FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Colella, P AF Colella, P BE Toro, EF TI Volume-of-fluid methods for partial differential equations SO GODUNOV METHODS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Godunov Methods - Theory and Applications CY OCT 18-22, 1999 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP London Math Soc, Def & Evaluat Res Agcy, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Springer Verlag & Numeritek Ltd ID PROJECTION METHOD; FRONT TRACKING; DYNAMICS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Colella, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46601-5 PY 2001 BP 161 EP 177 PG 5 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BU35J UT WOS:000175746800017 ER PT B AU Rider, WJ Bates, JW AF Rider, WJ Bates, JW BE Toro, EF TI A high-resolution Godunov method for modeling anomalous fluid behaviour SO GODUNOV METHODS: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Godunov Methods - Theory and Applications CY OCT 18-22, 1999 CL OXFORD, ENGLAND SP London Math Soc, Def & Evaluat Res Agcy, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Springer Verlag & Numeritek Ltd ID RIEMANN AB A standard assumption made when solving problems in compressible hydrodynamics is that the adiabatic compressibility of a fluid decreases with increasing pressure, or equivalently, that isentropes have a convex shape (downward) in the plane of specific volume versus pressure. This property is characteristic of all ideal gases and underlies classical hydrodynamic phenomenology. For real materials, however, isentropes may be locally concave near a phase transition. This can give rise to "anomalous" structures like smooth compressive waves and rarefactive shocks as the physical solutions. Here, we describe the construction of high-resolution Godunov schemes for modeling anomalous fluids. Particular attention is paid to the development of an appropriate Riemann solver to treat non-convex isentropes. Our approach is tested on a van der Waals gas with a distinct anomalous region. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Hydrodynam Methods Grp X3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rider, WJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Hydrodynam Methods Grp X3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46601-5 PY 2001 BP 717 EP 723 PG 3 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BU35J UT WOS:000175746800073 ER PT J AU Whitson, TL Davis, L AF Whitson, TL Davis, L TI Best practices in electronic government: Comprehensive electronic information dissemination for science and technology SO GOVERNMENT INFORMATION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB The Department of Energy's (DOE) Scientific and Technical Information Program (STIP) has successfully reinvented the way in which DOE collects, organizes, archives, disseminates, and uses scientific and technical information in the performance of research and development (R&D). Through a suite of innovative Web-based products conceived and developed by the Department's Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), information and resources resulting from the Department's R&D activities, as well as worldwide information needed by the research community, are readily available to all users in a fully integrated E-Government environment. This suite of products is accessible publicly at < http://www.osti.gov >. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 US Dept Energy, Off Sci & Tech Informat, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Whitson, TL (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Off Sci & Tech Informat, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0740-624X J9 GOV INFORM Q JI Gov. Inf. Q. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 2 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1016/S0740-624X(01)00062-4 PG 13 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 428PM UT WOS:000168470100002 ER PT S AU Sweatt, WC Warren, ME Kemme, SA Christenson, TR Blum, O Sinclair, MB Butler, MA Gentry, SM AF Sweatt, WC Warren, ME Kemme, SA Christenson, TR Blum, O Sinclair, MB Butler, MA Gentry, SM BE Suleski, TJ TI A plethora of micro-optical systems SO GRADIENT INDEX, MINIATURE, AND DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gradient Index, Miniature, and Diffractive Optical Systems II CY AUG 02-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE AB There are many applications for micro-optics. Perhaps the most exciting use of micro-optics is in fiber optical communication systems, getting the light signals in and out of the fibers. Other possible uses include data processing, chemical sensing, and spectroscopic applications. In this talk we will describe muChemLab (TM), the Polychromator, a new spectroscopic gas identification device, a fiberoptic status monitor, and a deep X-ray lithographic technique for fabricating micro-optical systems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sweatt, WC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4151-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4437 BP 125 EP 133 DI 10.1117/12.448149 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT90K UT WOS:000174395200013 ER PT B AU Joffre, M Fischer, P Frieman, J Johnston, D McKay, T Mohr, J Nichol, B Sheldon, E Cantaloupo, C Griffin, G Peterson, J Romer, K AF Joffre, M Fischer, P Frieman, J Johnston, D McKay, T Mohr, J Nichol, B Sheldon, E Cantaloupo, C Griffin, G Peterson, J Romer, K BE Brainerd, TG Kochanek, CS TI Weak lensing mass of nearby clusters of galaxies SO GRAVITATIONAL LENSING: RECENT PROGRESS AND FUTURE GOALS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gravitational Lensing - Recent Progress and Future Goals CY JUL 25-30, 1999 CL BOSTON UNIV, BOSTON, MA SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA HO BOSTON UNIV AB We describe first results of a project to create weak lensing mass maps for a complete, X-ray luminosity-limited sample of 19 nearby (z < 0.1) southern galaxy clusters scheduled for Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) observations by the Viper Telescope at the South Pole. We have collected data on 1/3 of the sample and present motivation for the project as well as projected mass maps of two clusters. C1 NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL USA. RP Joffre, M (reprint author), NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-074-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 237 BP 317 EP 318 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU31R UT WOS:000175678100095 ER PT B AU Edmonds, JA Freund, P Dooley, JJ AF Edmonds, JA Freund, P Dooley, JJ BE Williams, DJ Durie, B McMullan, P Paulson, C Smith, A TI The role of carbon management technologies in addressing atmospheric stabilization of greenhouse gases SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Greenshouse Gas Control Technologies CY 2000 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Int Energy Agcy, Australian Consortium, BHP, BP Amoco, CRIRO, Australian Greenhouse Off, Rio Tinto, Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth, Black Coal Utilisat Cooperat Res Ctr, Asea Brown Boveri, NOVEM AB Recent progress in decarbonization processes and engineered storage systems for CO2, together with preliminary cost estimates for these technologies, indicate that capture and storage Of CO2 Will have a major role to play in achieving deep reductions in emissions. These technologies hold the potential to reduce the cost of stabilizing the concentration of greenhouse gases, the ultimate objective of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC). Their value rises as the allowable level of cumulative carbon emissions declines. The value of these technologies is robust regardless of whether the world's economically recoverable oil and gas resources are eventually found to be large or small. This paper considers the economic implication of those advances in the context of long-term, global climate change mitigation strategies. This indicates the need for a broad, robust research and development strategy to reduce the cost of separating CO2 and to make accessible the widest range of storage reservoirs. It is also important to demonstrate excellent security of storage, in order to win public acceptance of the use of capture and storage techniques. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Edmonds, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 901 D St SW,Suite 900, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S I R O PI EAST MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 89 (EAST ALBERT ST), EAST MELBOURNE, 3002, AUSTRALIA BN 0-643-06672-1 PY 2001 BP 46 EP 51 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX21Q UT WOS:000184645800008 ER PT B AU Bajura, RA AF Bajura, RA BE Williams, DJ Durie, B McMullan, P Paulson, C Smith, A TI The role of carbon sequestration in the longer term energy future SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Greenshouse Gas Control Technologies CY 2000 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Int Energy Agcy, Australian Consortium, BHP, BP Amoco, CRIRO, Australian Greenhouse Off, Rio Tinto, Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth, Black Coal Utilisat Cooperat Res Ctr, Asea Brown Boveri, NOVEM C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Bajura, RA (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PI EAST MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 89 (EAST ALBERT ST), EAST MELBOURNE, 3002, AUSTRALIA BN 0-643-06672-1 PY 2001 BP 52 EP 58 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX21Q UT WOS:000184645800009 ER PT B AU O'Connor, WK Dahlin, DC Nilsen, DN Rush, GE Walters, RP Turner, PC AF O'Connor, WK Dahlin, DC Nilsen, DN Rush, GE Walters, RP Turner, PC BE Williams, DJ Durie, B McMullan, P Paulson, C Smith, A TI CO2 storage in solid form: A study of direct mineral carbonation SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Greenshouse Gas Control Technologies CY 2000 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Int Energy Agcy, Australian Consortium, BHP, BP Amoco, CRIRO, Australian Greenhouse Off, Rio Tinto, Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth, Black Coal Utilisat Cooperat Res Ctr, Asea Brown Boveri, NOVEM AB Direct mineral carbonation by an ex-situ. process in an aqueous system has been investigated over the past two years. The process utilizes a slurry of water mixed with a magnesium silicate mineral, such as olivine [forsterite end member(Mg2SiO4)], or serpentine [Mg3Si2O5(OH)(4)]. This slurry is reacted with sub- or supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) to produce magnesite (MgCO3). The CO2 is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3),which dissociates to W and HCO3-. The W ion hydrolyzes the mineral, liberating Mg2+ cations which react with the bicarbonate to form the solid carbonate. Results of the baseline tests, conducted on ground products of the natural minerals, have demonstrated that the kinetics of the reaction are slow at ambient temperature (22degreesC) and subcritical CO2 pressures (below 73 atm). However, at elevated temperature and pressure, coupled with continuous stirring of the slurry and gas dispersion within the water column, significant conversion to the carbonate occurs. Extent of reaction is roughly 90% within 24 hours, at 185degreesC and partial pressure of CO2 (P-CO2) of 115 atm. Heat pretreatment of the serpentine, coupled with bicarbonate and salt additions to the solution, improve reaction kinetics, resulting in an extent of reaction of roughly 80% within 0.5 hours, at 155degreesC and P-CO2 of 185 atm. Subsequent tests are intended to examine various pretreatment options, the carbonation solution characteristics, as well as other mineral groups. C1 Off Fossil Energy, US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP O'Connor, WK (reprint author), Off Fossil Energy, US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 13 PU C S I R O PI EAST MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 89 (EAST ALBERT ST), EAST MELBOURNE, 3002, AUSTRALIA BN 0-643-06672-1 PY 2001 BP 322 EP 327 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX21Q UT WOS:000184645800052 ER PT B AU Benson, SM Myer, L AF Benson, SM Myer, L BE Williams, DJ Durie, B McMullan, P Paulson, C Smith, A TI The GEO-SEQ Project SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Greenshouse Gas Control Technologies CY 2000 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Int Energy Agcy, Australian Consortium, BHP, BP Amoco, CRIRO, Australian Greenhouse Off, Rio Tinto, Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth, Black Coal Utilisat Cooperat Res Ctr, Asea Brown Boveri, NOVEM ID GAS AB The GEO-SEQ Project, established in May 2000, is a public-private R&D partnership sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that will conduct a set of targeted, inter-related, applied R&D tasks to advance geologic sequestration technology. The project will take place over a three-year period and involves scientists and engineers from three DOE national laboratories working in collaboration with Stanford University, Texas Bureau of Economic Geology, Alberta Research Council, TNO Institute of Applied Geosciences, the U.S. Geological Survey and our five industry partners. The overall goals of the project are to: lower the cost of geologic sequestration; lower the risk of geologic sequestration; and decrease the time to implementation To accomplish these objectives, the project team will carry out four inter-related R&D tasks in cooperation with the DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) and our industry partners, which include BP-Amoco, Chevron, Texaco, Pan Canadian Resources and Statoil. R&D tasks include: (1) development of co-optimization techniques for value-added sequestration technologies, (2) identification and evaluation of monitoring technologies and approaches, (3) improvement of reservoir models for predicting the performance of sequestration, and (4) improvement of the methodology and information available for capacity assessment. GEO-SEQ will also carry out public outreach; which includes five components: (1) sponsorship and participation in workshops, (2) active engagement of our advisory council, (3) a middle-school education program, (4) undergraduate and graduate research opportunities, and (5) a GEO-SEQ Web page that keeps our partners and the public informed about geologic sequestration, and the progress of the project. Interaction with the international community of researchers pursuing R&D in geologic sequestration is also critical to the success of this project. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Benson, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S I R O PI EAST MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 89 (EAST ALBERT ST), EAST MELBOURNE, 3002, AUSTRALIA BN 0-643-06672-1 PY 2001 BP 337 EP 341 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX21Q UT WOS:000184645800055 ER PT B AU Bergman, P Busbee, M Lorenzi, L Masutani, S Matsuda, F Neill, L Nihous, G Tarnas, D Yokota, N AF Bergman, P Busbee, M Lorenzi, L Masutani, S Matsuda, F Neill, L Nihous, G Tarnas, D Yokota, N BE Williams, DJ Durie, B McMullan, P Paulson, C Smith, A TI Public outreach effort for CO2 ocean sequestration experiment SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Greenshouse Gas Control Technologies CY 2000 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Int Energy Agcy, Australian Consortium, BHP, BP Amoco, CRIRO, Australian Greenhouse Off, Rio Tinto, Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth, Black Coal Utilisat Cooperat Res Ctr, Asea Brown Boveri, NOVEM AB The ocean represents the largest potential sink for anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In order to investigate this potential, Japan, Norway, and the United States signed a Project Agreement for International Collaboration on CO2 Sequestration in December 1997. Asea Brown Boveri (ABB) Switzerland, Australia, Canada, and the Central Research Institute of the Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI) Japan have subsequently joined the project. A field experiment is scheduled to take place in the summer of the year 2001, at Keahole Point on the Kona Coast of the big island of Hawaii. The viability of CO2 ocean sequestration as a CO2 control option in the final analysis may depend on public acceptance, rather than scientific, technical, or environmental issues. Early in 1999 a public outreach (PO) program was initiated to address local concerns. This paper will provide a progress report on this unique program. C1 Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Bergman, P (reprint author), Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PI EAST MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 89 (EAST ALBERT ST), EAST MELBOURNE, 3002, AUSTRALIA BN 0-643-06672-1 PY 2001 BP 405 EP 410 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX21Q UT WOS:000184645800066 ER PT B AU Doctor, RD Molburg, JC Brockmeier, NF AF Doctor, RD Molburg, JC Brockmeier, NF BE Williams, DJ Durie, B McMullan, P Paulson, C Smith, A TI Transporting carbon dioxide recovered from fossil-energy cycles SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Greenshouse Gas Control Technologies CY 2000 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Int Energy Agcy, Australian Consortium, BHP, BP Amoco, CRIRO, Australian Greenhouse Off, Rio Tinto, Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth, Black Coal Utilisat Cooperat Res Ctr, Asea Brown Boveri, NOVEM AB Transportation of carbon dioxide (CO2) for enhanced oil recovery is a mature technology, with operating experience dating from the mid-1980s. Because of this maturity, recent sequestration studies for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory have been able to incorporate transportation into overall energy-cycle economics with reasonable certainty. For these studies, two different coal-fueled plants are considered; the first collects CO2 from a 456-MW integrated coal gasification combined-cycle plant, while the second employs a 353-MW pulverized-coal boiler plant retrofitted for flue-gas recycling (Doctor et al. 1999; MacDonald and Palkes 1999). The pulverized-coal plant fires a mixture of coal in a 33% O-2 atmosphere, the bulk of the inert gas being made up of CO2 to the greatest extent practical. If one power plant with one pipe feeds one sequestration reservoir, projected costs for a 500 km delivery pipeline are problematic, because when supplying one reservoir both plant availability issues and useful pipeline life heavily influence capital recovery costs. The transportation system proposed here refines the sequestration scheme into a network of three distinctive pipelines: (1) 80-km collection pipelines for a 330 MW pulverized-coal power plant with 100% CO2 recovery; (2) a main CO2 transportation trunk of 320 km that aggregates the CO2 from four such plants; and (3) an 80-km distribution network. A 25-year life is assumed for the first two segments, but only half that for the distribution to the reservoir. Projected costs for a 500 kin delivery pipeline, assuming an infrastructure, are $7.82/tonne ($17.22/10(3) Nm(3) CO2, or $0.49/10(3) SCf CO2), a savings of nearly 60% with respect to base-case estimates with no infrastructure. These costs are consistent only with conditioned CO2 having low oxygen and sulfur content; they do not include CO2 recovery, drying, and compression. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Doctor, RD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PI EAST MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 89 (EAST ALBERT ST), EAST MELBOURNE, 3002, AUSTRALIA BN 0-643-06672-1 PY 2001 BP 567 EP 571 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX21Q UT WOS:000184645800093 ER PT B AU Byrer, CW Guthrie, HD AF Byrer, CW Guthrie, HD BE Williams, DJ Durie, B McMullan, P Paulson, C Smith, A TI Unminable coals in eastern U.S. basins: Potential reservoirs for sequestering carbon dioxide SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Greenshouse Gas Control Technologies CY 2000 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Int Energy Agcy, Australian Consortium, BHP, BP Amoco, CRIRO, Australian Greenhouse Off, Rio Tinto, Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth, Black Coal Utilisat Cooperat Res Ctr, Asea Brown Boveri, NOVEM AB Emissions of industrial greenhouse gases have increased the total load of carbon in the atmosphere. The longterm consequences of these emissions are hotly debated, one likely outcome is the alteration of global climate as greenhouse gases trap heat at the earth's surface. One possible alternative for reducing carbon added to the atmosphere is to sequester industrial greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, in various geological sinks serving as underground reservoirs. Unminable coal deposits in the eastern U.S. coal basins may present such an opportunity for the energy industry to sequester carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions from power plant stack gas. Nearly ninety percent of the enormous coal resources in the U.S. are unminable by today's mining standards. Unlike CO2-enhanced oil recovery where most of the CO2 is subsequently co-produced, CO2 injected into a coalbed reservoir displaces adsorbed methane (CM) from the coal surface with two molecules Of CO2 adsorbed on the coal surface and micropores for every molecule of insitu CH4 released. Recent industry field projects of CO2 injection into coalbeds have shown that methane production is increased. Coalbeds in the eastern U.S. represent a widely dispersed potential geological sink for CO2 storage while offering an opportunity to recover commercial quantities of methane for field uses or marketing in nearby natural gas pipelines. The U.S. Department of Energy has been researching development of this sequestration concept for disposal of CO2 emissions. This paper evaluates the potential of coalbeds to sequester CO2 in five eastern U.S. coal basins. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Byrer, CW (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PI EAST MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 89 (EAST ALBERT ST), EAST MELBOURNE, 3002, AUSTRALIA BN 0-643-06672-1 PY 2001 BP 572 EP 577 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX21Q UT WOS:000184645800094 ER PT B AU Beecy, D Kuuskraa, V Dipietro, P AF Beecy, D Kuuskraa, V Dipietro, P BE Williams, DJ Durie, B McMullan, P Paulson, C Smith, A TI The economic benefits of carbon capture and sequestration R&D under uncertainty SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Greenshouse Gas Control Technologies CY 2000 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Int Energy Agcy, Australian Consortium, BHP, BP Amoco, CRIRO, Australian Greenhouse Off, Rio Tinto, Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth, Black Coal Utilisat Cooperat Res Ctr, Asea Brown Boveri, NOVEM C1 US DOE, Off Fossil Energy, Germantown, MD USA. RP Beecy, D (reprint author), US DOE, Off Fossil Energy, Germantown, MD USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PI EAST MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 89 (EAST ALBERT ST), EAST MELBOURNE, 3002, AUSTRALIA BN 0-643-06672-1 PY 2001 BP 961 EP 966 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX21Q UT WOS:000184645800158 ER PT B AU Beecy, D Richels, R Weyant, J AF Beecy, D Richels, R Weyant, J BE Williams, DJ Durie, B McMullan, P Paulson, C Smith, A TI A report on the EMF 19 study on technology and global climate change policies SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Greenshouse Gas Control Technologies CY 2000 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Int Energy Agcy, Australian Consortium, BHP, BP Amoco, CRIRO, Australian Greenhouse Off, Rio Tinto, Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth, Black Coal Utilisat Cooperat Res Ctr, Asea Brown Boveri, NOVEM AB This paper reports on progress to date - and plans for the future of - the Stanford Energy Modeling Forum (EMF) EMF 19 study on "Technology and Global Climate Change Policies." The primary focus of this effort is on designing alternative sets of technology assumptions and ways to represent technological progress that can be used to study the costs of alternative global climate change policies. The working group for this study includes key government and industry technologists, developers and keepers of relevant technology data bases, economists interested in technology, technological change and technology policy, and global climate policy modelers. This study includes models developed from around the world (e.g., Australia, Germany, Netherlands, Japan and the U.S.). An organizational meeting for this study in Snowmass Colorado in August of 1999 Presentations were made by representatives of each of the groups mentioned above and it was decided to ask the modeling teams to provide information on: (1) the technologies included in the model's typical baseline scenario, (2) what technologies would be employed if no new technologies were introduced after 2000, and (3) the technologies included in the model's projection of a 550 ppm carbon dioxide in the atmosphere scenario. It was also decided to look at a very broad range of technology options - at least initially. The following categories of technologies are being considered: (1) energy supply technologies, (2) energy demand technologies, (3) carbon sequestration technologies, (4) technologies for reducing "other" greenhouse gas emissions, (5) "sink" technologies, and (6) possibly even technologies that would help people adapt to climate change when it occurs. A second meeting was held in March 2000 in Washington D.C. where three preliminary model comparison scenarios were identified and three initial study groups were formed. A a third meeting is planned for Snowmass Colorado in August 2000 and a fourth fro Stanford University in February 2001. These will be developed with the active participation of the technology experts participating in the study. Such assumptions will be used by the modeling teams to try and illuminate the best "technology strategies" to use to address global climate change. The results of these assessments can then be compared with - or in some cases integrated with - those for other policy options. Meetings may be held in Europe and Asia over time if appropriate funding can be developed. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Beecy, D (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU C S I R O PI EAST MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 89 (EAST ALBERT ST), EAST MELBOURNE, 3002, AUSTRALIA BN 0-643-06672-1 PY 2001 BP 1026 EP 1031 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX21Q UT WOS:000184645800169 ER PT B AU Schmidt, C Beecy, D AF Schmidt, C Beecy, D BE Williams, DJ Durie, B McMullan, P Paulson, C Smith, A TI Overview of the US Carbon Sequestration Program SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Greenshouse Gas Control Technologies CY 2000 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Int Energy Agcy, Australian Consortium, BHP, BP Amoco, CRIRO, Australian Greenhouse Off, Rio Tinto, Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth, Black Coal Utilisat Cooperat Res Ctr, Asea Brown Boveri, NOVEM AB The United States Department of Energy has assumed a leadership role in the field of carbon sequestration through its Carbon Sequestration R&D Program. The program, which is managed by the DOE's Office of Fossil Energy (FE) and implemented by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), has formed strong collaborative relationships with industry, other U.S. government agencies, other countries, and the International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme (IEA/GHG). A number of R&D projects are underway as a result of competitive solicitations for cost-shared R&D projects. Program funding in FY 2000 is $9.2 million, and larger budgets are expected in the future as promising sequestration technologies progress. This paper describes ongoing program activities and provides indication of future directions. Recommendations are also provided on how to obtain additional information and to join the program's global, public/private partnering process. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Schmidt, C (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PI EAST MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 89 (EAST ALBERT ST), EAST MELBOURNE, 3002, AUSTRALIA BN 0-643-06672-1 PY 2001 BP 1044 EP 1049 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX21Q UT WOS:000184645800172 ER PT B AU Reichle, DE Houghton, JC Kane, RL AF Reichle, DE Houghton, JC Kane, RL BE Williams, DJ Durie, B McMullan, P Paulson, C Smith, A TI A review of carbon sequestration science and technology opportunities by the US Department of Energy SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Greenshouse Gas Control Technologies CY 2000 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Int Energy Agcy, Australian Consortium, BHP, BP Amoco, CRIRO, Australian Greenhouse Off, Rio Tinto, Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth, Black Coal Utilisat Cooperat Res Ctr, Asea Brown Boveri, NOVEM C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Reichle, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU C S I R O PI EAST MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 89 (EAST ALBERT ST), EAST MELBOURNE, 3002, AUSTRALIA BN 0-643-06672-1 PY 2001 BP 1050 EP 1055 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX21Q UT WOS:000184645800173 ER PT B AU Dooley, JJ Kim, SH Runci, PJ AF Dooley, JJ Kim, SH Runci, PJ BE Williams, DJ Durie, B McMullan, P Paulson, C Smith, A TI The role of carbon capture, sequestration and emissions trading in achieving short-term carbon emissions reductions SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Greenshouse Gas Control Technologies CY 2000 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Int Energy Agcy, Australian Consortium, BHP, BP Amoco, CRIRO, Australian Greenhouse Off, Rio Tinto, Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth, Black Coal Utilisat Cooperat Res Ctr, Asea Brown Boveri, NOVEM AB The near- to mid-term deployment of carbon capture and sequestration technologies can accelerate the process of significantly reducing emissions of carbon dioxide under a wide range of policy scenarios and reduce significantly the costs of complying with a climate change mitigation protocol -- by as much as $1 trillion over the period 2005-2050. These carbon capture and sequestration technologies also allow the continued use of fossil fuels, while reducing their carbon emissions and keeping the cost of electricity generated from fossil fuels competitive with other generation technologies. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Global Climate Change Grp, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Dooley, JJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Global Climate Change Grp, 901 D St SW,Suite 900, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PI EAST MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 89 (EAST ALBERT ST), EAST MELBOURNE, 3002, AUSTRALIA BN 0-643-06672-1 PY 2001 BP 1127 EP 1132 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX21Q UT WOS:000184645800185 ER PT B AU Steinberg, M AF Steinberg, M BE Williams, DJ Durie, B McMullan, P Paulson, C Smith, A TI A new process for ammonia production with reduced CO2 emission and co-product carbon production SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Greenshouse Gas Control Technologies CY 2000 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Int Energy Agcy, Australian Consortium, BHP, BP Amoco, CRIRO, Australian Greenhouse Off, Rio Tinto, Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth, Black Coal Utilisat Cooperat Res Ctr, Asea Brown Boveri, NOVEM AB The conventional method of ammonia production releases a significant quantity of carbon dioxide with natural gas as feedstock. A first order comparative thermodynamic and economic analysis of a new alternative process, based on the thermal decomposition of natural gas is reported. This indicates that by sequestering carbon the CO2 emissions can be eliminated for slightly higher ammonia production cost or that if the co-product carbon is marketed, the selling price for ammonia can be significantly reduced compared to the conventional process for the production of ammonia. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Steinberg, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven Sci Associates, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PI EAST MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 89 (EAST ALBERT ST), EAST MELBOURNE, 3002, AUSTRALIA BN 0-643-06672-1 PY 2001 BP 1222 EP 1229 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX21Q UT WOS:000184645800201 ER PT B AU Smith, JR Surles, T Marais, B Brandt, H Viteri, F AF Smith, JR Surles, T Marais, B Brandt, H Viteri, F BE Williams, DJ Durie, B McMullan, P Paulson, C Smith, A TI Power production with zero atmospheric emissions for the 21(ST) century SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Greenshouse Gas Control Technologies CY 2000 CL CAIRNS, AUSTRALIA SP Int Energy Agcy, Australian Consortium, BHP, BP Amoco, CRIRO, Australian Greenhouse Off, Rio Tinto, Res Inst Innovat Technol Earth, Black Coal Utilisat Cooperat Res Ctr, Asea Brown Boveri, NOVEM AB This paper describes a new concept for economically producing power without atmospheric emissions of regulated or greenhouse gases. A 5-MW to 10-MW experimental electric power generating plant is being designed for installation at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to perform research to develop the new technology and to demonstrate its reliability. The research electric power generating plant will bum any gaseous fuel, including syngas derived from coal, with oxygen. Natural gas and oxygen will be used initially to produce a mixture of steam and carbon dioxide. The mixture will be delivered to three turbines in series to produce electricity. After leaving the low-pressure turbine, the gaseous mixture will be cooled in a condenser where the carbon dioxide separates from the steam. The carbon dioxide will be pumped into a local oil formation, which is located at a depth of 460 m below ground adjacent to the Laboratory. In the more general siting case, the carbon dioxide would be pumped into deep underground permeable strata. The natural gas will be combusted with oxygen in a gas generator to produce the turbine working fluid. Three turbines will drive an electric generator to generate electricity. In the first phase of the research, the plant will use three commercially available steam turbines that operate at a temperature of 566degreesC. In a second phase, the high- and low-pressure turbines will be replaced by turbines using uncooled blade technology developed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to permit a turbine operation temperature of 816degreesC. The intermediate turbine will use actively cooled gas turbine technology and operate at a temperature of 1425degreesC. This plant will have an efficiency of 50%. DOE has funded research to reduce the cost of oxygen generation using ceramic membranes. When this technology becomes available and when high-temperature steam turbines are developed, efficiencies of 60% are expected, including the energy cost of carbon dioxide sequestration. Economic studies indicate that the cost penalty for sequestering the carbon dioxide of the research plant will be approximately 4%, when using the second-phase technology, making it one of the lowest-cost options for sequestration of greenhouse gases from a power plant. A similar cost penalty applies to plants with outputs ranging from 100 to 400 MW. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Smith, JR (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S I R O PI EAST MELBOURNE PA PO BOX 89 (EAST ALBERT ST), EAST MELBOURNE, 3002, AUSTRALIA BN 0-643-06672-1 PY 2001 BP 1289 EP 1294 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BX21Q UT WOS:000184645800212 ER PT B AU McLerran, L AF McLerran, L BE Hughes, VW Iachello, F Kusnezov, D TI Ultra-relativistic nuclei: A new frontier SO GREGORY BREIT CENTENNIAL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Gregory Breit Centennial Symposium CY OCT 22-26, 1999 CL YALE UNIV, NEW HAVEN, CT HO YALE UNIV AB The collisions of ultra-relativistic nuclei provide a window on the behavior of strong interactions at asymptotically high energies. They also will allow us to study the bulk properties of hadronic matter at very high densities. C1 BNL, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11713 USA. RP McLerran, L (reprint author), BNL, Dept Phys, Bdg 510A,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11713 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4553-X PY 2001 BP 87 EP 96 DI 10.1142/9789812811530_0006 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT62L UT WOS:000173560300005 ER PT S AU Smith, AV AF Smith, AV BE Pierce, JW Schaffers, KI TI Improving the beam quality of nanosecond optical parametric oscillators SO GROWTH, FABRICATION, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS OF LASER AND NONLINEAR MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Growth, Fabrication, Devices, and Applications of Laser and Nonlinear Materials CY JAN 23-24, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE optical parametric oscillator; beam quality; nonlinear optics AB We show by computer simulation that high beam quality can be achieved in high energy, nanosecond optical parametric oscillators by using image-rotating resonators. Lateral walk off between the signal and idler beams in the nonlinear crystal creates correlations across the beams in the walk off direction, or equivalently, a restricted acceptance angle. This tends to improve beam quality in the walk off plane. We show that image rotation or reflection can be used to improve beam quality in both planes. The lateral walk off can be due to birefringent walk off in type II mixing or due to noncollinear mixing in type I or type II mixing. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Lasers Opt & Remote Sensing, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, AV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Lasers Opt & Remote Sensing, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3946-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4268 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1117/12.424622 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Optics; Physics GA BS47A UT WOS:000169941500001 ER PT S AU Mecking, BA AF Mecking, BA BE Cheon, IT Choi, T Hong, SW Lee, SH TI The CEBAF Electron Accelerator, physics program and first results SO HADRONS AND NUCLEI SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Hadrons and Nuclei CY FEB 20-22, 2001 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Yonsei Univ, Inst Phys & Appl Phys, Yonsei Univ, Nat Sci Res Inst, Korean Phys Soc, Korea Nucl Soc AB The Continuous Electron Accelerator Facility, CEBAF, is devoted to the investigation of the electromagnetic structure of mesons, nucleons, and nuclei using high-energy and high duty-cycle electron and photon beams. The physics program and the experimental equipment at CEBAF will be described. Selected examples for the results obtained will be given. The motivation for upgrading the accelerator to higher energy will be discussed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Mecking, BA (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0037-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 594 BP 67 EP 75 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT74S UT WOS:000173939200009 ER PT S AU Amman, M Lee, JS Luke, PN AF Amman, M Lee, JS Luke, PN BE James, RB TI Alpha particle response characterization of CdZnTe SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics III CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE CdZnTe; coplanar grid; semiconductor detector; gamma-ray detector; alpha particle ID COPLANAR-GRID DETECTORS; GAMMA-RAY DETECTORS; SEMICONDUCTOR; ELECTRODES; PERFORMANCE; UNIFORMITY; TRANSPORT; DESIGN AB The coplanar-grid as well as other electron-only detection techniques are effective in overcoming some of the material problems of CdZnTe and, consequently, have led to efficient gamma-ray detectors with good energy resolution while operating at room temperature. The performance of these detectors is limited by the degree of uniformity in both electron generation and transport. Despite recent progress in the growth of CdZnTe material, small variations in these properties remain a barrier to the widespread success of such detectors. Alpha-particle response characterization of CdZnTe crystals fabricated into simple planar detectors is an effective tool to accurately study electron generation and transport. We have used a finely collimated alpha source to produce two-dimensional maps of detector response. A clear correlation has been observed between the distribution of precipitates near the entrance contact on some crystals and their alpha-response maps. Further studies are ongoing to determine the mechanism for the observed response variations and the reason for the correlation. This paper presents the results of these studies and their relationship to coplanar-grid gamma-ray detector performance. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Amman, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4221-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4507 BP 1 EP 11 AR UNSP 4507-01 DI 10.1117/12.450742 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BU16E UT WOS:000175177900001 ER PT S AU Prettyman, TH Ameduri, FP Burger, A Gregory, JC Hoffbauer, MA Majerus, PR Reisenfeld, DB Soldner, SA Szeles, C AF Prettyman, TH Ameduri, FP Burger, A Gregory, JC Hoffbauer, MA Majerus, PR Reisenfeld, DB Soldner, SA Szeles, C BE James, RB TI Effect of surfaces on the performance of CdZnTe detectors SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics III CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE CdZnTe; CZT; gamma ray; detector; alpha particle induced charge; coplanar grids; charge collection; surfaces; passivation; contacts ID SEMICONDUCTOR RADIATION DETECTORS AB Surface processing plays a major role in manufacturing CdZnTe semiconductor devices used for radiation detection. We are conducting a thorough, systematic study of surfaces and contacts and their effect on charge transport and signal formation in CdZnTe devices. We are investigating wet chemical processing techniques as well as treatment of surfaces with energetic neutral atoms. Our goal is to develop and implement improved surface treatment methods and device manufacturing techniques for large-volume CdZnTe detectors. In addition, we will determine how surfaces and electrical contacts affect the performance of CdZnTe devices used for radiation detection. In this paper, we will show how surface electronic properties influence carrier transport and signal formation in devices designed to simulate coplanar grid detectors. By altering the surface using a wet chemical process, we will show that charge collection is significantly affected by the conductivity of the surface. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prettyman, TH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4221-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4507 BP 23 EP 31 AR UNSP 4507-03 DI 10.1117/12.450758 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BU16E UT WOS:000175177900003 ER PT S AU Moss, CE Browne, MC Ianakiev, KD Prettyman, TH AF Moss, CE Browne, MC Ianakiev, KD Prettyman, TH BE James, RB TI High-energy characterization of two large-volume multi-element CdZnTe detectors SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics III CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE CdZnTe; gamma-ray detector; array; planetary science; semiconductor; coplanar grid; room temperature ID GAMMA-RAY; MULTIELEMENT AB We present results of experiments to characterize two large-volume, multi-element CdZnTe detectors for gamma-ray spectroscopy at high energy. The first detector consisted of four 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm x 0.75 cm coplanar arid detectors. The measurements for the four-element design were performed with various configurations. The second detector consisted of eight 1 cm x 1 cm x 0.5 cm coplanar grid detectors arranged in a 2 x 2 x 2 array. The high-energy gamma-ray sources included Co-60(1322), Th-228(2614), Cm-244/C-13(6129), and Fe(n,gamma)(7645). The front-end electronics consisted of eight spectroscopy-grade preamplifiers/shapers/pulse stretchers, built on circuit boards close to the arrays. For the four-element measurements the shapers/pulse stretchers were replaced with commercial amplifiers. An eight-channel data acquisition system with list mode output was used to record gamma-ray events for each detector element in each array. The list mode data were analyzed to produce coincidence and singles spectra and efficiencies for the various sources. The Compton continuum and the escape peaks are suppressed in the coincidence spectra relative to the singles spectra. We compare these spectra and efficiencies at high energy to results at lower energies and to Monte Carlo predictions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moss, CE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J562, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4221-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4507 BP 32 EP 41 AR UNSP 4507-04 DI 10.1117/12.450767 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BU16E UT WOS:000175177900004 ER PT S AU Hull, EL Burks, MT Cork, CP Craig, W Eckels, D Fabris, L Lavietes, A Luke, PN Madden, NW Pehl, RH Ziock, KP AF Hull, EL Burks, MT Cork, CP Craig, W Eckels, D Fabris, L Lavietes, A Luke, PN Madden, NW Pehl, RH Ziock, KP BE James, RB TI A germanium orthogonal strip detector system for gamma-ray imaging SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics III CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE germanium detector; URA; gamma-ray imaging AB A germanium-detector based, gamma-ray imaging system has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The detector, cryostat, electronics, readout, and imaging software are discussed. An 11 millimeter thick 2 millimeter pitch 19x19 orthogonal strip planar germanium detector is used in front of a coaxial detector to provide broad energy coverage. The planar detector was fabricated using amorphous germanium contacts. Each channel is read out with a compact, low noise external FET preamplifier specially designed for this detector. A bank of shaping amplifiers, fast amplifiers, and fast leading edge discriminators were designed and fabricated to process the signals from the preamplifiers. The readout system coordinates time coincident x-y strip addresses with an x-strip spectroscopy signal and a spectroscopy signal from the coaxial detector. This information is sent to a computer where an image is formed. Preliminary shadow and pinhole images demonstrate the viability of a germanium based imaging system. The excellent energy resolution of the germanium detector system provides isotopic imaging. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hull, EL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Fabris, Lorenzo/E-4653-2013 OI Fabris, Lorenzo/0000-0001-5605-5615 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4221-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4507 BP 132 EP 140 AR UNSP 4507-19 DI 10.1117/12.450750 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BU16E UT WOS:000175177900015 ER PT S AU Lawrence, DJ Barraclough, BL Feldman, WC Prettyman, TH Wiens, RC AF Lawrence, DJ Barraclough, BL Feldman, WC Prettyman, TH Wiens, RC BE James, RB TI A combined gamma-ray and neutron detector for measuring the chemical composition of airless planetary bodies SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics III CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE gamma-ray and neutron detectors; planetary compositions; BGO scintillator; BC454 scintillator; CdZnTe ID LUNAR PROSPECTOR; EPITHERMAL NEUTRONS; THORIUM ABUNDANCES; SURFACE; MOON; ICE AB Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) constantly impinge all planetary bodies and produce characteristic gamma-ray lines and leakage neutrons as reaction products. Together with gamma-ray lines produced by radioactive decay, these nuclear emissions provide a powerful tool for remotely measuring the chemical composition of planetary surfaces having little or no atmospheres. While lunar gamma-ray spectroscopy was first demonstrated with Apollo Gamma-Ray measurements, the full value of combined gamma-ray and neutron spectroscopy was shown for the first time with the Lunar Prospector Gamma-Ray (LP-GRS) and Neutron Spectrometers (LP-NS). Any new planetary mission will likely have the requirement that instrument mass and power be kept to a minimum. To satisfy such requirements, we have been designing a GR/NS instrument which combines all the functionality of the LP-GRS and LP-NS for a fraction of the mass and power. Specifically, our design uses a BGO scintillator crystal to measure gamma-rays; from 0.5 - 10 MeV. A borated plastic scintillator and a lithium glass scintillator are used to separately measure thermal, epithermal, and fast neutrons as well as serve as an anticoincidence shield for the BGO. All three scintillators are packaged together in a compact phoswich design. Modifications to this design could include a CdZnTe gamma-ray detector for enhanced energy resolution at low energies (0.5 - 3 MeV). While care needs to be taken to ensure that an adequate count rate and background suppression is achieved for specific mission designs, previous mission successes demonstrate that a combined GRINS provides essential information about planetary surfaces. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lawrence, DJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp NIS-1, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Lawrence, David/E-7463-2015; OI Lawrence, David/0000-0002-7696-6667; Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4221-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4507 BP 162 EP 169 AR UNSP 4507-25 DI 10.1117/12.450754 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BU16E UT WOS:000175177900018 ER PT J AU Moussa, HM Eckerman, KF Townsend, LW Pevey, R AF Moussa, HM Eckerman, KF Townsend, LW Pevey, R TI Estimation of electron absorbed fractions in the extrathoracic airways SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo; respiratory system; modeling, dose assessment; dose, absorbed AB Dose calculations using the respiratory tract model presented in Publication 66 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) frequently predict that the basal cells of the anterior portion of the nose, the extrathoracic region ET1 of the model, are the most highly irradiated tissue of the body. The dose to the basal cells is averaged over a layer of tissue 10 mum thick located at a depth of 40 mum into the airway. Reported here are the results of a series of absorbed fraction calculations undertaken to compare with values tabulated in ICRP Publication 66. The Monte Carlo code MCNP4B and the geometric model of the ET1 region specified in Publication 66 were used in the calculations. Although some calculated differences are evident between the two sets of absorbed fractions, typically less than 20%, the calculations confirm that the electron absorbed fractions tabulated in Publication 66 are not responsible for the high estimates of the ET1 dose. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Nucl Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hmoussa@utk.edu NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 BP 12 EP 15 DI 10.1097/00004032-200101000-00004 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 383ZB UT WOS:000165913600004 PM 11204111 ER PT J AU Musolino, SV AF Musolino, SV TI Radiation from medical procedures: Corrections to a consequential book review - Response to Gofman SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Radiol Control Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 BP 82 EP 83 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 383ZB UT WOS:000165913600016 ER PT J AU Peterson, SR Davis, PA AF Peterson, SR Davis, PA TI Specific activity concept - Response to Moghissi and Straja SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID TRITIUM C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 80 IS 1 BP 84 EP 85 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 383ZB UT WOS:000165913600018 ER PT J AU Miller, LL Jacobson, RA Ruedenberg, K Niu, J Schwarz, WHE AF Miller, LL Jacobson, RA Ruedenberg, K Niu, J Schwarz, WHE TI Oriented nonspherical atoms in crystals deduced from X-ray scattering data SO HELVETICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL DEFORMATION DENSITIES; ELECTRON DIFFERENCE DENSITIES; TETRAFLUOROTEREPHTHALONITRILE TFT; MOMENTUM DENSITIES; MOLECULES; DIFFRACTION; MATRICES; DISTRIBUTIONS; TEMPERATURE; IONICITY AB A crystallographic pro-molecule/pro-crystal model is described that goes beyond the standard reference model, which explicitly contains only numerically determined atomic positions and thermal vibrational smearings, while leaving all other information lumped together in a so-called deformation density. The new model includes further explicit parameters that identify valence-orbital orientations and occupancies of degenerate or near-degenerate atomic ground states in crystals. A method is described for extracting this additional information as well from X-ray data by least-mean-squares refinements. It is applied to the experimental data sets of three organic molecules: 9-(tert-butyl)anthracene, tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile, and 1,2,3-triazine. The electronic structure inferences are discussed. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Gesamthsch Siegen, Theoret Chem Grp, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. RP Ruedenberg, K (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 79 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0018-019X J9 HELV CHIM ACTA JI Helv. Chim. Acta PY 2001 VL 84 IS 6 BP 1907 EP 1942 DI 10.1002/1522-2675(20010613)84:6<1907::AID-HLCA1907>3.0.CO;2-B PG 36 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 457UY UT WOS:000170156300038 ER PT S AU Giebels, B Wood, KS Bandyopadhyay, RM Bloom, E Focke, W Fritz, G Godfrey, G Hertz, P Kowalski, MP Lovellette, MN Ray, PS Reilly, K Parkinson, PS Scargle, J Shabad, G Wolff, MT Yentis, D AF Giebels, B Wood, KS Bandyopadhyay, RM Bloom, E Focke, W Fritz, G Godfrey, G Hertz, P Kowalski, MP Lovellette, MN Ray, PS Reilly, K Parkinson, PS Scargle, J Shabad, G Wolff, MT Yentis, D BE Aharonian, FA Volk, HJ TI X-ray observations of Mkn 421 with USA SO HIGH ENERGY GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy CY JUN 26-30, 2000 CL HEIDELBERG UNIV, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Max Planck Inst Kernphys, DFG, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys HO HEIDELBERG UNIV AB This paper presents the first AGN detections with the USA X-ray detector on board of ARGOS. We started observing the BL Lac object Mkn421 at the end of January 2000, when it was also observed by the CAT Cerenkov telescope (see Pierre Espigat, these proceedings), and optical telescopes (but the latter are not presented here). Mkn421 was at the beginning of a long period of high activity that lasted for many weeks. Some observations on Mkn421 were also carried out in this period by XTE (see Rita Sambruna, these proceedings). C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Giebels, B (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-990-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 558 BP 668 EP 671 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BS12B UT WOS:000168728000073 ER PT B AU Pellegrino, A AF Pellegrino, A BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI The proton structure function F-2 at low Q(2) and low X SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ AB The recent measurements of the proton structure function F-2 made by the H1 and ZEUS collaborations span six orders of magnitude both in the virtuality of the photon, Q(2), and in the Bjorken scaling variable, x. The data exhibit a clear transition from the (approximate) scaling behavior of F-2 to a much stronger Q(2)-dependence at low Q(2). In order to further elucidate this transition, a study is made of the behavior of the derivatives, partial derivativeF(2)/partial derivative log Q(2), evaluated for fixed x. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pellegrino, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 430 EP 431 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500054 ER PT B AU Appel, JA AF Appel, JA BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI Color transparency and pion valence quark distributions from di-jet events in fermilab E791 SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ ID MOMENTUM; QCD AB Diffractive, exclusive di-jet events produced by 500 GeV/c pi (-) scattered off nuclei were used to measure their A-dependence, and to make the first direct measurement of the valence-quark momentum distribution in pions. Data on the latter are compared to two limiting predictions for the pion light-cone wave-function. The results show that the asymptotic wave-function of perturbative QCD describes the data well for Q(2) of 10 GeV2 and above. The measured A-dependence is consistent with observation of point-like configurations in the pion and color-transparency calculations. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Appel, JA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 469 EP 471 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500066 ER PT B AU Kilgore, WB Giele, WT AF Kilgore, WB Giele, WT BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI A next-to-leading order calculation of hadronic three jet production SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ ID ONE-LOOP CORRECTIONS; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; AMPLITUDES; COLLIDERS; SHAPES; EVENTS; 3-JET; TEV AB We present results of a next-to-leading order calculation of three jet production at hadron colliders. This calculation will have many applications. In addition to computing such three-jet observables as spectra, mass distributions, this calculation permits the first next-to-leading order studies at hadron colliders of jet and event shape variables. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kilgore, WB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Bldg 510A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 502 EP 505 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500075 ER PT B AU Berger, EL Klasen, M AF Berger, EL Klasen, M BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI Constraints on the proton's gluon density from lepton-pair production SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ ID COLLISIONS AB Massive lepton-pair production, the Drell-Yan process, should be a good source of independent constraints on the gluon density, free from the experimental and theoretical complications of photon isolation that beset studies of prompt photon production. We provide predictions for the spin-averaged and spin-dependent differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum Q(T). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Berger, EL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 523 EP 525 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500081 ER PT B AU Abe, T AF Abe, T BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI Studies of B(B)over-bar gluon and C(C)over-bar vertices SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ AB We report on several new studies of b (b) over barg and cog vertices using 3- and 4-jet hadronic Z(0) decays by e(4)e(-) collision. The gluon energy spectrum is measured over the full kinematic range, providing an improved test of QCD and limits on anomalous bbg couplings. The parity violation in Z(0) --> b (b) over barg decays is consistent with electroweak theory plus QCD. New tests of T and CP-conservation at the bbg vertex are performed. A measurement of the probability of gluon splitting into c (c) over bar pairs finds g(c (c) over bar) = (2.45 +/- 0.29 +/- 0.53)%. A new measurement of the rate of gluon splitting into b (b) over bar pairs yields g(b (b) over bar) = (2.84 +/- 0.61 (stat.) +/-0.59(syst.)) x 10(-3) (Preliminary). C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Abe, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 528 EP 530 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500083 ER PT B AU Magill, SR AF Magill, SR BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI Prompt (direct) photon production at colliders SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ AB New results from the ZEUS Collaboration on prompt (direct) photon production in ep collisions at HERA are presented along with recent results from CDF in (p) over barp collisions at the Tevatron. These results are examined with respect to the hypothesis of increased < k(T) > from inital-state soft gluon radiation in the proton and are both found to be consistent with previous fixed-target and collider prompt photon production results. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Magill, SR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 564 EP 566 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500096 ER PT B AU Aronson, S AF Aronson, S CA PHENIX Collaboration BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI The PHENIX experiment at RHIC SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ AB PHENIX is a large detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RIIIC) at BNL. RHIC and PHENIX have recently operated for the first time, producing and detecting collisions of gold ions at beam energies of 30 and 65 GeV per nucleon. The current performance and future plans of PHENIX and of RHIC are presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Aronson, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 598 EP 601 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500104 ER PT B AU Su, D AF Su, D BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI R-b, R-c measurements at SLD and LEP-I SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ ID HADRONIC Z-DECAYS; CHARM QUARK PAIRS; Z(0) DECAYS; MASS TAG; MULTIPLICITY; GLUONS; B(B)OVER-BAR AB This report summarizes the measurements of R-b, R-c at SLD and LEP-I. These measurements are sensitive probes of the Z(0) couplings to heavy quarks, which provide precision tests of the Standard Model of electroweak interactions at similar to0.3% and similar to2% level respectively. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 93409 USA. RP Su, D (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 93409 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 632 EP 636 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500112 ER PT B AU Abe, T AF Abe, T BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI The final SLD results for A(LR) and A(LEPTON) SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ ID CROSS-SECTION ASYMMETRY; Z-BOSON PRODUCTION; E+E COLLISIONS AB We present the final measurements of the left-right cross-section asymmetry A(LR) for Z boson production by e(+)e(-) collisions and Z boson-lepton coupling asymmetry parameters A(e), A(mu), and A(tau) in leptonic Z decays with the SLD detector at the SLAC Linear Collider. Using the complete sample of polarized Z bosons collected at SLID, we get A(LR) = 0.15056 +/- 0.00239, A(e) = 0.1544 +/- 0.0060, A mu = 0.142 +/- 0.015, and A(tau) = 0.136 +/- 0.015. The A(LR) (equivalent to A(e)) and A(e) results are combined and we find A(e) = 0.1516 +/- 0.0021. Assuming lepton universality, we obtain a combined effective weak mixing angle of sin(2)theta (eff)(W) = 0.23098 +/- 0.00026. Within the context of the SM, our result prefers a light Higgs mass. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Abe, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 637 EP 640 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500113 ER PT B AU Yu, JH AF Yu, JH BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI Recent electroweak results from nu-N scattering at NuTeV SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ ID NEUTRINO-NUCLEON SCATTERING AB NuTeV is a neutrino-nucleon deep inelastic scattering experiment which took its data in the 1996-97 Fermilab TeVatron 800 GeV fixed target run. We present the results of two recent electroweak analyses in this paper, using this data set. We present a precision measurement of sin(2) theta (W), using the Paschos-Wolfenstein relationship, which minimizes large systematic uncertainties caused by charged current production of charm quarks in the final state. The result of the measurement is sin(2) theta (W) = 0.2253 +/- 0.0019 +/- 0.0010. The resulting mass of the W boson is M-W = 80.26 +/- 0.11GeV/c(2) and is comparable to direct measurements from TeVatron and LEP-II. In addition, we present a measurement of the cross section for the inverse muon decay process. The measured cross section is sigma (IMD)/E-v = (14.2 +/- 2.9) x 10(-42) cm(2)/GeV which is consistent with its Standard Model prediction. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yu, JH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS357,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 706 EP 709 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500132 ER PT B AU Usher, T AF Usher, T CA SLD Collaboration BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI B-s mixing at SLD SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ AB A preliminary 95% C.L. exclusion on the oscillation frequency of B-s(0) - B-s(0) mixing is presented by combining three analyses of a sample of 400,000 hadronic Z(0) decays collected by the SLD experiment at the SLC between 1996 and 1998. All three analyses exploit the large forward-backward asymmetry of polarized Z(0) --> b (b) over bar decays, as well as information from the hemisphere opposite that of the reconstructed B decay, to determine the b-hadron flavor at production. The three analyses differ in their reconstruction of the proper time and flavor of the b-hadron at decay. The first analysis performs a full reconstruction of a cascade D-s meson and a partial reconstruction of the b-hadron. In the second analysis, semileptonic decays are selected and the B decay point is reconstructed by vertexing a lepton with a partially reconstructed cascade D meson. The third analysis reconstructs B decay vertices inclusively using a topological technique, with separation between B-s(0) and B-s(0) decays obtained by exploiting the B-s(0) --> D-s(-) cascade charge structure. The results of these analyses are combined to exclude the following values of the B-s(0) - B-s(0) mixing oscillation frequency: Deltam(s) < 7.6 ps(-1) and 11.8 < Deltam(s) < 14.8 ps(-1) at the 95% confidence level. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Usher, T (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 761 EP 762 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500149 ER PT B AU Butler, JN AF Butler, JN BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI The physics reach of the BTeV experiment SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ AB The BTeV program at the Tevatron will do a complete study of CP violation, mixing, and rare decays in the beauty and charm systems. The physics reach for CP violation and mixing has been determined by detailed simulations of key signals. Efficiencies and backgrounds in modes such as B-o --> pi (+)pi (-), B-o --> rho pi, B-s --> DsK, and B-s --> D(s)pi are presented. The projected uncertainties on the CKM angles alpha, beta, and gamma and the reach in the B-s mixing parameter x(s) will be given. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Butler, JN (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 802 EP 804 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500163 ER PT B AU Gollwitzer, KE AF Gollwitzer, KE CA E835 Collaboration BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI First results of E835 2000 data run SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ ID ANNIHILATIONS; STATE AB During 2000, E835 has been taking data which include scans of the triplet P states of charmonium, (X c2, X c1) and (X c0). Preliminary analyses of the reactions (p) over barp --> (X c2, X c1, X c0) --> gammaJ/psi --> gamma (e(+)e(-)) have been performed. The preliminary results for mass, Gamma and Gamma ((p) over barp)/Gamma for (X c2, X c1) and (X c0) are presented and compared with previous measurements done by E760 in 1990 and E835 in 1997. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gollwitzer, KE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 822 EP 824 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500170 ER PT B AU Para, A AF Para, A BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI Neutrino oscillation experiments at Fermilab SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ AB Neutrino oscillations provide an unique opportunity to probe physics beyond the Standard Model. Fermilab is constructing two new neutrino beams and detectors to provide decisive test of two of the recent positive indications for neutrino oscillations: the MiniBOONE experiment will settle the LSND controversy, MINOS will provide detailed information in the region indicated by the SuperK results. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Para, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Pine St, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 936 EP 942 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500204 ER PT B AU Kinion, D Van Bibber, K AF Kinion, D Van Bibber, K BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI A large-scale search for dark-matter axions SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ ID INVISIBLE AXION; COSMIC AXIONS; CAVITY DETECTOR; HARMLESS AXION; CP INVARIANCE; AMPLIFIER; COSMOLOGY AB We review the status of two ongoing large-scale searches for axions which may constitute the Clark matter of our Milky Way halo. The experiments are based on the microwave cavity technique proposed by Sikivie, and marks a 'second-generation' to the original experiments performed by the Rochester-Bookhaven-Fermilab collaboration, and the University of Florida group. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kinion, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 1007 EP 1012 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500224 ER PT B AU Berger, EL Tait, TMP Klasen, M AF Berger, EL Tait, TMP Klasen, M BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI Next-to-leading order SUSY-QCD calculation of associated production of gauginos and gluinos SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ AB Results are presented of a next-to-leading order calculation in perturbative QCD of the production of charginos and neutralinos in association with gluinos at hadron colliders. Predictions for cross sections are shown at the energies of the Fermilab Tevatron and CERN Large Hadron Collider for a typical supergravity (SUGRA) model of the sparticle mass spectrum and for a light gluino model. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Berger, EL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 1066 EP 1068 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500240 ER PT B AU Roco, M AF Roco, M BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI Higgs searches at the Tevatron Run 1 results and Run 2 prospects SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ AB This report summarizes the results of recent Higgs searches in p (p) over bar collisions at roots = 1.8 TeV at the Tevatron using approximate to 100 pb(-1) of integrated luminosity from Run 1. We also present estimates of the Higgs discovery and exclusion reach in Run 2 based on a study by the Fermilab Higgs working group(1). C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Roco, M (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 1115 EP 1118 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500255 ER PT B AU Lecompte, TJ AF Lecompte, TJ CA CDF Collaboration D0 Collaboration BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI Supersymmetry searches at the Tevatron SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ ID PARITY VIOLATING SUPERSYMMETRY; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; TEV AB The CDF and DO experiments have each collected over 110 pb(-1) of proton-antiproton collision data with roots = 1800 GeV during the period 1992-1995. Limits on the production of supersymmetric particles are presented here. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lecompte, TJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 1129 EP 1132 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500259 ER PT B AU Rajagopalan, S AF Rajagopalan, S BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI Search for supersymmetry at the LHC SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ AB Supersymmetry is one of the best motivated extensions to the Standard Model that provides a solution to the hierarchy problem. The discovery of supersymmetry at the weak scale is straightforward at the LHC and the parameters of the underlying model can be determined. Extensive studies have been performed for minimal supergravity, gauge mediated and R-parity violating models. We review these studies in this paper. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rajagopalan, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 1133 EP 1135 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500260 ER PT B AU Appel, JA AF Appel, JA BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI Beam test results of the BTeV silicon pixel detector SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ AB We report the results of the BTeV silicon pixel detector tests carried out in the MTest beam at Fermilab in 1999-2000. The pixel detector spatial resolution has been studied as a function of track inclination, sensor bias, and readout threshold. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Appel, JA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 1227 EP 1228 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500287 ER PT B AU Yu, J AF Yu, J BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI Physics potential and the status of DO upgrade at Fermilab SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ AB The DO experiment is one of the two collider experiments at Fermilab. The DO detector is a multipurpose detector and took its data during Fermilab TeVatron collider run in 1992-1996. Both the DO detector and the Tevatron accelerator at Fermilab are currently undergoing significant upgrade to extend the reach to new physics and to further probe Standard Model. In this paper, physics potential of the upgraded DO detector and the upgrade status are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yu, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS357,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 1235 EP 1237 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500291 ER PT B AU Rapidis, PA AF Rapidis, PA CA DO Collaboration BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI The DO silicon microstrip tracker: Construction and testing SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ AB The DO collaboration is nearing completion of the DO Silicon Microvertex Detector, a 793,000 channel silicon strip tracking system for the DO Upgrade. The production of this detector, which is one of the two largest detectors to date, included burn-in of electronics, testing with an IR laser, mechanical assembly under coordinate measuring machines, and a test of a significant portion of the readout system. We have observed various failure modes of the silicon sensors, and a particular failure mode involving microdischarges at the coupling capacitor edge will be described. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Rapidis, PA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 1238 EP 1239 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500292 ER PT B AU Schwiening, J AF Schwiening, J CA Babar-Dirc Collaboration BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI Dirc, the particle identification system for BABAR SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ AB The DIRC, a novel type of Cherenkov ring imaging device, is the primary hadronic particle identification system for the BABAR detector at the asymmetric B-factory, PEP-II at SLAC. BABAR began taking data with colliding beams mode in late spring 1999. This paper describes the performance of the DIRC during the first 16 months of operation. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Schwiening, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 20450, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 1250 EP 1251 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500298 ER PT B AU Geer, S AF Geer, S BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI Future prospects for muon facilities SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ AB The motivation, prospects, and R&D plans for future high-intensity muon facilities are described, with an emphasis on neutrino factories. The additional R&D needed for muon colliders is also considered. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Geer, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 1279 EP 1284 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500307 ER PT B AU Kronfeld, AS AF Kronfeld, AS BE Lim, CS Yamanaka, T TI B and D mesons in lattice QCD SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on High Energy Physics CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Osaka Univ ID QUARK EFFECTIVE THEORY; FORM-FACTORS; POWER CORRECTIONS; FIELD-THEORIES; FERMIONS; ENERGY AB Computational and theoretical developments in lattice QCD calculations of B and D mesons are surveyed. Several topical examples are given: new ideas for calculating the HQET parameters <()over bar> and lambda (1); form factors needed to determine \V-ob\ and \V-ub\; bag parameters for the mass differences of the B mesons; and decay constants. Prospects for removing the quenched approximation are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kronfeld, AS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4533-5 PY 2001 BP 1322 EP 1327 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT15B UT WOS:000172097500314 ER PT S AU Pawson, S Takacs, L Molod, A Nebuda, S Chen, M Rood, R Read, WL Fiorino, M AF Pawson, S Takacs, L Molod, A Nebuda, S Chen, M Rood, R Read, WL Fiorino, M BE VanEyken, AP Lovhaug, UP Remedios, J TI The tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in the GEOS-2 GCM SO HIGH LATITUDE STUDIES AND UPPER ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES INCLUDING CLIMATE CHANGE SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT C1 3/A1 3 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commissions C and A held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Comm Space Res, Stratospher Process & Their Role Climate, World Climate Res Programme, European Space Agcy, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; CLIMATOLOGY; REANALYSES AB The structure of the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in the GEOS-2 General Circulation Model (GCM) is discussed. The emphasis of this study is on the reality of monthly-mean temperature and water vapor distributions in the model, compared to reasonable observational estimates. It is shown that although the zonal-mean temperature is in good agreement with observations, the GCM supports an excessive zonal asymmetry near the tropopause compared to the ECMWF Reanalyses. In reality there is a QBO-related variability in the zonally averaged lower stratospheric temperature which is not captured by the model. The observed upper tropospheric temperature and humidity fields show variations related to those in the sea surface temperature, which are not incorporated in the GCM; nevertheless, there is some interannual variability in the GCM, indicating a component arising from internal processes. The model is too moist in the middle troposphere (500 hPa) but too dry in the upper troposphere, suggesting that there is too little vertical transport or too much drying in the GCM. Transport into the stratosphere shows a pronounced annual cycle, with drier air entering the tropical stratosphere when the tropopause is coldest in northern winter; while the alternating dry and moist air masses can be traced ascending through the tropical lower stratosphere, the progression of the anomalies is too rapid. (C) 2001 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Gen Sci Corp, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PCMDI, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pawson, S (reprint author), NASA, Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 910-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Fiorino, Michael/N-4150-2014; Rood, Richard/C-5611-2008; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014 OI Fiorino, Michael/0000-0002-2819-8157; Rood, Richard/0000-0002-2310-4262; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2001 VL 27 IS 8 BP 1457 EP 1465 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00214-9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS99Y UT WOS:000171627800017 ER PT S AU Gropp, WD Kaushik, DK Keyes, DE Smith, BF AF Gropp, WD Kaushik, DK Keyes, DE Smith, BF BE Valero, M Prasanna, VK Vajapeyam, S TI Analyzing the parallel scalability of an implicit unstructured mesh CFD code SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING - HIPC 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on High Performance Computing (HiPC 2000) CY DEC 17-20, 2000 CL BANGALORE, INDIA SP IEEE Comp Soc, ACM ID TURBULENT FLOWS; GRIDS AB In this paper, we identify the scalability bottlenecks of an unstructured grid CFD code (PETSc-FUN3D) by studying the impact of several algorithmic and architectural parameters and by examining different programming models. We discuss the basic performance characteristics of this PDE code with the help of simple performance models developed in our earlier work, presenting primarily experimental results. In addition to achieving good per-processor performance (which has been addressed in our cited work and without which scalability claims are suspect) we strive to improve the implementation and convergence scalability of PETSc-FUN3D on thousands of processors. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, ISCR, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, ICASE, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Gropp, WD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-41429-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 1970 BP 395 EP 404 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BS91B UT WOS:000171367800036 ER PT J AU Ghandehari, K Akella, J Weir, ST Ruddle, CTA AF Ghandehari, K Akella, J Weir, ST Ruddle, CTA TI Ultrahigh pressure equation of state of CaS to 1.5 Mbar SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ultrahigh pressure; alkaline earth chalcogenides; diamond-anvil cell; metallization; X-ray diffraction ID CHALCOGENIDES; METAL AB Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction (EDXD) was performed at room temperature to gather structural data on CaS between approximately 1.7 GPa to nearly 150 GPa. In these experiments, CaS retained the B 1 structure up to approximately 40 GPa above which it began to transform to the B2 structure. The B2 structure remained stable to the highest pressure reached, 149 GPa, where the relative volume V/V-0 was 0.490. Previous studies on CaS extended only up to 52 GPa, which is barely 10 GPa after the B1 phase changes to the 132 structure. Thus it was not possible to accurately extrapolate the equation of state (EOS) for the B2 phase region to significantly higher pressures. In the present study EOS data for CaS was collected to 150 GPa and no other structural change was observed. EOS parameters for the B1 and B2 phase regions agree well with values reported in the literature. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Akella, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Weir, Samuel/H-5046-2012 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1080/08957950108201000 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 572UE UT WOS:000176792700003 ER PT J AU Menikoff, R Sewell, TD AF Menikoff, R Sewell, TD TI Fitting forms for isothermal data SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Birch-Murnaghan equation; Hugoniot locus; isotherm; HMX; bulk modulus ID COMPRESSION; PRESSURE; EQUATION; ARGON; STATE; KBAR AB Isothermal data in the (V, P)-plane are generally not sufficiently precise to determine the bulk modulus and its pressure derivative using finite differences. Instead the data are fit to an analytic expression and the derivatives of the analytic expression are used. The derivatives obtained in this fashion may be sensitive to the fitting form and the domain of data used for the fit. This point is illustrated by re-analyzing two data sets for beta-HMX. With the third order Birch-Murnaghan equation and a Hugoniot based fitting form we show that the uncertainty in the modulus due to the fitting forms is greater than the statistical uncertainty of the fits associated with the experimental error bars. Moreover, there is a systematic difference between the two data sets. Both fitting forms give statistically good fits for both experiments, although the modulus at ambient pressure ranges from 10.6 to 17.5 GPa. The large variation in the initial value of the modulus is due in part to the lack of data in the low pressure regime (below 1 GPa) and to the property of a molecular crystal, in contrast to a metal or atomic crystals, to stiffen substantially under a small amount of compression, The values of the modulus and its derivative are an important issue for an explosive like HMX because they affect predictions of the Hugoniot locus in the regime of the Chapman-Jouget detonation pressure. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Menikoff, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-B214, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM rtm@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2001 VL 21 IS 2 BP 121 EP + DI 10.1080/08957950108201010 PG 22 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 572UG UT WOS:000176792900006 ER PT S AU Seeman, JT AF Seeman, JT BE Kurokawa, SI Lee, SY Miles, J Perevedentsev, EA TI Luminosity and the beam-beam interaction SO HIGH QUALITY BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint US-CERN-Japan-Russia Accelerator School on High Quality Beams CY JUL 01-14, 2000 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res, Russia Accelerator Sch AB The beam-beam interaction is a strong nonlinear force and ultimately limits the luminosity performance of a colliding beam accelerator. The beam dynamics resulting from the beam-beam force has many aspects and is still under active investigation. Ultimately, the useful product of a collider, the integrated luminosity, depends strongly on the characteristics of the beam-beam interactions. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Seeman, JT (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0034-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 592 BP 163 EP 184 PG 22 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU49P UT WOS:000176147400009 ER PT S AU Stupakov, GV AF Stupakov, GV BE Kurokawa, SI Lee, SY Miles, J Perevedentsev, EA TI Wake and impedance SO HIGH QUALITY BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint US-CERN-Japan-Russia Accelerator School on High Quality Beams CY JUL 01-14, 2000 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res, Russia Accelerator Sch ID COUPLING IMPEDANCE C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stupakov, GV (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0034-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 592 BP 205 EP 230 PG 26 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU49P UT WOS:000176147400011 ER PT S AU Wienands, U Beloshitsky, P AF Wienands, U Beloshitsky, P BE Kurokawa, SI Lee, SY Miles, J Perevedentsev, EA TI Insertion and crossing region design SO HIGH QUALITY BEAMS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint US-CERN-Japan-Russia Accelerator School on High Quality Beams CY JUL 01-14, 2000 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Joint Inst Nucl Res, Russia Accelerator Sch AB This article is the summary of the 5-afternoon tutorial on insertions for circular machines. Roughly half the course (Part 1) was spent discussing interaction regions, We start by recapitulating basic beam optics including building blocks. This provides the tools to analyze the basic structure of interaction regions and explore the parameter space. This simple example is then successively refined and made more realistic. Examples of realized interaction regions for both hadron and electron machines are shown and their salient features and differences explained. A brief discussion of solenoid-decoupling brings Part 1 to a close. In Part 2 we discussed various utility sections. Dispersion suppressors are presented in detail discussing the principles as well as the practical implementation of flexible suppressors using LEP as an example. Injection schemes, both single-turn and multi-turn stacking, are presented in depth. The matching of wiggler and undulator insertions and a discussion of the impact of these devices on beam parameters closes out Part 2. C1 SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Wienands, U (reprint author), SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 54 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0034-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 592 BP 435 EP 493 PG 59 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BU49P UT WOS:000176147400021 ER PT S AU Yates, GJ McDonald, TE Bliss, DE Cameron, SM Greives, K Zutavern, FJ AF Yates, GJ McDonald, TE Bliss, DE Cameron, SM Greives, K Zutavern, FJ BE Walton, JS Frank, AM TI Near infrared (NIR) imaging techniques using lasers and nonlinear crystal optical parametric oscillator/amplifier (OPO/OPA) imaging and transferred electron (TE) photocathode image intensifiers SO HIGH-SPEED IMAGING AND SEQUENCE ANALYSIS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Speed Imaging and Sequence Analysis III CY JAN 22, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE transferred electron photocathode; wavelength conversion; nonlinear crystal; OPO/OPA AB Laboratory experiments utilizing different near-infrared (NIR) sensitive imaging techniques for LADAR range gated imaging at "eye-safe" wavelengths are presented. An OPO/OPA configuration incorporating a nonlinear crystal for wavelength conversion of 1.56 micron "probe" or "broadcast" laser light to 807 nm light by utilizing a second "pump" laser at 532 nm for gating and gain, was evaluated for sensitivity, resolution, and general image quality. These data are presented with similar test results obtained from an image intensifier based upon a "transferred electron" (TE) photocathode with high quantum efficiency (QE) in the 1-2 micron range, with a P-20 phosphor output screen. Data presented include range-gated imaging performance in a cloud chamber with varying optical attenuation of laser reflectance images. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yates, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3986-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4308 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1117/12.425000 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BS31V UT WOS:000169434600002 ER PT S AU Yates, GJ McDonald, TE Bliss, DE Cameron, SM Zutavern, FJ Zagarino, P AF Yates, GJ McDonald, TE Bliss, DE Cameron, SM Zutavern, FJ Zagarino, P BE Walton, JS Frank, AM TI Range-gated LADAR coherent imaging using parametric up-conversion of IR and NIR light for imaging with a visible-range fast-shuttered intensified digital CCD camera. SO HIGH-SPEED IMAGING AND SEQUENCE ANALYSIS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Speed Imaging and Sequence Analysis III CY JAN 22, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE range-gated imaging; eye-safe wavelengths; nonlinear crystal; MCPII; CCD camera AB Research is presented on infrared (IR) and near infrared (NIR) sensitive sensor technologies for use in a high speed shuttered/intensified digital video camera system for range-gated imaging at "eye-safe" wavelengths in the region of 1.5 microns. The study is based upon nonlinear crystals used for second harmonic generation (SHG) in optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) for conversion of NIR and IR laser light to visible range light for detection with generic S-20 photocathodes. The intensifiers are "stripline" geometry 18-mm diameter microchannel plate intensifiers (MCPIIs), designed by Los Alamos National Laboratory and manufactured by Philips Photonics. The MCPIIs are designed for fast optical shuttering with exposures in the 100-200 ps range, and are coupled to a fast readout CCD camera. Conversion efficiency and resolution for the wavelength conversion process are reported. Experimental set-ups for the wavelength shifting and the optical configurations for producing and transporting laser reflectance images are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Yates, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3986-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4308 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1117/12.425001 PG 9 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BS31V UT WOS:000169434600003 ER PT S AU Stringer, J Wright, IG AF Stringer, J Wright, IG BE Streiff, R Wright, IG Krutenat, RC Caillet, M Galerie, A TI The future for high temperature materials and coatings in the new millennium SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 5, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 22-26, 2000 CL LES EMBIEZ, FRANCE SP EPRI, CNRS, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Provence, CEFRACOR, SETARAM, EDF DE long-range materials planning; materials needs; road maps AB The planning of research has recently taken a new direction. Longer-range research needs are now being identified by a technique called 'Road Mapping'. This replaces the former division between short-range problem-directed evolutionary research and long-range more fundamental research determined by the inspiration of the individual investigator. The Road Map method attempts to identify long range scenarios - how the world will look in 2025, 2050 or 2100 - and determines what technologies will be critical in their attainment. This is done by first attempting to reach consensus among a group of people with different backgrounds, specializations, and interests; and the scenarios are movable, in the sense that as developments proceed, the visions may also change. Once the scenarios are identified, the technical barriers to their attainment can also be identified, and the dates by which each must be surmounted can also be estimated. These are called 'destinations'. This allows the research needed to be prioritized, in the sense that the nearer destinations should receive the most immediate attention - akin to a critical path analysis. Finally, this process allows the planning of research programs in the near term, of the order of the next five years. This approach is exciting, because it is the first method that allows long-range research planning to be done in a manner which allows the community to recognize its relevance. It also provides a tool that allows the termination of research programs that are not heading towards a critical destination. Roadmapping approaches are now widely used in the United States and Europe. Both EPRI and the U.S. Department of Energy have been conducting high-level Road Map studies related to the future of energy, and to some extent have identified relatively high-level destinations. The next stage, which looks at the challenges to individual enabling technologies, is just starting. In this paper, the main features of the current Road Maps relevant to power generation systems will be discussed, and some indications of the anticipated critical challenges for high-temperature materials will be given. C1 EPRI, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stringer, J (reprint author), EPRI, 3412 Hillview Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-877-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 369-3 BP 1 EP 22 PN 1&2 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BT27T UT WOS:000172513200001 ER PT S AU Hou, PY AF Hou, PY BE Streiff, R Wright, IG Krutenat, RC Caillet, M Galerie, A TI Impurity segregation to scale/alloy interfaces and its effect on interfacial properties SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 5, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 22-26, 2000 CL LES EMBIEZ, FRANCE SP EPRI, CNRS, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Provence, CEFRACOR, SETARAM, EDF DE alumina; oxide/metal interface; scale adhesion; segregation; sulfur ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; OXIDE SCALE ADHERENCE; SURFACE SEGREGATION; SULFUR SEGREGATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; METAL INTERFACE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ADHESION; ALLOY; LAYERS AB This paper summarizes experimental results on the chemical changes at Al(2)O(3)/alloy interfaces as a function of oxidation time, temperature and cooling rates. Surfaces of FeCrAl, FeAl and Fe(3)Al alloys after removal of the scale in ultra high vacuum were analyzed using an Auger microprobe. Sulfur was the only segregant on FeAl and Fe(3)Al, but C and Cr were also present on FeCrAl, where all of the C and some of the Cr segregated during cooling. The S content on FeCrAl built up quickly with oxidation time, reaching a saturation level with rates in accordance with sulfur diffusivity in the alloy. The final concentration on FeAl and Fe(3)Al was only half that of saturation. On Fe(3)Al, S strongly segregated upon initial oxidation; it then desegregated from the interface before slowly building up again to a constant level. The strong initial segregation, however, was not found on FeAl. These results indicate that segregation to oxide/metal interfaces closely resembles that to free surfaces and alloy grain boundaries, where interface microstructure and co-segregation effects dictate the final concentration. A unique feature on growing oxide/meal interfaces is that this concentration can change with time according to changes in interfacial structures as a result of scale growth. Preliminary results on scale spallation behaviors did not indicate a strong relationship between the amount of interfacial sulfur and the interface fracture resistance, whose strength was more heavily related to interfacial pore density. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hou, PY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 62-603, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 51 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-877-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 369-3 BP 23 EP 38 PN 1&2 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BT27T UT WOS:000172513200002 ER PT S AU Yang, JC Bhardwaj, MD Tropia, L Gibson, JM AF Yang, JC Bhardwaj, MD Tropia, L Gibson, JM BE Streiff, R Wright, IG Krutenat, RC Caillet, M Galerie, A TI The surface kinetics of the initial oxidation stages of copper as investigated by in situ ultra-high vacuum transmission electron microscopy SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 5, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 22-26, 2000 CL LES EMBIEZ, FRANCE SP EPRI, CNRS, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Provence, CEFRACOR, SETARAM, EDF DE copper; in situ; initial kinetics; oxidation; surface; transmission electron microscopy TEM; ultra-high vacuum; water vapor ID CU(001); GROWTH; CU2O AB We have investigated the initial stages of Cu(001) oxidation using in situ ultra-high vacuum (UHV) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) from 10(-5) torr O-2 to atmospheric pressures and temperature range from room temperature to 600 degreesC. The advantages of in situ TEM experiments include visualization of oxidation processes in real time and information on buried interfaces. We have previously demonstrated that the initial stages of copper oxidation in dry oxygen is a surface-limited process. To investigate the effect of oxidizing environments, we have examined the oxidation of Cu(001) with water vapor and noted the surprising reduction of copper oxides in contrast to thermochemical data. We are also modelling the nucleation to coalescence of the oxide scale using the Johnson-Mehi-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) equation and noted a qualitative agreement. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yang, JC (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RI Gibson, Murray/E-5855-2013 OI Gibson, Murray/0000-0002-0807-6224 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-877-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 369-3 BP 133 EP 140 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BT27T UT WOS:000172513200011 ER PT S AU Tortorelli, PF Pint, BA Kenik, EA More, KL Wright, IG AF Tortorelli, PF Pint, BA Kenik, EA More, KL Wright, IG BE Streiff, R Wright, IG Krutenat, RC Caillet, M Galerie, A TI Oxide defects and damage processes in iron-based alumina-formers SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 5, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 22-26, 2000 CL LES EMBIEZ, FRANCE SP EPRI, CNRS, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Provence, CEFRACOR, SETARAM, EDF DE alumina scale; damage processes; defects; iron-based alloy; stress ID OXIDATION; SCALES; SPALLATION AB In order to examine the nature of incipient defects and damage processes controlling the ultimate breakdown of protective alumina on iron-based alloys, the effects of thermal cycling on scale morphology and adherence were studied for 1200 degreesC exposures that were terminated before the onset of significant spallation. Optical imaging and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to compare oxide-metal cross sections from specimens of an oxide-dispersion-strengthened iron aluminide and FeCrAlY that were thermally cycled to those that were isothermally exposed for similar times at temperature. No significant differences in scale and metal-oxide interfacial morphologies/damage were found between the cyclically and isothermally exposed specimens of the respective compositions. These observations suggest that, at least in some cases, the nature of the ultimate scale failure is not set by early-stage oxide or interfacial defect development, but rather by chemical, diffusion, or stress processes affecting interfacial adhesion or by damage that only forms at longer times. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tortorelli, PF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-877-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 369-3 BP 337 EP 344 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BT27T UT WOS:000172513200036 ER PT S AU More, KL Tortorelli, PF Walker, LR AF More, KL Tortorelli, PF Walker, LR BE Streiff, R Wright, IG Krutenat, RC Caillet, M Galerie, A TI Effects of high water vapor pressures on the oxidation of SiC-based fiber-reinforced composites SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 5, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 22-26, 2000 CL LES EMBIEZ, FRANCE SP EPRI, CNRS, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Provence, CEFRACOR, SETARAM, EDF DE boron nitride; ceramics; composites; microstructures; silicon carbide; water vapor ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; BORON-NITRIDE; SILICON-CARBIDE AB The oxidation of SiC-fiber-reinforced SiC composites at high temperature (1200 degreesC) and elevated total water vapor pressures (up to 1.5 atm) was studied. Substantial degradation of SiC composites was observed under these exposure conditions, particularly when BN (used as a fiber coating) was a composite constituent. Besides accelerated SiC recession due to oxidation, the reactions of oxygen and H2O with boron and between boria and SiO2 led to extensive borosilicate glass formation as well as some volatile HxByOz products. The extent of these reactions and the rate of overall degradation were compared for different as-processed structures by exposing composites fabricated by processes such as chemical-vapor- and silicon melt-infiltration. Microstructural and compositional factors such as the amount of interconnected porosity and total boron content in the composite had important influences on the rate of degradation. Based on the present results, the overall oxidation behavior of the different composites at high water vapor pressures can be explained based on the concurrent surface reactions involving the formation of volatile reaction products, borosilicate glass, and silica. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP More, KL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tortorellipf@ornl.gov RI More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-877-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 369-3 BP 385 EP 393 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BT27T UT WOS:000172513200042 ER PT S AU Pint, BA More, KL Tortorelli, PF Porter, WD Wright, IG AF Pint, BA More, KL Tortorelli, PF Porter, WD Wright, IG BE Streiff, R Wright, IG Krutenat, RC Caillet, M Galerie, A TI Optimizing the imperfect oxidation performance of iron aluminides SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 5, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 22-26, 2000 CL LES EMBIEZ, FRANCE SP EPRI, CNRS, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Provence, CEFRACOR, SETARAM, EDF DE alumina scale; iron aluminide; reactive element; STEM; thermal expansion coefficient ID SCALE ADHESION; ALLOYS; SEGREGATION AB Iron aluminides (Fe(3)Al-based) are attractive corrosion-resistant, high temperature materials due to their excellent sulfidation resistance and large Al reservoir. However, at high temperatures (> 1000 degreesC) iron aluminides show excessive scale spallation compared to doped FeCrAl. This behavior is attributed to the inherently high coefficient of thermal expansion of these materials which results in higher cooling strains in the alumina scale. Although this problem cannot be corrected by minor alloying additions or impurity control, composition optimization can still be used to maximize performance. A multi-year effort has examined various reactive element additions and shown that optimized Hf doping (0.05 at.% Hf) provides the best observed oxidation performance at 1100-1200 degreesC. Hafnium lowers the scale growth rate by an order of magnitude compared to undoped Fe(3)Al, but does not improve the resistance to scale spallation. Possible mechanisms for the role of Hf on the scale growth rate are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,M-S 6156, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pintba@ornl.gov; tortorelli@ornl.gov; wrightig@ornl.gov; wrightig@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; Tortorelli, Peter/E-2433-2011; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 21 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-877-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 369-3 BP 411 EP 418 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BT27T UT WOS:000172513200045 ER PT S AU Smialek, JL Pint, BA AF Smialek, JL Pint, BA BE Streiff, R Wright, IG Krutenat, RC Caillet, M Galerie, A TI Optimizing scale adhesion on single crystal superalloys SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 5, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 22-26, 2000 CL LES EMBIEZ, FRANCE SP EPRI, CNRS, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Provence, CEFRACOR, SETARAM, EDF DE adhesion; Al2O3 scale; cyclic oxidation; reactive element; sulfur; superalloy ID SULFUR REMOVAL; SEGREGATION; ADHERENCE; ALUMINA; ALLOYS; BASE AB To improve scale adhesion, single crystal superalloys have been desulfurized to levels below 1 ppmw by hydrogen annealing. A transition to fully adherent behavior has been shown to occur at a sulfur level of about 0.2 ppmw, as demonstrated for PWA 1480, PWA 1484, and Rene N5 single crystal superalloys in 1100 degrees -1150 degreesC cyclic oxidation tests up to 2000 h. Small additions of yttrium (15 ppmw) also have been effective in producing adhesion for sulfur contents of about 5 ppmw. Thus the critical Y/S ratio required for adhesion was on the order of 3-to-1 by weight (1-to-1 atomic), in agreement with values estimated from solubility products for yttrium sulfides. While hydrogen annealing greatly improved an undoped alloy, yielding less than or equal to0.01 ppmw S, it also produced benefits for Y-doped alloys without measurably reducing the sulfur content. C1 NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Smialek, JL (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, 21000 Brookpk Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 17 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-877-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 369-3 BP 459 EP 466 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BT27T UT WOS:000172513200051 ER PT S AU Leyens, C Wright, IG Pint, BA AF Leyens, C Wright, IG Pint, BA BE Streiff, R Wright, IG Krutenat, RC Caillet, M Galerie, A TI Hot corrosion of nickel-base alloys by alkali-containing sulfate deposits SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 5, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 22-26, 2000 CL LES EMBIEZ, FRANCE SP EPRI, CNRS, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Provence, CEFRACOR, SETARAM, EDF DE biomass-derived fuels; hot corrosion; nickel aluminides; nickel-base alloys; thermal barrier coating AB In this study, a hot corrosion scenario relevant to biomass-derived fuel-fired advanced land-based gas turbines is considered. The testing procedures take account of the different corrosive species (low sulfur, potassium-rich salts) and transient salt deposition conditions expected. These differ from those typically used to simulate Type I hot corrosion. A simplified cyclic hot corrosion test was applied, subjecting (K,Na)SO(4)-coated, cast nickel-base alloys, nickel alumides and a model electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) thermal barrier coating (TBC) system to 1-h cycles at 950 degreesC in flowing oxygen. Contaminant flux rate, salt recoating frequency and deposit removal/retention are important parameters to be controlled during testing. Cr rather than Pt and other precious metals such as Ir, Pd and Ru improves hot corrosion resistance of cast nickel aluminides. Practical implications for TBC systems are that molten deposits will be expected to primarily affect the bond coat by hot corrosion attack rather than degrade the ceramic top coating, thus indicating that both oxidation- and hot corrosion-resistant bond coats are needed to enable sale TBC operation. C1 DLR, German Aerosp Ctr, Mat Res Inst, DE-51170 Cologne, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leyens, C (reprint author), DLR, German Aerosp Ctr, Mat Res Inst, DE-51170 Cologne, Germany. EM christoph.leyens@dlr.de; wrightig@ornl.gov; pintba@ornl.gov; wrightig@ornl.gov RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-877-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 369-3 BP 571 EP 578 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BT27T UT WOS:000172513200065 ER PT S AU Haynes, JA More, KL Pint, BA Wright, IG Cooley, K Zhang, Y AF Haynes, JA More, KL Pint, BA Wright, IG Cooley, K Zhang, Y BE Streiff, R Wright, IG Krutenat, RC Caillet, M Galerie, A TI Effects of platinum additions on the adherence of alumina scales to CVD aluminide bond coatings SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 5, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 22-26, 2000 CL LES EMBIEZ, FRANCE SP EPRI, CNRS, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Univ Provence, CEFRACOR, SETARAM, EDF DE aluminides; bond coatings; CVD; hafnium; oxidation; platinum; TBC ID OXIDE SCALE; OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; ADHESION; SEGREGATION; SUPERALLOY; IMPURITY; ELEMENTS; ENGINES; ALLOYS; AL2O3 AB It is well known that Al2O3 scale adherence to aluminide bond coats is enhanced by Pt alloying additions, however, the actual mechanisms of the Pt effect are not defined. Both NiAl and NiPtAl bond coats were fabricated on two types of single-crystal superalloys (de-sulfurized and nominal S content) by a high-purity chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Oxide scale adherence to CVD NiAl during thermal cycle testing to 1150 degreesC was dramatically improved by reducing both superalloy and coating S impurities. Platinum additions to CVD aluminides resulted in significant further improvements in scale adherence, especially on the higher-S superalloy. The most obvious manifestation of the Pt effect was elimination of large voids at the oxide-metal interface. Transmission electron microscopy of alpha -Al2O3 scales after isothermal exposure indicated internal void growth on both NiAl and NiPtAl, but scales on NiPtAl also contained Hf from the superalloy. These results further support previous observations that Pt mitigates the detrimental effect of S impurities by modifying the driving force to stabilize or accelerate void growth, although this may not be the only beneficial effect. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Walbar Met, Peabody, MA 01961 USA. RP Haynes, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-877-X J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 369-3 BP 679 EP 686 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BT27T UT WOS:000172513200078 ER PT J AU Rutberg, PG Safronov, AA Bratsev, AN Popov, VE Popov, SD Surov, AV Schegolev, VV Caplan, M AF Rutberg, PG Safronov, AA Bratsev, AN Popov, VE Popov, SD Surov, AV Schegolev, VV Caplan, M TI Plasma furnace for treatment of solid toxic wastes SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE plasma generator; plasma reactor; combustion; temperature; concentration AB Plasma furnace is intended for combustion and decontamination of solid toxic wastes with throughput up to 100 kg/h. It is a vertical cylindrical column (height is approximate to3 m, internal diameter is approximate to0.5 m) made of stainless steel. Its internal surface is made of fire brick. Three AC plasma generators with power of 30, 150, 150 kW are mounted on different height. Quencher for cooling of effluent gases is set at the top of the furnace. Temperature-sensitive elements are located in 4 points of the furnace. Data on preliminary tests of substances modeling solid waste combustion are represented. Flue gases samplings were taken for analysis during the experiment. C1 RAS, IPE, St Petersburg 191186, Russia. RNTs Appl Chem, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Rutberg, PG (reprint author), RAS, IPE, Dvortsovaya Nab 18, St Petersburg 191186, Russia. RI Popov, Victor/P-3294-2015; Surov, Alexander /P-4001-2015 OI Surov, Alexander /0000-0001-7151-3581 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 79 MADISON AVE, SUITE 1205, NEW YORK, NY 10016-7892 USA SN 1093-3611 J9 HIGH TEMP MATER P-US JI High Temp. Mater. Process PY 2001 VL 5 IS 1 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 444LE UT WOS:000169400300004 ER PT J AU Westfall, C AF Westfall, C TI Collaborating together: The stories of TPC, UA1, CDF, and CLAS SO HISTORICAL STUDIES IN THE PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laboratory History CY APR, 2001 CL NEWPORT NEWS, VA ID FERMILAB C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Westfall, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cwestfall@nscl.msu.edu NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS & DIGITAL PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 0890-9997 J9 HIST STUD PHYS BIOL JI Hist. Stud. Phys. Biol. Sci. PY 2001 VL 32 BP 163 EP 178 DI 10.1525/hsps.2001.32.1.163 PN 1 PG 16 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 525AL UT WOS:000174045000011 ER PT B AU Petrini, F Feng, WC Hoisie, A Coll, S Frachtenberg, E AF Petrini, F Feng, WC Hoisie, A Coll, S Frachtenberg, E GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI The Quadrics network (QsNet): High-performance clustering technology SO HOT INTERCONNECTS 9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Performance Interconnects CY AUG 22-24, 2001 CL STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Nortel Networks, Redswitch HO STANFORD UNIV DE performance evaluation; interconnection networks; user-level communication; InfiniBand; Linux; MPI AB The Quadrics interconnection network (QsNet) contributes two novel innovations to the field of highperformance interconnects: (1) integration of the virtual-address spaces of individual nodes into a single, global, virtual-address space and (2) network fault tolerance via link-level and end-to-end protocols that can detect faults and automatically re-transmit packets. QsNet achieves these feats by extending the native operating system in the nodes with a network operating system and specialized hardware support in the network interface. As these and other important features of QsNet can be found in the InfiniBand specification, QsNet can be viewed as a precursor to InfiniBand. In this paper, we present an initial performance evaluation of QsNet. We first describe the main hardware and software features of QsNet, followed by the results of benchmarks that we ran on our experimental, Intel-based, Linux cluster built around QsNet. Our initial analysis indicates that QsNet performs remarkably well, e.g., user-level latency under 2 ps and bandwidth over 300 MB/s. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Petrini, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Coll, Salvador/H-4413-2015 OI Coll, Salvador/0000-0002-7795-7252 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1357-3 PY 2001 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1109/HIS.2001.946704 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT40D UT WOS:000172900900019 ER PT J AU McGee, DR Pavel, M Cohen, PR AF McGee, DR Pavel, M Cohen, PR TI Context shifts: Extending the meanings of physical objects with language SO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION LA English DT Article AB The influence that language has on contextual interpretations cannot be ignored by computer systems that strive to be context aware. Rather, once systems are designed to perceive language and other forms of human action, these interpretative processes will of necessity be context dependent. As an example, we illustrate how people simply and naturally create new contexts by naming and referring. We then describe Rasa, a mixed-reality system that observes and understands how users in a military command post create such contexts as part of the process of maintaining situational awareness. In such environments, commander's maps are covered with Post-it(R) notes. These paper artifacts are contextually transformed to represent units in the field by the application of multimodal language. Rasa understands this language, thereby allowing paper-based tools to become the basis for digital interaction. Finally, we argue that architectures for such context-aware systems will need to be built to process the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty of human input in order to be effective. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Ctr Human Comp Commun, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. RP McGee, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, M-S K7-28,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 0737-0024 J9 HUM-COMPUT INTERACT JI Hum.-Comput. Interact. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 2-4 BP 351 EP 362 DI 10.1207/S15327051HCI16234_15 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 525AE UT WOS:000174044400015 ER PT J AU Brookes, AJ Kwok, PY White, PS Oefner, PJ AF Brookes, AJ Kwok, PY White, PS Oefner, PJ TI SNiPpets from the Third International Meeting on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Complex Genome Analysis, September 8-11, 2000, Taos, New Mexico, USA SO HUMAN MUTATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Karolinska Inst, Ctr Genom Res, Stockholm, Sweden. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Dept Biochem, Palo Alto, CA USA. RP Brookes, AJ (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Ctr Genom Res, Stockholm, Sweden. RI Kwok, Pui-Yan/F-7725-2014; Oefner, Peter/K-1116-2016 OI Kwok, Pui-Yan/0000-0002-5087-3059; Oefner, Peter/0000-0002-1499-3977 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1059-7794 EI 1098-1004 J9 HUM MUTAT JI Hum. Mutat. PY 2001 VL 17 IS 4 BP 241 EP 242 DI 10.1002/humu.19 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 417DN UT WOS:000167820300001 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, MC Amoretti, M Amsler, C Bendiscioli, G Bonomi, G Bouchta, A Bowe, P Carraro, C Charlton, M Collier, M Doser, M Filippini, V Fine, K Fontana, A Funakoshi, R Genova, P Grogler, D Hangst, JS Hayano, RS Higaki, H Holzscheiter, MH Joffrain, W Jorgensen, L Lagomarsino, V Landua, R Cesar, CL Lindelof, D Lodi-Rizzini, E Macri, M Madsen, N Manuzio, G Marchesotti, M Montagna, P Pruys, H Regenfus, C Riedler, P Rotondi, A Rouleau, G Salvini, P Testera, G Van der Werf, DP Variola, A Venturelli, L Watson, T Yamazaki, T Yamazaki, Y AF Fujiwara, MC Amoretti, M Amsler, C Bendiscioli, G Bonomi, G Bouchta, A Bowe, P Carraro, C Charlton, M Collier, M Doser, M Filippini, V Fine, K Fontana, A Funakoshi, R Genova, P Grogler, D Hangst, JS Hayano, RS Higaki, H Holzscheiter, MH Joffrain, W Jorgensen, L Lagomarsino, V Landua, R Cesar, CL Lindelof, D Lodi-Rizzini, E Macri, M Madsen, N Manuzio, G Marchesotti, M Montagna, P Pruys, H Regenfus, C Riedler, P Rotondi, A Rouleau, G Salvini, P Testera, G Van der Werf, DP Variola, A Venturelli, L Watson, T Yamazaki, T Yamazaki, Y CA ATHENA Collaboration TI Producing slow antihydrogen for a test of CPT symmetry with ATHENA SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International RIKEN Conference on Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Related Exotic Atoms CY APR 22-26, 2001 CL SHIMODA, JAPAN SP Inst Phys & Chem Res DE antiproton; positron; antihydrogen; Penning trap; CPT AB The ATHENA experiment at the Antiproton Decelerator facility at CERN aims at testing CPT symmetry with antihydrogen. An overview of the experiment, together with preliminary results of development towards the production of slow antihydrogen are reported. C1 Univ Tokyo, Tokyo J113, Japan. Univ Genoa, I-16126 Genoa, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Brescia, Italy. Univ Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Brescia, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Coll Swansea, Swansea, W Glam, Wales. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Fujiwara, MC (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Tokyo J113, Japan. RI Madsen, Niels/G-3548-2013; Jorgensen, Lars/B-8991-2012; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; Fontana, Andrea/I-4375-2012; Yamazaki, Yasunori/N-8018-2015; OI Madsen, Niels/0000-0002-7372-0784; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Fontana, Andrea/0000-0003-4718-5711; Yamazaki, Yasunori/0000-0001-5712-0853; van der Werf, Dirk/0000-0001-5436-5214; Rotondi, Alberto/0000-0003-1921-6808 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2001 VL 138 IS 1-4 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1023/A:1020819321506 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 619QB UT WOS:000179486600024 ER PT J AU Cohen, JS AF Cohen, JS TI Preliminary results for capture of negative muons and antiprotons by noble-gas atoms SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International RIKEN Conference on Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Related Exotic Atoms CY APR 22-26, 2001 CL SHIMODA, JAPAN SP Inst Phys & Chem Res DE negative muon; antiproton; pbar; Coulomb capture; noble gas ID FERMION MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; COULOMB-CAPTURE; HYDROGEN; NEON; PROBABILITIES; MIXTURES; NITROGEN; ARGON AB Cross sections for capture of negative muons (mu(-)) and antiprotons ((p) over bar) by helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon atoms (incomplete for the two heaviest noble-gas atoms) are calculated using the fermion molecular dynamics (FMD) method. These cross sections are used to estimate the capture ratios in mixtures, but these ratios are not precise since the total energy-loss cross sections have not yet been determined. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cohen, JS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2001 VL 138 IS 1-4 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1023/A:1020871305576 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 619QB UT WOS:000179486600025 ER PT J AU Marshall, GM Adamczak, A Bailey, JM Beveridge, JL Beer, GA Brewer, JH Bystritsky, VM Faifman, MP Forster, BM Fujiwara, MC Huber, TM Jacot-Guillarmod, R Kammel, P Kendall, KR Kherani, NP Kim, SK Knowles, PE Kunselman, AR Maier, M Markushin, VE Melezhik, VS Mason, GR Mulhauser, F Olin, A Petitjean, C Porcelli, TA Schaller, LA Stolupin, VA Zmeskal, J AF Marshall, GM Adamczak, A Bailey, JM Beveridge, JL Beer, GA Brewer, JH Bystritsky, VM Faifman, MP Forster, BM Fujiwara, MC Huber, TM Jacot-Guillarmod, R Kammel, P Kendall, KR Kherani, NP Kim, SK Knowles, PE Kunselman, AR Maier, M Markushin, VE Melezhik, VS Mason, GR Mulhauser, F Olin, A Petitjean, C Porcelli, TA Schaller, LA Stolupin, VA Zmeskal, J TI Advantages and limitations of solid layer experiments in muon catalyzed fusion SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International RIKEN Conference on Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Related Exotic Atoms CY APR 22-26, 2001 CL SHIMODA, JAPAN SP Inst Phys & Chem Res DE muon catalyzed fusion; muonic hydrogen; muonic atoms; solid hydrogen ID MOLECULAR FORMATION; RESONANT FORMATION; DEUTERIUM; HYDROGEN; TARGETS; VACUUM AB Since the discovery that muonic deuterium at energies near a few eV could travel distances of the order of 1 mm in condensed hydrogen, and in particular that muonic tritium and muonic deuterium could emerge from the surface of a solid hydrogen layer, the advantages of solid targets have enabled the study of several processes important in muon catalyzed fusion. A review of the results is presented, emphasizing the strengths and limitations of the use of solid hydrogen layer targets. C1 TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Chester Technol, Chester, Cheshire, England. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Kurchatov Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. Gustavus Adolphus Coll, St Peter, MN 56082 USA. Univ Fribourg, Dept Phys, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ontario Hydro, Mississauga, ON, Canada. Jeonbuk Natl Univ, Jeonju 560756, South Korea. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Austrian Acad Sci, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. EM Glen.Marshall@triumf.ca RI Melezhik, Vladimir/F-6260-2012; OI Brewer, Jesse H./0000-0002-8211-1235 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2001 VL 138 IS 1-4 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1023/A:1020835825140 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 619QB UT WOS:000179486600033 ER PT J AU Bom, VR Bradbury, JN Davies, JD Demin, AM Demin, DL Van Eijk, CWE Filchenkov, VV Golubkov, AN Grafov, NN Grebinnik, VG Grishechkin, SK Gritsaj, KI Klevtsov, VG Konin, AD Kukolkin, AA Medved, SV Nazarov, VA Perevozchikov, VV Ponomarev, AN Rozhkov, VY Rudenko, AI Sadetsky, SM Smirenin, YV Voropaev, NI Yukhimchuk, AA Yukhimchuk, SA Zinov, VG Zlatoustovskii, SV AF Bom, VR Bradbury, JN Davies, JD Demin, AM Demin, DL Van Eijk, CWE Filchenkov, VV Golubkov, AN Grafov, NN Grebinnik, VG Grishechkin, SK Gritsaj, KI Klevtsov, VG Konin, AD Kukolkin, AA Medved, SV Nazarov, VA Perevozchikov, VV Ponomarev, AN Rozhkov, VY Rudenko, AI Sadetsky, SM Smirenin, YV Voropaev, NI Yukhimchuk, AA Yukhimchuk, SA Zinov, VG Zlatoustovskii, SV TI Investigation of the parameters of muon-catalyzed fusion in double D/T mixture at high temperature and density SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International RIKEN Conference on Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Related Exotic Atoms CY APR 22-26, 2001 CL SHIMODA, JAPAN SP Inst Phys & Chem Res DE muon; fusion; cycling rate ID DT FUSION AB Experiments on the study of the muon catalyzed fusion (muCF) process in a double D/T mixture of hydrogen isotopes in the temperature range 300-800 K at densities 0.3-0.5 LHD are performed at the JINR phasotron. The values of the effective muCF parameters (cycling rate lambda(c), neutron yield Y-n, muon losses w) are obtained. Tentative dtmu-molecule formation rates on D-2 and DT molecules (lambda(dtmu-d) and lambda(dtmu-t)) are obtained for different mixture temperatures and densities. The results obtained show that lambda(dtmu-t) increases with temperature, but its value is smaller than theoretical predictions. C1 Delft Univ Technol, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. All Russian Inst Expt Phys RFNC VNIIEF, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607200, Nizhniy Novgoro, Russia. Dzhelepov Lab Nucl Problems, Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Kurchatov Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. RP Delft Univ Technol, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. RI Bom, Victor/C-5691-2008 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2001 VL 138 IS 1-4 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1023/A:1020887809210 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 619QB UT WOS:000179486600034 ER PT J AU Bom, VR Bradbury, JN Demin, DL Van Eijk, CWE Filchenkov, VV Grafov, NN Grebinnik, VG Gritsaj, KI Konin, AD Kuryakin, AV Nazarov, VA Perevozchikov, VV Rudenko, AI Sadetsky, SM Vinogradov, YA Yukhimchuk, AA Yukhimchuk, SA Zinov, VG Zlatoustovskii, SV AF Bom, VR Bradbury, JN Demin, DL Van Eijk, CWE Filchenkov, VV Grafov, NN Grebinnik, VG Gritsaj, KI Konin, AD Kuryakin, AV Nazarov, VA Perevozchikov, VV Rudenko, AI Sadetsky, SM Vinogradov, YA Yukhimchuk, AA Yukhimchuk, SA Zinov, VG Zlatoustovskii, SV TI Measurement of the temperature dependence of the dd mu-molecule formation rate in dense deuterium at temperatures 300-800 K SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International RIKEN Conference on Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Related Exotic Atoms CY APR 22-26, 2001 CL SHIMODA, JAPAN SP Inst Phys & Chem Res ID FUSION; SPIN AB Muon catalyzed fusion in deuterium was studied by the MCF collaboration at JINR phasotron. The measurements were carried out with a high-pressure deuterium target at the JINR phasotron in the temperature range 300-800 K at densities similar or equal to0.5 LHD. The first experimental results for ddmu-molecule formation rate lambda(ddmu) in the temperature range 400-800 K with deuterium density 0.5 LHD are presented. C1 Delft Univ Technol, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dzehelepov Lab Nucl Problems, Dubna 141980, Russia. All Russian Inst Expt Phys, Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Sarov 607200, Nizhniy Novgoro, Russia. St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. RP Delft Univ Technol, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. RI Bom, Victor/C-5691-2008 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2001 VL 138 IS 1-4 BP 313 EP 319 DI 10.1023/A:1020824917388 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 619QB UT WOS:000179486600049 ER PT J AU Voropaev, NI Balin, DV Breunlich, WH Case, T Crowe, KM Faifman, MP Gartner, B Hartmann, FJ Kammel, P Lauss, B Maev, EM Markushin, VE Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Schapkin, GN Semenchuk, GG Vorobyov, AA Zmeskal, J AF Voropaev, NI Balin, DV Breunlich, WH Case, T Crowe, KM Faifman, MP Gartner, B Hartmann, FJ Kammel, P Lauss, B Maev, EM Markushin, VE Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Schapkin, GN Semenchuk, GG Vorobyov, AA Zmeskal, J TI mu CF experiments in D-2 and HD gases - Final results SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International RIKEN Conference on Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Related Exotic Atoms CY APR 22-26, 2001 CL SHIMODA, JAPAN SP Inst Phys & Chem Res ID CATALYZED DD-FUSION; STICKING; CAPTURE AB During 1994-1996, a series of muCF experiments were performed at PSI by the PSI-PNPI-IMEP-LBNL-TUM collaboration. These experiments aimed at high-precision studies of the d-mu-d fusion in D-2 and HD gases in a wide temperature range. The Gatchina ionization time projection chamber has been used to detect the dd-fusion reaction products. The main parameters of the d-mu-d fusion have been measured with high absolute precision. In this report, we present the results of the final analysis of the experimental data. The obtained results are compared with the calculations based on a recent muCF-theory. C1 Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Inst Medium Energy Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tech Univ Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Kurchatov Inst, Russian Res Ctr, Moscow 123182, Russia. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2001 VL 138 IS 1-4 BP 331 EP 341 DI 10.1023/A:1020829018296 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 619QB UT WOS:000179486600051 ER PT J AU Takahashi, H AF Takahashi, H TI DT mu physics and its application SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International RIKEN Conference on Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Related Exotic Atoms CY APR 22-26, 2001 CL SHIMODA, JAPAN SP Inst Phys & Chem Res AB A high-intensity neutron source that is highly correlated spatially and with time and will be used for neutron scattering experiments can be obtained by dt m catalyzed fusion by enhancing the formation rate of dtmu molecules using a high-intensity pulsed laser to dtmu gas. This paper considers the use of dtmu fusion for fast ignition of inertial confinement fusion, and the possibility of ensuring energy balance in energy production. dt fusion can be quickly ignited by depositing dtmu fusion energy into a smaller space than is done in other methods, such as Z-pinch or heavy-ion fusion. Space propulsion can be obtained with a light fuel mass rather than by a fission repulsion system using the muons produced by annihilation of the anti-protons stored in liquid superfluid of condensed He. Using an extremely highly compressed target can create a source of high luminosity muons for muon-muon collider- and neutrino-oscillation experiments. This approach can eliminate the need for a super-conducting solenoidal for capturing the beam of pions and muons generated in a large target, and then these pions and muons can be manipulated by a laser beam instead of by employing RF manipulation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Takahashi, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2001 VL 138 IS 1-4 BP 365 EP 371 DI 10.1023/A:1020841705035 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 619QB UT WOS:000179486600055 ER PT J AU Kammel, P Andreev, VA Balin, DV Carey, RM Case, T Chitwood, DB Clayton, SM Crowe, KM Deutsch, J Debevec, PT Dick, PU Dijksman, A Egger, J Fahrni, D Fetisov, AA Freedman, SJ Ganzha, VA Gartner, B Govaerts, J Gray, FE Hartmann, FJ Herold, WD Hertzog, DW Jatsoura, VI Krivshich, AG Lauss, B Maev, EM Maev, OE Markushin, VE Onderwater, CJG Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Polly, CC Prieels, R Sadetsky, SM Schapkin, GN Schmidt, R Semenchuk, GG Soroka, M Vorobyov, AA Voropaev, NI AF Kammel, P Andreev, VA Balin, DV Carey, RM Case, T Chitwood, DB Clayton, SM Crowe, KM Deutsch, J Debevec, PT Dick, PU Dijksman, A Egger, J Fahrni, D Fetisov, AA Freedman, SJ Ganzha, VA Gartner, B Govaerts, J Gray, FE Hartmann, FJ Herold, WD Hertzog, DW Jatsoura, VI Krivshich, AG Lauss, B Maev, EM Maev, OE Markushin, VE Onderwater, CJG Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Polly, CC Prieels, R Sadetsky, SM Schapkin, GN Schmidt, R Semenchuk, GG Soroka, M Vorobyov, AA Voropaev, NI TI Precise measurement of muon capture on the proton SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International RIKEN Conference on Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Related Exotic Atoms CY APR 22-26, 2001 CL SHIMODA, JAPAN SP Inst Phys & Chem Res DE muon; capture; proton; pseudoscalar form factor; TPC ID PSEUDOSCALAR COUPLING-CONSTANT; HYDROGEN; HE-3 AB The aim of the muCap experiment is a 1% measurement of the singlet capture rate Lambda(S) for the basic electro-weak reaction mu + p --> n + nu(mu). This observable is sensitive to the weak form-factors of the nucleon, in particular to the induced pseudoscalar coupling constant g(p). It will provide a rigorous test of theoretical predictions based on the Standard Model and effective theories of QCD. The present method is based on high precision lifetime measurements of mu(-) in hydrogen gas and the comparison with the free mu(+) lifetime. The mu(-) experiment will be performed in ultra-clean, deuterium-depleted H-2 gas at 10 bar. Low density compared to liquid H-2 is chosen to avoid uncertainties due to ppmu formation. A time projection chamber acts as a pure hydrogen active target. It defines the muon stop position in 3D and detects rare background reactions. Decay electrons are tracked in cylindrical wire-chambers and a scintillator array covering 75% of 4pi. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Catholique Louvain, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Tech Univ Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany. RP Kammel, P (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Gray, Frederick/0000-0003-4073-8336 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2001 VL 138 IS 1-4 BP 435 EP 443 DI 10.1023/A:1020866310486 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 619QB UT WOS:000179486600066 ER PT J AU Maev, EM Andreev, VA Case, TA Crowe, KM Dick, PU Dijksman, A Egger, J Fahrni, D Fetisov, AA Ganzha, VA Hartmann, FJ Kammel, P Krivchitch, AG Maev, OE Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Prieels, R Sadetsky, SM Schapkin, GN Schmidt, R Semenchuk, GG Soroka, M Vorobyov, AA Voropaev, NI AF Maev, EM Andreev, VA Case, TA Crowe, KM Dick, PU Dijksman, A Egger, J Fahrni, D Fetisov, AA Ganzha, VA Hartmann, FJ Kammel, P Krivchitch, AG Maev, OE Petitjean, C Petrov, GE Prieels, R Sadetsky, SM Schapkin, GN Schmidt, R Semenchuk, GG Soroka, M Vorobyov, AA Voropaev, NI TI Development of a new experimental method for studies of muon capture in hydrogen SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International RIKEN Conference on Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Related Exotic Atoms CY APR 22-26, 2001 CL SHIMODA, JAPAN SP Inst Phys & Chem Res DE hydrogen; TPC; captire; muon AB A new experiment is under preparation with the aim to improve considerably the present knowledge of the rate Lambda(s), which should be measured on a level of 1% or better, for the basic electroweak capture reaction of a negative muon on the free proton mup(1s) --> n + nu(mu). The capture rate will be determined by measuring the lifetime of mu(-) stopped in ultra pure hydrogen at 10 bar pressure and comparing it with the lifetime of the unbound mu(+). A new experimental method was developed for this project which should allow measuring the mu(-) lifetime with at least 10 ppm precision. The basic element of the detector is operating in the hydrogen gas time projection chamber (TPC) surrounded by multi-wire proportional chambers (MWPCs) and scintillator counters. The arrival times and trajectories of the incoming muons and the outgoing decay electrons are measured with this device providing effective suppression of background. Using the TPC as an active target, we can monitor on-line the protium contamination by impurities with a sensitivity better than 10(-8). This can be done by detecting the charged products of the muon capture reaction on these impurities. It was demonstrated that the TPC and MWPCs can operate in pure hydrogen under 10 bar pressure providing gas gain up to 10 000. C1 Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Catholique Louvain, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Tech Univ Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Maev, EM (reprint author), Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2001 VL 138 IS 1-4 BP 451 EP 457 DI 10.1023/A:1020822628233 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 619QB UT WOS:000179486600068 ER PT J AU Nagatomo, T Matsuta, K Hashimoto, K Ota, M Arimura, K Minamisono, K Sumikama, T Ogura, M Iwakoshi, T Miyake, T Kudo, S Akutsu, K Minamisono, T Fukuda, M Mihara, M Momota, S Nojiri, Y Kitagawa, A Torikoshi, M Kanazawa, M Suda, M Hirai, M Symons, TJM Krebs, GF Alonso, JR Zhu, SY Zhu, JZ Xu, YJ AF Nagatomo, T Matsuta, K Hashimoto, K Ota, M Arimura, K Minamisono, K Sumikama, T Ogura, M Iwakoshi, T Miyake, T Kudo, S Akutsu, K Minamisono, T Fukuda, M Mihara, M Momota, S Nojiri, Y Kitagawa, A Torikoshi, M Kanazawa, M Suda, M Hirai, M Symons, TJM Krebs, GF Alonso, JR Zhu, SY Zhu, JZ Xu, YJ TI Nuclear spin alignment of B-12,B-13 produced in heavy ion collisions SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Hyperfine Interactions CY AUG 12-17, 2001 CL PARK CITY, UTAH DE projectile fragmentation; reaction mechanism; polarized nuclear beam; nuclear spin orientation; beta-NMR ID POLARIZATION; FRAGMENTS AB The nuclear spin alignments of the beta-emitting fragments B-12(I-pi = 1(+), T-1/2 = 20.2 ms) and B-13(I-pi = 3/2(-), T-1/2 = 17.4 ms) produced in the 100-MeV C-13, N-15 + Be-9 collisions respectively have been observed for the first time detecting asymmetric beta-ray emission from these nuclei. By means of the spin manipulation technique based on the hyperfine interaction of B isotopes in TiO2, both the polarization P and the alignment A were determined reliably. The obtained P and A were significantly smaller than the expectation from the kinematical model. From the fact that the quenching factors for P and A are almost the same, there may be some depolarization mechanism in the collision process itself. C1 Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Kochi Univ Technol, Kochi 7828502, Japan. NIRS, Chiba 2630024, Japan. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CIAE, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. RP Nagatomo, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2001 VL 136 BP 233 EP 237 DI 10.1023/A:1020554331850 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 602WU UT WOS:000178528100018 ER PT J AU L'Abbe, C Callens, R Odeurs, J AF L'Abbe, C Callens, R Odeurs, J TI Time-integrated synchrotron Mossbauer spectroscopy SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Mossbauer spectroscopy; hyperfine interactions; synchrotron radiation ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; QUANTUM BEATS; RADIATION; STATES; POLARIZER; ANALYZER AB A new hyperfine interaction technique, time-integrated synchrotron Mossbauer spectroscopy, is presented. This technique uses synchrotron radiation to measure hyperfine splittings of nuclear levels in the energy domain. A comprehensive theoretical description is given, several simulations are presented and some experimental results are discussed. Time-integrated synchrotron Mossbauer spectroscopy can open new perspectives, especially in the study of nuclear resonances that are not accessible with conventional Mossbauer spectroscopy or time-differential synchrotron Mossbauer spectroscopy. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern & Stralingsfys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP L'Abbe, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2001 VL 135 IS 1-4 BP 275 EP 294 DI 10.1023/A:1013938803115 PG 20 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 527DY UT WOS:000174172400015 ER PT J AU Alp, EE Sturhahn, W Toellner, TS AF Alp, EE Sturhahn, W Toellner, TS TI Lattice dynamics and inelastic nuclear resonant X-ray scattering SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE X-ray scattering; Mossbauer spectroscopy ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; THIN-FILMS; ABSORPTION AB Measurement of thermal and elastic properties of materials, like phonon density of states, specific heat or speed of sound, by a new X-ray scattering technique is presented. Inelastic nuclear resonant scattering of X-rays produced from new electron storage rings, coupled with advances in high-energy-resolution crystal optics and fast detectors has enabled the development of a new method of analyzing the energy loss in a scattering process with a resolution of 107 or better in the X-ray region of 6-30 keV. Some unique aspects like element (isotope) selectivity, the a-mount of material needed for analysis (nanograms) and physical size that X-rays can be focused (5 micrometer or better) favors this approach over more established techniques of neutron scattering, Mossbauer, and Raman spectroscopy. Applications to several unique cases (e.g., multilayers and high pressure) are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alp, EE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2001 VL 135 IS 1-4 BP 295 EP 310 DI 10.1023/A:1013987813473 PG 16 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 527DY UT WOS:000174172400016 ER PT J AU Funk, T Brewer, WD Kapoor, J Metz, A Riegel, D AF Funk, T Brewer, WD Kapoor, J Metz, A Riegel, D TI Experiments on the magnetism of Sc implanted into metals SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nuclear Methods in Magnetism (NMM 2000) CY AUG 02-04, 2000 CL RIO DE JANEIOR, BRAZIL SP FAPERJ, CNPq, SBF, CAPES DE local moments; magnetism; hyperfine interactions; NMR and relaxation ID SPIN-LATTICE-RELAXATION; INTERSTITIAL FE IMPURITIES; ISOMER-SHIFT; NUCLEAR ORIENTATION; HYPERFINE FIELDS; HOSTS; BEHAVIOR; IRON; IONS; SITES AB The study of dilute Sc impurities in either heavier d-transition metals or in alkali metal hosts is difficult due to their limited solubility; however, the large host-impurity mismatch in these systems makes them particularly interesting in terms of local electronic structure. One way to overcome the solubility problem is implantation into the desired host; in particular, using recoil implantation following heavy-ion nuclear reactions, deep implantation into practically any host can be achieved. Here, we compare the implantation of Sc-43 into Cs, studied in situ by the in-beam TDPAD method [1], with the implantation of Sc-44m into Fe, studied by low-temperature nuclear orientation (LTNO) and related techniques (NMRON, thermal cycling) [2]. C1 Free Univ Berlin, Fachbereich Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. RP Funk, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Brewer, William D./0000-0001-8994-4566 NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2001 VL 133 IS 1-4 BP 253 EP 267 DI 10.1023/A:1012210002195 PG 15 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 494QL UT WOS:000172296400035 ER PT J AU Davids, CN Woods, PJ Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Blumenthal, DJ Brown, LT Busse, BC Carpenter, MP Conticchio, LF Davinson, T Deboer, J Freeman, SJ Hamada, S Henderson, DJ Irvine, RJ Janssens, RVF Maier, HJ Muller, L Page, RD Penttila, HT Poli, GL Seweryniak, D Soramel, F Toth, KS Walters, WB Zimmerman, BE AF Davids, CN Woods, PJ Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Blumenthal, DJ Brown, LT Busse, BC Carpenter, MP Conticchio, LF Davinson, T Deboer, J Freeman, SJ Hamada, S Henderson, DJ Irvine, RJ Janssens, RVF Maier, HJ Muller, L Page, RD Penttila, HT Poli, GL Seweryniak, D Soramel, F Toth, KS Walters, WB Zimmerman, BE TI Masses and proton separation energies obtained from Q(alpha) and Q(p) measurements SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atomic Physics at Accelerators: Mass Spectrometry (APAC 2000) CY SEP 19-23, 2000 CL CARGESE, FRANCE DE alpha-decay; atomic mass; drip-line nuclides; nuclear binding energy; proton radioactivity; Q-values ID Z=82 SHELL CLOSURE; ISOTOPES; RADIOACTIVITY AB For many nuclei beyond the proton drip line in the Z > 72, N > 82 region,: both proton and a emission are energetically allowed. In the case of some proton emitters, there are a-decay chains emanating from both parent and daughter nuclei. This means that if the mass excess of one member of an a-decay chain is known, then the mass excesses for all members of both chains can be obtained. In addition, proton separation energies may be derived for nuclei in the a-decay chain of the proton emitter. The method of time- and space-correlations also allows the identification of isomeric states in these nuclei. As an example, a large number of mass excesses and proton separation energies for ground and metastable states have been derived from Q(alpha) and Q(p) values obtained from the proton emitters Ir-165,Ir-166,Ir-167, Au-171, Tl-177, and their daughters. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-8046 Garching, Germany. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 31911, Japan. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padove, I-35133 Padua, Italy. Univ Milan, Ist Fis Gen Applicata, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Univ Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-33100 Udine, Italy. RP Davids, CN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Freeman, Sean/B-1280-2010; Penttila, Heikki/A-4420-2013; Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Freeman, Sean/0000-0001-9773-4921; Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2001 VL 132 IS 1-4 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1023/A:1011941605006 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 492CC UT WOS:000172148900009 ER PT J AU Savard, G Barber, RC Boudreau, C Buchinger, F Caggiano, J Clark, J Crawford, JE Fukutani, H Gulick, S Hardy, JC Heinz, A Lee, JKP Moore, RB Sharma, KS Schwartz, J Seweryniak, D Sprouse, GD Vaz, J AF Savard, G Barber, RC Boudreau, C Buchinger, F Caggiano, J Clark, J Crawford, JE Fukutani, H Gulick, S Hardy, JC Heinz, A Lee, JKP Moore, RB Sharma, KS Schwartz, J Seweryniak, D Sprouse, GD Vaz, J TI The Canadian Penning Trap spectrometer at argonne SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atomic Physics at Accelerators: Mass Spectrometry (APAC 2000) CY SEP 19-23, 2000 CL CARGESE, FRANCE DE Penning trap; mass measurement; gas cell; RF cooler AB The Canadian Penning Trap (CPT) mass spectrometer is a device used for high-precision mass measurements on short-lived isotopes. It is located at the ATLAS superconducting heavy-ion linac facility where a novel injection system, the RIF gas cooler, allows fast reaction products to be decelerated, thermalized and bunched for rapid and efficient injection into the CPT. The CPT spectrometer and its injection system will be described in detail and its unique capabilities with respect to its initial physics program, concentrating on isotopes around the N=Z line with particular emphasis on isotopes of interest to low-energy tests of the electroweak interaction and the rp-process, will be highlighted. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Texas A&M Univ, Cyclotron Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Savard, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Crawford, John/A-3771-2012; Heinz, Andreas/E-3191-2014 NR 6 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2001 VL 132 IS 1-4 BP 223 EP 230 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 492CC UT WOS:000172148900019 ER PT J AU Maier, M Boudreau, C Buchinger, F Clark, JA Crawford, JE Dilling, J Fukutani, H Gulick, S Lee, JKP Moore, RB Savard, G Schwartz, J Sharma, KS AF Maier, M Boudreau, C Buchinger, F Clark, JA Crawford, JE Dilling, J Fukutani, H Gulick, S Lee, JKP Moore, RB Savard, G Schwartz, J Sharma, KS TI Stopping, trapping and cooling of radioactive fission fragments in an ion catcher device SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atomic Physics at Accelerators: Mass Spectrometry (APAC 2000) CY SEP 19-23, 2000 CL CARGESE, FRANCE DE stopping; trapping; cooling; Cf-252 fission fragments; ion catcher; gas-cell AB An ion catcher as presented in this contribution is able to create cooled and very clean singly-charged ion pulses out of a 'hot' beam within a very short period of time. Precision measurements on shortlived radioactive nuclides become possible. This contribution describes experiments with a Cf-252 fission source at the 'gas-cooler' at ATLAS (Argonne Tandem Linac Accelerating System) at the Argonne National Laboratories (ANL), Argonne, USA [1]. The system consists of a gas-cell to stop and thermalize the ions, two extraction radio frequency quadrupole structures (RFQ) to separate the ions from the buffer gas and a buncher RFQ to cool and accumulate the ions. The system and its performance is investigated with two independent measurements. The transported activity was measured to determine the efficiency of the system and time of flight measurements (TOF) were performed to determine the transported masses with respect to the transported activity. C1 GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RP Maier, M (reprint author), GSI Darmstadt, Planckstr 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Crawford, John/A-3771-2012 NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2001 VL 132 IS 1-4 BP 521 EP 525 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 492CC UT WOS:000172148900062 ER PT B AU Luce, R AF Luce, R BE Markham, JW Duda, AL TI Communicating science in the next generation: New implications for the evolving digital library SO IAMSLIC 2000: TIDES OF TECHNOLOGY SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MARINE SCIENCE LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION CENTERS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 26th Annual Conference of the International-Association-of-Aquatic-and-Marine-Science-Libraries-and-In formation-Centers CY SEP 30-OCT 05, 2000 CL VICTORIA, CANADA SP Int Assoc Aquat & Marine Sci Lib & Informat Ctr C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Res Lib, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC MARINE SCIENCE LIBRARIES & INFORMATION CENTER PI FORT PIERCE PA C/O HBOI LIBRARY, 5600 OLD DIXIE HWY, FORT PIERCE, FL 34946 USA J9 IAMSLIC CON PY 2001 BP 11 EP 11 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BS21F UT WOS:000169088200002 ER PT J AU Straatsma, TP McCammon, JA AF Straatsma, TP McCammon, JA TI Load balancing of molecular dynamics simulation with NWChem SO IBM SYSTEMS JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTED MEMORY MACHINES; COMPUTERS; PARALLELIZATION; CHEMISTRY; PROTEINS AB NWChem is a computational chemistry software suite developed for massively parallel computers in the W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory at the U.S. Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. This software integrates a range of modules for computational chemistry applications, including classical molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanical calculations. This contribution provides details of the classical molecular dynamics module and focuses on issues related to load balancing on massively parallel computers, in particular the ISM SPN and the Gray T3E (TM) as examples of distributed and shared memory massively parallel architectures. The implementation of the molecular dynamics module of NWChem is based on a domain decomposition of the chemical system, faking advantage of the distribution of data to reduce the memory requirements and the locality of intermolecular interactions to reduce the communication requirements. This approach results in a more complex implementation because of the requirement of periodic atomic reassignments and the need for sophisticated load-balancing techniques. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Theory Modeling & Simulat Directorate, Mol Sci Software Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Howard Hughes Med Inst, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Theory Modeling & Simulat Directorate, Mol Sci Software Grp, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM tp_straatsma@pnl.gov; jmccammon@ucsd.edu NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU IBM CORP PI ARMONK PA 1 NEW ORCHARD ROAD, ARMONK, NY 10504 USA SN 0018-8670 J9 IBM SYST J JI IBM Syst. J. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 2 BP 328 EP 341 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 440QV UT WOS:000169186500006 ER PT B AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, NSV BE Graham, P Maheswaran, M Eskicioglu, R TI NetLets: End-to-end QoS mechanisms for distributed computing over Internet using two-paths SO IC'2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERNET COMPUTING, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Internet Computing (IC 2001) CY JUN 25-28, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ, & Applicat Press, Int Technol Inst, Korea Informat Processing Soc, World Acad Sci Informat Technol, PACT Corp DE multiple paths; end-to-end delays; NetLets; quality of service AB We propose a two-path method based on delay-regression estimation to achieve low end-to-end delays for message transmissions in distributed computing applications. Our scheme is implemented over the Internet by a network of NetLets, which communicate with one another to maintain an accurate "state" of delay-regressions in the network. NetLets handle all network tasks at host processes and also perform routing at a certain level depending on the underlying network. We present experimental results to illustrate that NetLets provide a viable and practical means for distributed computing applications over the Internet. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-84-X PY 2001 BP 475 EP 478 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BT34W UT WOS:000172696600073 ER PT B AU Kelsey, RL AF Kelsey, RL BE Arabnia, HR TI XML-based representation SO IC-AI'2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, VOLS I-III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Artificial Intelligence CY JUN 25-28, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Appl Press, Int Technol Inst Korea Informat Processing Soc, World Acad Sci Informat Technol, PACT Corp DE knowledge representation; XML; object-based representation AB For focused applications with limited user and use application communities, XML can be the right choice for representation. It is easy to use, maintain, and extend and enjoys wide support in commercial and research sectors. When the knowledge and information to be represented is object-based and use of that knowledge and information is a high priority, then XML-based representation should be considered. This paper discusses some of the issues involved in using XML-based representation and presents an example application that successfully uses an XML-based representation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kelsey, RL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop F645, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-81-5 PY 2001 BP 1254 EP 1258 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BT75P UT WOS:000173960400193 ER PT B AU Allison, SW Beshears, DL Gadfort, T Bencic, T Eldridge, J Hollerman, WA Boudreaux, P AF Allison, SW Beshears, DL Gadfort, T Bencic, T Eldridge, J Hollerman, WA Boudreaux, P GP IEEE IEEE TI High temperature surface measurements using lifetime imaging of thermographic phosphors: Bonding tests SO ICIASF'01: 19TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON INSTRUMENTATION IN AEROSPACE SIMULATION FACILITIES, RECORD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities (ICIASF 01) CY AUG 27-30, 2001 CL NASA GLENN RES CTR, CLEVELAND, OH SP OAI, IEE HO NASA GLENN RES CTR AB Temperature-sensitive paint (TSP) comprised of thermally sensitive phosphor can provide a viable means for noncontact thermometry in wind tunnel and other aeropropulsion applications. Described here are recent results aimed at developing a phosphor and binder system that will cover a wide temperature range, ambient to 1000 C. The phosphor/binder mixture is to be sprayed directly on the surface with an airbrush. Whereas many surfaces are candidates for various uses, the present effort concerned silicon carbide, silicon nitride and silica substrates. Initial tests show that a phosphor mixture with two water-soluble materials, designated LK and HPC and manufactured by ZYP Inc., adhered well to these substrates. This same material was earlier shown to function well on a high strength nickel alloy.(1) C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Allison, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Allison, Stephen/0000-0002-5887-5403 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7022-8 PY 2001 BP 171 EP 176 DI 10.1109/ICIASF.2001.960248 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BT43F UT WOS:000172972700019 ER PT B AU Kasper, PH AF Kasper, PH CA MiniBooNE Collaboration BE Spooner, NJC Kudryavtsev, V TI MiniBooNE: Status and prospects SO IDENTIFICATION OF DARK MATTER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on the Identification of Dark Matter CY SEP 18-22, 2000 CL YORK, ENGLAND SP Particle Phys & Astron Res Council ID NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS AB The MiniBooNE experiment has been designed to unequivocally confirm or refute the neutrino oscillation signal reported by the LSND collaboration. The status of MiniBooNE's preparations is presented along with a summary of the experiment's prospects. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kasper, PH (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4602-1 PY 2001 BP 532 EP 537 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BT14G UT WOS:000172068400069 ER PT S AU Su, GJ McKeever, JW Samons, KS AF Su, GJ McKeever, JW Samons, KS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Modular PM motor drives for automotive traction applications SO IECON'01: 27TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE Industrial Electronics Society LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial-Electronics-Society CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 2001 CL DENVER, CO SP IEEE Ind Electr Soc, Soc Instrumentat & Control Engineers, Auburn Univ, Bradley Univ, Univ Colorado Denver, Univ Idaho, Univ Wyoming AB This paper presents modular permanent magnet (PM) motor drives for automotive traction applications. A partially modularized drive system consisting of a single PM motor and multiple inverters is described. The motor has multiple three-phase stator winding sets and each winding set is driven with a separate three-phase inverter module. A truly modularized inverter and motor configuration based on an axial-gap PM motor is then introduced, in which identical PM motor modules are mounted on a common shaft and each motor module is powered by a separate inverter module. The advantages of the modular approach for both inverter and motor include: 1) power rating scalability - one design meets different power requirements by simply stacking an adequate number of modules, thus avoiding redesigning and reducing the development cost, 2) increased fault tolerance, and 3) easy repairing. A prototype was constructed by using two inverters and an axial-gap PM motor with two sets of three-phase stator windings, and it is used to assist the diesel engine in a hybrid electric vehicle converted from a Chevrolet Suburban. The effect of different pulse-width-modulation strategies for both motoring and regenerative modes on current control is analyzed. Torque and regenerative control algorithms are implemented with a digital signal processor. Analytical and initial testing results are included in the paper. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Su, GJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM sugj@ornl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1553-572X BN 0-7803-7108-9 J9 IEEE IND ELEC PY 2001 BP 119 EP 124 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BV21V UT WOS:000178186000022 ER PT B AU Crossno, P Angel, E Munich, D AF Crossno, P Angel, E Munich, D BE Spencer, SN TI Case study: Visualizing ocean currents with color and dithering SO IEEE 2001 SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL AND LARGE-DATA VISUALIZATION AND GRAPHICS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Parallel and Large-Data Visualization and Graphics CY OCT 22-23, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Eurographics, ACM SIGGRAPH DE flow visualization; vector field visualization; color mapping; dithering; half-toning AB This case study presents several related approaches to visualizing flow information from large vector volumes generated by ocean circulation modeling. Flow vectors are mapped to colored pixels to enable global views of dense three-dimensional vector fields. Each of the approaches starts by classifying vector direction into a small number of colors. One approach then uses scaled linear interpolation to blend between adjacent directional colors. Two other approaches use half-toning and dithering methods to rapidly display flow information. By using opponent colors for our directional encoding, we can blend colors, either through linear interpolation or the user's visual system, into intermediate colors without expressly calculating them by a conversion to polar coordinates. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Crossno, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7223-9 PY 2001 BP 37 EP + DI 10.1109/PVGS.2001.964401 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT42Z UT WOS:000172972100004 ER PT B AU Moreland, K Wylie, B Pavlakos, C AF Moreland, K Wylie, B Pavlakos, C BE Spencer, SN TI Sort-last parallel rendering for viewing extremely large data sets on tile displays SO IEEE 2001 SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL AND LARGE-DATA VISUALIZATION AND GRAPHICS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Parallel and Large-Data Visualization and Graphics CY OCT 22-23, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Eurographics, ACM SIGGRAPH DE parallel rendering; sort-last; compositing; PC-cluster; tile display AB Due to the impressive price-performance of today's PC-based graphics accelerator cards, Sandia National Laboratories is attempting to use PC clusters to render extremely large data sets in interactive applications. This paper describes a sort-last parallel rendering system running on a PC cluster that is capable of rendering enormous amounts of geometry onto high-resolution tile displays by taking advantage of the spatial coherency that is inherent in our data. Furthermore, it is capable of scaling to larger sized input data or higher resolution displays by increasing the size of the cluster. Our prototype is now capable of rendering 120 million triangles per second on a 12 mega-pixel display. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kmorel@sandia.gov; bnwylie@sandia.gov; cjpavla@sandia.gov NR 24 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7223-9 PY 2001 BP 85 EP + DI 10.1109/PVGS.2001.964408 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT42Z UT WOS:000172972100011 ER PT B AU Meredith, J Ma, KL AF Meredith, J Ma, KL BE Spencer, SN TI Multiresolution view-dependent splat based volume rendering of large irregular data SO IEEE 2001 SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL AND LARGE-DATA VISUALIZATION AND GRAPHICS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Parallel and Large-Data Visualization and Graphics CY OCT 22-23, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Eurographics, ACM SIGGRAPH DE hardware-assisted rendering; irregular-grid data; lighting; multiresolution representation; splatting; volume rendering ID VISUALIZATION AB We present techniques for multiresolution approximation and hardware-assisted splat based rendering to achieve interactive volume visualization of large irregular data sets. We examine two methods of generating multiple resolutions of irregular volumetric grids and a data structure supporting the splatting approach for volume rendering. These techniques are implemented in combination with a view-dependent error based resolution selection to maintain accuracy at both low and high zoom levels. In addition, the error tolerance may be adjusted at run time to obtain the desired balance between high frame rates and accurate rendering. Along with an effective way to compute gradients for lighting, we offer an integrated solution for interactive volume rendering of irregular-mesh or meshless data, and we demonstrate our technique on unstructured-grid data sets from aerodynamic flow simulations. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM meredith6@llnl.gov; ma@cs.ucdavis.edu NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7223-9 PY 2001 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1109/PVGS.2001.964409 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT42Z UT WOS:000172972100012 ER PT B AU Raybourn, EM AF Raybourn, EM BE Okamoto, T Hartley, R Klus, JP TI The effects of simulation participation on the perception of threatening cultural dynamics in a collaborative virtual learning environment SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies CY AUG 06-08, 2001 CL UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON, MADISON, WI SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Learning Technol Task Force, Univ Wisconsin-Madison HO UNIV WISCONSIN MADISON AB Findings indicated that on the subject of power, participants in the computer-mediated, collaborative, intercultural DomeCityMOO simulation perceived its learning environment to be less threatening titan did those who participated in the face-to-face Ecotonos simulation. Additionally, participants in the DomeCityMOO simulation perceived its environment as better for learning about identity and power differences than participants in the face-to-face Ecotonos simulation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Concepts Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Raybourn, EM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Concepts Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1013-2 PY 2001 BP 151 EP 152 DI 10.1109/ICALT.2001.943885 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BT37Y UT WOS:000172812800048 ER PT B AU Petrini, F Coll, S Frachtenberg, E Hoisie, A AF Petrini, F Coll, S Frachtenberg, E Hoisie, A GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Hardware- and software-based collective communication on the Quadrics network SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NETWORK COMPUTING AND APPLICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA 2001) CY OCT 08-10, 2001 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP IEEE Comp Soc ID INTERCONNECTION NETWORKS AB The efficient implementation of collective communication patterns in a parallel machine is a challenging design effort, that requires the solution of many problems. In this paper we present an in-depth description of how the Quadrics network supports both hardware- and software-based collectives. We describe the main features of the two building blocks of this network, a network interface that can perform Zero-copy user-level communication and a wormhole routing switch. We also focus our attention on the routing and flow control algorithms. deadlock avoidance and on how the processing nodes are integrated in a global, virtual shared memory. Experimental results conducted on 64-node AlphaServer cluster indicate that the time to complete the hardware-based barrier synchronization on the whole network is as low as 6 ps, with very, good scalability. Good latency, and scalability are also achieved with the software-based synchronization, which takes about 15 Ms. With the broadcast, similar performance is achieved by the hardware- and software-based implementations, which can deliver messages of up to 256 bytes in 13 ps and can get a sustained asymptotic bandwidth of 288 Mbytes/sec on all the nodes. The hardware-based barrier is almost insensitive to the network congestion, with 93% of the synchronizations taking less than 20 ps when the network is flooded with a background traffic of unicast messages. On the other hand, the software-based implementation suffers from a significant performance degradation. With high load the hardware broadcast maintains a reasonably, good latency, delivering messages up to 2KB in 200 ps, while the software broadcast suffers from slightly higher latencies inherited from the synchronization mechanism. Both broadcast algorithms experience a significative performance degradation of the sustained bandwidth with large messages. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Petrini, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp & Computat Sci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Coll, Salvador/H-4413-2015 OI Coll, Salvador/0000-0002-7795-7252 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1432-4 PY 2001 BP 24 EP 35 DI 10.1109/NCA.2001.962513 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT22S UT WOS:000172335800005 ER PT J AU Bennett, CV Kolner, BH AF Bennett, CV Kolner, BH TI Aberrations in temporal imaging SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE dispersive propagation; frequency mixing; phase modulation; temporal imaging; time lens; ultrafast measurement; ultrafast pulse propagation ID CONVERSION TIME MICROSCOPE; UP-CONVERSION; PHASE; PULSES; MAGNIFICATION; COMPRESSION; MODULATION; DISPERSION; FIBERS; LENSES AB Recent advances in temporal imaging allow construction of systems that can expand or compress arbitrary waveforms in time, while maintaining the shape of their envelope profile with subpicosecond resolution. The process is analogous to imaging in space, with the quadratic spectral phase introduced by narrow-band dispersion performing the time-domain role of paraxial diffraction and quadratic temporal phase modulation acting as a time lens. Higher order phase terms in the dispersive networks and the time lens modulation introduce aberrations into the system. The effect each aberration has on the final temporal image varies depending on the system configuration and where the source is located in the system. A theoretical and experimental study of aberration effects is presented in this article. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Elect Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Bennett, CV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. RI Bennett, Corey/C-2403-2009 OI Bennett, Corey/0000-0003-4365-5739 NR 41 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 20 EP 32 DI 10.1109/3.892720 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 390UW UT WOS:000166316300003 ER PT J AU Patel, FD Honea, EC Speth, J Payne, SA Hutcheson, R Equall, R AF Patel, FD Honea, EC Speth, J Payne, SA Hutcheson, R Equall, R TI Laser demonstration of Yb3Al5O12 (YbAG) and materials properties of highly doped Yb : YAG SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE lasers; laser thermal factors; materials testing; solid lasers (solid-state lasers); spectroscopy; YAG lasers; ytterbium ID CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; SOLID-STATE LASERS; WAVE-GUIDE LASER; ND-YAG; MU-M; CRYSTALS; OPERATION; EFFICIENCY; ABSORPTION; GARNET AB We have demonstrated the first stoichiometric Yb3+ laser based on Yb3Al5O12 (YbAG), The laser operated in pulsed mode with a highest possible duty cycle of 85%. A slope efficiency of 27%, with respect to absorbed energy, was measured and the free-running lasing wavelength was 1048 nm for a 10% duty cycle. In a systematic analysis, measurements of spectroscopic and materials properties of (YbxY1-x)(3)Al5O12 for nominal x values of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.18, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 are reported. We also present a formalism to calculate the intrinsic fluorescence quantum efficiency (free of radiation trapping) and the fraction of reabsorbed light, based on measurements of the bulk and intrinsic emission lifetimes and the fractional thermal loading. Our best YbAG sample has an intrinsic lifetime of 0.664 ms at 94% quantum efficiency and a thermal conductivity at room temperature of 0.072 W/(cm-K). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sci Mat Corp, Bozeman, MT 59715 USA. RP Patel, FD (reprint author), Agilent Technol Inc, MS 26M-7, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NR 39 TC 173 Z9 178 U1 4 U2 37 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 135 EP 144 DI 10.1109/3.892735 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 390UW UT WOS:000166316300018 ER PT B AU Driessen, BJ Sadegh, N Kwok, KS AF Driessen, BJ Sadegh, N Kwok, KS GP IEEE IEEE TI Multi-input square iterative learning control with bounded inputs SO IEEE SOUTHEASTCON 2001: ENGINEERING THE FUTURE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE SoutheastCon 2001 CY MAR 30-APR 01, 2001 CL CLEMSON UNIV, CLEMSON, SC SP IEEE Reg 3, IEEE Piedmont Sect, IEEE South Carolina Council, FLUOR, KEMET, Electr Corp, Square D, Schlumberger, Bosch, IEEE Financial Advantage Program, Tektronix Co, MSFC Engn Directirate, Res Technol Dev HO CLEMSON UNIV DE iterative learning control; bounded inputs; Newton's method; convergence; multi-input ID SYSTEMS; ROBOTS AB In this paper we present a very simple modification of the iterative learning control algorithm of Arimoto et al [1] to the case where the inputs are bounded. The Jacobian condition presented in Avrachenkov [2] is specified instead of the usual condition specified by Arimoto et al [1]. (See also Moore [11].) In particular, the former is a condition for monotonicity in the distance to the solution instead of monotonicity in the output error. This observation allows for a simple extension of the methods of Arimoto et al [1] to the case of bounded inputs since the process of moving an input back to a bound if it exceeds it does not affect the contraction mapping property; in fact, the distance to the solution, if anything, can only decrease even further. The usual Jacobian error condition, on the other hand, is not sufficient to guarantee the chopping rule will converge to the solution, as proved herein. To the best of our knowledge, these facts have not been previously pointed out in the iterative learning control literature. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Driessen, BJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6748-0 PY 2001 BP 62 EP 64 DI 10.1109/SECON.2001.923088 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BS31L UT WOS:000169430300012 ER PT B AU Nowell, L Hetzler, E Tanasse, T AF Nowell, L Hetzler, E Tanasse, T BE Andrews, K Roth, S Wong, PC TI Change blindness in information visualization: A case study SO IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION VISUALIZATION 2001, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (INFOVIS 2001) CY OCT 22-23, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Visualizat Graph AB Change blindness occurs when people do not notice changes in visible elements Of 0 scene. If people use on information visualization system to compare document collection subsets partitioned by their time-stamps, change blindness makes it impossible for them to recognize even very major changes, let alone minor ones. Me describe theories from cognitive science that account for the change blindness phenomenon, as well as solutions developed for two visual analysis tools, a dot plot (SPIRE Galaxies) and landscape (ThemeView(TM)) visualizations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nowell, L (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1342-5 PY 2001 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1109/INFVIS.2001.963274 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BU32A UT WOS:000175680100003 ER PT B AU Davidson, GS Wylie, BN Boyack, KW AF Davidson, GS Wylie, BN Boyack, KW BE Andrews, K Roth, S Wong, PC TI Cluster stability and the use of noise in interpretation of clustering SO IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION VISUALIZATION 2001, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (INFOVIS 2001) CY OCT 22-23, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Visualizat Graph AB A clustering and ordination algorithm suitable for mining extremely large databases, including those produced by microarray expression studies, is described and analyzed for stability. Data from a yeast cell cycle experiment with 6000 genes and 18 experimental measurements per gene are used to test this algorithm under practical conditions. The process of assigning database objects to an X, Y coordinate, ordination, is shown to be stable with respect to random starting conditions, and with respect to minor perturbations in the starting similarity estimates. Careful analysis of the way clusters typically co-locate, versus the occasional large displacements under different starting conditions are shown to be useful in interpreting the data. This extra stability information is lost when only a single cluster is reported, which is currently the accepted practice. However, it is believed that the approaches presented here should become a standard part of best practices in analyzing computer clustering of large data collections. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Davidson, GS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Boyack, Kevin/0000-0001-7814-8951 NR 19 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1342-5 PY 2001 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1109/INFVIS.2001.963275 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BU32A UT WOS:000175680100004 ER PT B AU Havre, S Hetzler, E Perrine, K Jurrus, E Miller, N AF Havre, S Hetzler, E Perrine, K Jurrus, E Miller, N BE Andrews, K Roth, S Wong, PC TI Interactive visualization of multiple query results SO IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION VISUALIZATION 2001, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (INFOVIS 2001) CY OCT 22-23, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Visualizat Graph ID GRAPHICAL PERCEPTION AB This paper introduces a graphical method for visually, presenting and exploring the results of multiple queries simultaneously. This method allows a user to visually, compare multiple query, result sets, explore various combinations among the query, result sets, and identify, the "best" matches for combinations of multiple independent queries. This approach might also help users explore methods for progressively, improving queries by, visually, comparing the improvement in result sets. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Battelle Pacific NW Div, POB 99, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM susan.havre@pnl.gov; beth.hetzler@pnl.gov; kenneth.perrine@pnl.gov; elizabeth.jurrus@pnl.hov; millern@battelle.org NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1342-5 PY 2001 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1109/INFVIS.2001.963287 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BU32A UT WOS:000175680100015 ER PT B AU Greitzer, FL Hostick, CJ Rhoads, RE Keeney, M AF Greitzer, FL Hostick, CJ Rhoads, RE Keeney, M GP IEEE IEEE TI Determining how to do prognostics, and then determining what to do with it SO IEEE SYSTEMS READINESS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: 2001 IEEE AUTOTESTCON PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual AUTOTESTCON Conference CY AUG 20-23, 2001 CL VALLEY FORGE, PA SP IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Philadelphia Sect DE prognostics; US Army; cost/benefit; user requirements; operational architecture; logistics footprint AB Understanding how to do prognostics is rapidly evolving, but an area of study that is in its infancy is the development of doctrine regarding what to do with prognostic information. The US Army's Logistics Integration Agency has initiated a program to accelerate development and fielding of the hardware, information systems and business processes needed to seamlessly generate, transmit and use real-time, platform-based readiness data. This program is investigating how future logistics support concepts need to be adapted to fully exploit such data. This paper describes an approach that has been adopted by this program to facilitate the development of proactive business practices and logistics system architectures. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Greitzer, FL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7094-5 PY 2001 BP 780 EP 792 PG 13 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BT20K UT WOS:000172264000069 ER PT J AU Vilim, RB Garcia, HE Chen, FW AF Vilim, RB Garcia, HE Chen, FW TI An identification scheme combining first principle knowledge, neural networks, and the likelihood function SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE decision support systems; modeling; neural-network applications; process monitoring; signal processing ID MODELS AB An identification scheme is described for modeling uncertain systems, The method combines a physics-based model with a nonlinear mapping for capturing unmodeled physics and a statistical estimation procedure for quantifying any remaining process uncertainty, The technique has been used in predictive maintenance applications to detect operational changes of mechanical equipment by comparing the model output with the actual process output. Tests conducted on a peristaltic pump to detect incipient failure are described. The inclusion of unmodeled physics and a statistical representation of uncertainties results in lower false alarm and missed detection rates than other methods. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vilim, RB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1063-6536 J9 IEEE T CONTR SYST T JI IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 9 IS 1 BP 186 EP 199 DI 10.1109/87.896759 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 396GG UT WOS:000166627500021 ER PT J AU Muljadi, E Butterfield, CP AF Muljadi, E Butterfield, CP TI Pitch-controlled variable-speed wind turbine generation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 03-07, 1999 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA SP Ind Applicat Soc DE pitch controlled; renewable energy; variable speed; wind turbine generator AB This paper covers the operation of variable-speed wind turbines with pitch control, The system we considered is controlled to generate maximum energy while minimizing loads. The maximization of energy was only carried out on a static basis and only drive train loads were considered as a constraint. In low to medium wind speeds, the generator and the power converter control the sind turbine to capture maximum energy from the Rind, In the high-wind-speed regions, the wind turbine is controlled to maintain the aerodynamic power produced by the wind turbine. Two methods to adjust the aerodynamic power were investigated: pitch control and generator load control, both of which are employed to regulate the operation of the wind turbine. Our analysis and simulation show that the sind turbine can be operated at its optimum energy capture while minimizing the load on the wind turbine for a wide range of wind speeds. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Muljadi, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 261 Z9 280 U1 4 U2 30 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1 BP 240 EP 246 DI 10.1109/28.903156 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 403UR UT WOS:000167061300034 ER PT J AU Eick, SG Graves, TL Karr, AF Marron, JS Mockus, A AF Eick, SG Graves, TL Karr, AF Marron, JS Mockus, A TI Does code decay? Assessing the evidence from change management data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE software maintenance; metrics; statistical analysis; fault potential; span of changes; effort modeling ID SOFTWARE; VISUALIZATION AB A central feature of the evolution of large software systems is that change-which is necessary to add new functionality, accommodate new hardware, and repair faults-becomes increasingly difficult over time. In this paper, we approach this phenomenon, which we term code decay, scientifically and statistically. We define code decay and propose a number of measurements (code decay indices) on software and on the organizations that produce it, that serve as symptoms, risk factors, and predictors of decay. Using an unusually rich data set (the fifteen-plus year change history of the millions of lines of software for a telephone switching system), we find mixed, but on the whole persuasive, statistical evidence of code decay, which is corroborated by developers of the code. Suggestive indications that perfective maintenance can retard code decay are also discussed. C1 Bell Labs, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Inst Stat Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Eick, SG (reprint author), Bell Labs, 263 Shuman Blvd, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. NR 25 TC 188 Z9 189 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0098-5589 J9 IEEE T SOFTWARE ENG JI IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1109/32.895984 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 388YR UT WOS:000166211100001 ER PT J AU Hietala, SL Hietala, VM Brinker, CJ AF Hietala, SL Hietala, VM Brinker, CJ TI Dual SAW sensor technique for determining mass and modulus changes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTIVITY; DEVICES AB Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, which are sensitive to a variety of surface changes, have been widely used for chemical and physical sensing. The ability to control or compensate for the many surface forces has been instrumental in collecting valid data. In cases in which it is not possible to neglect certain effects, such as frequency drift with temperature, methods such as the "dual sensor" technique have been utilized. This paper describes a novel use of a dual sensor technique, using two sensor materials (quartz and GaAs) to separate out the contributions of mass and modulus of the frequency change during gas adsorption experiments. The large modulus change in the film calculated using this technique and predicted by the Gassmann equation provide a greater understanding of the challenges of SAW sensing. C1 Emcore PV, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. QDI, Placitas, NM 87043 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Emcore PV, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM susan_hietala@emcore.com NR 22 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 EI 1525-8955 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JAN PY 2001 VL 48 IS 1 BP 262 EP 267 DI 10.1109/58.896138 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 391MA UT WOS:000166358700027 PM 11367793 ER PT B AU Klein, GJ Reutter, BW Botvinick, EH Budinger, TF Huesman, RH AF Klein, GJ Reutter, BW Botvinick, EH Budinger, TF Huesman, RH BE Staib, L TI Fine-scale motion detection using intrinsic list mode PET information SO IEEE WORKSHOP ON MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis (MMBIA 2001) CY DEC 09-10, 2001 CL KAUAI, HI SP IEEE Tech Comm, Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence ID SPECT AB Motion during extended nuclear medicine scanning sequences can significantly degrade the quality of reconstructed images. Correction for this motion requires an accurate motion sensor. We describe a technique to detect motion in list mode positron emission tomography (PET) imagery that relies upon information from the list mode data stream itself. In studies where the tracer contrast to background contrast is high, the axial component of the center of mass (CM) for tomograph events can serve as an accurate indicator of motion. Because the method does not require reconstruction of images, it may be applied to motion detection at a very fine temporal scale. The technique has been applied to the detection of motion due to the respiratory cycle in cardiac PET imaging. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Klein, GJ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1336-0 PY 2001 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1109/MMBIA.2001.991701 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Mathematics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BT56V UT WOS:000173392800009 ER PT B AU Love, SP Davis, AB Winker, DM Cahalan, RF AF Love, SP Davis, AB Winker, DM Cahalan, RF GP IEEE IEEE TI First Retrievals of the physical thickness and optical depth of dense clouds with Off-Beam/Multiple-Scattering lidar SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES AB Cloud lidar data from NASA's Lidar-In-space Technology Experiment (LITE) mission and from LANL's new Wide-Angle Imaging Lidar (WAIL) prototype show that the multiple-scattering theory of off-beam lidar readily explains the observations, as long as internal stratification of cloud density is accounted for. At the same time, predictions for spatial and temporal statistics of the signals are used to infer the optical depth and the physical thickness of the clouds being probed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, NIS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Love, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, NIS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Cahalan, Robert/E-3462-2012 OI Cahalan, Robert/0000-0001-9724-1270 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 67 EP 71 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200021 ER PT B AU Brumby, SP Hirsch, KL Davis, AB Harvey, NR Rohde, CA AF Brumby, SP Hirsch, KL Davis, AB Harvey, NR Rohde, CA GP IEEE IEEE TI Genetic refinement of cloud-masking algorithms for the Multi-spectral Thermal Imager (MTI) SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES AB The Multi-spectral Thermal Imager (MTI) is a high-performance remote-sensing satellite designed, owned and operated by the U.S. Department of Energy, with a dual mission in environmental studies and in nonproliferation. It has enhanced spatial and radiometric resolutions and state-of-the-art calibration capabilities. This instrumental development puts a new burden on retrieval algorithm developers to pass this accuracy on to the inferred geophysical parameters. In particular, the atmospheric correction scheme assumes the intervening atmosphere will be modeled as a plane-parallel horizontally-homogeneous medium. A single dense-enough cloud in view of the ground target can easily offset reality from the calculations, hence the need for a reliable cloud-masking algorithm. Pixel-scale cloud detection relies on the simple facts that clouds are generally whiter, brighter, and colder than the ground below; spatially, dense clouds are generally large on some scale. This is a good basis for searching multispectral datacubes for cloud signatures. However, the resulting cloud mask can be very sensitive to the choice of thresholds in whiteness, brightness, temperature, and connectivity. We have used a genetic algorithm trained on (MODIS Airborne Simulator-based) simulated MTI data to design a cloud-mask. Its performance is compared quantitatively to hand-drawn training data and to the EOS/Terra MODIS cloud mask. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Brumby, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Mail Stop D436, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Rohde, Charles/A-9614-2011 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 1152 EP 1154 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200362 ER PT B AU Szymanski, JJ Atkins, W Balick, L Borel, CC Clodius, WB Christensen, W Davis, AB Echohawk, JC Galbraith, A Hirsch, K Krone, JB Little, C McLachlan, P Morrison, A Pollock, K Pope, P Novak, C Ramsey, K Riddle, E Rohde, C Roussel-Dupre, D Smith, BW Smith, K Starkovich, K Theiler, J Weber, P AF Szymanski, JJ Atkins, W Balick, L Borel, CC Clodius, WB Christensen, W Davis, AB Echohawk, JC Galbraith, A Hirsch, K Krone, JB Little, C McLachlan, P Morrison, A Pollock, K Pope, P Novak, C Ramsey, K Riddle, E Rohde, C Roussel-Dupre, D Smith, BW Smith, K Starkovich, K Theiler, J Weber, P GP IEEE IEEE TI Multispectral thermal imager science, data product and ground data processing - Overview SO IGARSS 2001: SCANNING THE PRESENT AND RESOLVING THE FUTURE, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV NEW S WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, CSA ASC, Off Naval Res, RSPAA, URSI HO UNIV NEW S WALES ID RETRIEVAL AB The mission of the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) satellite is to demonstrate the efficacy of highly accurate multispectral imaging for passive characterization of urban and industrial areas, as well as sites of environmental interest. The satellite makes top-of-atmosphere radiance measurements that are subsequently processed into estimates of surface properties such as vegetation health, temperatures, material composition and others. The system also provides simultaneous data for atmospheric characterization at high spatial resolution. To utilize these data the MTI science program has several coordinated components, including modeling, comprehensive ground-truth measurements, image acquisition planning, data processing and data analysis and interpretation. Algorithms have been developed to retrieve a multitude of physical quantities and these algorithms are integrated in a processing pipeline architecture that emphasizes automation, flexibility and programmability. This paper describes the MTI data products and ground processing, as well as the "how to" aspects of starting a data center from scratch. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Szymanski, JJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop C323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rohde, Charles/A-9614-2011 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7031-7 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2001 BP 1458 EP 1461 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BU88J UT WOS:000177297200463 ER PT S AU Theiler, J Frigo, J Gokhale, M Szymanski, JJ AF Theiler, J Frigo, J Gokhale, M Szymanski, JJ BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Co-design of software and hardware to implement remote sensing algorithms SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VII CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE co-design; configurable computing; field-programmable gate array (FPGA); k-means; endmembers ID QUANTIZATION CODEBOOK GENERATION; VECTOR QUANTIZER; ARCHITECTURE AB Both for offline searches through large data archives and for onboard computation at the sensor head, there is a growing need for ever-more rapid processing of remote sensing data. For many algorithms of use in remote sensing, the bulk of the processing takes place in an "inner loop" with a large number of simple operations. For these algorithms, dramatic speedups can often be obtained with specialized hardware. The difficulty and expense of digital design continues to limit applicability of this approach, but the development of new design tools is making this approach more feasible, and some notable successes have been reported. On the other hand, it is often the case that processing can also be accelerated by adopting a more sophisticated algorithm design. Unfortunately, a more sophisticated algorithm is much harder to implement in hardware, so these approaches are often at odds with each other. With careful planning, however, it is sometimes possible to combine software and hardware design in such a way that each complements the other, and the final implementation achieves speedup that would not have been possible with a hardware-only or a software-only solution. We will in particular discuss the co-design of software and hardware to achieve substantial speedup of algorithms for multispectral image segmentation and for endmember identification. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jt@lanl.gov; jfrigo@lanl.gov; maya@lanl.gov; szymanski@lanl.gov NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4194-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4480 BP 86 EP 99 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BU15D UT WOS:000175162000010 ER PT S AU Porter, R Gokhale, M Harvey, N Perkins, S Young, C AF Porter, R Gokhale, M Harvey, N Perkins, S Young, C BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Evolving a spatio-spectral network on reconfigurable computers for multi-spectral feature identification SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VII CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE field programmable gate array; reconfigurable computer; evolutionary algorithm; evolvable hardware; feature extraction; classification; feature identification; pattern recognition; multi-spectral ID DESIGN AB Feature identification attempts to find algorithms that can consistently separate a feature of interest from the background in the presence of noise and uncertain conditions. This paper describes the development of a high-throughput, reconfigurable computer based, feature identification system known as POOKA. POOKA is based on a novel spatio-spectral network, which can be optimized with an evolutionary algorithm on a problem-by-problem basis. The reconfigurable computer provides speed up in two places: 1) in the training environment to accelerate the computationally intensive search for new feature identification algorithms, and 2) in the application of trained networks to accelerate content based search in large multi-spectral image databases. The network is applied to several broad area features relevant to scene classification. The results are compared to those found with traditional remote sensing techniques as well as an advanced software system known as GENIE. The hardware efficiency and performance gains compared to software are also reported. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Porter, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,NIS-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4194-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4480 BP 108 EP 119 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BU15D UT WOS:000175162000012 ER PT S AU Brumby, SP Theiler, J Bloch, JJ Harvey, NR Perkins, S Szymanski, JJ Young, AC AF Brumby, SP Theiler, J Bloch, JJ Harvey, NR Perkins, S Szymanski, JJ Young, AC BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Evolving land cover classification algorithms for multi-spectral and multi-temporal imagery SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VII CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE feature extraction; genetic programming; supervised classification; K-means clustering; multi-spectral imagery; land cover; wildfire ID FOREST-FIRE DETECTION; GENETIC ALGORITHM AB The Cerro Grande/Los Alamos forest fire devastated over 43,000 acres (17,500 ha) of forested land, and destroyed over 200 structures in the town of Los Alamos and the adjoining Los Alamos National Laboratory. The need to measure the continuing impact of the fire on the local environment has led to the application of a number of remote sensing technologies. During and after the fire, remote-sensing data was acquired from a variety of aircraft- and satellite-based sensors, including Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+). We now report on the application of a machine learning technique to the automated classification of land cover using multi-spectral and multi-temporal imagery. We apply a hybrid genetic programming/supervised classification technique to evolve automatic feature extraction algorithms. We use a software package we have developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory, called GENIE, to carry out this evolution. We use multispectral imagery from the Landsat 7 ETM+ instrument from before and after the wildfire. Using an existing land cover classification based on a 1992 Landsat 5 TM scene for our training data, we evolve algorithms that distinguish a range of land cover categories, and an algorithm to mask out clouds and cloud shadows. We report preliminary results of combining individual classification results using a K-means clustering approach. The details of our evolved classification are compared to the manually produced land-cover classification. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brumby, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,Mail Stop D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4194-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4480 BP 120 EP 129 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BU15D UT WOS:000175162000013 ER PT S AU Borel, CC Clodius, WB Love, SP AF Borel, CC Clodius, WB Love, SP BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Calibration techniques for imaging FTIR data SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VII CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE Fourier transform infrared radiometer; hyperspectral infrared imaging; calibration; artifact removal ID IR AB Full utilization of hyper-spectral imagery in the thermal infrared region requires a high-quality calibration, and the calibration quality requirement increases with the power and sophistication of the retrieval algorithms to be employed. Here we examine calibration issues associated with an airborne imaging Michelson Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer operating in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) region. In addition to the fundamental challenge of extracting a weak signal of interest from a complex background, problems which arise in such an instrument include pointing jitter, detector non-linearity, sampling position errors and etalon effects within the focal plane array. In each case, a frequent, high-quality calibration can ameliorate these problems. We discuss several hyper-spectral data analysis techniques, and how our calibration strategy, incorporating both ground and on-board calibration systems, improves the sensitivity of the retrievals. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borel, CC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4194-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4480 BP 204 EP 215 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BU15D UT WOS:000175162000022 ER PT S AU Kao, CYJ Smith, WS Smith, BW Borel, CC AF Kao, CYJ Smith, WS Smith, BW Borel, CC BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Using state-of-the-art hydrodynamic models to generate synthetic data cubes for imaging spectral sensing applications SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VII CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE time-dependent hydrodynamic model; gas plumes; image simulation; synthetic data cube; infrared; EMISSA; FASTCODE; HIGRAD ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER-VAPOR; SIMULATIONS; ALGORITHM; LIDAR; FLUX AB An airborne IR hyperspectral imaging sensor based on the Fourier transform spectrometer technique has been used for studying atmospheric gaseous plumes under the auspice of US Department of Energy. Model generated synthetic data of spectral intensity associated with the plume and the surface background is useful in terms of performing trade studies as well as testing new algorithms. To cope with the highly turbulent and transient atmospheric boundary layer where plume emissions and evolution are embedded, we have used a high-resolution (at the scale of 1 m) time-dependent Navier-Stoke atmospheric hydrodynamic code, HIGRAD, to replace the Gaussian/multi-fractal approach in the original package of the Los Alamos End-to-End Modeling of Imaging Spectral Sensing Applications (EMISSA). The output from HIGRAD is then used for calculations of radiance reaching the sensor through the Fast Atmospheric Signature Code (FASCODE) with a spectral resolution of 1 cm(-1) or less. The modeled plume structure in concentrations and associated plume images in radiance bear great resemblance to the commonly observed phenomenology. The 3-D data cubes of spectral intensity are used to test a plume contrast model for its capability in quantifying the column densities of chemical species. The synthetic data produced through our approach proves to be effective in evaluating our understanding of the thermal infrared imaging process. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kao, CYJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4194-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4480 BP 216 EP 224 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BU15D UT WOS:000175162000023 ER PT S AU Villa-Aleman, E Kurzeja, RJ Pendergast, MM AF Villa-Aleman, E Kurzeja, RJ Pendergast, MM BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI MTI thermal bands calibration at Ivanpah Playa with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VII CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE MTI satellite; ground truth; multispectral imaging; FTIR AB The Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) is currently calibrating the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) satellite sponsored by the Department of Energy. The MTI imager is a research and development project with 15 wavebands in the 0.45-11.50 mum spectral range. The reflective bands of the MTI satellite are calibrated in desert playas such as Ivanpah Playa in the Nevada/California border. The five MTI thermal bands are calibrated with targets of known emissivity and temperature such as power plant heated lakes. In order to accomplish a full calibration at the desert playas, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was used to measure soil surface radiance and temperature during the satellite overpass. The results obtained with the mobile FTIR during the ground truth campaign at Ivanpah Playa will be presented. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Villa-Aleman, E (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Bldg 735A, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4194-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4480 BP 295 EP 306 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BU15D UT WOS:000175162000033 ER PT B AU Yano, K Horie, Y Greening, D AF Yano, K Horie, Y Greening, D BE Chiba, A Tanimura, S Hokamoto, K TI A unifying framework of hot spots for energetic materials SO IMPACT ENGINEERING AND APPLICATION, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Impact Engineering CY JUL 16-18, 2001 CL KUMAMOTO, JAPAN SP Kumamoto Univ, Shock Wave & Condensed Matter Res Ctr, Kumamoto Univ, Fac Engn, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Mat Sci, Japan Soc Technol Plast, Japan Explos Soc, Commemorat Assoc Japan World Exposit, Minist Educ Culture Sports Sci & Technol, Kumamoto Int Convent Bureau DE explosive materials; hot-spot ignition; unifying framework ID CONDENSED-PHASE; EXPLOSIVES; IGNITION AB A one dimensional model of hot-spots is proposed to consider various regimes of ignition scenarios using a common platform. The model contains the most advanced features of spherical void collapse models. They include: viscoplastic heating, phase change, gas phase heating, finite-rate chemical reactions, and heat transfer between the locally heated zone and the surrounding mass. Test calculations, based so far on cyclonite (RDX) data, show that the model behavior is comparable to that of spherical void collapse model under shock loading condition. Results also show that chemical initiation under various mechanical excitation as well as thermal heating can be understood in a unified fashion; the initiation thresholds are summarized in terms of total energy deposited to the hot-spot, size of the hot-spot, and the rate of the energy deposition. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yano, K (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043968-3 PY 2001 BP 201 EP 206 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BV14E UT WOS:000177934200030 ER PT S AU Solomon, OM Larson, DR Paulter, NG AF Solomon, OM Larson, DR Paulter, NG GP IEEE IEEE TI Comparison of some algorithms to estimate the low and high state level of pulses SO IMTC/2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 18TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: REDISCOVERING MEASUREMENT IN THE AGE OF INFORMATICS SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC/2001) CY MAY 21-23, 2001 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP IEEE Instrument & Measurement Soc, Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Int Measurement Confederat (IMEKO) AB The Subcommittee on Pulse Techniques (SCOPT) of the Instrumentation and Measurement Society is developing a new standard for pulse analysis. All of the authors serve on the committee. Former members of SCOPT wrote references [1] to [4]; however, references [1] and [2] are no longer available. Our committee is re-writing references [1] to [4]. Currently we are working on the estimation of the low and high state levels of pulses. Since the waveforms considered contain two states, the terms "low state" and "high state" may be used interchangeably with the terms "state 1" and "state 2," respectively. The estimation of other pulse parameters, such as pulse amplitude, transition duration (rise and fall time), overshoot and undershoot, pulse duration or width, and settling parameters, depend on the estimate of the levels for the low and high states. So, these algorithms are the foundation for the proper estimation of pulse parameters. Some other names for the low and high state levels of pulses are "base magnitude" and "top magnitude" [1,3], as well as "base-line", "bottom line" and "top-line". References [2] and [4] describe algorithms for estimating the magnitude of the state 1 and state 2 levels that are based on histograms of the pulse waveform. However, the algorithms leave many choices to the user. Due to these user choices, different results can be obtained for the state 1 and state 2 levels that are all compliant with the standard. In this paper, we compare the results of several different algorithms. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Solomon, OM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-6646-8 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2001 BP 96 EP 101 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BT30J UT WOS:000172550900017 ER PT S AU Wunsch, TF Manginell, RP Solomon, OM Kinard, JR Lipe, TE Jungling, KC AF Wunsch, TF Manginell, RP Solomon, OM Kinard, JR Lipe, TE Jungling, KC GP IEEE IEEE TI Evaluation of coaxial single range thermal voltage converters with multijunction thin-film thermoelements SO IMTC/2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 18TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: REDISCOVERING MEASUREMENT IN THE AGE OF INFORMATICS SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC/2001) CY MAY 21-23, 2001 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP IEEE Instrument & Measurement Soc, Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Int Measurement Confederat (IMEKO) AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology and Sandia National Laboratories are developing new thin-film multijunction thermal converters (MJTC) for use as standards of ac-dc difference. Elements of the fabrication process allow control of various features of the device affecting the optimal configuration (e.g. thermal time constant, heater resistance, etc...). A negative ac-dc transfer difference, caused by a capacitive coupling of ac signal to the silicon obelisk, is observed in devices with a silicon obelisk at high-frequency. A circuit model illustrates the dependence of this difference on the substrate resistivity. Devices that are assembled in a coaxially mounted single-range thermal voltage converter configuration are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wunsch, TF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-6646-8 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2001 BP 449 EP 452 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BT30J UT WOS:000172550900081 ER PT S AU Hogden, J Valdez, P AF Hogden, J Valdez, P GP IEEE IEEE TI A stochastic articulatory-to-acoustic mapping as a basis for speech recognition SO IMTC/2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 18TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: REDISCOVERING MEASUREMENT IN THE AGE OF INFORMATICS SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC/2001) CY MAY 21-23, 2001 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP IEEE Instrument & Measurement Soc, Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Int Measurement Confederat (IMEKO) DE speech recognition; MALCOM; inverse-mapping AB Hidden Markov models (HMMs) of speech acoustics are the current state-of-the-art in speech recognition, but these models bear little resemblance to the processes underlying speech production. In this paper we describe two stochastic models of speech production: Maximum Likelihood Continuity Mapping (MALCOM) and Conditional Observable Maximum Likelihood Continuity Mapping (CO-MALCOM). The main component of these models is a stochastic mapping between speech acoustics and speech articulation. Perhaps surprisingly, the parameters of the stochastic mapping can he found using only acoustic data. We discuss theoretical and experimental reasons to believe that MALCOM and CO-MALCOM learn a stochastic mapping between articulator positions and speech acoustics. CO-MALCOM can be combined with standard recognition algorithms to do speech recognition based on a production model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp CCS3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hogden, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp CCS3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-6646-8 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2001 BP 1105 EP 1110 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BT30J UT WOS:000172550900212 ER PT S AU Holzrichter, JF Ng, LC AF Holzrichter, JF Ng, LC GP IEEE IEEE TI Speech articulator and user gesture measurements using micropower, interferometric EM-Sensors SO IMTC/2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 18TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3: REDISCOVERING MEASUREMENT IN THE AGE OF INFORMATICS SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (IMTC/2001) CY MAY 21-23, 2001 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP IEEE Instrument & Measurement Soc, Budapest Univ Technol & Econ, Int Measurement Confederat (IMEKO) DE radar; microwaves; speech; coding; microphones AB Very low power, GHz frequencyradar-like sensors can measure a variety of motions produced by a human user of machine interface devices. These data can be obtainedat a distance and can measure hidden structures. Measurements range from acoustic induced, 10-micron amplitude vibrations of vocal tract tissues, to few centimeter human speech articulator motions, to meter-class motions of the head, hands, or entire body. These EM sensors measure fringe motions as reflected EM waves are mixed with a local (homodyne) reference wave. These data, when processed using models of the system being measured, provide real time states of interface positions or other targets vs. time. An example is speech articulator positions vs. time in the users body. This information appears to be useful for a surprisingly wide range of applications ranging from speech coding synthesis and recognition, speaker or object identification, noise can cellation, hand or head motions for cursor direction, and other applications. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Holzrichter, JF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-6646-8 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2001 BP 1942 EP 1946 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BT30J UT WOS:000172550900360 ER PT S AU Stein, DJ Hetherington, DL AF Stein, DJ Hetherington, DL BE Kissinger, G Weiland, LH TI Recent advances in endpoint and in-line monitoring techniques for chemical-mechanical polishing processes SO IN-LINE CHARACTERIZATION, YIELD, RELIABILITY, AND FAILURE ANALYSIS IN MICROELECTRONIC MANUFACTURING II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In-Line Characterization, Yield, Reliability, and Failure Analysis in Microelectronic Manufacturing II CY MAY 31-JUN 01, 2001 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP SPIE, Scottish Enterprise, European Opt Soc, Inst Elect Engineers ID END-POINT DETECTION; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENT; CMP; PLANARIZATION; TECHNOLOGY; WAFERS AB We present a summary of the recent advances in endpoint and in-line monitoring techniques for chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) processes. We discuss the technical challenges and review some of the approaches that have been published and/or patented. These methods include optical, thermal (pad temperature), friction (torque motor current), electrochemical, chemical, electrical, and acoustic (vibration). We also present experimental data obtained in our laboratory using selected endpoint methods for metal and oxide CMP. In-line monitoring and automatic endpoint of chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) offers many manufacturing advantages such as improved process yields, reduced product variability, closer conformance to target requirements, and higher throughput. There are many potential payoffs however in-Ene monitoring and automatic endpoint is difficult to implement due to the nature of the CMP process. Ideally, output specifications such as final planarity, film thickness, and defectivity would be monitored directly in real time. There are a number of technical issues associated with equipment design, sensor performance, rotating machinery, and the harsh slurry environment. Currently, on-line metrology equipment that is integrated into the polishing tool is an attractive option for improving throughput while maintaining good quality control. The intent of this paper is to focus on in-line monitoring techniques that occur within the polish cycle. For an earlier review on endpoint detection for CMP see Bibby, et al. [1], and Hetherington, et al. [2]. For reference, we have summarized a current list of relevant U.S. patents on in-line monitoring and endpoint techniques for CMP given in Table I at the end of this paper. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4107-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4406 BP 157 EP 170 DI 10.1117/12.425261 PG 14 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BS89W UT WOS:000171335700019 ER PT S AU Kurtz, SR Sieg, RM Allerman, AA Choquette, KD Naone, RL AF Kurtz, SR Sieg, RM Allerman, AA Choquette, KD Naone, RL BE Maust, LJ Martinelli, RU TI MOCVD-grown, 1.3 mu m InGaAsN multiple quantum well lasers incorporating GaAsP strain-compensation layers SO IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers V CY JAN 22-23, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE lasers; strain-compensation; metal-organic chemical vapor deposition ID WAVELENGTH SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS; BAND-GAP; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; OPERATION; GAINNAS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AB InxGa1-xAst-yNy quaternary alloys offer the promise of longer wavelength, greater than or equal to 1.3 pm optical transceivers grown on GaAs substrates. To achieve, acceptable radiative efficiencies at 1.3 pm, highly-strained InGaAsN quantum wells (x approximate to 0.4, y approximate to 0.005) are being developed as laser active regions. By introducing GaAsP layers into the active region for strain-compensation, gain can be increased using multiple InGaAsN quantum wells. In this work, we report the first strain-compensated, 1.3 pm InGaAsN MQW lasers, Our devices were grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. Lasers with InGaAsN quantum well active regions are proving superior to lasers constructed with competing active region materials. Under pulsed operation, our 1.3 pm InGaAsN lasers displayed negligible blue-shift from the low-injection LED emission, and state-of-the-art characteristic temperature (159 K) was obtained for a 1.3 mum laser. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kurtz, SR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3965-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4287 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1117/12.429798 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BS69Z UT WOS:000170897900022 ER PT S AU Beeman, JW Haller, EE AF Beeman, JW Haller, EE BE Strojnik, M Andresen, BF TI Far-infrared calibration sources for use in cryogenic telescopes SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing Conference CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA, Langley Res Ctr DE infrared detector calibration; infrared source ID BOLOMETERS AB Infrared calibration sources (emitters) have been built using a "reverse bolometer" approach. A NiCr thin film is deposited on a thin sapphire chip, forming a robust, resistive heater with high emissivity. The heater is suspended within a metal ring using nylon fibers, and electrically connected with low thermal conductivity wires. Finished devices may be mounted directly on a cryostat work surface and provide a wide range of greybody output (nominally 10K to 300K) with minimal power dissipation to the cold bath. Under typical operating conditions, a 40K equivalent blackbody output can be obtained with 1 to 2 mW electrical input power. The time constant varies according to type of device and specified temperature, but ranges from 100 ms to seconds. Accelerated lifetime tests show output repeatability to within 0.8% throughout 94,000 cycles from 4.2 K to 60K. The devices have survived shake testing at cryogenic temperatures and will be used for in-flight array calibration in the Multiband Imaging Photometer for SIRTF (MIPS) instrument, a part of the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Natl Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Beeman, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Natl Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4200-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4486 BP 209 EP 218 AR UNSP 4486-24 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BU15K UT WOS:000175162700024 ER PT S AU Pancerella, CM Berry, NM AF Pancerella, CM Berry, NM BE Wagner, T Rana, O TI A layered agent template for enterprise computing SO INFRASTRUCTURE FOR AGENTS, MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS, AND SCALABLE MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Infrastructure for Scalable Multi-Agent Systems CY JUN 03-07, 2000 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN AB The development of agent systems based on layered agent templates has expanded the development and deployment of agent applications. We are developing an agent template to support the integration of a wide range of enterprise applications. In particular, we are targeting existing enterprises, such that agents can manage enterprise resources and reason across these resources. This agent template has five functional layers. Software developers can plug-and-play layers and customize features in each layer. We have discovered infrastructure requirements and design issues for employing layered agent designs into existing enterprises. In this brief paper we describe some requirements of our agent template. In general, we believe these same issues are relevant to system designers who are building multi-agent systems for use in large scale enterprise computing. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Pancerella, CM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9012, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42315-X J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2001 VL 1887 BP 188 EP 191 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU08N UT WOS:000174950300019 ER PT S AU Pouchard, L Walker, DW AF Pouchard, L Walker, DW BE Wagner, T Rana, O TI A community of agents for user support in a problem-solving environment SO INFRASTRUCTURE FOR AGENTS, MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS, AND SCALABLE MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Infrastructure for Scalable Multi-Agent Systems CY JUN 03-07, 2000 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN AB A community of agent system is proposed for administration and control of remote instrumentation in the Materials Microcharacterization Collaboratory (MMC). The MMC is a joint-project between national laboratories, academia and industrial collaborators in the US. The community of agents makes use of software agents for user authorization and authentication, training, scheduling instrumentation, and responding to user queries. A methodology providing for agent responsibilities and an interaction model is being used. Scalability issues discussed include raising the number of instruments and of users in the system. The authorization and authentication agent creates a bottleneck. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pouchard, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Walker, David/B-7978-2010; OI Walker, David/0000-0002-1360-6330 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42315-X J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2001 VL 1887 BP 192 EP 198 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU08N UT WOS:000174950300020 ER PT J AU Snyder, R Rodgers, G AF Snyder, R Rodgers, G CA Acute Exposure Guidelines Levels TI Aniline SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGES; FISCHER 344 RAT; BONE-MARROW; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS; ORTHO-TOLUIDINE; ASSAY; TOXICITY; HYDROCHLORIDE; CELLS; RESPONSES C1 Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Snyder, R (reprint author), Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2001 VL 13 SU 1 BP 7 EP 42 PG 36 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 503LW UT WOS:000172800800003 ER PT J AU Thomas, R Young, R AF Thomas, R Young, R CA Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TI Arsine SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EXPOSURE; MICE; TOXICITY; GAS; RATS C1 Int Ctr Environm Technol, Mclean, VA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Thomas, R (reprint author), Int Ctr Environm Technol, Mclean, VA USA. NR 65 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2001 VL 13 SU 1 BP 43 EP 77 PG 35 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 503LW UT WOS:000172800800004 ER PT J AU Thomas, R Young, R AF Thomas, R Young, R CA Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TI Monomethylhydrazine SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIME C1 Int Ctr Environm Technol, Mclean, VA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Thomas, R (reprint author), Int Ctr Environm Technol, Mclean, VA USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2001 VL 13 SU 1 BP 79 EP 110 PG 32 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 503LW UT WOS:000172800800005 ER PT J AU Thomas, R Young, R AF Thomas, R Young, R CA Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TI Dimethylhydrazine SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUTAGENICITY; DERIVATIVES; HYDRAZINE C1 Int Ctr Environm Technol, Mclean, VA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Thomas, R (reprint author), Int Ctr Environm Technol, Mclean, VA USA. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2001 VL 13 SU 1 BP 111 EP 144 PG 34 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 503LW UT WOS:000172800800006 ER PT B AU Zhu, YTT Huang, JY Jiang, HG Lowe, TC AF Zhu, YTT Huang, JY Jiang, HG Lowe, TC BE Demeri, MY TI Processing of bulk nanostructured copper by Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening (RCS) SO INNOVATIONS IN PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING OF SHEET MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Global Symposium on Innovations in Materials Processing and Manufacturing - Sheet Materials held at the 2001 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP TMS Mat Processing & Mfg Div ID RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SEVERE PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; GRAIN-BOUNDARY STRUCTURE; REFINEMENT; EVOLUTION; CU AB A new process, Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening (RCS), has been developed to create bulk, nanostructured copper. In this investigation, a high purity (99.99%) copper bar measuring 6x6x50 mm with an average grain size of 765 mum was used as the starting material. It was repetitively corrugated and straightened for 14 times with 90 degrees rotations along its longitudinal axis between consecutive corrugation-straightening cycles. The copper was cooled to below room temperature before each RCS cycle. The grain size obtained after the RCS process was in the range of twenty to a few hundred nanometers, and microhardness was increased by 100%. Both equilibrium and non-equilibrium grain boundaries are observed. This work demonstrates the capability of the RCS process in refining grain size of metal materials. The RCS process can be easily adapted to large-scale industrial production and has the potential to pave the way to large-scale structural applications of nanostructured materials. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhu, YTT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Huang, Jianyu/C-5183-2008 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-490-9 PY 2001 BP 175 EP 182 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS15D UT WOS:000168851900014 ER PT S AU Henson, TD Torrington, GK AF Henson, TD Torrington, GK BE Marker, AJ Davis, MJ TI Space radiation testing of radiation resistant glasses and crystals SO INORGANIC OPTICAL MATERIALS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Inorganic Optical Materials III CY AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE space radiation; radiation resistant glasses; crystals; space optics AB With the number of cerium doped radiation resistant glasses available to the designer of space optics rapidly decreasing, it is critical to identify and characterize all potential sources of radiation resistant glasses and crystals. Unfortunately much of the data on radiation testing of glasses is quite old and often not completed at very high dose rates as might be experienced by an unshielded space optic in orbit for many years. In addition. many optical glasses and crystals are manufactured today with much higher purity than in the past in order to increase their ultraviolet transmission properties. Consequently these glasses are much more resistant to space radiation than in the past. In this paper we will present gamma radiation effects on the transmission properties of today's fused silica. sapphire, calcium fluoride. barium fluoride, Schott cerium doped radiation resistant glasses. Schott colored glass filters. as well as some infrared glasses with up to a 10 Mrad dose. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Henson, TD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4166-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4452 BP 54 EP 65 DI 10.1117/12.446894 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BT90P UT WOS:000174396000008 ER PT J AU Toth, Z Fabian, I Bakac, A AF Toth, Z Fabian, I Bakac, A TI A flash photolytic study of the reaction between chlorine dioxide and dihalogen radical anions SO INORGANIC REACTION MECHANISMS LA English DT Article DE dihalogen; dibromide; dichloride; radical anion; chlorine dioxide; Marcus equation ID ELECTRON-TRANSFER-REACTIONS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; KINETICS; OXIDATION; MECHANISM; ION; COMPLEXES; BROMINE; ACID; OCLO AB Dihalogen radical anions reduce ClO2 in acidic aqueous solutions with rate constants 3.56X10(9) (Br-2(-)) and 2.18 X 10(9) M-1 s(-1) (Cl-2(-)). The rate constant for the Br-2(-)/ClO2 reaction has also been calculated by the use of Marcus equation. The experimental value is more than four orders of magnitude larger, suggesting that the outer-sphere model may not be appropriate for these reactions. C1 Univ Debrecen, Dept Inorgan & Analyt Chem, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bakac, A (reprint author), Univ Debrecen, Dept Inorgan & Analyt Chem, POB 21, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU OLD CITY PUBLISHING INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 628 NORTH 2ND ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19123 USA SN 1028-6624 J9 INORG REACT MECH JI Inorg. React. Mech. PY 2001 VL 3 IS 2 BP 147 EP 152 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 511VD UT WOS:000173285500008 ER PT J AU Berry, NM Kumara, SRT AF Berry, NM Kumara, SRT TI Evaluating the design and development of Reagere SO INTEGRATED COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB We have designed and implemented a multi-agent shop floor manufacturing control system, called Reagere (Latin for the word react). Reagere is one of the first fully agent-oriented systems, where the agents represent all components (hardware, software, sensors, etc) of the manufacturing environment. Hence Reagere was developed to explore the idea of shop floor control based on agent behavior and reactive techniques. This paper shares lessons learned by evaluating the design decisions taken during the research and implementation of Reagere. By detailing our experiences we hope to provide a better understanding of applying agents within the manufacturing research community. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Syst Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Berry, NM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1069-2509 J9 INTEGR COMPUT-AID E JI Integr. Comput.-Aided Eng. PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 31 EP 43 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 400PL UT WOS:000166880600003 ER PT J AU Streiffer, S Auciello, O AF Streiffer, S Auciello, O TI Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics - Colorado Springs, Colorado - March 11-14, 2001 - Part VIOFVIparts SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Streiffer, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 41 IS 1-4 BP XXXIII EP XXXIV PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 508BJ UT WOS:000173067100001 ER PT J AU Scrymgeour, DA Gopalan, V Haynes, TE AF Scrymgeour, DA Gopalan, V Haynes, TE TI Crystal ion slicing of domain microengineered electro-optic devices on lithium niobate SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 11-14, 2001 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO SP aixACCT, Aixtron, Panasonic, Ramtron, Symetrix, Int Journal Integraded Ferroelect DE crystal ion slicing; lithium niobate; electro-optic device ID THIN-FILMS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; GROWTH AB We report the successful fabrication of 6 mum thick slices from a ferroelectric domain micro-engineered LiNbO3 wafer device using the crystal ion slicing technique. The device was created by micropatterning ferroelectric domains in a bulk 0.3 mm thick wafer of z-cut LiNbO3, followed by ion-implanting with high energy He+ ions to create a damage layer at a well defined depth from the surface. Etching away this damaged layer in dilute hydrofluoric acid results in a liftoff of the top slice in which the ferroelectric domain patterns are left intact. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Scrymgeour, DA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Scrymgeour, David/C-1981-2008; Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015 OI Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 41 IS 1-4 BP 1687 EP 1694 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 508BJ UT WOS:000173067100005 ER PT J AU Streiffer, S Auciello, O AF Streiffer, S Auciello, O TI Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics - Colorado Springs, Colorado March 11-14, 2001 Part V of VI parts - Guest editorial SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Streiffer, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1-5 BP VII EP VIII PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 508BH UT WOS:000173067000001 ER PT J AU Auciello, O Streiffer, SK AF Auciello, O Streiffer, SK TI Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics - Colorado Springs, Colorado March 11-14, 2001 SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1-4 BP XI EP XII PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 508BF UT WOS:000173066800001 ER PT J AU Gibbons, BJ Park, B Gim, Y Fan, Y Findikoglu, AT Reagor, DW Jia, QX AF Gibbons, BJ Park, B Gim, Y Fan, Y Findikoglu, AT Reagor, DW Jia, QX TI Structure, processing, and property relationships in tunable RF and microwave devices SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 11-14, 2001 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO SP aixACCT, Aixtron, Panasonic, Ramtron, Symetrix, Int Journal Integraded Ferroelect DE tunable; BST; energetic bombardment ID THIN-FILMS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; DEPOSITION; STRAIN AB Our work on tunable rf and microwave devices based on 90degrees off-axis magnetron sputtered Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 epitaxial thin films is reviewed. In particular, we have studied the effects of energetic bombardment during deposition on the structural and electrical properties of these films. The fundamental result of changing the energetic bombardment conditions during deposition is to affect the stress/strain state of the films. We show that high bombardment conditions result in films with significantly extended out-of-plane lattice constants and depressed dielectric constants and tunabilities. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gibbons, BJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Park, Bae Ho/D-4840-2011; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1-4 BP 1211 EP 1220 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 508BF UT WOS:000173066800029 ER PT J AU Park, BH Peterson, EJ Lee, J Zeng, X Si, W Xi, XX Jia, QX AF Park, BH Peterson, EJ Lee, J Zeng, X Si, W Xi, XX Jia, QX TI Dielectric properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films with various strain states SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 11-14, 2001 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO SP aixACCT, Aixtron, Panasonic, Ramtron, Symetrix, Int Journal Integraded Ferroelect DE Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3; thin film; strain; pulsed laser deposition; dielectric constant ID BARIUM STRONTIUM-TITANATE; MICROWAVE PROPERTIES; PERFORMANCE; LAYER AB We deposited epitaxial Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST) films having thickness of 400 nm on MgO(001) substrates, where a 10 nm thick Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (x = 0.1 - 0.7) interlayer was inserted between BST and MgO to manipulate the stress of the BST films. Since the main difference of those epitaxial BST films was the lattice constant of the interlayers, we were very successful in controlling the stress of the BST films. BST films under small tensile stress showed larger dielectric constant than that without stress as well as those under compressive stress. Stress relaxation was investigated using epitaxial BST films with various thicknesses grown on different interlayers. For BST films grown on Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 interlayers, the critical thickness was about 600 nm. On the other hand, the critical thickness of single-layer BST film was less than 100 run. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Park, BH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Park, Bae Ho/D-4840-2011; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1-4 BP 1221 EP 1230 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 508BF UT WOS:000173066800030 ER PT J AU Streiffer, S Auciello, O AF Streiffer, S Auciello, O TI Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics - Colorado Springs, Colorado - March 11-14, 2001 - Part III of VI parts SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Streiffer, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1-4 BP IX EP X PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 508BD UT WOS:000173066600001 ER PT J AU Sepliarsky, M Phillpot, SR Stachiotti, MG Wolf, D Migoni, RL AF Sepliarsky, M Phillpot, SR Stachiotti, MG Wolf, D Migoni, RL TI Atomic-level simulation of ferroelectricity in perovskites SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 11-14, 2001 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO SP aixACCT, Aixtron, Panasonic, Ramtron, Symetrix, Int Journal Integraded Ferroelect DE ferroelectricity; perovskites; simulation; heterostructure; solid solution; atomic-level simulation ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; BATIO3; KNBO3 AB It is shown that atomistic simulations can provide detailed atomic-level information on the ferroelectric properties of perovskite materials. Theses capabilities are illustrated by an analysis of the ferroelectric properties of a KTa0.5Nb0.5O3 solid solution and KNbO3/KTaO3 superlattices. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. UNR, CONICET, Inst Fis Rosario, Rosario, Argentina. RP Sepliarsky, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1-4 BP 725 EP 734 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 508BD UT WOS:000173066600010 ER PT J AU Streiffer, S Auciello, O AF Streiffer, S Auciello, O TI Proceedings of the thirteenth International-Symposium-on-Integrated-Ferroelectrics - Colorado Springs, Colorado - March 11-14, 2001 - Part II of VI parts SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Streiffer, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 37 IS 1-4 BP IX EP X PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 508BB UT WOS:000173066400001 ER PT J AU Streiffer, S Auciello, O AF Streiffer, S Auciello, O TI Guest editorial SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Streiffer, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 1-4 BP IX EP X PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 508AZ UT WOS:000173066200001 ER PT J AU Baumann, PK Streiffer, SK Bai, GR Ghosh, K Auciello, O Thompson, C Stemmer, S Rao, RA Eom, CB Xu, F Trolier-McKinstry, S Kim, DJ Maria, JP Kingon, AI AF Baumann, PK Streiffer, SK Bai, GR Ghosh, K Auciello, O Thompson, C Stemmer, S Rao, RA Eom, CB Xu, F Trolier-McKinstry, S Kim, DJ Maria, JP Kingon, AI TI Epitaxial Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 thin films grown by MOCVD SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 12-15, 2000 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP German Natl Sci Fdn, Minist Educ, Sci & Res Northrhine Westphalia, Res Ctr Julich, RWTH Aachen Univ, AIXACCT Syst GmbH, Aachen, AIXTRON AG, Aachen, Infineon Technologies, Munich, Gordon & Breach DE PMN-PT; MOCVD; impurity phases; piezoelectric properties ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION AB Epitaxial Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 (PMN) and (1-x)(Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3)-x(PbTiO3) (PMN-PT) thin films have been deposited by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at 700 - 780 degreesC on (100) SrTiO3 and SrRuO3/SrTiO3 substrates. Room temperature values of 900 and 1.5%, were measured for the zero-bias permittivity and loss respectively, at 10 kHz for 220 nm thick pure PMN films. For PMN-PT films, the small-signal permittivity ranged from 1000 to 1500 depending on deposition conditions and Ti content; correspondingly low values for the zero-bias dielectric loss between 1 and 5% were determined for all samples. For PMN-PT with x of approximately 0.30-0.35, polarization hysteresis with P(r)approximate to 18 muC/cm(2) was obtained. Initial piezoresponse results are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Mech Eng & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Baumann, PK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI KIM, DONG-JOO/C-2277-2008; Stemmer, Susanne/H-6555-2011; Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Eom, Chang-Beom/I-5567-2014 OI Stemmer, Susanne/0000-0002-3142-4696; NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 EI 1607-8489 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 35 IS 1-4 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1080/10584580108016896 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 411XJ UT WOS:000167524700017 ER PT J AU York, RA Nagra, AS Periaswamy, P Auciello, O Streiffer, SK Im, J AF York, RA Nagra, AS Periaswamy, P Auciello, O Streiffer, SK Im, J TI Synthesis and characterization of (BxSr1-x)Ti1+yO3+z thin films and integration into microwave varactors and phase shifters SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 12-15, 2000 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP German Natl Sci Fdn, Minist Educ, Sci & Res Northrhine Westphalia, Res Ctr Julich, RWTH Aachen Univ, AIXACCT Syst GmbH, Aachen, AIXTRON AG, Aachen, Infineon Technologies, Munich, Gordon & Breach DE magnetron sputter-deposition; BST films; film stoichiometry; tunability; loss; leakage; phase shifters ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TUNABILITY AB Precise control of composition and microstructure is critical for the production of (BaxSr1-x)Ti1+yO3+z (BST) dielectric thin films with the large dependence of permittivity on electric field, low losses, and high electrical breakdown fields that are required for successful integration of BST into tunable high frequency devices. Here we review recent results on composition-microstructure-electrical property relationships of polycrystalline BST films produced by magnetron sputter deposition, that are appropriate for microwave devices such as phase shifters. Films with controlled compositions were grown from a stoichiometric Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 target by control of the background processing gas pressure. It was determined that the (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratios of these BST films could be adjusted from 0.73 to 0.98 by changing the total (Ar+O-2) process pressure, while the O-2/Ar ratio did not strongly affect the metal ion composition. Film crystalline structure and dielectric properties as a function of the (Ba+Sr)/Ti ratio are discussed. Optimized BST layers yielded capacitors with low dielectric losses (0.0047), among the best reported for sputtered BST, while still maintaining tunabilities suitable for device applications. These BST films were used to produce distributed-circuit phase-shifters, using a discrete periodic loading of a coplanar waveguide with integrated BST varactors on high-resistivity silicon. Phase shifters yielding 30 degrees of phase shift per dB of insertion loss were demonstrated at 20GHz. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP York, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 34 IS 1-4 BP 1617 EP 1628 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 411XH UT WOS:000167524600021 ER PT J AU Baumann, PK Kaufman, DY Im, J Auciello, O Streiffer, SK Erck, RA Guimarra, J AF Baumann, PK Kaufman, DY Im, J Auciello, O Streiffer, SK Erck, RA Guimarra, J TI MOCVD (BaxSr1-x)Ti1+yO3+z (BST) thin films for high frequency tunable devices SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 12-15, 2000 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP German Natl Sci Fdn, Minist Educ, Sci & Res Northrhine Westphalia, Res Ctr Julich, RWTH Aachen Univ, AIXACCT Syst GmbH, Aachen, AIXTRON AG, Aachen, Infineon Technologies, Munich, Gordon & Breach DE BST; MOCVD; dielectric tunability; dielectric loss ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB We have investigated the structural and electrical characteristics of (BaxSr1-x)Ti1+yO3+z (BST) thin films synthesized at 650 degreesC on Pt/SiO2/Si substrates using a large area, vertical metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) reactor equipped with a liquid delivery system. Films with a Ba/Sr ratio of 70/30 were studied, as determined using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). A substantial reduction of the dielectric loss was achieved when annealing the entire capacitor structure in air at 700 degreesC. Dielectric tunability as high as 2.3:1 was measured for BST capacitors with the currently optimized processing conditions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Baumann, PK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 34 IS 1-4 BP 1695 EP 1702 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 411XH UT WOS:000167524600029 ER PT J AU Im, J Auciello, O Baumann, PK Streiffer, SK Kaufman, DY Krauss, AR AF Im, J Auciello, O Baumann, PK Streiffer, SK Kaufman, DY Krauss, AR TI Magnetron sputter-deposited multilayer (BaxSr1x)Ti1+yO3+Z thin films for passive and active devices SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 12-15, 2000 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP German Natl Sci Fdn, Minist Educ, Sci & Res Northrhine Westphalia, Res Ctr Julich, RWTH Aachen Univ, AIXACCT Syst GmbH, Aachen, AIXTRON AG, Aachen, Infineon Technologies, Munich, Gordon & Breach DE ferroelectric films; BST; voltage tunable dielectrics; energy stroage dielectrics ID MICROWAVE AB High permittivity (BaxSr1-x)Ti1+yO3+z(BST) thin films are being investigated for integration into charge storage dielectrics and electric-field tunable elements for high frequency devices. For the latter application, it is desirable to have BST capacitors with high tunability and low losses. Therefore, we investigated the use of multilayer BST thin films consisting of very low dielectric loss BST/electrode interfacial layers ((Ba+Sr)/Ti = 0.73) sandwiching a high tunability, high permittivity primary BST layer ((Ba+Sr)/Ti = 0.9). BST capacitors with multiple layers of controlled composition can be effectively produced in-situ by magnetron sputter deposition, using a single stoichiometric target and controlling the layer composition by changing the total process gas (Ar+O-2) pressure. The layered BST film capacitors exhibit simultaneous low loss (tan delta = 0.005), high tunability (76%), high charge storage energy density (34 J/cm(3)), low leakage, and high dielectric breakdown (>2.8 MV/cm). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Im, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 34 IS 1-4 BP 1703 EP 1710 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 411XH UT WOS:000167524600030 ER PT J AU Zurbuchen, MA Lettieri, J Streiffer, SK Jia, YF Hawley, ME Pan, XQ Carim, AH Schlom, DG AF Zurbuchen, MA Lettieri, J Streiffer, SK Jia, YF Hawley, ME Pan, XQ Carim, AH Schlom, DG TI Microstructure and electrical properties of epitaxial SrBi2Nb2O9 and SrBi2Ta2O9 films SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 12-15, 2000 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP German Natl Sci Fdn, Minist Educ, Sci & Res Northrhine Westphalia, Res Ctr Julich, RWTH Aachen Univ, AIXACCT Syst GmbH, Aachen, AIXTRON AG, Aachen, Infineon Technologies, Munich, Gordon & Breach DE transmission electron microscopy (TEM) epitaxial growth; SrBi2Nb2O9; SrBi2Ta2O9; out-of-phase boundaries (OPBs); microstructure of SrBi2Nb2O9 and SrBi2Ta2O9 ID THIN-FILMS; STRUCTURE REFINEMENT; BISMUTH TITANATE; GROWTH AB SrBi2Nb2O9 (and in some cases SrBi(2)TazO(9)) epitaxial thin films were deposited on (001). (110), and (111) SrTiO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), both with and without epitaxial SrRuO3 bottom electrodes. Films grow epitaxially with the c-axis inclined by Oo, 45 degrees, and 57 degrees from the substrate surface normal, respectively. Greater tilts of the c-axis into the plane of the substrate surface provide a greater component of the polar axis (the a-axis of the orthorhombic unit cell)perpendicular to the substrate surface, leading to increased remanent polarization (P-r) values. Portions of the same films used for electrical characterization were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Films have a single c-axis tilt angle and are fully crystalline with no observable second-phase inclusions. All films are observed to have a high density of out-of-phase boundaries (OPBs). C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16803 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zurbuchen, MA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16803 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; Zurbuchen, Mark/H-1664-2012; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013 OI Zurbuchen, Mark/0000-0002-8947-6309; Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 33 IS 1-4 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1080/10584580108222285 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 411XG UT WOS:000167524500005 ER PT J AU Krauss, AR Auciello, O Dhote, AM Im, J Aggarwal, S Ramesh, R Irene, EA Gao, Y Mueller, AH AF Krauss, AR Auciello, O Dhote, AM Im, J Aggarwal, S Ramesh, R Irene, EA Gao, Y Mueller, AH TI Studies of ferroelectric film growth and capacitor interface processes via in situ analytical techniques and correlation with electrical properties SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 12-15, 2000 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP German Natl Sci Fdn, Minist Educ, Sci & Res Northrhine Westphalia, Res Ctr Julich, RWTH Aachen Univ, AIXACCT Syst GmbH, Aachen, AIXTRON AG, Aachen, Infineon Technologies, Munich, Gordon & Breach DE magnetron sputter-deposition; BST films; film stoichiometry; tunability; loss; leakage; phase shifters ID IN-SITU AB Precise control of composition and microstructure of multicomponent oxide thin films is critical for the production of ferroelectric and high dielectric constant thin film devices. In addition, the integration of film-based capacitors with semiconductor substrates, for device fabrication, requires good control of the composition and structure of the dielectric/substrate and top electrode / dielectric interfaces to control the capacitor properties. In order to understand the processes described above, we are using a variety of integrated complementary in situ analytical techniques including time-of-flight ion scattering and recoil spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and ex situ methods such as transmission electron microscopy, scanning force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Examples of studies recently performed by our group that are reviewed here include: (a) effects of microstructure on the oxidation of Ti-Al layers that can be used in a dual functionality as a diffusion barrier and bottom electrode for integration of ferroelectric capacitors with semiconductors; (b) studies of the surface and dielectric layer/bottom electrode interface during growth of BaxSr1-xTiO3 films on Ir/TiN/SiO2/Si for fabrication of BST capacitors for DRAMs; and (c) studies of the effect of interface contamination and structure on the electrical properties of BST capacitors for high frequency devices. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Krauss, AR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1-4 BP 813 EP 823 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 411XF UT WOS:000167524400013 ER PT J AU Friessnegg, T Nielsen, B Keeble, DJ AF Friessnegg, T Nielsen, B Keeble, DJ TI Detection of oxygen vacancies in (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O-3 thin film capacitors using positron annihilation SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 12-15, 2000 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP German Natl Sci Fdn, Minist Educ, Sci & Res Northrhine Westphalia, Res Ctr Julich, RWTH Aachen Univ, AIXACCT Syst GmbH, Aachen, AIXTRON AG, Aachen, Infineon Technologies, Munich, Gordon & Breach DE oxygen vacancies; PLZT; LSCO; oxide; vacancy; positron annihilation ID BA-CU-O; DEFECT CHEMISTRY; OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; PB VACANCIES; DOPED BATIO3; LIFETIME; MGO; NONSTOICHIOMETRY; PHOTOCONVERSION; STOICHIOMETRY AB The detection of oxygen vacancies by positron annihilation techniques in selected perovskite-type oxide thin films is reviewed. The basic principles of this defect characterization method, applied to thin films, are introduced. The capability of the method is illustrated for ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)Og (PZT) and conducting oxide La(Sr,Co)O-3 (LSCO) thin films. Its use in obtaining oxygen vacancy defect distribution profiles in La doped PZT (PLZT) capacitor structures, LSCO/PLZT/LSCO, exposed to different oxygen ambient process conditions, is also reviewed. The observed changes in the oxygen vacancy concentration are correlated with the polarization-voltage hysteresis loops measurements. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Dundee, Mat Res Ctr, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Nielsen, Bent/B-7353-2009; Keeble, David /C-6633-2012 OI Nielsen, Bent/0000-0001-7016-0040; Keeble, David /0000-0002-5378-799X NR 61 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 EI 1607-8489 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1-4 BP 871 EP 889 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 411XF UT WOS:000167524400019 ER PT J AU Glaeser, AM AF Glaeser, AM TI Model studies of Rayleigh instabilities via microdesigned interfaces SO INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rayleigh instability; sapphire; aluminum oxide; surface energy anisotropy; surface transport; dopant effects ID PERIODIC SURFACE PROFILES; ION-IMPLANTED SAPPHIRE; ABNORMAL GRAIN-GROWTH; CRACK-LIKE FLAWS; MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; VICINAL SURFACES; SHAPE EVOLUTION; ALPHA-ALUMINA; PORE CHANNELS; WULFF SHAPE AB The energetic and kinetic properties of surfaces play a critical role in defining the microstructural changes that occur during sintering and high-temperature use of ceramics. Characterization of surface diffusion in ceramics is particularly difficult, and significant variations in reported values of surface diffusivities arise even in well-studied systems. Effects of impurities, surface energy anisotropy, and the onset of surface attachment limited kinetics (SALK) are believed to contribute to this variability. An overview of the use of Rayleigh instabilities as a means of characterizing surface diffusivities is presented. The development of models of morphological evolution that account for effects of surface energy anisotropy is reviewed, and the potential interplay between impurities and surface energy anisotropy is addressed. The status of experimental studies of Rayleigh instabilities in sapphire utilizing lithographically introduced pore channels of controlled geometry and crystallography is summarized. Results of model studies indicate that impurities can significantly influence both the spatial and temporal characteristics of Rayleigh instabilities; this is attributed at least in part to impurity effects on the surface energy anisotropy. Related model experiments indicate that the onset of SALK may also contribute significantly to apparent variations in surface diffusion coefficients. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 80 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7056 J9 INTERFACE SCI JI Interface Sci. PY 2001 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 65 EP 82 DI 10.1023/A:1011279015039 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 437VW UT WOS:000169015100008 ER PT J AU Genin, FY AF Genin, FY TI Surface morphological evolution of thin films under stress and capillary forces SO INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE thin films; thermal grooving; capillary instabilities; hillocks; pitting; defects ID HILLOCK FORMATION; ALUMINUM FILMS; THERMOMECHANICAL STRESS; ALLOY FILMS; LEAD FILMS; RELAXATION; GROWTH; LAYERS; MECHANISM; SILICON AB Holes and hillocks can commonly be observed on the surface of thin films after thermal processing. For films deposited on a substrate with a different coefficient of thermal expansion, strains due to thermal expansion mismatch can produce very large stresses. While capillary forces tend to produce a thermal groove at a grain boundary (GB), compressive and tensile stresses can form, respectively, a ridge or a canal at the GB. These phenomena can strongly influence mobility of a GB. The formation of a canal enhances the potential for pinning the GB, whereas the formation of a ridge tends to repel the GB. After a short overview of the theory, analytical and numerical solutions for surface profiles of static and travelling GBs under stress are presented. The results of the computed profiles are compared to experimental surface morphologies in aluminum thin film. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7056 J9 INTERFACE SCI JI Interface Sci. PY 2001 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.1023/A:1011231131878 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 437VW UT WOS:000169015100009 ER PT J AU Schneibel, JH Kramer, MJ Unal, O Wright, RN AF Schneibel, JH Kramer, MJ Unal, O Wright, RN TI Processing and mechanical properties of a molybdenum silicide with the composition Mo-12Si-8.5B (at.%) SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE molybdenum silicides; fracture toughness ID BORON AB Alloys with the nominal composition Mo-12Si-8.5B (at.%) were prepared by are-melting or powder-metallurgical processing. Cast and annealed alloys consisted of approximately 38 vol.% alpha -Mo in a brittle matrix of 32 vol.% Mo3Si and 30 vol.% Mo5SiB2. Their flexure strengths were approximately 500 MPa at room temperature, and 400-500 MPa at 1200 degreesC in air. The fracture toughness values determined from the three-point Fracture of chevron-notched specimens were about 10 MPa m(1/2) at room temperature and 30 MPa m(1/2) at 1200 degreesC in air. The relatively high room temperature toughness is consistent with the deformation of the alpha -Mo particles observed on fracture surfaces. Three-point flexure tests at 1200 degreesC ill air and a tensile test at 1520 degreesC in nitrogen indicated a small amount of high temperature plasticity. Extrusion experiments to modify the microstructure of cast alloys were unsuccessful due to extensive cracking, However, using powder-metallurgical (PM) techniques, microstructures consisting of Mo3Si and Mo5SiB2 particles in a continuous alpha -Mo matrix were fabricated. The room temperature Fracture toughnesss of the PM materials was on the order of 15 MPa. m1/2. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83451 USA. RP Schneibel, JH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 79 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JAN PY 2001 VL 9 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(00)00093-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 395WF UT WOS:000166603700003 ER PT J AU Nieh, TG Wang, JG Liu, CT AF Nieh, TG Wang, JG Liu, CT TI Deformation of a multiphase Mo-9.4Si-13.8B alloy at elevated temperatures SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE molybdenum silicides; mechanical properties at high temperatures superplastic behavior; defects; dislocation geometry and arrangement ID OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; TENSILE PROPERTIES; BORON; SILICIDES; TUNGSTEN; MO5SI3; PHASE AB A 3-phase silicide alloy, Mo-9.4Si-13.8B (at.%), was prepared via powder metallurgy techniques. The tensile properties of the alloy at elevated temperatures were evaluated in vacuum at temperatures ranging from 1350 to 1550 degreesC and strain rates ranging from 5.0x10(-4) to 1x10(-3) s(-1). The alloy was found to exhibit a stress exponent of about 2.8 and relatively a high activation energy 740 kJ/mol, Also, it displayed unusually large tensile ductility(> 100%) at T>1400 degreesC. The deformation mechanism as well as large ductility are discussed in the light of the microstructural observations. The alloy has a very good mechanical strength at elevated temperatures, comparable to some of the most advanced tungsten-based alloys. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nieh, TG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM nieh1@llnl.gov RI Nieh, Tai-Gang/G-5912-2011; OI Nieh, Tai-Gang/0000-0002-2814-3746; Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 19 TC 70 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JAN PY 2001 VL 9 IS 1 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(00)00098-4 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 395WF UT WOS:000166603700009 ER PT B AU Chertkov, M Pumir, A Shraiman, BI AF Chertkov, M Pumir, A Shraiman, BI BE Vassilicos, JC TI Statistical geometry and Lagrangian dynamics in turbulence SO INTERMITTENCY IN TURBULENT FLOWS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Intermittency in Turbulent Flows CY JUN 21-24, 1999 CL ISAAC NEWTON INST MATH & SCI, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND HO ISAAC NEWTON INST MATH & SCI ID VELOCITY-GRADIENT TENSOR; ADVECTED PASSIVE SCALAR; VORTICITY; FLOW; INTERMITTENCY; INVARIANTS AB It may be argued that the dynamically significant inertial scale object is not the conventional two-point velocity difference, but the velocity difference tensor constructed from the velocity measurement at at least four different points. The minimal 'tetrad' of measurement points also defines the moment of inertia type tensor characterizing the shape of the fluid volume under consideration. This tensor together with the velocity difference tensor are used to construct a phenomenological model describing the (short time) Lagrangian evolution of the tetrad. The model and its predictions are compared with the results of the direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equation with the focus on the geometric structure of turbulent fluctuations. We find that large energy transfer events are associated with strain dominated sheets with vorticity along the intermediate positive strain axis. The statistical measures we consider are also accessible experimentally and their investigation would be very instructive. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chertkov, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, T13, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA BN 0-521-79221-5 PY 2001 BP 243 EP 261 PG 19 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Mechanics; Physics GA BS44Q UT WOS:000169874300015 ER PT S AU Mulholland, PJ Tank, JL Sanzone, DM Webster, JR Wollheim, WM Peterson, BJ Meyer, JL AF Mulholland, PJ Tank, JL Sanzone, DM Webster, JR Wollheim, WM Peterson, BJ Meyer, JL BE Williams, WD TI Ammonium and nitrate uptake lengths in a small forested stream determined by N-15 tracer and short-term nutrient enrichment experiments SO INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY, VOL 27, PT 3, PROCEEDINGS SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF THEORETICAL AND APPLIED LIMNOLOGY - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-of-Theoretical-and-Applied-Limnology CY 1998 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND SP Int Assoc Theoret & Appl Limnol ID WOODLAND STREAM; PHOSPHORUS; ECOSYSTEM; RETENTION C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mulholland, PJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU E SCHWEIZERBART'SCHE VERLAGSBUCHHANDLUNG PI STUTTGART PA JOHANNESTRASSE 3, W-7000 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0368-0770 BN 3-510-54054-9 J9 INT VER THEOR ANGEW PY 2001 VL 27 BP 1320 EP 1325 PN 3 PG 6 WC Limnology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BS48W UT WOS:000170061900032 ER PT S AU Frachtenberg, E Petrini, F Coll, S Feng, WC AF Frachtenberg, E Petrini, F Coll, S Feng, WC BE Pinkston, TM TI Gang scheduling with lightweight user-level communication SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING WORKSHOPS, PROCEEDINGS SE International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP Workshops) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL VALENCIA, SPAIN SP Int Assoc Comp & Commun DE gang scheduling; performance evaluation; parallel architectures; quadrics interconnect AB In this paper we explore the performance of gang scheduling on a cluster using the Quadrics interconnection network. In such a cluster the scheduler can take advantage of this network's unique capabilities, including a network interface card-based processor and memory and efficient user-level communication libraries. We developed a micro-benchmark to test the scheduler's performance under various aspects of parallel job workloads: memory usage, bandwidth and latency-bound communication, number of processes, timeslice quantum, and multiprogramming levels. Our experiments show that the gang scheduler performs relatively well under most workload conditions, is largely insensitive to the number of concurrent jobs in the system and scales almost linearly with number of nodes. On the other hand, the scheduler is very sensitive to the timeslice quantum, and values under 30 seconds can incur large overheads and fairness problems. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS3 Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, Comp & Computat Sci CCS Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, CCS3 Modeling Algorithms & Informat Grp, Comp & Computat Sci CCS Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM eitanf@lanl.gov; fabrizio@lanl.gov; scoll@lanl.gov; feng@lanl.gov RI Coll, Salvador/H-4413-2015 OI Coll, Salvador/0000-0002-7795-7252 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1530-2016 BN 0-7695-1260-7 J9 INT CONF PARA PROC PY 2001 BP 339 EP 345 DI 10.1109/ICPPW.2001.951970 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BT42Y UT WOS:000172972000046 ER PT B AU Trivedi, RT Liu, S AF Trivedi, RT Liu, S BE Dhindaw, BK Murty, BS Sen, S TI Microstructural evolution in directional solidification SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLIDIFICATION SCIENCE AND PROCESSING: OUTLOOK FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solidification Science and Processing CY FEB 18-21, 2001 CL BANGALORE, INDIA DE directional solidification; binary alloys; convection; interface; microstructure ID DENDRITIC GROWTH; PERITECTIC SYSTEMS; CONVECTION; STABILITY; ALLOYS AB The current status of microstructure formation during the directional solidification of binary alloys is summarized with an emphasis on the issues that still require fundamental understanding. Most rigorous theoretical models are based on diffusive growth conditions. However, significant convection effects are generally present during directional solidification that makes it difficult to validate the models. It will be shown that a significant fraction of current experimental data is obtained tinder conditions in which fluid flow in the melt is either significant or dominant. In peritectic systems, the presence of fluid flow can give rise to novel microstructures that are not found under diffusive growth conditions. For single-phase alloys,fluid flow can significantly alter microstructural scales and morphological transition conditions. We shall present experimental results in Al-Cu, Sn-Cd and Pb-Bi systems, and show how the results obtained in presence of fluid flow can be analyzed quantitatively through the characterization of microstructure in terms of local conditions at the interface. In addition, an experimental technique will then be discussed in which not only diffusive growth conditions can be achieved, but convection effects can also be gradually introduced to examine systematic changes in microstructural characteristics as a function of level of convection. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Trivedi, RT (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC PI ENFIELD PA MAY ST, PO BOX 699, ENFIELD, NH 03748 USA BN 1-57808-203-X PY 2001 BP 13 EP 23 PG 11 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BU28E UT WOS:000175560200002 ER PT B AU Napolitano, RE AF Napolitano, RE BE Dhindaw, BK Murty, BS Sen, S TI The effect of Anisotropy on the equilibrium morphology of a crystal-melt interfacial grain boundary groove SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLIDIFICATION SCIENCE AND PROCESSING: OUTLOOK FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Solidification Science and Processing CY FEB 18-21, 2001 CL BANGALORE, INDIA DE solid-liquid interfaces; interfacial energy; anisotropy; grain boundary grooves; boundary junctions ID VECTOR THERMODYNAMICS; SOLIDIFICATION; SURFACES; GROWTH AB The equilibrium morphology of a grain boundary groove at a crystal-melt interface under the constraint of a thermal gradient is computed. An integral undercooling approach is employed to compute uncoupled half-groove shapes. Coupled groove solutions are identified by minimum energy configurations. The orientation dependent interfacial energy is included in the determination of local interface temperature and in the coupling of adjacent grains comprising the groove. In contrast to the continuous set of solutions arising from the isotropic case, it is shown that a single solution exists for a fixed groove, given by a minimum in total energy which comprised both interfacial and volumetric contributions. Lateral groove migration and grain boundary tilting are also considered. Coupled groove solutions are computed for several tilt-boundary configurations, and the individual effects of grain orientation, grain boundary energy, and magnitude of anisotropy are investigated. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Napolitano, RE (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, US Dept Energy, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PUBLISHERS INC PI ENFIELD PA MAY ST, PO BOX 699, ENFIELD, NH 03748 USA BN 1-57808-203-X PY 2001 BP 73 EP 83 PG 11 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BU28E UT WOS:000175560200007 ER PT J AU Bane, KLF Naito, T Okugi, T Qin, Q Urakawa, J AF Bane, KLF Naito, T Okugi, T Qin, Q Urakawa, J TI Impedance analysis of bunch length measurements at the ATF damping ring SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics CY MAY 13-16, 2001 CL TOKYO, JAPAN AB We present energy spread and bunch length measurements at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at KEK, as functions of current, for different ring rf voltages, and with the beam both on and off the coupling resonance. We fit the on-coupling bunch shapes to those of an impedance model consisting of a resistor and an inductor connected in series. We find that the fits are reasonably good, but that the resulting impedance is unexpectedly large. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Bane, KLF (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS-26,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5416 J9 INT J APPL ELECTROM JI Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1-4 BP 197 EP 202 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA 672JP UT WOS:000182517700033 ER PT J AU Herron, IH AF Herron, IH TI Onset of convection in a porous medium with internal heat source and variable gravity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE convection; porous; medium ID STABILITIES; EXCHANGE AB The problem treated is that of convection in a fluid saturated porous layer, heated internally and where the gravitational field varies with distance through the layer. The boundaries are assumed to be solid. It is proved that the principle of exchange of stabilities holds as long as the gravity field and the integral of the heat sources both have the same sign. The proof is based on the idea of a positive operator, and uses the positivity property of the Green's function. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Herron, IH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, MS-B258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7225 J9 INT J ENG SCI JI Int. J. Eng. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1016/S0020-7225(00)00032-X PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 391TK UT WOS:000166371100006 ER PT J AU Fujita, Y Campbell, JA Mong, GM Reinhard, M AF Fujita, Y Campbell, JA Mong, GM Reinhard, M TI Characterization of a nitrogen-containing octylphenol ethoxylate metabolite by chemical derivatization and degradation in combination with mass spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE octylphenol ethoxylate; biotransformation; derivatization; GC/MS ID IDENTIFICATION; RESIDUES AB An analytical approach combining chemical derivatization and degradation techniques with mass spectrometry (MS) was applied for the characterization of a bacterial metabolite of 2-bromooctylphenoxy acetic acid. The metabolite contains nitrogen and its proposed structure is 2-aminomethoxy-3-bromo-5-(1,1,3,3-tetrabutyl)phenol. Chemical ionization MS and high resolution MS provided the molecular weight and elemental composition, respectively, of the molecule, and chemical modifications provided evidence for the presence or absence of specific functional groups. In particular, methylation with diazomethane and acylation with acetic anhydride indicated the presence of a phenolic hydroxyl group, while the results of an attempt to propylate the compound with boron trifluoride/propanol indicated the absence of a carboxylic acid group. Treatment with hydrobromic acid suggested the presence of an ether functionality. Hydrogenation and dehalogenation with palladium catalyst provided little new structural information for this compound, but the results were consistent with those from the other analyses. MS/MS data supported the proposed structure as well. Approaches such as the one described here may be useful for the identification of other trace organic unknowns detected in the environment or in laboratory studies. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Reinhard, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0306-7319 J9 INT J ENVIRON AN CH JI Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. PY 2001 VL 81 IS 1 BP 41 EP 54 DI 10.1080/03067310108044357 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 504HC UT WOS:000172850400004 ER PT J AU Biner, SB AF Biner, SB TI Fatigue crack growth studies under mixed-mode loading SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MA DE mixed-mode; crack growth; overload; crack closure AB In this study, the growth behavior of fatigue cracks in AISI-304 stainless steel samples under mixed-mode (mode-I and mode-II) loading conditions was studied by utilizing Compact Tension Shear Specimen (CTS) geometry. The results indicate that, at low load mixities, both the strain energy density criterion and the maximum stress criterion estimate similar crack growth directions; however, at high load mixities, the maximum stress criterion provides a closer estimation what is observed in experiments. Mixed-mode loading has a pronounced effect on the growth rate of cracks, and on the growth behavior after the over loads at identical applied load levels. Crack closure concepts seem to be inadequate to fully describe the observed fatigue crack growth behaviour under mixed-mode loading. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM biner@ameslab.gov NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S259 EP S263 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800033 ER PT J AU Liu, KC Wang, JA AF Liu, KC Wang, JA TI An energy method for predicting fatigue life, crack orientation, and crack growth under multiaxial loading conditions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE multiaxial fatigue; energy method; fatigue life prediction; fatigue cracks; crack orientation; type 316 stainless steel AB A method based on a virtual strain-energy (VSE) concept has been shown to be effective for use in predicting multiaxial fatigue lives of two widely-used commercial alloys subjected to in-phase and out-of-phase biaxial loading conditions ASTM STP 1191 (1993) 67; J Eng Mater Tech 117 (1995) 285. This paper is intended to reaffirm the effectiveness of the VSE method for predicting fatigue life and to demonstrate its inherent ability of describing fatigue behavior such as crack orientations and crack growth characteristics. To this end, the basic concept of the method is briefly reintroduced and validated with fatigue data obtained from two different heats, a domestic and a foreign origin, of type 316 stainless steel subjected to cyclic torsion with static axial loading in tension or compression. Excellent agreement in general was observed between predictions and experimental results except in a case of cyclic torsion with a static compression, which appeared to show beneficial to torsional fatigue life. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, KC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S129 EP S134 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800016 ER PT J AU Obergfell, K Peralta, P Martinez, R Michael, JR Llanes, L Laird, C AF Obergfell, K Peralta, P Martinez, R Michael, JR Llanes, L Laird, C TI Effects of grain size and mechanical pretreatment on strain localization in FCC polycrystals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE cyclic stress-strain curve; load histories; dislocations; grain size; strain localization ID CYCLIC RESPONSE; COPPER POLYCRYSTALS; STAINLESS-STEEL; TEXTURE; SUBSTRUCTURE; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR AB Polycrystalline copper samples where the grains in the cross-section had crystallographic axes parallel to the load related to 'single slip' directions and three grain sizes, were ramp loaded and then step-tested to obtain their Cyclic Stress-Strain Curves (CSSCs). Plateaux were found for medium grain size at about 89 MPa, whereas large grained samples showed plateaux at 72 MPa, which correlated with the measured Taylor and Sachs factors, respectively. No plateaux were found when grains were smaller than 200 pm or ramp-loading stresses were below 87 MPa. Comparisons are made with nickel polycrystals and it is found that the plateaux in copper are narrower than those reported in nickel. The differences are attributed to a more homogeneous dislocation structure in nickel, due to lower elastic interactions across grain boundaries and easier cross-slip behavior as compared to copper. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, TH, Inst Werkstoffkunde, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Politecn Cataluna, Dept Ciencia Mat & Ingn Met, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Peralta, P (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, POB 876106, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Llanes, Luis/H-9761-2015 OI Llanes, Luis/0000-0003-1054-1073 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S207 EP S214 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800026 ER PT J AU Welch, DE Hively, LM Holdaway, RF AF Welch, DE Hively, LM Holdaway, RF TI Nonlinear crack growth monitoring SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS DE hysteresis strain energy; fracture; fatigue condition monitoring; crack growth AB Oak Ridge National Laboratory has developed (Welch et al. 1999. Nonlinear Crack Growth Monitoring, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 1999) a new technique to monitor the growth of cracks in structural members, and to predict at what point failure due to this damage is imminent, requiring structure repair or replacement, in those cases where predictions based on conventional design techniques are difficult. This will allow greater confidence in continued operation of structures with known flaw sites, and will provide a quantifiable means of assessing when structure failure is imminent. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Welch, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Engn Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PY 2001 VL 23 SU S BP S463 EP S470 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 508DB UT WOS:000173071800054 ER PT J AU Lewinsohn, CA Henager, CH Windisch, CF Simonen, EP Jones, RH Hoagland, RG Kohyama, A AF Lewinsohn, CA Henager, CH Windisch, CF Simonen, EP Jones, RH Hoagland, RG Kohyama, A TI Subcritical crack growth mechanisms in ceramic matrix composites: Experimental observations and modeling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS & PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE silicon carbide; composites; crack growth; mechanical properties; oxidation ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; CONTINUOUS-FIBER; STRESS-RUPTURE; OXIDATION; CARBON; KINETICS; AIR AB Various experimental techniques were used to identify failure mechanisms that occur under occur in continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites containing interphases that are susceptible to oxidation. The conditions under which these mechanisms occur were dictated by environmental conditions and microstructural parameters, such as temperature, oxygen concentration, and interphase thickness. Details of the mechanical state of fibers that bridge matrix cracks, during the operation of each mechanism, were developed to allow the application of models that can predict time-dependent, subcritical crack growth. This paper will, present evidence of environmentally induced crack growth and discuss a model for predicting the rate of time-dependent, subcritical crack growth. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Adv Energy, Kyoto 611001, Japan. RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012; OI Henager, Chuck/0000-0002-8600-6803 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUSIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0268-1900 J9 INT J MATER PROD TEC JI Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 132 EP 138 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 396JF UT WOS:000166632000017 ER PT J AU Serizawa, H Ando, M Lewinsohn, CA Murakawa, H AF Serizawa, H Ando, M Lewinsohn, CA Murakawa, H TI Development of macroscopic evaluation method for creep deformation in SiC/SiC composites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS & PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SiC/SiC; creep; finite element method; ceramics ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; NICALON FIBERS; CRACK-GROWTH AB Creep deformation in SiC/SiC composites was analyzed using a new computer simulation method with time dependent interface elements. The simulation method was used to describe the crack growth in SiC/SiC composite under four-point bending of single-edge-notched beam bend-bars. Two methods were used to simulate the crack growth due to fiber creep. In one method, the creep property was introduced into the interface elements by the general method of FEM analysis. In the second method, a new technique making the best use of the potential function was used. The stage-II steady state creep deformation was simulated by both methods, and the stage-III crack growth and the transition from stage-II to stage-III could be simulated by only the new method. Additionally, the stage-I was simulated by the new method. The new method has the potential to completely simulate creep deformation in SiC/SiC composite due to fiber creep. C1 Osaka Univ, Joining & Welding Res Inst, Ibaraki, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 856, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0268-1900 EI 1741-5209 J9 INT J MATER PROD TEC JI Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1-3 BP 213 EP 222 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 396JF UT WOS:000166632000027 ER PT J AU Ritchie, RO Chen, D Zhang, XF AF Ritchie, RO Chen, D Zhang, XF TI Fatigue of ceramics at elevated temperatures: microstructural design for optimal performance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS & PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE silicon carbide; toughness; fatigue; grain-boundary phase ID TOUGHENED SILICON-CARBIDE; CRACK GROWTH-BEHAVIOR; B-C ADDITIONS; CYCLIC FATIGUE; NITRIDE CERAMICS; FRICTIONAL-WEAR; RESISTANCE; ALUMINA; OXIDATION; STRENGTH AB The high-temperature mechanical properties of an in situ toughened silicon carbide have been examined at temperatures from ambient to 1300(0)C with the objective of optimizing structural performance, It was found that elevated temperatures up to 1300(0)C do not severely compromise the strength, toughness and fatigue resistance of ABC-SiC, compared to properties at room temperature. Mechanistically, the damage and shielding mechanisms governing cyclic fatigue-crack advance are essentially unchanged between similar to25(0) and 1300(0)C, involving a mutual competition between intergranular cracking ahead of the crack tip and interlocking grain bridging in the crack wake. The unusually good high-temperature properties of ABC-SiC are attributed to in situ crystallization of grain-boundary amorphous phase, which on subsequent cooling also enhances the ambient-temperature mechanical properties. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUSIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0268-1900 J9 INT J MATER PROD TEC JI Int. J. Mater. Prod. Technol. PY 2001 SU 1 BP 331 EP 341 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 529FA UT WOS:000174288300050 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M AF Massoudi, M TI On the flow of granular materials with variable material properties SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE continuum mechanics; granular materials; inclined flow; steady fully developed flow ID FULLY-DEVELOPED FLOW; STEADY SHEAR-FLOW; CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONS; STRESS CALCULATIONS; INELASTIC SPHERES; CONTINUUM THEORY; INCLINED PLANE; GRAVITY FLOW; ASSEMBLIES; MECHANICS AB The mechanics of flowing granular materials such as coal, sand, agricultural products, fertilizers, dry chemicals, metal ores, etc., and their Row characteristics have received considerable attention in recent years. In this paper, the governing equations for the how of granular materials are derived using a continuum approach. For a fully developed flow of these materials down an inclined plane, the equations reduce to a system of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations for the case where the material properties are assumed to vary quadratically with the volume fraction. The boundary value problem is solved numerically and the results are presented for the volume fraction and velocity profiles. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 60 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7462 J9 INT J NONLINEAR MECH JI Int. J. Non-Linear Mech. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 36 IS 1 BP 25 EP 37 DI 10.1016/S0020-7462(99)00085-2 PG 13 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 351YP UT WOS:000089188000003 ER PT J AU Satta, M Liu, HC Mao, XL Moretti, G Russo, RE Giardini, A Mele, A AF Satta, Mauro Liu, Haichen Mao, Xianglei Moretti, Giuliano Russo, Richard E. Giardini, Anna Mele, Aldo TI Laser induced desorption and ablation: mechanism of metal removal from an Al-Cu-Fe alloy and a quasicrystal of the same composition SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY LA English DT Article AB Quasicrystals are a special class of metallic alloys that share some of the properties of crystals. Their structures reduce to a single repeating unit like that of the unit cell of a crystal. The quasi-unit-cell is representative of a cluster like structure where electrons cannot move with freedom as in metals. Quasicrystals are formed of metallic elements but they do not have metallic properties. The diversity of the fractionation behavior induced by laser desorption and ablation of the Al70Cu20Fe10 of the intermetallic alloy and of the Al65Cu23Fe12 quasicrystal has been examined in terms of the structural properties of the two compounds. Elemental fractionation during laser desorption and ablation sampling was investigated by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The experiments were carried out in two different irradiance regimes by a Nd-YAG laser with 266 nm wavelength and single 6 nanosecond laser pulses. In the high irradiance regime (> 0.04, 0.07GW/cm(2)) the effect of the laser irradiance is not discriminating. In the low irradiance regime (< 0.04, 0.07GW/cm(2)) large differences have been found between the alloy and the quasicrystal. The results have been interpreted on the basis of a thermodynamic vaporization process for the intermetallic alloy. An electronic model of localized excitation is suggested for the physical process of surface material removal from a quasicrystal. C1 [Satta, Mauro; Moretti, Giuliano; Giardini, Anna; Mele, Aldo] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Chim, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Liu, Haichen; Mao, Xianglei; Russo, Richard E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Giardini, Anna] CNR, Ist Mat Speciali, I-85050 Tito, PZ, Italy. RP Satta, M (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Chim, Piazzale A Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RI Moretti, Giuliano/G-7160-2012; Satta, Mauro/J-3563-2012 OI Moretti, Giuliano/0000-0002-6209-8766; Satta, Mauro/0000-0001-5795-4700 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-662X EI 1687-529X J9 INT J PHOTOENERGY JI Int. J. Photoenergy PY 2001 VL 3 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA V31EU UT WOS:000208867700024 ER PT J AU Quinn, JJ Negri, MC Hinchman, RR Moos, LP Wozniak, JB Gatliff, EG AF Quinn, J. J. Negri, M. C. Hinchman, R. R. Moos, L. P. Wozniak, J. B. Gatliff, E. G. TI Predicting the Effect of Deep-Rooted Hybrid Poplars on the Groundwater Flow System at a Large-Scale Phytoremediation Site SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE phytoremediation; poplars; groundwater; numerical modeling; hydraulic control AB Estimating the effect of phreatophytes on the groundwater flow field is critical in the design or evaluation of a phytoremediation system. Complex hydrogeological conditions and the transient water use rates of trees require the application of numerical modeling to address such issues as hydraulic containment, seasonality, and system design. In 1999, 809 hybrid poplars and willows were planted to phytoremediate the 317 and 319 Areas of Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago, Illinois. Contaminants of concern are volatile organic compounds and tritium. The site hydrogeology is a complex framework of glacial tills interlaced with sands, gravels, and silts of varying character, thickness, and lateral extent. A total of 420 poplars were installed using a technology to direct the roots through a 25-ft (8-m)-thick till to a contaminated aquifer. Numerical modeling was used to simulate the effect of the deep-rooted poplars on this aquifer of concern. Initially, the best estimates of input parameters and boundary conditions were determined to provide a suitable match to historical transient groundwater flow conditions. The model was applied to calculate the future effect of the developing deep-rooted poplars over a 6 year period. The first 3 years represent the development period of the trees. In the fourth year, canopy closure is expected to occur; modeling continues through the first 3 years of the mature plantation. Monthly estimates of water use by the trees are incorporated. The modeling suggested that the mature trees in the plantation design will provide a large degree of containment of groundwater from the upgradient source areas, despite the seasonal nature of the trees' water consumption. The results indicate the likely areas where seasonal dewatering of the aquifer may limit the availability of water for the trees. The modeling also provided estimates of the residence time of groundwater in the geochemically altered rhizosphere of the plantation. C1 [Quinn, J. J.; Negri, M. C.; Hinchman, R. R.; Moos, L. P.; Wozniak, J. B.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Gatliff, E. G.] Applied Nat Sci, Hamilton, OH USA. RP Quinn, JJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Assessment, Bldg 900, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM quinnj@anl.gov FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Management [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Management, under contract W-31-109-ENG-38. The comments of three anonymous reviewers were helpful in improving this paper. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 EI 1549-7879 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2001 VL 3 IS 1 BP 41 EP 60 DI 10.1080/15226510108500049 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JX UT WOS:000209016200003 ER PT J AU Benson, C Abichou, T Albright, W Gee, G Roesler, A AF Benson, C. Abichou, T. Albright, W. Gee, G. Roesler, A. TI Field Evaluation of Alternative Earthen Final Covers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE alternative cover; evapotranspiration; transpiration; storage; percolation; equivalency; field demonstration; water balance; AEFC AB Five methods to assess percolation rate from alternative earthen final covers (AEFCs) are described in the context of the precision with which the percolation rate can be estimated: trend analysis, tracer methods, water balance method, Darcy's Law calculations, and lysimetry. Trend evaluation of water content data is the least precise method because it cannot be used alone to assess the percolation rate. The precision of percolation rates estimated using tracer methods depends on the tracer concentration, percolation rate, and the sensitivity of the chemical extraction and analysis methods. Percolation rates determined using the water balance method have a precision of approximately 100 mm/yr in humid climates and 50 mm/yr in semiarid and drier climates, which is too large to demonstrate that an AEFC is meeting typical equivalency criterion (30 mm/yr or less). In most cases, the precision will be much poorer. Percolation rates computed using Darcy's Law with measured profiles of water content and matric suction typically have a precision that is about two orders of magnitude (or more) greater than the computed percolation rate. The Darcy's Law method can only be used for performance assessment if the estimated percolation rate is much smaller than the equivalency criterion and preferential flow is not present. Lysimetry provides the most precise estimates of percolation rate, but the precision depends on the method used to measure the collected water. The lysimeter used in the Alternative Cover Assessment Program (ACAP), which is described in this paper, can be used to estimate percolation rates with a precision between 0.00004 to 0.5 mm/yr, depending on the measurement method and the flow rates. C1 [Benson, C.; Roesler, A.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Abichou, T.] Florida State Univ, Florida A&M Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Albright, W.] Univ & Community Coll Syst Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Gee, G.] Battelle Pacific Northwest Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Benson, C (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM benson@engr.wisc.edu; abichou@eng.fsu.edu; billa@dri.edu; glendon.gee@pnl.gov; roesler@cae.wisc.edu FU United States Environmental Protection Agency through the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program; Remediation and Containment Branch of the National Risk Management Research Laboratory FX Financial support for the Alternative Cover Assessment Program (ACAP) is provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program and the Remediation and Containment Branch of the National Risk Management Research Laboratory. Mr. Michael Bolen of Science Applications International Corporation is the ACAP project manager. Mr. Steve Rock is the ACAP program manager at USEPA. The efforts of Bolen and Rock on behalf of ACAP are greatly appreciated by the authors. The authors also appreciate the constructive criticism provided by the three anonymous reviewers as well as thoughtful comments provided throughout the project by Dr. Mark Ankeny. NR 58 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 EI 1549-7879 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2001 VL 3 IS 1 BP 105 EP 127 DI 10.1080/15226510108500052 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33JX UT WOS:000209016200006 ER PT J AU Krauter, PW AF Krauter, P. W. TI Using a Wetland Bioreactor to Remediate Ground Water Contaminated with Nitrate (mg/L) and Perchlorate (mu g/L) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION LA English DT Article DE bioreactor; perchlorate; wetland; phytoremediation AB Wetland plants and their rhizospheric microorganisms were used to remove perchlorate from nitrate-contaminated ground water. A wetland bioreactor was constructed with the wetland plants Typha spp., Scirpus spp., and Cyperus spp. These plants provided a habitat and a food source for the indigenous denitrifying microorganisms presumed responsible for the perchlorate and nitrate removal. Ground water contaminated with nitrate (68 mg/L) was collected from a well and injected with concentrations of potassium perchlorate similar to those found in several local wells (50 and 100 mu g/L). The water flowed continuously through the wetland bioreactor with hydraulic retention times (HRT) ranging from 0.5 to 400 h. Because microbial denitrification depends, in part, on the nature and amount of carbon available to the microorganisms, four carbon sources (dried leaf matter, dried algae, milk replacement starter, and sodium acetic acid) were evaluated. Analyses for perchlorate concentration in ground water were performed using negative electrospray mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. Of the carbon sources tested, sodium acetic acid was the most efficient at accelerating the nitrate and perchlorate removal rates. The HRT required to remove perchlorate (100 mu g/L) to below the detection limit, without carbon source amendment, was 4 d. With the addition of sodium acetic acid (0.26 g/L) the required HRT decreased to 0.5 d. These results suggest that denitrifying microorganisms, supported in a wetland bioreactor amended with a carbon source, remove perchlorate from nitrate contaminated ground water. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Krauter, PW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU Department of Energy [W-7405-ENG48] FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy, contract W-7405-ENG48. I am grateful for the assistance of Celena Carrillo of LICB, Don Mac Queen for statistical analysis, Carolyn Koester for IC/MS analysis of perchlorate and Bill Daily Jr. for advice on the bioreactor design. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-6514 EI 1549-7879 J9 INT J PHYTOREMEDIAT JI Int. J. Phytoremediat. PY 2001 VL 3 IS 4 BP 415 EP 433 DI 10.1080/15226510108500068 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V33KA UT WOS:000209016500005 ER PT J AU Khaleel, MA AF Khaleel, MA TI Special issue on: Superplasticity and superplastic forming - Editorial SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Khaleel, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 275 EP 275 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(00)00035-8 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 411GJ UT WOS:000167489600001 ER PT J AU Khaleel, MA Zbib, HM Nyberg, EA AF Khaleel, MA Zbib, HM Nyberg, EA TI Constitutive modeling of deformation and damage in superplastic materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming CY SEP 27-29, 1998 CL PULLMAN, WA DE constitutive equations; damage deformations; superplasticity; aluminium ID ALLOYS; CAVITATION; FRACTURE; FAILURE AB The superplastic deformation and cavitation damage characteristics of a modified aluminum ahoy are investigated at a temperature range from 500 to 550 degreesC. The baseline alloy is AA5083. Nominally this alloy contains about 4.5% Mg, 0.8% Mn, 0.2% Cr, 0.037% Si, 0.08% Fe and 0.025% Ti by weight. The experimental program consists of uniaxial tension tests and digital image analysis for measuring cavitation. The experiments reveal that evolution of damage is due to both nucleation and growth of voids. A viscoplastic model for describing deformation and damage in this alloy is developed based on a continuum mechanics framework. The model includes the effect of strain hardening, strain rate sensitivity, dynamic and static recovery, and nucleation and growth of voids. The model predictions compare well with the experimental results. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Sch Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ma.khaleel@pnl.gov OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 17 TC 53 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 EI 1879-2154 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 277 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(00)00036-X PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 411GJ UT WOS:000167489600002 ER PT J AU Khraishi, TA Khaleel, MA Zbib, HM AF Khraishi, TA Khaleel, MA Zbib, HM TI A parametric-experimental study of void growth in superplastic deformation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Superplasticity and Superplastic Forming CY SEP 27-29, 1998 CL PULLMAN, WA DE ductility; voids and inclusions; viscoplastic material; finite elements; superplastic deformation ID VISCOPLASTIC MATERIAL; CAVITY GROWTH; DAMAGE; COALESCENCE; CAVITATION; MODEL; HOLES AB Substantial void growth in metals constitutes a problem in many industrial operations that utilize superplastic deformation. This is because of the likelihood of material failure due to such growth. Hence, there is a need to study void growth mechanisms in an effort to understand the parameters governing it. In this work, numerical and experimental studies of Void growth, and the parameters that affect it, in a superplastically deforming (SPD) metal have been performed. In the numerical studies, using the finite-element method, a 1x2 sized thin plate (i.e. plane stress conditions) of a viscoplastic material with pre-existing holes has been subjected to a constant extension rate. The experimental studies were performed under similar conditions to the numerical ones and provided for qualitative comparison. The parameters affecting void growth in SPD are: m (the strain-rate sensitivity), void size (i.e. diameter) and the number (density) of existing voids. The results showed that increased m values produced strengthening and decreased the rate of void growth. In addition, larger initial void size (or, equivalently, a larger initial void fraction) had the effect of weakening the specimen through causing accelerated void growth. Finally, multiple holes had the effect of increasing the metal ductility by reducing the extent of necking and its onset. This was realized through diffusing the plastic deformation at the different hole sites and reducing the stress concentration. The numerical results were in good qualitative agreement with the experiment and suggested the need to refine existing phenomenological void growth models to include the dependence on the void fraction. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Batelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Virtual Prototyping & Engn Simulat Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zbib, HM (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM zbib@mme.wsu.edu OI khaleel, mohammad/0000-0001-7048-0749 NR 21 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 EI 1879-2154 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 297 EP 315 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(00)00037-1 PG 19 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 411GJ UT WOS:000167489600003 ER PT J AU Solas, DE Tome, CN AF Solas, DE Tome, CN TI Texture and strain localization prediction using a N-site polycrystal model SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE visco-plastic material; polycrystal model; self-consistent ID NORMAL GRAIN-GROWTH; 3 DIMENSIONS; DEFORMATION AB Most polycrystal models of plastic deformation rely on the assumption that, strain and stress are uniform within the domain of each grain. Comparison between measured and predicted textures suggests that this assumption is realistic for most single-phase aggregates and crystal symmetries. In this paper, we implement a self-consistent N-site model that allows one to account for strain localization and local misorientation near grain boundaries. We apply this model to face centered cubic (fcc) and hexagonal close packed (hcp) aggregates, and analyze the similarities and differences with a one-site model that assumes uniform stress and strain-rate within a grain. We find that the assumption of uniformity is justified in first order. We discuss the implications of the N-site model for the simulation of systems with hard inclusions, orientation correlations, and recrystallization mechanisms. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tome, CN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8,MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Tome, Carlos/D-5058-2013 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2001 VL 17 IS 5 BP 737 EP 753 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(00)00030-9 PG 17 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 433XT UT WOS:000168786500004 ER PT J AU Kong, FM Anscher, MS Sporn, TA Washington, MK Clough, R Barcellos-Hoff, MH Jirtle, RL AF Kong, FM Anscher, MS Sporn, TA Washington, MK Clough, R Barcellos-Hoff, MH Jirtle, RL TI Loss of heterozygosity at the mannose 6-phosphate insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R) locus predisposes patients to radiation-induced lung injury SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE pneumonitis; complications; mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor type 2 receptor ID FACTOR-II RECEPTOR; PLASMA TRANSFORMING GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA-1; INDUCED PULMONARY FIBROSIS; RNA ENCODING PROCOLLAGENS; FACTOR-BETA; TGF-BETA; COMPLICATION PROBABILITIES; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; THORACIC IRRADIATION AB Purpose: To investigate the relationship between loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the mannose 6-phosphate/ insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R) gene locus and the development of radiation-induced lung injury. Material and Methods: Thirty-five lung cancer patients with both stored plasma for Transforming Growth Factor beta1 (TGF beta1) analysis and sufficient quantities of archival pathology tissue to screen for LOH were studied. All patients had been treated with thoracic radiotherapy for their malignancy and had radiographically detectable tumor present before beginning radiotherapy. Tumor and normal cells were microdissected from archival lung cancer pathology specimens. Two polymorphisms in the 3' untranslated region of the M6P/IGF2R were used to screen for LOH. Plasma TGF beta1 levels were measured using acid-ethanol extraction and an ELISA. TGF beta1 and M6P/IGF2R protein expression was estimated by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. Symptomatic radiation pneumonitis was scored according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria without knowledge of the results of TGF beta or LOH analyses. Results: Of the 35 patients, 10 were homozygous for this polymorphism (noninformative) and were excluded. Of the 25 informative patients, 13 had LOH. Twelve of 13 patients with LOH had increased pretreatment plasma TGF beta1 levels, vs. 3/12 patients without LOH (p < 0.01). A decrease or loss of M6P/IGF2R protein in the malignant cell accompanied by increased latent TGF1 protein in extracellular matrix and tumor stroma was found in tumors with LOH, suggesting that this mutation resulted in loss of function of the receptor. Seven of 13 (54%) LOH patients developed symptomatic radiation-induced lung injury vs. 1/12 (8%) of patients without LOH (p = 0.05). Conclusions: Loss of the M6P/IGF2R gene strongly correlates with the development of radiation pneumonitis after thoracic radiotherapy (RT). Furthermore, patients,vith LOH tin the setting of measurable tumor) are much more likely to have elevated plasma TGF beta, suggesting an inability to normally process this cytokine. Thus, loss of the M6P/IGF2R gene may predispose patients to the development of radiation-induced lung injury. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Med Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Med Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Box 3085, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM anscher@radonc.duke.edu NR 57 TC 24 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0360-3016 EI 1879-355X J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 49 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(00)01377-8 PG 7 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 390VF UT WOS:000166317300005 PM 11163495 ER PT J AU Stephansson, O Tsang, CF Kautsky, F AF Stephansson, O Tsang, CF Kautsky, F TI Special issue: DECOVALEX II - Foreword SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Swedish Nucl Power Inspectorate, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Stephansson, O (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. EM ove@aom.kth.se NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(00)00059-9 PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 400QU UT WOS:000166883800001 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TS Borgesson, L Chijimatsu, M Rutqvist, J Fujita, T Hernelind, J Kobayashi, A Ohnishi, Y Tanaka, M Jing, L AF Nguyen, TS Borgesson, L Chijimatsu, M Rutqvist, J Fujita, T Hernelind, J Kobayashi, A Ohnishi, Y Tanaka, M Jing, L TI Hydro-mechanical response of a fractured granitic rock mass to excavation of a test pit - the Kamaishi Mine experiment in Japan SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRY AB A thermo-hydro-mechanical experiment was conducted in a fractured granitic ruck mass at the Kamaishi Mine in Japan. The experiment consists of the excavation of a cylindrical test pit on the floor of an experimental drift. The test pit was then lilted with bentonite with an embedded heater. During the excavation of the test pit, the hydromechanical response of the surrounding rock was monitored. This paper presents the efforts of four research teams to numerically simulate the hydro-mechanical response of the rock mass during excavation. While the total inflow rate to the test pit, the flow distribution on the pit walls and the displacements in the rock mass away From the pit could be reasonably predicted, the pore pressure in individual boreholes, and the expansion behaviour of the pit were less successfully simulated. The reasons for these discrepancies are discussed in the paper. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Atom Energy Control Board, Ottawa, ON K1P 5S9, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Iwate Univ, Fac Agr, Morioka, Iwate, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Sch Civil Engn, Kyoto 6068501, Japan. Royal Inst Technol, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Nguyen, TS (reprint author), Atom Energy Control Board, 280 Slater, Ottawa, ON K1P 5S9, Canada. RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 NR 13 TC 17 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 79 EP 94 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(00)00066-6 PG 16 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 400QU UT WOS:000166883800008 ER PT J AU Borgesson, L Chijimatsu, M Fujita, T Nguyen, TS Rutqvist, J Jing, L AF Borgesson, L Chijimatsu, M Fujita, T Nguyen, TS Rutqvist, J Jing, L TI Thermo-hydro-mechanical characterisation of a bentonite-based buffer material by laboratory tests and numerical back analyses SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB This paper presents some laboratory tests performed on the bentonite used as buffer material in the engineered barrier experiment in Kamaishi mine in Japan and a collective effort of four research groups to characterise the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of the bentonite by comparing numerical calculations with the laboratory test results. Each research group used finite element programs with constitutive models capable to simulate both liquid and vapour flux of water, heat transfer, volume change, swelling pressure and mechanical deformation. Numerical calibrations were performed against results obtained from three types of laboratory tests: water infiltration tests, thermal gradient tests and swelling pressure tests. Parameter values, which could not be directly measured in laboratory tests, were obtained with these calculations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Clay Technol AB, IDEON Res Ctr, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden. Japan Nucl Cycle Dev Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan. Atom Energy Control Board, Ottawa, ON K1P 5S9, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Div Engn Geol, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Borgesson, L (reprint author), Clay Technol AB, IDEON Res Ctr, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden. RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 NR 19 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(00)00067-8 PG 10 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 400QU UT WOS:000166883800009 ER PT J AU Rutqvist, J Borgesson, L Chijimatsu, M Kobayashi, A Jing, L Nguyen, TS Noorishad, J Tsang, CF AF Rutqvist, J Borgesson, L Chijimatsu, M Kobayashi, A Jing, L Nguyen, TS Noorishad, J Tsang, CF TI Thermohydromechanics of partially saturated geological media: governing equations and formulation of four finite element models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FRACTURED POROUS ROCKS; QUANTITATIVE SOLUTIONS; RATIONAL APPROACH; DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR; COMPUTER CODE; SOILS; HEAT; FLOW; CONSOLIDATION; SIMULATION AB This paper presents the general governing equations for coupled thermohydromechanical (THM) processes in saturated and unsaturated geologic formations and reviews four finite element codes fur modeling of such system. Three of the codes are developed for the special purpose of analyzing coupled THM processes in unsaturated porous and fractured geological media, and the fourth is a commercial code that has been used in its standard version, with a few adaptations for this specialized problem. The basic assumptions and fundamental equations for coupled THM processes in unsaturated porous fractured rock are presented. and formulations of the four finite element models are compared. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. Clay Technol AB, Ideon Res Ctr, S-22370 Lund, Sweden. Japan Nucl Cycle Dev Inst, Tokai Works, Geol Isolat Technol Sect, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191194, Japan. Royal Inst Technol, Div Engn Geol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Atom Energy Control Board, Ottawa, ON K1P 5S9, Canada. RP Rutqvist, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 NR 71 TC 93 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 105 EP 127 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(00)00068-X PG 23 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 400QU UT WOS:000166883800010 ER PT J AU Rutqvist, J Borgesson, L Chijimatsu, M Nguyen, TS Jing, L Noorishad, J Tsang, CF AF Rutqvist, J Borgesson, L Chijimatsu, M Nguyen, TS Jing, L Noorishad, J Tsang, CF TI Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical analysis of a heater test in fractured rock and bentonite at Kamaishi Mine - comparison of field results to predictions of four finite element codes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB Four computer codes were applied for a prediction of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical responses during an in situ heater experiment which simulates a nuclear waste deposition hole with a waste over-pack and bentonite buffer, surrounded by fractured rock. The elevated temperature in the heater surroundings, which was maintained at 100 C for 8.5 months, generated substantial heat-driven moisture flow and swelling in the clay buffer, and thermal expansion of the surrounding fractured rock. Predicted system responses - including temperature. moisture content, fluid pressure, stress and displacement - were compared to measurements at 70 sensors located both in the clay buffer and the near-field rock. An overall good agreement between modeling and measured results indicates that most thermo-hydro-mechanical responses are fairly well represented by the coupled numerical models. Uncertainties occur for modeling of hydromechanical behavior of the swelling clay buffer at low saturation, modeling of near-field heterogeneous mechanical behavior of the low-stressed fractured reek, and modeling of the rock-buffer interface. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. Clay Technol AB, Ideon Res Ctr, SE-22370 Lund, Sweden. Japan Nucl Cycle Dev Inst, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191194, Japan. Atom Energy Control Board, Ottawa, ON K1P 5S9, Canada. Royal Inst Technol, Div Engn Geol, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Rutqvist, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94705 USA. RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 NR 7 TC 45 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 129 EP 142 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(00)00069-1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 400QU UT WOS:000166883800011 ER PT J AU Hudson, JA Stephansson, O Andersson, J Tsang, CF Jing, L AF Hudson, JA Stephansson, O Andersson, J Tsang, CF Jing, L TI Coupled T-H-M issues relating to radioactive waste repository design and performance SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article AB In this paper. coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) issues relating to nuclear waste repository design and performance are reviewed. Concise statements. that were developed from DECOVALEX discussions, on the current state-of-knowledge are presented. Section 1 describes the THM background and the interface with performance assessment (PA). The role of THM issues in the overall repository design context is amplified in Section 2, which includes a review of the processes in terms of repository excavation. operation and post-closure stages. It is important to understand the overall context, the detailed THM issues, the associated modelling and how these issues will be resolved in the wider framework. Also, because uncoupled and coupled numerical codes have been used fur this subject, there is discussion in Section 3 on the nature of the codes and how the content of the codes can be audited. To what extent does a particular code capture the essence of the problem in hand? Consideration is also given to the associated question of code selection and the future of numerical codes. The state-of-knowledge statements are presented in Section 4 under 11 headings which follow the repository design sequence. The overview conclusion is that "A predictive THM capability is required to support repository design because precedent practice information is insufficient. Many aspects of THM processes and modelling are now well understood and there is a variety of numerical codes available to provide solutions for different host rock and repository conditions. However, modelling all the THM mechanisms in space and time is extremely complex and simplifications will have to be made - if only because it is not possible to obtain all the necessary detailed supporting information. Therefor, an important step is to clarify the THM modelling requirement within the PA context. This will help to indicate the complexity of THM modelling required and hence the models. mechanisms, type of computing, supporting data, laboratory and in situ testing, etc, required. An associated transparent and open audit trail should be developed." We also include comments from reviewers and highlight four outstanding issues which are currently being studied in the DECOVALEX III programme. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Rock Engn Consultants, Welwyn Garden City AL8 6SG, Herts, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Welwyn Garden City AL8 6SG, Herts, England. Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hudson, JA (reprint author), Rock Engn Consultants, 7 The Quadrangle, Welwyn Garden City AL8 6SG, Herts, England. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1 BP 143 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(00)00070-8 PG 19 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 400QU UT WOS:000166883800012 ER PT J AU Clark, WW Jensen, JD AF Clark, WW Jensen, JD TI The role of government in privatization: an economic model from Denmark SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE venture capital; foreign direct investment; equity investment; government; business AB As industrialized countries go through an economic conversion from public sector industries or government managed companies to privately owned companies, leaders and decision makers are seeking new models. There are very few, if any economic models that provide a 'bridge' or transition from the public or government to the private sector, let alone that have been successful. The issue is, nevertheless, very important today as a number of industrialized and developing countries are moving from governmentally controlled industries to the private sector. This paper focuses upon economic models. One good example is taken from Denmark. Other examples are drawn from the USA and especially the deregulation of the energy industry in California, which makes a good region to study. As a 'bell-weather' state for other states in the USA and indeed, internationally, many governments are watching the 'great California experiment' in deregulation of energy/power utilities. The economic model from Denmark, which is described below has also begun to have an impact on California legislative programs being proposed but not yet implemented, for economic development. Further research and analysis will document and analyse such efforts in the future. The issue is clear: global competitiveness does not allow the USA or other countries to wait For the ideal 'open or free' markets conditions to restructure its economy. In fact, an argument could be made that such 'free markets' never existed in the first place and certainly will not in the future. Instead, new economic models for the privatization of historical governmental industries must be sought that are public and private collaboration working together, rather than a choice between one or the other form of business and economic development. Other countries have had a tradition of such partnerships. Among them is Denmark, which is leading the way in many areas of economic development. This paper focuses upon one successful set of programs in Denmark: IO and IFU Funds. A description and some evaluative data provide a perspective and potential application to other industrialized as well as developing countries for the privatization of government industries. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Coll Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. IO IFU Funds, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Clark, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Coll Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUSIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0267-5730 J9 INT J TECHNOL MANAGE JI Int. J. Technol. Manage. PY 2001 VL 21 IS 5-6 BP 540 EP 555 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 422BP UT WOS:000168098300012 ER PT J AU Clark, WW Paolucci, E AF Clark, WW Paolucci, E TI Commercial development of environmental technologies for the automotive industry towards a new model of technological innovation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE technology commercialization; fuel cells; environmentally sound technologies AB Economic importance of environmental issues is increasing, and new technologies are expected to reduce pollution derived both from productive processes and products, with costs that are still unknown. Until now there is still little knowledge concerning the process of technological innovation in this field. What does exist, is outdated due to rapid change in technology. In this paper we analyse the development of Zinc Air Fuel Cells (ZAFC) and their transfer from research laboratories to large mass production. ZAFC are a new 'environmental technology', proved to have a commercial value, that can be used for building Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEV). Although ZAFC performances are higher than traditional lead-acid batteries ones, difficulties in funding ZAFC engineering and 'moving' them from laboratories to production caused some years delay in their diffusion. On the bases of this 'paradigmatic' case, we argue that existing economic and organizational literature concerning technological innovation is not able to fully explain steps followed in developing environmental technologies. Existing models mainly consider adoption problems as due to market uncertainty, weak appropriability regime, lack of a dominant design, and difficulties in reconfiguring organizational routines. Additionally, the following aspects play a fundamental role in developing environmental technologies, pointing out how technological trajectories depend both on exogenous market conditions and endogenous firm competencies: 1 regulations concerning introduction of ZEV 'create' market demand and business development for new technologies; they impose constraints that can be met only by segmenting transportation market at each stage of technology developmnent; 2 each stage of technology development requires alternative forms of division and coordination of innovative labour; upstream and downstream industries are involved in new forms of inter-firm relationships, causing a reconfiguration of product architecture and reducing effects of path dependency; 3 product differentiation increases firm capabilities to plan at the same time technology introduction and customer selection, while meeting requirements concerning 'network externalities'; 4 it is necessary to find and/or create alternative funding sources for each research, development and design stage of the new technologies. From this discussion we will draw some conclusions and issues for further researches concerning government policy and firms' strategies for sustaining the process of technological innovation and transfer. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Coll Engn, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Turin, Politecn Turin, Prod & Econ Dept, I-10124 Turin, Italy. RP Clark, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Coll Engn, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 19 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUSIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0267-5730 J9 INT J TECHNOL MANAGE JI Int. J. Technol. Manage. PY 2001 VL 21 IS 5-6 BP 565 EP 585 PG 21 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 422BP UT WOS:000168098300014 ER PT J AU Makaruk, H AF Makaruk, H TI Symbolic package for quantum groups, noncommutative algebras, and logics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Clifford Algebras and their Applications CY 1999 CL IXTAPA, MEXICO ID COMPACT MATRIX PSEUDOGROUPS; PRINCIPAL BUNDLES; GEOMETRY AB This paper describes packages for symbolic calculations in quantum groups, noncommutative differential geometry, and multivalued logic. The package for quantum groups and the program for logic are written in Mathematica 3.0 and/or 4.0. As an example, some results in the logic obtained using these packages are presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, E ET, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Makaruk, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, E ET, Mail Stop E-517, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7748 J9 INT J THEOR PHYS JI Int. J. Theor. Phys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1023/A:1003779126366 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 417EQ UT WOS:000167822800009 ER PT J AU Owczarek, R AF Owczarek, R TI Dirac operator on the Podles sphere SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Clifford Algebras and their Applications CY 1999 CL IXTAPA, MEXICO ID QUANTUM PRINCIPAL BUNDLES; HYPERSURFACES; GEOMETRY AB The spectral problem for the Dirac operator on the Podles sphere is discussed and solved in one of its possible formulations. The standard constructions for the Dirac operator on classical symmetric spaces and the spectrum of the Dirac operator on the classical two-dimensional sphere are recalled. The problem of defining a spinor structure on a quantum space is discussed and the definitions of a classical spinor structure and Dirac operator according to Durdevich are sketched. The Dirac operator for the Podles quantum sphere treated as a quotient space of SmuU(2) is constructed using the Woronowicz left-covariant calculus over this quantum group. The spectrum of the operator is obtained. Disagreement of its asymptotic behavior with Connes' axiom of noncommutative spectral geometry is stressed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, E ET, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Owczarek, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, E ET, Mail Stop E-517, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0020-7748 J9 INT J THEOR PHYS JI Int. J. Theor. Phys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 163 EP 170 DI 10.1023/A:1003735411345 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 417EQ UT WOS:000167822800012 ER PT J AU Shan, Z Jacobsen, RT Penoncello, SG AF Shan, Z Jacobsen, RT Penoncello, SG TI Viscosity prediction for natural gas mixtures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties CY JUN 25-30, 2000 CL UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Comm Thermophys Properties Heat Transfer Div, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab HO UNIV COLORADO DE natural gas; prediction; viscosity ID THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; POLYATOMIC GASES; LIQUID METHANE; EQUATION; ETHANE; STATE AB The viscosity of multicomponent natural gas-mixtures containing hydrocarbons (C1 through C7) is predicted by modifying a previously published dilute-gas viscosity model and extending its applicability to a wide range of temperature and pressure conditions including liquid and gas states. Nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and helium are also included among components of mixtures for which published viscosity data are available. The approach takes advantage of currently available formulations and models For the density and viscosity of pure fluid constituents of natural gases. The predicted viscosity is compared with available data in bath pas and liquid regions. Comparisons of calculated values to the available measurements of viscosity of natural gas mixtures and of binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures of constituent fluids are summarized to illustrate the accuracy of the predicted values. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Engn, Ctr Appl Thermodynam Studies, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Jacobsen, RT (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 22 IS 1 BP 73 EP 87 DI 10.1023/A:1006736931228 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 432WU UT WOS:000168719400006 ER PT J AU Shabalovskaya, SA AF Shabalovskaya, SA TI Physicochemical and biological aspects of Nitinol as a biomaterial SO INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOY; NICKEL-TITANIUM ALLOY; VENA-CAVA FILTER; NI-TI ALLOY; CORROSION-RESISTANCE; IN-VIVO; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; PASSIVE FILM; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; METAL AB The rapid increase in the development of medical devices using nearly equiatomic Ni-Ti alloys (Nitinol) provides evidence of their advantages as biomaterials. Two generic properties of Nitinol, thermally induced shape recovery and superelasticity, are successfully employed for medical uses. However, several aspects of the alloys' short and long term efficacy have yet to be comprehensively determined, especially parameters relating to surface and corrosion performance, The present review surveys studies carried out internationally over about the past 10 years aiming at an improved understanding of Nitinol's surface, corrosion, and biocompatibility features. A critical survey is given of the surface condition of alloys modified using various advanced techniques, oxidised in air-water-steam mixtures, and passivated using chemical-electrochemical procedures, Surface parameters and their importance to the improvement of Nitinol's corrosion resistance and biological performance are discussed on the basis of XPS, Auger, SEM, and BSEM studies. In vivo and in vitro corrosion studies using potentiodynamic, potentiostatic, and scratch tests on as cast alloys, wire, and actual devices are surveyed. The effects of stress, strain, heat treatment, microstructure, precipitates, and alloy composition on corrosion are evaluated and compared with data for stainless steels, cobalt base alloys, and titanium. Release of nickel, observed in vitro and in vivo, is also surveyed. Biocompatibility aspects are briefly discussed with emphasis on their possible correlation with surface condition. C1 Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Shabalovskaya, SA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 138 TC 60 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 16 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0950-6608 J9 INT MATER REV JI Int. Mater. Rev. PY 2001 VL 46 IS 5 BP 233 EP 250 DI 10.1179/095066001771048745 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 511JG UT WOS:000173260400002 ER PT J AU Chen, GL Liu, CT AF Chen, GL Liu, CT TI Moisture induced environmental embrittlement of intermetallics SO INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE DUCTILITY; GRAIN-BOUNDARY STRENGTH; INTERGRANULAR HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT; L12-ORDERED (CO,FE)3V ALLOYS; LL2 ORDERED ALLOYS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; WATER-VAPOR; STRAIN-RATE; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; IRON ALUMINIDES AB This paper reviews recent investigations of the kinetic aspects of moisture induced environmental embrittlement of intermetallic alloys. The main kinetic steps of the embrittlement include surface adsorption, oxidation to form atomic hydrogen, diffusion of dissolved hydrogen [H] from surface to bulk, and hydrogen induced embrittlement. The first part of the paper reviews the chemical aspects of surface adsorption and oxidation reactions using thermodynamic approaches and kinetic equations. The second part of the paper reviews the aspects of hydrogen diffusion in fcc and bcc related ordered structures and the hydrogen concentration profile at room temperature. Then, three possible cases (diffusion rate limited, adsorption reaction rate limited, and mixed rate limited) and their related kinetic equations are discussed. The influence of certain important kinetic factors on the hydrogen concentration profile is also considered. The beneficial effect of B additions on environmental embrittlement is illustrated by using the kinetic approach. The third part of the paper reviews experimental results of the environmental embrittlement in aluminides, silicides, and other intermetallics. The temperature and strain rate dependence of embrittlement, the susceptibility of various intermetallics to environmental embrittlement, as well as the effects of alloy composition and test environment, are discussed. The last part of the paper describes alloy design principles used for alleviating moisture induced environmental embrittlement at ambient temperatures. As an example, the steps taken to design FeAl alloys resistant to environmental embrittlement are briefly mentioned. (C) 2001 loM Communications Ltd and ASM International. C1 Beijing Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chen, GL (reprint author), Beijing Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM liuct@ornl.gov NR 133 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 12 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0950-6608 EI 1743-2804 J9 INT MATER REV JI Int. Mater. Rev. PY 2001 VL 46 IS 6 BP 253 EP 270 DI 10.1179/095066001771048718 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 518NZ UT WOS:000173675900001 ER PT B AU Garrett, PE Ormand, WE Bauer, RW Becker, JA Bernstein, LA Carpenter, M Janssens, RVF Lister, CJ Seweryniak, D Appelbe, D Cameron, JA Warner, DD Tavukcu, E AF Garrett, PE Ormand, WE Bauer, RW Becker, JA Bernstein, LA Carpenter, M Janssens, RVF Lister, CJ Seweryniak, D Appelbe, D Cameron, JA Warner, DD Tavukcu, E BE Casten, R Jolie, J Kneissl, U Lieb, P TI Nuclear structure of the Alpha=46, tau=1 triplet SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR STRUCTURE PHYSICS: CELEBRATING THE CAREER OF PETER VON BRENTANO LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nuclear Structure Physics (NP 2001) CY MAR 05-08, 2001 CL UNIV GOTTINGEN, GOTTINGEN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Bundesminist Bild & Forsch, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, W E Heraeus Stift, Stadt Gottingen HO UNIV GOTTINGEN ID BAND TERMINATION; F(7/2) SHELL; COULOMB AB Excited states in Cr-46 were sought with the C-12(Ar-36,2n) reaction using GAMMASPHERE and the FMA. The ground state band in Cr-46 was observed up to I-pi = 10(+) (tentatively 12(+)), and the T = 1 band in V-46 has been assigned up to I-pi, = 10(+) (tentatively 12(+)). The Coulomb energy differences are extracted for the even-even mirror pair Cr-46 and Ti-46 up to spin 12. In addition, following the isobaric multiplet mass equation (IMME), a combination of level energies of Cr-46, Ti-46, and V-46 are taken that highlight the isotensor part of the interaction as a function of angular momentum. The results are in good agreement with full fp-shell model calculations, but disagree with calculations based on the cranked shell model. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Garrett, PE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4654-4 PY 2001 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BU96G UT WOS:000177509000019 ER PT B AU Brodsky, SJ AF Brodsky, SJ BE Navarra, FS Robilotta, MR Krein, G TI The light-cone Fock expansion in Quantum Chromodynamics SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON HADRON PHYSICS 2000: TOPICS ON THE STRUCTURE AND INTERACTION OF HADRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Hadron Physics - 2000 International Workshop CY APR 10-15, 2000 CL CARAGUATATUBA, BRAZIL SP CNPq, FAPESP, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, Univ Sao Paulo, CAPES ID VIRTUAL COMPTON-SCATTERING; LARGE MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; TWIST PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; CONSTITUENT QUARK-MODEL; DEUTERON FORM-FACTOR; DRELL-YAN PROCESS; EVOLUTION-EQUATIONS; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES AB A fundamental question in QCD is the non-perturbative structure of hadrons at the amplitude level-not just the single-particle flavor, momentum, and helicity distributions of the quark constituents, but also the multi-quark, gluonic, and hidden-color correlations intrinsic to hadronic and nuclear wavefunctions. The light-cone Fock-state representation of QCD encodes the properties of a hadrons in terms of frame-independent wavefunctions. A number of applications are discussed, including semileptonic B decays, deeply virtual Compton scattering, and dynamical higher twist effects in inclusive reactions. A new type of jet production reaction, "self-resolving diffractive interactions" can provide direct information on the light-cone wavefunctions of hadrons in terms of their quark and gluon degrees of freedom as well as the composition of nuclei in terms of their nucleon and mesonic degrees of freedom. The relation of the intrinsic sea to the light-cone wavefunctions is discussed. The physics of light-cone wavefunctions is illustrated for the quantum fluctuations of an electron. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 152 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4510-6 PY 2001 BP 3 EP 56 PG 54 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT15D UT WOS:000172097700001 ER PT B AU Kharzeev, D AF Kharzeev, D BE Navarra, FS Robilotta, MR Krein, G TI Three lectures on the physics of RHIC SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON HADRON PHYSICS 2000: TOPICS ON THE STRUCTURE AND INTERACTION OF HADRONIC SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Hadron Physics - 2000 International Workshop CY APR 10-15, 2000 CL CARAGUATATUBA, BRAZIL SP CNPq, FAPESP, FAPERJ, FAPERGS, Univ Sao Paulo, CAPES ID LARGE-N LIMIT; SU(L)CIRCLE-TIMES-SU(L) CHIRAL TRANSITION; ENERGY-MOMENTUM-TENSOR; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; GAUGE-THEORIES; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; THETA-DEPENDENCE; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; PHASE-TRANSITION AB Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at BNL has just begun its operation, colliding the nuclei of Cold at unprecedented energies, RHIC is a dedicated QCD machine, and in these lectures I discuss some topics in the physics of hot and dense QCD matter that can be addressed there. The following subjects are considered in the present three lectures: 1. Introduction to the physics of RHIC. 2. Heavy quarkonium as a probe of QCD dynamics. 3. Topological fluctuations near the deconfinement phase transition and the possibility of P and CP violation in hot QCD. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kharzeev, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 163 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4510-6 PY 2001 BP 108 EP 151 PG 44 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT15D UT WOS:000172097700003 ER PT B AU Tschirhart, RS AF Tschirhart, RS BE Hicks, KH TI CP & T adventures in the neutral kaon system SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON STRANGE QUARKS IN HADRONS, NUCLEI AND NUCLEAR MATTER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Strange Quarks in Hadrons, Nuclei and Nuclear Matter CY MAY 12-13, 2000 CL ATHENS, OH SP Ohio Univ, Jefferson Lab, Ohio Univ, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys ID VIOLATION; DECAYS AB The status and prospects for precision measurements of CP and T symmetries in the neutral kaon system are summarized in this brief paper. Particular emphasis will be on the recent results of Re(epsilon '/epsilon) and K-L --> pi (+)pi (-)e(+)e(-) from the CERN NA48 and Fermilab KTeV experiments. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Tschirhart, RS (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4545-9 PY 2001 BP 8 EP 12 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT04J UT WOS:000171762900002 ER PT B AU Kettell, S AF Kettell, S BE Hicks, KH TI Rare kaon decay experiments SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON STRANGE QUARKS IN HADRONS, NUCLEI AND NUCLEAR MATTER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Strange Quarks in Hadrons, Nuclei and Nuclear Matter CY MAY 12-13, 2000 CL ATHENS, OH SP Ohio Univ, Jefferson Lab, Ohio Univ, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys ID SEARCH; K-L->PI(0)NU(NU)OVER-BAR; ENERGY; MODEL AB The current status of rare kaon decay experiments is reviewed. A large number of new results are available from several very sensitive experiments at BNL, FNAL and CERN. New limits in the search for Lepton Flavor Violation are discussed, as are new measurements of the CKM matrix. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kettell, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4545-9 PY 2001 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT04J UT WOS:000171762900003 ER PT B AU Fryer, CL AF Fryer, CL BE Hicks, KH TI Core-collapse supernovae: Nature's laboratory for particle physics SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON STRANGE QUARKS IN HADRONS, NUCLEI AND NUCLEAR MATTER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Strange Quarks in Hadrons, Nuclei and Nuclear Matter CY MAY 12-13, 2000 CL ATHENS, OH SP Ohio Univ, Jefferson Lab, Ohio Univ, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys ID NEUTRINO BURST; EQUATION; SN1987A; PULSARS; STATE; STARS AB Astronomers have long relied upon particle physicists to understand the observable universe, from the Big Bang to stars such as our own Sun. In the past, the transfer of knowledge between astronomers and particle physicists has been in one direction with particle physicists providing astronomers the essential information to understand their observations. But observations of astronomical phenomena can be used to help our understanding of particle physics as well. Because of the extreme densities and temperatures which occur in neutron stars and the outbursts that make them (core-collapse supernovae), astronomers can use the objects to probe aspects of particle physics. During the collapse of a massive star (the formation process of neutron stars), the stellar core reaches densities in excess of 4 x 10(14) g cm(-3) and temperatures above 100 MeV, conditions where kaon condensation may well play an important role. The advantage of using astronomical phenomena as physical laboratories is that they are cheap. Nature will not charge our dwindling NSF grants to produce supernovae. Unfortunately, nature also won't allow us to actively control these explosions either. This makes it extremely difficult to determine fundamental properties of particle physics from astronomy observations. Can neutron stars and supernovae probe kaon condensation? Below I will discuss why I think that, in the future, the link between astronomy and particle physics (and in particular, supernovae and kaon condensation) will become much more of a two-way street, where astronomical observations can provide insight into particle physics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fryer, CL (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B288, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4545-9 PY 2001 BP 53 EP 63 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT04J UT WOS:000171762900008 ER PT B AU Smith, GR AF Smith, GR BE Hicks, KH TI Low energy pi N scattering SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON STRANGE QUARKS IN HADRONS, NUCLEI AND NUCLEAR MATTER LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Strange Quarks in Hadrons, Nuclei and Nuclear Matter CY MAY 12-13, 2000 CL ATHENS, OH SP Ohio Univ, Jefferson Lab, Ohio Univ, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys ID PARTIAL-WAVE ANALYSIS; SIGMA-TERM; NEAR-THRESHOLD; CROSS-SECTIONS; SPECTROMETER; DEUTERIUM; HYDROGEN AB The pion-nucleon sigma term is an explicit measure of chiral symmetry breaking in QCD due to the non-zero light quark masses, which can be used to probe the strange sea quark content of the proton. A review of the experiments which determine Sigma (piN) will be given, focusing on recent work in this area performed at TRIUMF. This includes near threshold pi (+/-)p --> pi (+/-)pi (+)n experiments which provide the most precise measure to date of the I=J=0 pi scattering length a(0)(0), as well as pi (+/-)p elastic scattering differential cross section and analyzing power experiments. The CHAOS group at TRIUMF has recently performed pi (-)p analyzing power measurements through the S-P interference region, down to 51 MeV. Finally, a program of low energy pi (+/-)p differential cross section measurements in the Coulomb-nuclear interference region has begun from which we expect to be able to measure Re(D ($) over bar (+)) at t=0, as well as the S- and P- wave piN scattering lengths a(o+)(+) and a(1+)(+). The connection to Sigma (piN) is made through Re(D ($) over bar (+)) at the Cheng-Dashen point, and the extrapolation to the Cheng-Dashen point is characterized in terms of the threshold parameters a(0+)(+) and a(1+)(+). C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Smith, GR (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 1200 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4545-9 PY 2001 BP 107 EP 114 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BT04J UT WOS:000171762900015 ER PT B AU Holm, DD AF Holm, DD BE Ricca, RL TI Variational principles, geometry and topology of Lagrangian-averaged fluid dynamics SO INTRODUCTION TO THE GEOMETRY AND TOPOLOGY OF FLUID FLOWS SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pedagogical Workshop on Geometry and Topology of Fluid Flows CY SEP 11-22, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP NATO ID CAMASSA-HOLM EQUATIONS; MEAN-FLOW; MODEL AB The Lagrangian average (LA) of the ideal fluid equations preserves their transport structure. This transport structure is responsible for the Kelvin circulation theorem of the LA flow and, hence, for its convection of potential vorticity and its conservation of helicity. Lagrangian averaging also preserves the Euler-Poincare (EP) variational framework that implies the LA fluid equations. This is expressed in the Lagrangian-averaged Euler-Poincare (LAEP) theorem proven here and illustrated for the Lagrangian average Euler (LAE) equations. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Holm, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0206-8 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2001 VL 47 BP 271 EP 291 PG 21 WC Mathematics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BU28C UT WOS:000175559800014 ER PT B AU Trinkle, JC Milgram, RJ AF Trinkle, JC Milgram, RJ GP IEEE IEEE TI Motion planning for planar n-bar mechanisms with revolute joints SO IROS 2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE/RJS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4: EXPANDING THE SOCIETAL ROLE OF ROBOTICS IN THE NEXT MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2001) CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2001 CL MAUI, HI SP IEEE Ind Electr Soc, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers AB Maximizing the use of dual-arm robotic systems requires the development of planning algorithms analogous to those available for single-arm operations. In this paper, the global properties of the configuration spaces of planar n-bar mechanisms (i.e., kinematic chains forming a single closed loop) are used to design a complete motion planning algorithm. Numerical experiments demonstrate the algorithm's superiority over a typical algorithm that uses only local geometric information. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst Principles Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Trinkle, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst Principles Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6612-3 PY 2001 BP 1602 EP 1608 PG 7 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BU64S UT WOS:000176593900254 ER PT B AU Dixon, WE Moses, D Walker, ID Dawson, DM AF Dixon, WE Moses, D Walker, ID Dawson, DM GP IEEE IEEE TI A simulink-based robotic toolkit for simulation and control of the PUMA 560 robot manipulator SO IROS 2001: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE/RJS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-4: EXPANDING THE SOCIETAL ROLE OF ROBOTICS IN THE NEXT MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2001) CY OCT 29-NOV 03, 2001 CL MAUI, HI SP IEEE Ind Electr Soc, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Robot Soc Japan, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers ID CONTROL-SYSTEM DESIGN AB In this paper, a Simulink Robotic Toolkit (SRTK) for the Puma 560 robot manipulator is developed on the MATLAB/SIMULINK-based platform. Through the use of the Real-Time Linux Target and the Real-Time Windows Target, the SRTK can be executed on the Linux or Win32-based operating systems (e.g., Windows 95/98/NT) in real-time. Moreover, the graphical user-friendly nature of Simulink allows the SRTK to be a flexible tool that can easily be customized to fit the specific needs of the user. That is, based on the layered approach of the SRTK, the user can perform operations such as calibration, joint control, Cartesian control, Cartesian PD control, impedance control, some trajectory generation tasks, and real-time simulation of the Puma 560 through a user-friendly MATLAB-based graphical user interface (GUI) without writing any code. One of the key features of the toolkit is that users can easily incorporate additional functionality and hardware through the simple block diagram interface that Simulink provides. Moreover, the MATLAB-based GUI can also easily be modified to allow the user to exploit the added functionality with the GUI by using straightforward MATLAB script files. Hence, the SRTK allows a researcher to use the Puma 560 without the burden of the external issues related to the control, interface, and software issues, while providing for the flexibility for easily modifying components for increased functionality. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dixon, WE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, POB 2008-6305, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6612-3 PY 2001 BP 2202 EP 2207 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA BU64S UT WOS:000176593900347 ER PT J AU Morris, JW Guo, Z Krenn, CR Kim, YH AF Morris, JW Guo, Z Krenn, CR Kim, YH TI The limits of strength and toughness in steel SO ISIJ INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE ultrahigh strength steel; toughness; grain refinement; theory; computational science; Fe11Ni-13Co; lath martensitic steel; ductile-brittle transition; cleavage; environmental embrittlement; hydrogen embrittlement ID TUNGSTEN SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; MARAGING-STEEL; 5.5NI STEEL; AUSTENITE; NANOINDENTATION; EMBRITTLEMENT; MECHANISMS; TRANSITION; NUCLEATION AB The ideal structural steel combines high strength with excellent fracture toughness. In this paper we consider the limits of strength and toughness from two perspectives. The first perspective is theoretical. It has recently become possible to compute the ideal shear and tensile strengths of defect-free crystals. While the ferromagnetism of bcc Fe makes it a particularly difficult problem, we can estimate its limiting proper ties from those of similar materials. The expected behavior at the limit of strength contains many familiar features, including cleavage on {100}, [111] slip on multiple planes, "conditionally" brittle behavior at low temperature and a trend away from brittle behavior on alloying with Ni. The behavior of fee materials at the limit of strength suggests that true cleavage will not happen in austenitic steels. The results predict an ideal cleavage stress near 10.5 GPa, and a shear strength near 6.5 GPa. The second perspective is practical: how to maximize the toughness of high-strength steel. Our discussion here is limited to the subtopic that has been the focus of research in our own group: the use of thermal treatments to inhibit transgranular brittle fracture in lath martensitic steels. The central purpose of the heat treatments described here is grain refinement, and the objective of grain refinement is to limit the crystallographic coherence length for transgranular crack propagation. There are two important sources of transgranular embrittlement: thermal (or, more properly, mechanical) embrittlement at the ductile-brittle transition, and hydrogen embrittlement from improper heat treatment or environmental attack. As we shall discuss, these embrittling mechanisms use different crack paths in lath martensitic steels and, therefore, call for somewhat different remedies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hanyang Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RP Morris, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 72 TC 74 Z9 82 U1 6 U2 38 PU IRON STEEL INST JAPAN KEIDANREN KAIKAN PI TOKYO PA TEKKO KAIKAN-5F, 3-2-10, NIHONBASHI-KAYABACHO, TOKYO, CHUO-KU 103-0025, JAPAN SN 0915-1559 EI 1347-5460 J9 ISIJ INT JI ISIJ Int. PY 2001 VL 41 IS 6 BP 599 EP 611 PG 13 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 444WQ UT WOS:000169423400010 ER PT J AU Philippi, TE Simovich, MA Bauder, ET Moorad, JA AF Philippi, TE Simovich, MA Bauder, ET Moorad, JA TI Habitat ephemerality and hatching fractions of a diapausing anostracan (Crustacea : Branchiopoda) SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BET-HEDGING GERMINATION; DESERT ANNUALS; BRANCHINECTA-SANDIEGONENSIS; DELAYED GERMINATION; EVOLUTIONARY BETS; SAN-DIEGO; ENVIRONMENTS; CALIFORNIA; DORMANCY; BANKS AB Diapause allows aquatic organisms to survive periods of drydown in intermittent pools. However, often not all of the individuals hatch in response to a filling event. This prolonged diapause (diapause lasting through one or more favorable periods) is the likely consequence of several factors. We address the possibility that prolonged diapause in fairy shrimp in Southern California vernal pools is a bet-hedging adaptation to unpredictability in the duration of filling events. Under the simplest bet-hedging model of selection on prolonged diapause, the fraction of eggs hatching in any filling event should approximate the fraction of filling events lasting long enough for successful reproduction. We quantified filling durations in seven pools of coastal San Diego County, California for all winter and spring events between 1983 and 1996. The distributions of filling durations did not differ significantly among pools, so selection should be similar across pools. When the 189 filling durations were combined into a single estimated probability distribution, approximately 28% of the filling events lasted 17 days or longer, the developmental time to first reproduction (under field conditions) in the fairy shrimp Branchinecta sandiegonensis (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) inhabiting these pools. Previous laboratory hatching experiments determined a maximum hatching rate of 28% at 10 degreesC, with lower hatching percentages at higher and lower temperatures. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ San Diego, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ San Diego, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Philippi, TE (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RI Moorad, Jacob/G-7605-2012 NR 35 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 13 PU LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA MERKAZ SAPIR 6/36, GIVAT SHAUL, PO BOX 35409, JERUSALEM 91352, ISRAEL SN 0021-2210 J9 ISRAEL J ZOOL JI Isr. J. Zool. PY 2001 VL 47 IS 4 BP 387 EP 395 DI 10.1092/LU8G-9HVP-YR80-XCL0 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 535PP UT WOS:000174653100007 ER PT B AU Chertkov, M AF Chertkov, M BE Kambe, T Nakano, T Miyauchi, T TI Turbulence in polymer solutions SO IUTAM SYMPOSIUM ON GEOMETRY AND STATISTICS OF TURBULENCE SE FLUID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IUTAM Symposium on Geometry and Statistics of Turbulence CY NOV 01-05, 1999 CL HAYAMA, JAPAN SP Int Union Theoret & Appl Mech, Sci Council Japan, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kajima Fdn, Hewlett Packard Japan Ltd, NEC Corp ID TAYLOR-COUETTE FLOW; PASSIVE SCALAR; VELOCITY-FIELD; INSTABILITY; STATISTICS; TRANSITION AB The constitutive (rheological) equation of state, relating local stress to the rate-of-strain tensor, is derived consistently within the kinetic theory approximation for a dilute solution of elastic polymers in a strong flow. Microscopic polymer parameters (i.e. nonlinear elastic potential and the equilibrium polymer length) enter explicitly this coarse-grained description. This theory describes recent experiments by Groisman and Steinberg [1] on pure elastic turbulence (i.e. a steady state, realized at very low Re number, which is characterized by a non-smooth small-scale velocity distribution). The measured temporal spectra of velocity fluctuations are theoretically explained. A coarse-grained hydrodynamic description of pure elastic turbulence is given by a nonlinear diffusion equation for the velocity gradient tensor. Nonlinear elastic dissipation (originating from the anharmonic polymer elasticity) plays a key role in the emergence of the small scale turbulence. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chertkov, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6711-1 J9 FLUID MEC A PY 2001 VL 59 BP 313 EP 318 PG 6 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Mechanics; Physics GA BS09M UT WOS:000168606700040 ER PT B AU Auciello, O Tucek, JC Sumant, T Carlisle, JA Gruen, DM Ding, MQ Angadi, M AF Auciello, O Tucek, JC Sumant, T Carlisle, JA Gruen, DM Ding, MQ Angadi, M BE Hunt, CE Chakhovskoi, AG Chubun, NN Hajra, M TI Fabrication of low voltage gated microtip arrays with low work function Cu-Li alloy or amorphous diamond coatings and comparison of field emission properties SO IVMC 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 14TH INTERNATIONAL VACUUM MICROELECTRONICES CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Vacuum Microelectronics Conference CY AUG 12-16, 2001 CL UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DAVIS, CA SP Univ Calif, Davis Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IEEE Electron Devices Soc HO UNIV CALIF DAVIS C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7197-6 PY 2001 BP 99 EP 100 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT14F UT WOS:000172068300050 ER PT J AU Afonin, AG Baranov, VT Biryukov, VM Kotov, VI Maisheev, VA Terekhov, VI Troyanov, EF Fedotov, YS Chepegin, VN Chesnokov, YA Ivanov, YM Guidi, V Martinelli, G Stefanchik, M Vincenzi, D Trboevich, D Scandale, V Breese, MBH AF Afonin, AG Baranov, VT Biryukov, VM Kotov, VI Maisheev, VA Terekhov, VI Troyanov, EF Fedotov, YS Chepegin, VN Chesnokov, YA Ivanov, YM Guidi, V Martinelli, G Stefanchik, M Vincenzi, D Trboevich, D Scandale, V Breese, MBH TI Advances in the investigation of the extraction of a proton beam from the U-70 accelerator with the aid of bent single crystals SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION AB The efficiency of the extraction of a beam from an accelerator is radically improved owing to the application of short crystals of length up to 1.8 mm bent through a small angle of about 1 mrad. This success is due to an increase in the multiplicity of particle transmission through the crystal used. A record efficiency of the extraction of 70-GeV protons in excess of 80% is achieved experimentally, this result being in agreement with theoretical predictions. It is shown that the crystal can efficiently operate at the injection energy of 1.3 GeV. (C) 2001 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142284, Moscow Region, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Leningrad Reg, Russia. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. RP Afonin, AG (reprint author), Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142284, Moscow Region, Russia. RI Breese, Mark/G-2068-2012; Vincenzi, Donato/J-5064-2012; Biryukov, Valery/C-8432-2017; OI Biryukov, Valery/0000-0002-3591-7762; guidi, vincenzo/0000-0001-9726-8481 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PY 2001 VL 74 IS 1 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1134/1.1402207 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 463QK UT WOS:000170488600013 ER PT J AU Chertkov, M Gabitov, I Kolokolov, I Lebedev, V AF Chertkov, M Gabitov, I Kolokolov, I Lebedev, V TI Shedding and interaction of solitons in imperfect medium SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL FIBERS; PERTURBATION-THEORY AB The propagation of a soliton pattern through one-dimensional medium with weakly disordered dispersion is considered. Solitons, perturbed by this disorder, radiate. The emergence of a long-range interaction between the solitons, mediated by the radiation, is reported. Basic soliton patterns are analyzed. The interaction is triple and is extremely sensitive to the phase mismatch and relative spatial separations within the pattern. This phenomenon is a generic feature of any problem explaining adiabatic evolution of solitons through a medium with frozen disorder. (C) 2001 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Siberian Div, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117334, Russia. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Chertkov, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; OI Kolokolov, Igor/0000-0002-7961-8588 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PY 2001 VL 74 IS 7 BP 357 EP 361 DI 10.1134/1.1427121 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 498VZ UT WOS:000172534200002 ER PT J AU Magunov, AI Pikuz, TA Skobelev, IY Faenov, AY Blasco, F Dorchies, F Caillaud, T Bonte, C Salin, F Stenz, C Loboda, PA Litvinenko, IA Popova, VV Baidin, GV Junkel-Vives, GC Abdallah, J AF Magunov, AI Pikuz, TA Skobelev, IY Faenov, AY Blasco, F Dorchies, F Caillaud, T Bonte, C Salin, F Stenz, C Loboda, PA Litvinenko, IA Popova, VV Baidin, GV Junkel-Vives, GC Abdallah, J TI Influence of ultrashort laser pulse duration on the X-ray emission spectrum of plasma produced in cluster target SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KR CLUSTERS; EXPLOSION; DYNAMICS; IONS AB Line emission spectrum of a laser plasma produced in an argon cluster jet target was measured on the n(1)P(1)-1(1)S(0) (n = 5-9) transitions of the helium-like Ar XVII ion for a pulse duration varying from 45 fs to 1.1 ps and a constant fluence of similar to 10(5) J/cm(2). The independent modeling of the relative intensities of the transitions from the n = 5, ..., 10 levels, as well as of the 2(1)P(1)-1(2)S(0) and 2(3)P(1)-1(2)S(0) lines and dielectronic satellites indicates that the electron temperature is anomalously low and that the electron density in emitting plasma increases with shortening the laser pulse. The excitation from the ground state by a small fraction of hot electrons is expected to be the main channel of populating the Ar XVII levels. (C) 2001 MAIK "Nauka/ Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen Phys, Moscow 119991, Russia. State Sci Ctr, Res Inst Physicotech & Radio Engn Measurements, Mendeleyevsk 141570, Moscow Region, Russia. CELIA, F-33405 Talence, France. Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, All Russia Res Inst Tech Phys, Snezhinsk 456770, Chelyabinskaya, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Magunov, AI (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen Phys, Ul Vavilova 38, Moscow 119991, Russia. NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PY 2001 VL 74 IS 7 BP 375 EP 379 DI 10.1134/1.1427125 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 498VZ UT WOS:000172534200006 ER PT J AU Chertkov, M Gabitov, I Kolokolov, I Lebedev, V AF Chertkov, M Gabitov, I Kolokolov, I Lebedev, V TI Solitons in a disordered anisotropic optical medium SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLARIZATION-MODE DISPERSION; RANDOMLY VARYING BIREFRINGENCE; PULSE-PROPAGATION; FIBERS AB The radiation-mediated interaction of solitons in a one-dimensional nonlinear medium (optical fiber) with birefringent disorder is shown to be independent of the separation between solitons. The effect produces a potentially dangerous contribution to the signal lost. (C) 2001 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Siberian Div, Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117334, Russia. RP Chertkov, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Chertkov, Michael/O-8828-2015; OI Kolokolov, Igor/0000-0002-7961-8588 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PY 2001 VL 74 IS 11 BP 535 EP 538 DI 10.1134/1.1450285 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 512GN UT WOS:000173316800004 ER PT J AU Kusenko, A Kuzmin, VA AF Kusenko, A Kuzmin, VA TI Possible galactic sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays and a strategy for their detection via gravitational lensing SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERHEAVY DARK-MATTER; ZATSEPIN-KUZMIN CUTOFF; SPECTRUM; NEUTRINOS; PARTICLES; INFLATION; ARRAY; HALO AB If decays of superheavy relic particles in the galactic halo are responsible for ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays, these particles must be clustered to account for small-scale anisotropy in the AGASA data. We show that the masses of such clusters are large enough for them to gravitationally lens stars and galaxies in the background. We propose a general strategy that can be used to detect such clusters via gravitational lensing, or to rule out the hypothesis of decaying relic particles as the origin of highest energy cosmic rays. (C) 2001 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. RP Kusenko, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PY 2001 VL 73 IS 9 BP 443 EP 445 DI 10.1134/1.1385653 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 449AH UT WOS:000169661800002 ER PT B AU Joslyn, C AF Joslyn, C BE Smith, MH Gruver, WA Hall, LO TI Measures of distortion in possibilistic approximations of consistent random sets and intervals SO JOINT 9TH IFSA WORLD CONGRESS AND 20TH NAFIPS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS. 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International-Fuzzy-Systems-Association World Congress/20th North-American-Fuzzy-Information-Processing-Society, International Conference CY JUL 25-28, 2001 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Fuzzy Syst Assoc, N Amer Fuzzy Informat Proc Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, IEEE, Neural Networks Council AB The available of probability or possibility measures for random set (Dempster-Shafer evidence theoretical) structures are highly desirable. Probabilistic conditions involve disjointness or specificity, while possibilistic conditions involve consonance of the underlying focal elements. Consistency results in possibilistic distributions, but not measures, but then a unique approximation is available. Especially in random interval measurement situations, this condition is common. in this paper we develop some of the mathematical ideas necessary to develop a measure of the distortion introduced by this consonant approximation of a consistent random set. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Joslyn, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7078-3 PY 2001 BP 1735 EP 1740 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BT52S UT WOS:000173245100306 ER PT J AU Giunta, RK Kander, RG AF Giunta, RK Kander, RG TI Failure surface analysis of polyimide/titanium notched coating adhesion specimens SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Adhesion-Society CY FEB 20-23, 2000 CL MYRTLE BEACH, SOUTH CAROLINA SP Adhes Soc DE polyimide; interphase; PETI-5 adhesive; chromic acid anodization; Ti6Al-4V; pore penetration ID IMIDE OLIGOMERS; DURABILITY; EPOXY; JOINTS; BONDS AB Adhesively-bonded joints of LaRC(TM) PETI-5, a phenylethynyl-terminated polyimide, with chromic acid anodized titanium were fabricated and debonded interfacially. The adhesive-substrate failure surfaces were investigated using several surface analysis techniques. From Auger spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy studies, polymer appears to be penetrating the pores of the anodized substrate to a depth of approximately 100 nm. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data, the polymer penetrating the pores appears to be in electrical contact with the titanium oxide, leading to differential charging. These analyses confirm that the polymer is becoming mechanically interlocked within the substrate surface. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Giunta, RK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS0958,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PY 2001 VL 77 IS 3 BP 183 EP 214 DI 10.1080/00218460108030738 PG 32 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 516DJ UT WOS:000173536300001 ER PT J AU Kent, MS Yim, H Matheson, A Cogdill, C Nelson, G Reedy, ED AF Kent, MS Yim, H Matheson, A Cogdill, C Nelson, G Reedy, ED TI Use of self-assembled monolayers at variable coverage to control interface bonding in a model study of interfacial fracture: Pure shear loading SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Meeting of the Adhesion-Society CY FEB 20-23, 2000 CL MYRTLE BEACH, SOUTH CAROLINA SP Adhes Soc DE interfacial fracture; interface strength; fundamental interactions; self-assembling monolayers; structural adhesive; fracture mechanisms; failure criteria ID POLYMER INTERFACES; ADHESION HYSTERESIS; BLOCK COPOLYMERS; CHAIN PULLOUT; FILMS; MECHANISMS; SILICON; REFLECTIVITY; FAILURE; GROWTH AB The relationships between fundamental interfacial interactions, energy dissipation mechanisms, and fracture stress or fracture energy in a glassy thermoset/inorganic solid joint are not well understood. This subject is addressed with a model system involving an epoxy adhesive on a polished silicon wafer containing its native oxide. The proportions of physical and chemical interactions at the interface, and the in-plane distribution, are varied using self-assembling monolayers of octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS). The epoxy interacts strongly with the bare silicon oxide surface, but interacts only weakly with the methylated tails of the ODTS monolayer. The fracture stress is examined as a function of ODTS coverage in the napkin-ring (nominally pure shear) loading geometry. The relationship between fracture stress and ODTS coverage is catastrophic, with a large change in fracture stress occurring over a narrow range of ODTS coverage. This transition in fracture stress does not correspond to a wetting transition of the epoxy. Rather, the transition in fracture stress corresponds to the onset of large-scale plastic deformation within the epoxy. We postulate that the transition in fracture stress occurs when the local stress that the interface can support becomes comparable to the yield stress of the epoxy. The fracture results are independent of whether the ODTS deposition occurs by island growth (T-dep = 10 degreesC) or by homogeneous growth (T-dep = 24 degreesC). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kent, MS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH PUBLISHING, TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, 8TH FL, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PY 2001 VL 75 IS 3 BP 267 EP 298 DI 10.1080/00218460108029605 PG 32 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 470FJ UT WOS:000170859500002 ER PT J AU Zhang, XD Zhang, H Grylls, RJ Lienert, TJ Brice, C Fraser, HL Keicher, DM Schlienger, ME AF Zhang, XD Zhang, H Grylls, RJ Lienert, TJ Brice, C Fraser, HL Keicher, DM Schlienger, ME TI Laser-deposited advanced materials SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID TIAL ALLOYS; FRACTURE AB Microstructure of advanced metallic components produced by Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) has been characterized using optical microscopy, SEM and TEM. It has been shown that the substrate has a significant effect on the microstructures of deposited materials. The manifestation of this effect varies with the alloy system, for example, in 316 stainless steel a thin 1-10 mum epitaxial layer is formed between the substrate and the deposit, and in Ti-6Al-4V a thick 500-1000 mum layer, consisting of martensite plates, has been observed to separate the substrate and the deposit. A promising microstructure generated in TiAl alloy offers a great potential for significant improvement of tensile strength and ductility in these alloys. C1 Reynolds Met Co, Chester, VA 23831 USA. EWI, Evendale, OH USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Optomec Design Co, Albuquerque, NM USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Reynolds Met Co, Chester, VA 23831 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAMPE PUBLISHERS PI COVINA PA 1161 PARKVIEW DRIVE, COVINA, CA 91722 USA SN 1070-9789 J9 J ADV MATER-COVINA JI J. Adv. Mater. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 33 IS 1 BP 17 EP 23 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 422XQ UT WOS:000168144900005 ER PT J AU Duan, YX Su, YX Jin, Z Koby, M Majidi, V AF Duan, YX Su, YX Jin, Z Koby, M Majidi, V TI Measurements of calcium isotopes and isotope ratios: a new method based on helium plasma source "off-cone" sampling time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID STABLE ISOTOPES; LASER-DESORPTION; ICP-MS; IONIZATION; INTERFERENCES; QUANTITATION; ABSORPTION; TRACERS; CYCLE; CA AB Operation of a helium-based low-power microwave plasma under "off-cone" sampling mode can lead to significant background suppression without sacrificing the analyte signal intensity. The nearly clean background spectrum obtained with "off-cone" sampling provides a unique approach for isotope ratio measurements, especially for low-mass elements that are often problematic. In this work, calcium isotopes and isotope ratios are quantitatively measured using "off-cone" sampling with microwave plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The viability of measurements for all calcium isotopes, from the most abundant isotope (Ca-40) to the least abundant isotope (Ca-46), has been established for this technique. Several calcium isotope ratios are measured and calculated through both elemental calcium ion peaks and molecular calcium ion peaks. The relative standard deviations (RSD) for isotope ratios measured are in a range of 1.2 to 2.5% for commonly used major calcium isotopes. The absolute measurement errors are around 0.8% or less in most cases for major isotopes. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duan, YX (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C-9,MS K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 7 BP 756 EP 761 DI 10.1039/b102735m PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 455PA UT WOS:000170034200007 ER PT J AU Liu, HC Mao, XG Russo, RE AF Liu, HC Mao, XG Russo, RE TI Representative sampling using single-pulse laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; GLASS SAMPLES; FRACTIONATION; INTENSITY; SILICON AB Single pulse laser ablation sampling with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was assessed for accurate chemical analysis. Elemental fractionation (e.g. Pb/U), the quantity of ablated mass (crater volume), ICP-MS intensity and the particle contribution (spike signal) during single pulse ablation of NIST 610 glass were investigated. Pb/U fractionation significantly changed between the first and second laser pulse and showed strong irradiance dependence. The Pb/U ratio obtained by the first pulse was usually higher than that of the second pulse, with the average value close to the representative level. Segregation during laser ablation is proposed to explain the composition change between the first and second pulse. Crater volume measurements showed that the second pulse produced significantly more ablated mass. A roll-off of the crater depth occurred at similar to 750 GW cm(-2). The absolute ICP-MS intensity from the second pulse showed no correlation with crater depth. Particle induced spikes on the transit signal showed irradiance and elemental species dependence. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2001 VL 16 IS 10 BP 1115 EP 1120 DI 10.1039/b101421h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 484UJ UT WOS:000171707700001 ER PT J AU Nagasubramanian, G AF Nagasubramanian, G TI Electrical characteristics of 18650 Li-ion cells at low temperatures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE energy density; Li-ion cells; power density; Ragone data; three-electrode impedance ID RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; IMPEDANCE AB Low temperature electrical performance characteristics of A&T, Moli, and Panasonic 18650 Li-ion cells are described. Ragone plots of energy and power data of the cells for different temperatures from 25 degreesC to -40 degreesC are compared. Although the electrical performance of these cells at and around room temperature is respectable, at temperatures below 0 degreesC the performance is poor. For example, the delivered power and energy densities of the Panasonic cells at 25 degreesC are similar to 800 W l(-1) and similar to 100 Wh l(-1), respectively, and those at -40 degreesC are < 10 W l(-1) and similar to5 Wh l(-1). To identify the source for this poor performance at subambient temperatures, both two- and three-electrode impedance studies were made on these cells. The two-electrode impedance data suggests that the cell ohmic resistance remains nearly constant from 25 to -20 degreesC but increases modestly at -40 degreesC while the overall cell impedance increases by an order of magnitude over the same temperature range. The three-electrode impedance data of the A&T cells show that the increase in cell resistance comes mostly from the cathode electrolyte interface and very little either from the anode electrolyte interface or from the ohmic resistance of the cell. This suggests that the poor performance of the cells comes mainly from the high cathode-electrolyte interfacial impedance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Lithium Battery R&D 2521, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nagasubramanian, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Lithium Battery R&D 2521, MS 0613, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 33 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-891X J9 J APPL ELECTROCHEM JI J. Appl. Electrochem. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 31 IS 1 BP 99 EP 104 DI 10.1023/A:1004113825283 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 394WE UT WOS:000166545600013 ER PT J AU Liou, YA Teng, YT Van Hove, T Liljegren, JC AF Liou, YA Teng, YT Van Hove, T Liljegren, JC TI Comparison of precipitable water observations in the near tropics by GPS, microwave radiometer, and radiosondes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL-POSITIONING-SYSTEM; VAPOR; METEOROLOGY; CLOUD; TEMPERATURE; ACCURACY AB The sensing of precipitable water (PW) using the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the near Tropics is investigated. GPS data acquired from the Central Weather Bureau's Taipei weather station in Banchao (Taipei), Taiwan, and each of nine International GPS Service (IGS) stations were utilized to determine independently the PW at the Taipei site from 18 to 24 March 1998. Baselines between Taipei and the other nine stations range from 676 to 3009 km. The PW determined from GPS observations for the nine baseline cases are compared with measurements by a dual-channel water vapor radiometer (WVR) and radiosondes at the Taipei site. Although previous results from other locations show that the variability in the rms difference between GPS- and WVR-observed PW ranges from 1 to 2 mm, a variability of 2.2 mm is found. The increase is consistent with scaling of the variability with the total water vapor burden (PW). In addition, accurate absolute PW estimates from GPS data for baseline lengths between 1500 and 3000 km were obtained. Previously, 500 and 2000 km have been recommended in the literature as the minimum baseline length needed for accurate absolute PW estimation. An exception occurs when GPS data acquired in Guam, one of the nine IGS stations, were utilized. This result is a possible further indication that the rms difference between GPS- and WVR-measured PW is dependent on the total water vapor burden, because both Taipei and Guam are located in more humid regions than the other stations. C1 Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 320, Taiwan. Natl Cent Univ, Inst Space Sci, Chungli 320, Taiwan. Univ Corp Atmospher Res, GPS Sci & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liou, YA (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Ctr Space & Remote Sensing Res, Chungli 320, Taiwan. RI Liou, Yuei-An/L-8116-2013 OI Liou, Yuei-An/0000-0002-8100-5529 NR 30 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 1 BP 5 EP 15 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0005:COPWOI>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393NF UT WOS:000166476000001 ER PT J AU Kyriakidis, PC Kim, J Miller, NL AF Kyriakidis, PC Kim, J Miller, NL TI Geostatistical mapping of precipitation from rain gauge data using atmospheric and terrain characteristics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; SPATIAL INTERPOLATION; MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; RIVER FLOW; MODEL; CALIFORNIA; WINTER; PREDICTION AB A geostatistical framework for integrating lower-atmosphere state variables and terrain characteristics into the spatial interpolation of rainfall is presented. Lower-atmosphere state variables considered are specific humidity and wind, derived from an assimilated data product from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR reanalysis). These variables, along with terrain elevation and its gradient from a 1-km-resolution digital elevation model, are used for constructing additional rainfall predictors, such as the amount of moisture subject to orographic lifting; these latter predictors quantify the interaction of lower-atmosphere characteristics with local terrain. A "first-guess'' field of precipitation estimates is constructed via a multiple regression model using collocated rain gauge observations and rainfall predictors. The final map of rainfall estimates is derived by adding to this initial field a field of spatially interpolated residuals, which accounts for local deviations from the regression-based first-guess field. Several forms of spatial interpolation (kriging), which differ in the degree of complexity of the first-guess field, are considered for mapping the seasonal average of daily precipitation for the period from 1 November 1981 to 31 January 1982 over a region in northern California at 1-km resolution. The different interpolation schemes are compared in terms of cross-validation statistics and the spatial characteristics of cross-validation errors. The results indicate that integration of low-atmosphere and terrain information in a geostatistical framework could lead to more accurate representations of the spatial distribution of rainfall than those found in traditional analyses based only on rain gauge data. The magnitude of this latter improvement, however, would depend on the density of the rain gauge stations, on the spatial variability of the precipitation field, and on the degree of correlation between rainfall and its predictors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Reg Climat Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kyriakidis, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Ellison Hall 5710, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Miller, Norman/E-6897-2010; OI Kyriakidis, Phaedon/0000-0003-4222-8567 NR 41 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1855 EP 1877 DI 10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<1855:GMOPFR>2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 486BF UT WOS:000171798000005 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Liu, S Xia, B Zhang, C Palumbo, AV Phelps, TJ AF Zhou, J Liu, S Xia, B Zhang, C Palumbo, AV Phelps, TJ TI Molecular characterization and diversity of thermophilic iron-reducing enrichment cultures from deep subsurface environments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SP-NOV; FE(III)-REDUCING BACTERIA; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; DATABASE PROJECT; GEN-NOV; REDUCTION; PCR; AMPLIFICATION; MANGANESE AB Aims: The objectives of this work were to explore the diversity in Fe(III)-reducing enrichment cultures from the deep subsurface and to identify; strains involved in metal reduction. Methods and Results: Analyses of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) of enrichments, supplemented with hydrogen, acetate or pyruvate as an electron donor, identified three dominant operational taxonomic units (OTUs). All cultures exhibited considerable diversity (36-24 OTUs), even after being transferred at least nine times. Two OTUs were present in all three cultures, constituting about 65% of the total clones examined. Conclusions: Dominant OTUs appeared to be most closely related to Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus or T. kivui. One OTU, which is potentially responsible for autotrophic Fe(III) reduction, was only about 95% similar to T. ethanolicus and may represent a new species. Significance and Impact of the Study: An unexpectedly high diversity was found in these enrichments and this diversity may be a feature that can be exploited. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Zhou, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 90 IS 1 BP 96 EP 105 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01192.x PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 403QY UT WOS:000167055000011 PM 11155128 ER PT J AU Park, J Henins, I Herrmann, HW Selwyn, GS AF Park, J Henins, I Herrmann, HW Selwyn, GS TI Gas breakdown in an atmospheric pressure radio-frequency capacitive plasma source SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID JET; DISCHARGES AB Gas breakdown is studied in an atmospheric pressure rf capacitive plasma source developed for materials applications. At a rf frequency of 13.56 MHz, breakdown voltage is largely a function of the product of the pressure and the discharge gap spacing, approximating the Paschen curve. However, breakdown voltage varies substantially with rf frequency due to a change in the electron loss mechanism. A large increase in breakdown voltage is observed when argon, oxygen, or nitrogen is added to helium despite their lower ionization potential. Discussion is given for optimal breakdown conditions at atmospheric pressure. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 129 Z9 136 U1 4 U2 51 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1063/1.1323754 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 387JF UT WOS:000166118900004 ER PT J AU Park, J Henins, I Herrmann, HW Selwyn, GS Hicks, RF AF Park, J Henins, I Herrmann, HW Selwyn, GS Hicks, RF TI Discharge phenomena of an atmospheric pressure radio-frequency capacitive plasma source SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RF DISCHARGE; JET AB Discharge phenomena of a nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma source have been studied. An atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) operates using rf power and produces a stable homogeneous discharge at atmospheric pressure. After breakdown, the APPJ operation is divided into two regimes, a "normal" operating mode when the discharge is stable and homogeneous, and a "failure" mode when the discharge converts into a filamentary arc. Current and voltage (I-V) characteristics and spatially resolved emission intensity profiles have been measured during the normal operating mode. These measurements show that the APPJ produces an alpha (alpha) mode rf capacitive discharge. Based upon a dimensional analysis using the observed I-V characteristics, a rough estimate is made for plasma density of 3 x 10(11) cm(-3) and an electron temperature of 2 eV. In addition, the gas temperature of 120 degreesC has been spectroscopically measured inside the discharge. These plasma parameters indicate that the APPJ shows promise for various materials applications as it can produce substantial amounts of reactive species and avoid thermal damages, while having the advantage of atmospheric pressure operation. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Plasma Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 204 Z9 214 U1 2 U2 49 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.1063/1.1323753 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 387JF UT WOS:000166118900005 ER PT J AU Garces, NY Stevens, KT Halliburton, LE Demos, SG Radousky, HB Zaitseva, NP AF Garces, NY Stevens, KT Halliburton, LE Demos, SG Radousky, HB Zaitseva, NP TI Identification of electron and hole traps in KH2PO4 crystals SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; SPIN-RESONANCE; ABSORPTION; DEFECTS; CENTERS AB Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has been used to characterize a hole trap and several electron traps in single crystals of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4 or KDP). The paramagnetic charge states of these centers are produced by ionizing radiation (e.g., x rays or a 266 nm beam from a pulsed Nd:YAG laser) and are stable for days and even weeks at room temperature. One center consists of a hole trapped on an oxygen ion adjacent to a silicon impurity located on a phosphorus site. This defect has a small, but easily observed, hyperfine interaction with the adjacent substitutional proton. The other centers are formed when an electron is trapped at an oxygen vacancy. These latter defects are best described as (PO3)(2-) molecular ions, where the primary phosphorus nucleus is responsible for a large hyperfine splitting (500-800 G in magnitude). Five EPR spectra representing variations of these oxygen vacancy centers are observed, with the differences being attributed to the relative position of a nearby cation vacancy, either a missing proton or potassium. An angular study of the EPR spectra, conducted at room temperature, provided principal values and principal directions for the g matrices and hyperfine matrices for the hole center and two of the electron centers. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94580 USA. RP Halliburton, LE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 26 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 DI 10.1063/1.1320030 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 387JF UT WOS:000166118900009 ER PT J AU Kim, KJ Lee, SJ Wiener, TA Lynch, DW AF Kim, KJ Lee, SJ Wiener, TA Lynch, DW TI Optical and magneto-optical investigation on electronic structure of ordered ferromagnetic Fe3Pt SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALLOYS; FE; EXCITATIONS; PHASES AB The optical and magneto-optical properties of ordered Fe3Pt have been investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry and magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopy. The diagonal component of the optical conductivity tensor of the compound exhibits a broad absorption peak at about 2 eV, which is shifted by about 0.5 eV to lower energies from the corresponding one in pure bcc Fe. The Kerr angle spectrum of the compound disperses quite similarly in both spectral trend and magnitude to that of pure Fe below 3.5 eV but differently above it. The lower-energy shift of the 2-eV-absorption structure of the compound is interpreted as due to the shift of the minority-spin Fe-d states toward E-F through the hybridization with Pt-d states. The Kerr effect of the compound is attributable to a large spin-orbit coupling in Pt as well as the well-hybridized spin-polarized bands. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kim, KJ (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1 BP 244 EP 248 DI 10.1063/1.1331064 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 387JF UT WOS:000166118900039 ER PT J AU Osborn, DL Leone, SR AF Osborn, DL Leone, SR TI Spectral and intensity dependence of spatially resolved two-photon conductivity defects on a GaAsP photodiode SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; WAVE-GUIDE; 2-PHOTON PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; LASER-PULSES; AUTOCORRELATOR; SEMICONDUCTORS; PHOTOCURRENT; ABSORPTION; RESOLUTION; DEVICES AB Femtosecond laser excitation through a near-field scanning optical microscope is used to study spatially resolved defects in the two-photon conductivity of a GaAs0.6P0.4 diffusion type photodiode. Two types of defects are observed when the photodiode is excited with femtosecond pulses below the bulk band gap energy. Photocurrent enhancement defects show a higher photocurrent than the surrounding areas and are driven by both one-and two-photon processes. These defects are often correlated with pits in the photodiode surface. Photocurrent depression defects have the normal two-photon power dependence and are not associated with surface pits. Based on the low measured coverage of both defect sites, the performance of GaAsP in auto- and cross correlators will be unaffected in most situations. A deviation in alloy stoichiometry, in which localized areas are rich in arsenic while poor in phosphorus, provides the best explanation for the origin of the enhancement defects. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Phys Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Leone, SR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Phys Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Osborn, David/A-2627-2009 NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1 BP 626 EP 633 DI 10.1063/1.1329351 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 387JF UT WOS:000166118900097 ER PT J AU Zhang, T Kwok, DTK Chu, PK Brown, IG AF Zhang, T Kwok, DTK Chu, PK Brown, IG TI Guiding effects of electric and magnetic fields on the plasma output of a cathodic arc magnetic filter SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SURFACE MODIFICATION; ION-IMPLANTATION; VACUUM; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; DUCT AB A magnetic filter was inserted between the cathodic arc plasma source and chamber to reduce the amount of macroparticles transmitted from the plasma to the sample. The plasma output of the magnetic filter was determined as a function of magnetic field and bias voltage, for the cases when the bias was applied to the entire duct wall or to a Bilek bias plate alone. The factors affecting plasma diffusion in the duct were investigated. As well as collisional and inhomogeneous magnetic field effects, our computer simulation and experimental results indicate that the ExB drift results in an additional diffusion flux for the case when a Bilek bias plate is used. Hence the Bilek biasing mode results in a lower plasma output than for the case in which the entire duct is biased. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Peoples R China. Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Low Energy Nucl Phys, Beijing Radiat Ctr, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, 83 Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon, Peoples R China. EM paul.chu@cityu.eud.hk RI Chu, Paul/B-5923-2013 OI Chu, Paul/0000-0002-5581-4883 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1 BP 672 EP 675 DI 10.1063/1.1330240 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 387JF UT WOS:000166118900104 ER PT J AU Wu, J Walukiewicz, W Haller, EE AF Wu, J Walukiewicz, W Haller, EE TI Calculation of the ground state of shallow donors in GaAs1-xNx SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP ENERGY; LASER-DIODES; GAINNAS; ALLOYS; GANAS AB The ground-state binding energy and the Bohr radius of shallow donors in GaAs1-xNx alloys are determined as a function of the nitrogen atomic fraction using variational principle calculations. The calculations show that the ground state is strongly affected by the N-induced changes of the conduction band structure and the possible increase of the dielectric constant. Most importantly, large effects are predicted for the case of a Coulomb potential screened by free charge carriers. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Appl Sci & Technol Grad Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Walukiewicz, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Junqiao/G-7840-2011 OI Wu, Junqiao/0000-0002-1498-0148 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1 BP 789 EP 791 DI 10.1063/1.1324999 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 387JF UT WOS:000166118900121 ER PT J AU Merdink, JL Bull, RJ Schultz, IR AF Merdink, JL Bull, RJ Schultz, IR TI Toxicokinetics of bromodichloroacetate in B6C3F1 mice SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bromodichloroacetate; dichloroacetate; toxicokinetics; B6C3F1 mice ID DICHLOROACETIC-ACID; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; DRINKING-WATER; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; METABOLISM; LIVER; RATS AB The oral and i.v. elimination kinetics were investigated for bromodichloroacetate (BDCA), a haloacetate found in drinking mater. The BDCA was administered at a dose of 5, 20 and 100 mg kg(-1) to B6C3F1 mice and appears to distribute to the total body water with a mean volume of distribution of 427 +/- 79 ml kg(-1). It is subject to first-pass hepatic metabolism with a range of bioavailabilities of 0.28-0.73. A mean terminal half-life of 1.37 +/- 0.21 h, was calculated from the two lower doses of both i.v. and oral administration. Non-linear behavior was exhibited at doses greater than 20 mg kg(-1), with a much higher than expected area under the curve (AUC), a decrease in total body clearance (CLb) and an increase in the terminal half-life to 2.3 h at the highest dose. The average CLb was 220 ml h(-1) kg(-1) for the lower two doses but decreased to 156 ml h(-1) kg(-1) at the high dose. The BDCA is primarily eliminated by metabolism, with only 2.4% of the parent dose being recovered in the urine at the high dose. The unbound renal clearance, as calculated from the high dose, was 15.0 ml h(-1) kg(-1). The BDCA is moderately bound to plasma proteins (f(u)= 0.28) and preferentially distributes to the plasma with a blood/plasma ratio of 0.88. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, Grad Program Pharmacol & Toxicol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Schultz, IR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,P7-56, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 21 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1002/jat.732 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 399XA UT WOS:000166838500007 PM 11180280 ER PT J AU Reynolds, RM Miller, MA Bartholomew, MJ AF Reynolds, RM Miller, MA Bartholomew, MJ TI Design, operation, and calibration of a shipboard fast-rotating shadowband spectral radiometer SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SATELLITE; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; AEROSOLS; OCEANS; COLOR; SPACE; SUN AB This paper describes the design, calibration, and deployment of a fast-rotating shadowband radiometer (FRSR) that accurately decomposes downward shortwave (solar) irradiance into direct-beam and diffuse components from a moving platform, such as a ship on the ocean. The FRSR has seven channels, one broad-band silicone detector, and six 10-nm-wide channels at 415, 500, 610, 660, 860, and 940 nm. The shadowband technique produces estimates of the direct-beam normal irradiance, the diffuse irradiance (sky component), and the total irradiance. The direct-beam normal irradiances produce time series of aerosol optical thickness. A proven ability to derive meaningful at-sea estimates of aerosol optical depth from an economical, automated, and reliable instrument opens the way to a distributed network of such measurements from volunteer observing ships in all areas of the World Ocean. The processing algorithms are key to the instrument's ability to derive direct-normal beam irradiance without gimbals and a gyro-stabilized table. At-sea Langley plots were produced during the Aerosols99 cruise of the R/V Ronald H. Brown from Norfolk, Virginia, to Cape Town, South Africa. A Langley calibration of the instrument at the Mauna Loa Observatory confirmed prior calibrations and demonstrated that the calibration was stable over the duration of the cruise. The standard deviation in all plots was of the order 2% for all channels. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Reynolds, RM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Environm Sci, Bldg 490d, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 2 BP 200 EP 214 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<0200:DOACOA>2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 398CB UT WOS:000166737400006 ER PT J AU Dutton, EG Michalsky, JJ Stoffel, T Forgan, BW Hickey, J Nelson, DW Alberta, TL Reda, I AF Dutton, EG Michalsky, JJ Stoffel, T Forgan, BW Hickey, J Nelson, DW Alberta, TL Reda, I TI Measurement of broadband diffuse solar irradiance using current commercial instrumentation with a correction for thermal offset errors SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE SHORTWAVE IRRADIANCE; RADIATION MEASUREMENTS; CLIMATE; PYRANOMETERS; ALGORITHM; EARTH AB Diffuse-sky solar irradiance is an important quantity for radiation budget research, particularly as it relates to climate. Diffuse irradiance is one component of the total downwelling solar irradiance and contains information on the amount of downward-scattered, as opposed to directly transmitted, solar radiation. Additionally, the diffuse component is often required when calibrating total irradiance radiometers. A variety of pyranometers are commonly used to measure solar diffuse irradiance. An examination of some instruments for measuring diffuse irradiance using solar tracking shade disks is presented, along with an evaluation of the achieved accuracy. A data correction procedure that is intended to account for the offset caused by thermal IR exchange between the detector and filter domes in certain common diffuse pyranometers is developed and validated. The correction factor is derived from outputs of a collocated pyrgeometer that measures atmospheric infrared irradiance. C1 NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Eppley Lab, Newport, RI USA. Analyt Serv & Mat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. RP Dutton, EG (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, R-CMDL1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 41 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 3 BP 297 EP 314 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<0297:MOBDSI>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 415WP UT WOS:000167746800001 ER PT J AU Porter, JN Miller, M Pietras, C Motell, C AF Porter, JN Miller, M Pietras, C Motell, C TI Ship-based sun photometer measurements using Microtops sun photometers SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENT AB The use of hand-held Microtops II sun photometers (built by Solar Light Inc.) on ship platforms is discussed. Their calibration, filter stability, and temperature effects are also described. It is found that under rough conditions, the ship motion causes the largest error, which can result in a bias toward higher optical depths. In order to minimize this bias, a large number of sun photometer measurements (similar to 25) should be taken in a short period of time, and the higher values should be discarded. Under rough ocean conditions, it is also best to shorten the Microtops sun photometer sampling period (less than 5 s) and save only a single value (no averaging) and remove the high optical depths in postprocessing. It is found that the Microtops should be turned off frequently to correct for zero drift caused by temperature effects. Calibration is maintained by routine Langley plot calibrations at the Mauna Loa Observatory for each unit or through cross calibration. C1 Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, SAIC Gen Sci Corp, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Porter, JN (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 16 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 5 BP 765 EP 774 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<0765:SBSPMU>2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 424JR UT WOS:000168229600004 ER PT J AU Comstock, JM Sassen, K AF Comstock, JM Sassen, K TI Retrieval of cirrus cloud radiative and backscattering properties using combined lidar and infrared radiometer (LIRAD) measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-ORDINATE-METHOD; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; ACCURATE PARAMETERIZATION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CLIMATE MODELS; ICE CRYSTALS; WATER-VAPOR; ATMOSPHERES; PROFILES; TEMPERATURE AB A method for retrieval of cirrus macrophysical and radiative properties using combined ruby lidar and infrared radiometer measurements is explained in detail. The retrieval algorithm includes estimation of a variable backscatter-to-extinction ratio for each lidar profile, which accounts for changes in cloud microphysical properties with time. The technique also utilizes a correlated K distribution radiative transfer model, where absorption coefficients K have been tabulated specifically for the bandwidth and filter function of the infrared radiometer. The radiative transfer model allows for estimation of infrared emission due to atmospheric water vapor, ozone, and carbon dioxide, which is essential for deriving cirrus radiative properties. Also described is an improved technique for estimation of upwelling IR radiation that is emitted by the surface of the earth and reflected by the cloud into the radiometer field of view. Derived cirrus cloud properties include base and top height and temperature, visible optical depth, emittance, backscatter-to-extinction ratio, and extinction-to-absorption ratio. The purpose of this algorithm is to facilitate the analysis of the extensive high-cloud dataset obtained at the University of Utah's Facility for Atmospheric Remote Sensing in Salt Lake City, Utah. To illustrate the method, a cirrus case study is presented. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Comstock, JM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MSIN K9-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 50 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1658 EP 1673 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2001)018<1658:ROCCRA>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 483GG UT WOS:000171624800005 ER PT J AU Disselkamp, RS Dupuis, M AF Disselkamp, RS Dupuis, M TI A temperature-dependent study of the ozonolysis of propene SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ozonolysis; product yield; propene; ab initio ID GAS-PHASE OZONOLYSIS; MOLECULAR-ENERGIES; FORMATION YIELDS; CARBONYL OXIDES; OH RADICALS; OZONE; ALKENES; ETHENE; AEROSOLS; CHAMBER AB The ozonolysis of propene has been investigated in a temperature controlled reaction chamber at 295, 260, and 230 K. Experiments were performed using a total zero air pressure of 760 Torr (STP) and propene/ozone reactant mixing ratios ranging from 2.3 to 23 ppmv. An analysis of FTIR spectra collected at the conclusion of each reaction revealed that methane was formed with a yield of 0.14 +/- 0.03 (precision) for all the temperatures investigated. In addition, the yield of HCHO decreased from 0.67 +/- 0.04 to 0.43 +/- 0.03 upon cooling from 295 to 230 K, whereas the yield of HCOOH increased from 0.11 +/- 0.02 to 0.53 +/- 0.04. Experiments were also performed using an excess of cyclohexane (to scavenge OH) and it was found that the formaldehyde yield was 0.79 +/- 0.05 and 0.61 +/- 0.04 at 295 and 260 K, respectively. Finally, to more fully understand the reaction energies involved in product formation, we have performed molecular orbital calculations of heats of formation of reactants, stable intermediates, and products. Three conclusions can be made of this work. First, the reaction CH2OO + Aldehyde --> Secondary Ozonide --> HCOOH + Aldehyde is not an important mechanism in formic acid production. Second, the decomposition of the primary ozonide products (e.g., C-2 radical species) appears to occur, in part, by a thermal mechanism (e.g., thermalized to chamber temperature). Third, ab initio results combined with experiment reveal no correlation between reaction exothermicity and products formed (e.g., kinetically dictated product formation occurs). The ab initio database is provided nevertheless as a starting point for transition state calculations to be performed in the future. Finally, since formaldehyde yield decreases by at most similar to 35% with decreasing temperature and formic acid is relatively unreactive in the atmosphere, our results suggest that temperature-dependent HCHO yield will constitute only a minor perturbation to HOx formation in the middle troposphere. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Tech Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Disselkamp, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 3 BP 231 EP 245 DI 10.1023/A:1012239827705 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 481TC UT WOS:000171535300002 ER PT J AU Schiller, CL Locquiao, S Johnson, TJ Harris, GW AF Schiller, CL Locquiao, S Johnson, TJ Harris, GW TI Atmospheric measurements of HONO by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE atmospheric measurements; HONO; line strength; nitrous acid; tunable diode laser spectroscopy ID NITROUS-ACID HONO; DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; ANNULAR DENUDER; WATER-VAPOR; PHOTOCHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT; SMOG CHAMBER; TRANS-HONO; URBAN; GASES; DIOXIDE AB Ambient gas phase nitrous acid (HONO) has been measured by Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy with sub-ppbv detection limits. An R-branch line in the 1263.4 cm(-1) nu (3) band was found to be free of interference and suitable for ambient HONO measurements. Nitrous acid was measured during the night and early morning at an urban site in Toronto, Canada, during the summer of 1998. Average mixing ratios, integrated over 30 minutes, ranged from below the minimum detection limit of 300 pptv to 1.9 ppbv, with the highest concentrations observed during the early morning hours. During the night of 19 June 1998, the concentration of HONO increased by as much as 0.5 ppbv/hr. The usual decrease in HONO after sunrise was delayed by a few hours, possibly due to a combination of an increase in the production rate of HONO with rush hour, and attenuation of the early morning light by high NO2 within the aerosol fog/haze. C1 York Univ, Dept Chem, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. York Univ, Ctr Atmospher Chem, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Schiller, CL (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Chem, 4700 Keele St, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. OI Schiller, Corinne/0000-0002-8381-0134 NR 43 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 15 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 3 BP 275 EP 293 DI 10.1023/A:1012264601306 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 481TC UT WOS:000171535300004 ER PT J AU Chu, SP Elliott, S AF Chu, SP Elliott, S TI Latitude versus depth simulations of ecodynamics and dissolved gas chemistry relationships in the central pacific SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE marine ecodynamics; dissolved gases; simulations; distributions; Earth system ID CARBONYL SULFIDE; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; METHYL-BROMIDE; UPPER OCEAN; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; IRON HYPOTHESIS AB Nutrient ecology and trace gas processing are intimately coupled in the surface ocean and participate in key linkages through the Earth biogeochemical system. We have added water column photochemistry for volatile sulfur and organic compounds to large scale nutrient cycle modules, in order to create a one dimensional, open ocean ecochemistry simulator. Phyto- and zooplankton, recyclers and biological waste products are represented through N and Fe densities. Dimethyl sulfide, carbonyl sulfide and the methyl halides are tracked individually along with certain precursors and nonmethane hydrocarbons. The model is applied along the 180 degree meridian in the Northern Hemisphere. Ecodynamics are validated against satellite ocean color maps. Biological/photochemical production terms are then iterated upon to match measured distributions for the trace gases. Data are most complete for dimethyl sulfide. Major patterns in its climatology are captured within individual ecological provinces. However, at the basin scale reduced sulfur release must be varied over almost an order of magnitude because the mechanism developed contains only one plant taxon. Based on sparser data, first order rate constants are estimated for phytoplanktonic exudation of the methyl halides. Parameters are also established for photolytic injection of carbonyl sulfide and propylene from the dissolved organics. Ocean general circulation models and interactive ocean-atmosphere transport simulations are discussed as frameworks for future application. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chu, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM spchu@lanl.gov NR 99 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PY 2001 VL 40 IS 3 BP 305 EP 333 DI 10.1023/A:1012221731503 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 481TC UT WOS:000171535300006 ER PT J AU Wos, L AF Wos, L TI A milestone reached and a secret revealed SO JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED REASONING LA English DT Article DE automated reasoning; elegant proofs; logic; proof finding ID STRATEGY AB In this special issue of the Journal of Automated Reasoning, this article sets the stage for the succeeding articles, all of which focus on finding proofs of theorems of formal logic and on the various methodologies that were employed. The proofs that are offered mark an important milestone for automated reasoning and for logic, for each of them is indeed new. One key question this article answers is why an automated reasoning program was able to find proofs that had eluded some of the finest mathematicians and logicians for many, many decades. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-7433 J9 J AUTOM REASONING JI J. Autom. Reasoning PY 2001 VL 27 IS 2 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1023/A:1010650624155 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 450KG UT WOS:000169741200001 ER PT J AU Wos, L AF Wos, L TI Conquering the Meredith single axiom SO JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED REASONING LA English DT Article DE automated reasoning; double negation; Meredith single axiom; propositional calculus; two-valued sentential calculus ID STRATEGY AB For more than three and one-half decades, beginning in the early 1960s, a heavy emphasis on proof finding has been a key component of the Argonne paradigm, whose use has directly led to significant advances in automated reasoning and important contributions to mathematics and logic. The theorems studied range from the trivial to the deep, even including some that corresponded to open questions. Often the paradigm asks for a theorem whose proof is in hand but that cannot be obtained in a fully automated manner by the program in use. The theorem whose hypothesis consists solely of the Meredith single axiom for two-valued sentential (or propositional) calculus and whose conclusion is the Lukasiewicz three-axiom system for that area of formal logic was just such a theorem. Featured in this article is the methodology that enabled the program OTTER to find the first fully automated proof of the cited theorem, a proof with the intriguing property that none of its steps contains a term of the form n(n(t)) for any term t. As evidence of the power of the new methodology, the article also discusses OTTER's success in obtaining the first known proof of a theorem concerning a single axiom of Lukasiewicz. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-7433 J9 J AUTOM REASONING JI J. Autom. Reasoning PY 2001 VL 27 IS 2 BP 175 EP 199 DI 10.1023/A:1010691726881 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 450KG UT WOS:000169741200006 ER PT J AU Fitelson, B Wos, L AF Fitelson, B Wos, L TI Missing proofs found SO JOURNAL OF AUTOMATED REASONING LA English DT Article DE automated reasoning; missing proofs; term-avoidance proofs ID STRATEGY AB For close to a century, despite the efforts of fine minds that include Hilbert and Ackermann, Tarski and Bernays, Lukasiewicz, and Rose and Rosser, various proofs of a number of significant theorems have remained missing - at least not reported in the literature - amply demonstrating the depth of the corresponding problems. The types of such missing proofs are indeed diverse. For one example, a result may be guaranteed provable because of being valid, and yet no proof has been found. For a second example, a theorem may have been proved via metaargument, but the desired axiomatic proof based solely on the use of a given inference rule may have eluded the experts. For a third example, a theorem may have been announced by a master, but no proof was supplied. The finding of missing proofs of the cited types, as well as of other types, is the focus of this article. The means to finding such proofs rests with heavy use of McCune's automated reasoning program OTTER, reliance on a variety of powerful strategies this program offers, and employment of diverse methodologies. Here we present some of our successes and, because it may prove useful for circuit design and program synthesis as well as in the context of mathematics and logic, detail our approach to finding missing proofs. Well-defined and unmet challenges are included. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Philosophy, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-7433 J9 J AUTOM REASONING JI J. Autom. Reasoning PY 2001 VL 27 IS 2 BP 201 EP 225 DI 10.1023/A:1010695827789 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 450KG UT WOS:000169741200007 ER PT J AU Xu, XD Wolk, CP AF Xu, XD Wolk, CP TI Role for hetC in the transition to a nondividing state during heterocyst differentiation in Anabaena sp. SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP-STRAIN PCC-7120; CYANOBACTERIUM ANABAENA; PATTERN-FORMATION; GENE; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; DNA AB Nitrogen-deprived filaments of wild-type or hetC Anabaena sp. produce respectively, at semiregular intervals, heterocysts and weakly fluorescent cells. Unlike heterocysts, the latter cells can divide and elongate, producing a pattern of spaced series of small cells. Because a hetR::gfp fusion is expressed most strongly in the small cells, we propose that these small cells represent a very early stage of heterocyst differentiation. hetC::gfp is expressed most strongly in proheterocysts and heterocysts. C1 Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Wolk, CP (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 183 IS 1 BP 393 EP 396 DI 10.1128/JB.183.1.393-396.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 386UA UT WOS:000166078900047 PM 11114941 ER PT J AU Marshall, GW Balooch, M Gallagher, RR Gansky, SA Marshall, SJ AF Marshall, GW Balooch, M Gallagher, RR Gansky, SA Marshall, SJ TI Mechanical properties of the dentinoenamel junction: AFM studies of nanohardness, elastic modulus, and fracture SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dentinoenamel junction; nanomechanical properties; modulus; hardness; fracture ID DENTIN-ENAMEL JUNCTION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DEMINERALIZED HUMAN; INDENTATION DAMAGE; YOUNG MODULUS; BOVINE DENTIN; HUMAN-TEETH; TOUGHNESS; HARDNESS; NANOINDENTATION AB The dentinoenamel junction (DEJ) is a complex and poorly defined structure that unites the brittle overlying enamel with the dentin that forms the bulk of the tooth. In addition, this structure appears to confer excellent toughness and crack deflecting properties to the tooth, and has drawn considerable interest as a biomimetic model of a structure uniting dissimilar materials. This work sought to characterize the nanomechanical properties in the region of the DEJ using modified AFM based nanoindentation to determine nanohardness and elastic modulus. Lines of indentations traversing the DEJ were made at 1-2 mum intervals from the dentin to enamel along three directions on polished sagittal sections from three third molars. Nanohardness and elastic modulus rose steadily across the DEJ from bulk dentin to enamel. DEJ width was estimated by local polynomial regression fits for each sample and location of the mechanical property curves for the data gradient from enamel to dentin, and gave a mean value of 11.8 mum, which did not vary significantly with intratooth location or among teeth. Nanoindentation was also used to initiate cracks in the DEJ region. In agreement with prior work, it was difficult to initiate cracks that traversed the DEJ, or to produce cracks in the dentin. The fracture toughness values for enamel of 0.6-0.9 MPa.m(1/2) were in good agreement with recent microindentation fracture results. Our results suggest that the DEJ displays a gradient in structure and that nanoindenation methods show promise for further understanding its structure and function. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, Div Biomat & Bioengn, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, Div Oral Epidemiol & Dent Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Marshall, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Prevent & Restorat Dent Sci, Div Biomat & Bioengn, 707 Parnassus Ave,Box 0758, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [K16 DE 00386, R01 DE 13029] NR 44 TC 182 Z9 188 U1 4 U2 36 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0021-9304 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 54 IS 1 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1002/1097-4636(200101)54:1<87::AID-JBM10>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 378MW UT WOS:000165589000010 PM 11077406 ER PT J AU Wilson, G AF Wilson, G TI Technical communication and late capitalism - Considering a postmodern technical communication pedagogy SO JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article AB This article proposes a postmodern reconceptualization of technical communication pedagogy to make student and professional agency a major concern, especially because technical communicators must compete in a global economy that rewards flexibility and penalizes inflexibility Postmodern mapping metaphors and Robert Reich's methodology for training "symbolic-analytic" workers are used to suggest ways in which a postmodern approach to technical communication could be taught. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wilson, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1050-6519 J9 J BUS TECH COMMUN JI J. Bus. Tech. Commun. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 72 EP 99 PG 28 WC Business; Communication SC Business & Economics; Communication GA 392HU UT WOS:000166406300004 ER PT J AU Inclan, YF Nogales, E AF Inclan, YF Nogales, E TI Structural models for the self-assembly and microtubule interactions of gamma-, delta- and epsilon-tubulin SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE gamma-tubulin; delta-tubulin; epsilon-tubulin; tubulin assembly; microtubule nucleation; structural homology ID SPINDLE POLE BODY; FLAGELLAR MICROTUBULES; RING COMPLEX; FTSZ; CENTROSOME; SPC98P; PROTOFILAMENTS; NUCLEATION; POLARITY; PROTEIN AB alpha beta -tubulin heterodimers self-assemble to form microtubules nucleated by gamma -tubulin in the cell. gamma -tubulin is believed to recruit the alpha beta -tubulin dimers that form the minus ends of microtubules, but the molecular mechanism of this action remains a matter of heated controversy. Still less is known about the function and molecular interactions of delta -tubulin and epsilon -tubulin, delta -tubulin may seed the formation of the C triplet tubules in the basal bodies of Chlamydomonas and epsilon -tubulin is known to localize to the centrosome in a cell cycle-dependent manner, Using the structure of alpha beta tubulin as a model, we have analyzed the sequences of gamma-, delta- and epsilon -tubulin in regions corresponding to different polymerization interfaces in the tubulin alpha beta dimer, The sequence comparisons sometimes show clear conservation, pointing to similar types of contacts being functionally important for the new tubulin considered. Conversely, certain surfaces show marked differences that rule out equivalent interactions for non-microtubular tubulins, This sequence/structure analysis has led us to structural models of how these special tubulins may be involved in protein-protein contacts that affect microtubule self-assembly. delta -tubulin most likely interacts longitudinally with alpha -tubulin at the minus ends of microtubules, while epsilon -tubulin most likely binds to the plus end of beta -tubulin, Conservation of key residues in gamma -tubulin suggests that it is capable of longitudinal self-assembly. The implications for the protofilament and template models of nucleation are considered. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nogales, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 36 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 5 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0021-9533 J9 J CELL SCI JI J. Cell Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 114 IS 2 BP 413 EP 422 PG 10 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 400NG UT WOS:000166877600017 PM 11148142 ER PT J AU Nandagopal, K Popp, DM Niyogi, SK AF Nandagopal, K Popp, DM Niyogi, SK TI Utilization of a receptor reserve for effective amplification of mitogenic signaling by an epidermal growth factor mutant deficient in receptor activation SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cell proliferation; EGF mutagenesis; ligand-receptor interaction; partial agonist; receptor reserve; signal amplification; tyrosine kinase ID MAP KINASE PHOSPHORYLATION; AUTOPHOSPHORYLATION SITES; PROTEIN-KINASE; EGF-RECEPTOR; FUNCTIONAL IMPORTANCE; SELF-PHOSPHORYLATION; CROSS-LINKING; TYROSINE; BINDING; DIMERIZATION AB The idea of a receptor reserve in mediating cellular function is well known but direct biochemical evidence has not been easy to obtain. This study stems from our results showing that L15 of epidermal growth factor (ECF) is important in both EGF receptor (EGFR) binding and activation, and the L15A analog of human EGF (hEGF) partially uncouples EGFR binding from EGFR activation (Nandagopal et al., [1996] Protein Engng 9:781-788). We address the cellular mechanism of mitogenic signal amplification by EGFR tyrosine kinase in response to L15A hEGF. L15A is partially impaired in receptor dimerization, shown by chemical cross-linking and allosteric activation of EGFR in a substrate phosphorylation assay. Immunoprecipitation experiments reveal, however, that L15A can induce EGFR autophosphorylation in intact murine keratinocytes by utilizing spare receptors, the ratio of total phosphotyrosine content per receptor being significantly lower than that elicited by wild-type. This direct biochemical evidence, based on function, of utilization of a receptor reserve for kinase stimulation suggests that an EGF variant can activate varying receptor numbers to generate the same effective response. L15A-activated receptors can stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) that is important for mitogenesis. The lack of linear correlation between levels of receptor dimerization, autophosphorylation, and MAPK activation suggests that signal amplification is mediated by cooperative effects. Flow cytometric analyses show that the percentages of cells which proliferate in response to 1 nM L15A and their rate of entry into S-phase are both decreased relative to I nM wild-type, indicating that MAPK activation alone is insufficient for maximal stimulation of mitogenesis. Higher concentrations of L15A reverse this effect, indicating that L15A and wild-type differ in the number of receptors each activates to induce the threshold response, which may be attained by cooperative activation of receptor dimers/oligomers by van der Waal's weak forces of attraction. The maintenance of a receptor reserve underscores an effective strategy in cell survival. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Grad Sch Genome Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Niyogi, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 72 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PY 2001 VL 83 IS 2 BP 326 EP 341 DI 10.1002/jcb.1222 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 475BJ UT WOS:000171141500015 PM 11573249 ER PT J AU Pujuguet, P Radisky, D Levy, D Lacza, C Bissell, MJ AF Pujuguet, P Radisky, D Levy, D Lacza, C Bissell, MJ TI Trichostatin A inhibits beta-casein expression in mammary epithelial cells SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tissue specificity; histone H4; basement membrane; extracellular matrix; chromatin structure ID HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITORS; PROTEIN GENE-EXPRESSION; TUMOR VIRUS PROMOTER; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; IN-VIVO; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ENHANCER; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; BINDING PROTEIN; DIFFERENTIATION AB Many aspects of cellular behavior are defined by the content of information provided by association of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and with cell membrane receptors. When cultured in the presence of laminin-containing ECM and prolactin (Prl), normal mammary epithelia] cells express the milk protein beta -casein. We have previously found that the minimal ECM- and Prl-responsive enhancer element BCE-1 was only active when stably integrated into chromatin, and that trichostatin A (TSA), a reagent that leads to alterations in chromatin structure, was able to activate the integrated enhancer element. We now show that endogenous beta -casein gene, which is controlled by a genetic assembly that is highly similar to that of BCE-1 and which is also activated by incubation in ECM and Prl, is instead inhibited by TSA. We provide evidence that the differing response of beta -casein and BCE-1 to TSA is neither due to an unusual effect of TSA on mammary epithelia[ cells, nor to secondary consequences from the expression of a separate gene, nor to a particular property of the BCE-1 construct. As a component of this investigation, we also showed that ECM mediated rapid histone deacetylation in mammary epithelial cells. These results are discussed in combination with previous work showing that TSA mediates the differentiation of many types of cancer cells but inhibits differentiation of some nonmalignant cell types. