FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Bobyshev, A AF Bobyshev, A BE Chen, HS TI Tools for distributed monitoring of the campus network with low latency time SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China AB In addition to deployment of the commercial management products, a number of public and self developed tools are successfully used at Fermilab for monitoring of the campus network. A suite of tools consisting of several programs running in a distributed environment to measure network parameters such as average round-trip time, traffic, throughput, error rate, DNS responses and others from different locations in the network is used. The system maintains a central archive of data, makes analysis and graphical representation available via a web-based interface. The developed tools are based on integration with well known public software RRD, Cricket, fping, iperf. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. RP Bobyshev, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 421 EP 423 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500113 ER PT B AU Bogart, J Favretto, D Giannitrapani, R AF Bogart, J Favretto, D Giannitrapani, R BE Chen, HS TI XML for detector description at GLAST SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE detector; GLAST; XML AB The problem of representing a detector in a form which is accessible to a variety of applications, allows retrieval of information in ways which are natural to those applications, and is maintainable has been vexing physicists for some time. Although invented to address an entirely different problem domain, the document markup metalanguage XML is well-suited to detector description. This paper describes its use for a GLAST detector.[7]. C1 SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Bogart, J (reprint author), SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 459 EP 462 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500124 ER PT B AU Kowalkowski, J Paterno, M AF Kowalkowski, J Paterno, M BE Chen, HS TI A generic digitization framework for the CDF simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE simulation; generic programming; frameworks; digitization AB Digitization from GEANT tracking requires a predictable sequence of steps to produce raw simulated detector readout information. We have developed a software framework that simplifies the development and integration of digitizers by separating the coordination activities (sequencing and dispatching) from the actual digitization process. This separation allows the developers of digitizers to concentrate on digitization. The framework provides the sequencing infrastructure and a digitizer model, which means that all digitizers are required to follow the same sequencing rules and provide an interface that fits the model. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kowalkowski, J (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 485 EP 489 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500130 ER PT B AU Ratnikova, NM Graham, GE AF Ratnikova, NM Graham, GE BE Chen, HS TI CMS software distribution and installation systems: Concepts, practical solutions and experience at Fermilab as a CMS tier 1 center SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China AB The CMS Collaboration of 2000 scientists involves 150 institutions from 31 nations spread all over the world. CMS software system integration and release management is performed at CERN. Code management is based on CVS, with read or write access to the repository via a CVS server. Software configuration, release management tools (SCRAM) are being developed at CERN. Software releases are then distributed to regional centers, where the software is used by a local community for a wide variety of tasks, such as software development, detector simulation and reconstruction and physics analysis. Depending on specific application, the system environment and local hardware requirements, different approaches and tools are used for the CMS software installation at different places. This presentation describes concepts and practical solutions for a variety of ways of software distribution, with an emphasis on the CMS experience at Fermilab. Installation and usage of different models used for the production farm, for code development and for physics analysis are described. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ratnikova, NM (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 506 EP 509 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500135 ER PT B AU Wu, Y Legrand, IC Gaines, I O'Dell, V AF Wu, Y Legrand, IC Gaines, I O'Dell, V BE Chen, HS TI Simulating the farm production system using the MONARC simulation tool SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE MONARC; simulation; distributed computing; CMS production AB The simulation program developed by the "Models Of Networked Analysis at Regional Centers" (MONARC) project is a powerful and flexible tool for simulating the behavior of large scale distributed computing systems. In this study, we further validate this simulation tool in a large-scale distributed farm computing system. We also report the usage of this simulation tool to identify the bottlenecks and limitations of our farm system. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wu, Y (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500,MS 234, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 514 EP 517 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500137 ER PT B AU Calafiura, P Ma, H Marino, M Rajagopalan, S Quarrie, DR AF Calafiura, P Ma, H Marino, M Rajagopalan, S Quarrie, DR BE Chen, HS TI StoreGate: a data model for the ATLAS software architecture SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE transient data model; template meta-programming AB ATLAS[1] has recently joined Gaudi, an open project to develop a data processing framework for HEP experiments[2]. The data model is one of the areas where ATLAS has extended more the original Gaudi design to meet the experiment's own requirements. This paper describes StoreGate, the first implementation of the ATLAS Data Model. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Calafiura, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 522 EP 525 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500139 ER PT B AU O'Grady, C Perazzo, A Swain, J AF O'Grady, C Perazzo, A Swain, J BE Chen, HS TI Monitoring the BaBar data acquisition system SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE monitor; DAQ; UDP; ROOT; multicast AB The BaBar data acquisition system (DAQ) transports data from the detector front end electronics to short term disk storage. A monitoring application (VMON) has been developed to monitor the one hundred and ninety computers in the dataflow system. Performance information for each CPU is collected and multicast across the existing data transport network. The packets are currently collected by a single UNIX workstation and archived. A ROOT based GUI provides control and displays the DAQ performance in real time. The same GUI is reused to recover archived VMON data. VMON has been deployed and constantly monitors the BaBar dataflow system. It has been used for diagnostics and provides input to models projecting future performance. The application has no measurable impact on data taking, responds instantaneously on the human timescale to requests for information display, and uses only 3% of a 300MHz Sun Ultra5 CPU. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP O'Grady, C (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 551 EP 555 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500146 ER PT B AU Wu, JY AF Wu, JY BE Chen, HS TI Architecture design of trigger and DAQ system for Fermilab CKM experiment SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE architecture; DAQ; trigger AB The Fermilab CKM (E921) experiment studies a rare kaon decay which has a very small branching ratio and can be very hard to separate from background processes. A trigger and DAQ system is required to collect all necessary information for background rejection and to maintain high reliability at high beam rate. The unique challenges have emphasized the following guiding concepts: (1) Collecting background is as important as collecting good events. (2) A DAQ "event" should not be just a "snap shot" of the detector. It should be a short history record of the detector around the candidate event. The hit history provides information to understand temporary detector blindness, which is extremely important to the CKM experiment. (3) The main purpose of the trigger system should not be "knocking down trigger rate" or "throwing out garbage events". Instead, it should classify the events and select appropriate data collecting strategies among various predefined ones for the given types of the events. The following methodologies are employed in the architecture to fulfill the experiment requirements without confronting unnecessary technical difficulties. (1) Continuous digitization near the detector elements is utilized to preserve the data quality. (2) The concept of minimum synchronization is adopted to eliminate the needs of time matching signal paths. (3) A global level I trigger performs coincident and veto functions using digital timing information to avoid problems due to signal degrading in long cables. (4) The DAQ logic allows to collect chronicle records around the interesting events with different levels of detail of ADC information, so that very low energy particles in the veto systems can be best detected. (5) A re-programmable hardware trigger (L2.5) and a software trigger (L3) sitting in the DAQ stream are planned to perform data selection functions based on full detector data with adjustability. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Wu, JY (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 579 EP 582 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500154 ER PT B AU Meyer, A AF Meyer, A BE Chen, HS TI The CDF data acquisition system for Tevatron run II SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE data acquisition; colliders AB The CDF experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron has been significantly upgraded for the collider Run II, which started in March 2001 and is scheduled to last until 2006. Instantaneous luminosities of 10(32) cm(-2) s(-1) and above are expected. A data acquisition system capable of efficiently recording the data has been one of the most critical elements of the upgrade. Key figures are the abilility to deal with the short bunch spacing of 132 ns, event sizes of the order of 250kB, and permanent logging of 20MB/s. The design of the system and experience from the first months of data-taking operation are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Meyer, A (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 597 EP 600 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500159 ER PT B AU Fuess, S Begel, M Genser, D Guglielmo, G Litmaath, M Moore, C Snyder, S Yu, J Zhang, D AF Fuess, S Begel, M Genser, D Guglielmo, G Litmaath, M Moore, C Snyder, S Yu, J Zhang, D BE Chen, HS TI The DZERO online system event path SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE data acquisition; data logging; data monitoring AB The Online computing system for the DZERO experiment is used to control, monitor, and acquire data from the approximately 1-million channel detector. This paper describes the Online Host system event data path requirements and design. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fuess, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 624 EP 627 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500166 ER PT B AU Gottschalk, EE Appell, J Bapty, T Barnes, J Brennan, T Butler, J Cancelo, G Cheung, H Christian, DC Haney, M Iyer, RK Kalbarczyk, Z Kaplan, DM Karsai, G Kasper, P Lebrun, P Li, XN McBride, P Mosse, D Neema, S Oh, J Pavlicek, V Pordes, R Petravick, D Selen, M Sheldon, P Stone, S Selove, W Votava, M Wang, MHLS AF Gottschalk, EE Appell, J Bapty, T Barnes, J Brennan, T Butler, J Cancelo, G Cheung, H Christian, DC Haney, M Iyer, RK Kalbarczyk, Z Kaplan, DM Karsai, G Kasper, P Lebrun, P Li, XN McBride, P Mosse, D Neema, S Oh, J Pavlicek, V Pordes, R Petravick, D Selen, M Sheldon, P Stone, S Selove, W Votava, M Wang, MHLS BE Chen, HS TI The BTeV DAQ and trigger system - Some throughput, usability and fault tolerance aspects SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE data acquisition; real time; trigger AB As presented at the last CHEP conference, the BTeV triggering and data collection pose a significant challenge in construction and operation, generating 1.5 Terabytes/second of raw data from over 30 million detector channels. We report on facets of the DAQ and trigger farms, We report on the current design of the DAQ, especially its partitioning features to support commissioning of the detector. We are exploring collaborations with computer science groups experienced in fault tolerant and dynamic real-time and embedded systems to develop a system to provide the extreme flexibility and high availability required of the heterogeneous trigger farm (similar to ten thousand DSPs and commodity processors). We describe directions in the following areas: system modeling and analysis using the Model Integrated Computing approach to assist in the creation of domain-specific modeling, analysis, and program synthesis environments for building complex, large-scale computer-based systems; System Configuration Management to include compileable design specifications for configurable hardware components, schedules, and communication maps; Runtime Environment and Hierarchical Fault Detection/Management - a system-wide infrastructure for rapidly detecting, isolating, filtering, and reporting faults which will be encapsulated in intelligent active entities (agents) to run on DSPs, L2/3 processors, and other supporting processors throughout the system. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gottschalk, EE (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. OI Li, Xiaonan/0000-0003-2857-0219 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 628 EP 631 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500167 ER PT B AU Chen, J Akers, W Chen, Y Watson, W AF Chen, J Akers, W Chen, Y Watson, W BE Chen, HS TI Java parallel secure stream for grid computing SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE Java parallel stream security SSL X.509 grid AB The emergence of high speed wide area networks makes grid computing a reality. However grid applications that need reliable data transfer still have difficulties to achieve optimal TCP performance due to network tuning of TOP window size to improve the bandwidth and to reduce latency on a high speed wide area network. This paper presents a pure Java package called JPARSS (Java Parallel Secure Stream) that divides data into partitions that are sent over several parallel Java streams simultaneously and allows Java or Web applications to achieve optimal TOP performance in a gird environment without the necessity of tuning the TOP window size. Several experimental results are provided to show that using parallel stream is more effective than tuning TOP window size. In addition X.509 certificate based single sign-on mechanism and SSL based connection establishment are integrated into this package. Finally a few applications using this package will be discussed. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, High Performance Comp Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, High Performance Comp Grp, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 668 EP 671 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500177 ER PT B AU Malon, D May, E Vaniachine, A Resconi, S Shank, J Youssef, S AF Malon, D May, E Vaniachine, A Resconi, S Shank, J Youssef, S BE Chen, HS TI Grid-enabled data access in the ATLAS athena framework SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE grid; replica management; catalog services; virtual data AB Athena is the common framework used by the ATLAS experiment for simulation, reconstruction, and analysis. By design, Athena supports multiple persistence services, and insulates users from technology-specific persistence details. Athena users and even most Athena package developers should neither know nor care whether data come from the grid or from local filesystems, nor whether data reside in object databases, in ROOT or ZEBRA files, or in ASCII files. In this paper we describe how Athena applications may transparently take advantage of emerging services provided by grid software today-how data generated by Athena jobs are registered in grid replica catalogs and other collection management services, and the means by which input data are identified and located in a grid-aware collection management environment. We outline an evolutionary path toward incorporation of grid-based virtual data services, whereby locating data may be replaced by locating a recipe according to which that data may be generated. Several implementation scenarios, ranging from low-level grid catalog services (e.g., from Globus) through higher-level services such as the Grid Data Management Pilot (under development as part of the European DataGrid project, in collaboration with the Particle Physics Data Grid) to more conventional database services, and a common architectuxe to support these various scenarios, are also described. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RP Malon, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. RI Vanyashin, Aleksandr/H-7796-2013 OI Vanyashin, Aleksandr/0000-0002-0367-5666 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 684 EP 687 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500181 ER PT B AU Allcock, W Chervenak, A Foster, I Pearlman, L Welch, V Wilde, M AF Allcock, W Chervenak, A Foster, I Pearlman, L Welch, V Wilde, M BE Chen, HS TI Globus toolkit support for distributed data-intensive science SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China AB In high-energy physics, terabyte and soon petabyte-scale data collections are emerging as critical community resources. A new class of "Data Grid" infrastructure is required to support distributed access to and analysis of these datasets by potentially thousands of users. Data Grid technology is being deployed in numerous experiments through collaborationssuch as the EU DataGrid, the Grid Physics Network, and the Particle Physics Data Grid [1]. The Globus Toolkit is a widely used set of services designed to support the creation of these Grid infrastructures and applications. In this paper we survey the Globus technologies that will play a major role in the development and deployment of these Grids. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Allcock, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 692 EP 695 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500183 ER PT B AU Nevski, P Wenaus, T Vaniachine, A AF Nevski, P Wenaus, T Vaniachine, A BE Chen, HS TI Bilevel architecture for high-throughput computing SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE bilevel architecture; fault tolerant resilience; high throughput computing; file replication AB We have prototyped and analyzed design of a novel approach for the high throughput computing - a core element for the emerging HENP computational grid. Independent event processing in HENP is well suited for computing in parallel, The prototype facilitates use of inexpensive mass-market components by providing fault tolerant resilience (instead of the expensive total system reliability) via highly scalable management components. The ability to handle both hardware and software failures on a large dedicated HENP facility limits the need for user intervention. A robust data management is especially important in HENP computing since large data-flows occur before and/or after each processing task. The architecture of our active object coordination schema implements a multi-level hierarchical agent model. It provides fault tolerance by splitting a large overall task into independent atomic processes, performed by lower level agents, synchronizing each other via a local database. Necessary control functions performed by higher level agents interact with the same database thus managing distributed data production. The system has been tested in production environment for simulations in the STAR experiment at RHIC. Our architectural prototype controlled processes on more than a hundred processors at a time and has run for extended periods of time. Twenty terabytes of simulated data have been produced. The generic nature of our two level architectural solution for the fault tolerance in distributed environment has been demonstrated by its successful test for the grid file replication services between BNL and LBNL. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nevski, P (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Vanyashin, Aleksandr/H-7796-2013 OI Vanyashin, Aleksandr/0000-0002-0367-5666 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 696 EP 698 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500184 ER PT B AU Loken, SC McParland, C AF Loken, SC McParland, C BE Chen, HS TI Workflow management for a cosmology collaboratory SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China AB The Nearby Supernova Factory Project will provide a unique opportunity to bring together simulation and observation to address crucial problems in particle and nuclear physics. Its goal is to significantly enhance our understanding of the nuclear processes in supernovae and to improve our ability to use both Type Ia and Type II supernovae as reference light sources (standard candles) in precision measurements of cosmological parameters. Over the past several years, astronomers and astrophysicists have been conducting in-depth sky searches with the goal of identifying supernovae in their earliest evolutionary stages and, during the 4 to 8 weeks of their most "explosive" activity, measure their changing magnitude and spectra. The search program currently under development at LBNL is an earth-based observation program utilizing observational instruments at Haleakala and Mauna Kea, Hawaii and Mt. Palomar, California. This new program provides a demanding testbed for the integration of computational, data management and collaboratory technologies. A critical element of this effort is the use of emerging workflow management tools to permit collaborating scientists to manage data processing and storage and to integrate advanced supernova simulation into the real-time control of the experiments. This paper describes the workflow management framework for the project, discusses security and resource allocation requirements and reviews emerging tools to support this important aspect of collaborative work. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Loken, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 720 EP 723 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500191 ER PT B AU Loebel-Carpenter, L Lueking, L Moore, C Pordes, R Trumbo, J Veseli, S Terekhov, I Vranicar, M White, S White, V AF Loebel-Carpenter, L Lueking, L Moore, C Pordes, R Trumbo, J Veseli, S Terekhov, I Vranicar, M White, S White, V BE Chen, HS TI SAM and the Particle Physics Data Grid SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China AB The D0 experiment's data and job management system software, SAM, is an operational prototype of many of the concepts being developed for Grid computing. We explain how the components of SAM map into the Data Grid architecture. We discuss the future use of Grid components to either replace existing components of SAM or to extend its functionality and utility; work being carried out as part of the Particle Physics Data Grid (PPDG) project. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Loebel-Carpenter, L (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Comp Div, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 724 EP 729 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500192 ER PT B AU Loebel-Carpenter, L Lueking, C Merritt, W Moore, C Pordes, R Terekhov, I Trumbo, J Veseli, SN Vranicar, M White, SP White, V AF Loebel-Carpenter, L Lueking, C Merritt, W Moore, C Pordes, R Terekhov, I Trumbo, J Veseli, SN Vranicar, M White, SP White, V BE Chen, HS TI Resource management in SAM - The D0 data grid SO PROCEEDINGS OF CHEP 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics (CHEP 01) CY SEP 03-07, 2001 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Inst High Energy Phys, Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China DE data management; data access; grid enabled system; resource management; fair share allocation AB One of the key components of any grid architecture is managing compute and storage resources and optimizing their utilization. SAM has implemented features that allow it to exercise a "fair share" and "prioritized" policy among many groups of users. The goals are as follows: 1) implement the experiments policies for resource usage by research group and by data access mode, and 2) optimize the resource usage to maximize the overall throughput defined in terms of real data processing activity. At the lowest level of SAM architecture, called the station, the SAM system integrates the data delivery and cache management with the job control and scheduling of the batch system. At the sit-level, for example at Fermilab, requests for data from on-site stations are managed to optimize Mass Storage System resources and network throughput. Management of resources at a various geographic levels are discussed. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Loebel-Carpenter, L (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI MONMOUTH JUNCTION PA 2031 US HIGHWAY 130 STE F, MONMOUTH JUNCTION, NJ 08852-3014 USA BN 1-880132-77-X PY 2001 BP 730 EP 735 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BU64P UT WOS:000176592500193 ER PT S AU Schultze, JF Hemez, FM Doebling, SW Sohn, H AF Schultze, JF Hemez, FM Doebling, SW Sohn, H GP SPIE SPIE TI Statistical based non-linear model updating using feature extraction SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB This research presents a new method to improve analytical model fidelity for non-linear systems. The approach investigates several mechanisms to assist the analyst in updating an analytical model based on experimental data and statistical analysis of parameter effects. The first is a new approach at data reduction called feature extraction. This is an expansion of the update metrics to include specific phenomena or character of the response that is critical to model application. This is an extension of the classical linear updating paradigm of utilizing the eigen-parameters or FRF's to include such devices as peak acceleration, time of arrival or standard deviation of model error. The next expansion of the updating process is the inclusion of statistical based parameter analysis to quantify the effects of uncertain or significant effect parameters in the construction of a mete-model. This provides indicators of the statistical variation associated with parameters as well as confidence intervals on the coefficients of the resulting meta-model. Also included in this method is the investigation of linear parameter effect screening using a partial factorial variable array for simulation. This is intended to aid the analyst in eliminating from the investigation the parameters that do not have a significant variation effect on the feature metric. Finally an investigation of the model to replicate the measured response variation is examined. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, ESA, EA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schultze, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, ESA, EA, M-S P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 18 EP 26 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300004 ER PT S AU Sohn, H Farrar, CR Hunter, NF AF Sohn, H Farrar, CR Hunter, NF GP SPIE SPIE TI Data normalization issue for vibration-based structural health monitoring SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB The process of implementing a damage detection strategy for aerospace, civil and mechanical engineering systems is often referred to as structural health monitoring. In this paper, the structural health monitoring problem is cast in the context of a statistical pattern recognition paradigm. This pattern recognition process is composed of four portions: 1.) Operational evaluation; 2.) Data acquisition & cleansing; 3.) Feature selection & data compression, and 4.) Statistical model development for feature classification, This paper mainly focuses on the discussion of feature extraction and classification issues using the fiber optic strain gauge data obtained from two different structural conditions of a surface-effect fast patrol boat. The main objective is to extract features and to construct a statistical model that distinguishes the signals recorded under the different structural conditions of the boat. The feature extraction process began by looking at relatively simple statistics of the signals and progressed to using the residual errors from auto-regressive (AR) models fit to the measured data as the damage-sensitive features. Data normalization proved to be the most challenging portion of this investigation. A novel approach to data normalization, where the residual errors in the AR model are considered to be an unmeasured input and an auto-regressive model with exogenous inputs (ARX) is then fit to portions of the data exhibiting similar waveforms, was successfully applied to this problem. With this proposed procedure, a clear distinction between the two different structural conditions was achieved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sohn, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Engn Anal Grp, M-S C926, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 432 EP 437 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300068 ER PT S AU Mayes, RL AF Mayes, RL GP SPIE SPIE TI A post processing algorithm to add damping to undamped model responses SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB In linear finite element models, proportional damping is often used. In general this does not produce results that match experimental measurements. Modal damping is a much better option, but sometimes is inconvenient. It may be cumbersome to calculate ail the modes and keep track of what damping should be applied to each mode. If an explicit code is used, the modes are not available directly, so modal damping cannot be applied. A new approximate algorithm is demonstrated which allows the damping to be applied to undamped model response time histories. The damping is applied in user chosen frequency bands to as high a frequency as desired. Different damping may be applied to each response location. The method is demonstrated to be virtually equivalent to applying modal damping in bands. Examples are shown for a two degree of freedom spring-mass-damper system and a finite element model with 100 modes in the bandwidth. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mayes, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Engn Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 678 EP 682 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300105 ER PT S AU Jensen, SA Hale, LC AF Jensen, SA Hale, LC GP SPIE SPIE TI Application of constrained-layer damping to a precision kinematic coupling SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB This paper addresses the need to support a very precise optical instrument while causing essentially no influence to its natural shape. Such influences could come from a number of sources, such as manufacturing tolerances, temperature changes, over-constrained structural members, or ground motion. Kinematic couplings have long been used for purposes of repeatable location and minimal influence to the supported object, however these couplings typically offer very little damping. This paper presents a kinematic coupling that utilizes constrained-layer damping, techniques to damp out the first three modes of vibration of a precision optical instrument. Finite element analysis was used to aid in the design and tuning of the dampers for the kinematic coupling. Experimental tests were conducted and confirmed the effectiveness of the dampers. The quality factor (Q), which measure the amplification at resonance, dropped from 33.3 to 5.9 on the first mode, from 156.3 to 7.1 on the second mode, and from 147.1 to 18.5 on the third mode. These dampers help to ensure that the stringent vibration requirements necessary to produce high quality optical images are met. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jensen, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 690 EP 697 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300107 ER PT S AU Farrar, CR Cornwell, PJ AF Farrar, CR Cornwell, PJ GP SPIE SPIE TI The Los Alamos Dynamics Summer School SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB A unique summer educational program focusing on engineering dynamics has been developed and implemented at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The purpose of this summer school is to expose a select group of students to the broad field of engineering dynamics with the hopes that they will be motivated to pursue this area of research in their graduate studies. The summer school activities included 1) lectures on various engineering topics such as computational structural dynamics, experimental modal analysis, random vibrations, signal processing, etc., 2) a distinguished lecturer series ii, which prominent guest lecturers gave talks about "cutting edge research" in structural dynamics, 3) field trips and 4) an eight week project having both an analytical and an experimental component. This paper presents an overview of the program. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Farrar, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, MS P-946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 950 EP 954 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300148 ER PT S AU Hemez, FM Wilson, AC Doebling, SW AF Hemez, FM Wilson, AC Doebling, SW GP SPIE SPIE TI Design of computer experiments for improving an impact test simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB This paper gives an overall presentation of a research project pursued at Los Alamos National Laboratory for the validation of numerical simulations for engineering structural dynamics. An impact experiment used to develop and test the model validation methodology is presented. Design of experiments techniques are implemented to perform parametric studies using the numerical model and improve its predictive quality. The analysis relies on correlation study where input parameters responsible for explaining the total variability of the numerical experiment are identified, then, updated. The quality of the model is assessed via its ability to reproduce the same statistics as those inferred from the experiment data sets. Throughout the paper, a particular emphasis is placed on presenting the contribution to this project of Amanda Wilson, undergraduate student at Texas Tech University, and research assistant at Los Alamos in the summer of 2000 in conjunction with the Los Alamos Dynamics Summer School. The model validation project is described in greater details in the companion paper [1]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Engn Anal Grp, ESA,EA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hemez, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Engn Anal Grp, ESA,EA, POB 1663,M-S P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 977 EP 985 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300152 ER PT S AU Mayes, RL Klenke, SE AF Mayes, RL Klenke, SE GP SPIE SPIE TI Consolidation of modal parameters from several extraction sets SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB Experienced experimentalists have gone through the process of attempting to identify a final set of modal parameters from several different sets of extracted parameters. Usually, this is done by visually examining the mode shapes. With the advent of automated modal parameter extraction algorithms such as SMAC (Synthesize Modes and Correlate), very accurate extractions can be made to high frequencies. However, this process may generate several hundred modes that then must be consolidated into a final set of modal information. This has motivated the authors to generate a set of tools to speed the process of consolidating modal parameters by mathematical (instead of visual) means. These tools help quickly identify the best modal parameter extraction associated with several extractions of the same mode. The tools also indicate how many different modes have been extracted in a nominal frequency range and from which references. The mathematics are presented to achieve the best modal extraction of multiple modes at the same nominal frequency. Improvements in the SMAC graphical user interface and database are discussed that speed and improve the entire extraction process. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Expt Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mayes, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Expt Struct Dynam Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 1023 EP 1028 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300159 ER PT S AU Hemez, FM Doebling, SW AF Hemez, FM Doebling, SW GP SPIE SPIE TI Model validation and uncertainty quantification - A Special Session of the SD-2000 (Structural Dynamics 2000) Forum SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB This session offers an open forum to discuss issues and directions of research in the areas of model updating, predictive quality of computer simulations, model validation and uncertainty quantification. Technical presentations review the state-of-the-art in nonlinear dynamics and model validation for structural dynamics. A panel discussion introduces the discussion on technology needs, future trends and challenges ahead with an emphasis placed on soliciting participation of the audience. One of the goals is to show, through invited contributions, how other scientific communities are approaching and solving difficulties similar to those encountered in structural dynamics. The session also serves the purpose of presenting the on-going organization of technical meetings sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy and dedicated to health monitoring, damage prognosis, model validation and uncertainty quantification in engineering applications. The session is part of the SD-2000 Forum, a forum to identify research trends, funding opportunities and to discuss the future of structural dynamics. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Engn Anal Grp ESA EA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hemez, FM (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Engn Anal Grp ESA EA, POB 1663,M-S P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 1153 EP 1158 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300178 ER PT S AU Butler, TA Hemez, FM Schultze, J Sohn, H Doebling, SW AF Butler, TA Hemez, FM Schultze, J Sohn, H Doebling, SW GP SPIE SPIE TI Model validation for a complex jointed structure SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB An overview of the modeling and validation of a complex engineering simulation performed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory is presented. The application discussed represents the highly transient response of an assembly with complex joints subjected to an impulsive load. The primary sources of nonlinearity were the contact mechanics. Several tests were conducted to assess the degree of experimental uncertainty, the variability of the geometry of the test article and its assembly procedures, and to provide reference data for model validation. After presenting the experiment and the corresponding numerical simulation, several issues of model validation are addressed. They include data reduction, feature extraction, design of computer experiments, statistical effects analysis, and model updating. It is shown how these tools can help the analyst gain confidence regarding the predictive quality of the simulation. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Engn Anal Grp, ESA EA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Butler, TA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Engn Anal Grp, ESA EA, POB 1663,M-S P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 1318 EP 1324 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300201 ER PT S AU Rodriguez, EA Pepin, JE Thacker, BH Riha, DS AF Rodriguez, EA Pepin, JE Thacker, BH Riha, DS GP SPIE SPIE TI Probabilistic structural response of a valve assembly to high impact loading SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB Engineers at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) are currently developing capabilities, in cooperation with Southwest Research Institute, to provide reliability-based structural evaluation techniques for performing weapon component and system reliability assessments. The development and applications of Probabilistic Structural Analysis Methods (PSAM) is an important ingredient in the overall weapon reliability assessments. Focus, herein, is placed on the uncertainty associated with the structural response of an explosive actuated valve-piston assembly. The probabilistic dynamic response of the piston upon impact is evaluated through the coupling of the probabilistic code NESSUS (Numerical Evaluation of Stochastic Structures Under Stress) [1] with the non-linear structural dynamics code, ABAQUS/Explicit [2]. The probabilistic model includes variations in piston mass and geometry, and mechanical properties, such as Young's Modulus, yield strength, and flow characteristics. Finally, the probability of exceeding a specified strain limit, which is related to piston fracture, is determined. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rodriguez, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 1325 EP 1331 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300202 ER PT S AU Pepin, JE Rodriguez, EA Thacker, BH Riha, DS AF Pepin, JE Rodriguez, EA Thacker, BH Riha, DS GP SPIE SPIE TI Probabilistic structural response with geometric shape uncertainties under collapse loading SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB Engineers at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) are currently developing the capability to provide a reliability-based structural evaluation technique for performing weapon reliability assessments. To enhance the analyst's confidence with these new methods, an integrated experiment and analysis project has been developed. The uncertainty associated with the collapse response of commercially available spherical marine float is evaluated with the aid of the non-linear explicit dynamics code DYNA3D([1]) coupled with the probabilistic code NESSUS[2] (Numerical Evaluation of Stochastic Structures Under Stress). Variations in geometric shape parameters and uncertainties in material parameters are characterized and included in the probabilistic model. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pepin, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 1332 EP 1338 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300203 ER PT S AU Macek, RW Hill, LT AF Macek, RW Hill, LT GP SPIE SPIE TI A probabilistic structural analysis methodology for estimating system reliability during impact loading SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB The reliability of an existing weapon system has been evaluated for new impact environments and a new delivery system. For this system the traditional worst case approach to reliability was modified to incorporate the probability of occurrence of the environments because a costly redesign was not felt to be justifiable if the probability of experiencing the worst case environments was sufficiently small. Thousands of deterministic finite element simulations using an experimentally calibrated model were performed to populate the system response data base from which the reliability was determined. The system reliability was computed as a function of the probability of the impact severity and was found to be within an acceptable range. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Macek, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 1339 EP 1341 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300204 ER PT S AU Rodriguez, EA Girrens, SP AF Rodriguez, EA Girrens, SP GP SPIE SPIE TI Forum discussion on probabilistic structural analysis methods SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB The use of Probabilistic Structural Analysis Methods (PSAM) has received much attention over the past several decades due in part to enhanced reliability theories, computational capabilities, and efficient algorithms. The need for this development was already present and "waiting at the door step." Automotive design and manufacturing has been greatly enhanced because of PSAM and reliability methods, including reliability-based optimization. This demand was also present in the US Department of Energy (DOE) weapons laboratories in support of the overarching national security responsibility of maintaining the nations nuclear stockpile in a safe and reliable state. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rodriguez, EA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 1342 EP 1343 PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300205 ER PT S AU Lobitz, DW Gregory, DL Smallwood, DO AF Lobitz, DW Gregory, DL Smallwood, DO GP SPIE SPIE TI Comparison of finite element predictions to measurements from the Sandia Microslip Experiment SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB When embarking on an experimental program for purposes of discovery and understanding, it is only prudent to use appropriate analysis tools to aid in the discovery process. Due to the limited scope of experimental measurement analytical results can significantly complement the data after a reasonable validation process has occurred. In this manner the analytical results can help to explain certain measurements, suggest other measurements to take and point to possible modifications to the experimental apparatus. For these reasons it was decided to create a detailed nonlinear finite element model of the Sandia Microslip Experiment. This experiment was designed to investigate energy dissipation due to microslip in bolted joints and to identify the critical parameters involved. In an attempt to limit the microslip to a single interface a complicated system of rollers and cables was devised to clamp the two slipping members together with a prescribed normal load without using a bolt. An oscillatory tangential load is supplied via a shaker. The finite element model includes the clamping device in addition to the sequence of steps taken in setting up the experiment. The interface is modeled using Coulomb friction requiring a modest validation procedure for estimating the coefficient of friction. Analysis results have indicated misalignment problems in the experimental procedure, identified transducer locations for more accurate measurements, predicted complex interface motions including the potential for galling, identified regions where microslip occurs and during which parts of the loading cycle it occurs, all this in addition to the energy dissipated per cycle. A number of these predictions have been experimentally corroborated in varying degrees and are presented in the paper along with the details of the finite element model. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lobitz, DW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Engn Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 1388 EP 1394 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300213 ER PT S AU Hartin, JR AF Hartin, JR GP SPIE SPIE TI Application of a wavelet based FRF to the analysis of a bilinear structure SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB Fourier-based methods are the present standard for calculation of frequency response functions and modal analysis, but standard Fourier methods are not well suited for the analysis of nonlinear or non-stationary behavior. A wavelet-based technique that calculates complex, time-varying frequency response functions (FRFs) for input/output relationships has been developed. The method uses a simple tone-like Grossman-Morlet wavelet that has unique resolution characteristics optimized to zoom-in on different portions of the time-frequency spectrum. The method is used to determine time varying frequency responses and mode shapes for a ten degree-of-freedom bilinear structure. Some characteristics of nonlinear normal mode behavior like bifurcated resonant peaks and localized modes are illustrated. The method holds promise for analysis of nonlinear input-output systems with time-varying responses, and could be a powerful tool for condition monitoring or damage detection. This method represents a unique, fundamental advance in time frequency measurement techniques since a time varying transfer function is computed rather than direct response time-frequency decomposition. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Measurement Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hartin, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Measurement Technol Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 1414 EP 1419 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300217 ER PT S AU Yue, PC Chen, SE Monazam, ER AF Yue, PC Chen, SE Monazam, ER GP SPIE SPIE TI Sensitivity analysis of vibration testing of ceramic candle filters SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB Ceramic candle filters are stiff cylindrical structures arranged in rosettes in a hot gas vessel. The filter elements are subjected to cycles of heating and cooling of very high temperature gradients during the pulse cleaning cycles. As a result, the stiffness of the filters degrades over time. Modal testing has been proposed for in-situ damage detection. To evaluate the proposed approach, a sensitivity study on mass and modulus of elasticity effect is conducted. In this study, ceramic candle filters are treated as hollow beams. The shift in natural vibration frequencies is used as a sensitivity indicator for other parameters, such as weight and modulus of elasticity. It is found that the actual vibration frequencies measured are fit best by a combined Euler-Bernoulli flexural and shear bending theory. The results show that the mass effect (such as a thin dust layer remains on the filter surface) can significantly impact on the measured vibration frequencies and should be considered carefully in the development of the in-situ measurement technique. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Yue, PC (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 1635 EP 1641 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300251 ER PT S AU Field, RV Red-Horse, JR Paez, TL AF Field, RV Red-Horse, JR Paez, TL GP SPIE SPIE TI Utilizing computational probabilistic methods to derive shock specifications in a nondeterministic environment SO PROCEEDINGS OF IMAC-XIX: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Model Analysis Conference CY FEB 05-08, 2001 CL KISSIMMEE, FL SP Soc Expt Mech Inc AB Certain classes of engineering systems must be designed to survive operational shock environments which are difficult or impossible to describe in a comprehensive fashion. The shock response spectrum (SRS), a common measure of the severity of a shock signal, is frequently used in this situation as a standard for system qualification. Typically, the SRS is calculated by performing a series of extreme-level shock tests that are assumed to envelope the operating environment of the system. If the system can survive these tests, the SRS from each test are combined in some conservative manner to derive a single spectrum. Often, a deterministic safety factor is then applied to this composite SRS, resulting in a reference specification for design qualification. It has been shown, however that use of the SRS in this manner can lead to an imbalance in marginal reliability. Nevertheless, this technique remains the industry's standard means of assessing system response in a shock environment. In this article, techniques utilizing computational probabilistic methods are proposed to derive a analytically-based reference SRS that prescribes a balanced level of marginal reliability In addition, it provides a technically sound procedure for constructing design specifications in a nondeterministic shock environment. For illustrative purposes, the method is applied to a soil penetration system consisting of a nonlinear transient dynamics calculation performed on a complex finite element structural mechanics model coupled with a spherical cavity expansion representation of the soil medium. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9124, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Field, RV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9124, MS 0847, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-72-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4359 BP 1730 EP 1736 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS11E UT WOS:000168694300265 ER PT B AU Tuttle, BA Yang, P Bourbina, MF Venturini, EL Nicolaysen, SD Olson, W Samara, GA AF Tuttle, BA Yang, P Bourbina, MF Venturini, EL Nicolaysen, SD Olson, W Samara, GA BE Streiffer, SK Gibbons, BJ Tsurumi, T TI Miniaturized domain engineered multilayer actuators SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF 2000) CY JUL 21-AUG 02, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason, Ferroelectr & Frequency Control Soc ID PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS AB PMN/PT 67/33 < 100 > single crystals were evaluated under high drive conditions from ambient to 80 degreesC for miniaturized multilayer actuator (MLA)applications. Multilayer actuators were fabricated under identical processing conditions using two different materials: (1) single crystal PMN/PT (SCPMN) and (2) hot-pressed PZT-5A. Five layer SCPMN actuators with individual element sizes of 3 nun X 3mm X 0.25 mm have measured displacements on the order of 3 mum at 20 kV/cm unipolar field. While superior strain behavior was observed for the PMN/PT single crystals at ambient, at higher operating temperatures (50 degreesC to 80 degreesC), the performance declined. Insights into both device performance and the different physics governing normal ferroelectric and domain engineered materials with temperature were obtained by two techniques: (1) high field ac impedance analysis (0.6 to 8 kV/cm ac) and (2) analysis of dielectric transformation behavior with hydrostatic pressure (0 to 2 GPa). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tuttle, BA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS1405,1515 Eubank Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5941-0 PY 2001 BP 125 EP 128 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS91S UT WOS:000171370100025 ER PT B AU Gibbons, BJ Findikoglu, AT Jia, QX Reagor, DW AF Gibbons, BJ Findikoglu, AT Jia, QX Reagor, DW BE Streiffer, SK Gibbons, BJ Tsurumi, T TI Electrically tunable microwave devices prepared by rf-magnetron sputtering SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS, VOLS I AND II LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF 2000) CY JUL 21-AUG 02, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, Ultrason, Ferroelectr & Frequency Control Soc ID THIN-FILMS; SRTIO3 AB In this work, we have used the Warren-Averbach method to analyze the x-ray diffraction patterns of several Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) epitaxial thin films deposited via 90 degrees off-axis rf-magnetron sputtering. This method allows for the determination of the coherent strains, incoherent strains, crystallite sizes, and defect densities in these films. Results indicate that for BST (60/40) films, the incoherent strain normal to the substrate is smaller on LAO compared to MgO for films 200 Angstrom - 3000 Angstrom thick. However, the opposite relationship holds for the coherent strains. The thickest films showed dielectric constants of 1350 and 925 on MgO and LAO, respectively (at 1 MHz). All showed dielectric loss on the order of 0.007 with the room temperature tunability being 3 times greater for the films on MgO. In-plane measurements of the coherent strain were also completed, showing good agreement with theoretical predictions of the effects of strain on the dielectric properties. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercond Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Gibbons, BJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Supercond Technol Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5941-0 PY 2001 BP 201 EP 204 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BS91S UT WOS:000171370100040 ER PT B AU Zemanian, TS Fryxell, GE Liu, J Mattigod, S Shin, Y Franz, JA Ustyugov, O Nie, ZM AF Zemanian, TS Fryxell, GE Liu, J Mattigod, S Shin, Y Franz, JA Ustyugov, O Nie, ZM GP IEEE IEEE TI Chemical functionalization of nanostructured materials using supercritical reaction media SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 1ST IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO 2001) CY OCT 28-30, 2001 CL MAUI, HI SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Ind Electr Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc DE mesoporous; supercritical fluid; silane; self assembled monolayer ID MOLECULAR-SIEVES AB There exists a need for durable and thin functional coatings to utilize the afforded surface area of highly porous ceramic materials. Deposition of silane-based Self Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) has thus far been limited to maximum coverages of 4-5 molecules/nm(2) and long processing times (up to 2 weeks), due to the restricted internal geometry of the substrates. Results are presented for SAMs deposited on high surface area silica from supercritical fluids (SCFs). The SAMs so produced display unprecedented coverages, high monolayer integrity, and extremely low surface defect density. Moreover, the depositions and subsequent removal of reaction by products are complete in a matter of minutes rather than days. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra of the surface modified silica are presented, demonstrating the SAM integrity and evolution over time. Sorption of aqueous metal ions is demonstrated, and results are given demonstrating the broad pH stability of the deposited SAMs. A chemical explanation for the enhanced deposition is posited, and the kinetics of mass transport into and out of the nanostructured spaces are discussed. Related experiments using zeolite substrates show deposition of thiol-terminated silanes to internal surfaces of 6 Angstrom microporous material. After oxidation of the thiol functional group size selective chemistry was demonstrated using the produced catalyst, proving the efficacy of the supercritical reaction medium for installing functional coatings inside pores of similar diameters to the chain length of the deposited molecule [1]. Comparisons are made between the response of the different substrates to the supercritical fluid-based processing, and remarks on the utility of SCF based processing of nanostructured materials are presented. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Zemanian, TS (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7215-8 PY 2001 BP 288 EP 292 DI 10.1109/NANO.2001.966435 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BT59Y UT WOS:000173446400054 ER PT S AU Driessen, BJ Sadegh, N Kwok, KS AF Driessen, BJ Sadegh, N Kwok, KS GP AACC AACC AACC TI Optimization-based drift prevention for learning control of underdetermined linear and weakly Nonlinear time-varying systems SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC DE iterative learning control; drift-prevention; underdetermined; optimization; robust ID ROBOTS AB In this paper an optimization-based method of drift prevention is presented for learning control of underdetermined linear and weakly nonlinear time-varying dynamic systems. By defining a fictitious cost function and the associated model-based sub-optimality conditions, a new set of equations results, whose solution is unique, thus preventing large drifts from the initial input. Moreover, in the limiting case where the modeling error approaches zero, the input that the proposed method converges to is the unique feasible (zero error) input that minimizes the fictitious cost function, in the linear case, and locally minimizes it in the (weakly) nonlinear case. Otherwise, under mild restrictions on the modeling error, the method converges to a feasible sub-optimal input. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Driessen, BJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-6495-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2001 BP 908 EP 911 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BT65Z UT WOS:000173663300158 ER PT S AU Dixon, WE Dawson, DM Costic, BT de Queiroz, MS AF Dixon, WE Dawson, DM Costic, BT de Queiroz, MS GP AACC AACC AACC TI Towards the standardization of a MATLAB-based control systems laboratory experience for undergraduate students SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC AB This paper seeks to begin a discussion with regard to developing standardized Computer Aided Control System Design (CACSD) tools that are typically utilized in an undergraduate controls laboratory. The advocated CACSD design tools are based on the popular, commercially available MATLAB environment, the Simulink toolbox, and the Real-Time Workshop toolbox. The primary advantages of the proposed approach are as follows: 1) the required computer hardware is low cost, 2) commercially available plants from different manufacturers can be supported under the same CACSD environment with no hardware modifications, 3) both the Windows and Linux operating systems can be supported via the MATLAB based Real-Time Windows Target and the Quality Real Time Systems (QRTS) based Real-Time Linux Target, and 4) the Simulink block diagram approach can be utilized to prototype control strategies; thereby eliminating the need for low level programming skills. It is believed that the above advantages related to standardization of the CA CSD design tools will facilitate: 1) the sharing of laboratory resources within each university (ie., between departments) and 2) the development of Internet laboratory experiences for students (i.e., between universities). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dixon, WE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, POB 2008-6305, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-6495-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2001 BP 1161 EP 1166 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BT65Z UT WOS:000173663300202 ER PT S AU Schoenwald, DA Feddema, JT Oppel, FJ AF Schoenwald, DA Feddema, JT Oppel, FJ GP AACC AACC AACC TI Decentralized control of a collective of autonomous robotic vehicles SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-6 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN CONTROL CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT American Control Conference (ACC) CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Amer Automat Control Council, IFAC AB In this paper, the performance of a group of autonomous vehicles tracking a prescribed goal is analyzed. The vehicles are considered to be ground-based unmanned robots acting as a group to maintain an unbroken communication network in a building or some other region. Vehicle interactions are modeled as a chain of interconnected systems. The stability of the entire collective as well as individual vehicles is studied using large-scale systems theory. Stability can be controlled via two key parameters: vehicle speed constant (maximum vehicle speed times sample time) and vehicle interaction gain. In addition to the stability analysis, simulation of a group of vehicles in a building with walls, doors, and other obstacles is studied with respect to maintaining a communication network among the vehicles at all times. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schoenwald, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-1619 BN 0-7803-6495-3 J9 P AMER CONTR CONF PY 2001 BP 2087 EP 2092 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BT65Z UT WOS:000173663300368 ER PT B AU Dixon, WE Zergeroglu, E Dawson, DM Costic, BT AF Dixon, WE Zergeroglu, E Dawson, DM Costic, BT GP IEEE IEEE TI Repetitive learning control: A Lyapunov-based approach SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTROL APPLICATIONS (CCA'01) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Control Applications CY SEP 05-07, 2001 CL Mexico City, MEXICO SP IEEE Control Syst Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, European Union Control Assoc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers ID ROBOTIC MANIPULATORS; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; CONSTRAINED MANIPULATORS; CONTROL SCHEME; ROBUSTNESS; TRACKING; MOTION; FORCE AB In this paper, a learning-based feedforward term is developed to solve a general control problem in the presence of unknown nonlinear dynamics with a known period. Since the learning-based feedforward term is generated from a straightforward Lyapunov-like stability analysis. the control designer can utilize other Lyapunov-based design techniques to develop hybrid control schemes that utilize learning-based feedforward terms to compensate for periodic dynamics and other Lyapunov-based approaches (e.g., adaptive-based feedforward terms) to compensate for non-periodic dynamics. To illustrate this point, a hybrid adaptive/learning control,scheme is utilized to achieve global asymptotic link position tracking for a robot manipulator. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dixon, WE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Robot & Proc Syst Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6733-2 PY 2001 BP 530 EP 535 DI 10.1109/CCA.2001.973921 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BT55V UT WOS:000173316300094 ER PT S AU Wessendorf, KO AF Wessendorf, KO GP IEEE IEEE TI The active-bridge oscillator for use with liquid loaded QCM sensors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & PDA EXHIBITION SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exhibition CY JUN 06-08, 2001 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE Ultrason Ferroelect & Frequency Control Soc, EIA Electr Components Assemblies & Mat Assoc AB This unique bridge-type oscillator design permits liquid-loaded operation of QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) resonators with a simple, low parts count and inexpensive oscillator. This is achieved using "active-bridge" operation, which eliminates the need for the expensive and complex ALC (automatic level control) circuits typically used in high-performance oscillators designed for these applications. The Active-Bridge oscillator absorbs the wide dynamic range of resonator loss by varying the circuit operating Q as a function of the resonator loss. The output amplitude is relatively proportional to resonator loss. This design has demonstrated the ability to servo a loaded QCM resonator to within a few degrees of zero impedance-phase over a wide range of resonator loss, 300 Omega to approximately 3k Omega. This corresponds roughly to a liquid viscosity range of 1 to 120 cP, assuming a density close to one. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wessendorf, KO (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 0-7803-7028-7 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2001 BP 400 EP 407 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2001.956260 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BU18C UT WOS:000175262100070 ER PT S AU Sokhansanj, BA Fitch, JP AF Sokhansanj, BA Fitch, JP GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI URC fuzzy modeling and simulation of gene regulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-4: BUILDING NEW BRIDGES AT THE FRONTIERS OF ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE SE PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY OCT 25-28, 2001 CL ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP Natl Sci Fdn, TUBITAK, Sci & Tech Res Ctr Turkey, ISIK Univ, COMNET, EREL Techno Grp, GUZEL SANATLAR Printinghouse, JOHNSON&JOHNSON Med, PFIZER, SIEMENS Med, TURKCELL Iletism Hizmetler A S, ALSTOM Elect Ltd Co, GANTEK Technol & SUN Microsyst, TURCOM Co Grp DE gene function; gene regulation; fuzzy logic; simulation; modeling; microbiology AB Recent technological advances in high-throughput data collection give biologists the ability to study increasingly complex systems. A new methodology is needed to develop and test biological models based on experimental observations and predict the effect of perturbations of the network (e.g. genetic engineering, pharmaceuticals, gene therapy). Diverse modeling approaches have been proposed, in two general categories: modeling a biological pathway as (a) a logical circuit or (b) a chemical reaction network.Boolean logic models can not represent necessary biological details. Chemical kinetics simulations require large numbers of parameters that are very difficult to accurately measure. Based on the way biologists have traditionally thought about systems, we propose that fuzzy logic is a natural language for modeling biology. The Union Rule Configuration (URC) avoids combinatorial explosion in the fuzzy rule base, allowing complex system models. We demonstrate the fuzzy modeling method on the commonly studied lac operon of E. coli. Our goal is to develop a modeling and simulation approach that can be understood and applied by biologists without the need for experts in other fields or "black-box" software. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sokhansanj, BA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-687X BN 0-7803-7211-5 J9 P ANN INT IEEE EMBS PY 2001 VL 23 BP 2918 EP 2921 PN 1-4 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Neurosciences SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Computer Science; Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BV41G UT WOS:000178871900795 ER PT S AU Greenbaum, E Humayun, MS Kuritz, T Lee, JW Sanders, CA Bruce, B Millsaps, J Lee, I AF Greenbaum, E Humayun, MS Kuritz, T Lee, JW Sanders, CA Bruce, B Millsaps, J Lee, I GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Application of photosynthesis to artificial sight SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY, VOLS 1-4: BUILDING NEW BRIDGES AT THE FRONTIERS OF ENGINEERING AND MEDICINE SE PROCEEDINGS OF ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE-Engineering-in-Medicine-and-Biology-Society CY OCT 25-28, 2001 CL ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP Natl Sci Fdn, TUBITAK, Sci & Tech Res Ctr Turkey, ISIK Univ, COMNET, EREL Techno Grp, GUZEL SANATLAR Printinghouse, JOHNSON&JOHNSON Med, PFIZER, SIEMENS Med, TURKCELL Iletism Hizmetler A S, ALSTOM Elect Ltd Co, GANTEK Technol & SUN Microsyst, TURCOM Co Grp DE artificial sight; photosynthesis; reaction centers AB Using the technique of Kelvin force microscopy, we have performed the first measurements of photovoltages from single photosynthetic reaction centers (1). The measured values, typically 1 V or more, are sufficiently large to trigger a neural response. The goal of this project is insertion of purified Photosystem I (PSI) reaction centers or other photoactive agents into retinal cells where they will restore photoreceptor function to people who suffer from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or retinitis pigmentosa (RP), diseases that are the leading causes of blindness world-wide. Although the neural wiring from eye to brain is intact, these patients lack photoreceptor activity. It is the ultimate goal of this proposal to restore photoreceptor activity to these patients using PSI as the optical trigger. In principle, the approach should work. PSI is a robust integral membrane molecular photovoltaic device. Depending on orientation, it can depolarize or hyperpolarize the cell membrane with sufficient voltage to trigger an action potential. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Greenbaum, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1094-687X BN 0-7803-7211-5 J9 P ANN INT IEEE EMBS PY 2001 VL 23 BP 4089 EP 4091 PN 1-4 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Neurosciences SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Computer Science; Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BV41G UT WOS:000178871901131 ER PT S AU Zhang, SB Branz, HM AF Zhang, SB Branz, HM BE Miura, N Ando, T TI A novel biexcitonic, non-radiative electron-hole recombination mechanism and its application in hydrogenated silicon semiconductors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS, PTS I AND II SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS25) CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Osaka Prefecture, Osaka City AB A biexciton model is proposed for non-radiative electron hole (e-h) recombination in semiconductors based on first-principles calculations. In hydrogenated Si, the trapping of photoexcited e-h pairs drives large structural reconfiguration, accompanied by the crossing of an electron and a hole level near midgap. This level crossing is the key to a fast and non-radiative recombination, without the slow multi-phonon emission processes. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhang, SB (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-41778-8 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2001 VL 87 BP 184 EP 185 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BS98H UT WOS:000171592800079 ER PT S AU Zhang, SB Wei, SH AF Zhang, SB Wei, SH BE Miura, N Ando, T TI Nitrogen solubility and nitrogen induced defect complexes in epitaxially grown GaAsN SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 25TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS, PTS I AND II SE SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS25) CY SEP 17-22, 2000 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Sci Council Japan, Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Osaka Prefecture, Osaka City AB Thermodynamic calculation suggests that the formation of bulk GaN pins N chemical potential mu (N) < mu (max)(N) resulting in low equilibrium N solubility [N]. First-principles calculations show that in the epitaxial regime one can increase AN considerably from equilibrium mu (max)(N) without triggering the spontaneous formation of the surface GaN layer. This enhances [N] by 8 orders of magnitude to about 4% at T = 650 degrees C, in good agreement with experiments. The type and characteristics of the dominant defects at the high N concentration are qualitatively different from those at low [N]. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zhang, SB (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Krausnick, Jennifer/D-6291-2013; Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0930-8989 BN 3-540-41778-8 J9 SPRINGER PROC PHYS PY 2001 VL 87 BP 1493 EP 1494 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BS98H UT WOS:000171592800712 ER PT B AU Wendt, RL Aglan, H Barrows, TH AF Wendt, RL Aglan, H Barrows, TH GP FPS FPS TI Flood damage resistive r.esidential envelope systems testing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DURABILITY AND DISASTER MITIGATION IN WOOD-FRAME HOUSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Conference on Durability and Disaster Mitigation in Wood-Frame Housing CY NOV 06-08, 2000 CL MADISON, WI SP PATH Consortium Wood-Frame Housing, Forest Prod Soc AB This paper presents the history current status, and plans for a project to-test the flood damage resistance of various residential building systems under field conditions. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Tuskegee University are developing this three task project as part of the Partnership for Advancing Technology in Housing (PATH) with co funding from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the Department of Energy (DOE), and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Task I has accomplished the planning, design, and experimental protocol development for the:project. The design of the experimental facilities, test modules, and protocol development are reported in this paper. Task II, which is planned to start in 200 1, will test traditional residential systems and those with potential flood damage resistance under actual flooding and drying conditions. These tests may also be used by material producers and product evaluation organizations to evaluate current products and develop ones with enhanced properties. Task III will develop computer models to predict the performance of various materials and systems under a variety of flooding and drying. conditions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wendt, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 1-892529-16-5 PY 2001 BP 107 EP 114 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW03H UT WOS:000180674500019 ER PT B AU Wendt, RL Aglan, H Barrows, TH AF Wendt, RL Aglan, H Barrows, TH GP FPS FPS TI Flood damage resistive residential envelope systems testing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON DURABILITY AND DISASTER MITIGATION IN WOOD-FRAME HOUSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Annual Conference on Durability and Disaster Mitigation in Wood-Frame Housing CY NOV 06-08, 2000 CL MADISON, WI SP PATH Consortium Wood-Frame Housing, Forest Prod Soc C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wendt, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH SOC PI MADISON PA 2801 MARSHALL COURT, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 1-892529-16-5 PY 2001 BP 241 EP 241 PG 1 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Paper & Wood SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BW03H UT WOS:000180674500045 ER PT B AU Gailey, PC Hively, LM Protopopescu, VA AF Gailey, PC Hively, LM Protopopescu, VA BE Ding, M Ditto, W Pecora, LM Spano, ML TI Robust detection of dynamical change in scalp EEG SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH EXPERIMENTAL CHAOS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Experimental Chaos Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Off Naval Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Phillip Lab, Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise ID STRANGE ATTRACTORS; TIME-SERIES; CHAOS AB We present a robust, model-independent technique for measuring changes in the dynamics underlying nonlinear time-serial data. We define indicators of dynamical change by comparing distribution functions on the attractor via LI-distance and chi (2) statistics. We apply the measures to scalp EEG data with the objective of capturing the transition between non-seizure and epileptic brain activity in a timely, accurate, and non-invasive mariner. We find a clear superiority of the new metrics in comparison to traditional nonlinear measures as discriminators of dynamical change. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gailey, PC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4561-0 PY 2001 BP 171 EP 177 DI 10.1142/9789812811516_0017 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics; Physics GA BT21Z UT WOS:000172293200017 ER PT B AU Vorobieff, P Ecke, RE AF Vorobieff, P Ecke, RE BE Ding, M Ditto, W Pecora, LM Spano, ML TI Growth of disordered features in a two-dimensional cylinder wake SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH EXPERIMENTAL CHAOS CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Experimental Chaos Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Off Naval Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Nonlinear Opt Ctr, Phillip Lab, Lothian & Edinburgh Enterprise ID FLOWING SOAP FILMS; CIRCULAR-CYLINDER; TURBULENCE; REGIME AB We investigate the behavior of a quasi-two-dimensional wake behind a circular cylinder inserted in a gravity-driven flow of soap film. For Reynolds numbers below 200, the near wake immediately downstream of the cylinder exhibits a well-known, highly-regular behavior (Benard - von Karman vortex street). Farther downstream, the wake transforms into a nearly-parallel shear flow, from which a secondary vortex street forms. With increasing downstream distance, the latter becomes disordered, and the flow begins to acquire features normally associated with two-dimensional turbulence (e.g. coarsening of the flow structure). We present instantaneous flow visualization showing this evolution, as well as the analysis of the regularity of the wake at different downstream distances. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vorobieff, P (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Mech Engn, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. OI Vorobieff, Peter/0000-0003-0631-7263 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4561-0 PY 2001 BP 395 EP 401 DI 10.1142/9789812811516_0038 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics; Physics GA BT21Z UT WOS:000172293200038 ER PT B AU Dai, S Yuan, CY Liang, CD Makote, RD Luo, HM AF Dai, S Yuan, CY Liang, CD Makote, RD Luo, HM BE Nianyi, C Zhiyu, Q TI Room-temperature ionic liquids for synthesis of advanced materials SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MOLTEN SALT CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Molten Salt Chemistry and Technology CY OCT 08-13, 2001 CL SHANGHAI, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Japanese Molten Salt Comm, Chinese Molten Salt Comm, Shanghai Univ ID MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES; CHLORIDE MOLTEN-SALT; AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; SILICA AEROGEL; SOLVENTS; CONDUCTIVITIES; VISCOSITIES; EXTRACTION AB A short review of our published results using ionic liquids for synthesis of advanced materials has been given. These results demonstrated superior performance of ionic liquids in synthesizing aerogels, nanocomposite materials, and liquid membranes. We expect that these new materials may find applications in areas such as separation, catalysis, and sensors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Liang, Chengdu/G-5685-2013; Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SHANGHAI UNIV PI SHANGHAI PA 149 YANCHANG RD, SHANGHAI 200072, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-81058-391-3 PY 2001 BP 419 EP 427 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA BU49Q UT WOS:000176147800084 ER PT B AU Vaidya, RU Byler, DE Gallegos, DE AF Vaidya, RU Byler, DE Gallegos, DE BE Lekkas, TD TI Disposal of carbondioxide in mineral form SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIOANL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL C, POSTERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology CY SEP 03-06, 2001 CL ERMOUPOLIS, GREECE AB Progress in developing methods of disposing carbondioxide in a safe and stable manners are discussed here. We are focussing on the use of mineral sepentenites as the starting materials for CO2 absorption. There are several advantages to our proposed method of permanent CO2 disposal. The disposal waste products are safe and thermodynamically stable, and are common in nature. They are known to be environmentally benign and non-hazardous. The disposal does not pose any legacy problems for future generations, and does not require monitoring (unlike underground injection disposal methods). By confining waste disposal to a mining site, we minimize the environmental impact. Our solution is permanent and complete. The availability of this technology guarantees the continued use of fossil fuels as an energy source for centuries to come. The most important advantage of our proposed disposal method is its low cost as compared to other techniques. Preliminary experiments and analysis have indicated that we would be able to realize a cost of $15US/tonne of CO2. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vaidya, RU (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV AEGEAN PI ATHENS PA VOULGAROKTONOU 30, ATHENS 114 72, GREECE PY 2001 BP 572 EP 579 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BU36R UT WOS:000175781000078 ER PT B AU Mezzacappa, A AF Mezzacappa, A BE Bahcall, J Haxton, W Kubodera, K Poole, C TI Supernova studies at ORLaND SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAROLINA SYMPOSIUM ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS: ITS IMPACT ON PARTICLE PHYSICS, ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Carolina Symposium on Neutrino Physics CY MAR 10-12, 2000 CL UNIV S CAROLINA, COLUMBIA, SC SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV S CAROLINA ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; R-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; NEUTRINO TRANSPORT; II SUPERNOVAE; EXPLOSIONS; CONVECTION; BOLTZMANN; STARS; HYDRODYNAMICS; DETECTORS AB A new facility to measure neutrino mass differences and mixing angles and neutrino-nucleus cross sections, such as the proposed ORLaND facility at Oak Ridge, would contribute to the experimental determination of vacuum mixing parameters and would provide an experimental foundation for the many neutrino-nucleus weak interaction rates needed in supernova models. This would enable more realistic supernova models and a far greater ability to cull fundamental physics from these models by comparing them with detailed observations. Charged- and neutral-current neutrino interactions on nuclei in the stellar core play a central role in supernova dynamics, nucleosynthesis, and neutrino detection. Measurements of these reactions on select, judiciously chosen targets would provide an invaluable test of the complex theoretical models used to compute the neutrino-nucleus cross sections. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mezzacappa, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Bldg 6010,MS 6354,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4472-X PY 2001 BP 36 EP 55 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BT25B UT WOS:000172421800004 ER PT B AU Rosen, SP AF Rosen, SP BE Bahcall, J Haxton, W Kubodera, K Poole, C TI Mass matrix for atmospheric, solar, and LSND neutrinos SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAROLINA SYMPOSIUM ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS: ITS IMPACT ON PARTICLE PHYSICS, ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Carolina Symposium on Neutrino Physics CY MAR 10-12, 2000 CL UNIV S CAROLINA, COLUMBIA, SC SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV S CAROLINA C1 US DOE, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Rosen, SP (reprint author), US DOE, Off Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4472-X PY 2001 BP 111 EP 114 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BT25B UT WOS:000172421800010 ER PT B AU Dean, DJ AF Dean, DJ BE Bahcall, J Haxton, W Kubodera, K Poole, C TI Calculating neutrino-nucleus interactions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CAROLINA SYMPOSIUM ON NEUTRINO PHYSICS: ITS IMPACT ON PARTICLE PHYSICS, ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Carolina Symposium on Neutrino Physics CY MAR 10-12, 2000 CL UNIV S CAROLINA, COLUMBIA, SC SP Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE HO UNIV S CAROLINA ID MODEL MONTE-CARLO; SHELL-MODEL; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; RATES AB I briefly review the role of weak interactions on nuclei. I then review the status of calculations necessary to provide high-quality results for a description of relevant experimental data that may come from the proposed ORLaND facility. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM deandj@ornl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-4472-X PY 2001 BP 258 EP 263 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BT25B UT WOS:000172421800024 ER PT B AU Hsueh, CH He, MY Becher, PF AF Hsueh, CH He, MY Becher, PF BE Yan, DS Guan, ZD TI Interfacial debonding versus fiber fracture in fiber-reinforced ceramic composites SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST CHINA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-PERFORMANCE CERAMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st China International Conference on High-Performance Ceramics CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1998 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Ceram Soc ID DISSIMILAR ELASTIC-MATERIALS; PULL-OUT STRESSES; CRACK DEFLECTION AB Toughening of fiber-reinforced ceramic composites by fiber pullout relies on debonding at the fiber/matrix interface prior to fiber fracture when composites are subjected to tensile loading. The criterion of interfacial debonding versus crack penetration has been analyzed for two semi-infinite elastic plates bonded at their interface. When a crack reaches the interface, the crack either deflects along the interface or penetrates into the next layer depending upon the ratio of the energy release rate for debOnding versus that for crack penetration. This criterion has been used extensively to predict interfacial debonding versus fiber fracture for a crack propagating in a fiber-reinforced ceramic composite. Two modifications were considered in the present study to address the debonding/fracture problem. First, we derived the analysis for a strip of fiber, which had a finite width and was sandwiched between two semi-infinite plates of matrix. It was found that the criterion of interfacial debonding versus fiber fracture depended on the fiber width. Second, a bridging fiber behind the crack tip was considered where the crack tip initially circumvented the fiber. Subsequent to this, either the interface debonded or the fiber fractured. In this case, we have considered a bridging-fiber geometry to establish a new criterion. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 3-540-67318-0 PY 2001 BP 71 EP 75 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BT01U UT WOS:000171631000015 ER PT B AU Sun, JG Wolosewicz, A Haselkorn, MH Ellingson, WA AF Sun, JG Wolosewicz, A Haselkorn, MH Ellingson, WA BE Yan, DS Guan, ZD TI Laser scattering detection and characterization of defects and machining damage in silicon nitride components SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST CHINA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-PERFORMANCE CERAMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st China International Conference on High-Performance Ceramics CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1998 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Ceram Soc AB It is known that surface and subsurface damage in machined silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramic components can significantly affect component strength and lifetime. Because Si3N4 may transmit some light into its subsurface, we have developed an elastic optical scattering technique to provide two-dimensional image data for detecting surface or subsurface defects and machining damage. This technique has been used to analyze diamond-ground Si3N4 specimens subjected to various machining conditions. The results were compared with photomicroscopy data for defect characterization and were correlated with machining conditions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sun, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 3-540-67318-0 PY 2001 BP 115 EP 119 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BT01U UT WOS:000171631000024 ER PT B AU Tetenbaum, M Diana, D Tani, BS Blander, M AF Tetenbaum, M Diana, D Tani, BS Blander, M BE Yan, DS Guan, ZD TI Thermodynamic and nonstoichiometric behavior of the GdBa2Cu3Ox system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST CHINA INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH-PERFORMANCE CERAMICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st China International Conference on High-Performance Ceramics CY OCT 31-NOV 03, 1998 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Ceram Soc ID OXYGEN PARTIAL-PRESSURE; THIN-FILMS; STOICHIOMETRY AB Electromotive force (EMF) measurements of oxygen fugacities as a function of stoichiometry have been made on the GdBa2Cu3Ot, system in the temperature range similar to 400-600 degreesC by means of an oxygen titration technique with an yttria-stabilised zirconia electrolyte. Equations for the variation of oxygen partial pressure with composition and temperature have been derived from our EMF measurements. The shape of the 400 degreesC isotherms as a function of oxygen stoichiometry for the Gd and Nd cuprate systems suggests the presence of miscibility gaps at values of x that are higher than those in the YBa2Cu3Ot system. For a given oxygen stoichiometry, oxygen partial pressures above Gd-123 and Nd-123 cuprate systems are higher (above x = 6.5) than that for the Y-123 system. A thermodynamic assessment and inter-comparison of our partial pressure measurements with the results of related measurements will be presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tetenbaum, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY PRESS PI BEIJING PA TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HAIDIANQU, BEIJING 100084, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 3-540-67318-0 PY 2001 BP 479 EP 482 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BT01U UT WOS:000171631000127 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Fang, HE AF Chen, Z Fang, HE TI A study on the link between coupled plasticity and damage and decohesion for multiscale modelling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART C-JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE plasticity and damage model; decohesion; multiscale modelling; material failure ID FAILURE AB To predict the transition from continuous to discontinuous failure modes, a bifurcation analysis is performed based on the continuum tangent stiffness tenser of a coupled plasticity and damage model. As a result, continuum damage and decohesion approaches can be combined for multiscale modelling of material failure. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Proc Modeling & Comptat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E2509 Engn Bldg E, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE,, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0954-4062 J9 P I MECH ENG C-J MEC JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C-J. Eng. Mech. Eng. Sci. PY 2001 VL 215 IS 3 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1243/0954406011520698 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 428UY UT WOS:000168481100002 ER PT J AU Chow, CL Yang, F Fang, HE AF Chow, CL Yang, F Fang, HE TI Damage mechanics characterization on the fatigue behaviour of a solder joint material SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART C-JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fatigue; damage mechanics; solder material; failure analysis ID ANISOTROPIC THEORY; CRACK INITIATION; CONTINUUM; SOLIDS; MODEL AB This paper presents the first part of a comprehensive mechanics approach capable of predicting the integrity and reliability of solder joint material under fatigue loading without viscoplastic damage considerations. A separate report will be made to present the comprehensive damage model describing life prediction of the solder material under thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) loading. The method is based on the theory of damage mechanics, which makes possible a macroscopic description of the successive material deterioration caused by the presence of microcracks/voids in engineering materials. A damage mechanics model based on the thermodynamic theory of irreversible processes with internal state variables is proposed and used to provide a unified approach in characterizing the cyclic behaviour of a typical solder material. With the introduction of a damage effect tensor, the constitutive equations are derived to enable the formulation of a fatigue damage dissipative potential function and a fatigue damage criterion. The fatigue evolution is subsequently developed on the basis of the hypothesis that the overall damage is induced by the accumulation of fatigue and plastic damage. This damage mechanics approach offers a systematic and versatile means that is effective in modelling the entire process of material failure, ranging from damage initiation and propagation leading eventually to macrocrack initiation and growth. As the model takes into account the load history effect and the interaction between plasticity damage and fatigue damage, with the aid of a modified general-purpose finite element program, the method can readily be applied to estimate the fatigue life of solder joints under different loading conditions. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Engn Mech, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Phys Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chow, CL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Engn Mech, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE,, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0954-4062 J9 P I MECH ENG C-J MEC JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C-J. Eng. Mech. Eng. Sci. PY 2001 VL 215 IS 8 BP 883 EP 892 DI 10.1243/0954406011524252 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 489BX UT WOS:000171973100002 ER PT J AU Bhatikar, SR Mahajan, RL Wipke, K Johnson, V AF Bhatikar, SR Mahajan, RL Wipke, K Johnson, V TI An artificial neural network module for simulation of the energy storage system of a hybrid electric vehicle SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART C-JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE artificial neural network; energy storage; hybrid electric vehicle ID MODELS AB A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a complex system integrating interactive subsystems of disparate degrees of complexity. The simulation of an HEV thus poses a challenge. An accurate simulation requires highly accurate models of each subsystem. Without these, the system has a poor overall performance. Typically, modelling problems are not amenable to physical solutions without simplifying assumptions that impair their accuracy. Conventional empirical models, on the other hand, are time consuming and data intensive and falter where extensive non-linearity is encountered. An artificial neural network (ANN) approach to simulation of an HEV is presented in this paper. An ANN model of the energy storage system (ESS) of an HEV was deployed in the ADVISOR simulation software developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratories (NREL) of the US Department of Energy. The ANN model mapped the state of charge (SOC) and the power requirement of the vehicle to the voltage and current at the ESS output. An ANN model was able accurately to capture the complex, non-linear phenomena underlying the ESS. A novel performance-enhancing technique for design of ANN training data, Smart Select, is described here. It resulted in a model of 0.9978 correlation (R-2 error) with data. ANNs can be data hungry. The issue of knowledge sharing between ANN models to save development time and effort is also addressed in this paper. The model transfer technique presents a way of levering the expertise of one ANN into the development of another for a similar modelling task. Lastly, integration of the ANN model of the ESS into the ADVISOR software, on the MATLAB software platform, is described. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Engn Mech, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Bhatikar, SR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Engn Mech, CB 427, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE,, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 0954-4062 J9 P I MECH ENG C-J MEC JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C-J. Eng. Mech. Eng. Sci. PY 2001 VL 215 IS C8 BP 919 EP 932 DI 10.1243/0954406011524289 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 489BX UT WOS:000171973100005 ER PT B AU Viswanathan, S Sabau, AS Han, Q Duncan, AJ AF Viswanathan, S Sabau, AS Han, Q Duncan, AJ BE Abbaschian, R Brody, H Mortensen, A TI Prediction of microporosity distributions in aluminum alloy castings SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE MERTON C FLEMINGS SYMPOSIUM ON SOLIDIFICATION AND MATERIALS PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Merton C Flemings Symposium on Solidification and Materials Processing CY JUN 28-30, 2000 CL CAMBRIDGE, MA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Mat Process & Mfg Div, MIT, Soc Francaise Met Mat, Japan Inst Met, ASM Int, Iron & Steel Inst Japan, Korean Inst Met & Mat, Mat Res Soc, Alcan Int Ltd, Allegheny Teledyne Inc, Idra Presse, MIT, Mat Process Lab, MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stahl Specialty Co, Teksid S PA, Nippon Steel ID POROSITY; LIQUID; FLOW AB The microporosity size and distribution determines the mechanical properties, notably the ductility and fatigue life, of structural aluminum alloy castings. As part of a program to develop optimized tooling for the design of the casting process for structural aluminum alloy components, constitutive models have been developed for predicting microporosity distribution. The permeability of interdendritic liquid in the mushy zone was evaluated, and the measured permeabilities were related to the solidification microstructure. A comprehensive methodology taking into account solidification, shrinkage-driven interdendritic fluid flow, hydrogen precipitation, and porosity evolution has been developed for the prediction of microporosity fraction and distribution. The predictions are validated by comparison with independent experimental measurements by other researchers. The models have been implemented in a framework consistent with those of commercial casting codes, allowing them to be easily incorporated in commercial casting simulation software. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Viswanathan, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-498-4 PY 2001 BP 379 EP 384 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Composites SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BS92W UT WOS:000171427400041 ER PT S AU ReVelle, DO AF ReVelle, DO BE Warmbein, B TI Theoretical Leonid entry modeling SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE METEOROIDS 2001 CONFERENCE SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meteoroids 2001 Conference CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS, KIURNA, SWEDEN SP European Space Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, Swedish Space Corp, Municipal Kiruna, Umea Univ, Dept Space Phys, Lulea Univ Technol, Wenner Gren Fdn, Langman Entrepreneurial Fdn, County Adm Board Norrbotten, Swedish Res Council HO SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS AB In this work we present a model originally developed by ReVelle (1979, 1993) that has been applied to model large Leonid bolides with a few relatively minor modifications and one major modification which allows for catastrophic "pancake: fragmentation processes as described below. The minor modifications include allowing the energy of ablation per unit mass for vaporization, Q(vap), to be a free variable that is adjusted until agreement is obtained between the theoretical model and the statistically expected ablation coefficient for the Leonids (Group IIIB type bolide). It was found that the Q(vap) had to be reduced by a factor of about five times compared to the accepted value of Q(vap) for cometary materials. Alternative ways of achieving this degree of agreement between theory and observations are also suggested as well. In a separate paper we apply this model to a specific Leonid bolide during the 1998 storm period. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP ReVelle, DO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, POB 1663,MS J577,EES-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-805-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 495 BP 149 EP 154 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT99B UT WOS:000174658200025 ER PT S AU ReVelle, D AF ReVelle, D BE Warmbein, B TI Large Leonid entry modeling: Application to the bolide of 11/17/1998 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE METEOROIDS 2001 CONFERENCE SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meteoroids 2001 Conference CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS, KIURNA, SWEDEN SP European Space Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, Swedish Space Corp, Municipal Kiruna, Umea Univ, Dept Space Phys, Lulea Univ Technol, Wenner Gren Fdn, Langman Entrepreneurial Fdn, County Adm Board Norrbotten, Swedish Res Council HO SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS AB In this paper we apply the theoretical entry model of ReVelle (2001c) to the large Leonid bolide of November 17, 1998. We modeled the entry both using hypersonic aerodynamics and compared the results to the infrasonic detection and interpretation of the event by ReVelle and Whitaker (1999). C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP ReVelle, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, POB 1663,MS J577, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-805-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 495 BP 179 EP 184 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT99B UT WOS:000174658200030 ER PT S AU Brown, P Hunt, S Close, S AF Brown, P Hunt, S Close, S BE Warmbein, B TI Astronomical and physical data for meteoroids recorded by the ALTAIR radar SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE METEOROIDS 2001 CONFERENCE SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meteoroids 2001 Conference CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS, KIURNA, SWEDEN SP European Space Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, Swedish Space Corp, Municipal Kiruna, Umea Univ, Dept Space Phys, Lulea Univ Technol, Wenner Gren Fdn, Langman Entrepreneurial Fdn, County Adm Board Norrbotten, Swedish Res Council HO SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS AB We present preliminary results of orbital and physical measurements of a small selection of meteoroids observed at UHF frequencies by the ALTAIR radar on Kwajalein island on November 17, 1998. The head echoes observed by ALTAIR allowed precise determination of velocities and decelerations from which orbits and masses of individual meteoroids derived from numerical modelling have been measured. During these observations, the ALTAIR radar detected average head echo rates of 1665 per hour. The effective system limiting magnitude is found to be between magnitude +10.5 and +11 corresponding to masses near 6 x 10(-10) kg using an observed mean velocity of our analyzed sample of 56 kms(-1). This compares favorably to a mean modelled initial mass from the observed decelerations of the largest events of near 2 x 10(-9) kg. All observations were made with the antenna beam pointing very near the center of the north apex sporadic source. The resulting orbits determined from modelling are largely consistent with the orbital characteristics of that source derived from other radar orbital surveys. Despite these observations occuring near the time of the expected Leonid maximum in 1998, no definite Leonids were detected in our analyzed sample. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J577, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-805-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 495 BP 469 EP 474 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT99B UT WOS:000174658200076 ER PT S AU ReVelle, DO AF ReVelle, DO BE Warmbein, B TI Global infrasonic monitoring of large bolides SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE METEOROIDS 2001 CONFERENCE SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meteoroids 2001 Conference CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS, KIURNA, SWEDEN SP European Space Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, Swedish Space Corp, Municipal Kiruna, Umea Univ, Dept Space Phys, Lulea Univ Technol, Wenner Gren Fdn, Langman Entrepreneurial Fdn, County Adm Board Norrbotten, Swedish Res Council HO SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS AB Using recent infrasonic data (1995-2001) and older infrasonic data recorded by AFTAC (19601974), we have refined our estimates of the global influx rate (cumulative influx) of large bolides with sufficient strength to deeply penetrate the atmosphere (below similar to50 km). The number of bolides arriving as a function of their initial source energy has been estimated from a least-squares curve-fit of our database of 19 bolides (for a source energy > 0.053 kt) with the resulting values and an estimate of the associated statistical counting errors: 30.3+/-6 bolides at greater than or equal to0.1 kt, 5.8+/-2 at greater than or equal to1 kt and 0.84+/-0.25 at greater than or equal to15 kt. In this work we also used these estimates to infer the recurrence interval for energy levels slightly outside the original source energy range, The Tunguska bolide of 1908 (similar to10 Mt) is a prime example of a previously observed body of great interest. Almost regardless of how we analyze the recent data, the conclusion is that bolides with Tunguska type energy levels should reoccur on the average every 120 10 years. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP ReVelle, DO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, POB 1663,MS J577, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-805-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 495 BP 483 EP 489 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT99B UT WOS:000174658200078 ER PT S AU ReVelle, DO AF ReVelle, DO BE Warmbein, B TI Bolide fragmentation processes: Single-body modeling versus the catastrophic fragmentation limit SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE METEOROIDS 2001 CONFERENCE SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meteoroids 2001 Conference CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS, KIURNA, SWEDEN SP European Space Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, Swedish Space Corp, Municipal Kiruna, Umea Univ, Dept Space Phys, Lulea Univ Technol, Wenner Gren Fdn, Langman Entrepreneurial Fdn, County Adm Board Norrbotten, Swedish Res Council HO SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS AB The catastrophic "pancake" fragmentation process, proposed as being generally applicable to very large meteoroid entry in the early 1990's by a number of workers, has been carefully examined. In this effort, the transition from the traditional single-body dynamics and energetics model to a catastrophic "pancake" fragmentation process has been delineated. The key parameters are the mu parameter originally proposed by Levin and the fragmentation scale height, H-f, which we have derived from L. It has been found that this break-up process can only occur for an optimum set of circumstances. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP ReVelle, DO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, POB 1663,MS J577, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-805-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 495 BP 491 EP 496 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT99B UT WOS:000174658200079 ER PT S AU Brown, P ReVelle, DO Hildebrand, AR AF Brown, P ReVelle, DO Hildebrand, AR BE Warmbein, B TI The Tagish Lake meteorite fall: Interpretation of fireball physical characteristics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE METEOROIDS 2001 CONFERENCE SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meteoroids 2001 Conference CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS, KIURNA, SWEDEN SP European Space Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, Swedish Space Corp, Municipal Kiruna, Umea Univ, Dept Space Phys, Lulea Univ Technol, Wenner Gren Fdn, Langman Entrepreneurial Fdn, County Adm Board Norrbotten, Swedish Res Council HO SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS ID CHONDRITE; POROSITY; BODIES AB We have analyzed available instrumental and eyewitness records associated with the fireball leading to the fall of the Tagish Lake meteorite. Initial chemical and physical studies of this carbonaceous chondrite have shown it, to be unique. It, is one of the most primitive meteorites yet recovered and is physically weak. By determining the meteoroid trajectory, velocity, and physical breakup in the atmosphere, we can characterise the fireball as intermediate between Type II and Type IIIa, following the classification of Ceplecha et al. (1998). Modelling suggests an initial porosity for the pre-atmospheric meteoroid in the range 40-60%. The initial fragmentation occurred under less than 0.3 MPa dynamic pressure. Determination of Tagish Lake's orbit, suggests a linkage to parent, bodies in the main asteroid belt, though association with Ericke-type comets cannot be strictly excluded. Tagish Lake may represent an intermediate object, between chondritic asteroids and cometary bodies consistent, with a linkage to D-class asteroids based on results from reflectance-spectra work. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J577, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-805-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 495 BP 497 EP 505 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT99B UT WOS:000174658200080 ER PT S AU ReVelle, DO Ceplecha, Z AF ReVelle, DO Ceplecha, Z BE Warmbein, B TI Bolide physical theory with application to pn and en fireballs SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE METEOROIDS 2001 CONFERENCE SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meteoroids 2001 Conference CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS, KIURNA, SWEDEN SP European Space Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, Swedish Space Corp, Municipal Kiruna, Umea Univ, Dept Space Phys, Lulea Univ Technol, Wenner Gren Fdn, Langman Entrepreneurial Fdn, County Adm Board Norrbotten, Swedish Res Council HO SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS ID FRAGMENTATION; BODIES AB Using data on 22 "precise bolides" with up to 882 individual points on their trajectories [4], [5], and using data on 29 "bright bolides" and on 10 artificial meteors [6], [8], [91, 110], we tried to derive the dependence of the ablation and shape-density coefficients, and of the luminous efficiency on various time dependent parameters. The only significant dependence we found was that on v(x) - v (the difference of the initial and instantaneous velocities). We present the results as Eq's 3, 4 and 8, with coefficients a(1), a(2), a(3), a(4), b(1), b(2), b(3),c(1),c(2) have been computed for a number of different bolide types. Also, the average values of the ablation, and shape-density coefficients as well as the average luminous efficiencies for individual bolide types are given. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP ReVelle, DO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, POB 1663,MS J577,EES-8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-805-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 495 BP 507 EP 512 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT99B UT WOS:000174658200081 ER PT S AU ReVelle, DO AF ReVelle, DO BE Warmbein, B TI Bolide dynamics and luminosity modeling: Comparisons between uniform bulk density and porous meteoroid models SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE METEOROIDS 2001 CONFERENCE SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meteoroids 2001 Conference CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS, KIURNA, SWEDEN SP European Space Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, Swedish Space Corp, Municipal Kiruna, Umea Univ, Dept Space Phys, Lulea Univ Technol, Wenner Gren Fdn, Langman Entrepreneurial Fdn, County Adm Board Norrbotten, Swedish Res Council HO SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS AB We compare predictions of bolide behavior using basic meteoroid models, first assuming a uniform bulk density throughout the body and secondly assuming a uniform chondritic composition throughout, but with varying amounts of porosity (assumed to be filled with either water-ice or open space). The second model is based one the uniformity of spectral observations over many years from shower meteors from the extremes of the Geminids to the dustball-like Draconids. The first model utilized is due to ReVelle (1979, 1993) and the second is based upon the porous meteoroid model of ReVelle (1983, 1993). The standard, uniform bulk density model assumes that the drag and heat transfer area are equivalent in the positive, shape change factor limit. For porous meteoroids however, the heat transfer area can exceed the drag area by increasingly larger amounts as the body s porosity increases. ReVelle (1983) used this approach to show that the bulk density and ablation parameter compositional group identifications of Ceplecha and McCrosky (1976) were essentially correct. When these factors are introduced into the relevant model equations, a set of nearly self-consistent predictive relations are developed which readily allows comparisons to be made of the end-height variations and of the normalized luminous output of the two basic meteoroid models. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP ReVelle, DO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, POB 1663,MS J577, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-805-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 495 BP 513 EP 517 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT99B UT WOS:000174658200082 ER PT S AU ReVelle, DO Ceplecha, Z AF ReVelle, DO Ceplecha, Z BE Warmbein, B TI Calculations of shape change and fragmentation parameters using very precise bolide data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE METEOROIDS 2001 CONFERENCE SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Meteoroids 2001 Conference CY AUG 06-10, 2001 CL SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS, KIURNA, SWEDEN SP European Space Agcy, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, Swedish Space Corp, Municipal Kiruna, Umea Univ, Dept Space Phys, Lulea Univ Technol, Wenner Gren Fdn, Langman Entrepreneurial Fdn, County Adm Board Norrbotten, Swedish Res Council HO SWEDISH INST SPACE PHYS AB Using the theoretical formalism of ReVelle (2001d), we have analyzed 22 European (EN) and US Prairie Network fireballs (PN) with the most precise trajectory information available for shape change and fragmentation effects. For 14 bolides the shape change parameter, mu, was always > 0 and for the other 8 cases there were instances of L < 0, but with large oscillations in its sign with height or time. When the shape change parameter, mu, was < 0, the fragmentation scale height was > 0 and in a few instances was briefly even smaller than the pressure scale height. This is the necessary condition in addition to the sufficient condition of L < 0 for the onset of the catastrophic fragmentation process ("pancake" break-up). A histogram of all computed L values indicates that an average value was < mu > congruent to 0.10, indicating that substantial shape change has taken place during entry for these bolides. This is fully consistent with the recent analyses of ReVelle and Ceplecha (200 1 g) of the changes in the shape-density coefficient, K, with time as well. Thus, the use of the mu = 2/3 (self-similar solution with no shape change) is not recommended for bolide modeling efforts. From our results we can conclude that most of the US DoD bolides can be successfully modeled using single-body theory without resorting to the "pancake" catastrophic fragmentation model that was "rediscovered" in the early 1990's by a number of workers. These researchers included Hills and Goda, Chyba, Thomas and Zahnle, etc. who specifically developed this break-up model for studying he impact into Jupiter of the huge Shoemaker Levy-9 comet. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP ReVelle, DO (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, POB 1663,MS J577, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ESA PUBLICATIONS DIVISION C/O ESTEC PI 2200 AG NOORDWIJK PA PO BOX 299, 2200 AG NOORDWIJK, NETHERLANDS SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-805-0 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 2001 VL 495 BP 551 EP 555 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT99B UT WOS:000174658200087 ER PT J AU Brandon, D Fonseca, I Swart, P AF Brandon, D Fonseca, I Swart, P TI Oscillations in a dynamical model of phase transitions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH SECTION A-MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS; CONSERVATION-LAWS; MICROSTRUCTURE; EQUATIONS AB The creation and propagation of oscillations in a model for the dynamics of fine structure under viscoelastic damping u(tt) = (u(x)(3) - u(x))(x) + betau(xxt) - alphau, alpha greater than or equal to 0, beta > 0 is studied. It is shown that oscillations in the velocity u(t) are lost immediately as time evolves, while oscillations in the initial strain u(x) cannot be created, and they persist for all time if initially present. Uniqueness of generalized solutions (Young measures) is obtained, and a characterization of these Young measures is provided in the case of periodic modulated initial data. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Math Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brandon, D (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Math Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RI Fonseca, Irene/B-8112-2017 OI Fonseca, Irene/0000-0002-7840-8175 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC EDINBURGH PI EDINBURGH PA 22-24 GEORGE ST, EDINBURGH EH2 2PQ, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 0308-2105 J9 P ROY SOC EDINB A JI Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. Sect. A-Math. PY 2001 VL 131 BP 59 EP 81 DI 10.1017/S0308210500000792 PN 1 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 414MV UT WOS:000167671200004 ER PT S AU Radeka, V AF Radeka, V BE Isabella, C TI Electronics for calorimeters at LHC SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP ON ELECTRONICS FOR LHC EXPERIMENTS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Royal Inst Technol AB Some principal design features of front-end electronics for calorimeters in experiments at the LHC will be highlighted. Some concerns arising in the transition from the research and development and design phase to the construction will be discussed. Future challenges will be indicated. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Radeka, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-188-0 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 5 BP 17 EP 24 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT99D UT WOS:000174658500004 ER PT S AU Zimmermann, S Cardoso, G Andresen, J Appel, JA Chiodini, G Christian, DC Hall, BK Hoff, J Kwan, SW Mekkaoui, A Yarema, R AF Zimmermann, S Cardoso, G Andresen, J Appel, JA Chiodini, G Christian, DC Hall, BK Hoff, J Kwan, SW Mekkaoui, A Yarema, R BE Isabella, C TI Development of a high density pixel multichip module at Fermilab SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP ON ELECTRONICS FOR LHC EXPERIMENTS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Royal Inst Technol AB dAt Fermilab, a pixel detector multichip module is being developed for the BTeV experiment. The module is composed of three layers. The lowest layer is formed by the readout integrated circuits (ICs). The back of the ICs is in thermal contact with the supporting structure, while the top is flip-chip bump-bonded to the pixel sensor. A low mass flex-circuit interconnect is glued on the top of this assembly, and the readout IC pads are wire-bounded to the circuit. This paper presents recent results on the development of a multichip module prototype and summarizes its performance characteristics. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Zimmermann, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-188-0 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 5 BP 62 EP 66 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT99D UT WOS:000174658500011 ER PT S AU Chiodini, G Appel, JA Cardoso, G Christian, DC Coluccia, MR Hoff, J Kwan, SW Mekkaoui, A Yarema, R Zimmermann, S AF Chiodini, G Appel, JA Cardoso, G Christian, DC Coluccia, MR Hoff, J Kwan, SW Mekkaoui, A Yarema, R Zimmermann, S BE Isabella, C TI Radiation tolerance studies of BTeV pixel readout chip prototypes. SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP ON ELECTRONICS FOR LHC EXPERIMENTS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Royal Inst Technol AB We report on several irradiation studies performed on BTeV preFPLX2 pixel readout chip prototypes exposed to a 200 MeV proton beam at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility. The preFPLX2 pixel readout chip has been implemented in standard 0.25 micron CMOS technology following radiation tolerant design rules. The tests confirmed the radiation tolerance of the chip design to proton total dose of 26 MRad. In addition, non destructive radiation-induced single event upsets have been observed in on-chip static registers and the single bit upset cross section has been measured. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Chiodini, G (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-188-0 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 5 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT99D UT WOS:000174658500012 ER PT S AU Cihangir, S Appel, JA Christian, D Chiodoni, G Reygadas, F Kwan, S AF Cihangir, S Appel, JA Christian, D Chiodoni, G Reygadas, F Kwan, S BE Isabella, C TI A study of thermal cycling and radiation effects on indium and solder bump bonding SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP ON ELECTRONICS FOR LHC EXPERIMENTS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Royal Inst Technol AB The BTeV hybrid pixel detector is constructed of readout chips and sensor arrays which are developed separately. The detector is assembled by flip-chip mating of the two parts. This method requires the availability of highly reliable, reasonably low cost fine-pitch flip-chip attachment technology. We have tested the quality of two bump-bonding technologies; indium bumps (by Advanced Interconnect Technology Ltd. (AIT) of Hong Kong) and fluxless solder bumps (by MCNC in North Carolina, USA). The results have been presented elsewhere[l]. In this paper we describe tests we performed to further evaluate these technologies. We subjected 15 indium. bump-bonded and 15 fluxless solder bump-bonded dummy detectors through a thermal cycle and then a dose of radiation to observe the effects of cooling, heating and radiation on bump-bonds. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Cihangir, S (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-188-0 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 5 BP 101 EP 103 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT99D UT WOS:000174658500019 ER PT S AU Dawson, JW Francis, DJ Haberichter, WN Schlereth, JL AF Dawson, JW Francis, DJ Haberichter, WN Schlereth, JL BE Isabella, C TI TTCPR: A PMC receiver for TTC SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP ON ELECTRONICS FOR LHC EXPERIMENTS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Royal Inst Technol AB The TTCPR receiver is a mezzanine card intended for use in distributing TTC information to Data Acquisition and Trigger Crates in the ATLAS Prototype Integration activities. An original prototype run of these similar tocards was built for testbeam and integration studies, implemented in both the PMC and PCI form factors, using the TTCrx. chips from the previous manufacture, When the new TTCrx chips became available, the TTCPR was redesigned to take advantage of the availability and enhanced features of the new TTCRX(l), and a run of 20 PMC cards was manufactured, and has since been used in integration studies and the testbeam. The TTCPR uses the AMCC 5933(2) to manage the PCI port, an Altera 10K30A(3) to provide all the logic so that the functionality may be easily altered, and provides a 4K deep FIFO to retain TTC data for subsequent DMA through the PCI port. In addition to DMA's which are mastered by the Add On logic, communication through PCI is accomplished via mailboxes, interrupts, and the pass-through feature of the 5933. An interface to the 12C bus of the TTCRX is provided so that internal registers may be accessed, and the card supports reinitialization of the TTCRX from PCI. Software has been developed to support operation of the TTCPR under both LynxOS and Linux. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dawson, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-188-0 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 5 BP 215 EP 216 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT99D UT WOS:000174658500041 ER PT S AU Chen, H Citterio, M Lanni, F Leite, MAL Radeka, V Rescia, S Takai, H AF Chen, H Citterio, M Lanni, F Leite, MAL Radeka, V Rescia, S Takai, H BE Isabella, C TI Optically based charge injection system for ionization detectors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH WORKSHOP ON ELECTRONICS FOR LHC EXPERIMENTS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Workshop on Electronics for LHC Experiments CY SEP 10-14, 2001 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, Royal Inst Technol AB An optically coupled charge injection system for ionization based radiation detectors which allows a test charge to be injected without the creation of ground loops has been developed. An ionization like signal from an external source is brought into the detector through an optical fiber and injected into the electrodes by means of a photodiode. As an application example, crosstalk measurements on a liquid Argon electromagnetic calorimeter readout electrodes were performed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Leite, MAL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Rescia, Sergio/D-8604-2011; Takai, Helio/C-3301-2012 OI Rescia, Sergio/0000-0003-2411-8903; Takai, Helio/0000-0001-9253-8307 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-188-0 J9 CERN REPORT PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 5 BP 429 EP 431 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BT99D UT WOS:000174658500085 ER PT S AU Agarwal, DA Chevassutt, O Thompson, MR Tsudik, G AF Agarwal, DA Chevassutt, O Thompson, MR Tsudik, G GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI An integrated solution for secure group communication in wide-area networks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON COMPUTERS AND COMMUNICATIONS SE IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications ISCC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications CY JUL 03-05, 2001 CL HAMMAMET, TUNISIA SP IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Simulat DE security group communication; group authorization and access control; group key agreement AB Many distributed applications require a secure reliable group communication system to provide coordination among the application components. This paper describes a secure group layer (SGL) which bundles a reliable group communication system, a group authorization and access control mechanism, and a group key agreement protocol to provide a comprehensive and practical secure group communication platform. SGL also encapsulates the standard message security services (i.e, confidentiality, authenticity and integrity). A number of challenging issues encountered in the design of SGL are brought to light and experimental results obtained with a prototype implementation are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Agarwal, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM DAAgarwal@lbl.gov; OChevassut@lbl.gov; MRThompson@lbl.gov; gts@ics.uci.edu RI Tsudik, Gene/K-2847-2012 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1530-1346 BN 0-7695-1177-5 J9 IEEE SYMP COMP COMMU PY 2001 BP 22 EP 28 DI 10.1109/ISCC.2001.935350 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BS53C UT WOS:000170232700004 ER PT B AU Raybourn, EM AF Raybourn, EM GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI The evaluation of an intercultural collaborative virtual social-process simulation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOPS ON ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES: INFRASTRUCTURE FOR COLLABORATIVE ENTERPRISES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET ICE 2001 ) CY JUN 20-22, 2001 CL MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Data Engn, Concurrent Engn Res Ctr, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Linkoping Univ HO MIT AB The author designed a computer-mediated social-process simulation that allowed participants to explore potentially threatening dynamics in a safe, player-controlled communication-rich environment and then evaluated its effects. Evaluation methodologies employed include design ethnography, task analyses, usability studies, prototyping, and quantitative evaluation. A quantitative comparison study of intercultural simulations measured perceptions of threatening topics in both face-to-face and computer-mediated settings. It was concluded that the intercultural problem-solving simulation (DomeCityMOO) designed for multi-user learning in a virtual environment may make it easier to learn the essence of cultural identity awareness and intercultural relations skills expressed through one's communication. To date, intercultural realtime simulations are only designed for face-to-face. The DomeCityMOO is the first computer-mediated intercultural, multi-user, realtime simulation designed specifically to address issues of power and identity. The design principles employed in the DomeCityMOO challenge the popular belief that aspects of tacit culture, and intercultural awareness can only be taught successfully face-to-face. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Concepts Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Raybourn, EM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Concepts Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1269-0 PY 2001 BP 120 EP 125 DI 10.1109/ENABL.2001.953400 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BT36S UT WOS:000172786100023 ER PT B AU Istrate, G Marathe, MV Ravi, SS AF Istrate, G Marathe, MV Ravi, SS GP SIAM SIAM SIAM TI Adversarial models in evolutionary game dynamics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWELFTH ANNUAL ACM-SIAM SYMPOSIUM ON DISCRETE ALGORITHMS SE SIAM PROCEEDINGS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms CY JAN 07-09, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP ACM SIGACT, SIAM Act Grp Discrete Math ID SIMULATIONS C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Istrate, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Sci, MS B258, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA BN 0-89871-490-7 J9 SIAM PROC S PY 2001 BP 719 EP 720 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BU87L UT WOS:000177257800098 ER PT B AU Preece, DS Jensen, RP Chung, SH AF Preece, DS Jensen, RP Chung, SH GP ISEE ISEE TI Development and application of a 3-D rock blast computer modeling capability using discrete elements - DMCBLAST-3D SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING TECHNIQUE, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique CY JAN 28-31, 2001 CL ORLANDO, FL AB DMCBLAST_3D is a three-dimensional extension of the proven two-dimensional rock blast modeling code, DMCBLAST. DMCBLAST has been under development since 1987 and has successfully predicted the physics, mechanisms and results of a number of different types of rock blasting including, coal mine bench blasting, mineral mine choke blasting and underground stope blasting. Substantial effort has gone into the qualification and verification of DMCBLAST by comparing computer code predictions with real blasts in the field. Comparison with field data has also provided significant guidance to the development of the code. DMCBLAST_3D expands the capability of DMCBLAST to three-dimensions keeping all of the capability of the 2-D code and adding many features unique to 3-D modeling such as timing delay between blast-holes and 3-D muck movement. The basis of DMCBLAST_3D is a 3-D spherical discrete element computer code that treats three-dimensional movement and collision of individual particles. Explosive loading of the particles is accomplished by coupling gas flow and rock motion together. This paper documents the basics of the 3-D discrete element code, the 3-D discrete element model generator, and presents an example 3-D quarry blast modeled with DMCBLAST_3D. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Preece, DS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC EXPLOSIVES ENGINEERS PI CLEVELAND PA 29100 AURORA ROAD, CLEVELAND, OH 44139-1800 USA PY 2001 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BT78L UT WOS:000174051500002 ER PT B AU Grant, J AF Grant, J BE Zazueta, F Xin, J TI Modelling airflow in Irish mushroom growing tunnels SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORLD CONGRESS OF COMPUTERS IN AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT World Congress on Computers in Agriculture and Natural Resources CY SEP 19-21, 2001 CL IGUACU FALL, BRAZIL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Soc Brasileira Informat Aplicada Agr Agrind, Asian Federat Informat Technol Agr, European Federat Informat Technol Agr, World Federat Engn Org, Amer Assoc Engn Soc, Univ Florida DE airflow; buildings; CFD; mushrooms AB Recent changes in mushroom growing systems have made it necessary to re-examine airflow in the insulated polyethylene growing tunnels that are used in commercial production in Ireland. Even for the existing systems, improvements in the control of the air conditioning have made it more important that the correctly conditioned air be delivered to the cropping surface at the correct speed and as uniformly as possible throughout the cropping area. Air is delivered by means of a polyethylene distribution duct mounted at the roof of the tunnel. Typical delivery speeds are 4 to 7 ms(-1) and these have to be reduced to 10 to 30 cms(-1) at the cropping surface. New systems generally involve a change from single layer growing at the floor of the tunnel to the use of a variety of staging and shelving systems in both two and three layers. Largely because of the very low speeds involved and various disturbances such as heating and solar gain through the tunnel walls, it has proven difficult, using empirical methods, to characterise, and then to arrive at a solution for, all of the system options. In order, therefore, to gain insight into the system characteristics and to obtain guidance for future experimental work, the airflows were modelled using PHOENICS CFD software. The model was built up in stages with the Virtual Reality Interface module of the software, tuning the solver parameters and verifying that a physically realistic result was obtained in each case, until, finally, numerical convergence was obtained for the basic single layer growing system. A number of the alternative systems were then modelled and the main qualitative features of the flows were successfully reproduced. Broad agreement was found between the quantitative output from the models and the limited experimental data available to date. C1 TEAGASC, Agr & Food Dev Author, Kinsealy Res Ctr, Dublin 17, Ireland. RP Grant, J (reprint author), TEAGASC, Agr & Food Dev Author, Kinsealy Res Ctr, Malahide Rd, Dublin 17, Ireland. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 1-892769-22-0 PY 2001 BP 484 EP 490 PG 7 WC Agricultural Engineering; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Agriculture; Computer Science GA BX47B UT WOS:000185357400068 ER PT J AU Zaitseva, N Carman, L AF Zaitseva, N Carman, L TI Rapid growth of KDP-type crystals SO PROGRESS IN CRYSTAL GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS LA English DT Review ID POTASSIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE; 101 ADP FACE; SECONDARY NUCLEATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTATIONS; SOLUTION HYDRODYNAMICS; HABIT MODIFICATION; MAGNESIUM-SULFATE; DKDP CRYSTALS; FLUID SHEAR AB Growth of KDP-type crystals on the point seed made possible to accelerate growth rates from traditional I mm/day up to 50 mm/day. This acceleration ga,e. base to a development of the rapid growth technique for production of single crystals with the linear sizes up to 90 cm to obtain plates for laser radiation conversion in world-largest lasers Scientific bases and technological principles of the method are considered in this review. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 162 TC 178 Z9 194 U1 10 U2 60 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-8974 J9 PROG CRYST GROWTH CH JI Prog. Cryst. Growth Charact. Mater. PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1 BP 1 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S0960-8974(01)00004-3 PG 118 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Crystallography; Materials Science GA 495GP UT WOS:000172332100001 ER PT J AU Richards, GA McMillian, MM Gemmen, RS Rogers, WA Cully, SR AF Richards, GA McMillian, MM Gemmen, RS Rogers, WA Cully, SR TI Issues for low-emission, fuel-flexible power systems SO PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE fuel composition; gas turbines; reciprocating engines; fuel cells; natural gas ID DETAILED CHEMICAL-KINETICS; GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION; PREMIXED COMBUSTION; IGNITION DELAY; LEAN BLOWOUT; NATURAL-GAS; NOX; FLAMES; AUTOIGNITION; PREDICTION AB Modern power generation systems can produce clean, economical energy. Gas turbines, modem reciprocating engines and fuel cells may all play a role in new power production, both for electric power and mechanical drive applications. Compared to their counterparts of even a decade ago, new power systems have significantly reduced pollutant emissions. However, the careful balance between low emissions and operating performance often requires that system performance be optimized on a single fuel. Thus, for example, a gas turbine designed to produce low emissions on natural gas may not easily achieve the same emission goals on a different gaseous fuel. This paper reviews the various issues associated with changes in gaseous fuel composition for low-emission turbines, reciprocating engines and fuel cells. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Dept Energy, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Richards, GA (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Natl Energy Technol Lab, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 91 TC 156 Z9 157 U1 1 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1285 J9 PROG ENERG COMBUST JI Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. PY 2001 VL 27 IS 2 BP 141 EP 169 DI 10.1016/S0360-1285(00)00019-8 PG 29 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 400KB UT WOS:000166869800001 ER PT J AU Azmy, YY Gallmeier, FX Lillie, DA AF Azmy, YY Gallmeier, FX Lillie, DA TI Tort solutions for the 3D radiation transport benchmarks for simple geometries with void region SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE TORT; discrete ordinates; radiation transport; benchmarks; ray effects AB We present the solutions for the set of three-dimensional radiation transport Benchmark problems obtained with the TORT transport code using its three optional methods: Theta Weighted (OW), Linear Nodal (LN), and Linear Characteristic (LC). Only the cases with 50% scattering are presented in this paper since the nonscattering cases are bound to suffer severe ray effects. By solving the problems on a sequence of refined meshes we illustrate that for some points defined in the benchmark the solution converges with mesh refinement. However, the solution at most points does not converge with mesh refinement, and we illustrate that this is a consequence of ray effects in the void region. Also, we compare TORT's solutions to the Monte Carlo reference solution and observe that even when TORT's solution converges with mesh refinement, it usually does not converge to the Monte Carlo reference. This behavior also results from ray effects, and therefore we conjecture it will appear in varying degrees in all discrete ordinates accurate solutions because ray effects exist in the exact solution of the discrete ordinates equations. While this result is disappointing from the benchmarking point of view, it bodes well for TORT's ability to produce highly accurate solutions to the discrete ordinates approximation. Eliminating ray effects requires extensions of the solution algorithm, e.g. via a first collision source, while preserving the desirable features of the discrete ordinates methodology. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Azmy, YY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 SI SI BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(01)00009-9 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 457EN UT WOS:000170124300004 ER PT J AU Alcouffe, RE AF Alcouffe, RE TI PARTISN calculations of 3D radiation transport benchmarks for simple geometries with void regions SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE 3D transport calculations; benchmark problems; shielding calculations AB We have solved the 3D radiation transport benchmark problems proposed by Prof Kobayashi using the transport code PARTISN. We have used different angular discretizations represented by the Sn method of various orders of n to investigate the resultant sensitivity of the solution. In addition, we have employed our first collision source method as incorporated in the code to mitigate the substantial ray effects present. We also include the computation time needed for these problems on our SGI Origin/2000 platform. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Alcouffe, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, D409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 SI SI BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(01)00011-7 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 457EN UT WOS:000170124300006 ER PT J AU Brown, PN Chang, B Hanebutte, UR AF Brown, PN Chang, B Hanebutte, UR TI Spherical harmonic solutions of the Boltzmann transport equation via discrete ordinates SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION SYNTHETIC ACCELERATION AB Discrete ordinates algorithms for deterministically simulating neutron transport via the Boltzmann transport equation are discussed. One difficulty these methods often have is the problem of ray effects. These undesirable numerical phenomena typically arise in problems with small scattering ratios and localized sources. A competing method that does not exhibit ray effects is the spherical harmonic, or PN, method in which particle fluxes are smoothly represented in a spherical harmonic basis. Although PN methods cannot have ray effects, the resulting system of equations is difficult to solve due to a denser coupling of terms than in discrete ordinates methods. A procedure, called harmonic projection, is presented that allows a PN solution to be obtained by solving only discrete ordinates equations. Thus, the quality of a PN solution can be obtained while exploiting the efficiency (and better parallelizability) of discrete ordinates methods. Numerical results on several benchmark problems are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of the new algorithm in eliminating ray effects. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brown, PN (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, L-561, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2001 VL 39 IS 2 SI SI BP 263 EP 284 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(01)00016-6 PG 22 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 457EN UT WOS:000170124300011 ER PT J AU Rinehart, GH AF Rinehart, GH TI Design characteristics and fabrication of radioisotope heat sources for space missions SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article DE heat source; radioisotope thermoelectric generator; plutonium-238 AB Radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) have been used by the United States to provide electrical power for spacecraft since 1961. All RTGs that have been launched by the U.S. have used heat sources fueled with the plutonium-238 isotope. Low-power (1 W-thermal) Light Weight Radioisotope Heater Units have also been used to maintain spacecraft equipment within their normal operating temperature range. Los Alamos National Laboratory is responsible for fabricating heat sources for current and future space missions. The (PuO2)-Pu-238 is purified by aqueous processing, fabricated into hot pressed pellets, encapsulated into precious metal cladding material, then the fueled clads are nondestructively tested. NASA currently plans for the potential use of radioisotope power systems for the Europa Orbiter and the Solar Probe missions, which are all scheduled for launch this decade. In addition several Mars Exploration missions over the next decade will employ radioisotope heater units. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rinehart, GH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 305 EP 319 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(01)00005-1 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 502GH UT WOS:000172735000002 ER PT J AU Azmy, YY Johnson, JO Lillie, RA Rennich, MJ Santoro, RT AF Azmy, YY Johnson, JO Lillie, RA Rennich, MJ Santoro, RT TI Computing the three-dimensional distribution of the gamma dose rate in the target service cell of the spallation neutron source using the doors package SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Design of the Target Service Cell (TSC) of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) requires computing detailed profiles of the gamma-ray dose rate outside its structure in order to abide by exposure limits and plan access control for the facility's personnel. Three-dimensional spatial distributions of the dose rate inside the TSC are also necessary to optimize the locations of electronic instruments and verify their design criteria at selected sites. For these reasons, in addition to the deep penetration feature typical of shielding calculations, a deterministic transport method solution, namely discrete ordinates, is preferred over Monte Carlo. Even then, the computation is complicated by the large size of the structure, large volume of air (internal void), optical thickness of the enclosing walls, and multiplicity of radiation sources. Furthermore, severe ray effects observed in preliminary calculations throughout the TSC internal cavity that persist in the transport through the concrete walls require special treatment. The computational model for conducting this complex calculation using Oak Ridge National Laboratory's TORT code, with support from peripheral codes in the Discrete Ordinates Oak Ridge System (DOORS), is presented. Successful elimination of primary ray effects via the newly developed three-dimensional uncollided flux and first collision source code GRTUNCL3D is also illustrated. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Azmy, YY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Rennich, Mark/0000-0001-6945-0075 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2001 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 321 EP 333 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(01)00017-8 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 502GH UT WOS:000172735000003 ER PT J AU Bresee, JC AF Bresee, JC TI Special issue: Accelerator transmutation of waste - Preface SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE, Off Nucl Energy Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Bresee, JC (reprint author), US DOE, Off Nucl Energy Sci & Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(00)00093-7 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 393BY UT WOS:000166450400001 ER PT J AU Van Tuyle, G Hill, D Beller, D Bishop, W Cotton, T Finck, P Halsey, W Herczeg, J Herring, JS Lancaster, D March-Leuba, J Ludewig, H Sanders, T Savage, B Schweitzer, E Smith, C Stewart, L Todosow, M Walter, C AF Van Tuyle, G Hill, D Beller, D Bishop, W Cotton, T Finck, P Halsey, W Herczeg, J Herring, JS Lancaster, D March-Leuba, J Ludewig, H Sanders, T Savage, B Schweitzer, E Smith, C Stewart, L Todosow, M Walter, C TI A roadmap for developing ATW technology: System scenarios & integration SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB A roadmap has been established for development of ATW Technology. The roadmap defines a reference system along with preferred technologies, which require further development to reduce technical risk, associated deployment scenarios, acid a detailed plan of necessary R&D to support implementation of this technology. The potential for international collaboration is discussed which has the potential to reduce the cost of the program. A reference ATW plant design was established to ensure consistent discussion of technical and life cycle cost issues. Over 60 years of operation, a reference ATW plant would process about 10.000 tn of spent nuclear reactor fuel. This is in comparison to the current inventory U.S. of about 40,000 tn of spent fuel and the projected inventory of about 86,000 tn of spent fuel if all currently licensed nuclear power plants run until their license expire, The reference ATW plant was used together with an assumed scenario of no new nuclear plant orders in the U.S. to generate a deployment scenario for ATW. In the R&D roadmap, key technical issues are identified. and timescales are proposed for the resolution of these issues. A key recommendation is that, in the first year of any ATW program, trade studies intended to confirm technology choices and optimization of design be conducted. These studies will then be used to define future R&D. International collaboration will be important in this endeavor. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Van Tuyle, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 3 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(00)00094-9 PG 21 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 393BY UT WOS:000166450400002 ER PT J AU Lawrence, G Chan, KC Schriber, S Wangler, T Allen, M Funk, W Meyer, T Noble, R Shepard, K Shipler, D Wanderer, P Ward, T AF Lawrence, G Chan, KC Schriber, S Wangler, T Allen, M Funk, W Meyer, T Noble, R Shepard, K Shipler, D Wanderer, P Ward, T TI ATW accelerator technology in US roadmap SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Lawrence, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 25 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(00)00095-0 PG 40 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 393BY UT WOS:000166450400003 ER PT J AU Laidler, JJ Burris, L Collins, ED Duguid, J Henry, RN Hill, J Karell, EJ McDeavitt, SM Thompson, M Williamson, MA Willit, JL AF Laidler, JJ Burris, L Collins, ED Duguid, J Henry, RN Hill, J Karell, EJ McDeavitt, SM Thompson, M Williamson, MA Willit, JL TI Chemical partitioning technologies for an ATW system SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB A roadmap for the development of the technology of an Accelerator Transmutation of Waste (ATW) system was recently submitted to the U.S. Congress by the U.S. Department of Energy. One element of this roadmap was a development plan for the separations technologies that would be required to support an ATW system operating with a sustained feed of 1,450 tonnes of commercial light water reactor spent fuel per year. A Technical Working Group was constituted to identify appropriate separations processes and prepare a plan for their development. The baseline process selected combines aqueous and pyrochemical processes to enable efficient separation of uranium, technetium, iodine, and the transuranic elements from LWR spent fuel in the head-end step. For the recycle of unburned transuranics and newly-generated technetium and iodine from irradiated ATW transmuter assemblies, which were given to be metallic in form, a second and quite different pyrochemical process was identified. The diversity of processing methods was chosen for both technical and economic factors; aqueous methods are deemed to be better suited to large tonnages of commercial oxide spent fuel, while it is considered that pyrochemical processes can be exploited effectively in smaller-scale operations, particularly when the application is to metallic fuels or targets. A six-year technology evaluation and development program is foreseen, by the end of which an informed decision can be made on proceeding with demonstration of the ATW system. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Duke Engn Serv, Charlotte, NC 28201 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Laidler, JJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 65 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(00)00096-2 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 393BY UT WOS:000166450400004 ER PT J AU Chadwick, MB Hughes, HG Little, RC Pitcher, EJ Young, PG AF Chadwick, MB Hughes, HG Little, RC Pitcher, EJ Young, PG TI Nuclear data for accelerator-driven systems SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTIONS; PROTON-INDUCED REACTIONS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTIONS; NEUTRON-PRODUCTION; KERMA FACTORS; ENERGY-RANGE; TARGETS; BI-209; PREEQUILIBRIUM; TRANSMISSION AB We review recent evaluations of neutron and proton reaction cross sections up to 150 MeV in the LA150 Library, for use in computer code simulations of accelerator-driven systems. An overview is provided of the nuclear theory together with measured cross section data used in the evaluations. The possible use of bismuth activation foils for high-energy neutron spectrometry is also discussed. We describe recent developments to the MCNPX radiation transport code, which merges MCNP and LAHET in one code and uses the LA150 evaluated data. A number of benchmark comparisons against integral experiments are described, for thick-target neutron production, neutron transmission through macroscopic slabs, and neutron kerma coefficients. These benchmarks help validate the transport code and the evaluated data for use in ADS simulations of neutron production in a spallation target (n/p), radiation shielding, heating, and damage. A brief summary is also given of future data needs for subcritical transmuters and spallation targets, in accelerator transmutation of waste technologies. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chadwick, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 71 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2001 VL 38 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 179 EP 219 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(00)00102-5 PG 41 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 393BY UT WOS:000166450400010 ER PT J AU Conradson, SD Degueldre, CA Espinosa-Faller, FJ Foltyn, SR Sickafus, KE Valdez, JA Villella, PM AF Conradson, SD Degueldre, CA Espinosa-Faller, FJ Foltyn, SR Sickafus, KE Valdez, JA Villella, PM TI Complex behavior in quaternary zirconias for inert matrix fuel: What do these materials look like at the nanometer scale? SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Workshop on Inert Matrix Fuel, E-MRS Symposium B CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2000 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE DE inert matrix fuel; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; local structure; chemical speciation ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; CUBIC ZIRCONIA; FINE-STRUCTURE; Y-CSZ; ZRO2; TEMPERATURE AB Conventional crystallographic analysis of cubic stabilised zirconias (CSZ) over a wide range of stabilisers and stoichiometries has shown O atom displacements along lattice vectors and cation disorder with irreproducible characteristics. However, because diffraction is only sensitive to the average long-range order and biased towards periodic and symmetric distortions, it is essential to supplement it with probes of short-range order that may reveal additional, element-specific details about local ordering. We have performed X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) spectroscopy measurements on a series of Er-Y-(U-Ce)-Zr oxides to determine the local environment around each of the cations. Results from these experiments demonstrate that not only are there significant element- and composition-dependent distortions away from the crystallographic structure but also interactions between specific pairs of the metal ions indicative of cooperative behaviour. This suggests that some of the metal ions are not randomly, isomorphically substituted into the lattice but instead have tendencies to form nanometer-scale clusters and networks. In this respect, substantial differences are seen in the influence of Ce and U on the Y-centered distortions, consistent with different roles for these two elements in inert matrix fuel (IMF) matrices. This type of nanometer scale heterogeneity is typically coupled to the phase stability and other properties of other materials and may therefore be important to these zirconias in their IMF application. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, LWV, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM conradson@lanl.gov NR 47 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2001 VL 38 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(00)00105-0 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 402UJ UT WOS:000167006300003 ER PT J AU Raison, PE Haire, RG AF Raison, PE Haire, RG TI Zirconia-based materials for transmutation of americium and curium: cubic stabilized zirconia and zirconium oxide pyrochlores SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Workshop on Inert Matrix Fuel, E-MRS Symposium B CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2000 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE DE americium; curium; zirconia; pyrochlore; transmutation; inert matrix AB We present here experimental results involving the incorporation of americium and curium elements in zirconia-based compounds, applicable for reactor transmutation schemes. Two materials are considered: Cubic-Stabilized Zirconia (CSZ) and the pyrochlore oxides having the formula An(2)Zr(2)O(7), where An = Am, Cm. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CEA Cadarache, DRN, DEC, SPUA,LACA, F-13108 St Paul Durance, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Raison, PE (reprint author), CEA Cadarache, DRN, DEC, SPUA,LACA, F-13108 St Paul Durance, France. NR 13 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-1970 J9 PROG NUCL ENERG JI Prog. Nucl. Energy PY 2001 VL 38 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 251 EP 254 DI 10.1016/S0149-1970(00)00110-4 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 402UJ UT WOS:000167006300008 ER PT J AU Weinfeld, M Xing, JZ Lee, J Leadon, SA Cooper, PK Le, XC AF Weinfeld, M Xing, JZ Lee, J Leadon, SA Cooper, PK Le, XC TI Factors influencing the removal of thymine glycol from DNA in gamma-irradiated human cells SO PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, VOL 68 SE PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ADAPTIVE RESPONSE; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; STRAND BREAKS; IN-VIVO; DAMAGE; RADIATION; CHROMATIN; ELECTROPHORESIS C1 Cross Canc Inst, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada. Univ Alberta, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Radiat Biol & DNA Repair, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Weinfeld, M (reprint author), Cross Canc Inst, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada. RI Le, X. Chris/O-4947-2015 OI Le, X. Chris/0000-0002-7690-6701 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0079-6603 J9 PROG NUCLEIC ACID RE PY 2001 VL 68 BP 139 EP 149 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BT13J UT WOS:000172044400010 PM 11554293 ER PT S AU Thielemann, FK Brachwitz, F Freiburghaus, C Kolbe, E Martinez-Pinedo, G Rauscher, T Rembges, F Hix, WR Liebendorfer, M Mezzacappa, A Kratz, KL Pfeiffer, B Langanke, K Nomoto, K Rosswog, S Schatz, H Weischer, W AF Thielemann, FK Brachwitz, F Freiburghaus, C Kolbe, E Martinez-Pinedo, G Rauscher, T Rembges, F Hix, WR Liebendorfer, M Mezzacappa, A Kratz, KL Pfeiffer, B Langanke, K Nomoto, K Rosswog, S Schatz, H Weischer, W BE Faessler, A TI Element synthesis in stars SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 46: RADIOACTIVE BEAMS IN NUCLEAR AND ASTROPHYSICS SE Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International School of Nuclear Physics on Radioactive Beams in Nuclear and Astrophysics CY SEP 16-24, 2000 CL ERICE, ITALY ID CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE; CARBON DEFLAGRATION SUPERNOVAE; R-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; NEUTRINO-DRIVEN WINDS; METAL-POOR STARS; X-RAY-BURSTS; REACTION-RATES; IA SUPERNOVAE; II SUPERNOVAE; ELECTRON-CAPTURE AB Except for H-1, H-2, He-3, He-4, and Li-7, originating from the Big Bang, all heavier elements are made in stellar evolution and stellar explosions. Nuclear physics, and in many cases nuclear structure far from stability, enters in a crucial way. Therefore, we examine in this review the role of nuclear physics in astrophysics in general and in particular how it affects stellar events and the resulting nucleosynthesis. Stellar modeling addresses four major aspects: 1. energy generation and nucleosynthesis, 2. energy transport via conduction, radiation or possibly convection, 3. hydrodynamics/hydrostatics, and finally 4. thermodynamic properties of the matter involved. Nuclear Physics enters via nuclear reaction cross sections and nuclear structure (affecting the composition changes and nuclear energy generation), neutrino-nucleon and neutrino-nucleus cross sections (affecting neutrino opacities and transport), and e.g. the equation of state at and beyond nuclear densities which creates a relation between the nuclear many body problem and and hydrodynamic response like pressure and entropy. In the following we review these four topics by highlighting the role and impact of nuclear physics in each of these aspects of stellar modeling. The main emphasis is put on the connection to element synthesis. C1 Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Tokyo, Dept Astron, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Univ Basel, Dept Phys & Astron, Klingelbergstr 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. RI Rauscher, Thomas/D-2086-2009; Hix, William/E-7896-2011; Nomoto, Ken'ichi/A-4393-2011; Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/A-1915-2013; Mezzacappa, Anthony/B-3163-2017 OI Rauscher, Thomas/0000-0002-1266-0642; Hix, William/0000-0002-9481-9126; Martinez-Pinedo, Gabriel/0000-0002-3825-0131; Mezzacappa, Anthony/0000-0001-9816-9741 NR 111 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 2001 VL 46 BP 5 EP 22 DI 10.1016/S0146-6410(01)00103-X PG 18 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BS16G UT WOS:000168892600002 ER PT S AU Ramayya, AV Hamilton, JH Hwang, JK Beyer, CJ Ter Akopian, GM Daniel, AV Rasmussen, JO Wu, SC Donangelo, R Kormicki, J Zhang, XQ Rodin, A Formichev, A Kliman, J Krupa, L Oganessian, YT Chubaryan, G Seweryniak, D Janssens, RVF Ma, WC Piercey, RB Cole, JD AF Ramayya, AV Hamilton, JH Hwang, JK Beyer, CJ Ter Akopian, GM Daniel, AV Rasmussen, JO Wu, SC Donangelo, R Kormicki, J Zhang, XQ Rodin, A Formichev, A Kliman, J Krupa, L Oganessian, YT Chubaryan, G Seweryniak, D Janssens, RVF Ma, WC Piercey, RB Cole, JD BE Faessler, A TI Binary and ternary fission studies with Cf-252 SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 46: RADIOACTIVE BEAMS IN NUCLEAR AND ASTROPHYSICS SE PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International School of Nuclear Physics on Radioactive Beams in Nuclear and Astrophysics CY SEP 16-24, 2000 CL ERICE, ITALY ID EMISSION; STATE AB The spontaneous fission of Cf-252, been studied via gamma - gamma - gamma coincidences and gamma - gamma -light charged particle coincidences with Gammasphere. The yields of correlated Mo-Ba pairs in binary fission with 0-10 neutron emission have been remeasured with an uncompressed gamma-gamma-gamma coincidence data. The previous hot fission mode with 8-10 neutron emission seen in the Mo-Ba split is found to be smaller than earlier results but still present. New 0n binary SF yields are reported. By gating on the light charged particles detected in DeltaE-E Si detectors and gamma-gamma coincidences with Gammasphere, the relative yields of correlated pairs in alpha ternary fission with zero to 6n emission are observed for the first time. A number of correlated pairs are identified in ternary fission with Be-10 as the LCP. We observed only cold, 0n Be-10 and little, if any, hot, xn Be-10 channel. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Joint Nucl Res Inst, Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna, Russia. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Texas A&M Univ, Inst Cyclotron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Eenvironm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Ramayya, AV (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RI Chubarian, Grigor/H-2519-2014 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 2001 VL 46 BP 221 EP 229 DI 10.1016/S0146-6410(01)00127-2 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BS16G UT WOS:000168892600026 ER PT S AU Rehm, KE AF Rehm, KE BE Faessler, A TI Recent results of radioactive beam experiments at ATLAS SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 46: RADIOACTIVE BEAMS IN NUCLEAR AND ASTROPHYSICS SE PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International School of Nuclear Physics on Radioactive Beams in Nuclear and Astrophysics CY SEP 16-24, 2000 CL ERICE, ITALY ID ION-BEAM; F-18(P,ALPHA)O-15 REACTION; CROSS-SECTION; TI-44; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; ENERGIES; EMISSION AB Various beams of short- and long-lived radioactive nuclei have recently been produced at the ATLAS accelerator at Argonne National Laboratory, using either the so-called In-Flight or the Two-Accelerator method. With these beams many questions which are of interest in the areas of nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics can be addressed. In this contribution first results from experiments with Ti-44 (T-1/2=60y) and F-17 (T-1/2=64S) beams are discussed, which are of interest to the nucleosynthesis in supernovae and X-ray bursts. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rehm, KE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 2001 VL 46 BP 379 EP 387 DI 10.1016/S0146-6410(01)00144-2 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BS16G UT WOS:000168892600043 ER PT J AU Herczeg, P AF Herczeg, P TI Beta decay beyond the standard model SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 46, NO 2 SE PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LEFT-RIGHT-SYMMETRY; CHARGED CURRENT PROCESSES; SU(15) GRAND UNIFICATION; TIME-REVERSAL VIOLATION; FERMION-PAIR PRODUCTION; CP VIOLATION; BRANCHING RATIO; MASS SCALE; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; LIGHT LEPTOQUARKS AB We review and discuss beta decay interactions in extensions of the Standard Model, and the role of beta decay experiments in obtaining information on them. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Herczeg, P (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663,MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 160 TC 126 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 2001 VL 46 IS 2 BP 413 EP 457 DI 10.1016/S0146-6410(01)00149-1 PG 45 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BS69D UT WOS:000170866300001 ER PT S AU Garvey, GT Peng, JC AF Garvey, GT Peng, JC BE Faessler, A TI Flavor asymmetry of light quarks in the nucleon sea SO PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS, VOL 47, NO 1 SE Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; DEUTERON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; DRELL-YAN PROCESS; N-C LIMIT; PAIR ANNIHILATION PROCESSES; ISOSPIN SYMMETRY-BREAKING; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; ANTIQUARK DISTRIBUTIONS; MUON SCATTERING; MESON-CLOUD AB A surprisingly large asymmetry between the up and down sea quark distributions in the nucleon has been observed in recent deep inelastic scattering and Drell-Yan experiments. This result strongly suggests that the mesonic degrees of freedom play an important role in the description of the parton distributions of the hadronic sea. In this article, we review the current status of our knowledge of the flavor structure of the nucleon sea. The implications of various theoretical models as well as possible future measurements axe also discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 187 TC 137 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0146-6410 J9 PROG PART NUCL PHYS PY 2001 VL 47 IS 1 BP 203 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0146-6410(01)00155-7 PG 41 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BT19J UT WOS:000172253900004 ER PT J AU Green, MA Emery, K King, DL Igari, S Warta, W AF Green, MA Emery, K King, DL Igari, S Warta, W TI Solar cell efficiency tables (version 17) SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON AB Consolidated fables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since July 2000 are reviewed. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ New S Wales, Ctr Photovoltaic Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Div 6224, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Japan Qual Assurance Org, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1070052, Japan. Fraunhofer Inst Solar Energy Syst, D-79100 Freiburg, Germany. RP Green, MA (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Ctr Photovoltaic Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. NR 43 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 9 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1002/pip.361 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 399QW UT WOS:000166824700005 ER PT J AU Arai, K Ogawa, Y Suzuki, Y Varga, K AF Arai, K Ogawa, Y Suzuki, Y Varga, K TI Microscopic multicluster description of light exotic nuclei with stochastic variational method on correlated Gaussians SO PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS SUPPLEMENT LA English DT Review ID INTERACTION CROSS-SECTIONS; RESONATING-GROUP METHOD; ORBITAL SHELL-MODEL; PROTON-HALO PROBLEM; SOFT DIPOLE MODE; CLUSTER-MODEL; ELECTRON-SCATTERING; 3-CLUSTER MODEL; MIRROR NUCLEI; NEUTRON-HALO AB A microscopic theory taking account of the correlated motion between particles is extended to a multicluster model comprising Os clusters and single nucleons. The relative motion between the constituents is described by a combination of the correlated Gaussian basis. A stochastic selection of nonlinear parameters of the basis functions is introduced and it has proven to be a very powerful and economical method. It is confirmed that virtually exact solutions are obtainable for bound state problems. By the extension to the multicluster model, a sophisticated description of light nuclei becomes possible with fairly good asymptotics of the wave functions. The halo structure in the ground states of He-6,He-8 and the 3.563 MeV 0(+) state of Li-6 is examined. The core breakup effect in He-6 is found to give appreciable contribution to the binding energy. Be-9-B-9, Li-9-C-9 and Be-10-C-10 mirror nuclei are described by microscopic three- and four-cluster model. The quadrupole moments of C-9 and Be-7 are predicted to be -5.04 and -6.11 efm(2). As a useful application of the microscopic multicluster model, it is shown that the resonance parameters of unbound states can be obtained simply by analytic continuation of the square root of the bound state energy as a function of the potential strength. C1 Niigata Univ, Dept Phys, Niigata 9502181, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 5600043, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, ATOMKI, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. RI Varga, Kalman/A-7102-2013 NR 126 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROGRESS THEORETICAL PHYSICS PUBLICATION OFFICE PI KYOTO PA C/O KYOTO UNIV, YUKAWA HALL, KYOTO, 606-8502, JAPAN SN 0375-9687 J9 PROG THEOR PHYS SUPP JI Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. PY 2001 IS 142 BP 97 EP 156 PG 60 GA 468BH UT WOS:000170737900004 ER PT J AU Moult, J Fidelis, K Zemla, A Hubbard, T AF Moult, J Fidelis, K Zemla, A Hubbard, T TI Critical assessment of methods of protein structure prediction (CASP): Round IV SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID PROGRESS; RECOGNITION; EVOLUTION C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Sanger Ctr, Cambridge, England. RP Moult, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM jmoult@tunc.org RI Hubbard, Tim/C-2567-2008 OI Hubbard, Tim/0000-0002-1767-9318 NR 24 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-3585 EI 1097-0134 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PY 2001 SU 5 BP 2 EP 7 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 519BC UT WOS:000173702700002 ER PT J AU Zemla, A Venclovas, C Moult, J Fidelis, K AF Zemla, A Venclovas, C Moult, J Fidelis, K TI Processing and evaluation of predictions in CASP4 SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE protein structure prediction; evaluation methods; CASP4 ID PROTEIN-STRUCTURE PREDICTIONS; CRITERIA; FOLD AB The Livermore Prediction Center conducted the target collection and prediction submission processes for Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction (CASP4) and Critical Assessment of Fully Automated Structure Prediction Methods (CAFASP2). We have also evaluated all the submitted predictions using criteria and methods developed during the course of three previous GASP experiments and preparation for CASP4. We present an overview of the implemented system. Particular attention is paid to newly developed evaluation techniques and data presentation schemes. With the rapid increase in GASP participation and in the number of submitted predictions, special emphasis is placed on methods allowing reliable pre-classification of submissions and on techniques useful in automated evaluation of predictions. We also present an overview of our website, including target structures, predictions, and their evaluations (http://predictioncenter.llnl.gov). (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Fidelis, K (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM fidelis@llnl.gov NR 13 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0887-3585 EI 1097-0134 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PY 2001 SU 5 BP 13 EP 21 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 519BC UT WOS:000173702700004 ER PT J AU Venclovas, C Zemla, A Fidelis, K Moult, J AF Venclovas, C Zemla, A Fidelis, K Moult, J TI Comparison of performance in successive CASP experiments SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE protein structure prediction; communitywide; experiment; CASP ID PROTEIN-STRUCTURE PREDICTION; SECONDARY STRUCTURES AB As the number of completed GASP (Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction) experiments grows, so does the need for stable, standard methods for comparing performance in successive experiments. It is critical to develop methods for determining the areas in which there is progress and in which areas are static. We have added an analysis of the CASP4 results to that previously published for CASPs 1, 2, and 3. We again use a unified difficulty scale to permit comparison of performance as a function of target difficulty in the different CASPs. The scale is used to compare performance in aligning target sequences to a structural template. There was a clear improvement in alignment quality between CASP1 (1994) and CASP2 (1996). No change is apparent between CASP2 and CASP3 (1998). There is a small barely detectable improvement between CASP3 and the latest experiment (CASP4, 2000). Alignment remains the major source of error in all models based on less than about 30% sequence identity. Comparison of performance in the new fold modeling regime is complicated by issues in devising an objective target difficulty scale. We have found limited numerical support for significant progress between CASP3 and CASP4 in this area. More subjectively, most observers are convinced that there has been substantial progress. Progress is dominated by a single group. Proteins (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. Inst Biotechnol, Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Moult, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM jmoult@tunc.org NR 12 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PY 2001 SU 5 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 519BC UT WOS:000173702700020 ER PT J AU Hummer, G Garcia, AE Garde, S AF Hummer, G Garcia, AE Garde, S TI Helix nucleation kinetics from molecular simulations in explicit solvent SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FOLDING FREE-ENERGY; SECONDARY STRUCTURE FORMATION; LASER TEMPERATURE-JUMP; ALPHA-HELIX; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; BETA-HAIRPIN; FAST EVENTS; HYDROGEN-EXCHANGE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; COIL KINETICS AB We study the reversible folding/unfolding of short Ala and Gly-based peptides by molecular dynamics simulations of all-atom models in explicit water solvent. A kinetic analysis shows that the formation of a first alpha-helical turn occurs within 0.1-1 ns, in agreement with the analyses of laser temperature jump experiments. The unfolding times exhibit Arrhenius temperature dependence. For a rapidly nucleating all-Ala peptide, the helix nucleation time depends only weakly on temperature. For a peptide with enthalpically competing turn-like structures, helix nucleation exhibits an Arrhenius temperature dependence, corresponding to the unfolding of enthalpic traps in the coil ensemble. An analysis of structures in a "transition-state ensemble" shows that helix-to-coil transitions occur predominantly through breaking of hydrogen bonds at the helix ends, particularly at the C-terminus. The temperature dependence of the transition-state ensemble and the corresponding folding/unfolding pathways illustrate that folding mechanisms can change with temperature, possibly complicating the interpretation of high-temperature unfolding simulations. The timescale of helix formation is an essential factor in molecular models of protein folding. The rapid helix nucleation observed here suggests that transient helices form early in the folding event. Proteins 2001;42:77-84. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp T10, Los Alamos, NM USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem Engn, Troy, NY USA. RP Hummer, G (reprint author), NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bldg 5, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Garde, Shekhar/C-3060-2008; Hummer, Gerhard/A-2546-2013 OI Hummer, Gerhard/0000-0001-7768-746X NR 76 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD JAN 1 PY 2001 VL 42 IS 1 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1002/1097-0134(20010101)42:1<77::AID-PROT80>3.0.CO;2-# PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 386TG UT WOS:000166077200008 PM 11093262 ER PT J AU Venclovas, C AF Venclovas, C TI Comparative modeling of CASP4 target proteins: Combining results of sequence search with three-dimensional structure assessment SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE protein structure prediction; sequence-structure alignment; 3D model; model evaluation; distant homology; alignment errors ID PREDICTION; PROGRAM AB Comparative modeling aims at constructing molecular models for proteins of unknown structure, by using known structures of related proteins as templates. To test the comparative modeling approach reported here, predictions for 13 target proteins were submitted during the fourth round of ''blind'' protein structure prediction experiment (CASP4; http://PredictionCenter.llnl.gov/ casp4). Sequence identity between these target proteins and the closest known structures ranged from 13 to 58%, indicating a broad spectrum of prediction difficulty. Although this broad difficulty range required addressing a variety of issues, the most important proved to be sequence-structure alignment for distant homology targets. The alignment step was based on structure-based evaluation of alignment variants produced mainly with PSI-BLAST intermediate sequence search procedure (PSI-BLAST-ISS). Although a fraction of correctly aligned residues in resulting models was markedly better than the average in all cases, for distant homology targets it was still considerably below the estimated achievable level. Results with CASP4 targets show that, along with the correctness of sequence-structure alignments, effective use of multiple template structures may significantly increase accuracy of the model structure. Improvement in this area should also result in more accurate loop modeling and side-chain prediction. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Venclovas, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PY 2001 SU 5 BP 47 EP 54 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 519BC UT WOS:000173702700007 ER PT J AU Bonneau, R Tsai, J Ruczinski, I Chivian, D Rohl, C Strauss, CEM Baker, D AF Bonneau, R Tsai, J Ruczinski, I Chivian, D Rohl, C Strauss, CEM Baker, D TI Rosetta in CASP4: Progress in ab initio protein structure prediction SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE contact order; Rosetta; CASP; structure prediction; clustering; fold complexity; topology ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE; SEQUENCES; MATRICES AB Rosetta ab initio protein structure predictions in CASP4 were considerably more consistent and more accurate than previous ab initio structure predictions. Large segments were correctly predicted (> 50 residues superimposed within an RMSD of 6.5 Angstrom) for 16 of the 21 domains under 300 residues for which models were submitted. Models with the global fold largely correct were produced for several targets with new folds, and for several difficult fold recognition targets, the Rosetta models were more accurate than those produced with traditional fold recognition models. These promising results suggest that Rosetta may soon be able to contribute to the interpretation of genome sequence information. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Biochem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Baker, D (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biochem, Box 357350, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Rohl, Carol/I-2589-2012; Baker, David/K-8941-2012 OI Rohl, Carol/0000-0002-9229-3917; Baker, David/0000-0001-7896-6217 NR 25 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PY 2001 SU 5 BP 119 EP 126 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 519BC UT WOS:000173702700014 ER PT J AU Xu, D Crawford, OH LoCascio, PF Xu, Y AF Xu, D Crawford, OH LoCascio, PF Xu, Y TI Application of PROSPECT in CASP4: Characterizing protein structures with new folds SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE protein structure prediction; threading; fold recognition; new fold; CASP ID COMPUTATIONAL METHOD; PREDICTION; EFFICIENT; SEQUENCES; DATABASE; DESIGN AB In the Fourth Community Wide Experiment on the Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP4), we predicted all 43 targets using our threading application PROSPECT. PROSPECT guarantees to find an optimal alignment between a protein sequence and a structural fold for a general energy function with pairwise contact potential. For each prediction, it gives a reliability assessment based on a neural network approach. In addition, PROSPECT has been added to the Genomic Integrated Supercomputing Toolkit (GIST) and is deployed on terascale computing resources. Structural predictions in CASP4 included three categories, that is comparative modeling, fold recognition, and prediction for structures with new folds. In the fold recognition category, PROSPECT correctly identified 8 of a total of 22 and finished the sixth in the total scores among 127 assessed groups. In the ''new fold'' category, it found important structural features for most targets, and its overall performance is among the best of all prediction methods. Our CASP4 performance demonstrates that PROSPECT is a powerful tool to quickly characterize structures with new folds, and it may provide useful structural restraints for ab initio prediction methods. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Sect, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Xu, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Biol Sect, Div Life Sci, 1060 Commerce Pk Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PY 2001 SU 5 BP 140 EP 148 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 519BC UT WOS:000173702700017 ER PT J AU Koel, M Ljovin, S Hollis, K Rubin, J AF Koel, M Ljovin, S Hollis, K Rubin, J TI Using neoteric solvents in oil shale studies SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th European Conference on Analytical Chemistry (EUROANALYSIS 11) CY SEP 03-08, 2000 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL ID IONIC LIQUIDS; MOLTEN-SALTS; EXTRACTION; COAL; SFE AB The liquefaction, gasification, and other chemical modifications of oil shale art: challenging goals of chemistry and chemical engineering. The use of new solvent systems, such as supercritical fluids and ionic liquids, represents new avenues in the search of environmentally benign technologies. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with carbon dioxide is particularly effective for the isolation of substances of medium molecular weight and relatively low polarity. At elevated temperatures it is possible to unite the breaking chemical bonds in the kerogen organic matter and convert the former into oil with extraction using supercritical fluids. Quantitative and qualitative information obtained at different temperatures during SFE is providing some insight into the speciation of hydrocarbons in geological samples. Ionic liquids were studied as potential solvents for kerogen extraction. However, these chemical processes are favored at elevated temperatures up to the thermal degradation temperature of kerogen, approximate to 400 degreesC. There were observed significant differences in the chemical composition of extracted oil and from the oil from the classical semicoking process of oil shale. An additional application would be a combination of the two methods-the use of supercritical carbon dioxide to recover nonvolatile organic compounds from room-temperature: ionic liquid without using organic solvents. C1 Estonian Acad Sci, Inst Chem, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Koel, M (reprint author), Estonian Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Akadeemia Tee 15, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia. RI Koel, Mihkel/B-8226-2009 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 13 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 73 IS 1 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1351/pac200173010153 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 423FX UT WOS:000168165700022 ER PT S AU Ullrich, TS AF Ullrich, TS BE Colangelo, P Nardulli, G TI The first year at RHIC SO QCD (AT) WORK SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Internation Workshop on Quantum Chromodynamics - Theory and Experiment CY JUN 16-20, 2001 CL BARI, ITALY SP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Minist Univ & Sci Res, Adm Coucil, Univ Bari, Phys Dept ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; QCD PHASE-TRANSITION; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PLUS AU COLLISIONS; ROOT-S(NN)=130 GEV; PION INTERFEROMETRY; AU+AU COLLISIONS; ELLIPTIC FLOW; MULTIPLICITY AB The field of relativistic heavy ion physics is entering a new regime with the startup of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). RHIC commenced operation for physics in the Summer of 2000 in a short but successful run delivering the highest center-of-mass energies ever reached in the laboratory. In this talk I give a brief overview of RHIC and its experiments, and discuss some of the many physics results obtained so far. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ullrich, TS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0046-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 602 BP 307 EP 318 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BU39P UT WOS:000175883200036 ER PT S AU Holm, DD AF Holm, DD BE Barenghi, CF Donnelly, RJ Vinen, WF TI Introduction to HVBK dynamics SO QUANTIZED VORTEX DYNAMICS AND SUPERFLUID TURBULENCE SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantized Vortex Dynamics and Superfluid Turbulence CY AUG, 2000 CL UNIV CAMBRIDGE, ISAAC NEWTON INST MATH SCI, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND HO UNIV CAMBRIDGE, ISAAC NEWTON INST MATH SCI ID SUPERFLUID-HELIUM; HYDRODYNAMICS AB We review the Hall-Vinen-Bekarevich-Khalatnikov (HVBK) equations for superfluid Helium turbulence and discuss their implications for recent measurements of superfluid turbulence decay. A new Hamiltonian formulation of these equations renormalizes the vortex line velocity to incorporate finite temperature effects. These effects also renormalize the coupling constant in the mutual friction force between the superfluid and normal fluid components by a factor of rho(s)/rho (the superfluid mass fraction) but they leave the vortex line tension unaffected. Thus, the original HVBK form is recovered at zero temperature and its mutual friction coefficients are renormalized at nonzero temperature. The HVBK equations keep their form and no new parameters are added. However, a temperature dependent trade-off does arise between the mutual friction coupling and the vortex line tension. The renormalized HVBK equations obtained via this new Hamiltonian approach imply a dynamical equation for the space-integratcd vortex tangle length, which is the quantity measured by second sound attenuation experiments in superfluid turbulence. A Taylor-Proudman theorem also emerges for the superfluid vortices that shows the steady vortex line velocity becomes columnar under rapid rotation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Holm, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-42226-9 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2001 VL 571 BP 114 EP 130 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BU56G UT WOS:000176363600010 ER PT S AU Aranson, I Steinberg, V AF Aranson, I Steinberg, V BE Barenghi, CF Donnelly, RJ Vinen, WF TI Ginzburg-Landau description of vortex nucleation in a rotating superfluid SO QUANTIZED VORTEX DYNAMICS AND SUPERFLUID TURBULENCE SE LECTURE NOTES IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantized Vortex Dynamics and Superfluid Turbulence CY AUG, 2000 CL UNIV CAMBRIDGE, ISAAC NEWTON INST MATH SCI, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND HO UNIV CAMBRIDGE, ISAAC NEWTON INST MATH SCI ID PHASE-TRANSITION; DEFECT FORMATION; HELIUM-II; SPIN-UP; VORTICES; QUENCH AB Nucleation of vortices in rotating superfluid by spin-up and rapid thermal quench is discussed in the framework of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation (TDGLE). An analysis of the instability in inhomogencous rotationally-invariant system results in the expression for the critical rotational velocity. A stability analysis of multicharged vortices is presented. It is shown that they are very long-living objects with lifetime inversely proportional to the dissipation rate. It was found by numerical and analytical solution of the TDCLE that vortex nucleation by rapid thermal quench in the presence of superflow is dominated by a transverse instability of the moving normal-sup er fluid interface. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Aranson, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Aranson, Igor/I-4060-2013; Steinberg, Victor/B-3205-2009 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0075-8450 BN 3-540-42226-9 J9 LECT NOTES PHYS PY 2001 VL 571 BP 276 EP 282 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BU56G UT WOS:000176363600026 ER PT B AU Zurek, WH AF Zurek, WH BE Tombesi, P Hirota, O TI Einselection and decoherence from an information theory perspective SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, COMPUTING, AND MEASUREMENT 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement, and Computing CY JUL 03-08, 2000 CL CAPRI, ITALY SP Tamagawa Univ, Univ Camerino, NEC, SCAT, MagiQ Technologies, Elsag Informat, Yamaha Motor Europe, Telecom Italia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, CNR Gruppo Nazl Struttura Mat, Ist Nazl Fis Mat ID QUANTUM BROWNIAN-MOTION; STATE DETERMINATION; INTEGRAL APPROACH; COHERENT STATES; ENVIRONMENT; PREDICTABILITY; CLASSICALITY AB We introduce and investigate a simple model of conditional quantum dynamics, It allows for a discussion of the information-theoretic aspects of quantum measurements, decoherence, and environment-induced superselection (einselection). C1 LANL, Theory Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zurek, WH (reprint author), LANL, Theory Div, T-6 MS B288, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46609-0 PY 2001 BP 115 EP 125 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BT93H UT WOS:000174471100017 ER PT B AU Benioff, P AF Benioff, P BE Tombesi, P Hirota, O TI The representation of numbers by states in quantum mechanics SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATION, COMPUTING, AND MEASUREMENT 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement, and Computing CY JUL 03-08, 2000 CL CAPRI, ITALY SP Tamagawa Univ, Univ Camerino, NEC, SCAT, MagiQ Technologies, Elsag Informat, Yamaha Motor Europe, Telecom Italia, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, CNR Gruppo Nazl Struttura Mat, Ist Nazl Fis Mat DE number representation; quantum states; quantum computers ID COMPUTATION; DECOHERENCE; COMPUTERS AB The representation of numbers by tensor product states of composite quantum systems is examined. Consideration is limitedto k - ary representations of length L and arithmetic mod k(L). An abstract representation on an L fold tensor product Hilbert space H-arith of number states and operators for the basic arithmetic operation is described. Unitary maps onto a physical parameter based tensor product space H-phy are defined and the relations between these two spaces and the dependence of algorithm dynamics on the unitary maps is discussed. The important condition of efficient implementation by physically realizable Hamiltonians of the basic arithmetic operations is also discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benioff, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46609-0 PY 2001 BP 171 EP 178 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Optics; Physics GA BT93H UT WOS:000174471100028 ER PT B AU Klimov, VI Mikhailovsky, AA Hollingsworth, JA Malko, A Leatherdale, CA Eisler, HJ Bawendi, MG AF Klimov, VI Mikhailovsky, AA Hollingsworth, JA Malko, A Leatherdale, CA Eisler, HJ Bawendi, MG BE Cahay, M Leburton, JP Lockwood, DJ Bandyopadhyay, S Harris, JS TI Stimulated emission and lasing in nanocrystal quantum dots SO QUANTUM CONFINEMENT VI: NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International on Quantum Confinement - Nanostructured Materials and Devices CY SEP 05-06, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Dielect Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Electrochem Soc, Luminescence & Display Mat Div ID LASERS; GAIN AB We examine competing dynamical processes involved in optical gain and stimulated emission in CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs). NQDs with diameters from 2 to 8 nm are prepared using solution-based organometallic reactions. Due to strong quantum confinement, they exhibit size-dependent spectral tunability over an energy range as wide as several hundred meV. We observe a strong effect of the matrix/solvent on optical gain properties of CdSe dots. In most of the commonly used solvents (such as hexane and toluene), gain is suppressed due to strong photoinduced absorption associated with carriers trapped at solvent-related interface states. In contrast, matrix-free close packed NQD films (NQD solids) exhibit large optical gain with a magnitude that is sufficiently high for the optical gain to successfully compete with multiparticle Auger recombination. These films exhibit narrowband stimulated emission at both cryogenic and room temperature, and the emission color is tunable with dot size. Moreover, the NQD films can be incorporated into microcavities of different geometries (e.g., micro-capillary tubes) that produce lasing in whispering gallery modes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Klimov, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, MS-J585, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-352-0 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 19 BP 321 EP 333 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BV99J UT WOS:000180622500030 ER PT S AU Semertzidis, YK AF Semertzidis, YK CA Muon g-2 Collaborat BE Cantatore, G TI The Muon anomalous magnetic moment experiment at Brookhaven SO QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS AND PHYSICS OF THE VACUUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Frontier Tests of Quantum Electrodynamics and Physics of the Vacuum CY OCT 05-11, 2000 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Univ Tokyo, Antimatter Sci Project, Assicuraz Gen, ETH, Zurich, Fdn Cassa Risparmio Trieste, Reg Friuli Venezia Giulia, Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Scuola Intnazl Superiore Studi Avanzati, Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; POSITIVE MUON AB The current status of the Muon g - 2 experiment is described. together with its motivation, future goals and the pl ogress of the analysis achieved up to now. The pion injection run of 1997 has resulted to a 13 ppm measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon and the 1998 muon injection run to a 5 ppm. The 1999 run analysis, during which we collected about one billion events with energy greater than 2 GeV, after 30 mus from injection, is close to completion. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Semertzidis, YK (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0000-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 564 BP 200 EP 208 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BS20H UT WOS:000169066900025 ER PT J AU Heimsath, AM Chappell, J Dietrich, WE Nishiizumi, K Finkel, RC AF Heimsath, AM Chappell, J Dietrich, WE Nishiizumi, K Finkel, RC TI Late Quaternary erosion in southeastern Australia: a field example using cosmogenic nuclides SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Australian Quarternary Studies, A Tribute to Jim Bowler CY FEB, 2000 CL CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA ID SOUTH-EASTERN HIGHLANDS; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; CONTINENTAL MARGINS; ESCARPMENT RETREAT; PRODUCTION-RATES; SCALING FACTORS; SOIL DEPTH; BE-10; AL-26; DENUDATION AB Late Quaternary rates of apparent soil production. bedrock incision. and average erosion are determined for the southeastern highlands of Australia using in situ produced cosmogenic nuclide concentrations of Be-10 and Al-26. Apparent soil production rates define a steep, inverse exponential function of soil depth with a maximum of 143 in Ma(-1) under zero soil depth. There were no observed soil depths between about 25 cm and zero. however. such that the maximum observed rate is about 50 in Ma(-1). The Bredbo River catchment average erosion rate is 15 +/- I m M-1, and is similar to the average hillslope erosion rate of 16 +/- I in Ma(-1). Bedrock incision rates average 9 m Ma(-1) and suggest that the higher rates of hillslope erosion may be in response to a pulse of incision. perhaps generated by knickpoint propagation. Bedrock erosion rates inferred from a tor profile average 3.8 m Ma(-1), with higher rates on other, more weathered tor tops. An aboveground tor profile of nuclide concentrations is consistent with a simple model of rapid stripping of the surrounding saprolite, supporting the view that at least one episodic period of increased denudation has affected the landscape evolution of the highlands. We test this hypothesis by using a simple landscape evolution model to reasonably predict the spatial variation of soil depth as well as the emergence of tors. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geol & Geophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Heimsath, AM (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 77 TC 108 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PY 2001 VL 83-5 BP 169 EP 185 DI 10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00038-6 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 478PN UT WOS:000171354700013 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, Y Esat, TM Lambeck, K AF Yokoyama, Y Esat, TM Lambeck, K TI Last glacial sea-level change deduced from uplifted coral terraces of Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea SO QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Australian Quarternary Studies, A Tribute to Jim Bowler CY FEB, 2000 CL CANBERRA, AUSTRALIA ID COSEISMIC UPLIFT; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; DIAGENESIS; RECORDS; U-234/U-238; SEAWATER; DURATION; FLORIDA; REEFS; AGES AB We have dated corals sampled from the uplifted terraces of Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea. that grew during the Marine Isotope Stage 3, to reconstruct sea-levels of the last glacial period from 30 to 55 ka (kiloannum). Mass spectrometric U-series dating methods resulted in high precision dates and could also be used to recognize diagenetically altered samples. The only quantitative test of open-system behaviour of both uranium and thorium isotopes involves the comparison of U-234/U-238 ratios. at the time of coral growth. with present sea-water values. Additional tests included checks for systematic variations in stable isotopes. X-ray diffraction to detect calcification and petrographic examination. Sea-levels were corrected for glacio-hydro-isostatic variations and also for the depth range of coral growth habitat. Sea-levels from 30 to 55 ka were approximately 80 m lower than present. Superimposed on this general trend. four periodic sea-level high-stands were found, at 6-8 ka intervals., approximately at 30. 38, 44 and 52 ka, that appear to be synchronous With rapid climate variations previously observed in ice cores and in deep sea sediments. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved. C1 Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Geol, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Yokoyama, Y (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Space Sci Lab, POB 808,L-202, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Yokoyama, Yusuke/N-9623-2013; OI Esat, Tezer/0000-0001-5331-6568 NR 36 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1040-6182 J9 QUATERN INT JI Quat. Int. PY 2001 VL 83-5 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1016/S1040-6182(01)00045-3 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 478PN UT WOS:000171354700020 ER PT J AU Byrne, R Ingram, BL Starratt, S Malamud-Roam, F Collins, JN Conrad, ME AF Byrne, R Ingram, BL Starratt, S Malamud-Roam, F Collins, JN Conrad, ME TI Carbon-isotope, diatom, and pollen evidence for Late Holocene salinity change in a brackish marsh in the San Francisco Estuary SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE San Francisco Estuary; Holocene; paleosalinity; pollen; diatoms; carbon isotopes ID STABLE ISOTOPES; CALIFORNIA; RECORD; BAY; PALEOSALINITY; SEDIMENTS; PLANTS; USA AB Analysis of diatoms, pollen, and the carbon-isotopic composition of a sediment core from a brackish marsh in the northern part of the San Francisco Estuary has provided a paleosalinity record that covers the past 3000 yr. Changes in marsh composition and diatom frequencies are assumed to represent variations in freshwater inflow to the estuary. Three periods of relatively high salinity (low freshwater inflow) are indicated, 3000 to 2500 cal yr B.P., 1700 to 730 cal yr B.P., and ca. A.D. 1930 to the present. The most recent period of high salinity is primarily due to upstream storage and water diversion within the Sacramento-San Joaquin watershed, although drought may also have been a factor. The two earlier high-salinity periods are likely the result of reduced precipitation. Low salinity (high freshwater flow) is indicated for the period 750 cal yr B.P. to A.D. 1930. (C) 2001 University of Washington. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. San Francisco Estuary Inst, Richmond Field Stn 180, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Byrne, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, 501 Mccone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Conrad, Mark/G-2767-2010 NR 39 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0033-5894 J9 QUATERNARY RES JI Quat. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 55 IS 1 BP 66 EP 76 DI 10.1006/qres.2000.2199 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 409XE UT WOS:000167410300009 ER PT J AU Lozhkin, AV Anderson, PM Vartanyan, SL Brown, TA Belaya, BV Kotov, AN AF Lozhkin, AV Anderson, PM Vartanyan, SL Brown, TA Belaya, BV Kotov, AN TI Late Quaternary paleoenvironments and modern pollen data from Wrangel Island (Northern Chukotka) SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Beringian Paleoenvironments Workshop CY 1997 CL BERINGIA, RUSSIA ID ALASKA; PEAT; ASSEMBLAGES; VEGETATION; BERINGIA; CANADA; NWT AB New lacustrine records from central and southern Wrangel Island are analyzed for their pollen content in an attempt to clarify possible linkages between paleoenvironmental shifts and the dwarfing and/or extinction of the island's mammoth population. A Younger Dryas-aged peat is also examined to provide better understanding of the regional climatic history. Samples of surficial lake sediments from Wrangel Island and Chukotka aid in interpreting the lacustrine records. The modern spectra differentiate the herb-dominated tundra of Wrangel Island from the shrub tundras of the mainland and are unique when compared to other arctic assemblages. Analysis of the fossil data indicates that a herb-dominated tundra has been present on southern and central Wrangel Island since at least 11 ka BP. Comparison to modern palynological data implies little change in vegetation during the Holocene. The lacustrine interpretations contrast to those based on paleobotanical study of peats and alluvium, which suggest modern vegetation was not present until ca 4-3 ka BP. Pre-Holocene assemblages have high percentages of Cyperaceae pollen, perhaps indicating more moderate conditions. Summer climate is inferred to be warmer and moister than present during the latest Pleistocene and early Holocene. The pattern of postglacial warming on Wrangel Island is more like that from eastern Beringia than from other areas of western Beringia. Modern synoptic anomaly maps indicate that such a climatic pattern is reasonable and related to the presence of negative anomalies over western Beringia and a region of weaker positive 500 mb pressure centered over the Beaufort Sea. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Far E Branch, NE Interdisciplinary Res Inst, Magadan 685000, Russia. Wrangel Isl State Preserve, Ushakovskoye 687870, Wrangel Island, Russia. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Far E Branch, Sci Res Ctr Chukotka, Anadyr 686710, Russia. RP Anderson, PM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Quaternary Res Ctr, Box 351360, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 43 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1-3 BP 217 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00121-9 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 386NK UT WOS:000166068300016 ER PT J AU Caceres, D Vergara, I Gonzalez, R Chen, Y AF Caceres, D Vergara, I Gonzalez, R Chen, Y TI Nanoindentation on nominally pure and doped MgO crystals SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials CY 2000 CL JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA DE nanoindentation; reduction; oxidation; impurities; MgO ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS AB Hardness and Young's modulus were determined in MgO crystals using a nanoindentation technique. Both nominally pure and hydrogen-doped crystals have a hardness of 9.1 GPa. After thermochemical reduction at 2200 K a hardness value of 10.2 GPa was obtained. Hardness enhancement is associated with oxygen vacancies induced by the thermal treatment. In lithium-doped crystals, the increase to 10.1 GPa after oxidation, and 9.9 GPa after reduction at 1873 K, was attributed to optically active defects absorbing at 1.8 eV and 5.3 eV respectively, Doping with nickel increases the hardness to 10.1 GPa. Oxidation or reduction of MgO:Ni crystals do not further harden the crystals. In all these crystals, the Young's modulus was 290 GPa, indicating that the elastic properties are not influenced either by impurities or intrinsic defects. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Madrid 28911, Spain. US DOE, Div Mat Sci, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Gonzalez, R (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Avda Univ 30, Madrid 28911, Spain. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 2001 VL 156 IS 1-4 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1080/10420150108216870 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 513GK UT WOS:000173369400007 ER PT J AU Bridges, F Cao, D Anderson, M Ramirez, AP Olapinski, M Subramanian, MA Booth, CH Kwei, G AF Bridges, F Cao, D Anderson, M Ramirez, AP Olapinski, M Subramanian, MA Booth, CH Kwei, G TI Changes of the local distortions and colossal magnetoresistive properties of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 induced by Ti or Ga defects SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials CY APR 03-07, 2000 CL JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA SP Anglo Amer Chairmans Fund, DeBeers Ind Diamonds Pty Ltd, French Embassy, Natl Res Fdn, Pretoria, SATOUR, Gauteng & Pretoria, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut, S African, US Binat Commiss, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Royal Soc, Univ North, Univ Witwatersrand DE EXAFS; CMR; local distortions ID LA1-XCAXMNO3; LA1-XSRXMNO3; MAGNETISM AB The magnetoresistive properties of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 change rapidly when Ti or Ga is substituted on the Mn site for concentrations, x, from 1 to 10%. The samples exhibit colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) and the resistivity increases dramatically with dopant concentration. The temperature of the resistivity peak, T-R, shifts rapidly to lower temperatures with increasing x, and the ferromagnetic transition broadens. However, the transition temperature, T-c is only slightly suppressed. Consequently T-R occurs well below T-c for x above 2%. Investigations of these materials using Mn XAFS show that changes in the local structure, parameterized by the pair-distribution width, sigma, correlate with T-c and the sample magnetization. For a given dopant, the resistivity peak occurs when sigma(2) decreases below a critical value. Both dopants produce extended defects which increases the resistivity of the nearby material considerably. The data suggest that even at similar to4% most of the sites are slightly distorted at low T. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Dupont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Expt Stn, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bridges, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RI Booth, Corwin/A-7877-2008 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 2001 VL 155 IS 1-4 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1080/10420150108214089 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 512NW UT WOS:000173331300007 ER PT J AU Smith, DY Inokuti, M AF Smith, DY Inokuti, M TI Ion-size effects and the spatial extent of defects SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials CY APR 03-07, 2000 CL JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA SP Anglo Amer Chairmans Fund, DeBeers Ind Diamonds Pty Ltd, French Embassy, Natl Res Fdn, Pretoria, SATOUR, Gauteng & Pretoria, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut, S African, US Binat Commiss, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Royal Soc, Univ North, Univ Witwatersrand DE defect size; F centres; sum rules; Pauli principle; orthogonalization; localization AB Analysis of the F-centre's optical absorption indicates that the radii of centres with large cation neighbours are greater than the radii of those with smaller neighbours. We resolve this apparent conflict with the Pauli exclusion principle by calculating the rms radii of point-ion model wave functions orthogonalized to the occupied core states of nearest-neighbour ions. Orthogonality to s-like ion-core states shifts defect charge toward neighbours' nuclei. This yields negligible change in rms size, but a large increase in hyperfine interaction, an effect established by ENDOR. Orthogonalization to p-like core states relocates charge lying between the F-centre and the ions to the outer sides of the ions expanding the defect charge distribution. The larger the neighbours, the greater is the expansion. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Vermont, Dept Phys, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. RP Smith, DY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 2001 VL 155 IS 1-4 BP 43 EP 49 DI 10.1080/10420150108214090 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 512NW UT WOS:000173331300008 ER PT J AU Sickafus, KE Minervini, L Grimes, RW Valdez, JA Hartmann, T AF Sickafus, KE Minervini, L Grimes, RW Valdez, JA Hartmann, T TI A comparison between radiation damage accumulation in oxides with pyrochlore and florite structures SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials CY APR 03-07, 2000 CL JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA SP Anglo Amer Chairmans Fund, DeBeers Ind Diamonds Pty Ltd, French Embassy, Natl Res Fdn, Pretoria, SATOUR, Gauteng & Pretoria, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut, S African, US Binat Commiss, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Royal Soc, Univ North, Univ Witwatersrand DE ion irradiation; pyrochlore; fluorite; amorphization; point defects AB Ion irradiation damage experiments were performed on single crystals of the pyrochlore compound Er2Ti2O7 and the fluorite compound Er2Zr2O7. Results indicate that the pyrochlore compound is far more susceptible to defect accumulation and amorphization than the fluorite compound. In particular, Er2Ti2O7 irradiated with 350 keV Xe++ ions succumbs to an amorphization transformation by a fluence of 1 x 10(15) Xe/cm(2), while Er2Zr2O7 remains crystalline with no change in crystal structure to at least 5 x 10(16) Xe/cm(2). Atomistic computer simulations were used to explain this difference in radiation damage behavior between compounds with similar structures. Simulations of defect formation energies reveal that point defects induced by irradiation, such as cation antisite and anion Frenkel pairs, are far more stable in the fluorite compound than in the pyrochlore compound. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2BP, England. RP Sickafus, KE (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS-G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 2001 VL 155 IS 1-4 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1080/10420150108214104 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 512NW UT WOS:000173331300022 ER PT J AU Galinetto, P Giulotto, E Camagni, R Samoggia, G Trepakov, VA Boatner, LA AF Galinetto, P Giulotto, E Camagni, R Samoggia, G Trepakov, VA Boatner, LA TI Structural effects of Li and Nb codoping in a KTaO3 matrix: A Raman investigation SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials CY APR 03-07, 2000 CL JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA SP Anglo Amer Chairmans Fund, DeBeers Ind Diamonds Pty Ltd, French Embassy, Natl Res Fdn, Pretoria, SATOUR, Gauteng & Pretoria, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut, S African, US Binat Commiss, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Royal Soc, Univ North, Univ Witwatersrand DE phase transitions; impurity centers; Raman spectroscopy ID FERROELECTRIC PHASE-TRANSITION; SCATTERING; IMPURITY AB Raman investigations on single crystals of K1-xLixTa1-yNbyO3 were performed to identify structural effects arising from the simultaneous presence of off-centre Li and Nb ions in the incipient ferroelectric KTaO3. Two soft-mode transitions were evidenced at 45 K and 30 K in a sample with x=0.0014 and y=0.024 after both zero-field and field cooling. These temperatures are close to the maximum and to the extrapolated Curie temperature for non-relaxing permittivity reported in the same system. A sample with x=0.0028 and y=0.013 displayed a ferroelectric transition just below 30 K only after field cooling, also being consistent with permittivity data. C1 Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Mat, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Trepakov, VA (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague 18221 8, Czech Republic. RI Trepakov, Vladimir/H-1352-2014; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 2001 VL 155 IS 1-4 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1080/10420150108214124 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 512NW UT WOS:000173331300042 ER PT J AU Trepakov, V Savinov, M Kappahn, S Jastrabik, L Camagni, P Boatner, LA AF Trepakov, V Savinov, M Kappahn, S Jastrabik, L Camagni, P Boatner, LA TI Li and Nb codoping in dielectric properties and phase transitions of KTaO3: Reentrant dipolar glass and long-range dipole ordering SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials CY APR 03-07, 2000 CL JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA SP Anglo Amer Chairmans Fund, DeBeers Ind Diamonds Pty Ltd, French Embassy, Natl Res Fdn, Pretoria, SATOUR, Gauteng & Pretoria, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut, S African, US Binat Commiss, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Royal Soc, Univ North, Univ Witwatersrand DE off-center impurity ions; phase transitions; dipole glass ID SYSTEM AB The highly polarizable perovskite-type oxide, KTaO3 doped simultaneously with Li+ and Nb5+ (K1 - xLixTa1 - yNbyO3, KLTN), reveals unexpected properties and ordering effects. Studies of the dielectric permittivity epsilon'(T,f) (10-300 K, 100 Hz-1 MHz) for x = 0.0014 and y = 0.024 show collective dipolar ordering effects with a transition from paraelectric into a mixed phase (coexisting dipole-glass-like and long-range ordered ferroelectric phases) taking place near 39 K. At 15 K another phase transition into a reentrant dipolar glass-like state is observed. Such a sequence of transitions and the existence of a reentrant glass state are unknown for electrical dipolar systems. C1 AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. AS CR, Inst Phys, Prague 18121 8, Czech Republic. Univ Osnabruck, FB Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Dipartimento Fis A Volta, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Trepakov, V (reprint author), AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Trepakov, Vladimir/H-1352-2014; Jastrabik, Lubomir /H-1217-2014; Savinov, Maxim/H-2417-2014; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 2001 VL 155 IS 1-4 BP 367 EP 371 DI 10.1080/10420150108214139 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 512NW UT WOS:000173331300057 ER PT J AU Tardio, M Ramirez, R Gonzalez, R Chen, Y Kokta, MR AF Tardio, M Ramirez, R Gonzalez, R Chen, Y Kokta, MR TI Electrical conductivity in magnesium-doped Al2O3 crystals at moderate temperatures SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials CY APR 03-07, 2000 CL JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA SP Anglo Amer Chairmans Fund, DeBeers Ind Diamonds Pty Ltd, French Embassy, Natl Res Fdn, Pretoria, SATOUR, Gauteng & Pretoria, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut, S African, US Binat Commiss, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Royal Soc, Univ North, Univ Witwatersrand DE electrical conductivity; [Mg](0) centers; Al2O3 : Mg ID MGO SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SPIN-RESONANCE; IONIZATION; DEFECTS AB AC and DC electrical measurements between 273 and 800 K were used to characterize the electrical conductivity of Al2O3 : Mg single crystals containing [Mg](0) centers. At low fields contacts are blocking. At high fields, electrical current flows steadily through the sample and the I-V characteristic corresponds to a directly biased barrier with a series resistance (bulk resistance). AC measurements yield values for the junction capacitance as well as for the sample resistance, and provide reproducible conductivity values. The conductivity varies linearly with the [Mg](0) concentration and a thermal activation energy of 0.67 eV was obtained, which agrees very well with the activation energy previously reported for the motion of free holes. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Madrid 28911, Spain. US DOE, Div Mat Sci, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. BICRON Crystal Prod, Washougal, WA 98671 USA. RP Ramirez, R (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Avda Univ 30, Madrid 28911, Spain. RI Ramirez Jimenez, Rafael/I-1769-2015; TARDIO LOPEZ, MIGUEL M./G-3177-2016 OI TARDIO LOPEZ, MIGUEL M./0000-0001-7413-0009 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 2001 VL 155 IS 1-4 BP 409 EP 413 DI 10.1080/10420150108214146 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 512NW UT WOS:000173331300064 ER PT J AU Ramirez, R Colera, I Gonzalez, R Savoini, B Chen, Y AF Ramirez, R Colera, I Gonzalez, R Savoini, B Chen, Y TI Hydrogen-deuterium exchange induced by an electric field in alpha-Al2O3 single crystals SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials CY APR 03-07, 2000 CL JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA SP Anglo Amer Chairmans Fund, DeBeers Ind Diamonds Pty Ltd, French Embassy, Natl Res Fdn, Pretoria, SATOUR, Gauteng & Pretoria, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut, S African, US Binat Commiss, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Royal Soc, Univ North, Univ Witwatersrand DE protons; deuterons; diffusion; electric field; alpha-Al2O3 ID DIFFUSION; PROTONS AB Hydrogen and deuterium are observed in alpha-Al2O3 crystals in the form of OH- and OD- radicals, respectively, which absorb in the infrared region. Infrared-absorption measurements were used to monitor diffusion of deuterons and protons in alpha-Al2O3 single crystals under the application of a moderate electric field parallel to the crystallographic c-axis, in the temperature range of 973-1333 K. A linear dependence of the percent of exchange with both annealing time and applied voltage is observed, indicating that ionic conduction was taking place. The activation energy for the H+ double left right arrow D+ exchange was determined to be 2.4 eV, less than half the value obtained by pure thermal means, suggesting that under the application of an electric field the deuteron (proton) diffusion mechanism is different. C1 US DOE, Div Mat Sci, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Gonzalez, R (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Avda Univ 30, Madrid 28911, Spain. RI Ramirez Jimenez, Rafael/I-1769-2015; OI SAVOINI, BEGONA/0000-0002-7347-7569 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 2001 VL 155 IS 1-4 BP 415 EP 419 DI 10.1080/10420150108214147 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 512NW UT WOS:000173331300065 ER PT J AU Klintenberg, M Weber, MJ Dujardin, C Eriksson, O Derenzo, SE AF Klintenberg, M Weber, MJ Dujardin, C Eriksson, O Derenzo, SE TI Band structure calculations of cerium activated inorganic scintillators SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials CY APR 03-07, 2000 CL JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA SP Anglo Amer Chairmans Fund, DeBeers Ind Diamonds Pty Ltd, French Embassy, Natl Res Fdn, Pretoria, SATOUR, Gauteng & Pretoria, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceut, S African, US Binatl Commiss, Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Royal Soc, Univ North, Univ Witwatersrand DE scintillator efficiency; CeF3; band structure calculations; DFT; FP-LMTO AB Trivalent cerium has been used extensively in recent years as an activator in crystalline hosts for fast scintillators. The scintillation efficiencies have been found to vary greatly, however. For example, no scintillation is observed from Ce-doped Y2O3 and LU2O3, the efficiency is low for CeF3, whereas the efficiency is very high for LU2SiO5:Ce. This behavior has been attributed in large part to the location of the ground 4f and excited 5d levels of Ce 3 with respect to the fundamental band gap of the host. We have performed band structure calculations to predict the band gaps and the location of the Ce and Lu 4f and 5d levels in the fluoride host CeF3 and in the oxide host LuAlO3. Calculations were made using a full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital (FP-LMTO) approach. We find that Ce 4f levels in CeF3 are several eV above the top of the valence band (VB), thus reducing the probability of hole capture. The Lu 4f levels in LuAlO3 are predicted to be several eV below the top of the VB. Both of these results are in agreement with experiment. Preliminary calculations on LuAlO3:CC locate the Ce 4f energy levels approximately 3 eV above the VB (O2p) which is not consistent with the high scintillation efficiency of LuAlO3:Ce. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Uppsala Univ, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, Dept Phys, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5620, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mkklintenberg@lbl.gov RI Dujardin, Christophe/A-7467-2013; Eriksson, Olle/E-3265-2014 OI Dujardin, Christophe/0000-0002-0205-9837; Eriksson, Olle/0000-0001-5111-1374 NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 EI 1029-4953 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 2001 VL 154 IS 3-4 BP 231 EP 235 DI 10.1080/10420150108214058 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 512NU UT WOS:000173331100008 ER PT J AU Ramirez, R Tardio, M Gonzalez, R Kokta, MR Chen, Y AF Ramirez, R Tardio, M Gonzalez, R Kokta, MR Chen, Y TI Electroluminescence in magnesium-doped Al2O3 crystals SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Defects in Insulating Materials CY 2000 CL JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA DE electroluminescence; [Mg](0) centers; Al2O3 : Mg crystals ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; SPECTRA; ABSORPTION; VACANCIES AB Electroluminescence (EL) was investigated in Al2O3:Mg single crystals containing thermally generated [Mg](0) centers when a current in excess of 10 muA was passed through the samples in the temperature interval 323-673 K. The EL is emitted from a narrow region at the negative electrode suggesting an electron-hole recombination process due to the injection of electrons which recombine with holes. EL bands at 3.8, 2.5, 1.8, and 1.5 eV were observed. The bands at 3.8, 1.8, and 1.5 eV are related to photoluminescence (PL) bands previously attributed to F+ centers, Cr3+, and Ti3+, respectively. The PL band at 2.5eV has been tentatively associated with excess Al3+ in the form of interstitials. The dependence of the EL spectra on the electrical current and temperature was also studied. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Leganes 28911, Madrid, Spain. BICRON Crystal Prod, Washougal, WA 98671 USA. US DOE, Div Mat Sci, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Gonzalez, R (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Escuela Politecn Super, Dept Fis, Avda Univ 30, Leganes 28911, Madrid, Spain. RI Ramirez Jimenez, Rafael/I-1769-2015; TARDIO LOPEZ, MIGUEL M./G-3177-2016 OI TARDIO LOPEZ, MIGUEL M./0000-0001-7413-0009 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK,, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 2001 VL 154 IS 3-4 BP 295 EP 299 DI 10.1080/10420150108214067 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 512NU UT WOS:000173331100017 ER PT J AU Alam, TM Celina, M Assink, RA Clough, RL Gillen, KT AF Alam, TM Celina, M Assink, RA Clough, RL Gillen, KT TI O-