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bissell, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 83-101, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA057621, CA-57621-02, R01 CA057621-11] NR 53 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PY 2001 VL 83 IS 4 BP 660 EP 670 DI 10.1002/jcb.1260 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 488KG UT WOS:000171933900013 PM 11746508 ER PT J AU Alaimo, PJ Peters, DW Arnold, J Bergman, RG AF Alaimo, PJ Peters, DW Arnold, J Bergman, RG TI Suggested modifications to a distillation-free solvent purification system SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Alaimo, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Arnold, John/0000-0001-9671-227X NR 1 TC 100 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 78 IS 1 BP 64 EP 64 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA 382HZ UT WOS:000165818000022 ER PT J AU Ahmed, S Rahman, K AF Ahmed, S Rahman, K TI An approximate solution of Caram-Amundson model for combustion of carbon SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE modeling combustion; film model; carbon slab; diffusion; heat mass transfer; approximate solution ID STAGNANT BOUNDARY-LAYER; DIFFUSION; PARTICLE AB An approximate analytical solution of the Caram-Amundson model of combustion of carbon has been obtained based on a cubic polynomial for the homogenous reaction rate in the "film" surrounding a flat carbon slab. The film has been defined as the region where both the homogenous reaction rate and its gradient vanish at its edge. The agreement between the present solution and the numerical solution of Caram and Amundson is very good. C1 Univ Bahrain, Dept Chem Engn, Isa Town, Bahrain. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rahman, K (reprint author), Univ Bahrain, Dept Chem Engn, Isa Town, Bahrain. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC CHEMICAL ENG JAPAN PI BUNKYO KU TOKYO PA KYORITSU BUILDING 4-16-19 KOHINATA, BUNKYO KU TOKYO, 112, JAPAN SN 0021-9592 J9 J CHEM ENG JPN JI J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 34 IS 1 BP 73 EP 76 DI 10.1252/jcej.34.73 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 397CV UT WOS:000166676500010 ER PT J AU de Jong, WA Harrison, RJ Dixon, DA AF de Jong, WA Harrison, RJ Dixon, DA TI Parallel Douglas-Kroll energy and gradients in NWChem: Estimating scalar relativistic effects using Douglas-Kroll contracted basis sets SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; PROJECTION OPERATORS; HEATS; TRANSFORMATION; APPROXIMATION; HYDROGEN; EQUATION; BORON AB A parallel implementation of the spin-free one-electron Douglas-Kroll-Hess (DKH) Hamiltonian in NWChem is discussed. An efficient and accurate method to calculate DKH gradients is introduced. It is shown that the use of a standard (nonrelativistic) contracted basis set can produce erroneous results for elements beyond the first row elements. The generation of DKH contracted cc-pVXZ(X = D,T,Q,5) basis sets for H, He, B-Ne, Al-Ar, and Ga-Br is discussed. The effect of DKH at the Hartree-Fock level on the bond distances, vibrational frequencies, and total dissociation energies for CF4, SiH4, SiF4, and Br2CO is discussed. It is suggested that the predominant effect of the scalar relativistic correction on the total dissociation energy can be calculated at the Hartree-Fock level if an adequate basis set is used. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP de Jong, WA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI DE JONG, WIBE/A-5443-2008 OI DE JONG, WIBE/0000-0002-7114-8315 NR 39 TC 437 Z9 437 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 1 BP 48 EP 53 DI 10.1063/1.1329891 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 388LU UT WOS:000166182900008 ER PT J AU Curtiss, LA Redfern, PC Raghavachari, K Pople, JA AF Curtiss, LA Redfern, PC Raghavachari, K Pople, JA TI Gaussian-3X (G3X) theory: Use of improved geometries, zero-point energies, and Hartree-Fock basis sets SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUADRATIC CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORIES; MOLLER-PLESSET; ENTHALPIES; COMPUTATION AB A modification of G3 theory incorporating three changes is presented. The three new features include: (1) B3LYP/6-31G(2df,p) geometry; (2) B3LYP/6-31G(2df,p) zero-point energy; and (3) addition of a g polarization function to the G3Large basis set for second-row atoms at the Hartree-Fock level. Extension of G3 theory in this manner, referred to as G3X, is found to give significantly better agreement with experiment for the G3/99 test set of 376 reaction energies. Overall the mean absolute deviation from experiment decreases from 1.07 kcal/mol (G3) to 0.95 kcal/mol (G3X). The largest improvement occurs for nonhydrogens. In this subset of energies the mean absolute deviation from experiment decreases from 2.11 to 1.49 kcal/mol. The increased accuracy is due to both the use of new geometries and the larger Hartree-Fock basis set. In addition, five other G3 methods are modified to incorporate these new features. Two of these are based on reduced orders of perturbation theory, G3X(MP3) and G3X(MP2), and have mean absolute deviations for the G3/99 test set of 1.13 and 1.19 kcal/mol, respectively. The other three methods are based on scaling the energy terms, G3SX, G3SX(MP3), and G3SX(MP2). They have mean absolute deviations of 0.95, 1.04, and 1.34 kcal/mol, respectively. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Curtiss, LA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 433 Z9 435 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 1 BP 108 EP 117 DI 10.1063/1.1321305 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 388LU UT WOS:000166182900016 ER PT J AU McCurdy, PR Vorpagel, ER Hess, WP AF McCurdy, PR Vorpagel, ER Hess, WP TI Ultraviolet photochemistry of hydrogen-bonded HBr center dot acetone complexes in argon matrices SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC ELECTRON POLARIZATION; IODIDE ACETYLENE COMPLEXES; GAS-PHASE; SOLID KRYPTON; PHOTOSENSITIZED CHEMISTRY; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; QUANTUM YIELDS; THIN-FILM; 193 NM; PHOTODISSOCIATION AB We have studied the ultraviolet photoreaction of HBr . acetone complexes isolated in argon matrices using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Photoexcitation of the acetone pi*<--n(0) transition, using either 266 or 309 nm, results in the reaction of hydrogen-bonded HBracetone complexes to produce HBr . propen-2-ol complexes through a novel photoenolization mechanism. Only the hydrogen-bonded HBr . acetone complexes undergo reaction following mid-UV irradiation. No significant loss of isolated reactant molecules occurs using either 266 or 309 nm excitation. Detailed ab initio calculations of HBr . propen-2-ol complex are presented to support these findings. Photoexcitation of similar matrices at 193 nm, which excites the acetone 3s<--n(0) transition and HBr directly, shows extensive reaction of HBr, acetone, and their complexes by a photofragmentation mechanism. We discuss the mechanism of HBr assisted acetone photoenolization in detail and report experimental and calculated band frequencies and structures of HBracetone complexes. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hess, WP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 61 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 114 IS 1 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1063/1.1328377 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 388LU UT WOS:000166182900023 ER PT J AU Duffy, PB Eby, M Weaver, AJ AF Duffy, PB Eby, M Weaver, AJ TI Climate model simulations of effects of increased atmospheric CO2 and loss of sea ice on ocean salinity and tracer uptake SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SENSITIVITY; SALT; TRANSFORMATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; EQUILIBRIUM; WATER AB Recent observations show a decrease in the extent of Northern Hemisphere sea ice; this decrease has been attributed to human activities. Climate model simulations are presented that examine how loss of sea ice affects the ocean salinity and density structure, and rates of uptake of an idealized transient tracer. The latter results are indicative of how loss of sea ice might affect the ocean's rate of uptake of anthropogenic carbon from the atmosphere. In simulations in which there is no freshwater forcing due to sea ice forming or melting, the salinity minimum associated with Antarctic Intermediate Water is much weaker than in simulations of the present-day ocean. This suggests that this salinity minimum is maintained in part by a steady supply of freshwater from melting of Antarctic sea ice. In addition, in simulations with no freshwater forcing due to sea ice, vertical salinity and density gradients in the Southern and Arctic Oceans are weaker than in simulations of the present-day ocean. This supports the notion that these gradients are maintained in part by freshwater forcing due to the seasonal cycle of formation and melting of sea ice. As a result, loss of sea ice due to global warming would tend to decrease the stability in parts of the ocean; this opposes the well-known tendency of global warming to increase ocean stability by warming and freshening the upper ocean. Simulations of ocean uptake of an idealized transient tracer in both constant-CO2 and increasing-CO2 environments are performed to investigate the effects of physical changes in ocean and sea ice on transient tracer uptake. In the Southern Ocean, physical changes to the ocean and sea ice are found that result in slower transient tracer accumulation in most locations. When averaged over the entire Southern Ocean, however, these reductions are small, because changes in convective activity due to increased atmospheric CO2 are relatively small, and because transient tracer uptake is relatively insensitive to changes in convective activity. These results suggest that Southern Ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 may decrease less than previously supposed as global warming progresses. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Climate & Carbon Cycle Modeling Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Duffy, PB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Climate & Carbon Cycle Modeling Grp, POB 808,7000 East Ave,L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Weaver, Andrew/E-7590-2011; Eby, Michael/H-5278-2013 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 4 BP 520 EP 532 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<0520:CMSOEO>2.0.CO;2 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 400DW UT WOS:000166857800004 ER PT J AU Trenberth, KE Stepaniak, DP Hurrell, JW Fiorino, M AF Trenberth, KE Stepaniak, DP Hurrell, JW Fiorino, M TI Quality of reanalyses in the Tropics SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; RETRIEVALS; NCEP; ECMWF; CYCLE AB Broad vertical layer-averaged temperatures from the microwave sounder unit (MSU) are used as a quasi-independent validation of temperature fields from the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP-NCAR) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalyses. While the MSU and NCEP-NCAR temperatures show fairly good agreement overall, large discrepancies with ECMWF temperatures indicate that changes in the satellite observing system may have adversely affected the ECMWF reanalyses, especially in the Tropics. Two spurious discontinuities are present in tropical temperatures with jumps to warmer values throughout the Tropics below 500 mb in late 1986 and early 1989, and further spurious interannual variability is also present. These features are also reflected in the specific humidity fields. The temperature discrepancies have a complex vertical structure with height that is not fully understood, although it seems that the problems partly arise from positive reinforcement of biases in satellite radiances with those of the assimilating model first guess. Changes in the observing system provide a limit to the usefulness of the reanalyses in some climate studies. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM trenbert@ucar.edu RI Trenberth, Kevin/A-5683-2012; Fiorino, Michael/N-4150-2014 OI Trenberth, Kevin/0000-0002-1445-1000; Fiorino, Michael/0000-0002-2819-8157 NR 24 TC 153 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 7 BP 1499 EP 1510 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<1499:QORITT>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 418CR UT WOS:000167872600010 ER PT J AU Shaw, WJ Doran, JC AF Shaw, WJ Doran, JC TI Observations of systematic boundary layer divergence patterns and their relationship to land use and topography SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-PLAINS CLOUD; INHOMOGENEOUS SURFACE FLUXES; MESOSCALE ATMOSPHERIC FLOW; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; THERMAL INHOMOGENEITIES; CUMULUS CLOUDS; HEAT FLUXES; CIRCULATIONS; RADIATION; IMPACT AB Data from several surface meteorological networks in the vicinity of the U.S. Department of Energy's Southern Great Plains Cloud and Radiation Testbed were used to investigate the relationship between boundary layer circulations, as reflected in composited divergence fields, and variations in vegetation, surface temperature, and topography. The study is unique in using data from a dense collection of surface meteorological instruments that are distributed over a region comparable in size to a GCM grid cell in a region of sharply varying land use. These land use differences provide variations in surface heat flux on a scale O(100 km) that has been postulated to produce the strongest surface-induced mesoscale circulations in the boundary layer. This paper details the first signature in data of a boundary layer circulation that can be attributed to land use differences at this scale. It is found, however, that in the composited fields the majority of the divergence extrema persist over seasons, are present in all observed wind conditions, are geographically fixed, and are more likely related to gentle topographic features rather than to land use differences. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Shaw, WJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,MS K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1753 EP 1764 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<1753:OOSBLD>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 419XD UT WOS:000167973300005 ER PT J AU Mace, GG Clothiaux, EE Ackerman, TP AF Mace, GG Clothiaux, EE Ackerman, TP TI The composite characteristics of cirrus clouds: Bulk properties revealed by one year of continuous cloud radar data SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID UNCINUS GENERATING CELLS; MILLIMETER-WAVE RADAR; CIRRIFORM CLOUDS; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; WATER-CONTENT; ICE PHASE; CLIMATE; FIRE; PARAMETERIZATION AB The properties of midlatitude cirrus clouds are examined using one year of continuous vertically pointing millimeter-wave cloud radar data collected at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Southern Great Plains site in Oklahoma. The goal of this analysis is to present the cloud characteristics in a manner that will aid in the evaluation and improvement of cirrus parameterizations in large-scale models. Using a temperature- and radar reflectivity-based definition of cirrus, the occurrence frequency of cirrus, the vertical location and thickness of cirrus layers, and other fundamental statistics are examined. Also the bulk microphysical properties of optically thin cirrus layers that occur in isolation from other cloud layers are examined. During 1997, it is found that cirrus were present 22% of the time, had a mean layer thickness of 2.0 km, and were most likely to occur in the 8.5-10-km height range. On average, the cirrus clouds tended to be found in layers in which the synoptic-scale vertical velocity was weakly ascending. The mean synoptic-scale vertical motion in the upper troposphere as derived from Rapid Update Cycle model output was +0.2 cm s(-1). However, a significant fraction of the layers (33%) were found where the upper-tropospheric large-scale vertical velocity was clearly descending (w< -1.5 cm s(-1)). Microphysical properties were computed for that subset of cirrus events that were optically thin (infrared emissivity < 0.85) and occurred with no lower cloud layers. This subset of cirrus had mean values of ice water path, effective radius, and ice crystal concentration of 8 g m(-2),35 mum, and 100 L-1, respectively. Although all the cloud properties demonstrated a high degree of variability during the period considered, the statistics of these properties were fairly steady throughout the annual cycle. Consistent with previous studies, it is found that the cloud microphysical properties appear to be strongly correlated to the cloud layer thickness and mean temperature. Use of these results for parameterization of cirrus properties in large-scale models is discussed. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Mace, GG (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 42 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 10 BP 2185 EP 2203 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<2185:TCCOCC>2.0.CO;2 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 432YT UT WOS:000168724900001 ER PT J AU Duffy, PB Doutriaux, C Fodor, IK Santer, BD AF Duffy, PB Doutriaux, C Fodor, IK Santer, BD TI Effect of missing data on estimates of near-surface temperature change since 1900 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TRANSIENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; AIR-TEMPERATURE; GREENHOUSE-GAS; NATURAL VARIABILITY; CHANGE SIMULATION; COUPLED MODEL; SYSTEM; SPINUP; GCM AB It has been suggested that the apparent warming of the earth's surface during the twentieth century may be biased by large changes in the coverage of surface temperature measurements since 1900. This issue is investigated using climate model simulations. By imposing observed coverage changes on simulated surface temperatures, estimates are obtained of twentieth-century temperature change for both full global coverage and for actual historical coverage. In 10 out of 16 simulations including human climate perturbations, the temperature change from the globally complete model output is significantly larger than that derived from the historically masked model output. The remaining six simulations show no significant difference between complete and masked model output. Thus, these results do not support the hypothesis that the increase in the earth's surface temperature has been overestimated because of incomplete observational data. Rather, if the simulations analyzed are realistic, the true temperature increase over the last century is slightly larger than that estimated from available observations. Eight simulations of natural internal climate variability, which omit human climate perturbations, were analyzed. In none of these simulations does the temperature change during 100 yr-whether obtained from globally complete or masked model output-come close to the observed twentieth-century temperature increase. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA USA. RP Duffy, PB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 13 BP 2809 EP 2814 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<2809:EOMDOE>2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 451HR UT WOS:000169796600001 ER PT J AU Kemball-Cook, S Wang, B AF Kemball-Cook, S Wang, B TI Equatorial waves and air-sea interaction in the Boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; 40-50 DAY OSCILLATION; SHEARED ZONAL FLOW; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MOISTURE CONVERGENCE; CONVECTION ANOMALIES; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; GLOBAL-SCALE AB A composite study of the life cycle of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) was performed using data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration polar-orbiting satellites. Because of pronounced differences in their climatologies, the boreal summer periods May-June (MJ) and August-October (AO) were composited separately. Characteristics of the BSISO life cycle common to MJ and AO were initiation and eastward propagation of the convective anomaly over the Indian Ocean, followed by poleward propagation, with the northward-moving branch having greater amplitude than the southward-moving branch. The transition of convection from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific occurred next, followed by dissipation of the current cycle and initiation of the subsequent cycle. The MJ and AO life cycles were found to have several significant differences. The MJ shows strong eastward movement of convection along the equator in both the Indian and western Pacific Oceans. Convection in AO has a weaker eastward-propagating signal along the equator and displays a discontinuous jump from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific. In marked contrast to MJ, AO shows strong northwestward propagation of convection in the western Pacific during the latter half of the BSISO life cycle. The change in the BSISO life cycle from MJ to AO reflects the seasonal shift in the distributions of vertical wind shear and low-level specific humidity from early to late summer. Rossby waves emitted by equatorial convection play a critical role in the BSISO in both the Indian and western Pacific Oceans. These waves are instrumental in the northward propagation of convection in MJ and AO. Both MJ and AO composites suggest that air-sea interactions are present in the BSISO, fostering both eastward and northward propagation of convective anomalies in the Indian Ocean and in the western Pacific. The complexity and pronounced seasonal dependence of the BSISO reflected in the composites suggest that its simulation is a rigorous test for general circulation models. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srkemball-cook@lbl.gov NR 49 TC 210 Z9 226 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 13 BP 2923 EP 2942 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<2923:EWAASI>2.0.CO;2 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 451HR UT WOS:000169796600009 ER PT J AU Chisholm-Brause, CJ Berg, JM Matzner, RA Morris, DE AF Chisholm-Brause, CJ Berg, JM Matzner, RA Morris, DE TI Uranium(VI) sorption complexes on montmorillonite as a function of solution chemistry SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE uranium; sorption; clays; montmorillonite; emission spectroscopy; speciation; surface complexation ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; URANYL-ION; HEMATITE PARTICLES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; BINDING-SITES; METAL-IONS; ADSORPTION; SPECIATION; HYDROLYSIS; SMECTITE AB We have investigated the effect of changes in solution chemistry on the nature of uranyl sorption complexes on montmorillonite (SAz-1) at different surface coverages (1.43-53.6 mu mol/g). Uranyl uptake onto SAz-1 between pH 3 and 7 was determined in both titration and batch-mode experiments. These pH values result in solutions that contain a range of monomeric and oligomeric aqueous uranyl species. Continuous-wave and time-resolved emission spectroscopies were used to investigate the nature of U(VI) sorbed to SAz-1. A discrete set of uranyl surface complexes has been identified over a wide range of pH values at these low to moderate coverages. For ail samples, two surface complexes are detected with spectral characteristics commensurate with an inner-sphere complex and an exchange-site complex; the relative abundance of these two species is similar over these pH values at low coverage (1.43-2.00 mu mol/g). In addition, surface species having spectra consistent with polymeric hydroxide-like sorption complexes form at the moderate coverages (similar to 34-54 mu mol/g), increasing in abundance as the capacity of the amphoteric surface sites is exceeded. Furthermore, a species with spectral characteristics anticipated for an outer-sphere surface complex is observed for wet paste samples at low pH (3.7-4.4) and both low (similar to2 mu mol/g) and moderate (similar to 40 mu mol/g) coverage. There are only subtle differences in the nature of sorption complexes formed at different pH values but similar coverages, despite markedly different uranyl speciation in solution. These results indicate that the speciation in the solution has minimal influence on the nature of the sorption complex under these experimental conditions. The primary control on the nature and abundance of the different uranyl sorption complexes appears to be the relative abundance and reactivity of the different sorption sites. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Chisholm-Brause, CJ (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM cbrause@vims.edu; demorris@lanl.gov RI Morris, David/A-8577-2012 NR 53 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 233 IS 1 BP 38 EP 49 DI 10.1006/jcis.2000.7227 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 387YZ UT WOS:000166151800005 ER PT J AU Caramana, EJ AF Caramana, EJ TI Timestep relaxation with symmetry preservation on high aspect-ratio angular or tapered grids SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Lagrangian hydrodynamics; spatial grid stiffness; fluid dynamics; shock wave simulation; grid generation ID ARTIFICIAL VISCOSITY C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Caramana, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 166 IS 1 BP 173 EP 185 DI 10.1006/jcph.2001.6648 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 396ED UT WOS:000166622600009 ER PT J AU Ghoniem, NM Walgraef, D Zinkle, SJ AF Ghoniem, NM Walgraef, D Zinkle, SJ TI Theory and experiment of nanostructure self-organization in irradiated materials SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MATERIALS DESIGN LA English DT Review ID CASCADE DAMAGE CONDITIONS; ENERGETIC DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; BUBBLE LATTICE FORMATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NEUTRON-IRRADIATION; PRODUCTION BIAS; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; DISLOCATION LOOPS; DEFECT PRODUCTION; VOID-LATTICE AB Irradiation of materials by energetic particles (e.g., electrons, ions and neutrons) is associated with very high internal power dissipation, which can drive the underlying nano- and microstructure far from normal equilibrium conditions. One of the most unusual responses in this connection is the ability of the material's nano- and microstructure to self-assemble in well-organized, two- and three-dimensional periodic arrangements. We review and assess here experimental evidence and theoretical models pertaining to the physical understanding of nano- and microstructure self-organization under irradiation conditions. Experimental observations on the formation of self-organized defect clusters, dislocation loops, voids and bubbles are presented and critically assessed. Implantation of metals with energetic helium results in remarkable self-assembled bubble super-lattices with wavelengths (super-lattice parameters) in the range of 5-8 nm. Ion and neutron irradiation produce a wide variety of self-assembled 3-D defect walls and void lattices, with wavelengths that can be tailored in the range of 10's to 100's of nanometers. Theoretical models aimed at explaining these observations are introduced, and a consistent description of many features is outlined. The primary focus of the most recent modeling efforts, which are based on stability theory and concepts of non-linear dynamics, is to determine criteria for the evolution and spatial symmetry of self-organized microstructures. The correspondence between this theoretical framework and experimental observations is also examined, highlighting areas of agreement and pointing out unresolved questions. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Ctr Nonlinear Phenomena & Complex Syst, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ghoniem, NM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Ghoniem, Nasr/A-9799-2008; OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 134 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 7 U2 41 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-1045 J9 J COMPUT-AIDED MATER JI J. Comput-Aided Mater. Des. PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 38 DI 10.1023/A:1015062218246 PG 38 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Materials Science GA 540HQ UT WOS:000174923800001 ER PT J AU Mitchell, CC Coltrin, ME Han, J AF Mitchell, CC Coltrin, ME Han, J TI Mass transport in the epitaxial lateral overgrowth of gallium nitride SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE gallium nitride; selective-area growth; epitaxial lateral overgrowth; transport ID VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; SELECTIVE-AREA EPITAXY; SINGLE CRYSTALLINE GAN; INTERMEDIATE LAYER; QUANTUM-WELLS; GROWTH; DEPOSITION; SUBSTRATE; MOCVD; MECHANISMS AB We have investigated lateral transport mechanisms in epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) of GaN grown by Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Portions of a pre-grown GaN buffer layer are patterned with a dielectric mask material, silicon nitride. Further growth of GaN occurs selectively on exposed areas of the underlying buffer layer, and not on the dielectric material. Growth-rate enhancement on the exposed GaN is observed due to lateral transport of material from the masked regions. We describe experiments to distinguish whether the lateral transport of material occurs via gas-phase diffusion or surface diffusion, either on the mask itself or on the epitaxial material. Deep trenches were etched into the wafer prior to the ELO growth, designed to interrupt lateral transport if it were occurring by diffusion along the surface. ELO growth rate profiles on exposed line patterns and on larger area blanket growth zones were examined with and without the trenches. Growth profiles were virtually identical independent of the presence of the trench features. These results indicate that gas-phase diffusion dominates the transport of material during GaN ELO. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1126, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mitchell, CC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 1126, MS 0601, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 55 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN PY 2001 VL 222 IS 1-2 BP 144 EP 153 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(00)00874-5 PG 10 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 394AV UT WOS:000166502600021 ER PT J AU Zaitseva, N Smolsky, I Carman, L AF Zaitseva, N Smolsky, I Carman, L TI Growth phenomena in the surface layer and step generation from the crystal edges SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article DE rapid growth; surface layer; dislocation; crystal edges; faceted shape; KDP ID RAPID GROWTH; KDP AB A possible mechanism of growth-step generation from the edges of faceted crystals obtained from experimental observations with KDP crystals is described. It suggests that growth from the crystal edges is initiated by the deviation of the edges from their crystallographic orientation and formation of incomplete shapes of singular facets. The conditions for formation of the incomplete faceted shapes during dislocation growth are considered. It is shown that the process of step generation from the edges can be determined by the mutual positions of the vicinal slopes on the adjacent faces. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zaitseva, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 18 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN PY 2001 VL 222 IS 1-2 BP 249 EP 262 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(00)00818-6 PG 14 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 394AV UT WOS:000166502600032 ER PT J AU Robey, HF Maynes, D AF Robey, HF Maynes, D TI Numerical simulation of the hydrodynamics and mass transfer in the large scale, rapid growth of KDP crystals. Part 1. Computation of the transient, three-dimensional flow field SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID SPIN-DOWN; MORPHOLOGICAL INSTABILITY; VICINAL FACE; MODEL AB Numerical simulations of the hydrodynamics and mass transfer involved in the rapid growth of large KDP crystals (linear dimensions up to 60 cm and masses greater than 300 kg) have been performed. The simulations are fully three-dimensional and time-dependent, and the computational geometry corresponds very closely to the 1000-1 crystallizers currently in use at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for the growth of KDP crystals for the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The Reynolds number of the flow is of order 10(5), and the Schmidt number is of order 10(3). The flow is turbulent and dominated by flow separation from the rectangular corners of the rotating crystal and a secondary flow driven by Ekman boundary layers on the support platform. The full three-dimensional structure of the flow field is described, but the major emphasis is placed on understanding the surface shear stress distribution on the crystal, since it is critically involved in the process of inclusion formation. The temporal and spatial evolution of the surface shear stress and its effect on the surface morphological stability is compared for several different crystal sizes and rotation conditions. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Robey, HF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN PY 2001 VL 222 IS 1-2 BP 263 EP 278 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(00)00846-0 PG 16 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 394AV UT WOS:000166502600033 ER PT J AU Trivedi, R Miyahara, H Mazumder, P Simsek, E Tewari, SN AF Trivedi, R Miyahara, H Mazumder, P Simsek, E Tewari, SN TI Directional solidification microstructures in diffusive and convective regimes SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID THERMOSOLUTAL CONVECTION; PERITECTIC SYSTEMS; SOLUTAL CONVECTION; NATURAL-CONVECTION; BINARY ALLOY; MACROSEGREGATION; INTERFACE; DENDRITE; GROWTH; SEGREGATION AB Most theoretical models on the development of solidification microstructures an based on diffusive growth conditions, whereas convection effects are generally present in most directional solidification experiments. This paper examines the effect of convection on the development of microstructures in directionally solidified Al-Cu alloys. A numerical model of convection is first discussed to characterize fluid flow as a function of sample diameter for the thermal profile of the directional solidification used in this study, and it was established that sample diameters of 1 mm or smaller is required for diffusive growth. Based on this result, a new experimental design is developed for directionally solidifying several thin samples of different diameters in the same experimental run to systematically study the effect of sample diameter on microstructure development. Sample diameters, ranging from 0.2 to 5.0 mm, were used to access both the diffusive and convective regimes. Experiments have been performed over a range of velocities and temperature gradients to characterize the effect of convection on planar, cellular and dendritic microstructures. In very thin samples of less than or equal to1.0 mm diameter, diffusive growth was obtained. The cell/dendrite tip composition and primary spacing were found to increase, and the tip temperature was found to decrease, as the convection effects were reduced in thinner samples. The planar to cellular transition was suppressed in the presence of fluid Row. Also, convection was found to slightly increase the critical velocity fur cellular to dendritic transition. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Kyushu Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Fukuoka 81281, Japan. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Cleveland State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Cleveland, OH 44115 USA. RP Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, 100 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM trivedi@ameslab.gov NR 27 TC 72 Z9 80 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 EI 1873-5002 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD JAN PY 2001 VL 222 IS 1-2 BP 365 EP 379 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(00)00761-2 PG 15 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 394AV UT WOS:000166502600043 ER PT J AU Dong, JH Tsouris, C AF Dong, JH Tsouris, C TI Phase inversion of liquid-liquid dispersions under applied electric fields SO JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE applied electric field; drop coalescence; liquid-liquid dispersions; phase inversion ID COALESCENCE; EMULSION; DROPS AB This paper presents experimental studies on the effects of applied electric fields on aqueous/organic liquid-liquid dispersions, using toluene/water systems with certain physical properties modified by various additives. In general, because of polarization and deformation effects, coalescence of aqueous drops is facilitated by the application of electric fields. As a result, with an increase in the applied voltage, the ambivalence regime the range of the organic volume fraction plotted versus energy input, in which either phase may be continuous or dispersed-is narrowed and shifted toward higher volume fi-action of the organic phase. Effects of physical properties of liquid-liquid dispersions such as aqueous-phase conductivity, organic-phase viscosity, aqueous-phase pH, and liquid-liquid interfacial surface tension are reported here. Variation of these physical properties affected the ambivalence regime differently under the conditions with and without an applied electric field. The phase-inversion behavior was studied in the agitation range of 450-1000 rpm for an applied-voltage range of 0-1000 V, using a stirred tank equipped with a Rushton impeller. The effect of electric fields on the drop size distribution was also studied for both organic-phase-dispersed and aqueous-phase-dispersed. The drop size distribution of aqueous drops shifted toward larger size while no significant change in the size of organic drops was observed as the field strength increased. The experimental results are qualitatively interpreted based on the electric polarization mechanism and drop-breakage/coalescence arguments. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tsouris, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0193-2691 J9 J DISPER SCI TECHNOL JI J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 22 IS 1 BP 57 EP 69 DI 10.1081/DIS-100102680 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 461BN UT WOS:000170345200007 ER PT J AU Hyman, JM Shashkov, M AF Hyman, JM Shashkov, M TI Mimetic finite difference methods for Maxwell's equations and the equations of magnetic diffusion - Abstract SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hyman, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-7,MS-B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 107 EP 108 DI 10.1163/156939301X00689 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 419FE UT WOS:000167938000012 ER PT J AU Buksas, MW AF Buksas, MW TI Implementing the perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary condition with mimetic differencing schemes - Abstract SO JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article AB This paper concerns the implementation of the perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary condition in the framework of a mimetic differencing scheme for Maxwell's Equations. We use mimetic versions of the discrete curl operator on irregular logically rectangular grids to implement anisotropic tensor formulation of the the PML. The form of the tensor we use is fixed with respect to the grid and is known to be perfectly transmitting in the continuous case for orthogonal coordinate systems in which the metric is constant, i.e. Cartesian coordinates, and a quasi-PML for cylindrical coordinates. Examples illustrating the effectiveness and long-term stability of the methods are shown for each. These examples demonstrate that the grid-based coordinate implementation of the PML is effective on Cartesian grids, but generates systematic reflections on grids which are orthogonal but non-Cartesian (quasi-PML). On non-orthogonal grids progressively worse performance of the PML is demonstrated. The paper begins with a summary derivation of the anisotropic formulation of the perfectly matched layer and mimetic differencing schemes for irregular logically rectangular grids. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Buksas, MW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B-258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5071 J9 J ELECTROMAGNET WAVE JI J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. PY 2001 VL 15 IS 2 BP 201 EP 202 DI 10.1163/156939301X01345 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 419FF UT WOS:000167938100003 ER PT J AU Browning, ND Arslan, I Ito, Y James, EM Klie, RF Moeck, P Topuria, T Xin, Y AF Browning, ND Arslan, I Ito, Y James, EM Klie, RF Moeck, P Topuria, T Xin, Y TI Application of atomic scale STEM techniques to the study of interfaces and defects in materials SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE STEM; EELS; Z-contrast images; defects; interfaces ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; THREADING DISLOCATIONS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; SCATTERED ELECTRONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; QUANTUM DOTS; GAN; RESOLUTION AB Incoherent imaging and analysis techniques in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) provide the potential to map changes in structure, composition and bonding that occur at materials interfaces and defects on the fundamental atomic scale. Such comprehensive characterization capabilities permit a detailed analysis of the structure-property relationships of interfaces and defects to be performed. In this paper, we discuss the resolution limits of such techniques in the JEOL 2010F STEM/ TEM operating both under standard conditions and at elevated temperatures. Examples of the use of such techniques to quantify the atomic scale defect chemistry at interfaces and defects in perovskite oxides, the growth and structure of II-VI and III-V quantum dots and the electronic structure of threading dislocations in GaN will also be presented. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys M C 273, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Browning, ND (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys M C 273, 845 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. NR 79 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PY 2001 VL 50 IS 3 BP 205 EP 218 PG 14 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 450NP UT WOS:000169750300009 PM 11469409 ER PT J AU Rafferty, B Nellist, PD Pennycook, SJ AF Rafferty, B Nellist, PD Pennycook, SJ TI On the origin of transverse incoherence in Z-contrast STEM SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE scanning transmission electron microscopy; Z-contrast; ADF; Bloch waves; thermal diffuse scattering; imaging theory ID SCATTERED ELECTRONS; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; ADF STEM; RESOLUTION; CRYSTALS; IMAGES AB We use a Bloch wave approach to further investigate the origins of the incoherent nature of Z-contrast imaging using an ADF detector in a STEM. We discuss how, although at high angles the collected electrons will be mostly thermally scattered in addition to the elastic scattering, it is not the thermal scattering that destroys the coherence, rather the combination of the large detector with the high-angle elastic scattering. This incoherent nature of the elastic scattering arises through the filtering of the 1s-type Bloch states by the detector geometry. We show that it is this filtering that renders an atomic column an independent scatterer insensitive to the configuration of neighbouring columns. It also makes the image contrast insensitive to the effects of beam spreading onto neighbouring columns as the probe propagates through the crystal. We also discuss the implications of this for previous calculations of the intensity of Z-contrast images. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nanoscale Phys Res Lab, Birmingham B17 8DJ, W Midlands, England. RP Nellist, PD (reprint author), Nion Co, 1102 8th St, Kirkland, WA 98033 USA. NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PY 2001 VL 50 IS 3 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1093/jmicro/50.3.227 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 450NP UT WOS:000169750300011 PM 11469411 ER PT J AU Zhu, YM Volkov, VV De Graef, M AF Zhu, YM Volkov, VV De Graef, M TI Understanding magnetic structures in permanent magnets via in situ Lorentz microscopy, interferometric and noninterferometric phase-reconstructions SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY NOV 13-17, 2000 CL SHIMANE, JAPAN DE in situ Fresnel- and Foucault-Lorentz microscopy; induction mapping; electron holography and phase reconstruction; field and orientation dependence and reversal nucleation; Nd2Fe14B ID FE-B AB We present our observations of field- and orientation-dependence of magnetic domains and their reversal nucleation at grain boundaries in polycrystalline Nd2Fe14B, using Fresnel- and Foucault-Lorentz microscopy. The local magnetization associated with the domain and domain-wall in Nd2Fe14B and in precipitated Fe particles was mapped using an interferometric holography as well as a novel non-interferometric method based on the 'transport of intensity' equation. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Zhu, YM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI DeGraef, Marc/G-5827-2010; Volkov, Vyacheslav/D-9786-2016 OI DeGraef, Marc/0000-0002-4721-6226; NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PY 2001 VL 50 IS 6 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.1093/jmicro/50.6.447 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 524CV UT WOS:000173995200005 PM 11918409 ER PT J AU Zhu, YM Wu, LJ Tafto, J AF Zhu, YM Wu, LJ Tafto, J TI A novel shadow-imaging technique to measure charge distribution and lattice displacement SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science CY NOV 13-17, 2000 CL SHIMANE, JAPAN DE shadow-imaging; quantitative electron diffraction; measurements of charge distribution and interfacial displacement; high-temperature superconductors ID ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DENSITY; PRECISE AB We developed a novel shadow-imaging diffraction technique, using both non-coherent and coherent sources, based on parallel recording of diffraction intensity of many reflections to measure charge distribution and lattice displacement in crystals and in defects. Applying the method to Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 superconductors demonstrated its unprecedented sensitivity and accuracy. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhu, YM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PY 2001 VL 50 IS 6 BP 465 EP 471 DI 10.1093/jmicro/50.6.465 PG 7 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 524CV UT WOS:000173995200007 PM 11918411 ER PT J AU Yeadon, M Zimmermann, CG Averback, RS Gibson, JM AF Yeadon, M Zimmermann, CG Averback, RS Gibson, JM TI Reactive epitaxy of Co nanoparticles on (111)Si SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY LA English DT Letter DE in-situ TEM; nanoparticles; reactive epitaxy; inert gas condensation; cobalt silicide ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SURFACE; COSI2; DIFFRACTION; PARTICLES; INSITU; SI AB The formation of epiaxial CoSi2 islands of nanoscopic dimensions is reported using the technique of reactive cluster deposition. Co clusters in the size range 5-50 nm were synthesized by sputtering of a high purity Co target inside a ultra high vacuum (UHV) sputtering chamber, using the technique of inert gas condensation. The clusters were then deposited on the reconstructed Si (111) surface. Upon annealing, the particles reacted with the Si substrate to form epitaxial CoSi2. Our observations were made using a JEOL 200CX transmission electron microscope modified for in situ sputtering and UHV conditions. C1 Inst Mat Res & Engn, Singapore 117602, Singapore. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Mat Sci, Singapore 119260, Singapore. Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Mat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Yeadon, M (reprint author), Inst Mat Res & Engn, 3 Res Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore. RI Gibson, Murray/E-5855-2013 OI Gibson, Murray/0000-0002-0807-6224 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0744 J9 J ELECTRON MICROSC JI J. Electron Microsc. PY 2001 VL 50 IS 6 BP 545 EP 548 DI 10.1093/jmicro/50.6.545 PG 4 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 524CV UT WOS:000173995200018 PM 11918422 ER PT J AU Tobin, KW Miller, JWV AF Tobin, KW Miller, JWV TI Special section on machine vision for industrial inspection SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Michigan, Lambertville, MI 48144 USA. RP Tobin, KW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6010, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I S & T - SOC IMAGING SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA SN 1017-9909 J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD JAN PY 2001 VL 10 IS 1 BP 194 EP 195 DI 10.1117/1.1337356 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 400ZJ UT WOS:000166902300016 ER PT J AU Assanis, DN Poola, RB Sekar, R Cataldi, GR AF Assanis, DN Poola, RB Sekar, R Cataldi, GR TI Study of using oxygen-enriched combustion air for locomotive diesel engines SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB A thermodynamic simulation is used to study the effects of oxygen-enriched intake air on the performance and nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions of a locomotive diesel engine. The parasitic power of the air separation membrane required to supply the oxygen-enriched air is also estimated. For a given constraint on peak cylinder pressure, the gross and net power output of an engine operating under different levels of oxygen enrichment are compared with those obtained when a high-boost turbocharged engine is used A 4 percent increase in peak cylinder pressure can result in an increase in net engine power of approximately 10 percent when intake air with an oxygen content of 28 percent by volume is used and fuel injection timing is retarded by 4 degrees. When the engine is turbocharged to a higher inlet boost, the same increase in peak cylinder pressure can improve power by only 4 percent If part of the significantly higher exhaust enthalpies available as a result of oxygen enrichment is recovered, the power requirements of the air separator membrane can be met, resulting in substantial net power improvements. Oxygen enrichment with its attendant higher combustion temperatures, reduces emissions of particulates and visible smoke but increases NO emissions (by up to three times at 26 percent oxygen content). Therefore, exhaust gas after-treatment and heat recovery would be required if the full potential of oxygen enrichment for improving the performance of locomotive diesel engines is to be realized. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Assoc Amer Railroads, Washington, DC 20019 USA. RP Assanis, DN (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0742-4795 J9 J ENG GAS TURB POWER JI J. Eng. Gas. Turbines Power-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2001 VL 123 IS 1 BP 157 EP 166 DI 10.1115/1.1290590 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 413CC UT WOS:000167591500021 ER PT J AU Napier, BA Eslinger, PW Nichols, WE Anderlini, L AF Napier, BA Eslinger, PW Nichols, WE Anderlini, L TI Improvements in modeling sagebrush concentrations of radioiodine released from the Hanford site SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE radioiodine; deposition; dose reconstruction; stochastic modeling; sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) ID RECONSTRUCTION AB The Hanford Environmental Dose Reconstruction Project estimated the radiation dose to individuals from historical emissions of radioactive materials from the Hanford Site in Washington State. Project validation studies using predicted activity concentrations of I-131 On sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) showed a systematic underestimation against historical data during cold weather months, indicating a need for sagebrush model improvement. A deposition model for semi-volatile organic materials presented by Komp and McLachlen (Environ. Sci. Tech. 31 (1997) 886-890) is adapted here for gaseous iodine onto sagebrush. The deposition model includes a temperature-dependent term based on an integrated van't Hoff equation. Calibration data for the model are obtained from a release of I-131 in 1963. Modeling results for releases in 1946 show a good match between historical data and predicted results using the new model. The new model shows improvement over interception-fraction type models, but requires plant-type-specific calibration data. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Cedarville Coll, Cedarville, OH 45314 USA. RP Napier, BA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3 BP 377 EP 389 DI 10.1016/S0265-931X(00)00155-7 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413HD UT WOS:000167606200006 PM 11381944 ER PT J AU White, GJ Rood, AS AF White, GJ Rood, AS TI Radon emanation from NORM-contaminated pipe scale and soil at petroleum industry sites SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE radon emanation fraction; NORM; petroleum industry; barite scale; soil; radon; radium AB Radon-222 emanation fractions were determined for barite scale deposits associated with petroleum production tubing and soil contaminated with naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM). Samples were analyzed for Ra-226 concentration, the results of which were used to calculate the Rn-222 emanation fraction for the sample. An important parameter determining the overall Rn activity Bur from a solid medium, Rn-222 emanation fraction represents the fraction of Rn-222 produced that enters the interconnected pore space within a medium contaminated with Ra-226 before the Rn-222 undergoes radioactive decay. The primary objective of the study was to determine whether Rn-222 emanation fractions from pipe scale and soil from petroleum production sites are similar to those of uranium mill tailings. Pipe scale samples were collected at four sites representing a wide geographical area, and consisted primarily of barite scale where Ra atoms have replaced a fraction of the Pa within the crystal lattice of the scale. Soil samples were collected at five sites, from areas exhibiting elevated surface gamma exposure rates indicating the presence of NORM. For comparison, Ra-226 concentrations and Rn-222 emanation fraction were also determined for uranium mill tailings samples provided from a site in Utah. Although Ra-226 concentrations from pipe scale samples were similar to those found in uranium mill tailings, Rn-222 emanation fractions from scale were generally lower. Emanation fractions from each data set were statistically different from those of mill tailings (p less than or equal to 0.01). The differences are probably due to physical differences between the two media and to the method by which the Ra is deposited in the material. Radon emanation from soils was extremely variable owing not only to differences in physical and chemical soil properties, but also to the means by which NORM has entered the soil. Although additional emanation measurements from other sites are needed, the data collected at these sites indicate that regulations intended to protect human health from Rn-222 inhalation should consider the type and properties of the medium in which the NORM is contained, rather than relying strictly on concentrations of the parent Ra-226. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP White, GJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625-2213, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2001 VL 54 IS 3 BP 401 EP 413 DI 10.1016/S0265-931X(00)00156-9 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 413HD UT WOS:000167606200008 PM 11381946 ER PT J AU Dai, MH Buesseler, KO Kelley, JM Andrews, JE Pike, S Wacker, JF AF Dai, MH Buesseler, KO Kelley, JM Andrews, JE Pike, S Wacker, JF TI Size-fractionated plutonium isotopes in a coastal environment SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LA English DT Article DE plutonium; isotopes; colloids; cross-flow ultrafiltration; Gulf of Maine ID MARINE ENVIRONMENTS; FALLOUT PLUTONIUM; OXIDATION-STATE; ORGANIC-CARBON; NATURAL-WATERS; NORTH PACIFIC; IRISH-SEA; COLLOIDS; GEOCHEMISTRY; PU(V) AB We have examined the distribution of individual Pu isotopes (Pu-239, Pu-240, and Pu-241) in seawater from the Gulf of Maine (GOM). Samples were size-fractionated with a 1 kD crossflow ultrafiltration (CFF) membrane. Subfractioned samples were radiochemically purified and Pu isotopes were analyzed using a three-stage thermal ionization mass spectrometer (TIMS). To our knowledge, this is the first time that both size class and Pu isotopic data have been obtained for seawater samples. Within measurement uncertainties a single Pu-240/Pu-239 atom ratio of 0.18 was found for all sample collection depths and sample size fractions. This signifies a current, single Pu source in GOM waters, namely global fallout, and suggests that no measurable isotopic fractionation occurred during CFF processing. The majority of Pu was found in the low molecular weight fraction (< 1 kD). Colloidal Pu varied from 8% of the total in surface waters to <1% in the deepest (250 m) seawater sample. Evidence suggests that the vertical distribution of Pu in GOM is primarily controlled by conservative mixing processes. The high Pu fraction found in the low molecular size fraction implies that most of the Pu is in the non-particle-reactive oxidized fraction, and is consistent with the conservative Pu behavior. The activity levels are in agreement with other studies which show a slow decrease in Pu with time due to continued mixing and relatively slow particle removal. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Xiamen Univ, Minist Educ, Marine Environm Lab, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Dai, MH (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Clark 4,MS 25, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Dai, Minhan/G-3343-2010 OI Dai, Minhan/0000-0003-0550-0701 NR 40 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0265-931X J9 J ENVIRON RADIOACTIV JI J. Environ. Radioact. PY 2001 VL 53 IS 1 BP 9 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0265-931X(00)00100-4 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 389VR UT WOS:000166259800004 PM 11378930 ER PT J AU Griffith, MB Super, KS Lynch, W Fishman, BE AF Griffith, MB Super, KS Lynch, W Fishman, BE TI Accumulation of metals in vegetation from an alkaline artificial soil SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE accumulation; alkaline artificial soil; metals; vegetation ID DESULFURIZATION BY-PRODUCTS; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; AVAILABILITY; TOXICITY; CROPS AB This research was conducted to determine whether elevated concentrations of metals in biosolids would result in increased accumulation of these metals in plants growing on an alkaline, artificial soil created by addition of municipal sewage biosolids to inorganic waste materials during reclamation of a filled lime settling basin. Accumulation of metals in vegetation growing on this alkaline, artificial soil was compared with accumulation in vegetation growing on a natural, reference soil that had not been amended by biosolids. Although the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Ag, and Zn were greater in the artificial soil than in the reference soil, only Cd was found at greater concentrations in vegetation growing on the artificial soil. These greater concentrations were only observed in wheat grass (Agropyron sp.), and not in orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Also, the accumulation ratio, which is the ratio of the metal concentration in plant tissue to that in the soil, for wheat grass was much lower than other published values. There were no differences in the concentrations of Ba and Pb in the two soils, but the concentrations of these two metals in orchard grass growing on the reference soil were greater than that in either grass on the artificial soil. The differences in plant uptake of metals appear to result from differences in soil pH between the artificial and reference soils. Many metals are generally more soluble and bioavailable at the lower pH of the reference soil (pH = 5.4-6.6) than at the higher DH of the artificial soil (pH = 7.8-8.2). As a result, transfer of metals to vegetation growing on the alkaline, artificial soil is less than that in vegetation growing on the reference soil despite the greater concentrations of metals in the artificial soil. C1 ICF Kaiser Engineers Inc, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. PPG Ind Inc, Lime Lakes Reclamat Project, Barberton, OH 44203 USA. RP Griffith, MB (reprint author), US EPA, Oak Ridge Inst Res & Educ, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 1 BP 49 EP 61 DI 10.1081/ESE-100000471 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 409FP UT WOS:000167374100005 PM 11381785 ER PT J AU Roh, Y Cho, KS Lee, S AF Roh, Y Cho, KS Lee, S TI Electrochemical remediation of trichloroethene-contaminated groundwater using palladized iron oxides SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE electroremediation; groundwater treatment; trichloroethene; palladium; iron oxides ID REDUCTIVE DEHALOGENATION; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; RAPID DECHLORINATION; SURFACE AB The objective of this study is to develop electrochemically-enhanced dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) using palladized iron oxides minerals for ex situ remediation of contaminated groundwaters. A bench-scale column packed with the palladized iron oxide media connected to a cathode and an anode embedded in a carbon pad was prepared for flow through column tests. Contaminated groundwaters with about 14-16 mg/L TCE were passed from the cathode side to the anode side of the column while the system was supplied with direct current. All of the TCE in the groundwater was dechlorinated even after 300 pore volumes were passed. Furthermore, intermediate reaction products, dichloroethene isomers and vinyl chloride, were not detected in the treated water. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Chonbuk Natl Univ, Div Sci Educ, Chonju 561756, South Korea. RP Roh, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1093-4529 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL A JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A-Toxic/Hazard. Subst. Environ. Eng. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 6 BP 923 EP 933 DI 10.1081/ESE-100104121 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 459LK UT WOS:000170251700004 PM 11501315 ER PT J AU Meshnick, SR Berry, EA Nett, J Kazanjian, P Trumpower, B AF Meshnick, SR Berry, EA Nett, J Kazanjian, P Trumpower, B TI The interaction of atovaquone with the P-carinii cytochrome bc(1), complex SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists CY JUN 13-16, 2001 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Cincinnati ID B GENE; RESISTANCE; MUTATIONS; DOMAIN; MALARIA; SITE C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Hanover, NH USA. RP Meshnick, SR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2001 SU S BP 169S EP 171S PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 531MN UT WOS:000174419300074 ER PT J AU Leon, J Rojo, E Sanchez-Serrano, JJ AF Leon, J Rojo, E Sanchez-Serrano, JJ TI Wound signalling in plants SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY LA English DT Review DE jasmonic acid; systemin; oligosaccharides; protein phosphorylation; local and systemic responses ID INHIBITOR-II GENE; JASMONIC ACID BIOSYNTHESIS; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; CASTOR BEAN-LEAVES; TOMATO LEAVES; TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; METHYL-JASMONATE; ABSCISIC-ACID; DEFENSIVE GENES AB Plants undergoing the onslaught of wound-causing agents activate mechanisms directed to healing and further defence. Responses to mechanical damage are either local or systemic or both and hence involve the generation, translocation, perception, and transduction of wound signals to activate the expression of wound-inducible genes. Although the central role for jasmonic acid in plant responses to wounding is well established, other compounds, including the oligopeptide systemin, oligosaccharides, and other phytohormones such as abscisic acid and ethylene, as well as physical factors such as hydraulic pressure or electrical pulses, have also been proposed to play a role in wound signalling. Different jasmonic acid-dependent and -independent wound signal transduction pathways have been identified recently and partially characterized. Components of these signalling pathways are mostly similar to those implicated in other signalling cascades in eukaryotes, and include reversible protein phosphorylation steps, calcium/calmodulin-regulated events, and production of active oxygen species. Indeed, some of these components involved in transducing wound signals also function in signalling other plant defence responses, suggesting that cross-talk events may regulate temporal and spatial activation of different defences. C1 CSIC, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, Madrid 28049, Spain. Univ Politecn Valencia, CSIC, Inst Biol Mol & Celular Plantas, Valencia 46022, Spain. Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Sanchez-Serrano, JJ (reprint author), CSIC, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, Campus Cantoblanco UAM,Cta Colmenar Viejo Km 15,5, Madrid 28049, Spain. EM JJSS@cnb.uam.es RI Marion-Poll, Frederic/D-8882-2011; Sanchez Serrano, Jose/H-6955-2015 OI Marion-Poll, Frederic/0000-0001-6824-0180; Sanchez Serrano, Jose/0000-0002-4489-4785 NR 86 TC 408 Z9 454 U1 10 U2 75 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-0957 J9 J EXP BOT JI J. Exp. Bot. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 52 IS 354 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1093/jexbot/52.354.1 PG 9 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 409GZ UT WOS:000167377200002 PM 11181708 ER PT J AU Sigman, ME Ma, CY AF Sigman, ME Ma, CY TI Detection limits for GC/MS analysis of organic explosives SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; detection limits; organic explosives ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION; TRACE ANALYSIS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LEVEL AB Method detection limits are determined and compared for analysis of liquid injections of organic explosives and re lated compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy utilizing electron impact (ET), negative ion chemical ionization (NICI), and positive ion chemical ionization (PICI) detection methods. Detection limits were rigorously determined for a series of dinitro-toluenes, trinitrotoluene, two nitroester explosives, and one nitramine explosive. The detection limits are lower by NICI than by EI or PICI for all explosives examined, with the exception of RDX. The lowest detection limit for RDX was achieved in the PICI ionization mode. Judicious choice of the appropriate ionization mode can enhance selectivity and significantly lower detection limits. Major ions are reported for each analyte in EI, PICI, and NICI detection modes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Anal Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sigman, ME (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Anal Sci Div, POB 2008,MS 6100, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 5 U2 29 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 46 IS 1 BP 6 EP 11 PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 451JA UT WOS:000169797900001 PM 11210925 ER PT J AU Jordanova, VK Farrugia, CJ Thorne, RM Khazanov, GV Reeves, GD Thomsen, MF AF Jordanova, VK Farrugia, CJ Thorne, RM Khazanov, GV Reeves, GD Thomsen, MF TI Modeling ring current proton precipitation by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves during the May 14-16, 1997, storm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SAR ARC FORMATION; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; MAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETOSPHERE; O+; PLASMAPAUSE; INSTRUMENT; ATMOSPHERE AB We study mechanisms contributing to proton precipitation from the ring current during the May 14-16, 1997, geomagnetic storm. This storm was caused partly by B-z < 0 fields in the sheath region behind an interplanetary shock and partly by the magnetic cloud driving the shock. The storm was characterized by a maximum Kp=7(-) and a minimum Dst=-115 nT and had a distinctive two-phase decay related to the passage of the ejection at the Earth. We model the ring current development caused by adiabatic drifts and losses due to charge exchange, Coulomb collisions, wave-particle interactions, and atmospheric collisions at low altitudes. The nightside magnetospheric inflow is simulated using geosynchronous Los Alamos National Laboratory data, whereas the dayside free outflow corresponds to losses through the dayside magnetopause. We calculate the equatorial growth rate of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves with frequencies between the oxygen and helium gyrofrequencies and their integrated wave gain as the storm progresses. The regions of maximum wave amplification compare reasonably well tb satellite observations. A time-dependent global wave model is constructed, and the spatial and temporal evolution of precipitating proton fluxes during different storm phases is determined. We find that the global patterns of proton precipitation are very dynamic: located at larger L shells during prestorm conditions, moving to lower L shells as geomagnetic activity increases during storm main phase, and receding back toward larger L shells with storm recovery. However, the most intense fluxes are observed along the duskside plasmapause during the main and early recovery phase of the storm and are caused by plasma wave scattering. This study is relevant to the analysis of the anticipated new data sets from the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) and Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics (TIMED) missions. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jordanova, VK (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743 NR 51 TC 143 Z9 144 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A1 BP 7 EP 22 DI 10.1029/2000JA002008 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 391WQ UT WOS:000166379600002 ER PT J AU Lyons, LR McPherron, RL Zesta, E Reeves, GD Sigwarth, JB Frank, LA AF Lyons, LR McPherron, RL Zesta, E Reeves, GD Sigwarth, JB Frank, LA TI Timing of substorm signatures during the November 24, 1996, Geospace Environment Modeling event SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TAIL CURRENT DISRUPTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; EXPANSION; MAGNETOTAIL; CONVECTION AB An excellent data set has been gathered for the November 24, 1996, Geospace Environment Modeling substorm interval that included an similar to 95 min interval of strongly southward interplanetary magnetic field, There were two expansion phase onsets and a pseudobreakup during this period. For both onsets the classical signatures of onset in the auroral ionosphere (ground magnetometer signatures of electrojet formation, ground observations of Pi2 pulsations, and auroral brightening) all occurred within less than a minute of each other, indicating consistency between these onset indicators and giving reliable identification of onset times. On the other hand, low-latitude positive bay observations that were most likely made near or within the longitude range of substorm onset did not provide accurate or consistent onset timing. Low-latitude Pi2s identified both onsets, though one was delayed by 1 min from the auroral zone onset. Our most important and unexpected result is that particle injection at synchronous orbit was observed to initiate similar to2.5 min prior to both expansion onsets in the auroral ionosphere. We suggest that the early detection of substorm onset at synchronous orbit was at least in part due to the unusually low latitude (63 degrees magnetic) of the auroral zone onsets, which maps closer to synchronous orbit than usual. Onsets more often occur at somewhat higher latitudes, which map to a few R-E beyond synchronous orbit. As a result, particle injections at synchronous orbit are generally delayed with respect to the time of current wedge initiation within the plasma sheet. We do not currently know whether or not onset within the near-Earth plasma sheet generally occurs similar to2.5 min prior to expansion onset in the auroral ionosphere. While we have no reason to believe that the timing we have observed is unique, other studies of low-latitude substorm onsets will be needed to ascertain the generality of this result. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM larry@atmos.ucla.edu RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 106 IS A1 BP 349 EP 359 DI 10.1029/1999JA000601 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 391WQ UT WOS:000166379600030 ER PT J AU Kreutz, KJ Aizen, VB Cecil, LD Wake, CP AF Kreutz, KJ Aizen, VB Cecil, LD Wake, CP TI Oxygen isotopic and soluble ionic composition of a shallow firn core, Inilchek glacier, central Tien Shan SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ICE CORE; ASIAN GLACIERS; TROPICAL ICE; PRECIPITATION; AMMONIUM; HIMALAYA; MONSOON; AEROSOL; CHINA; SNOW AB Oxygen isotopic and soluble ionic measurements made on snow-pit (2 in depth) and firn-core (12.4 m depth samples recovered from the accumulation zone 5100 m) of Inilchek glacier 43degrees N, 79degrees E) provide information on recent (1992-98) climatic and environmental conditions in the central Tien Shan region of central Asia. The combined 14.4 m snow-pit/firn-core profile lies within the firn zone, arid contains only one observed melt feature (10 m temperature = - 12 degreesC), Although some post-depositional attenuation of the sub-seasonal delta(18)O record is possible, annual cycles are apparent throughout the isotope profile. We therefore use the preserved delta(18)O record to establish a depth/age scale for the core. Mean delta(18)O values for the entire core and for summer periods are consistent with delta(18)O/temperature observations, and suggest the delta(18)O record provides a means to reconstruct past changes in summer surface temperature at the site. Major-ion (Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), NH(4)(+), Cl(-), NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-)) data from the core demonstrate the dominant influence of dust deposition on the soluble chemistry at the site, arid indicate significant interannual variability in atmospheric-dust loading during the 1900s. Anthropogenic impacts oil NH(4)(+) concentrations are observed at the site, and suggest a summer increase in atmospheric NH(4)(+) that may be related to regional agricultural (nitrogen-rich fertilizer use activities. C1 Univ Maine, Dept Geol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Maine, Inst Quaternary & Climate Studies, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US Geol Survey, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Kreutz, KJ (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Geol Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RI Wake, Cameron/G-8114-2014; OI Wake, Cameron/0000-0002-5961-5902 NR 35 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2001 VL 47 IS 159 BP 548 EP 554 DI 10.3189/172756501781831819 PG 7 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 546BT UT WOS:000175252600003 ER PT J AU Oblow, EM AF Oblow, EM TI SPT: a stochastic tunneling algorithm for global optimization SO JOURNAL OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE global optimization; tunneling; stochastic; Pijavskij ID STATICS; MAXIMUM; SEARCH; TRUST AB A stochastic approach to solving unconstrained continuous-function global optimization problems is presented. It builds on the tunneling approach to deterministic optimization presented by Barhen and co-workers (Bahren and Protopopescu, in: State of the Art in Global Optimization, Kluwer, 1996; Barhen et al., Floudas and Pardalos (eds.), TRUST: a deterministic algorithm for global optimization, 1997) by combining a series of local descents with stochastic searches. The method uses a rejection-based stochastic procedure to locate new local minima descent regions and a fixed Lipschitz-like constant to reject unpromising regions in the search space, thereby increasing the efficiency of the tunneling process. The algorithm is easily implemented in low-dimensional problems and scales easily to large problems. It is less effective without further heuristics in these latter cases, however. Several improvements to the basic algorithm which make use of approximate estimates of the algorithms parameters for implementation in high-dimensional problems are also discussed. Benchmark results are presented, which show that the algorithm is competitive with the best previously reported global optimization techniques. A successful application of the approach to a large-scale seismology problem of substantial computational complexity using a low-dimensional approximation scheme is also reported. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oblow, EM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM emo@icx.net NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-5001 J9 J GLOBAL OPTIM JI J. Glob. Optim. PY 2001 VL 20 IS 2 BP 195 EP 212 PG 18 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 443FY UT WOS:000169331200005 ER PT J AU Schaub, H Akella, MR Junkins, JL AF Schaub, H Akella, MR Junkins, JL TI Adaptive control of nonlinear attitude motions realizing linear closed loop dynamics SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID QUATERNION FEEDBACK; SPACECRAFT; MANEUVERS; STABILIZATION; TRACKING AB An adaptive attitude control law is presented to realize linear closed loop dynamics in the attitude error vector. The Modified Rodrigues Parameters (MRPs) are used along with their associated shadow set as the kinematic variables since they form a nonsingular set for all possible rotations. The desired linear closed loop dynamics can be of either PD or PID form. Only a crude estimate of the moment of inertia matrix is assumed to be known. A nonlinear control law is developed which yields linear closed loop dynamics in terms of the MRPs. An adaptive control law is then developed that enforces these desired linear closed loop dynamics in the presence of large inertia and external disturbance model errors. Because the unforced closed loop dynamics are nominally linear, standard linear control methodologies such as pole placement can be employed to satisfy design requirements such as control bandwidth. The adaptive control law is shown to track the desired linear performance asymptotically without requiring apriori knowledge of either the inertia matrix or external disturbance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Schaub, H (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mail Stop 1003, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 30 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 24 IS 1 BP 95 EP 100 DI 10.2514/2.4680 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 391LT UT WOS:000166358000011 ER PT J AU Cantu-Paz, E AF Cantu-Paz, E TI Migration policies, selection pressure, and parallel evolutionary algorithms SO JOURNAL OF HEURISTICS LA English DT Article DE multiple populations; multiple demes; island model; migration rate; emigrants; immigrants AB This paper investigates how the policy used to select migrants and the individuals they replace affects the selection pressure in parallel evolutionary algorithms (EAs) with multiple populations. The four possible combinations of random and fitness-based emigration and replacement of existing individuals are considered. The investigation follows two approaches. The first is to calculate the takeover time under the four migration policies. This approach makes several simplifying assumptions, but the qualitative conclusions that are derived from the calculations are confirmed by the second approach. The second approach consists on quantifying the increase in the selection intensity. The selection intensity is a domain-independent adimensional quantity that can be used to compare the selection pressure of common selection methods with the pressure caused by migration. The results may help to avoid excessively high (or low) selection pressures that may cause the search to fail, and offer a plausible explanation to the frequent claims of superlinear speedups in parallel EAs. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Illinois Genet Algorithms Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Cantu-Paz, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 40 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-1231 J9 J HEURISTICS JI J. Heuristics PY 2001 VL 7 IS 4 BP 311 EP 334 DI 10.1023/A:1011375326814 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 443FZ UT WOS:000169331300001 ER PT J AU Kyriakidis, PC Miller, NL Kim, J AF Kyriakidis, PC Miller, NL Kim, J TI Uncertainty propagation of regional climate model precipitation forecasts to hydrologic impact assessment SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RIVER FLOW; PREDICTION; CALIFORNIA; WINTER AB A Monte Carlo framework is adopted for propagating uncertainty in dynamically downscaled seasonal forecasts of area-averaged daily precipitation to associated streamflow response calculations. Daily precipitation is modeled as a mixture of two stochastic processes: a binary occurrence process and a continuous intensity process, both exhibiting serial correlation. The parameters of these processes (e.g., the proportion of wet days and the average wet-day precipitation intensity in a month) are derived from the forecast record. Parameter uncertainty is characterized via an empirical Bayesian model, whereby such parameters are modeled as random with a specific joint probability distribution. The hyperparameters specifying this probability distribution are derived from historical precipitation records at the study basin. Simulated parameter values are then generated using the Bayesian model, leading to alternative synthetic daily precipitation records simulated via the stochastic precipitation model. The set of such synthetic precipitation records is finally input to a physically based deterministic hydrologic model for propagating uncertainty in forecasted precipitation to hydrologic impact assessment studies. The stochastic simulation approach is applied for generating an ensemble (set) of synthetic area-averaged daily precipitation records at the Hopland basin in the northern California Coast Range for the winter months (December through February: DJF) of 1997/98. The parameters of the stochastic precipitation model are derived from a seasonal precipitation forecast based on the Regional Climate System Model (RCSM), available at a 36-km(2) grid spacing. The large-scale forcing input to RCSM for dynamical downscaling was a seasonal prediction of the University of California, Los Angeles, Atmospheric General Circulation Model. A semidistributed deterministic hydrologic model ("TOPMODEL'') is then used for calculating the streamflow response for each member of the area-averaged precipitation ensemble set. Uncertainty in the parameters of the stochastic precipitation model is finally propagated to associated streamflow response, by considering parameter values derived from historical (DJF 1958-92) area-averaged precipitation records at Hopland. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Reg Climate Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kyriakidis, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. OI Kyriakidis, Phaedon/0000-0003-4222-8567 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PY 2001 VL 2 IS 2 BP 140 EP 160 DI 10.1175/1525-7541(2001)002<0140:UPORCM>2.0.CO;2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 418AT UT WOS:000167868200003 ER PT J AU Smith, BA Gartner, S Liu, YL Perelson, AS Stilianakis, NI Keele, BF Kerkering, TM Ferreira-Gonzalez, A Szakal, AK Tew, JG Burton, GF AF Smith, BA Gartner, S Liu, YL Perelson, AS Stilianakis, NI Keele, BF Kerkering, TM Ferreira-Gonzalez, A Szakal, AK Tew, JG Burton, GF TI Persistence of infectious HIV on follicular dendritic cells SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; LYMPH-NODES; ANTIGEN; MAINTENANCE; TYPE-1; BLOOD; RESPONSES; RETENTION; FOLLICLES AB Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) trap Ags and retain them in their native state for many months, Shortly after infection, HIV particles are trapped on FDCs and can be observed until the follicular network is destroyed. We sought to determine whether FDCs could maintain trapped virus in an infectious state for long periods of time. Because virus replication would replenish the HIV reservoir and thus falsely prolong recovery of infectious virus, we used a nonpermissive murine model to examine maintenance of HIV infectivity in vivo. We also examined human FDCs in vitro to determine whether they could maintain HIV infectivity, FDC-trapped virus remained infectious in vivo at all time points examined over a 9-mo period. Remarkably, as few as 100 FDCs were sufficient to transmit infection throughout the 9-mo period. Human FDCs maintained HIV infectivity for at least 25 days in vitro, whereas virus without FDCs lost infectivity after only a few days, These data indicate that HIV retained on FDCs can be long lived even in the absence of viral replication and suggest that FDCs stabilize and protect HIV, thus providing a long-term reservoir of infectious virus. These trapped stores of HIV may be replenished with replicating virus that persists even under highly active antiretroviral therapy and would likely be capable of causing infection on cessation of drug therapy. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Microbiol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Pathol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Anat, Div Immunobiol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burton, GF (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Microbiol, Room 775 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-32406, AI-39963] NR 39 TC 111 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 166 IS 1 BP 690 EP 696 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 385PG UT WOS:000166012400087 PM 11123354 ER PT J AU Otoo, EJ Shoshani, A Hwang, SW AF Otoo, EJ Shoshani, A Hwang, SW TI Clustering high dimensional massive scientific datasets SO JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (SSDBM 2001) CY JUL 18-20, 2001 CL FAIRFAX, VA SP Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Ctr Informat Syst Integrat & Evolut, E Ctr for E Business, George Mason Univ, ACM SIGMOD, IEEE TC Data Engn, VLDB Endowment DE clustering; high dimensional; scientific; datasets AB Many scientific applications can benefit from an efficient clustering algorithm of massively large high dimensional datasets. However most of the developed algorithms are impractical to use when the amount of data is very large. Given N objects each defined by an M-dimensional feature vector, any clustering technique for handling very large datasets in high dimensional space should run in time O(MN) at best, and O(MN log N) in the worst case, using no more than O(MN) storage, for it to be practical. We introduce a hybrid algorithm, called HyCeltyc, for clustering massively large high dimensional datasets in O(MN) time which is linear in the size of the data. HyCeltyc, which stands for Hybrid Cell Density Clustering method, combines a cell-density based algorithm with a hierarchical agglomerative method to identify clusters in linear time. The main steps of the algorithm involve sampling, dimensionality reduction, selection of significant features on which to cluster the data and a grid-based clustering algorihm that is linear in the data size. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Comp Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ejotoo@lbl.gov; shoshani@lbl.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-9902 EI 1573-7675 J9 J INTELL INF SYST JI J. Intell. Inf. Syst. PY 2001 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 147 EP 168 DI 10.1023/A:1012853629322 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 493ZC UT WOS:000172252500003 ER PT J AU Andrijievskij, A Fthenakis, VM Loukashevich, A Trifonov, A AF Andrijievskij, A Fthenakis, VM Loukashevich, A Trifonov, A TI LOCADIS - a model and numerical code for simulating local aerosol dispersion SO JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES LA English DT Article DE aerosol dispersion; multi-pathway dispersion; dispersion non-homogeneous ID SUPPORT SYSTEM AB This paper describes the computer code LOCADIS which we developed to model local aerosol dispersion in the atmosphere. The code can simulate (1) the release of contaminants in aerosol form, (2) the interaction of aerosols with other particles in the atmosphere, (3) the atmospheric dispersion of released aerosols, and (4) the deposition of contaminants on the ground and surrounding infrastructure. The code is also linked with the RIVMORPH model, which describes transport in surface water and sedimentation. LOCADIS is based on an integrated model of transport processes in non-homogeneous systems. It includes unsteady-state conservation equations for separate phases in a two-dimensional space, equations of transport processes at interface boundaries, descriptions of geometrical characteristics of a source, and heat- and mass-exchange of the source with the surroundings. LOCADIS can be used as a stand-alone code model, or as part of an expert system supporting decision-making after an industrial accident. A case study involving atmospheric dispersion and deposition around a release source is also presented. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Acad Sci Belarus, Inst Power Engn Problems, Minsk, Byelarus. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fthenakis, VM (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Belarus, Inst Power Engn Problems, Minsk, Byelarus. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-4230 J9 J LOSS PREVENT PROC JI J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1016/S0950-4230(00)00010-3 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 353FC UT WOS:000089263300007 ER PT J AU Wang, DL Moses, D Bazan, GC Heeger, AJ Lal, J AF Wang, DL Moses, D Bazan, GC Heeger, AJ Lal, J TI Conformation of a conjugated polyelectrolyte in aqueous solution: Small angle neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Lowell Technical Symposium in Honor of Professor Sukant K Tripathy CY FEB 15-16, 2001 CL UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS HO UNIV MASSACHUSETTS DE conjugated polymers; polyelectrolyte; neutron scattering; chain conformation; luminescence ID INTERACTING RIGID POLYELECTROLYTES; POLY-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; PERSISTENCE LENGTH; FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SURFACTANTS; CHARGE; SANS AB Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) by a conjugated, luminescent polyelectrolyte, poly [5-methoxy-2-(4-sulfobutoxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MBL-PPV), was investigated at semi-dilute concentrations in aqueous solution at room temperature. The polymer conformation was studied in pure deteurated water and in solutions with added salt, in solutions with added dicationic quencher and in solutions with added surfactant. A single broad peak in the scattered intensity, I(q), was observed for all concentrations in salt free solutions; the peak position and peak intensity per monomer unit scale with the MBL-PPV concentration as q(m) similar to c(1/2) and I(q(m))/c - c(-1/2), respectively. The upturn of I(q) at low q (q<0.08-1) results from aggregation of the polymer chains; the sizes of the aggregates increase with increasing concentration. The addition of excess salt completely removes the broad peak from the scattering pattern as the salt ions screen the repulsive interchain electrostatic interaction. In high salt solutions, I(q) similar to q(-1), over a wide range of q, indicating a rigid-rod conformation for the conjugated chains with persistence length greater than 800 Angstrom. Cationic surfactant, DTA, was found to separate the polyelectrolyte chains from each other. Initial experiments in the presence of dicationic quencher indicate an increase in the aggregate size. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Polymers & Oragan Solids, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Heeger, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Polymers & Oragan Solids, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Bazan, Guillermo/B-7625-2014 NR 40 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 23 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1060-1325 J9 J MACROMOL SCI PURE JI J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. PY 2001 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1175 EP 1189 DI 10.1081/MA-100108376 PG 15 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 505QC UT WOS:000172926200003 ER PT J AU Redfern, SE Grimes, RW Rawlings, RD AF Redfern, SE Grimes, RW Rawlings, RD TI The hydroxylation of t-ZrO2 surfaces SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE DEGRADATION; Y-TZP CERAMICS; PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; ZRO2 POLYCRYSTALS; MONOCLINIC PHASE; FIRST-PRINCIPLES; ZIRCONIA; WATER; STABILITY; CRYSTAL AB Atomistic simulation techniques have been used to model the dissociative adsorption of water onto the (100), (101) and (110) surfaces of tetragonal zirconia. A number of partial coverages up to a full monolayer have been investigated. Results show that hydroxylation energies depend greatly on the surface in question, although a general trend of decreasing hydroxylation energy with increasing coverage is observed on all surfaces studied. In the case of the (101) surface, hydroxylation energies are positive at all coverages investigated, indicating that a layer of dissociated water will not form, while the hydroxylation energies of the (100) and (110) faces predict that a 50% monolayer will form. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grimes, RW (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, Prince Consort Rd, London SW7 2BP, England. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2001 VL 11 IS 2 BP 449 EP 455 DI 10.1039/b007789p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 405CM UT WOS:000167139700037 ER PT J AU Kriesel, JW Tilley, TD AF Kriesel, JW Tilley, TD TI A new molecular precursor for magnesia-silica materials SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GEL MIXED OXIDES; METAL-OXIDES; COMPLEXES; ROUTES; ALKOXIDES; CHEMISTRY; DESIGN AB The new molecular precursor Mg[OSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3)](2) was synthesized in high yield from Mg(Bu)(2) and HOSi((OBu)-Bu-t)(3). Thermolytic decomposition of this precursor in toluene solution leads to a magnesia-silica monolith. The monolith can be processed to isolate xerogels or aerogels with surface areas of 245 and 640 m(2) g(-1), respectively. The MgO . 2SiO(2) materials are very acidic, as determined by ammonia temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Additionally, CO2 TPD revealed that these materials have a very low basic site density. The TPD results can be explained by a very high dispersion of MgO in an SiO2 matrix, and are consistent with predictions based on charge balancing in binary oxides. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tilley, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2001 VL 11 IS 4 BP 1081 EP 1085 DI 10.1039/b007742i PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 415NR UT WOS:000167728100018 ER PT J AU Schlueter, JA Ward, BH Geiser, U Wang, HH Kini, AM Parakka, J Morales, E Koo, HJ Whangbo, MH Winter, RW Mohtasham, J Gard, GL AF Schlueter, JA Ward, BH Geiser, U Wang, HH Kini, AM Parakka, J Morales, E Koo, HJ Whangbo, MH Winter, RW Mohtasham, J Gard, GL TI Crystal structure, physical properties and electronic structure of a new organic conductor beta ''-(BEDT-TTF)(2)SF5CHFCF2SO3 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID BIS(ETHYLENEDITHIO)TETRATHIAFULVALENE BEDT-TTF; AMBIENT-PRESSURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; BAND-STRUCTURE CALCULATIONS; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DONOR; SALTS; BETA''-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3; TEMPERATURE AB A new organic conductor, beta"-(BEDT-TTF)(2)SF5CHFCF2SO3 [BEDT-TTF, hereafter abbreviated ET, refers to bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene], was prepared by electrocrystallization. The crystal structure of this salt was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction at 298 and 150 K, its physical properties were examined by electrical resistivity, Raman spectroscopy and EPR measurements, and its electronic structure was calculated and compared with that of the analogous salt beta-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3. Whereas beta"-(ET)(2)SF5CHFCF2SO3 has disordered anions and undergoes a metal-to-insulator transition at similar to 190 K, beta"-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3 has ordered anions and is semiconducting down to similar to 100 K, metallic below similar to 100 K, and superconducting below 5 K. At room temperature both beta"-(ET)(2)SF5CHFCF2SO3 and beta"-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3 have similar electronic band structures and physical properties. When the temperature is lowered, each donor molecule stack becomes dimerized in both salts. However, the interdimer interaction within each donor stack nearly vanishes in beta"-(ET)(2)SF5CHFCF2SO3, but remains substantial in beta"-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Schlueter, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012 NR 29 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2001 VL 11 IS 8 BP 2008 EP 2013 DI 10.1039/b008735l PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 453WT UT WOS:000169940000011 ER PT J AU Bonhomme, F Thoma, SG Nenoff, TM AF Bonhomme, F Thoma, SG Nenoff, TM TI A linear DABCO templated fluorogallophosphate: synthesis and structure determination from powder diffraction data of Ga(PO4H)2(F)center dot[N2C6H14] SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-SIEVES; PARAMETERS; PROGRAM; SOLIDS AB A new 1D fluorogallophosphate, Ga(PO4H)(2)F[N2C6H14], was synthesized solvothermally using 1,4-diazabicyclo[ 2.2.2] octane (DABCO) as a templating agent. The structure was determined ab initio from X-ray powder diffraction data. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with a=14.8725(9) Angstrom, b=12.0132(7) Angstrom, c=7.0700(6) Angstrom, V=1263 Angstrom (3) and Z=4. The 1D structure contains discrete inorganic chains built-up by fluorine sharing GaO4F2 octahedra, corner linked by bridging PO4H tetrahedra. These chains, similar to those found in tancoite type minerals, are linked to each other via hydroxy groups and via hydrogen bonding with the ammonium groups of the doubly protonated DABCO molecules. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Environm Monitoring & Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Nenoff, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Environm Monitoring & Characterizat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2001 VL 11 IS 10 BP 2559 EP 2563 DI 10.1039/b103579g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 480PL UT WOS:000171470500028 ER PT J AU Kasemagi, H Klintenberg, M Aabloo, A Thomas, JO AF Kasemagi, H Klintenberg, M Aabloo, A Thomas, JO TI Molecular dynamics simulation of the effect of adding an Al2O3 nanoparticle to PEO-LiCl/LiBr/LiI systems SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITE POLYMER ELECTROLYTES; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; LITHIUM BATTERIES; SURFACE; MODEL; IONS AB The effect of adding ca. 20 Angstrom diameter quasi-spherical nanoparticles of alpha -Al2O3 (corundum) to LiCl, LiBr and LiI salts in amorphous PEO has been simulated at a nominal 360 K by molecular dynamics (MD) methods; the Li : EO ratio studied was 1 : 10, along with salt-free and particle-free reference cases. The PEO forms an immobilised coordination sphere around the particle. Li-ion mobility in PEO is found to decrease on the addition of particles; the effect is greatest near the particle surface in the region of the PEO. LiX pairing/clustering (for X = Cl, Br, I) was observed away from the particle surface; the effect was greatest for LiBr and least for LiCl. The ion-clustering tendency would appear to be dependent on the particle size; it is noticeably larger for the case of smaller particles. A number of unpaired Li ions were found attached to the particle within the region of the immobilised PEO. Corresponding "free'' anions were located somewhat further away from the particle surface in the more mobile PEO regions, along with charged and uncharged ion-clusters. C1 Uppsala Univ, Angstrom Lab, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Tartu, Ctr Technol, EE-51010 Tartu, Estonia. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thomas, JO (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Angstrom Lab, Box 538, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Aabloo, Alvo/C-5639-2011; Aabloo, Alvo/G-9396-2015 OI Aabloo, Alvo/0000-0002-0183-1282; Aabloo, Alvo/0000-0002-0183-1282 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2001 VL 11 IS 12 BP 3191 EP 3196 DI 10.1039/b107345c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 501BY UT WOS:000172664200062 ER PT J AU Lind, C Wilkinson, AP Rawn, CJ Payzant, EA AF Lind, C Wilkinson, AP Rawn, CJ Payzant, EA TI Preparation of the negative thermal expansion material cubic ZrMo2O8 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSFORMATION; ZIRCONIUM MOLYBDATE; ZRW2O8; TUNGSTATE; TRANSITIONS; SYSTEM AB The negative thermal expansion material cubic ZrMo2O8 can be prepared by the carefully controlled dehydration of ZrMo2O7(OH)(2). 2H(2)O. The quality of the end product is dependent upon the route used to prepare the ZrMo2O7(OH)(2). 2H(2)O. The influence of both the Zr : Mo ratio in the solution used to prepare the hydrate and the type of acid used in its preparation (HCl, H2SO4,CH3CO2H, HNO3 and HClO4) are examined. Not all acids provide media suitable for the preparation of ZrMo2O7(OH)(2). 2H(2)O. Cubic ZrMo2O8 could only be obtained from precipitates containing the hydrate. Starting solutions with a Zr : Mo ratio in excess of 1 : 2 were necessary to avoid coprecipitation of amorphous MoO3. The nature of the acid used in the hydrate synthesis affects the morphology of both the hydrate precursor and the cubic ZrMo2O8 particles. Many of the syntheses examined led to cubic ZrMo2O8 contaminated with amorphous impurities. Highly crystalline pure material could be obtained by using a perchloric acid medium for the synthesis of the hydrate precursor. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wilkinson, AP (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM angus.wilkinson@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Wilkinson, Angus/C-3408-2008; Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; Lind, Cora/K-3595-2013 OI Wilkinson, Angus/0000-0003-2904-400X; Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Lind, Cora/0000-0002-8138-3562 NR 31 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0959-9428 EI 1364-5501 J9 J MATER CHEM JI J. Mater. Chem. PY 2001 VL 11 IS 12 BP 3354 EP 3359 DI 10.1039/b104283c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 501BY UT WOS:000172664200089 ER PT J AU Dawley, JT Clem, PG Siegal, MP Overmyer, DL AF Dawley, JT Clem, PG Siegal, MP Overmyer, DL TI High J(c) YBa2Cu3O7-delta films via rapid, low pO(2) pyrolysis SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN PARTIAL PRESSURES; THIN-FILMS; TRIFLUOROACETATE PRECURSORS; GROWTH; BA2YCU3O7-X; BAF2; LAALO3(100); DEPOSITION AB In this investigation YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films were fabricated via a metal acetate, trifluoroacetic acid based sol-gel route and spin-coat deposited on (100) LaAlO3 with a focus on maximizing J(C), while minimizing processing time. We demonstrate that the use of a low-pO(2) atmosphere during the pyrolysis stage can lead to at least a tenfold reduction in pyrolysis time, compared to a 1 atm O-2 ambient. High-quality YBCO films on LaAlO3, with J(C) Values up to 3 MA/cm(2) at 77 K, can be routinely crystallized from these rapidly pyrolyzed films. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dawley, JT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 13 EP 16 DI 10.1557/JMR.2001.0004 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 390DV UT WOS:000166281200004 ER PT J AU Hohlfelder, RJ Maidenberg, DA Dauskardt, RH Wei, YG Hutchinson, JW AF Hohlfelder, RJ Maidenberg, DA Dauskardt, RH Wei, YG Hutchinson, JW TI Adhesion of benzocyclobutene-passivated silicon in epoxy layered structures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MULTILAYER INTERCONNECT STRUCTURES; CRACK-GROWTH; GLASS/EPOXY INTERFACE; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; RELIABILITY; TOUGHNESS; MODULUS; MODEL AB Adhesion and subcritical debonding at interfaces between a silica-filled epoxy underfill and a silicon die passivated by silicon nitride and benzocyclobutene (BCB) layers were investigated. Adhesion was measured in terms of a critical value of the applied strain energy release rate, G (J/m(2)). Subcritical debond-growth rates in the range of 10(-9) to 10(-3) m/s:were characterized as a function of applied G. Adhesion and subcritical debonding were affected by changes in interfacial chemistry and environment. The surprisingly large effect of adjacent layer elastic properties on interfacial adhesion was demonstrated with simulations of interfacial fracture using a mechanics of materials approach, Interfacial chemistry was modified by using different adhesion promoters, by varying the BCB cure state, and by using different epoxy underfill resins. The effects of environmental variables were studied with temperature- and humidity-controlled environments in order to determine the separate roles of moisture activity and temperature. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM dauskardt@stanford.edu RI Hutchinson, John/B-1221-2008 OI Hutchinson, John/0000-0003-2051-3105 NR 45 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 243 EP 255 DI 10.1557/JMR.2001.0037 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 390DV UT WOS:000166281200037 ER PT J AU Groza, JR Garcia, M Schneider, JA AF Groza, JR Garcia, M Schneider, JA TI Surface effects in field-assisted sintering SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM NITRIDE CERAMICS; PLASMA; DENSIFICATION; DIAGRAMS; POWDERS; METAL AB The more-stringent requirements for densification of new out-of-equilibrium powders have created a growing demand for nonconventional rapid sintering processes. Among those, field-assisted sintering techniques (FASTS) have seen a recent renewed interest motivated by their ability to consolidate a large variety of powder materials into high densities in short times. Characterization of a range of FAST-consolidated materials displayed relevant associated surface effects, such as grain boundary cleaning with direct grain-to-grain contact and advanced densification without sintering aids. These effects may be attributed to phenomena ranging from dielectric breakdown to a possible nonconventional plasma generation. Such surface effects provided a better intergranular bonding of powder particles during subsequent sintering. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Groza, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 38 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 16 IS 1 BP 286 EP 292 DI 10.1557/JMR.2001.0043 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 390DV UT WOS:000166281200043 ER PT J AU Lu, EC Iglesia, E AF Lu, EC Iglesia, E TI Synthesis of yttria-doped strontium-zirconium oxide powders via ammonium glycolate combustion methods as precursors for dense ceramic membranes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METHANE AB Ammonium glycolate combustion was used to synthesize SrZr0.95Y0.05O3-x powders. Soluble metal-glycolate complexes, detected by infrared spectroscopy, were formed with Y+3 and Zr+4, which maintain atomic level mixing of metal cations with glycolic acid. Sr+2/glycolic acid mixtures did not form glycolate complexes. Temperature-programmed reaction studies showed that only precursor solutions with metal-glycolate complexes combust, indicating that the combustion is initiated by metal-glycolate complexes. Varying the ammonium hydroxide content and glycolic acid levels above that required to form glycolate complexes did not affect surface area and crystallinity. Decreasing the glycolic acid/nitrate ratio increases the temperatures reached during combustion. Thick disks prepared from co-precipitated and ammonium glycolate powders demonstrated that combustion synthesized powders reach higher densities. Surface area and SEM indicated that the ammonium glycolate powders have smaller particle sizes, which favor densification, than co-precipitated powders. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkelet Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Iglesia, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Iglesia, Enrique/D-9551-2017 OI Iglesia, Enrique/0000-0003-4109-1001 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 36 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1023/A:1004886608705 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 392QK UT WOS:000166422700010 ER PT J AU Hsueh, CH Becher, PF Sun, EY AF Hsueh, CH Becher, PF Sun, EY TI Analyses of thermal expansion behavior of intergranular two-phase composites SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SILICON-NITRIDE; STRESS AB Both analytical modeling and numerical simulations were performed to analyze residual thermal stresses and coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of intergranular two-phase composites in a two-dimensional sense. A composite-circle model was adopted for analytical modeling. Model microstructures consisting of square-array, hexagon-array, and brick wall-array of grains with an intergranular phase as well as an actual microstructure of random-array grains with an intergranular phase were adopted for numerical simulations. The results showed that in predicting CTEs, the simple analytical model represents the two-dimensional composite well except that with brick wall-array grains, which induced significant anisotropic CTEs in the composite. The residual thermal stresses in composites were also discussed. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 36 IS 1 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1023/A:1004890415316 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 392QK UT WOS:000166422700034 ER PT J AU Biner, SB AF Biner, SB TI Mixed-mode fracture characteristics of a laminated metal matrix composite SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID DUCTILE AB In this study, the fracture behavior of a laminated composite, composed of layers of metal matrix composite having 20 vol% particulate SiC and 2014-aluminum matrix and 6061-aluminum as the ductile layers, was investigated under mixed-mode (mode-I and mode-II) loading. The results indicate that the increase in the fracture toughness of the metal matrix composite due to lamination with more ductile 6061-aluminum under pure mode-I loading condition diminishes significantly with increasing load-mixity. The interfacial behavior of the layers is shown to be the reason for this reduction in the fracture toughness values. The predicted growth directions of the cracks during the fast fracture agree reasonable well with experimental observations, in spite of the laminated microstructure of the composite. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Biner, SB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 10 BP 2505 EP 2510 DI 10.1023/A:1017942418047 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 428MK UT WOS:000168465300016 ER PT J AU Solozhenko, VL Petrusha, IA Engler, O Bingert, JF AF Solozhenko, VL Petrusha, IA Engler, O Bingert, JF TI The crystallographic texture of graphite-like and diamond-like boron nitride bulk materials SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB X-ray powder diffraction and quantitative texture analysis have been employed to study the crystallographic relation of parent and product phases in direct transformations of graphite-like BN polymorphs into diamond-like BN phases at a pressure of 7.7 GPa and temperatures up to 2600 K. It has been found that the transformation of both CVD-produced bulk slightly textured turbostratic BN (tBN) and highly textured graphite-like hexagonal BN (hBN) results in a preferred orientation of the crystallites of the new cubic BN (cBN) due to the (111)(cBN) parallel to (001)(tBN), (hBN) epitaxial relation. Phase transformation of a CVD-produced bulk highly textured rhombohedral BN (rBN) results in the formation of highly textured wurtzitic BN (wBN) according to the (100)(wBN) parallel to (001)(rBN) crystallographic relation. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Superhard Mat, UA-254074 Kiev, Ukraine. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Solozhenko, VL (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Superhard Mat, UA-254074 Kiev, Ukraine. RI Solozhenko, Vladimir/E-1975-2011 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 11 BP 2659 EP 2665 DI 10.1023/A:1017952510895 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 434VW UT WOS:000168837400010 ER PT J AU Silvestre, C Cimmino, S Di Pace, E Di Lorenzo, ML Orsello, G Karasz, FE Lin, JS AF Silvestre, C Cimmino, S Di Pace, E Di Lorenzo, ML Orsello, G Karasz, FE Lin, JS TI Morphology development of isotactic poly(4-methylpentene-1) during melt crystallization SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANGLE X-RAY; POLYETHYLENE; SCATTERING; FRACTIONS AB The morphology of melt-crystallized isotactic poly(4-methylpentene-1) samples, prepared by varying crystallization temperature and time, as well as annealing temperature, has been probed by small and wide angle x-ray scattering, and electron microscopy. This was then correlated with the thermal properties investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. Relationships among melting behavior, morphological evidences and X-ray results have been found. Different populations of lamellae, grown with a time-dependent sequence, can be obtained: their relative amount and thermal stability is determined by crystallization and annealing conditions. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 CNR, Ist Ric & Tecnol Mat Plast, I-80072 Arco Felice, NA, Italy. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Silvestre, C (reprint author), CNR, Ist Ric & Tecnol Mat Plast, Via Toiano 6, I-80072 Arco Felice, NA, Italy. RI Di Lorenzo, Maria Laura/N-5692-2015; OI Cimmino, Sossio/0000-0002-8414-7186; SILVESTRE, CLARA/0000-0001-7886-4990 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 12 BP 2865 EP 2874 DI 10.1023/A:1017994102022 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 437WC UT WOS:000169015700004 ER PT J AU Zeuch, DH Grazier, JM Arguello, JG Ewsuk, KG AF Zeuch, DH Grazier, JM Arguello, JG Ewsuk, KG TI Mechanical properties and shear failure surfaces for two alumina powders in triaxial compression SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COMPACTION; BEHAVIOR AB In the manufacture of ceramic components, near-net-shape parts are commonly formed by uniaxially pressing granulated powders in rigid dies. Density gradients that are introduced into a powder compact during press-forming often increase the cost of manufacturing, and can degrade the performance and reliability of the finished part. Finite element method (FEM) modeling can be used to predict powder compaction response, and can provide insight into the causes of density gradients in green powder compacts; however, accurate numerical simulations require accurate material properties and realistic constitutive laws. To support an effort to implement an advanced cap plasticity model within the finite element framework to realistically simulate powder compaction, we have undertaken a project to directly measure as many of the requisite powder properties for modeling as possible. A soil mechanics approach has been refined and used to measure the pressure dependent properties of ceramic powders up to 68.9 MPa (10,000 psi). Due to the large strains associated with compacting low bulk density ceramic powders, a two-stage process was developed to accurately determine the pressure-density relationship of a ceramic powder in hydrostatic compression, and the properties of that same powder compact under deviatoric loading at the same specific pressures. Using this approach, the seven parameters that are required for application of a modified Drucker-Prager cap plasticity model were determined directly. The details of the experimental techniques used to obtain the modeling parameters and the results for two different granulated alumina powders are presented. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zeuch, DH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 12 BP 2911 EP 2924 DI 10.1023/A:1017902503839 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 437WC UT WOS:000169015700008 ER PT J AU Deptula, A Lada, W Olczak, T Ostenson, JE Cruse, TA Goretta, KC AF Deptula, A Lada, W Olczak, T Ostenson, JE Cruse, TA Goretta, KC TI Sol-gel process for synthesis of NdBa2Cu3Ox powders from acidic metal acetates SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING THIN-FILMS; OXYGEN PARTIAL-PRESSURE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; T-C; MELT; GROWTH; PHASE; AIR; MICROSTRUCTURE; BI2SR2CACU2OX C1 Inst Nucl Chem & Technol, PL-03195 Warsaw, Poland. Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Deptula, A (reprint author), Inst Nucl Chem & Technol, PL-03195 Warsaw, Poland. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1 BP 59 EP 61 DI 10.1023/A:1006791507296 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 396AA UT WOS:000166613100017 ER PT J AU Soo, P Milian, LM AF Soo, P Milian, LM TI The effect of gamma radiation on the strength of Portland cement mortars SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Soo, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PY 2001 VL 20 IS 14 BP 1345 EP 1348 DI 10.1023/A:1010971122496 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 460BL UT WOS:000170285900022 ER PT J AU Unal, O Foley, JC AF Unal, O Foley, JC TI Effects of temperature and loading rate on the shear strength and shear yield stress of lead-free 97Cu-3Sn and 95.5Cu-4Sn-0.5Ag solder alloys SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID JOINTS C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Unal, O (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 6 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PY 2001 VL 20 IS 17 BP 1585 EP 1587 DI 10.1023/A:1017908718111 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 472JK UT WOS:000170980400006 ER PT J AU Li, SG Xu, NP Shi, J Hu, MZC Payzant, EA AF Li, SG Xu, NP Shi, J Hu, MZC Payzant, EA TI In situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction studies of mixed-conducting perovskite-type oxides SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN PERMEATION; STABILITY; MEMBRANES; PERMEABILITY; SR C1 Nanjing Univ Chem Technol, MS&T Res Ctr, Nanjing 210009, Peoples R China. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, SG (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Chem Technol, MS&T Res Ctr, Nanjing 210009, Peoples R China. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009; OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060; Hu, Michael/0000-0001-8461-9684 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PY 2001 VL 20 IS 17 BP 1631 EP 1633 DI 10.1023/A:1017966330832 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 472JK UT WOS:000170980400018 ER PT J AU Sin, A Picciolo, JJ Lee, RH Gutierrez-Mora, F Goretta, KC AF Sin, A Picciolo, JJ Lee, RH Gutierrez-Mora, F Goretta, KC TI Synthesis of mullite powders by acrylamide polymerization SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CERAMICS; PRECURSOR; ALUMINA C1 Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, CNRS, Mat & Genie Phys Lab, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sin, A (reprint author), Pirelli Cavi & Sistemi SpA, Viale Sarca 222, I-20126 Milan, Italy. RI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/H-4625-2015 OI Gutierrez-Mora, Felipe/0000-0003-3632-7163 NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PY 2001 VL 20 IS 17 BP 1639 EP 1641 DI 10.1023/A:1017974516719 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 472JK UT WOS:000170980400020 ER PT J AU Sugama, T Sullivan, B AF Sugama, T Sullivan, B TI Hydrothermal oxidation of fluoroelastomer bearings after a year-long exposure to geothermal environments SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Energy Resources Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Mammoth Pacific LP, Mammoth Lakes, CA 93546 USA. RP Sugama, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Technol Dept, Energy Resources Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0261-8028 J9 J MATER SCI LETT JI J. Mater. Sci. Lett. PY 2001 VL 20 IS 18 BP 1737 EP 1740 DI 10.1023/A:1012454209899 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 486AA UT WOS:000171794700024 ER PT J AU Oku, T Suganuma, K Wallenberg, LR Tomsia, AP Gomez-Vega, JM Saiz, E AF Oku, T Suganuma, K Wallenberg, LR Tomsia, AP Gomez-Vega, JM Saiz, E TI Structural characterization of the metal/glass interface in bioactive glass coatings on Ti-6Al-4V SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Coating Ti-based implants with bioactive materials promotes joining between the prostheses and the bone as well as increasing long-term implant stability. In the present work, the interface between Ti-6Al-4V and bioactive silicate glass coatings, prepared using a simple enameling technique, is analyzed. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of the glass/alloy interface shows the formation of a reaction layer (similar to 150 nm thick) composed of Ti5Si3 nanoparticles with a size of similar to 20 nm. This nanostructured interface facilitates the formation of a stable joint between the glass coating and the alloy. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Oku, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Inst Sci & Ind Res, Osaka 5670047, Japan. RI Wallenberg, Reine/H-5405-2011 OI Wallenberg, Reine/0000-0002-0850-0398 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4530 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med. PY 2001 VL 12 IS 5 BP 413 EP 417 DI 10.1023/A:1011296903316 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 427YP UT WOS:000168434600007 PM 15348280 ER PT J AU Balooch, M Demos, SG Kinney, JH Marshall, GW Balooch, G Marshall, SJ AF Balooch, M Demos, SG Kinney, JH Marshall, GW Balooch, G Marshall, SJ TI Local mechanical and optical properties of normal and transparent root dentin SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SCLEROTIC DENTIN; HARDNESS; LESIONS; RESIN AB The mechanical and optical properties of healthy and transparent root dentin are compared using atomic force microscopy (AFM), micro-Raman and emission spectroscopies and fluorescence microscopy. The elastic modulus and hardness of intertubular and peritubular transparent and healthy dentin did not differ appreciably. The tubule filling material in the transparent zone, however, exhibited values between peritubular and intertubular dentin. Raman spectroscopy revealed a shift in the 1066 cm(-1) band to 1072 cm(-1) from normal to transparent intertubular dentin. The material filling the tubule lumen in transparent dentin showed an increase in frequency of the band near 1070 cm(-1) as well. The emission spectral characteristics under 351 nm photoexcitation indicate differences between normal and transparent intertubular dentin. A transition region of about 300 mum between normal and transparent dentin was identified. In this region the intertubular emission properties were the same as for normal dentin, but tubules were filled. The filling material had emission characteristics closer to the normal intertubular than to transparent intertubular dentin. (C) 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Biomat & Bioengn, Dept Restorat Dent, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Marshall, GW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Biomat & Bioengn, Dept Restorat Dent, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 20 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4530 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med. PY 2001 VL 12 IS 6 BP 507 EP 514 DI 10.1023/A:1011215628779 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 435NA UT WOS:000168886500007 PM 15348266 ER PT J AU Kimmel, R Sethian, JA AF Kimmel, R Sethian, JA TI Optimal algorithm for shape from shading and path planning SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL IMAGING AND VISION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Mathematics and Image Analysis (MIA 00) CY SEP 25-27, 2000 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP GDR ISIS, DGA, Thales, Air Defence DE fast marching; Eikonal equations; shape from shading; navigation ID VISCOSITY SOLUTIONS; LEVEL SETS AB An optimal algorithm for the reconstruction of a surface from its shading image is presented. The algorithm solves the 3D reconstruction from a single shading image problem. The shading image is treated as a penalty function and the height of the reconstructed surface is a weighted distance. A consistent numerical scheme based on Sethian's fast marching method is used to compute the reconstructed surface. The surface is a viscosity solution of an Eikonal equation for the vertical light source case. For the oblique light source case, the reconstructed surface is the viscosity solution to a different partial differential equation. A modification of the fast marching method yields a numerically consistent, computationally optimal, and practically fast algorithm for the classical shape from shading problem. Next, the fast marching method coupled with a back tracking via gradient descent along the reconstructed surface is shown to solve the path planning problem in robot navigation. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kimmel, R (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM ron@cs.technion.ac.il; sethian@math.berkeley.edu NR 30 TC 108 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-9907 J9 J MATH IMAGING VIS JI J. Math. Imaging Vis. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 3 BP 237 EP 244 DI 10.1023/A:1011234012449 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA 435ND UT WOS:000168886800005 ER PT J AU Boyd, JK AF Boyd, JK TI One-dimensional crystal with a complex periodic potential SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRUM; EMISSION AB A one-dimensional crystal model is constructed with a complex periodic potential. A wave function solution for the crystal model is derived without relying on Bloch functions. The new wave function solution of this model is shown to correspond to the solution for the probability amplitude of a two-level system. The energy discriminant is evaluated using an analytic formula derived from the probability amplitude solution, and based on an expansion parameter related to the energy and potential amplitude. From the wave function energy discriminant the crystal band structure is derived and related to standard energy bands and gaps. It is also shown that several of the properties of the two-level system apply to the one-dimensional crystal model. The two-level system solution which evolves in time is shown to manifest as a spatial configuration of the one-dimensional crystal model. The sensitivity of the wave function probability density is interpreted in the context of the new solution. The spatial configuration of the wave function, and the appearance of a long wavelength in the wave function probability density is explained in terms of the properties of Bessel functions. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-095, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 EI 1089-7658 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 42 IS 1 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.1063/1.1326458 PG 15 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 388PP UT WOS:000166190600002 ER PT J AU Small, JA Michael, JR AF Small, JA Michael, JR TI Phase identification of individual crystalline particles by electron backscatter diffraction SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE EBSD; individual-particle analysis; phase identification analysis; SEM ID MICROSCOPE; PATTERNS AB Recently, an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) system was developed that uses a 1024 x 1024 CCD camera coupled to a thin phosphor. This camera has been shown to produce excellent EBSD patterns. In this system, crystallographic information is determined from the EBSD pattern and coupled with the elemental information from energy or wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Identification of the crystalline phase of a sample is then made through a link to a commercial diffraction database. To date, this system has been applied almost exclusively to conventional, bulk samples that have been polished to a flat surface. In this investigation, rye report on the application of the EBSD system to the phase identification analysis of individual micrometre and submicrometre particles rather than flat surfaces. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Small, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 201 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2001.00788.x PN 1 PG 11 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 405NK UT WOS:000167165700005 PM 11136440 ER PT J AU Irving, T Bhattacharya, S Tesic, I Moore, J Farman, G Simcox, A Vigoreaux, J Maughan, D AF Irving, T Bhattacharya, S Tesic, I Moore, J Farman, G Simcox, A Vigoreaux, J Maughan, D TI Changes in myofibrillar structure and function produced by N-terminal deletion of the regulatory light chain in Drosophila SO JOURNAL OF MUSCLE RESEARCH AND CELL MOTILITY LA English DT Article ID INDIRECT FLIGHT-MUSCLE; FROG SARTORIUS MUSCLE; IN-VITRO MOTILITY; FILAMENT LATTICE; SKELETAL-MUSCLE; MYOSIN SUBFRAGMENT-1; STRIATED-MUSCLE; CROSS-BRIDGES; A-BAND; ACTIN AB The similarity of amino acid sequence and motifs of the N-terminal extensions of certain class II myosin light chains, found throughout the animal kingdom, suggest a common functional role. One possible role of the N-terminal extension is to enhance oscillatory work and power production in striated muscles that normally operate in an oscillatory mode. We conducted small-angle X-ray diffraction experiments and small-length-perturbation analysis to examine the structural and functional consequences of deleting the N-terminal extension of the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) in Drosophila flight muscle. The in vivo lattice spacing of dorsal longitudinal muscle (DLM) of flies lacking the RLC N-terminal extension (Dmlc2) was similar to1 nm less than that of wild type (48.56 +/- 0.02 nm). The myofilament lattice of detergent-treated, demembranated DLM swelled, with the Dmlc2 lattice expanding more than wild type and requiring roughly twice the concentration of Dextran T500 to restore its lattice to in vivo spacing (9-10% vs. 4% w/v). The calcium sensitivity and maximum amplitude of net oscillatory work near the in vivo lattice spacing was significantly lower in Dmlc2 compared to wild type (pCa(5)0 shifted by approximately one-third of a pCa unit; amplitude reduced by approximately one-half). These changes were in contrast to the lack of effect reported in a previous study carried out in the absence of Dextran T500. The results are consistent with the N-terminal extension interacting with actin to increase the probability that crossbridges form during stretch-activated oscillatory work and power production, especially at submaximal levels of calcium activation. C1 Univ Vermont, Dept Physiol & Mol Biophys, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. IIT, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat Res & Instrumentat, Biophys Collaborat Access Team, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Biol, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Maughan, D (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Dept Physiol & Mol Biophys, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM maughan@physiology.med.uvm.edu RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR08630] NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0142-4319 J9 J MUSCLE RES CELL M JI J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. PY 2001 VL 22 IS 8 BP 675 EP 683 DI 10.1023/A:1016336024366 PG 9 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 573DZ UT WOS:000176815200006 PM 12222828 ER PT J AU Logan, J Fowler, JS Dewey, SL Volkow, ND Gatley, SJ AF Logan, J Fowler, JS Dewey, SL Volkow, ND Gatley, SJ TI A consideration of the dopamine D2 receptor monomer-dimer equilibrium and the anomalous binding properties of the dopamine D2 receptor ligand, N-methyl spiperone SO JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION LA English DT Article DE D2 receptor; N-methyl spiperone; raclopride ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; IN-VIVO; ENDOGENOUS DOPAMINE; RAT-BRAIN; AMPHETAMINE; MK-801; RELEASE; PET; MICRODIALYSIS; INVIVO AB Some discrepancies between experimental results with the two D2 antagonists N-methyl spiperone (NMSP) and raclopride (RAC) have been observed. Among these are the observation that MK-801 increases NMSP binding but not RAC binding; pretreatment with reserpine increases RAC binding but decreases NMSP binding; and that the two ligands yield different: values for Bmax. It has been observed that the D2 receptor can exist in both a monomer and dimer form and that a NMSP photolabel ligand binds primarily to the monomer form while a RAG-like photolabel ligand binds both. Using a model of the dimerization in which the equilibrium dissociation constant increases with increasing dopamine (DA) concentration, the free monomer concentration can be shown to go through a maximum value with increasing DA. Using this model with data from a baboon PET study, it can be shown that under certain conditions an increase in binding could be observed. Further research may show that there are clusters of D2 receptors forming oligomers with more than two receptors in which NMSP binds to more sites on clusters with fewer receptors. If increasing DA favors cluster with fewer receptors, an increase in NMSP binding sites may also occur under some circumstances with an increase in DA. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Logan, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 15380] NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0300-9564 J9 J NEURAL TRANSM JI J. Neural Transm. PY 2001 VL 108 IS 3 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1007/s007020170073 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 414PR UT WOS:000167675700004 PM 11341479 ER PT J AU Fowler, J AF Fowler, J TI Nuclear medicine chemistry SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven, NY 11719 USA. RP Fowler, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Brookhaven, NY 11719 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 42 IS 1 BP 14N EP 14N PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 392TV UT WOS:000166429400005 PM 11197966 ER PT J AU Lyman, JL Noda, T AF Lyman, JL Noda, T TI Thermochemical properties of Si2F6 and SiF4 in gas and condensed phases SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE disilicon tetrafluoride; enthalpy; entropy; heat capacity; silicon tetrafluoride; thermochemical functions; vapor pressure ID VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; SILICON ISOTOPES; FORCE-FIELD; ENRICHMENT AB The available data for determining the thermochemical parameters for Si2F6 and SiF4 has been assembled. With this information, the thermochemical functions for Si2F6 and SiF4 have been calculated as ideal gases in the harmonic oscillator approximation. These results are presented in the format of the NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, as well as in the format of the CHEMKIN Thermochemical Database, Using the vapor pressure data, the thermochemical parameters for Si2F6 in the solid phase and SiF4 in both the solid and liquid phases have been calculated. These results are compared with available experimental and calculated data. The earlier results are in good agreement with our results, However, the Si2F6 results were not previously available in the JANAF format, and the results for both species are on a much firmer footing with the new experimental data we used. The anharmonicity constants measured earlier for SiF4 permitted a determination of the effect of anharmonicity on the thermochemical properties for this species. For this species at least, the harmonic oscillator approximation is very good. Differences between the harmonic and anharmonic calculations were only significant at temperatures above 1000 K. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Res Inst Met, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Lyman, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 30 IS 1 BP 165 EP 186 DI 10.1063/1.1364519 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 438FX UT WOS:000169043900002 ER PT J AU Chang, KI Ghil, M Ide, K Lai, CCA AF Chang, KI Ghil, M Ide, K Lai, CCA TI Transition to aperiodic variability in a wind-driven double-gyre circulation model SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; FINITE REYNOLDS-NUMBERS; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; NONLINEAR MUNK MODEL; SHALLOW-WATER MODEL; GULF-STREAM SYSTEM; MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA; BAROTROPIC MODEL; NORTH PACIFIC; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY AB Multiple equilibria as well as periodic and aperiodic solution regimes are obtained in a barotropic model of the midlatitude ocean's double-gyre circulation. The model circulation is driven by a steady zonal wind profile that is symmetric with respect to the square basin's zonal axis of north-south symmetry, and dissipated by lateral friction. As the intensity of the wind forcing increases, an antisymmetric double-gyre flow evolves through a pitchfork bifurcation into a pair of steady mirror-symmetric solutions in which either the subtropical or the subpolar gyre dominates. In either one of the two asymmetric solutions, a pair of intense recirculation vortices forms close to and on either side of the point where the two western boundary currents merge to form the eastward jet. To the east of this dipole, a spatially damped stationary wave arises, and an increase in the steady forcing amplifies the meander immediately to the east of the recirculating vortices. During this process, the transport of the weaker gyre remains nearly constant while the transport of the stronger gyre increases. For even stronger forcing, the two steady solution branches undergo Hopf bifurcation, and each asymmetric solution gives rise to an oscillatory mode, whose subannual period is of 3.5-6 months. These two modes are also mirror-symmetric in space. The time-average difference in transport between the stronger and the weaker gyre is reduced as the forcing increases further, while the weaker gyre tends to oscillate with larger amplitude than the stronger gyre. Once the average strength of the weaker gyre on each branch equals the stronger gyre's, the solution becomes aperiodic. The transition of aperiodic flow occurs through a global bifurcation that involves a homoclinic orbit. The subannual oscillations persist and stay fairly regular in the aperiodic solution regime, but they alternate now with a new and highly energetic, interannual oscillation. The physical causes of these two oscillations-as well as of a third, 19-day oscillation-are discussed. During episodes of the high-amplitude, interannual oscillation, the solution exhibits phases of either the subtropical or subpolar gyre being dominant. Even lower-frequency, interdecadal variability arises due to an irregular alternation between subannual and interannual modes of oscillation. C1 Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Marine Environm & Climate Change Lab, Seoul, South Korea. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. RP Chang, KI (reprint author), Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Marine Environm & Climate Change Lab, POB 29, Seoul, South Korea. RI Ide, Kayo/F-8443-2010 NR 64 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 5 BP 1260 EP 1286 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1260:TTAVIA>2.0.CO;2 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 427UD UT WOS:000168423100006 ER PT J AU Dukowicz, JK AF Dukowicz, JK TI Reduction of density and pressure gradient errors in ocean simulations SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB Existing ocean models often contain errors associated with the computation of the density and the associated pressure gradient. Boussinesq models approximate the pressure gradient force, rho (-1)delp, by rho (-1)(o)delp, where rho (0) is a constant reference density. The error associated with this approximation can be as large as 5%. In addition, Cartesian and sigma-coordinate models usually compute density from an equation of state where its pressure dependence is replaced by a depth dependence through an approximate conversion of depth to pressure to avoid the solution of a nonlinear hydrostatic equation. The dynamic consequences of this approximation and the associated errors can be significant. Here it is shown that it is possible to derive an equivalent but "stiffer'' equation of state by the use of modified density and pressure, rho* and p*, obtained by eliminating the contribution of the pressure-dependent part of the adiabatic compressibility (about 90% of the total). By doing this, the errors associated with both approximations are reduced by an order of magnitude, while changes to the code or to the code structure are minimal. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dukowicz, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, T-3 Fluid Dynam,MS B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 7 BP 1915 EP 1921 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<1915:RODAPG>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 450ZM UT WOS:000169774800016 ER PT J AU Nadiga, BT Margolin, LG AF Nadiga, BT Margolin, LG TI Dispersive-dissipative eddy parameterization in a barotropic model SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION AB Recently a new class of coarse-grained equations, known as a models, have been proposed for the mean motion of an ideal incompressible fluid. The use of one such model to represent the time-mean component of a turbulent beta -plane circulation characterized by potential vorticity mixing is considered. In particular, the focus is on the wind-driven circulation in a shallow ocean basin, a problem well studied as a prototype of more realistic ocean dynamics. The authors demonstrate the ability of an alpha model to reproduce qualitatively the structure of a four-gyre circulation that forms (in the time mean) when the barotropic vorticity equation is driven by a symmetric, double-gyre wind forcing, and when the dissipation is weak. This is offered as a first step in assessing the utility of the alpha -model approach to simulating more complex geophysical flows. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nadiga, BT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, MS-B2963, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PY 2001 VL 31 IS 8 BP 2525 EP 2531 DI 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<2525:DDEPIA>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 461ZR UT WOS:000170394200036 ER PT J AU Fujimori, A Ino, A Yoshida, T Mizokawa, T Nakamura, M Kim, C Shen, ZX Kishio, K Kakeshita, T Eisaki, H Uchida, S AF Fujimori, A Ino, A Yoshida, T Mizokawa, T Nakamura, M Kim, C Shen, ZX Kishio, K Kakeshita, T Eisaki, H Uchida, S TI Pseudogaps and dynamical stripes in La2-xSrxCuO4 from photoemission spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CREST International Workshop on Pseudo Gap, Spin Gap and Anomalous Metals CY JAN 24-26, 2000 CL NAGOYA UNIV, NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Japan Sci & Technol Corp HO NAGOYA UNIV DE oxides; photoelectron spectroscopy; superconductivity ID UNDERDOPED LA2-XSRXCUO4; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FERMI-SURFACE; TEMPERATURE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; DEPENDENCE; STATE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; EXCITATION; EVOLUTION AB Photoemission results on La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) are overviewed and discussed in the context of the formation of large and small pseudogaps and the effects of stripe fluctuations in the underdoped regime. (C) 2000 Elsevier science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. Nara Univ Educ, Dept Phys, Nara 6308528, Japan. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Chem, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Superconduct, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RP Fujimori, A (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RI Mizokawa, Takashi/E-3302-2015 OI Mizokawa, Takashi/0000-0002-7682-2348 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(00)00093-7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 386BK UT WOS:000166040100004 ER PT J AU Lanzara, A Bogdanov, PV Kellar, SA Zhou, XJ Lu, ED Gu, G Shimoyama, JI Kishio, K Hussain, Z Shen, ZX AF Lanzara, A Bogdanov, PV Kellar, SA Zhou, XJ Lu, ED Gu, G Shimoyama, JI Kishio, K Hussain, Z Shen, ZX TI Evidence for abrupt change in dispersion and scattering rate of quasiparticles in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CREST International Workshop on Pseudo Gap, Spin Gap and Anomalous Metals CY JAN 24-26, 2000 CL NAGOYA UNIV, NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Japan Sci & Technol Corp HO NAGOYA UNIV DE oxides; photoelectron spectroscopy ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTING GAP; FERMI-SURFACE; STATE; DYNAMICS AB We report high-resolution ARPES data from Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 superconductors as a function of doping and temperature. A clear break in the quasiparticle dispersion near 50 +/- 10 meV binding energy has been observed, resulting in a change of the quasiparticle velocity up to a factor of two or more. This break is present at various points of the momentum space, and the magnitude of the dispersion change decreases with temperature and with doping. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Kensington, NSW 2033, Australia. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Chem, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. RP Lanzara, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(00)00094-9 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 386BK UT WOS:000166040100005 ER PT J AU Campuzano, JC Kaminski, A Fretwell, H Mesot, J Sato, T Takahashi, T Norman, M Randeria, M Kadowaki, K Hinks, D AF Campuzano, JC Kaminski, A Fretwell, H Mesot, J Sato, T Takahashi, T Norman, M Randeria, M Kadowaki, K Hinks, D TI The role of angle-resolved photoemission in understanding the high temperature superconductors SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CREST International Workshop on Pseudo Gap, Spin Gap and Anomalous Metals CY JAN 24-26, 2000 CL NAGOYA UNIV, NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Japan Sci & Technol Corp HO NAGOYA UNIV DE photoelectron spectroscopy; superconductivity ID PENETRATION DEPTH; FERMI-SURFACE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; STATE; GAP; DEPENDENCE; DISPERSION; IMPEDANCE; EVOLUTION; INPLANE AB The two-dimensional nature of the high temperature superconductors allows the determination of the energy-momentum relationship of electronic states by angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES). Furthermore, the shape of the ARPES spectra provides information on the many body interactions so prevalent in these materials. In this paper we review some results obtained by our group on the question of the existence of quasiparticles and their interactions. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Tata Inst, Mumbai, India. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Campuzano, JC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 845 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM jcc@uic.edu RI Sato, Takafumi/E-5094-2010; Tohoku, Arpes/A-4890-2010; Takahashi, Takashi/E-5080-2010; Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 35 EP 39 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(00)00097-4 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 386BK UT WOS:000166040100008 ER PT J AU Sato, T Naitoh, Y Kamiyama, T Takahashi, T Yokoya, T Mesot, J Kaminski, A Fretwell, H Campuzano, JC Ding, H Chong, I Terashima, T Takano, M Kadowaki, K AF Sato, T Naitoh, Y Kamiyama, T Takahashi, T Yokoya, T Mesot, J Kaminski, A Fretwell, H Campuzano, JC Ding, H Chong, I Terashima, T Takano, M Kadowaki, K TI High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission study of Pb-substituted Bi2201 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CREST International Workshop on Pseudo Gap, Spin Gap and Anomalous Metals CY JAN 24-26, 2000 CL NAGOYA UNIV, NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Japan Sci & Technol Corp HO NAGOYA UNIV DE oxides; photoelectron spectroscopy; superconductivity ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; FERMI-SURFACE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; GAP ANISOTROPY; NORMAL-STATE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; PSEUDOGAP; PLANE AB We have performed a systematic doping-dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) of Pb-substituted Bi2201 (Bi1.80Pb0.38Sr2.01CuO6-delta) With high energy (7-11 meV) and momentum (0.01 Angstrom (-1)) resolutions. We found that all the samples show a large hole-like Fermi surface centered at (pi,pi), whose volume changes systematically as a function of doping. The superconducting gap exhibits a d(x2-y2)-like anisotropy with a typical gap value of 10-15 meV near (pi ,0). By comparing with Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 (Bi2212), we found that the size of superconducting gap is well scaled with the maximum T-c (T-c(max)) Doping-dependence of spectral line shape at (pi ,0) is very similar between Bi2201 and Bi2212, while its energy scale is different by a factor of 4, corresponding to the ratio of T-c(max) between the two compounds. These indicate that the superconducting and pseudogap properties are characterized by T-c(max) irrespective of the number of CuO2 layers or the BiO superstructure. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Chiba 2778581, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3053573, Japan. RP Sato, T (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RI Sato, Takafumi/E-5094-2010; Tohoku, Arpes/A-4890-2010; Takahashi, Takashi/E-5080-2010; YOKOYA, Takayoshi/B-1478-2011; OI Ding, Hong/0000-0003-4422-9248 NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 62 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 161 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(00)00119-0 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 386BK UT WOS:000166040100030 ER PT J AU Hwang, JK Ramayya, AV Hamilton, JH Peker, LK Cole, JD Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Donangelo, R AF Hwang, JK Ramayya, AV Hamilton, JH Peker, LK Cole, JD Lee, IY Rasmussen, JO Donangelo, R CA GANDS95 Collaboration TI Possible semidecoupled bands in Nb-102 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Letter AB A new interpretation for the two new rotational bands in the Nb-102 nucleus is presented. These two bands in Nb-102 are proposed to be semi-decoupled bands where the odd proton with Omega (P) = 1/2 coupled to the rotation axis and odd neutron with Omega (t) not equal 1/2 is strongly coupled to the deformation axis of the Zr-100 deformed core. The likely orbitals are pi1/2[431] and nu5/2[532]. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Hwang, JK (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 27 IS 1 BP L9 EP L12 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/27/1/102 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 395WY UT WOS:000166605300002 ER PT J AU Garrett, PE AF Garrett, PE TI Characterization of the beta vibration and 0(2)(+) states in deformed nuclei SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID INTERACTING-BOSON-APPROXIMATION; K=0 COLLECTIVE EXCITATION; PHONON EXCITATION; GAMMA-BAND; 2-QUASI-PARTICLE STATES; PHASE COEXISTENCE; E2 OPERATOR; LOW-ENERGY; ER-168; TRANSITIONS AB A summary of the experimental properties of the first excited 0(+) states in deformed rare-earth nuclei is presented. By appealing to the original definition of a beta vibration laid down in the Bohr-Mottelson picture, it is re-emphasized that most of the 0(2)(+) states are not beta vibrations. A consideration of all available data, especially that from transfer reactions, and of microscopic calculations of Of states underscores the need to consider the role of pairing in the description, and labelling, of these states. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Garrett, PE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 82 TC 91 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 27 IS 1 BP R1 EP R22 DI 10.1088/0954-3899/27/1/201 PG 22 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 395WY UT WOS:000166605300003 ER PT J AU Wildenschild, D Roberts, JJ AF Wildenschild, D Roberts, JJ TI Experimental tests of enhancement of vapor diffusion in Topopah Spring Tuff SO JOURNAL OF POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA AB The potential enhancement of thermally driven water vapor diffusion in Topopah Spring Tuff was investigated using a transient-state thermal conductivity measurement. Thermal conductivity was measured as a function of pressure, temperature, and water content by the method of Parikh et al. (1979), which allows separation of thermal conductivity from thermally induced Intent heat transport. The measured thermal conductivity of Topopah Spring Tuff ranged from 0.99 W/mK to 2.07 W/mK and showed an increase with increasing temperature above approximately 40 degreesC. These values are slightly lower than the range of values measured for other samples from the Yucca Mountain, Nevada site (e.g., Nimick, 1990). Enhancement of vapor diffusion in tuff was not observed at any of the investigated combinations of water contents, temperatures, and pressures. The method of Parikh et al. (1979) was subsequently tested on a mixture of quartz sand and 10% kaolinite. A considerable degree of enhancement was observed in the soil for a water saturation of 14%, demonstrating the capability of the method to estimate enhancement of vapor diffusion. C1 Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Hydrodynam & Water Resources, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Expt Geophys Grp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wildenschild, D (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Hydrodynam & Water Resources, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. OI Wildenschild, Dorthe/0000-0002-6504-7817 NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 79 MADISON AVE, SUITE 1205, NEW YORK, NY 10016-7892 USA SN 1091-028X J9 J POROUS MEDIA JI J. Porous Media PY 2001 VL 4 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 412RE UT WOS:000167567500001 ER PT J AU Rocha, LAO Neagu, M Bejan, A Cherry, RS AF Rocha, LAO Neagu, M Bejan, A Cherry, RS TI Convection with phase change during gas formation from methane hydrates via depressurization of porous layers SO JOURNAL OF POROUS MEDIA LA English DT Article ID DISSOCIATION; HEAT AB This is an analytical and numerical study of the generation and flow of methane gas through a layer of porous medium impregnated with solid clathrate hydrates, The porous layer is depressurized suddenly on its lower plane. The phase-change front advances upward under the influence of heat conduction and convection. The first part of the article describes a simplified analytical solution based on a unidirectional phase-change model in which the conduction in the gas-filled region behind the front is neglected. The second part presents numerical results for the evolution of the unidirectional phase-change process. Both methods lead to the conclusion that the rate of gas flow through the depressurized (bottom) plane of the layer decreases approximately as t(-1/2). C1 Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Rocha, LAO (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RI Bejan, Adrian/D-3909-2012 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1091-028X J9 J POROUS MEDIA JI J. Porous Media PY 2001 VL 4 IS 4 BP 283 EP 295 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 513CL UT WOS:000173360300002 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, M Sun, X Yang, XQ McBreen, J AF Balasubramanian, M Sun, X Yang, XQ McBreen, J TI In situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption studies of high-rate lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE lithium ion; batteries; X-ray diffraction; X-ray absorption spectroscopy ID FINE-STRUCTURE ANALYSIS; CATHODE MATERIAL; LINIO2; CELLS AB A combination of in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to study a two-electrode lithium-ion cell made from electrodes from a high-rate lithium-ion battery. The cathode was LiNi0.85Co0.15O2 Both the XRD and the XAS were done in the transmission mode. XAS was done while the cell was charged at the C/2 rate to 4.5 V. The near edge Co and Ni spectra (XANES) indicated that all of the charge compensation occurred on the Ni and the Co did not change its oxidation state during charge. The Co EXAFS indicated that the Co is randomly distributed in the NiO2 layers. XRD data were collected on a beam line with a position sensitive detector. Complete high quality XRD patterns could be obtained in as Little as 3 min. The patterns covered the range between the (0 0 3) and the (1 1 3) reflections of the cathode material and included the (0 0 2) reflection from graphite in the anode. Data were collected while the cell was cycled at rates between the C/4 and 2C rate. In all cases, at the beginning of charge, there is an initial expansion along the c-axis and a concomitant contraction along the a- and b-axes. Towards the end of charge there is a contraction along the c-axis and a slight expansion along the a- and b-axes. After high rate charges there are relaxation processes that last for a few minutes after termination of charge. The results indicate with proper choice of the active materials and electrode design lithium-ion cells can be charged and discharged at high rate with high utilization of the active material. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McBreen, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Mat & Chem Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 130 Z9 131 U1 19 U2 149 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN PY 2001 VL 92 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00493-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 372LN UT WOS:000165235300001 ER PT J AU Liu, P Zhang, JG Turner, JA AF Liu, P Zhang, JG Turner, JA TI Potassium manganese-vanadium oxide cathodes prepared by hydrothermal synthesis SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE potassium vanadium oxide; manganese vanadium oxide; hydrothermal synthesis; lithium battery; cathode materials ID SOL-GEL PROCESS; LITHIUM INTERCALATION; LAYERED STRUCTURES; LIXV2O5 SYSTEM; V2O5; INSERTION; BATTERIES; PENTOXIDE; BRONZE; BEHAVIOR AB Hydrothermal reactions between potassium permanganate and vanadyl sulfate have been used to synthesize new forms of vanadium oxides. Depending on the reactant ratios and pH values of the reaction mixtures, two different layered materials have been identified. The first one formed at a pH value of 1.6 has an interlayer distance of 10.90 Angstrom and a composition of K0.16Mn0.04V2O4.94.0.14H(2)O, while the second one formed at pH Values higher than 3.0 has an interlayer distance of 9.45 Angstrom and a composition of K0.44V2O4.96 Structural analysis indicates that they have a delta -type structure with potassium ions residing in between double sheets of vanadium oxide. The structure and composition of these materials have a profound effect on their charge and discharge properties when used as cathodes in Lithium batteries. The sample prepared at a pH value of 2.3 shows best overall performance considering both reversible capacity and cyclability, which is explained with the coexistence of two layered phases in the material. This material has a capacity of over 200 mA h/g between 3.6 and 2.2 V and retains a capacity of 190 mA h/g after 30 cycles. increase of manganese to vanadium ratio during synthesis leads to a gradual loss of the layered structure and decreased lithium insertion capacity. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Liu, P (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Liu, Ping/I-5615-2012 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD JAN PY 2001 VL 92 IS 1-2 BP 204 EP 211 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00542-5 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 372LN UT WOS:000165235300029 ER PT J AU Crowder, SV Eshleman, L AF Crowder, SV Eshleman, L TI Small sample properties of an adaptive filter applied to low volume SPC SO JOURNAL OF QUALITY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive filtering; autocorrelated observations ID CONTROL CHARTS AB In many manufacturing environments. such as the nuclear weapons complex, emphasis has shifted from the regular production and delivery of large orders to infrequent small orders. However, the challenge to maintain the same high quality and reliability standards while building much smaller lot sizes remains. To meet this challenge, specific areas need more attention, including fast and on-target process start-up, low volume statistical process control, process characterization with small experiments, and estimating reliability given few actual performance tests of the product. In this paper we address the issue of low volume statistical process control. We investigate an adaptive filtering approach to process monitoring with a relatively short time series of autocorrelated data. The emphasis is on estimation and minimization of mean squared error rather than the traditional hypothesis testing and run length analyses associated with process control charting. We develop an adaptive filtering technique that assumes initial process parameters are unknown, and updates the parameters as more data become available. Using simulation techniques, we study the data requirements (the length of a time series of autocorrelated data) necessary to adequately estimate process parameters. We show that far fewer data values are needed than is typically recommended for process control applications. We also demonstrate the techniques with a case study from the nuclear weapons manufacturing complex. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Crowder, SV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA ASQC MEMBERSHIP MANAGER 611 E. WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202 USA SN 0022-4065 J9 J QUAL TECHNOL JI J. Qual. Technol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 33 IS 1 BP 29 EP 46 PG 18 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science; Statistics & Probability SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 390QK UT WOS:000166307700003 ER PT J AU Wierczinski, B Gregorich, KE Kadkhodayan, B Lee, DM Beauvais, LG Hendricks, MB Kacher, CD Lane, MR Keeney-Shaughnessy, DA Stoyer, NJ Strellis, DA Sylwester, ER Wilk, PA Hoffman, DC Malmbeck, R Skarnemark, G Alstad, J Omtvedt, JP Eberhardt, K Mendel, M Nahler, A Trautmann, N AF Wierczinski, B Gregorich, KE Kadkhodayan, B Lee, DM Beauvais, LG Hendricks, MB Kacher, CD Lane, MR Keeney-Shaughnessy, DA Stoyer, NJ Strellis, DA Sylwester, ER Wilk, PA Hoffman, DC Malmbeck, R Skarnemark, G Alstad, J Omtvedt, JP Eberhardt, K Mendel, M Nahler, A Trautmann, N TI First chemical on-line separation and detection of a subsecond alpha-decaying nuclide, Pa-224 SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; ELEMENT-105; HYDROLYSIS; SISAK-3; SYSTEM; ONLINE; NB; TA; HA AB Subsecond Pa-224 (T-1/2 = 0.85 s) was produced via the Bi-209(O-18,3n)Pa-224 reaction at the 88 inch cyclotron at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. After production it was transported via a gas-jet system to the centrifuge system SISAK 3. Following on-line extraction with trioctylamine/scintillation solutions from 1M lactic acid, Pa-224 was detected applying on-line alpha -liquid scintillation counting. Unambiguous identification was achieved using time-correlated alpha-alpha -decay chain analysis. This constitutes the first chemical on-line separation and detection of a subsecond alpha -decaying nuclide, 0.85-s Pa-224 With the fast extraction system SISAK 3. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Nucl Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Nucl Chem, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Delft Univ Technol, Interfac Reactor Inst, Dept Radiochem, NL-2628 JB Delft, Netherlands. Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RP Wierczinski, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Nucl Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS-70-319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Beauvais, Laurance/F-4825-2011; Wilk, Philip/B-5954-2008; Omtvedt, Jon Petter/C-8194-2011 OI Omtvedt, Jon Petter/0000-0002-1822-7348 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 247 IS 1 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.1023/A:1006702712199 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 412RC UT WOS:000167567300009 ER PT J AU Salve, R Allen-Diaz, B AF Salve, R Allen-Diaz, B TI Variation in soil moisture content in a rangeland catchment SO JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE California rangelands; subsurface hydrology AB Soil water studies for California rangelands have focussed on near-surface hydrologic processes, limiting our understanding of spatial-temporal dynamics of the water regime below the root zone. Soil moisture content and potential were monitored for 16 months in 12 locations in an annual grass dominated 20 ha catchment. The data collected were analyzed by ANOVA to determine significant spatial and temporal differences in soil moisture, Further: analysis identified variables that influenced the amount of moisture present at a particular subsurface location. It was determined that there were significant differences in the amount of soil moisture present along the vertical profile of each site and between sites. Soil texture, type of vegetation cover, and elevation were the significant variables that influenced the soil moisture status. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Salve, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 0022-409X J9 J RANGE MANAGE JI J. Range Manage. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 54 IS 1 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.2307/4003526 PG 8 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Ecology SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392LA UT WOS:000166411500008 ER PT J AU Anna, SL McKinley, GH Nguyen, DA Sridhar, T Muller, SJ Huang, J James, DF AF Anna, SL McKinley, GH Nguyen, DA Sridhar, T Muller, SJ Huang, J James, DF TI An interlaboratory comparison of measurements from filament-stretching rheometers using common test fluids SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 71st Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Rheology CY OCT, 1999 CL MADISON, WISCONSIN SP Soc Rheol ID DILUTE POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; EXTENSIONAL FLOW; UNIAXIAL EXTENSION; ELASTIC INSTABILITY; VISCOELASTIC FLUID; STRESS-RELAXATION; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; SOLVENT QUALITY; LIQUID BRIDGES; BOGER FLUIDS AB Following development of a filament-stretching extensional rheometer at Monash University, similar rheometers have been designed and built in other laboratories. To help validate the basic technique, a collaborative program was undertaken to compare results from several instruments. First, three test fluids prepared at the University of California at Berkeley were characterized in steady and transient shear flows there and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.), and then tested in extensional rheometers at M.I.T., Monash and the University of Toronto. Each fluid is a constant-viscosity solution of narrow-molecuIar-weight-distribution polystyrene dissolved in oligomeric polystyrene. The solute molecular weights are 2.0, 6.5, and 20 million g/mol, and the polymer concentration in each fluid is 0.05 wt.%. From linear viscoelastic measurements, the Zimm relaxation times of the fluids are found to be 3.7, 31, and 150 s, respectively. The scaling of relaxation times with molecular weight indicates better-than-theta solvent quality, a finding consistent with independent intrinsic viscometry measurements of equilibrium coil size. Each fluid was tested in the three filament stretching rheometers at similar Deborah numbers. Despite variations in instrument design and the general difficulty of the technique, transient Trouton ratios measured in the three instruments are shown to agree quantitatively. (C) 2001 The Society of Rheology. C1 MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Monash Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada. RP McKinley, GH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI McKinley, Gareth/G-4872-2011; Anna, Shelley/D-4270-2009 OI McKinley, Gareth/0000-0001-8323-2779; Anna, Shelley/0000-0003-2750-4754 NR 65 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 45 IS 1 BP 83 EP 114 DI 10.1122/1.1332388 PG 32 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 389VM UT WOS:000166259400005 ER PT J AU Zanonato, P Di Bernardo, P Bismondo, A Rao, LF Choppin, GR AF Zanonato, P Di Bernardo, P Bismondo, A Rao, LF Choppin, GR TI Thermodynamic studies of the complexation between neodymium and acetate at elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE neodymium; acetate; complexation; formation constant; enthalpy; entropy; heat capacity ID PARTIAL MOLAL PROPERTIES; HIGH-PRESSURES; AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTES; THEORETICAL PREDICTION; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; ACTINIDE COMPLEXES; ORGANIC-ACIDS; STANDARD; IONS; LANTHANIDE AB Complexation of neodymium (III) with acetate in 2.2 mol-kg(-1) NaClO4 solution was studied at elevated temperatures (45 and 70 degreesC) by potentiometry, calorimetry, and optical spectroscopy. The formation constants of the consecutive complexes, Nd(OOCCH3),(2+) Nd(OOCCH3)(2)(+), and Nd(OOCCH3)(3), and the molar enthalpies of complexation at these temperatures were determined. The stability of the three complexes increases with increased temperatures, because of increased positive entropy change at higher temperatures, which exceeds the increased values of the positive (endothermic) enthalpy, The molar heat capacity changes of complexation DeltaC(p,m(MLj)) (J-K-1 -mol(-1)) for Nd(OOCCH3)(j)((3-j)+) in the temperature range from 25 to 70 degreesC were calculated to be: 102 +/- 13 (j = 1); 122 +/- 19 (j = 2); and 239 +/- 27 (j = 3). The effect of temperature on the complexation is discussed in terms of the electrostatic model. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Padua, Padua, Italy. Ist Chim & Tecnol Mat Avanzati, CNR, Padua, Italy. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Zanonato, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 70A-1150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 53 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 9 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 30 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1023/A:1005227108686 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 418QF UT WOS:000167902300001 ER PT J AU Saad, A Ludtke, SJ Jakana, J Rixon, FJ Tsuruta, H Chiu, W AF Saad, A Ludtke, SJ Jakana, J Rixon, FJ Tsuruta, H Chiu, W TI Fourier amplitude decay of electron cryomicroscopic images of single particles and effects on structure determination SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amplitude decay B-factor; electron cryomicroscopy; X-ray solution scattering; single particle; structure; virus; contrast transfer function ID CONTRAST TRANSFER; CRYOELECTRON MICROGRAPHS; COHERENT ILLUMINATION; ATOMIC-RESOLUTION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; VIRUS; MICROSCOPY; RECONSTRUCTIONS; SCATTERING; SPREAD AB Several factors, including spatial and temporal coherence of the electron microscope, specimen movement, recording medium, and scanner optics, contribute to the decay of the measured Fourier amplitude in electron image intensities. We approximate the combination of these factors as a single Gaussian envelope function, the width of which is described by a single experimental B-factor, We present an improved method for estimating this B-factor from individual micrographs by combining the use of X-ray solution scattering and numerical fitting to the average power spectrum of particle images. A statistical estimation from over 200 micrographs of herpes simplex virus type-1 capsids was used to estimate the spread in the experimental B-factor of the data set. The B-factor is experimentally shown to be dependent on the objective lens defocus setting of the microscope. The average B-factor, the X-ray scattering intensity of the specimen, and the number of particles required to determine the structure at a lower resolution can be used to estimate the minimum fold increase in the number of particles that would be required to extend a single particle reconstruction to a specified higher resolution. We conclude that microscope and imaging improvements to reduce the experimental B-factor will be critical for obtaining an atomic resolution structure. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Verna & Marrs McLean Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Natl Ctr Macromol Imaging, Houston, TX 77030 USA. MRC, Virol Unit, Inst Virol, Glasgow G11 5JR, Lanark, Scotland. Stanford Univ, SSRL, SLAC, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Saad, A (reprint author), King Saud Univ, Coll Appl Mech Sci, Dept Biomed Technol, POB 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41 RR01209, P41 RR02250]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI38469] NR 34 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1047-8477 J9 J STRUCT BIOL JI J. Struct. Biol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 133 IS 1 BP 32 EP 42 DI 10.1006/jsbi.2001.4330 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 439CT UT WOS:000169093800004 PM 11356062 ER PT J AU Alme, HJ Rodrigue, GH Zimmerman, GB AF Alme, HJ Rodrigue, GH Zimmerman, GB TI Domain decomposition models for parallel Monte Carlo transport SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCOMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo transport; parallel processing; domain decomposition ID IMPLEMENTATION AB We present a strategy for parallelizing computations that use the transport method. It combines spatial domain decomposition with domain replication to realize the scaling benefits of replication while allowing for problems whose computational mesh will not fit in a single processor's memory. The mesh is decomposed into a small number of spatial domains-typically fewer domains than there are processors-and heuristics are used to estimate the computational effort required to generate the solution in each subdomain using Monte Carlo. That work estimate determines the number of times a subdomain is replicated relative to the others. Timing of runs for two problems show that the new method scales better than traditional domain decomposition. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, X Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Alme, HJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop B265, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8542 J9 J SUPERCOMPUT JI J. Supercomput. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 18 IS 1 BP 5 EP 23 DI 10.1023/A:1008196906753 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 398CZ UT WOS:000166739800001 ER PT J AU Lee, WK Fezzaa, K Fernandez, P Tajiri, G Mills, D AF Lee, WK Fezzaa, K Fernandez, P Tajiri, G Mills, D TI Performance limits of indirectly cryogenically cooled silicon monochromators - experimental results at the APS SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE X-ray optics; high-heat-load optics; cryogenic cooling; silicon monochromators AB The results of high-heat-load tests of indirectly cryogenically cooled silicon monochromators are presented. The measurements show that, provided that the total power absorbed by the crystal is less than similar to 150 W, indirect cryogenically cooled silicon monochromators will perform well, with thermal-induced slope errors of less than 2 arcsec. At the Advanced Photon Source, this corresponds to the undulator closed-gap (11 mm) condition at 100 mA with white-beam slit sizes slightly larger than the full width at half-maximum of the radiation central cones. The dependence of the slope errors on the thermomechanical properties of silicon are discussed and clearly demonstrated. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, WK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 2 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 8 BP 22 EP 25 DI 10.1107/S0909049500013868 PN 1 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 388BX UT WOS:000166158500005 PM 11486492 ER PT J AU Plucknett, KP Becher, PF AF Plucknett, KP Becher, PF TI Processing and microstructure development of titanium carbide-nickel aluminide composites prepared by melt infiltration/sintering (MIS) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; PHASE; KINETICS; ALLOYS; NI3AL; PREFORMS; STRENGTH; CERMETS AB A combined melt-infiltration/sintering (MIS) route has been described for the preparation of composites that are based on titanium carbide (TiC) with a ductile nickel aluminide (Ni3Al) "binder" phase, This approach allows control of the Ni3Al content, which ran be varied readily in the range of 4-25 vol%. Densities of >98% of the theoretical density have been obtained for composites that have been prepared with Ni3Al contents of greater than or equal to8 vol%, Preliminary examination indicates that the infiltration kinetics approximate to parabolic at 1300 degreesC. Compositional analysis of the densified materials indicates only minimal titanium dissolution into the Ni3Al alloy (<6 at. %), with an analyzed carbide composition of TiC0.93. Cubic grain-growth kinetics are observed for TiC-16-vol% Ni3Al, with an activation energy of 400 +/- 60 kJ/mol. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Plucknett, KP (reprint author), DERA, Struct Mat Ctr, Adv Ceram Grp, Farnborough GU14 0LX, Hants, England. NR 52 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 84 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 407HC UT WOS:000167265300008 ER PT J AU Balmer, ML Su, YL Xu, HW Bitten, E McCready, D Navrotsky, A AF Balmer, ML Su, YL Xu, HW Bitten, E McCready, D Navrotsky, A TI Synthesis, structure determination, and aqueous durability of Cs2ZrSi3O9 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLUTION; KINETICS AB The structure of Cs2ZrSi3O9 synthesized using a sol-gel method was determined from the Rietveld refinement of experimental powder X-ray diffraction data. The refinement confirmed that this compound was Isostructural with wadeite: its structure was hexagonal (space group P6(3)/m), and its lattice parameters were a = 7.2303(2) Angstrom and c = 10.2682(4) Angstrom. The aqueous durability of Cs2ZrSi3O9 varied, depending on the solution conditions. In modified leach tests with buffered (pH 7) and unbuffered solutions, the 7-d cesium release rates were <1.2 x 10(-4) g (m(2).day)(-1), which indicated high aqueous durability. However, in unsaturated, unbuffered solutions with a pH of 9-10, the durability was much lower, with 7-d cesium release rates of 2.2 x 10(-3) g.(m(2).day)(-1). The ability of this material to retain cesium in aqueous environments can be explained by its condensed ring structure, in which the size of the channel openings is smaller than the diameter of a Cs+ ion. However, dissolution of the network silicate occurred at high pH, which resulted in the release of cesium. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat & Chem Sci & Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99532 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Thermochem Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Balmer, ML (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat & Chem Sci & Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99532 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 84 IS 1 BP 153 EP 160 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 407HC UT WOS:000167265300024 ER PT J AU Zelicoff, A Brillman, J Forslund, DW George, JE Zink, S Koenig, S Staab, T Simpson, G Umland, E Bersell, K AF Zelicoff, A Brillman, J Forslund, DW George, JE Zink, S Koenig, S Staab, T Simpson, G Umland, E Bersell, K TI The Rapid Syndrome Validation Project (RSVP) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Symposium of the American-Medical-Informatics-Association (AMIA 2001) CY NOV 03-07, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Med Informat Assoc AB The Rapid Syndrome Validation Project (RSVP) is a collaboration of several institutions: Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratories, the University of New Mexico Department of Emergency Medicine, and the NAI Department of Health Office of Epidemiology. RSVP is a system that operates at the intersection of individual health care providers, public health and bioterrorism. Physicians quickly enter clinical and demographic information on patients exhibiting symptoms and signs of the syndromes of interest. It provides early, warning and response to emerging biological threats, as well as emerging epidemics and diseases. RSVP provides real time clinical information to the provider and any other potential user such as the DOH, about current symptoms, disease prevalence and location. The system also serves as a mechanism for the Department of Health to inform health care providers of health alerts and to facilitate the process of collecting data on reportable diseases. We describe here the purpose and the architecture of a network based surveillance system that is currently implemented in an Emergency Department. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Zelicoff, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PY 2001 SU S BP 771 EP 775 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 494CZ UT WOS:000172263400157 ER PT J AU Belov, ME Nikolaev, EN Anderson, GA Auberry, KJ Harkewicz, R Smith, RD AF Belov, ME Nikolaev, EN Anderson, GA Auberry, KJ Harkewicz, R Smith, RD TI Electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry using ion preselection and external accumulation for ultrahigh sensitivity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article AB The dynamic range of Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry (FTICR) is typically limited by the useful charge capacity of an FTICR cell (to similar to 10(6) to 10(7) elementary charges) and the minimum number of ions required to produce a useful signal (similar to 10(2) elementary charges). We show that the expansion of the dynamic range by 2 orders of magnitude can be achieved by preselecting lower abundance species in a quadrupole interface to an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. Ion preselection is then followed by ion accumulation in external to the FTICR cell a linear (2-D) quadrupole trap and subsequent transfer to the region of high magnetic field for gated trapping in the FTICR cell. Two modes of ion preselection, using either the quadrupole filtering mode or rf-only dipolar excitation, were studied and mass resolutions of 30 to 100 were achieved for selective external ion accumulation of peptides and proteins with molecular weights ranging from 500 to 17,000 Da. The ability to selectively eject the most abundant species before trapping in the FTICR has enormous practical benefits for increasing the sensitivity and dynamic range of measurements. (C) 2001 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, MS,K8-98,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rd_smith@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Nikolaev, Eugene/N-4498-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Nikolaev, Eugene/0000-0001-6209-2068 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA81654]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR 12365] NR 24 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1044-0305 EI 1879-1123 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 12 IS 1 BP 38 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(00)00198-7 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 386MT UT WOS:000166066700005 PM 11142359 ER PT J AU Smolarkiewicz, PK Margolin, LG Wyszogrodzki, AA AF Smolarkiewicz, PK Margolin, LG Wyszogrodzki, AA TI A class of nonhydrostatic global models SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; COORDINATE TRANSFORMATION; CONVECTION; SYSTEMS; FLUIDS; APPROXIMATIONS; SIMULATIONS; ADVECTION; OROGRAPHY; ALGORITHM AB A Cartesian, small- to mesoscale nonhydrostatic model is extended to a rotating mountainous sphere, thereby dispensing with the traditional geophysical simplifications of hydrostaticity, gentle terrain slopes, and weak rotation. The authors discuss the algorithmic design, relative efficiency, and accuracy of several different variants (hydrostatic, nonhydrostatic, implicit, explicit, elastic, anelastic, etc.) of the global model and prepare the ground for a future "global cloud model''- a research tool to study effects of small- and mesoscale phenomena on global flows and vice versa. There are two primary threads to the discussion: (a) presenting a novel semi-implicit anelastic global dynamics model as it naturally emerges from a small- scale dynamics model, and (b) demonstrating that nonhydrostatic anelastic global models derived from small- scale codes adequately capture a broad range of planetary flows while requiring relatively minor overhead due to the nonhydrostatic formulation of the governing equations. The authors substantiate their theoretical discussions with a detailed analysis of numerous simulations of idealized global orographic flows and climate states. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, MMM, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Warsaw, Dept Phys, Warsaw, Poland. RP Smolarkiewicz, PK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, MMM, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RI Wyszogrodzki, Andrzej/M-1772-2014 NR 47 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2001 VL 58 IS 4 BP 349 EP 364 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<0349:ACONGM>2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393NA UT WOS:000166475500002 ER PT J AU Gerber, H Jensen, JB Davis, AB Marshak, A Wiscombe, WJ AF Gerber, H Jensen, JB Davis, AB Marshak, A Wiscombe, WJ TI Spectral density of cloud liquid water content at high frequencies SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; CUMULUS; PARAMETERIZATION; INTERMITTENCY; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONDENSATION; MICROPHYSICS; CENTIMETER AB Aircraft measurements of liquid water content (LWC) made at sampling frequencies of 1 and 2 kHz with a particle volume monitor (PVM) probe from horizontal traverses in stratocumulus clouds during the Southern Ocean Cloud Experiment and cumulus clouds during the Small Cumulus Microphysics Study are described. The spectral density of the LWC measurements is calculated and compared to the -5/3 scaling law. The effect of PVM sampling noise is found to be small in most cases. Most measurements follow approximately the -5/3 law until cloud scales decrease below about 5 m in length. Below this length LWC variance can exceed that predicted by the -5/3 law. It is suggested that the enhanced LWC variance at small scales is related to entrainment of environmental air into the clouds, which changes primarily the droplet concentration. C1 Gerber Sci Inc, Reston, VA 20190 USA. CSIRO Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Gerber, H (reprint author), Gerber Sci Inc, 1643 Bentana Way, Reston, VA 20190 USA. EM gerber.gsi@erols.com RI Jensen, Jorgen/C-9211-2009; Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Marshak, Alexander/D-5671-2012 OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; NR 35 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2001 VL 58 IS 5 BP 497 EP 503 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<0497:SDOCLW>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 402AX UT WOS:000166964400006 ER PT J AU Stevens, B Ackerman, AS Albrecht, BA Brown, AR Chlond, A Cuxart, J Duynkerke, PG Lewellen, DC Macvean, MK Neggers, RAJ Sanchez, E Siebesma, AP Stevens, DE AF Stevens, B Ackerman, AS Albrecht, BA Brown, AR Chlond, A Cuxart, J Duynkerke, PG Lewellen, DC Macvean, MK Neggers, RAJ Sanchez, E Siebesma, AP Stevens, DE TI Simulations of trade wind cumuli under a strong inversion SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; FRACTIONAL CLOUDINESS; CONVECTION; PARAMETERIZATION; PARAMETRIZATION; MODEL; MASS AB The fifth intercomparison of the Global Water and Energy Experiment Cloud System Studies Working Group 1 is used as a vehicle for better understanding the dynamics of trade wind cumuli capped by a strong inversion. The basis of the intercomparison is 10 simulations by 7 groups. These simulations are supplemented by many further sensitivity studies, including some with very refined grid meshes. The simulations help illustrate the turbulent dynamics of trade cumuli in such a regime. In many respects the dynamics are similar to those found in many previous simulations of trade cumuli capped by weaker inversions. The principal differences are the extent to which the cloud layer is quasi-steady in the current simulations, evidence of weak countergradient momentum transport within the cloud layer, and the development and influence of an incipient stratiform cloud layer at the top of the cloud layer. Although many elements of the turbulent structure (including the wind profiles, the evolution of cloud-base height, the statistics of the subcloud layer, and the nature of mixing in the lower and middle parts of the cloud layer) are robustly predicted, the representation of the stratiform cloud amount by the different simulations is remarkably sensitive to a number of factors. Chief among these are differences between numerical algorithms. These sensitivities persist even among simulations on relatively refined grid meshes. Part of this sensitivity is attributed to a physically realistic positive radiative feedback, whereby a propensity toward higher cloud fractions in any given simulation is amplified by longwave radiative cooling. The simulations also provide new insight into the dynamics of the transition layer at cloud base. In accord with observations, the simulations predict that this layer is most identifiable in terms of moisture variances and gradients. The simulations help illustrate the highly variable (in both height and thickness) nature of the transition layer, and we speculate that this variability helps regulate convection. Lastly the simulations are used to help evaluate simple models of trade wind boundary layers. In accord with previous studies, mass-flux models well represent the dynamics of the cloud layer, while mixing-length models well represent the subcloud layer. The development of the stratiform cloud layer is not, however, captured by the mass-flux models. The simulations indicate that future theoretical research needs to focus on interface rules, whereby the cloud layer is coupled to the subcloud layer below and the free atmosphere above. Future observational studies of this regime would be of most benefit if they could provide robust cloud statistics as a function of mean environmental conditions. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Met Off, Bracknell, Berks, England. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. Inst Nacl Meteorol, Madrid, Spain. Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. W Virginia Univ, MAE Dept, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Stevens, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, 405 Hilgard Ave,Box 951565, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Lewellen, David/B-1453-2008; Ackerman, Andrew/D-4433-2012; Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Sanchez, Enrique/L-5086-2014 OI Ackerman, Andrew/0000-0003-0254-6253; Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Sanchez, Enrique/0000-0002-7720-4437 NR 31 TC 154 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2001 VL 58 IS 14 BP 1870 EP 1891 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<1870:SOTWCU>2.0.CO;2 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 450UL UT WOS:000169762500003 ER PT J AU Kato, S Mace, GG Clothiaux, EE Liljegren, JC Austin, RT AF Kato, S Mace, GG Clothiaux, EE Liljegren, JC Austin, RT TI Doppler cloud radar derived drop size distributions in liquid water stratus clouds SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; CLIMATE MODELS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SCATTERING; PARAMETERIZATION AB A cloud particle size retrieval algorithm that uses radar reflectivity factor and Doppler velocity obtained by a 35-GHz Doppler radar and liquid water path estimated from microwave radiometer radiance measurements is developed to infer the size distribution of stratus cloud particles. Assuming a constant, but unknown, number concentration with height, the algorithm retrieves the number concentration and vertical profiles of liquid water content and particle effective radius. A novel aspect of the retrieval is that it depends upon an estimated particle median radius vertical profile that is derived from a statistical model that relates size to variations in particle vertical velocity; the model posits that the median particle radius is proportional to the fourth root of the particle velocity variance if the radii of particles in a parcel of zero vertical velocity is neglected. The performance of the retrieval is evaluated using data from two stratus case study days 1.5 and 8.0 h in temporal extent. Aircraft in situ microphysical measurements were available on one of the two days and the retrieved number concentrations and effective radii are consistent with them. The retrieved liquid water content and effective radius increase with height for both stratus cases, which agree with earlier studies. Error analyses suggest that the error in the liquid water content vanishes and the magnitudes of the fractional error in the effective radius and shortwave extinction coefficient computed from retrieved cloud particle size distributions are half of the magnitudes of the fractional error in the estimated cloud particle median radius if the fractional error in the median radius is constant with height. C1 Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kato, S (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PY 2001 VL 58 IS 19 BP 2895 EP 2911 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<2895:DCRDDS>2.0.CO;2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 478LD UT WOS:000171346900004 ER PT J AU Bowmaker, GA Hanna, JV Rickard, CEF Lipton, AS AF Bowmaker, GA Hanna, JV Rickard, CEF Lipton, AS TI Crystal structures and vibrational and solid-state (CPMAS) NMR spectroscopy of some bis(triphenylphosphine)silver(I) sulfate, selenate and phosphate systems SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SULFURIC-ACID-SOLUTION; ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SILVER(I) COMPLEXES; METAL-PHOSPHINE; COPPER; ADSORPTION; ELECTRODE; GOLD; PT(111) AB The crystal structures of [Ag-2(PPh3)(4)(EO4)]. 2H(2)O (E=S 1 or Se 2) showed that these contain [Ag-2(PPh3)(4)(EO4)] units with three-coordinate silver and EO42- bridging the two silver atoms via two oxygen atoms. The complexes [Ag(PPh3)(2)(HEO4)].H2O (E=S 3 or Se 4) contain [Ag(PPh3)(2)(HEO4)] molecules in which HEO4- is terminally bound to the silver atoms by a single oxygen atom. The complex [Ag(PPh3)(2)(H2PO4)]. 2EtOH 5 contains [Ag(PPh3)(2)(H2PO4)] molecules in which H2PO4- is terminally bound to the silver atom, which is essentially three-coordinate. Heteronuclear (1)J(Ag-107/109,P-31) and homonuclear (2)J(P-31,P-31) spin-spin coupling constants for these compounds were determined by analysis of their high- (9.40 T) and very high-field (17.62 T) P-31 CPMAS NMR spectra, with the aid of the 2-D P-31 CPCOSY technique, and a strong inverse correlation was found between (1)J(Ag-107/109,P-31) and the Ag-P bond length. IR and Raman studies show that the effect of a bound proton on the vibrational frequencies of EO42- is much greater than that of an attached metal atom. C1 Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Auckland, New Zealand. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, NMR Facil, Div Mat, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bowmaker, GA (reprint author), Univ Auckland, Dept Chem, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. NR 51 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-7773 J9 J CHEM SOC DALTON JI J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans. PY 2001 IS 1 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.1039/b007796h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 384KD UT WOS:000165940600003 ER PT J AU Harrison, WTA Phillips, MLF Nenoff, TM MacLean, EJ Teat, SJ Maxwell, RS AF Harrison, WTA Phillips, MLF Nenoff, TM MacLean, EJ Teat, SJ Maxwell, RS TI [CN3H6](2)[Zn(CO3)(2)], the first organically templated open-framework carbonate SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article AB [CN3H6](2)[Zn(CO3)(2)], the first organically templated open-framework carbonate has been synthesized hydrothermally and its single crystal structure and some properties have been determined. This phase is built up from a three-dimensional framework of vertex-linked ZnO4 and CO3 building units encapsulating the extra-framework guanidinium cations. Template-to-framework hydrogen bonding appears to play an important role in stabilizing the structure. The zincocarbonate framework shows a surprising similarity to those of known zinc phosphates and phosphites. C1 Univ Aberdeen, Dept Chem, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. Sandia Natl Labs, Environm Monitoring & Characterizat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. SERC, Daresbury Lab, CCLRC, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Harrison, WTA (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Dept Chem, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. RI Shotton, Elizabeth/C-3486-2014 NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-7773 J9 J CHEM SOC DALTON JI J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans. PY 2001 IS 5 BP 546 EP 549 DI 10.1039/b009641p PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 411KP UT WOS:000167499500011 ER PT J AU Giesbrecht, GR Whitener, GD Arnold, J AF Giesbrecht, GR Whitener, GD Arnold, J TI Mono-guanidinate complexes of lanthanum: synthesis, structure and their use in lactide polymerization SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE catalysis; homogeneous; lanthanides; lanthanum ID RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; POLY(LACTIC ACID); EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE; ANCILLARY LIGANDS; METAL OXIDATION; YTTRIUM; INITIATOR; DERIVATIVES; ARYLOXIDES AB La[N(SiMe3)(2)](3) reacted with 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in refluxing toluene to yield the mono-guanidinate complex La[CyNC(N(SiMe3)(2))NCy](N(SiMe3)(2))(2) 1. Compound 1 is monomeric in solution; X-ray structural analysis reveals an unassociated complex in the solid state, with a four-coordinate lanthanum center. Complex 1 reacts with 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (2 equivalents) in cold pentane to yield the bis(phenoxide) complex La[CyNC(N(SiMe3)(2))NCy]((OC6H3Bu2)-Bu-t-2,6)(2). X-Ray analysis indicates a similar structure to that of 1, with a four-coordinate lanthanum center coordinated by a single guanidinate ligand and two phenoxide groups. This compound catalyses the ring-opening polymerization of D,L-lactide to polylactide. Although high molecular weight polymer is obtained, polydispersities are broad and no control over the stereochemistry of the polymer is observed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arnold, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Arnold, John/F-3963-2012 OI Arnold, John/0000-0001-9671-227X NR 58 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 2 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-7773 J9 J CHEM SOC DALTON JI J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans. PY 2001 IS 6 BP 923 EP 927 DI 10.1039/b008164g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 411KQ UT WOS:000167499600027 ER PT J AU Christensen, AN Bareges, A Nielsen, RB Hazell, RG Norby, P Hanson, JC AF Christensen, AN Bareges, A Nielsen, RB Hazell, RG Norby, P Hanson, JC TI Study of formation of cobalt and zinc phosphates in solvothermal synthesis using piperazine and 2-methylpiperazine as templating molecules. Structure investigations of [C4H8N2H4][(Co0.44(1)Zn0.56(1))(2)(PO4)(H1.5PO4)(2)] and of [C5N2H14][(Co0.25(3)Zn0.75(3))(HPO4)(2)] SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; ALUMINOPHOSPHATE; DIFFRACTION; COMPLEX AB The compounds [C4H8N2H4][Zn-2(PO4)(H1.5PO4)(2)], [C4H8N2H4][(Co0.44(1)Zn0.56(1))(2)(PO4)(H1.5PO4)(2)], [C5N2H14][Zn(HPO4)(2)] and [C5N2H14][(Co0.25(3)Zn0.75(3))(HPO4)(2)] were obtained in solvothermal synthesis using piperazine or 2-methylpiperazine as templating molecules. Syntheses were made in Teflon-lined pressure vessels at temperatures up to 190 degreesC and the crystallization processes were investigated by real time in situ measurements of synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction patterns at temperatures up to 200 degreesC. C1 Aarhus Univ, Dept Inorgan Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Oslo, Dept Chem, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Christensen, AN (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Dept Inorgan Chem, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Norby, Poul/B-9047-2014 OI Norby, Poul/0000-0002-2590-7050 NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-7773 J9 J CHEM SOC DALTON JI J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans. PY 2001 IS 10 BP 1611 EP 1615 DI 10.1039/b009677f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 430WK UT WOS:000168598300012 ER PT J AU Rao, LF Zanonato, P Di Bernardo, P Bismondo, A AF Rao, LF Zanonato, P Di Bernardo, P Bismondo, A TI Complexation of Eu(III) with alkyl-substituted malonamides in acetonitrile SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID NITRIC-ACID SOLUTION; METALLIC ION SOLVATION; RARE-EARTH; DIMETHYL-SULFOXIDE; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; FT-IR; ANHYDROUS ACETONITRILE; CHEMICAL SEPARATIONS; ALIPHATIC AMIDES; URANIUM(VI) AB The complexation of Eu(III) with a series of alkyl-substituted malonamide ligands was studied in organic solvents using calorimetry, FT-IR and luminescence spectroscopy. The formation constants were determined in acetonitrile containing small amounts of dimethyl sulfoxide. The effects of substitution on the nitrogen atoms as well as on the central carbon atom were evaluated. For the substitution on the nitrogen atoms, the formation constants decrease in the order: N,N,N',N'-tetramethylmalonamide (TMMA) > N,N'-dibutyl-N,N'-dimethylmalonamide (DMDBMA) > N,N,N',N'-tetrahexylmalonamide (THMA) > N,N,N',N'-tetraisopropylmalonamide (TiPMA). For substitution on the central carbon atom, the formation constants decrease in the order: N,N,N',N'-tetrahexyl-2-methylmalonamide (MeTHMA) > N,N,N',N'-tetrahexylmalonamide (THMA) > N,N,N',N'-tetrahexyl-2,2-dimethylmalonamide (DMeTHMA). These orders are discussed in terms of the steric effect and the ligand basicity. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy. CNR, Ist Chim & Tecnol Mat Avanzati, Padua, Italy. RP Rao, LF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-7773 J9 J CHEM SOC DALTON JI J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans. PY 2001 IS 13 BP 1939 EP 1944 DI 10.1039/b009795k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 451DV UT WOS:000169786600004 ER PT J AU Zhan, CG Niu, SQ Ornstein, RL AF Zhan, CG Niu, SQ Ornstein, RL TI Theoretical studies of nonenzymatic reaction pathways for the three reaction stages of the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 2 LA English DT Article ID REACTION FIELD-THEORY; TRANSITION STRUCTURES; RIBULOSE 1,5-BISPHOSPHATE; MOLECULAR MECHANISM; RUBISCO SUBSTRATE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ENEDIOL MOIETY; MODEL; COMPLEX; ENZYME AB Alternative reaction pathways of the nonenzymatic carboxylation of D-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) have been theoretically deduced by carrying out a series of first-principle calculations on two model systems, Several favorable competing reaction pathways have been found. The optimized geometries of the transition states and intermediates and the calculated relative energies are employed to explore the nature of transition-state stabilizing factors. It has been shown that hydrogen bonding plays a key role in the transition state stabilization in the competing reaction pathways for addition of CO2 and H2O. Substituent effects on the calculated energy barriers are also very large for the addition of CO2, but less important for the subsequent reaction stages. Including solvent effects, the energy barriers calculated for the addition of CO2 become significantly lower while the energy barriers calculated for the addition of H2O and for the C-C bond cleavage step become significantly and slightly higher, respectively. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Med, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Zhan, CG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mailstop K2-21,Battelle Bldv,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-779X J9 J CHEM SOC PERK T 2 JI J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 2 PD JAN PY 2001 IS 1 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1039/b007451i PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 395VF UT WOS:000166601400006 ER PT J AU Levitskaia, TG Sachleben, RA Bryan, RC Moyer, BA AF Levitskaia, TG Sachleben, RA Bryan, RC Moyer, BA TI Synthesis, structure, and extraction behavior of 4,5',4 '' 5 '''-tetra-tert-butyltetrabenzo-24-crown-8 SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 2 LA English DT Article ID ALKALINE-EARTH CATIONS; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; CROWN-ETHERS; MACROCYCLE INTERACTION; ION SELECTIVITY; KINETIC DATA; METAL-IONS; 1,2-DICHLOROETHANE; CESIUM; TETRABENZO-24-CROWN-8 AB Isomerically pure 4,5',4",5"'-tetra-tert-butyltetrabenzo-24-crown-8 was synthesized by a route that eliminates any need for isomer separation. Its structure was determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Since the observed saddle-shaped conformation of the crown ether is the same as previously reported for the closely related tetrabenzo-24-crown-8, the presence of the peripheral tert-butyl groups has no apparent effect on ring structure. This structure experiences few intermolecular interactions beyond London forces, suggesting it represents a low energy conformation. Liquid-liquid distribution behavior of CsNO3 and CsClO4 between water and 1,2-dichloro-ethane (1,2-DCE) containing 4,5',4",5"'-tetra-tert-butyltetrabenzo)-24-crown-8 was investigated. Equilibrium constants corresponding to the extraction of ion pairs and dissociated ions, formation of the caesium complex, and dissociation of the ion pairs in water-saturated 1,2-DCE at 25 degreesC were obtained from equilibrium modeling using the SXLSQI program. 4,5',4",5"'-Tetra-tert-butyltetrabenzo-24-crown-8 exhibits stronger caesium binding and a similarly low tendency towards ion-pairing, in comparison with the previously characterized isomeric 4,4'- and 4,5'-di-tert-octyltetrabenzo-24-crown-8 ethers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Moyer, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, MS-6110 4500S, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1472-779X J9 J CHEM SOC PERK T 2 JI J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 2 PY 2001 IS 5 BP 808 EP 814 DI 10.1039/b008603g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 428NZ UT WOS:000168468900024 ER PT J AU Chen, CH Vaughey, JT Jansen, AN Dees, DW Kahaian, AJ Goacher, T Thackeray, MM AF Chen, CH Vaughey, JT Jansen, AN Dees, DW Kahaian, AJ Goacher, T Thackeray, MM TI Studies of Mg-substituted Li4-xMgxTi5O12 spinel electrodes (0 <= x <= 1) for lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INSERTION; OXIDES; CELLS AB Magnesium-substituted Li4-xMgxTi5O12 spinel electrodes (0 < x 1) have been investigated as insertion electrodes for lithium batteries. The substitution of divalent Mg ions for monovalent Li ions in the structure necessitates that thr difference in charge must be compensated by a reduction of an equivalent number of Ti cations from Ti4+ to Ti3+. The substitution increases the conductivity of the [Ti5/3Li1/3]O-4 spinel framework by many orders of magnitude, from sigma < 10(-13) S cm(-1) for insulating Li4Ti5O12 (x = 0), in which all the titanium ions are tetravalent, to = 10(-13) S cm(-1) for Li3MgTi5O12 (x = 1.0), in which the average titanium oxidation state is 3.8. The improved conductivity decreases the area specific impedance of Li/Li4-xMgxTi5O12 cells and increases the rate capability of electrodes for small x, typically x = 0.25. The rechargeable capacity of Li4-xMgxTi5O12 electrodes, particularly those with x close to 1 (130 mAh/g), is inferior to that of unsubstituted Li4Ti5O12 electrodes (s = 0, 150 mAh/g): the smaller capacity is attributed to the partial occupation of tetrahedral (8a) sites by Mg ions in the spinel structure. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(00)05-034-5. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, CH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Chen, Chunhua/F-5897-2010; Jansen, Andrew/Q-5912-2016 OI Jansen, Andrew/0000-0003-3244-7790 NR 10 TC 285 Z9 296 U1 12 U2 126 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 148 IS 1 BP A102 EP A104 DI 10.1149/1.1344523 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 387NX UT WOS:000166129600015 ER PT J AU Ren, XM Gottesfeld, S AF Ren, XM Gottesfeld, S TI Electro-osmotic drag of water in poly(perfluorosulfonic acid) membranes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FUEL-CELLS; PERFLUOROSULFONATE IONOMERS; NAFION-117 MEMBRANES; POLYMER; TRANSPORT; METHANOL; DESIGN; MODEL AB Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) using poly(perfluorosulfonic acid) membranes were used to determine the water electro-osmotic drag coefficients in these ionomeric membranes. In a DMFC fed with 1.0 M aqueous methanol at the anode and dry O-2 at the cathode, the ionomeric membrane can be fully equilibrated on both sides with liquid water at a sufficiently high current density. In this special situation, the water flux across the membrane from anode to cathode is driven by protonic drag exclusively From measurements performed on Nafion(R), C(R), and Dow(R) membranes, water drag coefficients of all membranes increase with temperature. Compared with a fully hydrated membrane, a dried membrane (105 degreesC in vacuum) known to have a lower water content has a lower water drag coefficient. For a series of Nafion membranes (including C membrane), a membrane with a higher equivalent weight has a lower water drag coefficient. The water drag coefficient of a Dow membrane is unusually low compared to that of a Nafion membrane of similar equivalent weight. These trends of water drag coefficients may correlate with the membrane structure and water content. Implications of these results on water management in polymer electrolyte fuel cells are discussed. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)11-013-9. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ren, XM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI ren, xiaoming/F-3953-2011 NR 27 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 20 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 148 IS 1 BP A87 EP A93 DI 10.1149/1.1344521 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 387NX UT WOS:000166129600013 ER PT J AU Springer, TE Rockward, T Zawodzinski, TA Gottesfeld, S AF Springer, TE Rockward, T Zawodzinski, TA Gottesfeld, S TI Model for polymer electrolyte fuel cell operation on reformate feed - Effects of CO, H-2 dilution, and high fuel utilization SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ROTATING-DISK ELECTRODE; PT-RU; ELECTROOXIDATION; HYDROGEN AB We describe a polymer electrolyte fuel cell model emphasizing operation on hydrocarbon reformate, i.e., the anode feed stream consists of dry H-2 concentrations as low as 40%, inlet CO levels of 10-100 ppm, and hydrogen fuel utilization as high as 90%. Refinements of interfacial kinetics equations used in our previous work on CO effects in H-2 anodes have yielded a better quantitative ft to the measured dependence of voltage loss on inlet CO level [in Electrode Materials and Processes for Energy Conversion and Storage, J. McBreen, S. Mukerjee, and S. Srinivasan, Editors, PV 97-13, pp. 15-24, The Electrochemical Society Proceedings Series, Pennington, NJ (1997)]. We calculate anode potential losses by coupling such interfacial kinetic processes to reactant diffusion limitations and ionic resistance in the catalyst layer, and by accounting for the drop in local hydrogen concentration along the flow channel due to significant fuel utilization. As a result of internal readjustment of cell overpotentials when hydrogen concentration drops along the flow channel, we show that loss of current, or power, under the realistic condition of constant cell voltage is smaller than loss of current at constant anode potential. We show that voltage losses associated with CO poisoning are significantly amplified with diluted hydrogen feed streams and particularly so under high fuel utilization. We make projections on improvements required, qualitative and quantitative, in the physical parameters of the anode catalyst surface chemistry to significantly improve "CO tolerance". (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(00)03-119-0. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Devices Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Springer, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Elect & Electrochem Mat & Devices Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 197 Z9 198 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 148 IS 1 BP A11 EP A23 DI 10.1149/1.1344516 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 387NX UT WOS:000166129600003 ER PT J AU Lillard, RS AF Lillard, RS TI Factors influencing the transition from metastable to stable pitting in single-crystal beryllium SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COOPERATIVE STOCHASTIC-BEHAVIOR; STAINLESS-STEEL; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC ORIENTATION; LOCALIZED CORROSION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; WORK FUNCTION; 0001 SURFACE; OXIDATION; GROWTH; REPASSIVATION AB The pitting potential (E(pit)) of single-crystal beryllium in 0.01 M sodium chloride decreased with crystallographic orientation in the order (0001) > (10 (1) over bar0) > (11 (2) over bar0). Orientations which were associated with the lowest E(pit), (10 (1) over bar0) and (11 (2) over bar0), were characterized by crystallographically oriented parallel plates of unattacked Be on the pit interior and square pit walls. While pit geometries in the (0001) surface appeared to be random, corrosion propagation was often in the [10 (1) over bar0] and [(1) over bar2 (1) over bar0] families of directions. Potentiostatic current/time data revealed that metastable pitting was characterized by two types of transients: (i) transients with a lifetime <1 s, similar in shape to the current/time data observed in the repassivation process, and (ii) transients whose lifetimes lasted 5-140 s and were associated with physical damage on the sample surface. The nucleation frequency of repassivation events was directly proportional to passive current density and inversely proportional to applied anodic potential. Although the frequency and magnitude of damage events increased with increasing applied anodic potential for any given orientation, the total accumulated damage was greatest for orientations with the highest E(pit). Prepassivation resulted in a decrease in the frequency of repassivation events but had only minimal effect on the frequency and magnitude of the damage events. The results are discussed in terms of physical bulk metal properties as well as critical pitting environments (i.e., ohmic and mass transport models). (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(00)03-066-4. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lillard, RS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM iillard@lanl.gov RI Street, Steven/A-5398-2015 OI Street, Steven/0000-0002-8999-3701 NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 148 IS 1 BP B1 EP B11 DI 10.1149/1.1344526 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 387NX UT WOS:000166129600018 ER PT J AU Lim, SW Mo, RT Pianetta, PA Chidsey, CED AF Lim, SW Mo, RT Pianetta, PA Chidsey, CED TI Effect of silicon surface termination on copper deposition in deionized water SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The prevention of metal contamination on silicon wafer surfaces is a stringent issue in the semiconductor fabrication industry, because metals induct device degradation. Particularly, it has been reported that Cu contaminants on silicon surfaces deteriorate the integrity of gate oxide formed on that surface. We have investigated the relationship between Cu deposition and silicon surface termination in order to suggest a way to suppress Cu contamination during the wafer cleaning process. The effect of the microroughness and kink sire density of silicon (111) and (100) surfaces on Cu deposition has been elucidated, using as a model system hydrogen-terminated samples exposed to deionized water with a known amount of dissolved Cu2+ to simulate a contaminated rinse bath. Under identical contamination conditions, the hydrogen-terminated Si(111) surface [H-Si(111)] with its flat monohydride terraces has an order-of-magnitude lower Cu coverage than the microscopically rough, hydrogen-terminated Si(100) surface [H-x- Si(100)]. Si(111) wafers that were misoriented between 1 and 8 degrees from the (Ill)plane toward the (110) plane were used to investigate the effect of step density on Cu deposition. The results showed the change in Cu coverage as a function of step density on H-Si(lll) surfaces was negligible compared to that shown between H-Si(111) and H-x-Si(100) surfaces. Ws suggest that the difference in the densities of dihydride (Si-H-2) sites on the H-Si(111) and H-x-Si(100) surfaces is the cause of the difference in Cu coverage. The dihydride densities of misoriented H-Si(111) surfaces are expected to be very low compared with those on H-x-Si(100). Hydrogen and methoxy-terminated surfaces were also compared to understand the effect of alternative terminations on Cu nucleation. The methoxy-terminated Si(100) surface had lower Cu coverage than H-x-Si(100). Deactivation of dihydride sites on the methoxy-terminated surface may be the reason for its better resistance to Cu contaminants. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651 (00)06-004-3 All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Lim, SW (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Lim, Sangwoo/G-7977-2012 NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 148 IS 1 BP C16 EP C20 DI 10.1149/1.1344534 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 387NX UT WOS:000166129600028 ER PT J AU Chen, QY Gruen, DM Krauss, AR Corrigan, TD Witek, M Swain, GM AF Chen, QY Gruen, DM Krauss, AR Corrigan, TD Witek, M Swain, GM TI The structure and electrochemical behavior of nitrogen-containing nanocrystalline diamond films deposited from CH4/N-2/Ar mixtures SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GLASSY-CARBON ELECTRODES; TRANSFER KINETICS; THIN-FILMS; MICROWAVE PLASMAS; METHYL VIOLOGEN; GROWTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEPENDENCE; NUCLEATION; ADDITIONS AB Electrically conductive nanocrystalline diamond films (approximately 750 to 1000 nm thick) were deposited on conducting Si and W substrates from CH4/N-2/Ar gas mixtures using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Such films are continuous over the surface and nanometer smooth. The grain size is 3 to 10 nm, and the grain boundaries are 0.2 to 0.5 nm wide (two carbon atoms). Nitrogen appears to substitutionally insert into the grain boundaries and the film concentration (similar to 10(20) atom/cm(3)) scales with the N-2 added to the source gas mixture up to about the 5% level. The nitrogen-incorporated films are void of pinholes and cracks, and electrically conducting due in part to the high concentration of nitrogen impurities and or the nitrogen-related defects (sp(2) bonding). The films possess semimetallic electronic properties over a potential range from at least -1.5 to 1.0 V vs. SCE. The electrodes, like boron-doped microcrystalline diamond, exhibit a wide working potential window, a low background current, and high degree of electrochemical activity for redox systems such as Fe(CN)(-3/-4)(6), Ru(NH3)(+3/-2)(6), IrCl6-2/-3, and methyl viologen (MV+2/+). More sluggish electrode kinetics are observed for 4-methylcatechol, presumably due to weak adsorption on the surface. Apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants of 10(-2) to 10(-1) cm/s are observed for Fe(CN)(-3/-4)(6), Ru(NH3)(+3/+2) IrCl6-2/-3, and MV+2/+ at films without any pretreatment. (C) 2000 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(00)06-00 1-8. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Chen, QY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Swain, Greg/B-3023-2010 OI Swain, Greg/0000-0001-6498-8351 NR 54 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 148 IS 1 BP E44 EP E51 DI 10.1149/1.1344550 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 387NX UT WOS:000166129600044 ER PT J AU Johnson, BR Kriven, WM Schneider, J AF Johnson, BR Kriven, WM Schneider, J TI Crystal structure development during devitrification of quenched mullite SO JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Mullite 2000 CY AUG 28-30, 2000 CL OBAN, SCOTLAND DE crystallization; kinetics; microstructure; mullite; Rietveld ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; METASTABLE IMMISCIBILITY REGION; DIPHASIC ALUMINOSILICATE GELS; SINGLE-PHASE GEL; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; AL2O3-SIO2 SYSTEM; SPINEL PHASE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SIO2-AL2O3 XEROGELS; GLASS-FIBERS AB The kinetics, microstructural changes, and crystal structure development for crystallization of amorphous, quenched, mullite composition glass (3Al(2)O(3)(.)2SiO(2)) were studied between 900 and 1400 degreesC. The phenomena observed were characterized using nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD, with both a standard laboratory diffractometer, as well as with synchrotron radiation), and Rietveld analysis. Crystallization of amorphous mullite was observed to occur in two steps. The activation energy for crystallization was 892 kJ/mol for the first step and 1333 kJ/mol for the second step. From the amorphous state, the first phase(s) to crystallize were alumina-rich, pseudo tetragonal mullite (similar to 70 mol% Al2O3). These crystals were highly strained and contained numerous nanometer scale inclusions. With increasing temperature, the crystals were observed to incorporate increasing amounts of SiO2, and approach the equilibrium orthorhombic structure. By 1400 degreesC the pseudotetragonal to orthorhombic transition was complete, the strain was eliminated, most of the inclusions had been assimilated. there was similar to 67% reduction in grain size, and the crystals had attained the composition of the initial, bulk glass (similar to 60 mol% Al2O3) (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Munich, Inst Kristallog & Mineral, D-8000 Munich, Germany. RP Johnson, BR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K6-24, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 65 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0955-2219 EI 1873-619X J9 J EUR CERAM SOC JI J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. PY 2001 VL 21 IS 14 BP 2541 EP 2562 DI 10.1016/S0955-2219(01)00268-0 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 472RD UT WOS:000170998000013 ER PT J AU Lin, SY Fleming, JG Lin, R Sigalas, MM Biswas, R Ho, KM AF Lin, SY Fleming, JG Lin, R Sigalas, MM Biswas, R Ho, KM TI Complete three-dimensional photonic bandgap in a simple cubic structure SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALS; GAP; LATTICE AB The creation of a three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystal with simple cubic (sc) symmetry is important for applications in the signal routing and 3D waveguiding of light. With a simple stacking scheme and advanced silicon processing, a 3D sc structure was constructed from a 6-in. silicon wafer. The sc structure is experimentally shown to have a complete 3D photonic bandgap in the infrared wavelength. The finite size effect is also observed, accounting for a larger absolute photonic bandgap. (C) 2001 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lin, SY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 18 IS 1 BP 32 EP 35 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.18.000032 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA 390YF UT WOS:000166326800005 ER PT J AU Gelman, A Park, DK Ansolabehere, S Price, PN Minnite, LC AF Gelman, A Park, DK Ansolabehere, S Price, PN Minnite, LC TI Models, assumptions and model checking in ecological regressions SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES A-STATISTICS IN SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Analysis and Interpretation of Disease Clusters and Ecological Studies CY DEC 16-17, 1999 CL ROYAL STAT SOC, LONDON, ENGLAND SP Dept Epidemiol & Public Hlth, Small Area Hlth Stat Unit, Imperial Coll Sch Med HO ROYAL STAT SOC DE ecological regression; epidemiology; radon; voter turn-out AB Ecological regression is based on assumptions that are untestable from aggregate data. However, these assumptions seem more questionable in some applications than in others. There has been some research on implicit models of individual data underlying aggregate ecological regression modelling. We discuss ways in which these implicit models can be checked from aggregate data. We also explore the differences in applications of ecological regressions in two examples: estimating the effect of radon on lung cancer in the United States and estimating voting patterns for different ethnic groups in New York City. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Stat, New York, NY 10027 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ Barnard Coll, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Gelman, A (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Stat, 2990 Broadway, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 27 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-1998 J9 J ROY STAT SOC A STA JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A-Stat. Soc. PY 2001 VL 164 BP 101 EP 118 DI 10.1111/1467-985X.00190 PN 1 PG 18 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA 408UC UT WOS:000167345200012 ER PT J AU Wynn, HP Brown, PJ Anderson, C Rougier, JC Diggle, PJ Goldstein, M Kendall, WS Craig, P Beven, K Campbell, K McKay, MD Challenor, P Cooke, RM Higgins, NA Jones, JA Kleijnen, JPC Notz, W Santner, T Williams, B Lehman, J Saltelli, A Shephard, N Tjelmeland, H Kennedy, MC O'Hagan, A AF Wynn, HP Brown, PJ Anderson, C Rougier, JC Diggle, PJ Goldstein, M Kendall, WS Craig, P Beven, K Campbell, K McKay, MD Challenor, P Cooke, RM Higgins, NA Jones, JA Kleijnen, JPC Notz, W Santner, T Williams, B Lehman, J Saltelli, A Shephard, N Tjelmeland, H Kennedy, MC O'Hagan, A TI Bayesian calibration of computer models - Discussion SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES B-STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXPOSURE C1 Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, Kent, England. Univ Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Durham, Durham DH1 3HP, England. Univ Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. Delft Univ Technol, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands. Natl Radiol Protect Board, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. Tilburg Univ, NL-5000 LE Tilburg, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Commiss European Communities, Ispra, Italy. Univ Oxford Nuffield Coll, Oxford OX1 1NF, England. Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway. RP Wynn, HP (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RI Diggle, Peter/A-3025-2009; Beven, Keith/F-8707-2011; O'Hagan, Anthony/B-2992-2016; Challenor, Peter/M-2579-2016 OI O'Hagan, Anthony/0000-0002-7994-0702; Challenor, Peter/0000-0001-8661-2718 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-7412 J9 J ROY STAT SOC B JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B-Stat. Methodol. PY 2001 VL 63 BP 450 EP 464 PN 3 PG 15 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 461FH UT WOS:000170353900002 ER PT J AU Grgur, BN Markovic, NM Lucas, CA Ross, PN AF Grgur, BN Markovic, NM Lucas, CA Ross, PN TI Electrochemical oxidation of carbon monoxide: from platinum single crystals to low temperature fuel cells catalysts. Part I: Carbon monoxide oxidation onto low index platinum single crystals SO JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE platinum single crystals; carbon monoxide; electrooxidation; hydrogen; mechanism ID ROTATING-DISK ELECTRODE; CO ELECTROOXIDATION; CO/H-2 MIXTURES; PT-RU; ADSORPTION; SURFACES; HYDROGEN; H-2 AB The electrochemical oxidation of carbon monoxide and the interfacial structure of the CO adlayer (COads) on platinum low index single crystals, Pt(111), Pt(100) and two reconstruction of Pt(110), were examined using the rotation disk electrode method in combination with the in situ surface X-ray diffraction scattering technique. The mechanism of CO oxidation is discussed on the basis of the findings that, depending on the potential, two energetic states of COads exist on the platinum surfaces. Thus, at lower potentials, weakly bonded states (COads,w) and at higher potentials strongly bonded states (COads,s) are formed. The mechanism of the oxidation of hydrogen-carbon monoxide mixtures is also proposed. C1 Univ Belgrade, Fac Technol & Met, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. RP Grgur, BN (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Technol & Met, Karnegijeva 4, YU-11001 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. OI Grgur, Branimir/0000-0003-4684-9053; Lucas, Christopher/0000-0001-5743-3868 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOC PI BELGRADE PA KARNEGIJEVA 4, PO BOX 462, YU-11001 BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA SN 0352-5139 J9 J SERB CHEM SOC JI J. Serb. Chem. Soc. PY 2001 VL 66 IS 11-12 BP 785 EP 797 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 504CQ UT WOS:000172840000005 ER PT J AU Brankovic, SR Wang, JX Adzic, RR AF Brankovic, SR Wang, JX Adzic, RR TI New methods of controlled monolayer-to-multilayer deposition of Pt for designing electrocatalysts at an atomic level SO JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE electrocatalysis; H-2 electrooxidation; Pt; Ru; catalytic poisons ID ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; CO ADSORPTION; ELECTRODE; RUTHENIUM; ELECTROOXIDATION; OXIDATION; CLUSTERS; SURFACE; RU AB Two new methods for monolayer-to-multileyer Pt deposition are presented. One involves Pt deposition by the replacement of an UPD metal monolayer on an electrode surface and the other the spontaneous deposition of Pt on Ru. The first method, exemplified by the replacement of a Cu monolayer on a Au(111) surface, occurs as a spontaneous irreversible redox reaction in which the Cu monolayer is oxidized by Pt cations, which are reduced and simultaneously deposited. The second method is illustrated by the deposition of Pt on a Ru(0001) surface and on carbon-supported Ru nanoparticles. This deposition takes place upon immersion of a UHV-prepared Ru(0001) crystal or Ru nanoparticles, reduced in H-2, in a solution containing PtCl62- ions. The oxidation of Ru to RuOH by a local cell mechanism appears to be coupled with Pt deposition. This method facilitates the design of active Pt-Ru catalysts with ultimately low Pt loadings. Only a quarter of a monolayer of Pt on Ru nanoparticles yields an electrocatalyst with higher activity and CO tolerance for H-2/CO oxidation than commercial Pt-Ru alloy electrocatalysts with considerably higher Pt loadings. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brankovic, SR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Wang, Jia/B-6346-2011 NR 36 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 21 PU SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOC PI BELGRADE PA KARNEGIJEVA 4, PO BOX 462, YU-11001 BELGRADE, YUGOSLAVIA SN 0352-5139 J9 J SERB CHEM SOC JI J. Serb. Chem. Soc. PY 2001 VL 66 IS 11-12 BP 887 EP 898 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 504CQ UT WOS:000172840000014 ER PT J AU Hu, W Wunderlich, B AF Hu, W Wunderlich, B TI Data analysis without fourier transformation for sawtooth-type temperature-modulated DSC SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article DE imbalance in heat capacities; reversing and non-reversing heat capacities; sawtooth modulation; standard DSC; TMDSC ID DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; GLASS-TRANSITION REGION; HEAT-CAPACITY; MODEL-CALCULATIONS; POLYMER CRYSTALS; CRYSTALLIZATION; TMDSC; FLOW; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE); POLYSTYRENE AB The response of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to sawtooth-type temperature modulation has been analyzed in the time domain using a standard treatment of the DSC data without Fourier transformation into the frequency domain. This method has some of the advantages of a temperature-modulated DSC (TMDSC) and may achieve a reasonable accuracy with more transparent and less time-consuming data analysis than the current TMDSC. The limits of linearity and stationarity of the thermal response, a prerequisite for the validity of the calculation of the reversing heat capacity by Fourier transformation, can be easily recognized in standard DSC. In contrast to the common handling of TMDSC, where the non-reversing contributions are calculated as difference between the total and reversing parts, we define a new, directly measured quantity, called the imbalance in heat capacity. It represents the difference between heating and cooling due to the non-reversing thermal process. This quantity is also of value for the representation of irreversible contributions in quasi-isothermal processes, such as cold crystallization and the annealing of crystallites in the melting range. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hu, W (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 49 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1418-2874 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. PY 2001 VL 66 IS 3 BP 677 EP 697 DI 10.1023/A:1013106118660 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 515WC UT WOS:000173518800001 ER PT J AU Thrall, KD Poet, TS Corley, RA AF Thrall, KD Poet, TS Corley, RA TI An innovative method to determine percutaneous absorption: Real-time breath analysis and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (Reprinted from Percutaneous Adsorption, pg 929-938, 1999) SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CUTANEOUS AND OCULAR TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Reprint ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DERMAL ABSORPTION; CHLOROFORM; CHAMBER C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thrall, KD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3829 J9 J TOXICOL-CUTAN OCUL JI J. Toxicol.-Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. PY 2001 VL 20 IS 4 BP 513 EP 521 PG 9 WC Ophthalmology; Toxicology SC Ophthalmology; Toxicology GA 505NF UT WOS:000172918300008 ER PT J AU Thomas, J Cowley, P Kuchar, O Nowell, L Thomson, J Wong, PC AF Thomas, J Cowley, P Kuchar, O Nowell, L Thomson, J Wong, PC TI Discovering knowledge through visual analysis SO JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Knowledge Management (I-KNOW 01) CY JAN 01, 2001 CL GRAZ, AUSTRIA SP Austria Fed Minist Transport, Innovat & Technol, Univ Graz Technol DE information visualization; knowledge management; digital content and media; digital libraries; visual paradigms; higher-order interaction; human-computer interaction ID VISUALIZATION AB This paper describes our vision for the near future in digital content analysis as it relates to the creation, verification, and presentation of knowledge. We focus on how visualization enables humans to make discoveries and gain knowledge. Visualization, in this context, is not just the picture representing the data but also a two-way interaction between humans and their information resources for the purposes of knowledge discovery, verification, and the sharing of knowledge with others. We present visual interaction and analysis examples to demonstrate how one current visualization tool analyzes large, diverse collections of text. This is followed by lessons learned and the presentation of a core concept for a new human information discourse. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thomas, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA J9 J UNIVERS COMPUT SCI JI J. Univers. Comput. Sci. PY 2001 VL 7 IS 6 BP 517 EP 529 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 519LB UT WOS:000173726800007 ER PT J AU Woodworth, JR Riley, ME Arnatucci, VA Hamilton, TW Aragon, BP AF Woodworth, JR Riley, ME Arnatucci, VA Hamilton, TW Aragon, BP TI Absolute intensities of the vacuum ultraviolet spectra in oxide etch plasma processing discharges SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; CHARGING DAMAGE; GATE OXIDES; VUV PHOTONS; X-RAY; SIO2; MECHANISM; ENERGY; ION; BOMBARDMENT AB In this article, we report the absolute intensities of ultraviolet light between 4.9 and 24 eV (250 to 50 nm) striking a silicon wafer in a number of oxide etch processing discharges. Our emphasis is on photons with energies greater than 8.8 eV,which have enough energy to damage SiO2. These discharges were in an inductively driven Gaseous Electronics Conference (GEC) reference cell which had been modified to more closely resemble commercial etching tools. Comparisons of measurements made through a side port in the cell and through a hole in the wafer indicate that the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light in these discharges is strongly trapped. For the pure halocarbon gases examined in these experiments (C2F6. CHF3, C4F8), the fluxes of VUV photons to the wafer varied from 1 to 3x10(15) photons/cm(2)s or equivalently from 1.5 to 5 mW/cm(2). These measurements imply that 0.1%-0.3% of the rf source power to these discharges ends up hitting the wafer as VUV photons for our typical 20 mT, 200 W rf discharges. For typical "ashing" discharges containing pure oxygen, the VUV intensities are slightly higher-about 8 mW/cm(2). As argon or hydrogen diluents are added to the fluorocarbon gases, the VUV intensities increase dramatically, with a 10/10/10 mixture of Ar/C2F6/H-2 yielding VUV fluxes on the wafer 26 mW/cm(2) and pure argon discharges yielding 52 mW/cm(2). Adding a rf bias to the wafer had only a small effect on the VUV observed through a side port of the GEC cell. (C) 2001 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.1335685]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Woodworth, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 42 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 19 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1116/1.1335685 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 394BY UT WOS:000166505200008 ER PT J AU Gibbons, BJ Fan, Y Findikoglu, AT Jia, QX Reagor, DW AF Gibbons, BJ Fan, Y Findikoglu, AT Jia, QX Reagor, DW TI Effects of ozone assisted deposition on the dielectric properties of 90 degrees off-axis radio frequency magnetron sputtered SrTiO3 SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; CAPACITORS; TUNABILITY; GROWTH AB The low and high frequency dielectric properties of epitaxial SrTiO3 (STO) thin films deposited on LaAlO3 are presented. The effects of in situ ozone annealing during the early stages of deposition were explored. X-ray diffraction results indicated that the ozone treatment resulted in more symmetric and sharper diffraction peaks. In addition, the peaks for the ozone treated samples were shifted in 2 theta towards values approaching the bulk. The dielectric constant of the ozone treated samples increased from 275 at room temperature to 1175 at 22 K (measured at 100 kHz). The effective loss tangent of the device remained between 1 x 10(-4) and 1 x 10(-3) down to 100 K, where it began to increase. These properties were far superior to those films deposited without ozone. For high frequency measurements, coplanar waveguide structures with a centerline width of 20 and 40 mum wide gaps were patterned into YBa2Cu3O7 films deposited on top of the 0.5 mum thick STO. For the ozone treated films, Q values of up to 70% greater were achieved at 4 GHz and 75 K with little effect on the frequency modulation (compared to films deposited without ozone). (C) 2001 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.1331293]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Gibbons, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 19 IS 1 BP 56 EP 61 DI 10.1116/1.1331293 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 394BY UT WOS:000166505200009 ER PT J AU Zhang, T Song, JH Li, GQ Chu, PK Brown, IG AF Zhang, T Song, JH Li, GQ Chu, PK Brown, IG TI Enhancement of tribological properties of 9Cr18 stainless steel by dual Mo and SCo implantation SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID ION-IMPLANTATION; FILMS; METAL AB Mo and S ions were simultaneously implanted into 9Cr18 stainless steel samples. The frictional properties of the implanted samples were assessed using a pin-on-disk tester and the elemental depth profiles were measured by Auger electron spectroscopy. The hardness of the samples was also measured. We find that this dual-element implantation process reduces the coefficient of friction by a factor of 2 and increases the low-friction lifetime by a factor of 4 compared to the 9Cr18 surface with Mo or S implantation alone. This enhancement is related to the synergistic coexistence of the implanted elements at the same place. We have also investigated the process using computer simulation. The simulation results help disclose the characteristics of the modified layer and explain the effects of dual-element ion implantation. (C) 2001 American Vacuum Society. C1 Beijing Normal Univ, Key Lab Radiat Beam Technol & Mat Modificat, Beijing Radiat Ctr, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhang, T (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Key Lab Radiat Beam Technol & Mat Modificat, Beijing Radiat Ctr, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. RI Chu, Paul/B-5923-2013 OI Chu, Paul/0000-0002-5581-4883 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 19 IS 1 BP 295 EP 298 DI 10.1116/1.1333086 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 394BY UT WOS:000166505200045 ER PT J AU Kosarev, AI Andronov, AN Vinogradov, AJ Felter, TE Titkov, AN Makarenko, IV Vaqar, MZ Robozerov, SV Shutov, MV AF Kosarev, AI Andronov, AN Vinogradov, AJ Felter, TE Titkov, AN Makarenko, IV Vaqar, MZ Robozerov, SV Shutov, MV TI Effect of back contact on field emission from carbon films deposited by very high frequency chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th IVMC Conference CY JUL 06-09, 1999 CL DARMSTADT, GERMANY SP IVMC AB The effect of material and surface morphology of the back contact on field emission has been studied in carbon films deposited by very high frequency chemical vapor deposition at low temperature. The emission current was measured as a function of applied field for carbon films deposited simultaneously on various substrates coated with metals having different work functions (Ti, Cu, Ni, and Pt). Different metals demonstrated different types of microstructure and surface morphology. Therefore, the effect of back contact morphology was especially studied. The material of the back contact influenced the emission properties, but no direct correlation between emission and the work function of metal was observed. The field emission threshold was found to be affected by the roughness of the back contact: a Ti contact with 270 nm roughness showed emission threshold of E-th= 3 V/mum, while a contact made of the same material, but with roughness of similar to2.5 nm had E-th= 13 V/mum. (C) 2001 American Vacuum Society. C1 AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. State Tech Univ St Petersburg, St Petersburg 194251, Russia. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kosarev, AI (reprint author), AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Vinogradov, Andrey/D-1680-2014 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 19 IS 1 BP 39 EP 41 DI 10.1116/1.1340010 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 404YL UT WOS:000167130200008 ER PT J AU Duffey, TA Doebling, SW Farrar, CR Baker, WE Rhee, WH AF Duffey, TA Doebling, SW Farrar, CR Baker, WE Rhee, WH TI Vibration-based damage identification in structures exhibiting axial and torsional response SO JOURNAL OF VIBRATION AND ACOUSTICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB A method is derived to detect and localize linear damage in a structure using the measured modal vibration parameters, This method is applicable when the vibration strain energy is stored in the axial or torsional modes, which differentiates it from previously derived strain-energy-based methods. The new method is compared to the previously derived flexibility-change method for comparison. Both methods are verified by application to an analytical eight degree of freedom model. Experimental validation for both methods is also presented by application to an experimental eight degree of freedom spring-mass structure. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duffey, TA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Engn Anal Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 1048-9002 J9 J VIB ACOUST JI J. Vib. Acoust.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2001 VL 123 IS 1 BP 84 EP 91 DI 10.1115/1.1320445 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 398ZZ UT WOS:000166787500012 ER PT J AU Van, PL Yim, KW Jin, DY Dapolito, G Kurimasa, A Jeang, KT AF Van, PL Yim, KW Jin, DY Dapolito, G Kurimasa, A Jeang, KT TI Genetic evidence of a role for ATM in functional interaction between human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax and p53 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Review ID CREB-BINDING-PROTEIN; HTLV-I TAX; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR TAX; PRIMARY HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN; CAMP-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; WILD-TYPE P53; DNA-DAMAGE; 21-BASE-PAIR REPEATS AB Recent evidence from several investigators suggest that the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax oncoprotein represses the transcriptional activity of the tumor suppressor protein, p53. An examination of published findings reveals serious controversy as to the mechanism(s) utilized by Tax to inhibit p53 activity and whether the same mechanism is used by Tax in adherent and suspension cells. Here, we have investigated Tax-p53 interaction simultaneously in adherent epithelial (HeLa and Saos) and suspension T-lymphocyte (Jurkat) cells. Our results indicate that Tax activity through the CREB/CREB-binding protein (CBP), but not NF-kappaB, pathway is needed to repress the transcriptional activity of p53 in all tested cell lines. However, we did find that while CBP binding by Tax is necessary, it is not sufficient for inhibiting p53 function. Based on knockout cell studies, we correlated a strong genetic requirement for the ATM, but not protein kinase-dependent DNA, protein in conferring a Tax-p53-repressive phenotype. C1 NIAID, Mol Microbiol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jeang, KT (reprint author), NIAID, Mol Microbiol Lab, NIH, Bldg 4,Room 306,9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Jeang, Kuan-Teh/A-2424-2008 NR 103 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 75 IS 1 BP 396 EP 407 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.1.396-407.2001 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 383BR UT WOS:000165863000042 PM 11119608 ER PT J AU Bhaduri, B Minner, M Tatalovich, S Harbor, J AF Bhaduri, B Minner, M Tatalovich, S Harbor, J TI Long-term hydrologic impact of urbanization: A tale of two models SO JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; RUNOFF AB At a watershed scale, land-use change can increase runoff, flooding, and nonpoint source pollution and degrade downstream water bodies. Thus it is important to assess the potential hydrologic impacts of landuse change prior to watershed development. The L-THIA (Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment) model is a tool to initially assess how land-use change affects annual average runoff and is based only on readily available data. Because L-THIA is relatively new, it is important to test it against other, well-accepted methods. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's SWMM (Storm Water Management Model), a well-known and widely used model, was used to perform runoff calculations for comparison with L-THIA. Applications of L-THIA and SWMM to two small watersheds in Chicago show that L-THIA predicts annual average runoff between 1.1 and 23.7% higher than SWMM. The agreement between the results is higher for larger watersheds. Both models predict a linear relationship between average annual runoff and increasing imperviousness. However, for a 10% increase in imperviousness, SWMM predicts an increase between 9.8 and 10.2% in annual average runoff, whereas L-THIA predicts an increase between 6.1 and 7.8%. Overall, L-THIA was easier and quicker to use than SWMM, because SWMM required time-consuming input data collection and formatting. Results of this and other analyses suggest that L-THIA can be an appropriate tool for initial assessment of the relative impacts of land-use change scenarios. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. FMSM Engineers, Columbus, OH 43229 USA. RP Bhaduri, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6237, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bhaduribl@ornl.gov; jharbor@purdue.edu OI Harbor, Jonathan/0000-0001-5129-0229 NR 25 TC 50 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 42 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9496 J9 J WATER RES PL-ASCE JI J. Water Resour. Plan. Manage.-ASCE PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 127 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2001)127:1(13) PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 383FU UT WOS:000165873100004 ER PT J AU Rocha, LM AF Rocha, LM TI Adaptive recommendation and open-ended semiosis SO KYBERNETES LA English DT Article DE cybernetics; systems; information retrieval; knowledge management; fuzzy sets; artificial intelligence ID FUZZY-SETS AB A recommendation system for an extended process of information retrieval in distributed information systems is proposed, This system is both a model of dynamic cognitive categorization processes and powerful real application useful for knowledge management. It utilizes an extension of fuzzy sets named evidence sets as the mathematical mechanisms to implement the categorization processes. It is a development of some aspects of Pask's conversation theory. It is also an instance of the notion of linguistic-based selected self-organization here described, and as such it instantiates an open-ended semiosis between distributed information systems and the communities of users they interact with This means that fix knowledge stored in distributed information resources adapts to the evolving semantic expectations of their users as these select the information they desire in conversation with the information resources. This way, this recommendation system establishes a mechanism for user-driven knowledge self-organization. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Complex Syst Modeling Team, Comp Res & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Complex Syst Modeling Team, Comp Res & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. OI Rocha, Luis/0000-0001-9402-887X NR 56 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0368-492X EI 1758-7883 J9 KYBERNETES JI Kybernetes PY 2001 VL 30 IS 5-6 BP 821 EP 851 DI 10.1108/03684920110392093 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics SC Computer Science GA 466HG UT WOS:000170639700035 ER PT J AU Lindner, D AF Lindner, D TI The mu ChemLab (TM) project: micro total analysis system R&D at Sandia National Laboratories SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lindner, D (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2001 VL 1 IS 1 BP 15N EP 19N DI 10.1039/b106198b PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 616UM UT WOS:000179321800003 PM 15106585 ER PT B AU Thom, RM Borde, AB Richter, KO Hibler, LF AF Thom, RM Borde, AB Richter, KO Hibler, LF BE Wigmosta, MS Burges, SJ TI Influence of urbanization on ecological processes in wetlands SO LAND USE AND WATERSHEDS: HUMAN INFLUENCE ON HYDROLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY IN URBAN AND FOREST AREAS SE WATER SCIENCE AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID HYDROGEOMORPHIC CLASSIFICATION AB Wetlands provide a wide variety of ecological functions and services critical to the overall operation of many ecosystems. These functions include water quality improvement; the attenuation of floodwater, groundwater recharge, cycling nutrients and processing carbon at high rates, providing habitat for fish and wildlife, and increasing the overall biodiversity because of the connection to both land and water. The ability of wetlands to provide these functions is highly dependent on the movement and distribution of water. Over half of the wetlands globally have been destroyed over the past 150 years or so. Much of this degradation has been due to alteration of hydrologic processes through a variety of impacts including the reduction of hydrologic inputs, construction of hard surfaces, channelization, damming of outflows, and the introduction of contaminants and exotic species. Studies in the Puget Sound trough and in the Portland, Oregon region, have intensively investigated hydrological alterations and their effects on wetlands. In general, increases of impervious surfaces and rerouting of natural hydrology have affected plant and animal species composition and altered the processes of primary production, nutrient cycling, groundwater recharge rates, and sediment dynamics. The close coupling of wetland functions and plant-and animal populations to hydrology is illustrated in these case studies. Case studies summarized here have provided guidance for the management of wetland systems in these areas. C1 Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. RP Thom, RM (reprint author), Battelle Marine Sci Lab, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 0-87590-351-7 J9 WATER SCI APPL PY 2001 VL 2 BP 5 EP 16 PG 12 WC Forestry; Geography, Physical; Water Resources SC Forestry; Physical Geography; Water Resources GA BV90T UT WOS:000180359000002 ER PT B AU Wigmosta, MS Perkins, WA AF Wigmosta, MS Perkins, WA BE Wigmosta, MS Burges, SJ TI Simulating the effects of forest roads on watershed hydrology SO LAND USE AND WATERSHEDS: HUMAN INFLUENCE ON HYDROLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY IN URBAN AND FOREST AREAS SE WATER SCIENCE AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID PEAK FLOW RESPONSES; WESTERN CASCADES; LARGE BASINS; OREGON; MODEL; MACROPORES; IDAHO; STEEP AB The Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model (DHSVM) was enhanced to represent the interception and redirection of surface and subsurface flow by road cuts and stream channels. Two channel networks are imposed in vector form on the DHSVM grid: one representing roads, the other representing streams. Impacts of the road network on channel flows are modeled explicitly; road location and geometry,, along with soil moisture, determine the timing and volume of intercepted water, while road drainage characteristics and culvert placement determine the flow path and travel time to the channel system. The active road drainage/channel network may expand and contract as grid cell water tables rise and fall below their channel beds. The model was applied to a 10-km(2) experimental watershed to study the influence of road network design on streamflow characteristics. It was demonstrated that even where the road network produces minor changes in streamflow at the basin. outlet, subsurface flow interception by roads could alter significantly streamflow in tributary channels. The impact of the road network on channel flows was shown to vary during a storm based on the road design, storm characteristics, topography, local geology, and soil moisture conditions. The impact occurs earlier in a storm when the road network diverts flow into the drainage rather than out of it. When flows are redirected into a channel, the road contributing area quickly increases the current total contributing area for the channel, causing a proportional increase in discharge. If the road design allows some water to, pass under the road, there may be only minor impacts early in the storm with increasing impact as watertables rise and subsurface flow begins to be intercepted. When flows are redirected out of the natural drainage the impact is not felt until the channel contributing area extends upslope to the road system. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wigmosta, MS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 0-87590-351-7 J9 WATER SCI APPL PY 2001 VL 2 BP 127 EP 143 PG 17 WC Forestry; Geography, Physical; Water Resources SC Forestry; Physical Geography; Water Resources GA BV90T UT WOS:000180359000008 ER PT S AU Holswade, SC Dickey, FM AF Holswade, SC Dickey, FM BE Dickey, FM Holswade, SC Shealy, DL TI Laser beam shaping via conventional design software SO LASER BEAM SHAPING II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Laser Beam Shaping CY AUG 02-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA, Langley Res Ctr DE beam shaping; optimization; merit function; genetic algorithms ID WAVE-OPTICAL DESIGN; SYSTEMS; OPTIMIZATION; ALGORITHM AB Previous efforts have shown that optimization-based techniques, particularly genetic algorithms, can be used to effectively design beam shaping systems for several classes of problems. These techniques have used external programs to perform the optimization, which allow a great deal of optimization flexibility. However, the external program must be understood and tuned for beam shaping applications. For many problems, the flexibility of an external program is not required. This work shows that the internal optimization routines in a typical lens design program can perform effective optimization of several classes of beam shaping systems. In addition, previous beam shaping merit functions have used a large number of rays, typically 200, to perform the optimization. Several pieces of data must be recorded for each ray. This results in a fairly lengthy merit function evaluation by the lens design program. This work shows that by setting up certain problems using up-front geometrical considerations, reasonable optimizations can be obtained with as few as 20-40 rays being traced. Example problems are presented, including the merit functions used. Guidance is provided for the designer interested in picking appropriate parameters and optimization routines for some typical problems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Holswade, SC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4157-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4443 BP 36 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.446752 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT65C UT WOS:000173643500004 ER PT S AU Trott, WM Setchell, RE Castaneda, JN Berry, DM AF Trott, WM Setchell, RE Castaneda, JN Berry, DM BE Dickey, FM Holswade, SC Shealy, DL TI Evaluation of a diffractive, microlens-array beam shaper for use in acceleration of laser-driven flyers SO LASER BEAM SHAPING II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Laser Beam Shaping CY AUG 02-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, NASA, Langley Res Ctr DE beam-shaping optics; laser-driven flyers; Nd : Glass laser AB A promising new tool in shock wave physics is the generation of shock waves in test materials through the impact of small, laser-accelerated discs ("flyers"). In order to achieve the necessary one-dimensional condition of uniaxial strain in the shock-loaded material, it is vital that flyers maintain a nearly planar geometry during the acceleration and impact processes. The geometry of the flyer is significantly influenced by the spatial intensity profile of the driving laser beam. With the goal of achieving a nearly uniform drive intensity for this application. we have evaluated a diffractive. microlens-array beam shaper for use with a high-energy. Nd:Glass laser driver. Based on the near-field spatial profile of this multimode laser, a 30-mm-diameter array containing multiple hexagonal diffractive lenslets was designed and fabricated. In combination with a primary integrator lens of 76.2-mm focal length, this optical element was intended to produce a uniform intensity distribution over a 2-mm-diameter spot at the focal plane of the primary lens. Beam profiling studies were performed to determine the performance of this optical assembly. At the focal plane of the primary lens, the beam shaping optics generated a reasonably uniform profile over a large portion of the focused beam area. However, a small amount of undiffracted light resulted in a high-intensity, on-axis spike. A beam profile approaching the desired "top hat" geometry could be obtained by moving the flyer launch plane a few nun inside or outside of the focal plane. The planarity of flyers generated using this optical assembly was evaluated using a line-imaging, optically recording velocity interferometer system (ORVIS), Results of these measurements demonstrate the deleterious effect of the on-axis spike on flyer planarity. Acceptable conditions for useful flyer impact experiments can be obtained by operating at a position that provides a near-top-hat profile. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4157-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4443 BP 166 EP 177 DI 10.1117/12.446748 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT65C UT WOS:000173643500016 ER PT S AU Geohegan, DB Puretzky, AA Fan, XD Pennycook, SJ Guillorn, MA Simpson, ML Merkulov, VI Austin, DW Joy, DC AF Geohegan, DB Puretzky, AA Fan, XD Pennycook, SJ Guillorn, MA Simpson, ML Merkulov, VI Austin, DW Joy, DC BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI Time-resolved diagnostics and mechanisms of single-wall carbon nanotube synthesis by the laser vaporization technique SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE carbon nanotubes; laser plasmas; spectroscopy; in situ diagnostics; nanoparticles; hydrodynamics ID ABLATION PLUME; LARGE-SCALE; KRF-LASER; BACKGROUND GASES; DYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; PYROLYSIS; CHEMISTRY; EMISSION; GRAPHITE AB Single-wall carbon nanotubes are formed by Nd:YAG laser vaporization of a graphite/(1 at. % Ni, 1 at. % Co) target into flowing argon (500 Torr) within a quartz tube furnace (1000 degreesC). Here, this process is investigated for the first time with time-resolved laser-induced luminescence imaging and spectroscopy of Co atoms, C-2 and C-3 molecules, and clusters. These measurements under actual synthesis conditions show that the plume of vaporized material is segregated and confined within a vortex ring which maintains a similar to1 cm(3) volume for several seconds. Using time-resolved spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging, the time for conversion of atomic and molecular species to clusters was measured for both carbon (200 mus) and cobalt (2 ms). This rapid conversion of carbon to nanoparticles, combined with transmission electron microscopy analysis of the collected deposits, indicate that nanotube growth occurs during several seconds of time from a feedstock of mixed nanoparticles in the gas-suspended plume. By adjusting the time spent by the plume within the high-temperature zone using these in situ diagnostics, single-walled nanotubes of controlled length were grown at an estimated rate of 0.2 mum/s. Ex situ annealing of short, 100-200 nm-long SWNT seeds collected after limited growth inside the hot oven resulted in continued growth of longer SWNT bundles, supporting the condensed phase conversion mechanism for SWNT growth. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Geohegan, DB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011; Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457; Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4036-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4347 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1117/12.425010 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS53A UT WOS:000170232400001 ER PT S AU Papandrew, AB Stolz, CJ Wu, ZL Loomis, GE Falabella, S AF Papandrew, AB Stolz, CJ Wu, ZL Loomis, GE Falabella, S BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI Laser conditioning characterization and damage threshold prediction of hafnia/silica multilayer mirrors by photothermal microscopy SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL ID HIGH REFLECTION COATINGS; OPTICAL COATINGS; EVAPORATION; DEPOSITION; GEOMETRIES; HAFNIA AB Laser conditioning has been shown to improve the laser damage threshold of some optical coatings by greater than 2x. Debate continues within the damage community regarding laser-conditioning mechanisms, but it is clear that nodular ejection is one of the byproducts of the laser conditioning process. To better understand why laser conditioning is so effective, photothermal microscopy was used to measure absorption of coating defects before and after laser exposure. Although a modest absorption reduction was expected due to the lower electric field peaks within a pit and the absence of potentially absorbing nodular seeds, surprisingly, absorption reductions up to 150x were observed. Photothermal microscopy has also been successfully used to correlate laser-induced damage threshold and absorption of defects in hafnia/silica multilayer optical coatings. Defects with high absorption, as indicated by high photothermal signal, have low damage thresholds. Previously a linear correlation of damage threshold and defect photothermal signal was established with films designed and damage tested at 1 omega (1053 nm) and Brewster's angle (56.4 degrees), but characterized by photothermal microscopy at 514.5 nm and near-normal angle of incidence (10 degrees). In this study coatings designed, characterized by photothermal microscopy, and damage tested at the same wavelength, incident angle, and polarization did not have a correlation between defect photothermal signal and absorption. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stolz, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-487, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4036-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4347 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1117/12.425049 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS53A UT WOS:000170232400007 ER PT S AU Chow, R Taylor, JR Wu, ZL Boccara, CA Croulik, U Chen, Y Commandre, M DiJon, J Fleig, C Giesen, A Fan, ZX Kuo, PK Lalezari, R Moncur, K Obramski, HJ Pelle, C Reicher, D Ristau, D Roche, P Steiger, B Thomsen, M von Gunten, M Zhao, Q AF Chow, R Taylor, JR Wu, ZL Boccara, CA Croulik, U Chen, Y Commandre, M DiJon, J Fleig, C Giesen, A Fan, ZX Kuo, PK Lalezari, R Moncur, K Obramski, HJ Pelle, C Reicher, D Ristau, D Roche, P Steiger, B Thomsen, M von Gunten, M Zhao, Q BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI Absorptance measurements of optical coatings - A round robin SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE absorptance; optical coatings; argon ion lasers; near-IR lasers ID PHOTOTHERMAL DEFLECTION; FILMS AB An international round robin study was conducted on the absorption measurement of laser-quality coatings. Sets of optically coated samples were made by a "reactive DC magnetron" sputtering and an ion beam sputtering deposition process. The sample set included a high reflector at 514 nm and a high reflector for the near infrared (1030 to 1318 nm), single layers of silicon dioxide, tantalum pentoxide, and hafnium dioxide. For calibration purposes, a sample metalized with hafnium and an uncoated, superpolished fused silica substrate were also included. The set was sent to laboratory groups for absorptance measurement of these coatings. Whenever possible, each group was to measure a common, central area and another area specifically assigned to the respective group. Specific test protocols were also suggested in regards to the laser exposure time, power density, and surface preparation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chow, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Reicher, David/0000-0002-3512-1975 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4036-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4347 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.425027 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS53A UT WOS:000170232400008 ER PT S AU Demos, SG Kozlowski, MR Staggs, M Chase, LL Burnham, A Radousky, B AF Demos, SG Kozlowski, MR Staggs, M Chase, LL Burnham, A Radousky, B BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI Mechanisms to explain damage growth in optical materials SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE SiO2; KDP; DKDP; laser damage; optical breakdown ID LASER-INDUCED MODIFICATIONS; INDUCED BREAKDOWN; DIELECTRICS; THRESHOLD; SURFACES AB Damage growth in optical materials used in large aperture laser systems is an issue of great importance when determining component lifetime and therefore cost of operation. Understanding the mechanisms and photophysical processes associated with damage growth are important in order to devise mitigation techniques. In this work we examined plasma modified material and cracks for their correlation to damage growth on fused silica and DKDP samples. We employ an in-situ damage testing optical microscope that allows the acquisition of light scattering and fluorescence images of the area of interest prior to, and following exposure to a high fluence, 355-nm, 3-ns laser pulse. In addition, high-resolution images of the damage event are recorded using the associated plasma emission. Experimental results indicate that both aforementioned features can initiate plasma formation at fluences as low as 2 J/cm(2). The intensity of the recorded plasma emission remains low for fluences up to approximately 5 J/cm(2) but rapidly increases thereafter. Based on the experimental results, we propose as possible mechanisms leading to damage growth the initiation of avalanche ionization by defects at the damage modified material and presence of field intensification due to cracks. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Demos, SG (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-411, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4036-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4347 BP 277 EP 284 DI 10.1117/12.425051 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS53A UT WOS:000170232400033 ER PT S AU Feit, MD Hrubesh, LW Rubenchik, AM Wong, J AF Feit, MD Hrubesh, LW Rubenchik, AM Wong, J BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI Scaling relations for laser damage initiation craters SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE laser damage; scaling; crater formation ID GLASSES; SILICA AB General physical relations connect the expected size and depth of laser damage induced craters to absorbed laser energy and to the strength of the material. In general, for small absorbers and "instantaneous" energy release, one expects three regions of interest. First is an inner region in which material is subjected to high pressure and temperature, pulverized and ejected. The resultant crater morphology wilt appear melted. A second region, outside the first, exhibits material removal due to spallation, which occurs when a shock wave is reflected at the free surface. The crater surface in this region will appear fractured. Finally, there is an outermost region where stresses are strong enough to crack material, but not to eject it. These regions are described theoretically and compared to representative observed craters in fused silica. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Feit, MD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,Mail Stop L-477, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4036-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4347 BP 316 EP 323 DI 10.1117/12.425053 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS53A UT WOS:000170232400037 ER PT S AU Runkel, M Burnham, AK Milam, D Sell, W Feit, M Rubenchik, A AF Runkel, M Burnham, AK Milam, D Sell, W Feit, M Rubenchik, A BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI The results of pulse-scaling experiments on rapid-growth DKDP triplers using the Optical Sciences Laser at 351 nm SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE KDP; DKDP; bulk laser damage; pulse scaling; frequency conversion; obscuration AB Results are reported from recently performed bulk-damage, pulse-scaling experiments on DKDP tripler samples taken from NIF-size, rapid-growth boule BD7. The tests were performed on LLNL's Optical Sciences Laser. A matrix of samples was exposed to single shots at 351 nm (3 omega) with average fluences from 4 to 8 J/cm(2) for pulse durations of 1, 3 and 10 ns. The damage sites were scatter-mapped after testing to determine the damage evolution as a function of local beam fluence. The average bulk damage microcavity (pinpoint) density varied nearly linearly with fluence with peak values of approximately 16,000 pp/mm(3) at 1 ns, 10,000 pp/mm(3) at 3 ns and 400 pp/mm(3) at 10 ns for fluences in the 8-10 J/cm(2) range. The average size of a pinpoint was 10(+14,-9) mum at 1 ns, 37 +/- 20 mum at 3 ns and similar to 110 mum at 10 ns, although all pulse durations produced pinpoints with a wide distribution of sizes. Analysis of the pinpoint density data yielded pulse-scaling behavior of t(0.35). Significant planar cracking around the pinpoint as was observed for the 10 ns case but not for the 1 and 3 ns pulses. Crack formation around pinpoints has also been observed frequently for Zeus ADT tests at similar to8 ns. The high pinpoint densities also lead to significant eruption of near-surface bulk damage. Measurements of the damage site area for surface and bulk gave ratios (A(surf)/A(bulk)) of 2:1 at 1 ns, 7:1 at 3 ns and 110:1 at 10 ns. Maximum aperture averaged transmission losses on the order 15 percent have been measured by photometry for the worst damage at 1 and 3 ns for beam fluences in the 8-10 J/cm(2) range. Analysis of this data yielded a pulse-scaling behavior of t(0.25) for the obscured area. It was also determined that the crystals used in this test would survive unconditioned exposure to 4 J/cm(2) shots on the NIF laser and still meet the obscuration requirement of 0.1%. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Runkel, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4036-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4347 BP 359 EP 372 DI 10.1117/12.425024 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS53A UT WOS:000170232400041 ER PT S AU Burnham, AK Runkel, M Hawley-Fedder, RA Carman, ML Torres, RA Whitman, PK AF Burnham, AK Runkel, M Hawley-Fedder, RA Carman, ML Torres, RA Whitman, PK BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI Low-temperature growth of DKDP for improving laser-induced damage resistance at 350 nm SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE KDP; DKDP; frequency conversion crystals; laser damage ID SUPERSATURATION; CRYSTALS AB A set of twenty-three 20-L crystallizer runs exploring the importance of several engineering variables found that growth temperature is the most important variable controlling damage resistance of DKDP over the conditions investigated. Boules grown between 45 degreesC and room temperature have a 50% probability of 3 omega bulk damage that is 1.5 to 2 times higher than boules grown between 65 and 45 degreesC. This raises their damage resistance above the NIF tripler specification for 8 J/cm(2) operation by a comfortable margin. Solution impurity levels do not correlate with damage resistance for iron less than 200 ppb and aluminum less than 2000 ppb. The possibility that low growth temperatures could increase damage resistance in NIF-scale boules was tested by growing a large boule in a 1000-L crystallizer with a supplemental growth solution tank. four samples representing early and late pyramid and prism growth are very close to the specification as best it is understood at the present. Implications of low temperature growth for meeting absorbance, homogeneity, and other material specifications are discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Burnham, AK (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-487, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Whitman, Pamela/B-2336-2013 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4036-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4347 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1117/12.425068 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS53A UT WOS:000170232400042 ER PT S AU Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Runkel, M AF Feit, MD Rubenchik, AM Runkel, M BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI Analysis of bulk DKDP damage distribution, obscuration and pulse length dependence SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE laser damage; KDP; obscuration; pulselength scaling AB Recent LLNL experiments reported elsewhere at this conference explored the pulselength dependence of 351 nm bulk damage incidence in DKDP. The results found are consistent, in part, with a model in which a distribution of small bulk initiators is assumed to exist in the crystal and the damage threshold is determined by reaching a critical temperature. The observed pulse length dependence can be explained as being set by the most probable defect capable of causing damage at a given pulselength. Analysis of obscuration in side illuminated images of the damaged region yields estimates of the damage site distributions that are in reasonable agreement with the distributions experimentally directly estimated. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Feit, MD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,Mail Stop L-477, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 5 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4036-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4347 BP 383 EP 388 DI 10.1117/12.425052 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS53A UT WOS:000170232400043 ER PT S AU Runkel, M Maricle, S Torres, R Auerbach, J Floyd, R Hawley-Fedder, R Burnham, AK AF Runkel, M Maricle, S Torres, R Auerbach, J Floyd, R Hawley-Fedder, R Burnham, AK BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI The effect of thermal annealing and second harmonic generation on bulk damage performance of rapid-growth KDP type I doubters at 1064 nm SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE KDP; laser damage; thermal annealing; laser conditioning; damage probability; second harmonic generation AB This paper discusses the results of thermal annealing and in-situ second harmonic generation (SHG) damage tests performed on six rapid growth KDP type 1 doubter crystals at 1064 nm (1 omega) on the Zeus automated damage test facility. Unconditioned (S/1) and conditioned (R/1) damage probability tests were performed before and after thermal annealing, then with and without SHG on six doubter crystals from the NIF-size, rapid growth KDP boule F6. The tests revealed that unannealed, last-grown material from the boule in either prismatic or pyramidal sectors exhibited the highest damage curves. After thermal annealing at 160 degreesC for seven days, the prismatic sector samples increased in performance ranging from 1.6 to 2.4X, while material from the pyramidal sector increased only modestly, ranging from 1.0 to 1.3X. Second harmonic generation decreased the damage fluence by an average of 20 percent for the S/1 tests and 40 percent for R/1 tests. Conversion efficiencies under test conditions were measured to be 20 to 30 percent and compared quite well to predicted behavior, as modeled by LLNL frequency conversion computer codes. The damage probabilities at the 1 omega NIF redline fluence (scaled to 10 ns via t(0.5)) for S/1 tests for the unannealed samples ranged from 20 percent in one sample to 90-100 percent for the other 5 samples. Thermal annealing reduced the damage probabilities to less than 35 percent for 3 of the poor-performing crystals, while two pyramidal samples remained in the 80 to 90 percent range. Second harmonic generation in the annealed crystal increased the S/1 damage probabilities on all the crystals and ranged from 40 to 100 percent. In contrast, R/1 testing of an unannealed crystal resulted in a damage probability at the NIF redline fluence of 16%. Annealing increased the damage performance to the extent that all test sites survived NIF redline fluences without damage. Second harmonic generation in the R/1 test yielded a damage probability of less than 2 percent for the annealed crystal. These results indicate that a combination of thermal and laser conditioning would virtually eliminate bulk damage at the highest NIF fluences and indicate the need for laser conditioning of NIF SHG crystals. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Runkel, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-250, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4036-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4347 BP 389 EP 399 DI 10.1117/12.425026 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS53A UT WOS:000170232400044 ER PT S AU Staggs, M Yan, M Runkel, M AF Staggs, M Yan, M Runkel, M BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI Laser raster conditioning of KDP and DKDP crystals using XeCl and ND : YAG lasers SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE KDP; DKDP; laser damage; laser conditioning; s/1; n/1; r/1 ID GAP OPTICAL-MATERIALS; INDUCED BREAKDOWN; DAMAGE AB Laser conditioning by raster scanning KDP and DKDP crystals using Nd:YAG and XeCl excimer laser systems was demonstrated. The laser systems were evaluated to determine their respective feasibility of improving the damage thresholds of the harmonic materials for use on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Crystals were first evaluated using an Nd:YAG laser (355 nm, 7.6 ns) by scanning 2 x 2 cm(2) areas with sub-damage threshold fluences and then performing unconditioned (S/1) damage tests at 355-nm in the respectively scanned regions. Subsequently, five KDP and DKDP samples of various damage quality were raster scanned in a similar fashion at MicroLas GmbH (Goettingen, Germany) using a commercial Lambda Physik Excimer system (XeCl, lambda = 308 nm, 20 ns). The samples treated in Germany were then tested at Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) at 355 nm to demonstrate the excimer's potential as an alternative conditioning source. The excimer scan results suggest that crystals can be treated at high fluence (50 J/cm(2), 308-nm, 20-ns) levels without noticeable bulk damage. In addition, comparable conditioning is possible even with the fluence set at 30% of the 308-nm damage threshold. The laser damage tests with 355-nm on the majority of the excimer laser-treated crystals demonstrates the effect of conditioning, by raising the S/1 threshold or by reducing the low fluence tail of the 355-nm S/1 damage probability curves. Furthermore, the high average power and flat top beam profile of an excimer laser makes it possible to laser condition a 42-cm NIF-size crystal in one day, compared to 41 days for a commercial table-top Nd:YAG system. The test samples were to be particularly susceptible to surface damage during excimer raster conditioning, possibly due to high levels of dust and/or contaminants in the laboratory environment. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Staggs, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-411, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4036-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4347 BP 400 EP 407 DI 10.1117/12.425050 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS53A UT WOS:000170232400045 ER PT S AU Runkel, M Burnham, AK AF Runkel, M Burnham, AK BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI Differences in bulk damage probability distributions between tripler and z-cuts of KDP and DKDP at 355 nm SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE KDP; DKDP; laser damage; triple harmonic generation AB Over the course of testing a substantial number of KDP and DKDP crystals from rapid and conventional growth processes, we have discovered that there is a consistent difference in the value of the damage resistance between z-cut and tripler, x-cut and y-cut crystals for a given test fluence. This increase in damage probability for tripler, x and y-cut crystals is consistent for both conventional and rapid growth KDP as weal as DKDP. It also holds for unconditioned (S/1) and conditioned (R/1) tests and has values of 2.1 +/-0.6 and 1.5 +/-0.3 respectively. Testing has also revealed that there is no sensitivity to incident laser polarization. This is in direct contradiction to models based on simple, non-spherical absorbers. This result plus new information on the size and evolution of bulk damage density (see Runkel et al., this proceedings) has led to a reinterpretation of the growth parameter data for rapid growth NIF boules. it now appears that variations in impurity concentration throughout the boule do not affect the damage probability curve as dramatically as previously thought; although, this is still a topic of intensive investigation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Runkel, M (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4036-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4347 BP 408 EP 419 DI 10.1117/12.425025 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS53A UT WOS:000170232400046 ER PT S AU Fluck, R Wegner, P Sheehan, L Hackel, LA AF Fluck, R Wegner, P Sheehan, L Hackel, LA BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI Angle-resolved scatter measurements of laser damaged DKDP crystals using a bi-directional scatter diagnostics SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE optical scattering; photometry; DKDP AB We built a bi-directional scatter diagnostic to measure and quantify losses due to scattering and absorption in harmonic generation crystals (DKDP) for the National Ignition Facility. The diagnostic performs angle-resolved photometry at 351 nm, and is capable of both near-specular transmission and large angle scatter measurements. In the near-specular configuration, the transmission can be measured with variable acceptance angle ranging from +/-65 mu rad up to +/-60 mrad. A silicon photo detector and a scientific-grade CCD camera quantify total energy and energy distribution. A linear swing arm detection system enables large angle scatter measurements of 360 degrees, in principal, with step sizes as small as 0.01 degrees and variable collection angle ranging from 1 to 20 mrad. The design of this instrument and its application to the measurement of optical scatter from laser damage and final finishing process of DKDP are discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fluck, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-438, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4036-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4347 BP 423 EP 431 DI 10.1117/12.425048 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS53A UT WOS:000170232400048 ER PT S AU Exarhos, GJ Ferris, KF Windisch, CF Bozlee, BJ Risser, SM van Swam, SL AF Exarhos, GJ Ferris, KF Windisch, CF Bozlee, BJ Risser, SM van Swam, SL BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI An index-mismatch scattering approach to optical limiting SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE Christiansen filter; optical limiter; refractive index; scattering; Z-scan ID LOCAL ELECTRIC-FIELDS; CHRISTIANSEN FILTER; DIELECTRIC MEDIA; ENHANCEMENT; HOMOGENEITY AB A densely packed bed of alkaline earth fluoride particles percolated by a fluid medium has been investigated as a potential index-matched optical limiter in the spirit of a Christiansen-Shelyubskii filter. Marked optical limiting was observed through this transparent medium under conditions where the focused second-harmonic output of a Q-Switched Nd: YAG laser was on the order of about 1 J/cm(2). An open-aperture Z-scan technique was used to quantify the limiting behavior. In this case, the mechanism of optical limiting is thought to be a nonlinear shift in the fluid index of refraction, resulting in an index mismatch between the disparate phases at high laser fluence. This induced mismatch appears to be promoted by localized electric field enhancement present near the sharp edges at the crystallite/fluid boundaries. Index mismatch between the two phases leads to multiple reflections, loss of coherence, and a significant transmission decrease due to Mie scattering. The presence of many boundaries significantly amplifies the effect. The role of thermally induced changes in refractive index for this system appears to be relatively small in pulsed-laser experiments. However, cw-laser blocking was achieved by a thermal mechanism when an absorber (iodine) was dissolved in the liquid phase. Fundamental studies of such systems are used to verify theoretical predictions of the limiting effect, and aid in the design and development of improved limiters based upon this optical deflection approach. C1 Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Exarhos, GJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4036-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4347 BP 432 EP 443 DI 10.1117/12.425012 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS53A UT WOS:000170232400049 ER PT S AU Wong, J Haupt, D Kinney, JH Ferriera, J Hutcheon, I Demos, S Kozlowski, M AF Wong, J Haupt, D Kinney, JH Ferriera, J Hutcheon, I Demos, S Kozlowski, M BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI Nature of damage in fused silica induced by high-fluence 3-omega 355-nm laser pulses, a multiscale morphology microstructure, and defect chemistry study SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wong, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4036-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4347 BP 466 EP 467 DI 10.1117/12.425007 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS53A UT WOS:000170232400055 ER PT S AU Norton, MA Hrubesh, LW Wu, ZL Donohue, EE Feit, MD Kozlowski, MR Milam, D Neeb, KP Molander, WA Rubenchik, AM Sell, WD Wegner, P AF Norton, MA Hrubesh, LW Wu, ZL Donohue, EE Feit, MD Kozlowski, MR Milam, D Neeb, KP Molander, WA Rubenchik, AM Sell, WD Wegner, P BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI Growth of laser initiated damage in fused silica at 351 nm SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 32nd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Norton, MA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-487, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Feit, Michael/A-4480-2009 NR 0 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4036-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4347 BP 468 EP 468 DI 10.1117/12.425055 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS53A UT WOS:000170232400056 ER PT S AU Hrubesh, LW Norton, MA Molander, WA Wegner, PJ Staggs, M Demos, SG Britten, JA Summers, LJ Lindsey, EF Kozlowski, MR AF Hrubesh, LW Norton, MA Molander, WA Wegner, PJ Staggs, M Demos, SG Britten, JA Summers, LJ Lindsey, EF Kozlowski, MR BE Exarhos, GJ Guenther, AH Kozlowski, MR Lewis, KL Soileau, MJ TI Chemical etch effects on laser-induced surface damage growth in fused silica SO LASER-INDUCED DAMAGE IN OPTICAL MATERIALS: 2000, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Boulder Damage Symposium on Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers CY OCT 16-18, 2000 CL NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL DE laser damage; chemical etching; damage growth mitigation; fluorescence diagnostics ID GLASSES AB We investigated chemical etching as a possible means to mitigate the growth of UV laser-induced surface damage on fused silica. The intent of this work is to examine the growth behavior of existing damage sites that have been processed to remove the UV absorbing, thereto-chemically modified material within the affected area. The study involved chemical etching of laser-induced surface damage sites on fused silica substrates, characterizing the etched sites using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser fluorescence, and testing the growth behavior of the etched sites upon illumination with multiple pulses of 351nm laser light. The results show that damage sites that have been etched to depths greater than about 9 mum have about a 40% chance for zero growth with 1000 shots at fluences of 6.8-9.4 J/cm(2). For the etched sites that grow, the growth rates are consistent with those for non-etched sites. There is a weak dependence of the total fluorescence emission with the etch depth of a site, but the total fluorescence intensity from an etched site is not well correlated with the propensity of the site to grow. Deep wet etching shows some promise for mitigating damage growth in fused silica, but fluorescence does not seem to be a good indicator of successful mitigation. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hrubesh, LW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-496, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4036-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4347 BP 553 EP 559 DI 10.1117/12.425054 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BS53A UT WOS:000170232400067 ER PT S AU Smithpeter, CL Nellums, RO Lebien, SM Studor, G James, G AF Smithpeter, CL Nellums, RO Lebien, SM Studor, G James, G BE Kamerman, GW TI LADAR measurements of the International Space Station SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications VI CY APR 17-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE range imaging; LADAR; phase detection; video rate; miniature; space flight AB The International Space Station (ISS) is an extremely large and flexible structure that requires validated structural models for control and operation. We have developed a 5-lb, 150 in(3) laser radar to remotely measure vibration of the ISS structure and determine the structural mode frequencies and amplitudes. The Laser Dynamic Range Imager (LDRI) specifications include a 40-degree field of view, range resolution of 0.1 inches, images of 640x480 pixels, and a 7.5 Hz update rate. The sensor flew on the Space Shuttle in December of 2000 and provided range video of the newly installed P6 truss and solar array panels during thruster firing. Post flight analysis constructed motion time histories from selected structures. The measured vibration spectra captured the desired mode frequencies and amplitudes with a resolution of 0.02 to 0.1 inches. Additional measurements of curvature in the solar array panels demonstrated the potential for on-orbit characterization or inspection of structures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smithpeter, CL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4072-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4377 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1117/12.440123 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BT28Q UT WOS:000172534000007 ER PT S AU Love, SP Davis, AB Rohde, CA Ho, C AF Love, SP Davis, AB Rohde, CA Ho, C BE Kamerman, GW TI Wide-Angle Imaging Lidar (WAIL): A ground-based instrument for monitoring the thickness and density of optically thick clouds SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications VI CY APR 17-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE multiple scattering; photon diffusion; laser remote sensing; cloud remote sensing ID STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; MISSION-206; ABSORPTION; RADIATION; FILTER; BUDGET AB Traditional lidar provides little information on dense clouds beyond the range to their base (ceilometry), due to their extreme opacity. At most optical wavelengths, however, laser photons are not absorbed but merely scattered out of the beam, and thus eventually escape the cloud via multiple scattering, producing distinctive extended space- and time-dependent patterns which are, in essence, the cloud's radiative Green functions. These Green functions, essentially "movies" of the time evolution of the spatial distribution of escaping light, are the primary data products of a new type of lidar: Wide Angle Imaging Lidar (WAIL). WAIL data can be used to infer both optical depth and physical thickness of clouds, and hence the cloud liquid water content. The instrumental challenge is to accommodate a radiance field varying over many orders of magnitude and changing over widely varying time-scales. Our implementation uses a high-speed microchannel plate/crossed delay line imaging detector system with a 60-degree full-angle field of view, and a 532 nm doubled Nd:YAG laser. Nighttime field experiments testing various solutions to this problem show excellent agreement with diffusion theory, and retrievals yield plausible values for the optical and geometrical parameters of the observed cloud decks. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, NIS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Love, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, NIS 2, POB 1663,Mail Stop C323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Rohde, Charles/A-9614-2011 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4072-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4377 BP 206 EP 217 DI 10.1117/12.440109 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BT28Q UT WOS:000172534000021 ER PT S AU Davis, AB Marshak, A Cahalan, RF AF Davis, AB Marshak, A Cahalan, RF BE Kamerman, GW TI Green functions for multiple scattering as mathematical tools for dense-cloud remote sensing: Theory, with passive and active applications SO LASER RADAR TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications VI CY APR 17-19, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE Green functions; radiative transfer; multiple scattering; photon diffusion; optical tomography; laser remote sensing; cloud remote sensing ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; INDEPENDENT PIXEL; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; LIDAR; PARAMETERIZATION; STRATOCUMULUS; VEGETATION; LIGHT AB We survey radiative Green function theory (1) in linear transport theory where numerical procedures are required to obtain specific results and (2) in the photon diffusion limit (large optical depths) where it is analytically tractable, at least for homogeneous plane-parallel media. We then describe two recent applications of Green function theory to passive cloud remote sensing in the presence of strong three-dimensional transport effects. Finally, we describe recent instrumental breakthroughs in "off-beam" cloud lidar which is based on direct measurements of radiative Green functions with special attention to the data collected during the Shuttle-based Lidar In-space Technology Experiment (LITE) mission. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Davis, AB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS 2, POB 1663,Mailstop C-323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4072-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4377 BP 294 EP 306 DI 10.1117/12.440117 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BT28Q UT WOS:000172534000029 ER PT J AU Warnick, WL AF Warnick, WL TI PubSCIENCE: hyperlinking to the physical sciences SO LEARNED PUBLISHING LA English DT Article C1 US DOE, Off Sci & Tech Informat, Germantown, MD 20784 USA. RP Warnick, WL (reprint author), US DOE, Off Sci & Tech Informat, SC-33,19901 Germantown Rd, Germantown, MD 20784 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC LEARNED PROFESSIONAL SOC PUBL PI W SUSSEX PA SOUTH HOUSE, THE STREET WORTHING, W SUSSEX BN13 3UU, ENGLAND SN 0953-1513 J9 LEARN PUBL JI Learn. Publ. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 BP 65 EP 67 DI 10.1087/09531510125100304 PG 3 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 396JK UT WOS:000166632400011 ER PT S AU Schneider, HC Chow, WW AF Schneider, HC Chow, WW GP IEEE IEEE TI Excitation dependence of lateral beam width in a quantum-dot laser SO LEOS 2001: 14TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, IEE Lasers and Electro Opt Soc ID THRESHOLD CURRENT C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schneider, HC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Schneider, Hans Christian/B-9450-2009 OI Schneider, Hans Christian/0000-0001-7656-4919 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7105-4 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2001 BP 403 EP 404 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU32T UT WOS:000175700800202 ER PT S AU Schoenlein, RW Chong, HHW Glover, TE Heimann, PA Shank, CV Zholents, AA Zolotorev, MS AF Schoenlein, RW Chong, HHW Glover, TE Heimann, PA Shank, CV Zholents, AA Zolotorev, MS GP IEEE IEEE TI Generation and application of femtosecond X-rays from a synchrotron SO LEOS 2001: 14TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, IEE Lasers and Electro Opt Soc ID PULSES; RADIATION C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schoenlein, RW (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Schoenlein, Robert/D-1301-2014 OI Schoenlein, Robert/0000-0002-6066-7566 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7105-4 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2001 BP 527 EP 528 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU32T UT WOS:000175700800264 ER PT S AU Serkland, DK Geib, KM Allerman, AA Hargett, TW AF Serkland, DK Geib, KM Allerman, AA Hargett, TW GP IEEE IEEE TI Monolithic integration of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and wavelength-shifted resonant-cavity photodetectors SO LEOS 2001: 14TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, IEE Lasers and Electro Opt Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Serkland, DK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7105-4 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2001 BP 566 EP 567 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU32T UT WOS:000175700800284 ER PT S AU Klem, JF Serkland, DK Geib, KM AF Klem, JF Serkland, DK Geib, KM GP IEEE IEEE TI High-performance 1.3-micron InGaAsNVCSELs SO LEOS 2001: 14TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, IEE Lasers and Electro Opt Soc ID VERTICAL-CAVITY LASERS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Klem, JF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7105-4 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2001 BP 596 EP 597 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU32T UT WOS:000175700800299 ER PT S AU Klimov, VI AF Klimov, VI GP IEEE IEEE TI Femtosecond interactions in semiconductor quantum dots SO LEOS 2001: 14TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE IEEE LASERS & ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society (LEOS) Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers-and-Electro-Optics-Society CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP IEEE, IEE Lasers and Electro Opt Soc C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C-PCS,MS-J585, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1092-8081 BN 0-7803-7105-4 J9 IEEE LEOS ANN MTG PY 2001 BP 786 EP 787 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BU32T UT WOS:000175700800392 ER PT J AU Boomer, T Varella-Garcia, M McGavran, L Meltesen, L Olsen, AS Hunger, SP AF Boomer, T Varella-Garcia, M McGavran, L Meltesen, L Olsen, AS Hunger, SP TI Detection of E2A translocations in leukemias via fluorescence in situ hybridization SO LEUKEMIA LA English DT Article DE E2A; FISH; translocation; 19p13; ALL ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; PEDIATRIC-ONCOLOGY-GROUP; PRE-B; CELL-LINE; CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; FUSION; T(1-19); GENE; T(1-19)(Q23-P13) AB Three rearrangements in ALL disrupt E2A and create E2A fusion proteins: the t(1;19)(q23;p13) and ESA-PBX1, t(17;19)(q22;p13) and E2A-HLF and a cryptic inv(19)(p13;q13) and E2A-FB1, While E2A is fused to PBX1 in most ALLs with a 1(1;19), 5-10% of cases have translocations that appear identical, but do not affect E2A or PBX1. Because more intensive therapy improves the outcome of patients with E2A-PBX1(positive) (1;19) translocations, it is critical to identify this subset of patients so that appropriate therapy can be administered. In addition, there are balanced and unbalanced variants of the 1(1;19) and controversy exists regarding the clinical significance of this distinction. We have developed a two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization assay that accurately detects E2A translocations in metaphase and interphase cells, distinguishes between balanced and unbalanced variants and identifies patients with a 1(1;19) who lack E2A-PBX1 fusion, We found that clonal microheterogeneity is common in patients with E2A translocations and most patients have mixtures of cells with balanced and unbalanced translocations, suggesting that this distinction represents two ends of a continuum rather than distinct biological entities. These reagents should have widespread clinical utility and be useful for translational and basic research studies involving E2A translocations and this region of chromosome 19p13. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Sect Pediat Hematol Oncol,Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Childrens Hosp, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Canc, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. RP Hunger, SP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Sect Pediat Hematol Oncol,Dept Pediat, 4200 E 9th Ave,Campus Box C229, Denver, CO 80262 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 46934] NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0887-6924 J9 LEUKEMIA JI Leukemia PD JAN PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 95 EP 102 DI 10.1038/sj.leu.2401988 PG 8 WC Oncology; Hematology SC Oncology; Hematology GA 397PP UT WOS:000166704300014 PM 11243406 ER PT J AU Burton, H AF Burton, H TI The bride of science: Romance, reason, and Byron's daughter. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Burton, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 126 IS 1 BP 122 EP 122 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 391XH UT WOS:000166381200176 ER PT S AU Kao, CYJ Cooper, DI Reisner, JM Eichinger, WE Ghil, M AF Kao, CYJ Cooper, DI Reisner, JM Eichinger, WE Ghil, M BE Singh, UN Itabe, T Sugimoto, N TI Probing near-surface atmospheric turbulence with lidar measurements and high-resolution hydrodynamic models SO LIDAR REMOTE SENSING FOR INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENT MONITORING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lidar Remote Sensing for Industry and Environment Monitoring CY OCT 09-12, 2000 CL SENDAI, JAPAN SP SPIE, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Tohoku Inst Technol, NASA Langley Res Ctr, NPOESS, TRW DE lidar; hydrodynamic model; water vapor plumes; coherent eddies; oecan surface ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; OCEAN AB As lidar technology is able to provide fast data collection at a resolution of meters in an atmospheric volume, it is imperative to promote a modeling counterpart of the lidar capability. This paper describes an integrated capability based on data fi-om a scanning water vapor lidar and a high-resolution hydrodynamic model (HIGRAD) equipped with a visualization routine (VIEWER) that simulates the lidar scanning. The purpose is to better understand the spatial and temporal representativeness of the lidar measurements and, in turn, to extend their utility in studying turbulence fields in the atmospheric boundary layer. Raman lidar water vapor data collected over the Pacific warm pool and the simulations with the HIGRAD code are used for identifying the underlying physics and potential aliasing effects of spatially resolved lidar measurements. This capability also helps improve the trade-off between spatial-temporal resolution and coverage of the lidar measurements. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kao, CYJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS C323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3806-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4153 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1117/12.417046 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Optics; Physics GA BS25P UT WOS:000169198600025 ER PT S AU Wright, IG Pint, BA Hall, LM Tortorelli, PF AF Wright, IG Pint, BA Hall, LM Tortorelli, PF BE Schutze, M Quadakkers, WJ Nicholls, JR TI Oxidation lifetimes: Experimental results and modelling SO LIFETIME MODELLING OF HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION PROCESSES SE EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF CORROSION PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT EFC Workshop on Lifetime Modelling of High Temperature Corrosion Processes CY FEB 22-23, 2001 CL DECHEMA, FRANKFURT, GERMANY SP European Federat Corros, Corros Hot Gases & Combust Prod Working Party HO DECHEMA ID ALLOYS AB Experimental results for high-temperature alloys with excellent oxidation resistance strongly suggest that their oxidation behaviour involves several distinct stages that are not well addressed in current models. An approach is suggested that relies on breaking the 'steady-state' oxidation stage into multiple stages. In higher temperature experiments, two such stages are clearly observed, whereas at more relevant, lower temperatures, these stages are more difficult to observe within reasonable experimental times. Because this approach attempts to more closely model the observed oxidation behaviour, it requires input on the rate of oxidation and the rate law exponent for each stage, as well as a criterion for changing from one stage to the next. Thus, it is necessary to improve the mechanism-based description of the oxidation behaviour in each stage. Initial results show reasonable predictions using this methodology for one alloy (MA956HT). However, extensive work will be required to determine the real potential for this approach, particularly for lower temperatures. While it is recognised that other complicating phenomena have been observed, such as effects of specimen thickness and cycle frequency on oxidation lifetime, these have not been incorporated into this modelling effort. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wright, IG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1354-5116 BN 1-902653-47-5 J9 EUR FED CORR PUBL PY 2001 IS 34 BP 339 EP 358 PG 20 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW12J UT WOS:000180939800024 ER PT S AU Taleyarkhan, RP Kim, SH Knaff, C AF Taleyarkhan, RP Kim, SH Knaff, C BE Anjier, JL TI Fundamental studies on molten aluminum-water explosion prevention in direct-chill casting pits SO LIGHT METALS 2001 SE LIGHT METALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 130th TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 11-15, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc AB Explosive interactions between molten aluminum and water have been studied to evaluate the impact of cure times of selected (4) organic coatings on explosion onset. Tests were also conducted to assess durability of partially-cured coatings, and the effect of water temperature. Additionally, tests were conducted to assess the potential for deliberately injected non-condensible gases (NCGs) on prevention of explosive trigger shocks. The impact of using rubber and plastic surface layers was assessed for explosion prevention. The steam explosion triggering studies (SETS) facility was designed and constructed as a rapid-turnaround, cost-effective, and safe means to address these phenomenological issues and to derive quantitative, "practically-fundamental" data for situations covering melt masses relocating over submerged surfaces ranging up to similar to 1000 kg (2,000 Ib.). Test data obtained from the SETS facility correlated extremely well with past industry data. It was found that, explosion onset at short cure times does not correlate linearly with cure times. NCG injection was found to be the most important and overwhelming parameter leading to conclusive explosion prevention, leading to development of a potentially-novel methodology for cost-effective, environmentally benign and conclusive explosion prevention. Limited testing with rubber and plastic surfaces revealed that they too can provide protection from explosions but they pyrolyze extensively. Finally, a range of methods were investigated to enable rapid curing of organic coatings (down from 100+h to less than 15-20 minutes). Of these, it was found that microwave-based technology performed impressively and can bring down the time for full-curing to the 15-20 minute range for a both epoxy and coal-tar based coatings. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Taleyarkhan, RP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 0147-0809 BN 0-87339-480-1 J9 LIGHT MET PY 2001 BP 793 EP 798 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR84P UT WOS:000167758100113 ER PT J AU Clark, JF Hudson, GB AF Clark, JF Hudson, GB TI Quantifying the flux of hydrothermal fluids into Mono Lake by use of helium isotopes SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LONG VALLEY CALDERA; CALIFORNIA; BASIN; GROUNDWATER; MEROMIXIS; MANTLE; GASES; STRATIFICATION; CRUSTAL; WATER AB In Mono Lake, concentrations of (3)He and (4)He are greater than atmospheric equilibrium values, indicating a subsurface helium source. This assertion is supported by vertical concentration profiles that show maximum delta (3)He values (+68%) occurring within the pycnocline. The slope of the regression between (3)He and (4)He concentrations is near 2.8 R(a) (R(a) is the atmospheric helium isotope ratio), indicating that the subsurface source has a component of mantle helium. Hydrothermal springs and gas vents from Paoha Island have similar ratios, which suggests that discharge from this thermal system is the most important source. A 3He mass balance indicated that below the deep pycnocline at 17 m, similar to 25 cc STP of (3)He accumulates each year (similar to 90% from the influx of hydrothermal water and similar to 10% from the in situ decay of tritium). Although it is not retained because of gas transfer across the air-water interface, similar to 70 cc STP of (3)He is injected each year into the upper 17 m. When (3)He is used as a tracer, the influx of hydrothermal water below the deep pycnocline was estimated to be 0.045 +/- 0.025 m(3) s(-1). Because the hydrothermal water is fresher than Mono Lake, this influx causes the salinity of the monimolimnion to decrease by similar to0.1 salinity units per year and may play a small but important role in the salinity budget of this layer, which is presently denser than and isolated from the surface water. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Isotope Sci Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Clark, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geol Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM clark@magic.ucsc.edu NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 46 IS 1 BP 189 EP 196 PG 8 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 395XD UT WOS:000166605800016 ER PT S AU Dixit, S Britten, J Hyde, R Hoaglan, C Rushford, M Summers, L Toeppen, J AF Dixit, S Britten, J Hyde, R Hoaglan, C Rushford, M Summers, L Toeppen, J BE Kley, EB Herzig, HP TI Fabrication and applications of large aperture diffractive optics SO LITHOGRAPHIC AND MICROMACHINING TECHNIQUES FOR OPTICAL COMPONENT FABRICATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lithographic and Micromachining Techniques for Optical Component Fabrication CY JUL 29-30, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE diffraction gratings; Fresnel lenses; computer generated holograms; large aperture diffractive optics; kinoforms; high power lasers; space telescopes AB Large aperture diffractive optics are needed in high power laser applications to protect against laser damage during operation and in space applications to increase the light gathering power and consequently the signal to noise. We describe the facilities we have built for fabricating meter scale diffractive optics and discuss several examples of these. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dixit, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4154-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4440 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1117/12.448029 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT41Q UT WOS:000172924400012 ER PT S AU Ciarlo, D Rushford, M Kuzmenko, P Ge, J AF Ciarlo, D Rushford, M Kuzmenko, P Ge, J BE Kley, EB Herzig, HP TI Minimizing Fizeau fringes during the contact printing of diffraction gratings SO LITHOGRAPHIC AND MICROMACHINING TECHNIQUES FOR OPTICAL COMPONENT FABRICATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lithographic and Micromachining Techniques for Optical Component Fabrication CY JUL 29-30, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE GRISM; index; matching; Fizeau; interference; fringes; diffraction; gratings; silicon; astronomy AB An index matching fluid has been used to minimize the effect of interference fringes which develop when contact printing diffraction gratings on silicon wafers. These fringes are the result of interference effects when there is a small but uneven gap between the photomask and resist surface. They are especially troublesome when printing and etching large area, coarse diffraction gratings on the surface of silicon wafers and silicon disks. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ciarlo, D (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4154-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4440 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1117/12.448041 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BT41Q UT WOS:000172924400023 ER PT S AU Harpring, LJ Pechersky, MJ AF Harpring, LJ Pechersky, MJ BE Hunt, MA TI A comparison of unwrapped image quality and acquisition speed from forward-looking and side-looking modes of the TCTBIS SO MACHINE VISION APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Machine Vision Applications in Industrial Inspection IX CY JAN 22-23, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technolo, SPIE DE true color; tube; borescope; visual inspection; image processing; unwrapped images AB A True Colds Tube Bore Inspection System (TCTBIS) has been developed to aid in the visual nondestructive examination of the inside of small diameter tubes. The instrument was developed to inspect for the presence of contaminants and discoloration inside the tube. The tubes, which have a 1.5-1.7 millimeter inside diameter, are integrally attached to pressure vessels that are filled to high pressure through the tubes. The latest version of the TCTBIS can operate in two modes. In the forward-looking mode a borescope is used to look down the length of the tube. In the side-looking mode, a tube containing a 45 degrees mirror is placed over the forward-looking borescope so that a direct view of the sidewall of the tube can be seen. The work reported here is a comparison of the relative performance of these two operating modes in terms of image quality and data acquisition speed. Each mode uses an entirely different method of image acquisition and unwrapped image reconstruction. These methods along with comparison results and suggestions for improvements will be discussed in detail. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Harpring, LJ (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3979-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4301 BP 84 EP 92 DI 10.1117/12.420900 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BS26Z UT WOS:000169322300009 ER PT B AU Han, Q Kenik, EA Agnew, SR Viswanathan, S AF Han, Q Kenik, EA Agnew, SR Viswanathan, S BE Hryn, JN TI Solidification behavior of commercial magnesium alloys SO MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Magnesium Technology 2001 Symposium CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc AB The solidification behavior of magnesium alloys AZ91D, AM60B, AS41 and AS21 has been simulated using ThermoCalc (TM), a commercial computational thermodynamics package. Phase fractions and the temperature at which each phase forms have been predicted. A comparison of the predictions with optical microscopy of permanent mold cast samples shows good agreement. The segregation of solute elements in the primary magnesium dendrite phase has also been calculated. The simulation shows that aluminum and zinc are highly segregated between dendrites and between the grains of the primary magnesium phase. This suggests that the dynamic precipitation of the beta (Mg17Al12) phase, which has been linked to the poor creep behavior of some magnesium alloys, is likely to occur in the interdendritic region and near grain boundaries. Based on the segregation of solutes, the homologous temperature distribution within a primary magnesium grain, defined as the ratio of the use temperature to the local solidus temperature, has been calculated. The simulation results indicate that the homologous temperature near the grain boundary is much higher than that in the center of the grain. This suggests that creep phenomena exhibited in the interdendritic regions and between grains may have a significant effect on the creep behavior of magnesium alloys. Thermodynamic simulation of solidification. together with characterization of the microstructure and the creep behavior, appear to be a powerful tool for the development of creep resistant alloys. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Han, Q (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-481-X PY 2001 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR82L UT WOS:000167714200016 ER PT B AU Nyberg, EA Edwards, DJ Jones, RH AF Nyberg, EA Edwards, DJ Jones, RH BE Hryn, JN TI Microstructure and microchemistry of creep resistant magnesium alloys SO MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Magnesium Technology 2001 Symposium CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc AB For some automotive applications, magnesium alloys with improved elevated temperature properties are being considered for their relative lightweight and strength. Calcium-containing alloys with improved creep resistance have been developed and patented, but are limited by their poor die castability. Using a semi-solid molding process known as Thixomolding (R), this problem can be alleviated because of its lower injection temperatures relative to die casting and its ability to produce a range of microstructures with a variable volume fraction of primary alpha phase. Tensile tests, compressive creep and bolt load retention (BLR) tests have been performed on a Thixomolded (R) magnesium alloy designated ZAX 8506 alloy (8wt.% Zn, 5% Al and 0.6% Ca, bal. Mg) to evaluate its performance compared to other Mg alloys. Note that "X" is used to designate calcium in this paper because a clearly defined abbreviation for this alloy addition has not been standardized at this time. The samples were produced with nodular alpha magnesium ranging in content from 14 to 37%. The tensile yield strengths were 158 MPa and 125 MPa and the ultimate strengths were 237 MPa and 180 MPa at 25 and 150 degreesC, respectively. The semi-solid processed ZAX 8506 alloy had a compressive creep rate 4 times lower than die cast AZ91D at 40 MPa and 175 degreesC, and the BLR results were also found to be better. Characterization of the microstructure and microchemistry using optical metallography, SEM and high-resolution ATEM will be presented and the role of the calcium in improving creep behavior will be evaluated. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nyberg, EA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-481-X PY 2001 BP 169 EP 173 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR82L UT WOS:000167714200030 ER PT B AU Payzant, EA Agnew, SR Han, Q Viswanathan, S AF Payzant, EA Agnew, SR Han, Q Viswanathan, S BE Hryn, JN TI Mg17Al12 phase precipitation kinetics in die casting alloys AZ91D and AM60B SO MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Magnesium Technology 2001 Symposium CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc DE magnesium; die cast; creep; precipitation; alloy development AB The major second phase in magnesium die casting alloys containing aluminum (i.e., AZ91D and AM60B) is Mg17Al12, termed beta -phase in the magnesium literature. In this study, in-situ high temperature x-ray diffraction was used to study the precipitation of this phase from the as-cast matrix. It is indicated that appreciable precipitation of this phase will occur during service at elevated temperatures. Experimental data for the instantaneous volume fraction of beta -phase were fit to an adapted Avrami equation. The obtained fit parameters may be used to predict the amount of precipitation that will occur under given service or aging conditions. The impact upon elevated temperature mechanical behavior is also discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Payzant, EA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-481-X PY 2001 BP 183 EP 187 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR82L UT WOS:000167714200032 ER PT B AU Temmel, C Liu, KC Agnew, SR Sabau, AS Han, Q Viswanathan, S AF Temmel, C Liu, KC Agnew, SR Sabau, AS Han, Q Viswanathan, S BE Hryn, JN TI Experimental and computational study of bolt load retention behavior of magnesium alloy AM60B SO MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY 2001 LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Magnesium Technology 2001 Symposium CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Temmel, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Sabau, Adrian/0000-0003-3088-6474 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-481-X PY 2001 BP 201 EP 201 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR82L UT WOS:000167714200035 ER PT B AU Agnew, SR Lillo, TM Macheret, J Stoica, GM Chen, L Lu, Y Fielden, D Liaw, PK AF Agnew, SR Lillo, TM Macheret, J Stoica, GM Chen, L Lu, Y Fielden, D Liaw, PK BE Hryn, JN TI Assessment of equal channel angular extrusion processing of magnesium alloys SO MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Magnesium Technology 2001 Symposium CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc AB Equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) offers the potential to introduce very large strains into a metal workpiece without changing its cross-section. Hence, it could be an attractive technique for developing a fine-grained forging stock with good forming characteristics. Magnesium alloys are ideal candidates to benefit from the ECAE technique, because of their poor forming characteristics due to a hexagonal close packed crystal structure and a low melting point, which allows them to be ECAE processed isothermally at temperatures of 300 degreesC and below. An assessment of the technique has been made with the alloys AZ31B and ZK60. The mechanical properties of AZ31B are largely unaffected by the process, however, the ZK60 alloy responds favorably. Relative to the as-received material, the ductility is improved by 2 to 3 times over the entire temperature range investigated (24 - 450 degreesC). Explanations for the property enhancements are discussed in terms of microstructure observations and deformation mechanisms. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Agnew, SR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Lillo, Thomas/0000-0002-7572-7883 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-481-X PY 2001 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR82L UT WOS:000167714200042 ER PT B AU Danielson, MJ Jones, RH AF Danielson, MJ Jones, RH BE Hryn, JN TI The interaction between microstructure and corrosion initiation in certain die cast and Thixomolded (R) magnesium alloys SO MAGNESIUM TECHNOLOGY 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Magnesium Technology 2001 Symposium CY FEB 11-15, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc AB The influence of microstructure during the early stages of corrosive attack in a 3.5 % NaCl solution was examined by SEM. The alloys considered were die cast AZ91D, Thixomolded AZ91D, die cast ZAC8506, Thixomolded ZACV8506, and die cast AE42. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Danielson, MJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-481-X PY 2001 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR82L UT WOS:000167714200045 ER PT J AU Hetherington, HP Spencer, DD Vaughan, JT Pan, JW AF Hetherington, HP Spencer, DD Vaughan, JT Pan, JW TI Quantitative P-31 spectroscopic imaging of human brain at 4 tesla: Assessment of gray and white matter differences of phosphocreatine and ATP SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE P-31; quantification; brain; spectroscopic imaging ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; PHOSPHORUS METABOLITES; 4.1 T; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; H-1; SEGMENTATION; TISSUE; DEMENTIA AB This report describes the implementation and application of a multicompartment analysis of P-31 spectroscopic imaging data to determine the tissue-specific heterogeneities in metabolite content in the human brain and surrounding tissue. Using this information and a multicompartment regression analysis the phosphocreatine and ATP content of "pure" cerebral gray and white matter, the cerebellum, and skeletal muscle was determined in a group of 10 healthy volunteers. The data were converted to mM units using previously reported values for the T(1)s of phosphocreatine and ATP at 4 T, the water content of human brain, and an external reference for absolute quantification. The phosphocreatine concentration in cerebral gray and white matter, the cerebellum, and skeletal muscle was 3.53 +/- 0.33, 3.33 +/- 0.37, 3.75 +/- 0.66, and 25.8 +/- 2.3 mM, respectively, The ATP concentration in cerebral gray and white matter, the cerebellum, and skeletal muscle was 2.19 +/- 0.33, 3.41 +/- 0.33, 1.75 +/- 0.58, and 8.5 +/- 1.9 mM, respectively. Magn Reson Med 45: 46-52, 2001. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Radiol, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, New Haven, CT USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Radiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Hetherington, HP (reprint author), Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Radiol, 332 Mazer Hall,1300 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. NR 29 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0740-3194 J9 MAGNET RESON MED JI Magn. Reson. Med. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 45 IS 1 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1002/1522-2594(200101)45:1<46::AID-MRM1008>3.0.CO;2-N PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 388FU UT WOS:000166167400008 PM 11146485 ER PT B AU Krishnan, KM AF Krishnan, KM BE Hadjipanayis, GC TI Magnetism and microstructure: Imaging techniques and structure-property correlations in information storage materials SO MAGNETIC STORAGE SYSTEMS BEYOND 2000 SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Magnetic Storage Systems Beyond 2000 CY JUN 25-JUL 07, 2000 CL RHODES, GREECE SP NATO Sci Affairs Div ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; THIN-FILM MEDIA; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DOMAIN-STRUCTURES; CO/PT MULTILAYERS; RECORDING MEDIA; ANISOTROPY; MAGNETORESISTANCE; SUPERLATTICES; EXCHANGE AB Future development of ultrahigh density magnetic recording depends on developing microstructures of multicomponent and multilayered materials at the nanometer length scale, This can only be achieved by a dynamic iteration between growth of thin film structures and appropriate characterization of the physical, chemical and magnetic microstructure at relevant length scales, Electron-optic scattering, imaging and spectroscopy techniques are ideally matched to the challenge of carrying out such measurements. In this article, comprehensive reviews of the evolution of magnetic recording technology from a microstructure perspective and the status of electron microscopy based techniques are followed by examples of the application of these techniques in determining appropriate structure-property correlations. These include interface anisotropy in Co/Pt multilayers, temperature-dependent spin-reorientation transitions in c-axis oriented Co-Cr films, interface roughness and GMR in Fe/Cr multilayers and quantitative measurements of Cr-segregation and media noise in Co-Cr-Pt-X alloys. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krishnan, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0117-7 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2001 VL 41 BP 251 EP 270 PG 20 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT93N UT WOS:000174472900018 ER PT B AU Puntes, VF Alivisatos, P Krishnan, KM AF Puntes, VF Alivisatos, P Krishnan, KM BE Hadjipanayis, GC TI Synthesis of passivated cobalt nanocrystal arrays with controlled size and shape SO MAGNETIC STORAGE SYSTEMS BEYOND 2000 SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SERIES II: MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Magnetic Storage Systems Beyond 2000 CY JUN 25-JUL 07, 2000 CL RHODES, GREECE SP NATO Sci Affairs Div ID SUPERLATTICES AB Rapid pyrolysis of cobalt carbonyl in an inert atmosphere was employed to produce magnetic colloids (ferrofluids) of monodispersed, stabilized, cobalt nanocrystals. The size distribution and the shape of the nanocrystals were controlled by varying the surfactant (oleic acid, phosphonic oxides and acids...), its concentration and the reaction temperature. Thus, we systematically synthetised passivated nanocrystals with nearly monodisperse (std. dev.< 5%) size ranging from 3 to 17 nm. The surface tension of the Co crystals were modified during the reaction and cubic and prism-like crystals of size similar to20-30 nm were also synthesized. Particles are single crystals with a complex cubic structure related to the beta phase of manganese (epsilon-Co). Thus by controlling the size, the shape and the crystal structure the superparamagnetic transition can be customized. These particles have been observed to produce 2D self-assemblies when evaporated at low rates in a controlled atmosphere. A combination of x-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer has been used to characterize both the dispersed nanocrystals and the assembled superlattices. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Puntes, VF (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Puntes, Victor/F-8407-2013 OI Puntes, Victor/0000-0001-8996-9499 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0117-7 J9 NATO SCI SER II MATH PY 2001 VL 41 BP 381 EP 384 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT93N UT WOS:000174472900032 ER PT S AU Mitchell, JF Millburn, JE Ling, C Argyriou, DN Bordallo, HN AF Mitchell, JF Millburn, JE Ling, C Argyriou, DN Bordallo, HN BE Rzchowski, MS Kawasaki, M Millis, AJ VonMolnar, S Rajeswari, M TI Structural and magnetic states in layered manganites: An expanding view of the phase diagram SO MAGNETORESISTIVE OXIDES AND RELATED MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Magnetoresistive Oxides and Related Materials held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID CHARGE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; LA2-2XSR1+2XMN2O7; LA1.2SR1.8MN2O7; DIFFRACTION; LASR2MN2O7; COMPOUND AB Colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) manganites display a spectacular range of structural, magnetic, and electronic phases as a function of hole concentration, temperature, magnetic field, etc. Although the bulk of research has concentrated on the 3-D perovskite manganites, the ability to study anisotropic magnetic and electronic interactions made available in reduced dimensions has accelerated interest in the layered Ruddlesden-Popper (R-P) phases of the manganite class. The quest for understanding the coupling among lattice, spin, and electronic degrees of freedom (and dimensionality) is driven by the availability of high quality materials. In this talk, we will present recent results on synthesis and magnetic properties of layered manganites from the La2-2xSr1+2xMn2O7 series in the Mn4+-rich regime x > 0.5. This region of the composition diagram is populated by antiferromagnetic structures that evolve from the A-type layered order to G-type "rocksalt" order as x increases. Between these two regimes is a wide region (0.7 < x < 0.9) where an incommensurate magnetic structure is observed. The IC structure joins spin canting and phase separation as a mode for mixed-valent manganites to accommodate FM/AF competition. Transport in these materials is dominated by highly insulating behavior, although a region close to x = 0.5 exhibits metal-nonmetal transitions and an extreme sensitivity to oxygen content. We suggest two possible explanations for this transport behavior at doping just above x = 0.5: localization by oxygen defects or charge ordering of Mn3+/Mn4+ sites. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mitchell, JF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ling, Chris D/B-2228-2009; Bordallo, Heloisa/I-6836-2012 OI Ling, Chris D/0000-0003-2205-3106; Bordallo, Heloisa/0000-0003-0750-0553 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-510-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2001 VL 602 BP 315 EP 326 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BS97U UT WOS:000171563600044 ER PT J AU Smith, MH Novak, JM Peles, JD Purdue, JR AF Smith, MH Novak, JM Peles, JD Purdue, JR TI Genetic heterogeneity of white-tailed deer: management lessons from a long-term study SO MAMMALIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Odocoileus virginianus; allozymes; mtDNA; spatio-temporal heterogeneity; demographic heterogeneity ID PEROMYSCUS-POLIONOTUS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; HETEROZYGOSITY; GROWTH; POPULATIONS; VARIABILITY; SIZE AB Genetic data from a Long-term (16-year) study of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the U.S. Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS) were examined to evaluate spatial and temporal genetic heterogeneity in this species. Based on our analyses of the long-term data set, three major findings emerged, all of which have important implications for management of white-tailed deer: (1) There exists significant spatial genetic heterogeneity in white-tailed deer based on analyses of allozyme frequencies and mtDNA haplotypes. This heterogeneity exists on a much smaller spatial scale than would be expected for such a Large and potentially mobile species as O. virginianus. (2) The genetic structure of white-tailed deer at SRS is temporally dynamic and significant heterogeneity exists within demographic units such as age and sex classes. (3) Levels of genetic variation, as measured by multilocus heterozygosity, are frequently correlated to characteristics that are important determinants of ecological function in white-tailed deer populations. These findings are evaluated in the context of a general management model for O. virginianus that is also applicable to other wildlife species. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Penn State Univ, Ostermayer Lab 207, McKeesport, PA 15132 USA. Illinois State Museum, Zool Sect, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. RP Smith, MH (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1616-5047 J9 MAMM BIOL JI Mamm. Biol. PY 2001 VL 66 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 432KG UT WOS:000168690300001 ER PT J AU Her, C Wu, XL Bailey, SM Doggett, NA AF Her, C Wu, XL Bailey, SM Doggett, NA TI Mouse MutS homolog 4 is predominantly expressed in testis and interacts with MutS homolog 5 SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID CEREVISIAE MSH5 GENE; DNA MISMATCH REPAIR; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; CROSSING-OVER; CHROMOSOME SYNAPSIS; MEIOSIS; YEAST; CLONING C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Her, C (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mol Biosci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD JAN PY 2001 VL 12 IS 1 BP 73 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s003350010231 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 388FP UT WOS:000166167000012 PM 11178747 ER PT B AU Mazevet, S Berakdar, J Lower, J Weigold, E AF Mazevet, S Berakdar, J Lower, J Weigold, E BE Berakdar, J Kirschner, J TI Ionization of laser oriented sodium atoms by polarized electrons SO MANY-PARTICLE SPECTROSCOPY OF ATOMS, MOLECULES, CLUSTERS AND SURFACES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Many-Particle Spectroscopy of Atoms, Molecules, Clusters, and Surfaces CY JUL 26-29, 2000 CL HALLE SAALE, GERMANY SP German Sci Fdn, State Saxony Anhalt, Max Planck Inst, MSP, City Halle DE dichroism; spin asymmetry; orientation and alignment; (e,2e) collisions ID IMPACT IONIZATION; ORIENTATIONAL DICHROISM; LITHIUM C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mazevet, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46588-4 PY 2001 BP 15 EP 25 PG 11 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA BT17L UT WOS:000172149900002 ER PT B AU Mazevet, S Vien, GN Langlois, J Tweed, RJ Robaux, O Tannous, C Fakhreddine, K AF Mazevet, S Vien, GN Langlois, J Tweed, RJ Robaux, O Tannous, C Fakhreddine, K BE Berakdar, J Kirschner, J TI Low energy (e,2e) ionization of argon in the equal energy sharing geometry SO MANY-PARTICLE SPECTROSCOPY OF ATOMS, MOLECULES, CLUSTERS AND SURFACES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Many-Particle Spectroscopy of Atoms, Molecules, Clusters, and Surfaces CY JUL 26-29, 2000 CL HALLE SAALE, GERMANY SP German Sci Fdn, State Saxony Anhalt, Max Planck Inst, MSP, City Halle ID ELECTRON-SCATTERING; MODEL POTENTIALS; ATOMS; APPROXIMATIONS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mazevet, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46588-4 PY 2001 BP 113 EP 125 PG 13 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA BT17L UT WOS:000172149900010 ER PT J AU Gimenez-Conti, I Woodhead, AD Harshbarger, JC Kazianis, S Setlow, RB Nairn, RS Walter, RB AF Gimenez-Conti, I Woodhead, AD Harshbarger, JC Kazianis, S Setlow, RB Nairn, RS Walter, RB TI A proposed classification scheme for Xiphophorus melanomas based on histopathologic analyses SO MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Aquaria Fish Models of Human Disease CY SEP 20-23, 2000 CL SW TEXAS STATE UNIV, SAN MARCOS, TEXAS SP NCI, Chem & Phys Carcinogenesis Branch HO SW TEXAS STATE UNIV DE melanomas; Xiphophorus; hybrids; tumors; MNU; UV ID PLATYFISH; HYBRID; FISH AB We studied the histopathologic characteristics of melanomas induced in the Xiphophorus model. This fish model has been used for several decades to study the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying its susceptibility to melanoma induction. Numerous distinct interspecific hybrid crosses currently are being used in research on carcinogenesis. We previously reported that tumors were induced in such hybrid crosses after treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea or UV radiation. In this report, we describe the histopathologic features of Xiphophorus melanomas and propose a new classification system. We suggest that melanomas in these fishes can be classified as follows: melanocytic melanomas; melanophorous-macromelanophorous polymorphic melanomas; spindle cell type melanomas; epithelioid cell melanomas; and amelanotic melanomas. The new classification of Xiphophorus melanomas should allow correlations between histopathologic characteristics and carcinogen treatment, and between histopathologic characteristics and the genetic background of the hybrid fish. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Sci Pk Res Div, Dept Carcinogenesis, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20037 USA. SW Texas State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, San Marcos, TX USA. RP Gimenez-Conti, I (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Sci Pk Res Div, Dept Carcinogenesis, POB 389, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1436-2228 J9 MAR BIOTECHNOL JI Mar. Biotechnol. PY 2001 VL 3 SU 1 BP S100 EP S106 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 465MN UT WOS:000170592900013 PM 14961305 ER PT J AU Setlow, RB Woodhead, AD AF Setlow, RB Woodhead, AD TI Three unique experimental fish stories: Poecilia (the past), Xiphophorus (the present), and Medaka (the future) SO MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Aquaria Fish Models of Human Disease CY SEP 20-23, 2000 CL SW TEXAS STATE UNIV, SAN MARCOS, TEXAS SP NCI, Chem & Phys Carcinogenesis Branch HO SW TEXAS STATE UNIV DE pyrimidine dimers; tumor induction; melanoma; germ-cell mutations; cosmic rays; aging ID SKIN-CANCER; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; PYRIMIDINE DIMERS; ACTION SPECTRA; TEST SYSTEM; RADIATION; DNA; INDUCTION; WAVELENGTHS; PLATYFISH AB These three stories exemplify the uniqueness of fish models in their abilities to answer important biological questions. The first one identifies the major UV-induced damage (pyrimidine dimers) that is responsible for tumor induction. Thyroid cells from isogenic fish (Poecilia formosa) were exposed to UV in vitro, then either exposed or not to photoreactivating light that monomerizes dimers, and the cells were injected into isogenic recipients. In the absence of photoreactivating light, the recipients developed tumors; in its presence, there were very few tumors. The second story describes our use of backcross hybrids of Xiphophorus as a model for melanoma induction by several UV and visible wavelengths. All the wavelengths were effective. (Squamous cell carcinomas in mice are induced preferentially by wavelengths < 320 nm.) The data strongly suggest that light absorbed by the black pigment melanin damages DNA. The third story is designed to determine the mutagenic effects on sperm of the high atomic number, high-energy (HZE) nuclei present in cosmic rays by measuring mutations in progeny of exposed male medaka. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Setlow, RB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1436-2228 J9 MAR BIOTECHNOL JI Mar. Biotechnol. PY 2001 VL 3 SU 1 BP S17 EP S23 DI 10.1007/s1012601-0023-4 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 465MN UT WOS:000170592900004 PM 14961296 ER PT J AU Fuhrmann, M Zhou, H Neiheisel, J Dyer, R AF Fuhrmann, M Zhou, H Neiheisel, J Dyer, R TI Sorption of radioactive contaminants by sediment from the Kara Sea SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOLIDS CONCENTRATION; AQUATIC SYSTEMS; POLLUTANTS; ADSORPTION AB The purpose of this study is to quantify some of the parameters needed to perform near-field modelling of sites in the Kara Sea that were impacted by the disposal of radioactive waste. The parameters of interest are: the distribution coefficients (Kd) for several important radionuclides, the mineralogy of the sediment, and the relationship of Kit to liquid-to-solid ratio. Sediment from the Kara Sea (location: 73 degrees 00'N, 58 degrees 00'E) was sampled from a depth of 287 m on August 23/24, 1992. Analysis of the material included mineralogy, grain size and total organic carbon (TOC). Uptake kinetics were determined for Sr-85, Cs-137, Am-241, Tc-99, I-125, U-232 and Pb-210 and distribution coefficients (Kd) were determined for these radionuclides using batch type experiments. Sorption isotherms, developed for Cs-137, Sr-85 and Tc-99, were linear in each case. Increasing the liquid-to-solid ratio strongly increased uptake of Cs-137 and moderately increased uptake of Tc-99. Analysis for anthropogenic radionuclides indicated the presence only of Pu-239/240 in the sediment with the highest activity (at the top section of the core) being 0.420 Bq kg(-1). Other anthropogenic radionuclides were below detection limits. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Waste Technol Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Waste Technol Ctr, Bldg 830, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM fuhrmann@bnl.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN-JUN PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1-6 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00232-0 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 478JL UT WOS:000171343200009 PM 11601528 ER PT J AU Paluszkiewicz, T Hilber, LF Richmond, MC Bradley, DJ Thomas, SA AF Paluszkiewicz, T Hilber, LF Richmond, MC Bradley, DJ Thomas, SA TI Modeling the potential radionuclide transport by the Ob and Yenisey Rivers to the Kara Sea SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Russian Arctic; radionuclides; Ob; Yenisey Rivers; models AB A major portion of the former Soviet Union (FSU) nuclear program is located in the West Siberian Basin. Among the many nuclear facilities are three production reactors and the spent nuclear fuel reprocessing sites, Mayak, Tomsk-7, and Krasnoyarsk-26, which together are probably responsible for the majority of the radioactive contamination found in the Ob and Yenisey River systems that feed into the Arctic Ocean through the Kara Sea. This manuscript describes ongoing research to estimate radionuclide fluxes to the Kara Sea from these river systems. Our approach is to apply a hierarchy of simple models that use existing and forthcoming data to quantify the transport and fate of radionuclide contaminants via various environmental pathways. We present an initial quantification of the contaminant inventory, hydrology, meteorology, and sedimentology of the Ob River system and preliminary conclusions from portions of the Ob River model. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Off Naval Res, 433 Modeling,Room 428-3,Ballston Towers 1,800 N Q, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. EM paluszt@onr.navy.mil; lyle.hibler@pnl.gov; marshall.richmond@pnl.gov; don.bradley@pnl.gov; sa.thomas@pnl.gov RI Richmond, Marshall/D-3915-2013 OI Richmond, Marshall/0000-0003-0111-1485 NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN-JUN PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1-6 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00231-9 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 478JL UT WOS:000171343200010 PM 11601529 ER PT J AU Pint, BA Zhang, Y Tortorelli, PF Haynes, JA Wright, IG AF Pint, BA Zhang, Y Tortorelli, PF Haynes, JA Wright, IG TI Evaluation of iron-aluminide CVD coatings for high temperature corrosion protection SO MATERIALS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES LA English DT Article DE chemical vapor deposited Fe-Al coatings ID OXIDATION BEHAVIOR; PERFORMANCE; ALLOYS AB Chemical vapor deposited (CVD) Fe-Al coatings are being investigated to address fundamental issues concerning aluminide coating performance and lifetime. By using a well-controlled laboratory CVD procedure, the coatings are uniform in composition, purity and microstructure. A typical ferritic steel, Fe-9Cr-1Mo, and an austenitic stainless steel, 304L (nominally Fe-18Cr-9M), were coated to examine differences in the two types of substrates. For both substrates, the as-deposited coating consisted of a thin (<5 mum), Al-rich layer above a thicker (30-50 mum), lower Al content layer. To follow-up on initial results, which showed good coating performance in air+10vol.%H2O and H2S-H(2)0-H-2-Ar, cyclic tests were performed in both environments at 800 degreesC and more detailed characterization of the isothermally exposed coatings was conducted. During 2-5, 25h cycles at 800 degreesC in H2S-H2O-H-2-Ar, CVD coatings on both substrates showed progressively more attack during each cycle. However, in lh cycles at 800 degreesC in air + 10vol.%H2O, the coatings showed excellent performance, similar to cast Fe-(15-20at.%)Al specimens. The uncoated alloys were significantly attacked during all of these tests. Thermal expansion measurements show Al additions up to 20at% have little effect on the mean expansion of ferritic alloys but the higher thermal expansion of austenitic steels may be a better match with Fe3Al coatings. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Ctr Mfg Res, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wright, Ian/A-8300-2008; Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008; Tortorelli, Peter/E-2433-2011 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335; NR 22 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 13 PU SCIENCE REVIEWS 2000 LTD PI ST ALBANS PA PO BOX 314, ST ALBANS AL1 4ZG, HERTS, ENGLAND SN 0960-3409 EI 1878-6413 J9 MATER HIGH TEMP JI Mater. High Temp. PY 2001 VL 18 IS 3 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.3184/096034001783640559 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 494YU UT WOS:000172314100006 ER PT J AU Taleff, EM Bramfitt, BL Syn, CK Lesuer, DR Wadsworth, J Sherby, OD AF Taleff, EM Bramfitt, BL Syn, CK Lesuer, DR Wadsworth, J Sherby, OD TI Processing, structure, and properties of a rolled, ultrahigh-carbon steel plate exhibiting a damask pattern SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article DE ultrahigh-carbon steel; damask; pearlite; mechanical properties; properties ID BLADES; SUPERPLASTICITY AB A plate of ultrahigh-carbon steel (UHCS) was processed by hot and warm rolling, according to the Wadsworth-Sherby mechanism, to produce damask surface markings. The surface markings produced by this industrial processing method are similar to those of historical Damascus steels, which are also of hypereutectoid composition. The microstructure of the UHCS with damask contains fine, spheroidized carbides and a discontinuous network of proeutectoid carbides along former-austenite grain boundaries, which give rise to a surface pattern visible with the unaided eye. Tensile tests at room temperature measured tensile strengths and ductilities, which depend on sample orientation relative to the rolling direction of the plate. Hot and warm rolling causes a directional microstructure, giving rise to both an elongated, directional damask pattern and a directional dependence for strength and ductility. A maximum tensile ductility of 10.2% was measured at 45 degrees relative to the rolling direction. The plate material was subjected to heat treatments creating pearlitic and martensitic microstructures, which retain visible damask patterns. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Texas Mat Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Bethlehem Steel Corp, Homer Res Labs, Bethlehem, PA 18016 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mfg & Mat Engn Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Directors Off, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Taleff, EM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Texas Mat Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 23 TC 20 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 46 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S1044-5803(00)00087-5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 436KP UT WOS:000168935300002 ER PT B AU Stephens, JJ Hosking, FM AF Stephens, JJ Hosking, FM BE Zhao, JC Fahrmann, M Pollock, TM TI Mechanical properties considerations for selecting braze filler metals SO MATERIALS DESIGN APPROACHES AND EXPERIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials Design Approaches and Experiences held at the 2001 TMS Fall Meeting CY NOV 04-08, 2001 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID CERAMICS AB This paper describes recent efforts at Sandia National Laboratories in the area of metal/ceramic brazing, primarily for electronic applications. The necessary elevated temperature mechanical properties of braze alloys used in metal/ceramic brazing are inherently different than those intended for metal/metal joining. Braze alloys used for metal/ceramic brazing must readily deform during cooldown from the brazing temperature so as to help to accommodate thermal expansion mismatch between the dissimilar base materials. Another requirement for braze alloys used in metal/ceramic brazing is that ordering reactions, if present, do not result in extensive alloy strengthening. By contrast, braze alloys used for metal/metal structural applications are expected to have excellent high temperature mechanical properties - including creep and tensile strength - but without strict limitations on ductility. These diverging design requirements will be discussed in view of the high temperature mechanical properties of the AWS BAu-4 filler metal (82wt.%Au-18Ni), its active metal alloy (82Au-15.5Ni-0.75Mo-1.75V) counterpart, and other braze alloys appropriate for metal/ceramic joining. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Joining & Coating, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stephens, JJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Joining & Coating, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-503-4 PY 2001 BP 227 EP 239 PG 13 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BT53L UT WOS:000173272500018 ER PT J AU Cruz, LR Matson, R de Avillez, RR AF Cruz, LR Matson, R de Avillez, RR TI Processing of CdTe thin films by the stacked elemental layer method: compound formation and physical properties SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE SEL technique; CdTe; physical properties; characterization; CdCl2 treatment; thin film reaction ID SOLAR-CELLS; DEPOSITION AB Cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin films have been deposited using the stacked elemental layer (SEL) technique. This process consists of sequentially depositing tellurium and cadmium layers and then annealing the stacks in order to synthesize the compound. The films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance and reflectance, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The evolution of the thin film reaction and compound formation were studied using X-ray data. The results show that the growth is diffusion-controlled and the activation energy is (82 +/- 2) kJ/mol. The effect of the conventional post-synthesis CdCl2 heat treatment on the physical properties of the films produced is also reported. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Mil Engn, Dept Engn Macan & Mat, BR-22290270 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio de Janeiro, BR-22543900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Cruz, LR (reprint author), Inst Mil Engn, Dept Engn Macan & Mat, Praca Gen Tiburcio 80, BR-22290270 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI de Avillez, Roberto/A-2592-2010 OI de Avillez, Roberto/0000-0002-2192-1082 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 47 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0167-577X(00)00213-5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 389MQ UT WOS:000166242400012 ER PT J AU Huang, K Hou, PY Goodenough, JB AF Huang, K Hou, PY Goodenough, JB TI Reduced area specific resistance for iron-based metallic interconnects by surface oxide coatings SO MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE alloys; oxides; interfaces; thin films; electrical properties ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; SCALE ADHESION; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; IMPLANTED YTTRIUM; DOPED LAGAO3; FUEL-CELLS; SEGREGATION; CHROMIUM; GROWTH; ALLOYS AB The effects of various reactive-element coatings on the oxidation kinetics of two commercial iron-based alloys, Ebrite and ANSI 446, at elevated temperatures were investigated. Although NiO is not regarded as a reactive element oxide, it was chosen as a coating due to the enhanced conductivity of Cr2O3 by doping with NiO, Hot-dipping was used to make the desired coatings. The results consistently show a pronounced reduction in oxidation rate by either a Y2O3 coating or an equally mixed Y2O3/NiO double coating, particularly at low temperature, but only a slight influence by NiO coating. Examination of the scale microstructures revealed a continuous denser scale strongly bonded to the underlying metal for a Y2O3 coating, but visible micro-cracks for NiO coating. Electrical resistance measurements after a Y2O3 coating indicate a corresponding reduction in area specific resistance (ASR) with platinum and oxide electrodes, but an increase in ASR with oxide electrodes for a NiO coating. With a Y2O3/NiO double coating, a careful control of the NiO level in the scale has led to a denser, thinner and conducting Cr2O3 scale. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Texas, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78713 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goodenough, JB (reprint author), Univ Texas, Texas Mat Inst, ETC 9-102, Austin, TX 78713 USA. OI Goodenough, John Bannister/0000-0001-9350-3034 NR 38 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-5408 J9 MATER RES BULL JI Mater. Res. Bull. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 36 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S0025-5408(01)00506-2 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 426RR UT WOS:000168362600008 ER PT J AU Engler, O Kim, HC Huh, MY AF Engler, O Kim, HC Huh, MY TI Formation of {111} fibre texture in recrystallised aluminium sheet SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COMMERCIAL PURITY ALUMINUM; PLASTIC ANISOTROPY; ROLLING TEXTURES; STORED ENERGY; ALLOYS; DEFORMATION; NUCLEATION; METALS; GROWTH; STEEL AB The deep drawability of commercial purity aluminium sheets is improved by introducing a (in fcc materials rather unusual) {111} fibre texture in the sheet surface layers. An additional step of warm rolling after the conventional hot and cold rolling leads to the formation of a pronounced shear texture in the sheet surface layers. During the final recrystallisation annealing, the desired {111} texture prevails at the expense of the other shear texture components. The present paper aims to clarify the mechanisms of the formation of {111}parallel to ND orientations during both warm rolling and recrystallisation, The effect of the {111} surface texture on the plastic anisotropy of the resulting sheets is discussed. MST/4576. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Korea Univ, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Engler, O (reprint author), VAW Aluminium AD, Res & Dev, Postfach 2468, D-53014 Bonn, Germany. NR 41 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 11 PU I O M COMMUNICATIONS LTD INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 0267-0836 J9 MATER SCI TECH SER JI Mater. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 17 IS 1 BP 75 EP 86 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 399VX UT WOS:000166835000011 ER PT J AU Ritchie, RO Peters, JO AF Ritchie, RO Peters, JO TI Small fatigue cracks: Mechanics, mechanisms and engineering applications SO MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS JIM LA English DT Article DE high-cycle fatigue; fatigue-crack propagation; fatigue thresholds; small cracks; crack-tip shielding; foreign object damage; ceramics; intermetallics; Ti-6Al-4V ID HIGH-CYCLE-FATIGUE; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA CERAMICS; STRESS-INTENSITY FACTOR; TITANIUM ALUMINIDES; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; GROWTH-BEHAVIOR; LIFE PREDICTION; PROPAGATION; ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Damage-tolerant design and lire-prediction methodologies have been practiced for metallic structures for decades, although their application to brittle materials, such as ceramics and intermetallic alloys, still poses particular problems, primarily because of their extreme flaw-sensitivity. Moreover, like metals, they are susceptible to premature failure by cyclic fatigue, which provides a prominent mechanism for subcritical crack growth that further limits life. One specific problem involves the large dependency of growth rates on the applied stress intensity, which necessitates that design is based on the concept of a fatigue threshold, particularly in the presence of small cracks. In this paper, studies on the role of small cracks in influencing thresholds and near-threshold growth rates are described for both brittle and ductile materials. Examples are given from the military engine "High-Cycle Fatigue" initiative, which represents an important problem where information on the behavior of small fatigue cracks is critical. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998 NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 14 PU JAPAN INST METALS PI SENDAI PA AOBA ARAMAKI, SENDAI, 980, JAPAN SN 0916-1821 J9 MATER T JIM JI Mater. Trans. JIM PD JAN PY 2001 VL 42 IS 1 BP 58 EP 67 DI 10.2320/matertrans.42.58 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 400TY UT WOS:000166888800010 ER PT S AU Barrett, C Hunt, HB Marathe, MV Ravi, SS Rosenkrantz, DJ Stearns, RE AF Barrett, C Hunt, HB Marathe, MV Ravi, SS Rosenkrantz, DJ Stearns, RE BE Sgall, J Pultr, A Kolman, P TI Analysis problems for sequential dynamical systems and communicating state machines SO MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE 2001 SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium on Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science CY AUG 27-31, 2001 CL MARIANSKE LAZNE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Acad Sci Czech Republic, Math Inst, Inst Theoret Comp Sci, Inst Comp Sci, Act M Agcy ID UNPREDICTABILITY; UNDECIDABILITY; COMPLEXITY; NETWORKS AB Informally, a sequential dynamical system (SDS) consists of an undirected graph where each node nu is associated with a state s(nu) and a transition function f(nu). Given the state value s(nu) and those of the neighbors of nu, the function f(nu) computes the next value of s(nu). The node transition functions are evaluated according to a specified total order. Such a computing device is a mathematical abstraction of a simulation system. We address the complexity of some state reachability problems for SDSs. Our main result is a dichotomy between classes of SDSs for which the state reachability problems are computationally intractable and those for which the problems axe efficiently solvable. These results also allow us to obtain stronger lower bounds on the complexity of reachability problems for cellular automata and communicating state machines. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Comp Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Barrett, C (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS M997,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-42496-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2001 VL 2136 BP 159 EP 172 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BV76K UT WOS:000179963500015 ER PT J AU Massoudi, M Rao, CL AF Massoudi, M Rao, CL TI Vertical flow of a multiphase mixture in a channel SO MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE multiphase flows; granular materials; mixture theory; continuum mechanics; interaction force ID GRANULAR-MATERIALS; GRAVITY; PIPE; DISPERSION; PARTICLES; MOTION; PLANE AB The flow of a multiphase mixture consisting of a viscous fluid and solid particles between two vertical plates is studied. The theory of interacting continua or mixture theory is used. Constitutive relations for the stress tensor of the granular materials and the interaction force are presented and discussed. The flow of interest is an ideal one where we assume the flow to be steady and fully developed; the mixture is Bowing between two long vertical plates. The non-linear boundary value problem is solved numerically, and the results are presented for the dimensionless velocity profiles and the volume fraction as functions of various dimensionless numbers. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Indian Inst Technol, Dept Appl Mech, Madras 600038, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Massoudi, M (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 57 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1024-123X J9 MATH PROBL ENG JI Math. Probl. Eng. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 6 BP 505 EP 526 DI 10.1155/S1024123X00001459 PG 22 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 383LY UT WOS:000165885200001 ER PT J AU Lee, EH Kao, WWY Schwarz, RI AF Lee, EH Kao, WWY Schwarz, RI TI Cell density regulates prolyl 4-hydroxylase activity independent of mRNA levels SO MATRIX BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell density regulation; avian tendon; prolyl 4-hydroxylase ID ALPHA-SUBUNIT; FIBROBLASTS; PROTEIN AB In embryonic avian tendon, cell density regulates collagen production. This control is propagated through the alpha -subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase where protein levels were previously shown to rise fivefold with increasing cell density. In contrast, mRNA levels are now shown not to change by both Northern and RNAse protection assays. This lack of increase contrasts with previous reports as does the mRNA length: this is 50% larger as confirmed by sequencing the 3' end. Alternative sites for cell density regulation of the enzyme could rely on its sensitivity to sulfhydryl groups. Using a fluorescent sulfhydryl probe as well as a sulfhydryl inhibitor, one observes a strong cell density response, supporting the hypothesis that cellular redox potential could alter protein stability. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V./International Society of Matrix Biology. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Schwarz, RI (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Bldg 83, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0945-053X J9 MATRIX BIOL JI Matrix Biol. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 19 IS 8 BP 779 EP 782 DI 10.1016/S0945-053X(00)00123-2 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 412NL UT WOS:000167561200008 PM 11223337 ER PT S AU de Boer, MP Smith, NF Masters, ND Sinclair, MB Pryputniewicz, EJ AF de Boer, MP Smith, NF Masters, ND Sinclair, MB Pryputniewicz, EJ BE Muhlstein, CL Brown, SB TI Integrated platform for testing MEMS mechanical properties at the wafer scale by the IMaP methodology SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL FILMS SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanical Properties of Structural Films CY NOV 15-16, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat DE MEMS metrology; long working distance interferometry; software integration; wafer scale; mechanical property characterization ID FRICTION MEASUREMENT; ADHESION; BEAMS AB A new instrument to accurately and verifiably measure mechanical properties across an entire MEMS wafer is under development. We have modified the optics on a conventional microelectronics probe station to enable three-dimensional imaging while maintaining the full working distance of a long working distance objective. This allows standard probes or probe cards to be used. We have proceeded to map out mechanical properties of polycrystalline silicon along a wafer column by the Interferometry for Material Property Measurement (IMaP) methodology. From interferograms; of simple actuated cantilevers, out-of-plane deflection profiles at the nanometer scale are obtained. These are analyzed by integrated software routines that extract basic mechanical properties such as cantilever curvature and Young's modulus. Non-idealities such as support post compliance and beam take off angle are simultaneously quantified. Curvature and residual stress are found to depend on wafer position. Although defections of cantilevers varied across the wafer, Young's modulus E similar to 161 GPa is independent of wafer position as expected. This result is achieved because the non-idealities have been taken into account. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 0-8031-2889-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1413 BP 85 EP 95 DI 10.1520/STP10983S PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BT32J UT WOS:000172648600008 ER PT S AU Masters, ND de Boer, MP Jensen, BD Baker, MS Koester, D AF Masters, ND de Boer, MP Jensen, BD Baker, MS Koester, D BE Muhlstein, CL Brown, SB TI Side-by-side comparison of passive MEMS strain test structures under residual compression SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL FILMS SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanical Properties of Structural Films CY NOV 15-16, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat DE residual strain; MEMS test structures; bent-beams; microrings; pointers; fixed-fixed beams; cantilevers; optical metrology ID MICROMACHINED BEAMS; THIN-FILMS; STRESS; POLYSILICON; SILICON AB Knowledge and control of residual strain is critical for device design in MEMS, and therefore it is important to establish standards for residual strain measurement. In this study, pointer, microring, bent-beam, and Fixed-Fixed beam test structures are used to evaluate residual strain both theoretically and experimentally. An equation that enables easier evaluation of bent-beam structures is derived. Also, a finite difference model that incorporates the non-idealities of fixed-fixed beams and determines an optimum fit to the measured deflection curve is presented. The model allows accurate residual strain evaluation of each buckled fixed-fixed beam, Experimentally, pointer structures were found to be susceptible to adhesion. Microrings, intended for residual tension assessment, also could not be evaluated because the residual strain was compressive. Bent-beam and fixed-fixed beams could both be evaluated, The main criterion for test structure effectiveness was taken to be the repeatability of residual strain on structures in close proximity: each should exhibit the same value. Using optical microscopy, the residual strain of bent-beams was determined,vith 13 tc repeatability based on standard deviation of adjacent structures of similar design. Using optical interferometry, the residual strain of fixed-fixed beams was determined with 2 mu epsilon repeatability based on standard deviation for adjacent beams of different lengths. The strain values obtained from the two structures are in reasonably good agreement. Cantilevers Acre also evaluated to obtain Film curvature values. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 0-8031-2889-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1413 BP 168 EP 200 DI 10.1520/STP10989S PG 33 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BT32J UT WOS:000172648600014 ER PT S AU Seward, KP Ramsey, PB Krulevitch, P AF Seward, KP Ramsey, PB Krulevitch, P BE Muhlstein, CL Brown, SB TI Thermomechanical characterization of nickel-titanium-copper shape memory alloy films SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL FILMS SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Mechanical Properties of Structural Films CY NOV 15-16, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat DE shape memory; NiTiCu; nickel-titanium-copper; Nitinol; NiTi; TiNi; MEMS; microactuators ID THIN-FILMS; NI; PHASE; MEMS AB In an effort to develop a more extensive model for the thermomechanical behavior of shape memory alloy (SMA) films, a novel characterization method has been developed, This automated test lias been tailored to characterize films for use in micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) actuators. The shape memory effect in NiTiCu is seen in the solid-state phase transformation from an easily deformable low-temperature state to a "shape remembering" high-temperature state. The accurate determination of engineering properties for those films necessitates measurements of both stress and strain in microfabricated test structures over the full range of desired deformation. Our various experimental methods (uniaxial tensile tests, bimorph curvature tests. and diaphragm bulge tests) provide recoverable stress and strain data and the stress-strain relations for these films. Tests were performed over a range of temperatures by resistive heating or ambient heating. These measurements provide the results necessary for developing active SMA structural film design models. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Seward, KP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-223, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2889-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1413 BP 293 EP 305 DI 10.1520/STP10996S PG 13 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BT32J UT WOS:000172648600021 ER PT J AU Hemez, FM Doebling, SW AF Hemez, FM Doebling, SW TI Review and assessment of model updating for non-linear, transient dynamics SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Euromech Colloquium on Inverse Methods in Structural Dynamics CY SEP 06-08, 1999 CL LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND AB The purpose of this publication is to motivate the need of validating numerical models based on time-domain data for nan-linear, transient, structural dynamics and to discuss some of the challenges faced by this technology Our approach is two-fold. First, several numerical and experimental testbeds are presented that span a wide variety of applications (from non-linear vibrations to shock response) and difficulty [from a single-degree-of-freedom (sdof) system with localised non-linearity to a three-dimensional (3-D), multiple-component assembly featuring non-linear material response and contact mechanics]. These testbeds have been developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory in support of the Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative and our code validation and verification program. Conventional, modal-based updating: techniques are shown to produce erroneous models although the discrepancy between test and analysis modal responses can be bridged. This conclusion offers a clear justification that metrics based on modal parameters are not well suited to the resolution of inverse, non-linear problems. In the second part of this work, the state-of-the-art in the area of model updating for non-linear, transient dynamics is reviewed. The techniques identified as the most promising are assessed using data from our numerical or experimental testbeds. Several difficulties of formulating and solving inverse problems for non-linear structural dynamics are identified. Among them, we cite the formulation of adequate metrics based on time series and the need to propagate variability throughout the optimisation of the model's parameters. Another important issue is the necessity to satisfy continuity of the response when several finite element optimisations are successively carried out. An illustration of how this problem can be resolved based on the theory of optimal control is provided using numerical data from a non-linear Duffing oscillator. The publication concludes with a brief description of current research directions in inverse problem solving for structural dynamics. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, EA, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hemez, FM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, EA, Engn Anal Grp, POB 1663,M-S P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hemez@lanl.gov; doebling@lanl.gov NR 21 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 3 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 45 EP 74 DI 10.1006/mssp.2000.1351 PG 30 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 402NB UT WOS:000166994000005 ER PT J AU Sohn, H Law, KH AF Sohn, H Law, KH TI Extraction of Ritz vectors from vibration test data SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Euromech Colloquium on Inverse Methods in Structural Dynamics CY SEP 06-08, 1999 CL LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND ID DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AB Modal parameters obtained from modal testing (such as modal vectors, natural frequencies, and damping ratios) have been used extensively in system identification, finite element model updating, and structural health monitoring. As an alternative to modal vectors, load-dependent Ritz vectors have been shown useful in various areas of structural dynamics such as model reduction and damage detection. The applications of Ritz vectors, however, have been mainly limited in analytic;ll and numerical analyses because of the difficulty to identify them from vibration tests. This paper presents a procedure to extract load-dependent Ritz Vectors using a complete flexibility matrix constructed from measured vibration test data. The proposed method cannot only construct the Ritz vectors corresponding to the actual load pattern employed in vibration tests, but also generate Ritz vectors from arbitrary load patterns. Experimental data obtained from the vibration test of a grid-type bridge structure are employed to validate and illustrate the proposed extraction procedure. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci Applicat Div, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Sohn, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci Applicat Div, Engn Anal Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 15 IS 1 BP 213 EP 226 DI 10.1006/mssp.2000.1328 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 402NB UT WOS:000166994000015 ER PT B AU Li, Z AF Li, Z BE Zhou, Y Gu, YX Li, Z TI Development and processing of Si detectors for high energy and nuclear physics experiments SO MECHANICS AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING FOR SCIENCE AND EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium of Young Scholars on Mechanics and Material Engineering for Science and Experiments CY AUG 11-16, 2001 CL CHANGSHA, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Theoret & Appl Mech, Youth Comm, Xiangtan Univ, Chinese Mat Res Soc Japan, Chinese Mat Res Soc Youth Comm, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE Si detectors; detector processing; position sensitivity; radiation tolerance/hardness ID SILICON DRIFT DETECTORS; CHARGE COLLECTION EFFICIENCY; HIGH IRRADIATION TOLERANCE; CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES; RADIATION HARDNESS; PIXEL DETECTORS; LHC APPLICATION; N-EFF; DESIGN; CONFIGURATIONS AB Si detectors have been widely used, with increasing complexity and higher requirement in radiation tolerance, in high energy and nuclear physics experiments such as ATLAS and CMS in LHC and STAR and PHNIX in RHIC. In this paper, the development of novel prototype Si pad, strip, pixel, and drift detectors will be discussed. The issues and technologies related to the processing of those detectors will be reviewed. Detector radiation damage problem and recent efforts in detector radiation hardness will also be given, in which defect/impurity engineering, detector structure engineering, and detector operation mode engineering play important roles. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Li, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-79-6 PY 2001 BP 162 EP 167 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA BU28J UT WOS:000175560700037 ER PT S AU Hanson, KM AF Hanson, KM BE Sonka, M Hanson, KM TI Markov Chain Monte Carlo posterior sampling with the Hamiltonian method SO MEDICAL IMAGING: 2001: IMAGE PROCESSING, PTS 1-3 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2001 Conference CY FEB 18-22, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE Markov Chain Monte Carlo; Hamiltonian method; hybrid MCMC; Metropolis method; statistical efficiency; Bayesian analysis; posterior distribution; uncertainty estimation; convergence test AB The Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique provides a means for drawing random samples from a target probability density function (pdf). MCMC allows one to assess the uncertainties in a Bayesian analysis described by a numerically calculated posterior distribution. This paper describes the Hamiltonian MCMC technique in which a momentum variable is introduced for each parameter of the target pdf. In analogy to a physical system, a Hamiltonian H is defined as a kinetic energy involving the momenta plus a potential energy phi, where phi is minus the logarithm of the target pdf. Hamiltonian dynamics allows one to move along trajectories of constant H, taking large jumps in the parameter space with relatively few evaluations of phi and its gradient. The Hamiltonian algorithm alternates between picking a new momentum vector and following such trajectories. The efficiency of the Hamiltonian method for multidimensional isotropic Gaussian pdfs is shown to remain constant at around 7% for up to several hundred dimensions. The Hamiltonian method handles correlations among the variables much better than the standard Metropolis algorithm. A new test, based on the gradient of phi, is proposed to measure the convergence of the MCMC sequence. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS P940, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kmh@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4008-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4322 BP 456 EP 467 DI 10.1117/12.431119 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BT16F UT WOS:000172146600047 ER PT S AU Dilmanian, FA Weinmann, HJ Zhong, Z Bacarian, T Rigon, L Button, TM Ren, B Wu, YY Zhong, N Atkins, HL AF Dilmanian, FA Weinmann, HJ Zhong, Z Bacarian, T Rigon, L Button, TM Ren, B Wu, YY Zhong, N Atkins, HL BE Antonuk, LE Yaffe, MJ TI Tailoring x-ray beam energy spectrum to enhance image quality of new radiography contrast agents based on Gd or other lanthanides SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2001: PHYSICS OF MEDICAL IMAGING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2001 Conference CY FEB 18-22, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE radiography with contrast agent; CT with contrast agent; iodine contrast agent; gadolinium contrast agent; monochromatic x ray; x-ray monochromator; x-ray beam filtration; x-ray K-edge beam filtration; image contrast-to-noise ratio ID SYNCHROTRON-LIGHT-SOURCE; BENT LAUE MONOCHROMATOR; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; ADVERSE-REACTIONS; SMALL SAMPLES; MEDIA; RADIATION; CT; NEPHROTOXICITY; PERFORMANCE AB Gadovist, a 1.0-molar Gd contrast agent from Schering AG, Berlin, Germany, in use in clinical MRI in Europe, was evaluated as a radiography contrast agent. In a collaboration,xith Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Schering AG is developing several such lanthanide-based contrast agents, while BNL evaluates them using different x-ray beam energy spectra. These energy spectra include a "truly" monochromatic beam (0.2 keV energy bandwidth) from the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), BNL, tuned above the Gd K-edge, and x-ray-tube beams from different kVp settings and beam filtrations. Radiographs of rabbits' kidneys were obtained with Gadovist at the NSLS. Furthermore, a clinical radiography system was used for imaging rabbits' kidneys comparing Gadovist and Conray, an iodinated contrast agent. The study, using 74 kVp and standard Al beam filter for Conray and 66 kVp and an additional 1.5 nim Cu beam filter for Gadovist, produced comparable images for Gadovist and Conray; the injection volumes were the same, while the radiation absorbed dose for Gadovist was slightly smaller. A bent-crystal silicon monochromator operating in the Laue diffraction mode was developed and tested with a conventional x-ray tube beam; it narrows the energy spectrum to about 4 keV around the anode tungsten's K alpha fine. Preliminary beam-flux results indicate that the method could be implemented in clinical CT if x-ray tubes with similar to twice higher output become available. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dilmanian@bnl.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4006-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4320 BP 417 EP 426 DI 10.1117/12.430904 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BS75D UT WOS:000171047400046 ER PT S AU Roa, DE Smither, RK AF Roa, DE Smither, RK BE Antonuk, LE Yaffe, MJ TI Copper crystal lens for medical imaging: first results SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2001: PHYSICS OF MEDICAL IMAGING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2001 Conference CY FEB 18-22, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE crystal diffraction; gamma rays; copper crystals; medical imaging; focusing; cancer; tumor ID DIFFRACTION LENS AB A copper crystal lens designed to focus gamma ray energies of 100 to 200 keV has been assembled at Argonne National Laboratory. In particular, the lens has been optimized to focus the 140.6 keV gamma rays from technetium-99m typically used in radioactive tracers. This new approach to medical imaging relies on crystal diffraction to focus incoming gamma rays in a manner similar to a simple convex lens focusing visible light. The lens is envisioned to be part of an array of lenses that can be used as a complementary technique to gamma cameras for localized scans of suspected tumor regions in the body. In addition, a 2-lens array can be used to scan a woman s breast in search of tumors with no discomfort to the patient. The incoming gamma rays are diffracted by a set of 828 copper crystal cubes arranged in 13 concentric rings, which focus the gamma rays into a very small area on a well-shielded NaI detector. Experiments performed with technetium-99m and cobalt-57 radioactive sources indicate that a 6-lens array should be capable of detecting sources with mu Ci strength. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM roa@aps.anl.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4006-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4320 BP 435 EP 446 DI 10.1117/12.430914 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BS75D UT WOS:000171047400048 ER PT S AU Smither, RK Roa, DE AF Smither, RK Roa, DE BE Antonuk, LE Yaffe, MJ TI The physics of medical imaging with crystal diffraction lenses SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2001: PHYSICS OF MEDICAL IMAGING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2001 Conference CY FEB 18-22, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE crystal; diffraction; lens; focusing; gamma rays; medical imaging; cancer; tumor AB A new type of medical imaging system based on crystal diffraction is being developed at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. It is designed to image very small amounts of radioactivity in the human body. The system has good spatial resolution and high sensitivity.. Micro-Curie sources can be detected with relative ease. The spacial resolution of the lens remains constant as one looks deeper and deeper into the patient, in contrast to collimator systems where the spacial resolution becomes poorer with distance These features could make the system useful to confirm or reject possible sites for a cancer in the human body following a full body scan. By combining two or more lenses, one can generate a 3-D image of the cancer. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM rks@aps.anl.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4006-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4320 BP 447 EP 458 DI 10.1117/12.430916 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BS75D UT WOS:000171047400049 ER PT S AU Kuo, C Reutter, BW Huesman, RH AF Kuo, C Reutter, BW Huesman, RH BE Chen, CT Clough, AV TI Resolution of the spectral technique in kinetic modeling SO MEDICAL IMAGING 2001: PHYSIOLOGY AND FUNCTION FROM MULTIDIMENSIONAL IMAGES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2001 Conference CY FEB 18-22, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, FDA Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE spectral analysis; kinetic modeling ID PET AB Physiologic systems can be represented by compartmental models which describe the uptake of radio-labeled tracers from blood to tissue and their subsequent washout. Arterial and venous time-activity curves from isolated heart experiments are analyzed using spectral analysis, in which the impulse response function is represented by a sum of decaying exponentials. Resolution and uniqueness tests are conducted by synthesizing isolated heart data with predefined compartmental models, adding noise, and applying the spectral analysis technique. Venous time-activity curves are generated by convolving a typical arterial input function with the predefined spectrum. The coefficients of a set of decaying exponential basis functions are determined using a non-negative least squares algorithm, and results are compared with the predefined spectrum. The uniqueness of spectral method solutions is investigated by computing model covariance matrices, using error propagation and prior knowledge of noise distributions. Coupling between model parameters is illustrated with correlation matrices. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd 55-121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM CKuo@lbl.gov; BWReutter@lbl.gov; RHHuesman@lbl.gov RI Kuo, Chaincy/H-9475-2016 OI Kuo, Chaincy/0000-0001-7958-8764 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4007-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4321 BP 12 EP 21 DI 10.1117/12.428143 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BS94T UT WOS:000171469100002 ER PT J AU Doddi, S Marathe, A Ravi, SS Torney, DC AF Doddi, S Marathe, A Ravi, SS Torney, DC TI Discovery of association rules in medical data SO MEDICAL INFORMATICS AND THE INTERNET IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE data mining; association rules; procedure code; diagnosis code AB Data mining is a technique for discovering useful information from large databases. This technique is currently being profitably used by a number of industries. A common approach for information discovery is to identify association rules which reveal relationships among different items. In this paper, we use this approach to analyse a large database containing medical-record data. Our aim is to obtain association rules indicating relationships between procedures performed on a patient and the reported diagnoses. Random sampling was used to obtain these association rules. After reviewing the basic concepts associated with data mining, we discuss our approach for identifying association rules and report on the rules generated. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Albany, Dept Comp Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Marathe, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS B265, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1463-9238 J9 MED INFORM INTERNET JI Med. Inform. Internet Med. PD JAN-MAR PY 2001 VL 26 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1080/14639230010028786 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 441KH UT WOS:000169229200003 PM 11583406 ER PT S AU Cooper, JA Kidd, MEC Dalton, LJ AF Cooper, JA Kidd, MEC Dalton, LJ BE Helvajian, H Janson, SW Larmer, F TI MEMS safety switch for controlling critical software operations SO MEMS COMPONENTS AND APPLICATIONS FOR INDUSTRY, AUTOMOBILES, AEROSPACE, AND COMMUNICATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Components and Applications for Industry, Automobiles, Aerospace, and Communication CY OCT 22-23, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE MEMS; software; unique signal; safety; reliability AB This work is intended to help improve the safety of software-controlled safety-critical systems, while also helping to improve the mathematical characterization of such systems. Software processing is an essential part of many safety-critical operations. However, safety and reliability vulnerabilities are inherent in typical software logic and in hardware implementations representing the software logic, because it is impossible to assure perfect software, and it is difficult to make microelectronics invulnerable to many environments. Also, the safety of systems depending on software control is very difficult to assure probabilistically. In the approach described, system safety and reliability are improved by shifting the performance burden insofar as possible from software and firmware performance to a "unique signal"-driven MEMS switch (or switches). In order to improve safety, the information that would be necessary to inadvertently drive the switch is excluded from the system. Mathematical characterization and probabilistic analysis is improved by adhering to a signal derivation methodology. The approach utilizes strategically chosen metrics, which are then processed by a logical "translator" in a manner that substantially reduces undesired response in the presence of errors in the measured values, as well as substantially reducing undesired response in the measurement and translation processes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cooper, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4287-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4559 BP 17 EP 23 DI 10.1117/12.443036 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT41S UT WOS:000172924600005 ER PT S AU Holladay, JD Jones, EO Phelps, M Hu, JL AF Holladay, JD Jones, EO Phelps, M Hu, JL BE Helvajian, H Janson, SW Larmer, F TI High-efficiency microscale power using a fuel processor and fuel cell SO MEMS COMPONENTS AND APPLICATIONS FOR INDUSTRY, AUTOMOBILES, AEROSPACE, AND COMMUNICATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MEMS Components and Applications for Industry, Automobiles, Aerospace, and Communication CY OCT 22-23, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy DE fuel reformer; microscale power; micro device; MEMS; fuel cell; hydrogen AB A microscale power device, composed of a fuel processor and a fuel cell, is described, and results of testing conducted with the fuel reformer are presented. The microscale fuel reformer strips hydrogen from a hydrocarbon fuel, such as methanol, and the hydrogen-rich stream can then be fed to a fuel cell to generate electrical power. In the tests discussed here, the fuel reformer, utilizing methanol, was able to provide up to 100 mW(c) of hydrogen at an efficiency of up to 4.8%. The device was able to operate independent of any additional external heating, even during start-up. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Holladay, JD (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Div, POB 999,MS K2-12, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4287-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4559 BP 148 EP 156 DI 10.1117/12.443030 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BT41S UT WOS:000172924600020 ER PT J AU Rohatgi, A Vecchio, KS Gray, GT AF Rohatgi, A Vecchio, KS Gray, GT TI The influence of stacking fault energy on the mechanical behavior of Cu and Cu-Al alloys: Deformation twinning, work hardening, and dynamic recovery SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-SIZE DEPENDENCE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SUBSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT; DISLOCATION ARRAYS; STRAIN COMPRESSION; YIELD STRESS; FLOW-STRESS; COPPER; TEMPERATURE; KINETICS AB The role of stacking fault energy (SFE) in deformation twinning and work hardening was systematically studied in Cu (SFE similar to 78 ergs/cm(2)) and a series of Cu-Al solid-solution alloys (0.2, 2, 4, and 6 wt pet Al with SFE similar to 75, 25, 13, and 6 ergs/cm(2), respectively). The materials were deformed under quasi-static compression and at strain rates of similar to 1000/s in a Split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The quasi-static flow curves of annealed 0.2 and 2 wt pet Al alloys were found to be representative of solid-solution strengthening and well described by the Hall-Fetch relation. The quasi-static flow curves of annealed 4 and 6 wt pet Al alloys showed additional strengthening at strains greater than 0.10. This additional strengthening was attributed to deformation twins and the presence of twins was confirmed by optical microscopy. The strengthening contribution of deformation twins was incorporated in a modified Hall-Fetch equation (using intertwin spacing as the "effective" grain size), and the calculated strength was in agreement with the observed quasi-static flow stresses. While the work-hardening rate of the low SFE Cu-AL alloys was found to be independent of the strain rate, the work-hardening rate of Cu and the high SFE Cu-Al alloys (low Al content) increased with increasing strain rate. The different trends in the dependence of work-hardening rate on strain rate was attributed to the difference in the ease of cross-slip (and, hence, the ease of dynamic recovery) in Cu and Cu-Al alloys. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rohatgi, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Vecchio, Kenneth/F-6300-2011 OI Vecchio, Kenneth/0000-0003-0217-6803 NR 62 TC 182 Z9 192 U1 7 U2 109 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.1007/s11661-001-0109-7 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 396HM UT WOS:000166630300013 ER PT J AU Mitlin, D Radmilovic, V Dahmen, U Morris, JW AF Mitlin, D Radmilovic, V Dahmen, U Morris, JW TI Precipitation and aging in Al-Si-Ge-Cu SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CAVITY NUCLEATION; TRACE ADDITIONS; ALLOYS; GROWTH; COMPOSITE; SN C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mitlin, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Mitlin , David /M-5328-2016 OI Mitlin , David /0000-0002-7556-3575 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 197 EP 199 DI 10.1007/s11661-998-0335-3 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 396HM UT WOS:000166630300019 ER PT S AU Ritherdon, J Joens, AR Wright, IG AF Ritherdon, J Joens, AR Wright, IG BE Schumacher, P Warren, P Cantor, B TI The recovery and recrystallisation of a mechanically alloyed ODS-Fe3Al alloy SO METASTABLE, MECHANICALLY ALLOYED AND NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS, ISMANAM-2000 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed and Nanocrystalline Materials (ISMANAM 2000) CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL ST CATHERINES COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Zoz GmbH, Fisher Sci Orme Technologies, Oxford Ctr Adv Mat & Composites, Univ Oxford, Dept Mat HO ST CATHERINES COLL DE annealing; channelling contrast; defects; degassing; mechanical alloying; residual strain; TEM; vickers hardness; XRD AB Few metallic microstructures evolve to such a great extent during the manufacturing process as do those of mechanically alloyed (MA) materials. From the as-MA powder condition, a primary recrystallised microstructure forms on annealing or during high temperature consolidation, and subsequent annealing can induce the technologically desirable, coarse secondary recrystallised grain structure. The as-MA and primary recrystallised microstructures are often considered transient and of little importance to most high temperature end applications where the material is usually in the secondary recrystallised condition. However, in any mechanically alloyed material, life-limiting artefacts and defects in the final, consolidated microstructure may originate from the earliest stages of manufacture. The current work involved a microstructural investigation of an oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) intermetallic Fe3Al alloy from the as-alloyed, micro-wrought state through recovery and recrystallisation to the primary microstructure. X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) are used to elucidate the microstructural evolution on annealing. The ODS-Fe3Al powder is seen to begin recovery at approximate to 300 degreesC and to recrystallise at 570 degreesC. There is little grain growth during recovery and XRD data suggests that relaxation of a residual strain of 0.012 occurs on annealing. Comparisons are made between the recrystallisation behaviour and microstructures of the ODS-Fe3Al alloy and a commercial, Fe-based ODS alloy, PM2000. The microstructure in the commercial PM2000 alloy is generally more homogeneous and contains fewer defects than are apparent in the developmental ODS-Fe3Al powder, as might he expected, and this highlights aspects of the microstructure and processing of the ODS-Fe3Al powder which might be altered to achieve enhanced alloy performance. C1 Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ritherdon, J (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, POB 147, Liverpool L69 3GH, Merseyside, England. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-865-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 360-3 BP 217 EP 222 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BS10Q UT WOS:000168667500035 ER PT S AU Johnson, E Johansen, A Sarholt, L Dahmen, U AF Johnson, E Johansen, A Sarholt, L Dahmen, U BE Schumacher, P Warren, P Cantor, B TI Two-phase lead-tin nanoscale precipitates in aluminum SO METASTABLE, MECHANICALLY ALLOYED AND NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS, ISMANAM-2000 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed and Nanocrystalline Materials (ISMANAM 2000) CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL ST CATHERINES COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP Zoz GmbH, Fisher Sci Orme Technologies, Oxford Ctr Adv Mat & Composites, Univ Oxford, Dept Mat HO ST CATHERINES COLL DE eutectic alloys; ion implantation; melting-solidification; monotectic alloys; nanoscale precipitates ID PB INCLUSIONS; AL MATRIX; SOLIDIFICATION; IMPLANTATION; BEHAVIOR AB Multi-component precipitates with nanoscale dimensions of elements with limited mutual solubilities can with advantage be made by sequential ion implantation. When the constituent elements of the precipitates are insoluble in the matrix, the precipitates can be considered as nanoscale ingots with the matrix acting as an array of nanoscale crucibles. Alloy precipitates of Pb-Sn embedded in an Al matrix made by sequential ion implantation have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Rutherford backscattering analysis (RBS) in combination with channeling. In the as-implanted state the Pb-Sn precipitates have a cuboctahedral-like shape reminiscent of the shape of pure Pb precipitates, and they have a two-phase microstructure consisting of segments of Pb attached to Sn along planar interfaces close to {111}(fcc). In-situ heating and cooling experiments in the TEM show that the Sn segments in initially two-phase precipitates with off-eutectic compositions dissolve into the Pb segments below the eutectic temperature. The resulting single-phase precipitates can be heavily supersaturated with Sn in comparison with the equilibrium phase diagram, and thy melt in a single-stage size dependent process where the largest precipitates melt first. Solidification of the precipitates takes place with little undercooling and the smallest precipitates solidify first. During subsequent cooling the precipitates phase separate into Pb and Sn segments resulting in a two-phase microstructure similar to the original. C1 Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Orsted Lab, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Johnson, E (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Orsted Lab, Univ Pk 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-865-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 360-3 BP 267 EP 274 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BS10Q UT WOS:000168667500043 ER PT J AU Crissman, HA Steinkamp, JA AF Crissman, HA Steinkamp, JA TI Flow cytometric fluorescence lifetime measurements SO METHODS IN CELL BIOLOGY, VOL 63 SE METHODS IN CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PHASE-SENSITIVE DETECTION; ANALYTICAL CYTOLOGY MEASUREMENTS; FLUOROCHROME-LABELED CELLS; HETEROGENEOUS FLUORESCENCE; MULTIFREQUENCY PHASE; DEUTERIUM-OXIDE; DNA; SIGNALS; RESOLUTION; ACQUISITION C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Crissman, HA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01-RR06758, R01-RR07855, P41-RR013150] NR 37 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-679X J9 METHOD CELL BIOL PY 2001 VL 63 BP 131 EP 148 PG 18 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA BR44P UT WOS:000166441200006 PM 11060839 ER PT J AU Seamer, L Sklar, LA AF Seamer, L Sklar, LA TI Time as a flow cytometric parameter SO METHODS IN CELL BIOLOGY, VOL 63 SE METHODS IN CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HUMAN FLAP ENDONUCLEASE-1; N-FORMYL PEPTIDE; HUMAN NEUTROPHIL; KINETIC MEASUREMENTS; INJECTION CYTOMETRY; RECEPTOR DYNAMICS; REAGENT ADDITION; CELLS; SAMPLE; INTERNALIZATION C1 BioRad Labs, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Seamer, L (reprint author), BioRad Labs, Hercules, CA 94547 USA. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-679X J9 METHOD CELL BIOL PY 2001 VL 63 BP 169 EP 183 PG 15 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA BR44P UT WOS:000166441200008 PM 11060841 ER PT J AU Weier, HUG AF Weier, HUG TI Quantitative DNA fiber mapping SO METHODS IN CELL BIOLOGY, VOL 64 SE METHODS IN CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; HUMAN GENOME; MAP; CHROMOSOMES; GENES; PROTEIN-4.1; FRAGMENTS; CLONING; VECTOR; PROBES C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Subcellular Struct, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weier, HUG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Dept Subcellular Struct, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-679X J9 METHOD CELL BIOL PY 2001 VL 64 BP 33 EP + PG 23 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA BR44Q UT WOS:000166441600002 PM 11070831 ER PT J AU Fung, J Munne, S Weier, HUG AF Fung, J Munne, S Weier, HUG TI Detection of chromosome translocation products in single interphase cell nuclei SO METHODS IN CELL BIOLOGY, VOL 64 SE METHODS IN CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; HUMAN EMBRYOS; PROBES; ANEUPLOIDIES; PREGNANCIES; MOSAICISM C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. St Barnabas Med Ctr, Inst Reprod Med & Sci, W Orange, NJ 07052 USA. RP Fung, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. OI Munne, Santiago/0000-0002-1088-5565 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-679X J9 METHOD CELL BIOL PY 2001 VL 64 BP 97 EP + PG 19 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA BR44Q UT WOS:000166441600005 PM 11070834 ER PT B AU Holtom, GR Hopkins, DF Majors, PD Parkinson, CI Price, JM AF Holtom, GR Hopkins, DF Majors, PD Parkinson, CI Price, JM BE Valafar, F TI A distributed imaging and data acquisition system for biological research SO METMBS'01: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Mathematics and Engineering Techniques in Medicine and Biological Sciences CY JUN 25-28, 2001 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Appl Press, Int Technol Inst, Korea Informat Proc Soc, World Acad Sci Informat Technol, PACT Corp, Comp Vis Res & Appl Tech, Java High Performance Comp Res Grp, Sundance Digital Signal Proc Inc DE biological imaging; distributed imaging; java imaging AB New methods in biological research and increasingly complex collaborations are demanding a more distributed approach to scientific imaging and data acquisition. This modus operandi is demanding access to everything from anywhere: data acquisition machines are,required to be operated remotely and experimental data is required to be accessible from everywhere. This paper describes the work, done to address some of these issues by detailing a mechanism for remote control of existing microscopes, and a central data repository system, accessible from all computers via a platform independent image browsing application. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Holtom, GR (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-77-7 PY 2001 BP 480 EP 485 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Computer Science; Engineering GA BT48G UT WOS:000173108700078 ER PT S AU Tobin, KW Karnowski, TP Lakhani, F AF Tobin, KW Karnowski, TP Lakhani, F BE Tobin, KW Lakhani, F TI Integrated applications of inspection data in the semiconductor manufacturing environment SO METROLOGY-BASED CONTROL FOR MICRO-MANUFACTURING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology-based Control for Micro-Manufacturing CY JAN 24-25, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE semiconductor manufacturing; integrated yield management; automatic defect classification; spatial signature analysis; content-based image retrieval AB As integrated circuit fabrication processes continue to increase in complexity, it has been determined that data collection, retention, and retrieval rates will continue to increase at an alarming rate. At future technology nodes, the time required to source manufacturing problems must at least remain constant to maintain anticipated productivity as suggested in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). Strategies and software methods for integrated yield management have been identified as critical for maintaining this productivity. Integrated yield management must use circuit design, visible defect, parametric, and functional test data to recognize process trends and excursions so that yield-detracting mechanisms can be rapidly identified and corrected. This will require the intelligent merging of the various data sources that are collected and maintained throughout the fabrication environment. The availability of multiple data sources and the evolution of automated analysis techniques are providing mechanisms to convert basic defect, parametric, and electrical data into useful prediction and control information. Oak Ridge National Laboratory and International SEMATECH have been working to develop new strategies and capabilities in integrated yield management based on technologies such as Automatic Defect Classification (ADC), Spatial Signature Analysis (SSA), and Automated Image Retrieval (AIR). In this paper we will discuss a survey of these image-based technologies and their application to the ITRS issues that are driving the need for integration and data reduction. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tobin, KW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Escarabajal, Juan Antonio/C-5644-2012 NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3953-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4275 BP 31 EP 40 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BS89H UT WOS:000171333900004 ER PT S AU Karnowski, TP Tobin, WW Arrowood, LF Ferrell, RK Goddard, JS Lakhani, F AF Karnowski, TP Tobin, WW Arrowood, LF Ferrell, RK Goddard, JS Lakhani, F BE Tobin, KW Lakhani, F TI Field-test results of an image retrieval system for semiconductor yield learning SO METROLOGY-BASED CONTROL FOR MICRO-MANUFACTURING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology-based Control for Micro-Manufacturing CY JAN 24-25, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE content-based image retrieval; semiconductor; yield enhancement; defect detection; automated image retrieval AB Images of semiconductor defects are maintained in semiconductor yield management systems to diagnose problems that arise during the manufacturing process. A semiconductor-specific content-based image retrieval system was developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) under the auspices of International SEMATECH (ISMT) during 1998-1999. The system uses commercial databases to store image information and uses a customized indexing technology to rapidly retrieve similar images. Additional defect information (position, wafer ID, lot, etc) has now been incorporated into the system through the use of additional database tables. During Fall 2000, the system was deployed in two ISMT member company fabs to demonstrate the utility of this approach in managing large databases of images and to show causal relationships between image appearance and wafer information such as processing layer, wafer lot, analysis dates, etc. This paper summarizes the results of these field tests and shows the utility of this approach through data analysis conducted on approximately one month of historical defect data. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Karnowski, TP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Escarabajal, Juan Antonio/C-5644-2012 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3953-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4275 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1117/12.429362 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BS89H UT WOS:000171333900005 ER PT B AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, NSV GP VDI/VDE-GMA VDI/VDE-GMA TI On sample-based implementation of non-smooth decision fusion functions SO MFI2001: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTISENSOR FUSION AND INTEGRATION FOR INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems CY AUG 20-22, 2001 CL BADEN BADEN, GERMANY SP IEEE IES, Robot & Automat Soc, VDI, VDE, GMA, Euron, SICE, RSJ, GI ID UNKNOWN DISTRIBUTIONS AB A number of optimal fusion functions have been derived in the literature for multiple detection systems based on a complete knowledge of the detector distributions. In several practical systems, however, only measurements are available. A general result was recently shown that any fusion function with a suitable Lipschitz property derived under the complete knowledge of the distributions can be converted into a measurement-based one. While this result subsumes the well-known cases of independent and correlated detectors, it is not applicable to discontinuous fusion rules which often arise in practice. In this paper, we show that any fusion function with bounded variation can be converted into a measurement-based one with a somewhat weaker guarantee. These fusion functions subsume Lipschitz as well as several discontinuous fusion functions. In particular we show that given a sufficiently large sample, the measurement-based fusion function performs almost as well as the optimal one with an arbitrarily specified confidence. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU V D I-V D E - VERLAG GMBH PI DUSSELDORF PA PO BOX 10 11 39, W-40002 DUSSELDORF, GERMANY BN 3-00-008260-3 PY 2001 BP 215 EP 219 DI 10.1109/MFI.2001.1013537 PG 5 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BU68E UT WOS:000176703400037 ER PT S AU Kegelmeyer, LM Tomascik-Cheeseman, L Burnett, MS van Hummelen, P Wyrobek, AJ AF Kegelmeyer, LM Tomascik-Cheeseman, L Burnett, MS van Hummelen, P Wyrobek, AJ BE Bittner, ML Chen, YD Dorsel, AN Dougherty, ER TI A groundtruth approach to accurate quantitation of fluorescence microarrays SO MICROARRAYS: OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES AND INFORMATICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microarrays - Optical Technologies and Informatics CY JAN 21-22, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE groundtruth; cDNA; quantitative; expression; fluorescence; microarrays ID HYBRIDIZATION AB To more accurately measure fluorescent signals from microarrays, we calibrated our acquisition and analysis systems by using groundtruth samples comprised of known quantities of red and green gene-specific DNA probes hybridized to cDNA targets. We imaged the slides with a full-field, white light CCD imager and analyzed them with our custom analysis software. Here we compare, for multiple genes, results obtained with and without preprocessing (alignment, color crosstalk compensation, dark field subtraction, and integration time). We also evaluate the accuracy of various image processing and analysis techniques (background subtraction, segmentation, quantitation and normalization). This methodology calibrates and validates our system for accurate quantitative measurement of microarrays. Specifically, we show that preprocessing the images produces results substantially closer to the known groundtruth for these samples. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM kegelmeyer1@llnl.gov NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3944-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4266 BP 35 EP 45 DI 10.1117/12.427998 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BS86U UT WOS:000171277300004 ER PT S AU Baty, AM Diwu, ZJ Dunham, G Eastburn, CC Geesey, GG Goodman, AE Suci, PA Techkarnjanaruk, S AF Baty, AM Diwu, ZJ Dunham, G Eastburn, CC Geesey, GG Goodman, AE Suci, PA Techkarnjanaruk, S BE Doyle, RJ TI Characterization of extracellular chitinolytic activity in biofilms SO MICROBIAL GROWTH IN BIOFILMS, PT A: DEVELOPMENTAL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review ID GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; ENZYMATIC-ACTIVITY; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; COORDINATE ANALYSIS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; MARINE BACTERIUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; DEGRADATION; SUBSTRATE C1 WL Gore & Assoc Inc, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Mol Devices Corp, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. King Mongkuts Univ Technol, Natl Ctr Genet Engn & Biotechnol, Biochem Engn & Pilot Plant Res & Dev Unit, Bangkok 10150, Thailand. RP Baty, AM (reprint author), WL Gore & Assoc Inc, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [N01-DE-62611] NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 0-12-182237-0 J9 METHODS ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2001 VL 336 BP 279 EP 301 DI 10.1016/S0076-6879(01)36596-5 PG 25 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BS40S UT WOS:000169760800024 PM 11398405 ER PT S AU Visuri, S Benett, W Bettencourt, K Chang, J Fisher, K Hamilton, J Krulevitch, P Park, C Stockton, C Tarte, L Wang, A Wilson, T AF Visuri, S Benett, W Bettencourt, K Chang, J Fisher, K Hamilton, J Krulevitch, P Park, C Stockton, C Tarte, L Wang, A Wilson, T BE Mastrangelo, CH Becker, H TI Microfluidic sample preparation for immunoassays SO MICROFLUIDICS AND BIOMEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microfluidics and BioMEMS CY OCT 22-24, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Labs, Jet Propuls Lab DE microfluidics; MEMS; sample handling; dielectrophoresis AB Researchers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are developing means to collect and identify fluid-based biological pathogens in the forms of proteins, viruses, and bacteria. To support detection instruments, we are developing a flexible fluidic sample preparation unit. The overall goal of this Microfluidic Module is to input a fluid sample, containing background particulates and potentially target compounds, and deliver a processed sample for detection. We are developing techniques for sample purification, mixing, and filtration that would be useful to many applications including immunologic and nucleic acid assays. Many of these fluidic functions are accomplished with acoustic radiation pressure or dielectrophoresis. We are integrating these technologies into packaged systems with pumps and valves to control fluid flow through the fluidic circuit. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Visuri, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4288-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4560 BP 83 EP 89 DI 10.1117/12.443043 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BU48Q UT WOS:000176126600012 ER PT S AU Okandan, M Galambos, P Mani, S Jakubczak, J AF Okandan, M Galambos, P Mani, S Jakubczak, J BE Mastrangelo, CH Becker, H TI Development of surface micromachining technologies for Microfluidics and BioMEMS SO MICROFLUIDICS AND BIOMEMS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Microfluidics and BioMEMS CY OCT 22-24, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Labs, Jet Propuls Lab DE surface micromachining; silicon nitride; BioMEMS; microfluidics AB In the last decade, examples of devices manufactured with SUMMiT(TM) technology have demonstrated the capabilities of polysilicon surface micromachining [1]. Currently we are working on enhancements to this technology that utilize additional structural layers of silicon nitride to enable Microfluidics and BioMEMS applications. The addition of the silicon nitride layers allows the fabrication of microfluidic flow channels that are transparent (allowing observation of cellular motion) and insulating (allowing the placement of polysilicon electrodes at arbitrary locations in the flow channels). The goal of this technology development effort is to ultimately provide functionality that is not feasible with other microfabrication technologies. The enhancements build on the key features of surface micromachining: manufacturability and compatibility with CMOS processing, which allow us to leverage the investment already made in the microelectronics processing technology. In this paper we will present examples of devices fabricated using this new enhanced surface micromachining technology. These devices include pumps, valves, and a cell manipulator. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Okandan, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS 1080, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM mokanda@sandia.gov NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4288-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4560 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1117/12.443052 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BU48Q UT WOS:000176126600019 ER PT B AU Cook, K AF Cook, K BE Menzies, JW Sackett, PD TI Microlensing observations SO MICROLENSING 2000: A NEW ERA OF MICROLENSING ASTROPHYSICS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on a New Era in Microlensing Astrophysics CY FEB 21-25, 2000 CL CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SP S African Astron Observ AB Microlensing surveys are generally mounted to probe the lens population. The observation of microlensing is challenging because the probability of a background source being microlensed at a given time is generally less than 1-in-one-million for most lines of sight. In spite of this, a number of groups have mounted successful microlensing surveys and the study of microlensing has moved beyond its mere detection into more detailed characterization. I will present an overview of some of the techniques and technologies which have been developed to better detect and characterize microlensing events. Because microlensing is typically detected in crowded fields, significant developments in crowded field photometry and techniques to account for confusion and blending have been and continue to be made. Accurate photometry and/or astrometry has the potential to determine the most interesting parameters of microlensing such as the lens mass and distance, particularly for certain types of exotic microlensing. Microlensing studies can also probe for planets around the lensing objects, allow detailed study of the source star and even test gravitational theory. I will detail efforts toward these ends and plans for the future study of microlensing. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cook, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, MS L-413,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-076-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 239 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU31T UT WOS:000175678700003 ER PT B AU Cook, K AF Cook, K CA MACHO Collaboration BE Menzies, JW Sackett, PD TI MACHO results from 5.7 years of LMC observations SO MICROLENSING 2000: A NEW ERA OF MICROLENSING ASTROPHYSICS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on a New Era in Microlensing Astrophysics CY FEB 21-25, 2000 CL CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SP S African Astron Observ AB I will summarize the MACHO Collaboration's results from an analysis of 5.7 years of data monitoring 12 million stars toward the Large Magellanic Cloud for microlensing. We have utilized improved efficiency determinations, an improved likelihood analysis and a more thorough treatment of systematic errors. The events we have detected (13 to 17 depending upon analysis criteria) represent a clear excess of microlensing events over that expected from known populations. If this excess results from compact halo objects, it would represent objects of about 0.5 solar mass comprising about 20% of the halo dark matter. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cook, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, MS L-413,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-076-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 239 BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU31T UT WOS:000175678700008 ER PT B AU Popowski, P Alcock, C Allsman, RA Alves, DR Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Drake, AJ Freeman, KC Geha, M Griest, K Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Nelson, CA Peterson, BA Pratt, MR Quinn, PJ Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Tomaney, AB Vandehei, T Welch, D AF Popowski, P Alcock, C Allsman, RA Alves, DR Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Drake, AJ Freeman, KC Geha, M Griest, K Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Minniti, D Nelson, CA Peterson, BA Pratt, MR Quinn, PJ Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Tomaney, AB Vandehei, T Welch, D BE Menzies, JW Sackett, PD TI Galactic bulge microlensing events with clump giants as sources SO MICROLENSING 2000: A NEW ERA OF MICROLENSING ASTROPHYSICS SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on a New Era in Microlensing Astrophysics CY FEB 21-25, 2000 CL CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SP S African Astron Observ ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; BAADES WINDOW; ZERO-POINT; STARS; EXTINCTION; PHOTOMETRY; BAR AB We present preliminary results of the analysis of five years of MACHO data on the Galactic bulge microlensing events with clump giants as sources. In particular, we discuss: (1) the, selection of 'giant' events, (2) distribution of impact parameters, (3) distribution of event durations, (4) the concentration of long duration events in MACHO field 104 centered on (1, b) = (3degrees.1, -3degrees.0). We report the preliminary average optical depth of tau = (2.0 +/- 0.4) x 10(-6) (internal) at (l, b) = (3degrees.9, -3degrees.8). We discuss future work and prospects for building a coherent model of the Galaxy. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA USA. RP Popowski, P (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA USA. NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-076-5 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2001 VL 239 BP 244 EP 253 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BU31T UT WOS:000175678700027 ER PT S AU Mancini, DC Moldovan, NA Divan, R De Carlo, F Yaeger, J AF Mancini, DC Moldovan, NA Divan, R De Carlo, F Yaeger, J BE Karam, JM Yasaitis, J TI Process strategies for ultra-deep x-ray lithography at the advanced photon source SO MICROMACHINING AND MICROFABRICATION PROCESS TECHNOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology VII Conference CY OCT 22-24, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Labs, Jet Propuls Lab DE x-ray lithography; LIGA; micromachining ID LINEAR-ACCELERATOR CAVITIES; EXPOSURE; MASKS; PMMA AB For the past five years, we have been investigating and advancing processing capabilities for deep x-ray lithography (DXRL) using synchrotron radiation from a bending magnet at the Advanced Photon Source (APS), with an emphasis on ultra-deep structures (1mm. to I cm thick). The use of higher-energy x-rays has presented many challenges in developing optimal lithographic techniques for high-aspect ratio structures: mask requirements, resist preparation, exposure, development, and post-processing. Many problems are more severe for high-energy exposure of thicker films than for sub-millimeter structures and affect resolution, processing time, adhesion, damage, and residue. A number of strategies have been created to overcome the challenges and limitations of ultra-deep x-ray lithography (UDXRL), that have resulted in the current choices for mask, substrate, and process flow at the APS. We describe our current process strategies for UDXRL, how they address the challenges presented, and their current limitations. We note especially the importance of the process parameters for use of the positive tone resist PMMA for UDXRL, and compare to the use of negative tone resists such as SU-8 regarding throughput, resolution, adhesion, damage, and post-processing. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mancini, DC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4285-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4557 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.442984 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BT78S UT WOS:000174063300010 ER PT S AU Moldovan, N Auciello, O Sumant, AV Carlisle, JA Divan, R Gruen, DM Krauss, AR Mancini, DC Jayatissa, A Tucek, J AF Moldovan, N Auciello, O Sumant, AV Carlisle, JA Divan, R Gruen, DM Krauss, AR Mancini, DC Jayatissa, A Tucek, J BE Karam, JM Yasaitis, J TI Micromachining of ultrananocrystalline diamond SO MICROMACHINING AND MICROFABRICATION PROCESS TECHNOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Micromachining and Microfabrication Process Technology VII Conference CY OCT 22-24, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SolidState Technol, Sandia Natl Labs, Jet Propuls Lab ID NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; MICROWAVE PLASMAS; FILM GROWTH; THIN-FILMS; FABRICATION; PRECURSORS; MEMS; TEM AB Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) with grain sizes in the range of 2-5 run is produced using a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition process with argon-rich C-60 or CH4 plasmas. This material has excellent mechanical properties: high hardness and Young modulus, and an extremely low friction coefficient (similar to0.01). It is resistant to chemical attack, and is potentially biocompatible. These properties make UNCD a very good candidate for a diamond-based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. We report on the micromachinability of this material by selective seeding, selective growth and reactive ion etching, in conjunction with SiO2 sacrificial layers for fabricating 3-D structures with freestanding or movable parts. These micromachining techniques are used to develop a totally UNCD-made turbine as a demonstration for UNCD-based MEMS. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Moldovan, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4285-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4557 BP 288 EP 298 DI 10.1117/12.442958 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BT78S UT WOS:000174063300034 ER PT B AU Attwood, D Kubiak, G Sweeney, D Hector, S Gwyn, C AF Attwood, D Kubiak, G Sweeney, D Hector, S Gwyn, C GP JSAP\ JSAP\ JSAP\ TI Abstract for microprocessors and Nanotechnology 2001 October 31-November 2, 2001 - Matsue, Japan SO MICROPROCESSES AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2001, DIGEST OF PAPERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Microprocesses and Nanotechnology Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2001 CL KUNIBIKI MESSE, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Amer Vaccum Soc, Assoc Super-Adv Elect Technol, Inst Electr Engineers Japan, Inst Elect Informat & Commun Engineers, Japanese Soc Synchrontron Radiat Res, Japanese Soc Electron Microscopy, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Attwood, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SOCIETY APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA 5TH FLOOR KUDAN KITA BLDG 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102, JAPAN BN 4-89114-017-8 PY 2001 BP 78 EP 78 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU37Z UT WOS:000175849600039 ER PT B AU Divan, R Mancini, DC Moldovan, N Assoufid, L Chu, Y Ma, Q Rosenberg, RA AF Divan, R Mancini, DC Moldovan, N Assoufid, L Chu, Y Ma, Q Rosenberg, RA GP JSAP\ JSAP\ JSAP\ TI Patterned deposition of metallic nanoclusters from solution using synchrotron radiation SO MICROPROCESSES AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2001, DIGEST OF PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Microprocesses and Nanotechnology Conference CY OCT 31-NOV 02, 2001 CL KUNIBIKI MESSE, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Electron Device Soc, Amer Vaccum Soc, Assoc Super-Adv Elect Technol, Inst Electr Engineers Japan, Inst Elect Informat & Commun Engineers, Japanese Soc Synchrontron Radiat Res, Japanese Soc Electron Microscopy, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan AB High-energy x-rays produced by synchrotron radiation sources can induce nanocrystalline metallic deposition from a metal-salt solution onto an insulator. (1,2)This technique may have great potential for microfabrication technology and nanotechnology.(3) We have investigated patterned deposition of metallic nanoclusters on a silicon dioxide surface. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Divan, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JAPAN SOCIETY APPLIED PHYSICS PI TOKYO PA 5TH FLOOR KUDAN KITA BLDG 1-12-3 KUDAN-KITA CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 102, JAPAN BN 4-89114-017-8 PY 2001 BP 176 EP 177 DI 10.1109/IMNC.2001.984147 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BU37Z UT WOS:000175849600088 ER PT B AU Whyatt, GA TeGrotenhuis, WE Geeting, JGH Davis, JM Wegeng, RS Pederson, LR AF Whyatt, GA TeGrotenhuis, WE Geeting, JGH Davis, JM Wegeng, RS Pederson, LR BE Matlosz, M Ehrfeld, W Baselt, JP TI Demonstration of energy efficient steam reforming in microchannels for automotive fuel processing SO MICROREATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Microreaction Technology (IMRET 5) CY MAY 27-30, 2001 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE AB A compact, energy-efficient microchannel steam reforming system has been demonstrated. The overall volume of the reactor is 4.9 liters while that of the supporting network of heat exchangers is 1.7 liters(1). The reactor contains alternating reaction and combustion gas channels, arranged in crossflow, to provide heat to the reaction. Use of a microchannel configuration in the steam reforming reactor produces rapid heat and mass transport which enables fast kinetics for the highly endothermic reaction. The microchannel architecture also enables very compact and highly effective heat exchangers to be constructed. A network of microchannel heat exchangers allows recovery of heat in the reformate product and combustion exhaust streams for use in vaporizing water and fuel, preheating reactants to reactor temperature and preheating combustion air. As a result of the heat exchange network, the system exhaust temperatures are typically similar to50degreesC for the combustion gas and similar to130degreesC for the reformate product while the reactor is operated at 750degreesC. While reforming isooctane at a rate sufficient to supply a 13.7 kWe fuel cell, the system achieved 98.6% conversion with an estimated overall system efficiency after integration with WGS and PEM fuel cell of 44% (electrical output / LHV fuel). The efficiency estimate assumes integration with a WGS reactor (90% conversion CO to CO2 with 100% selectivity) and a PEM fuel cell (64% power conversion effectiveness with 85% H-2 utilization for an overall 54% efficiency) and does not include parasitic losses for compression of combustion air. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Whyatt, GA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-42498-9 PY 2001 BP 303 EP 312 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BU56C UT WOS:000176359000031 ER EF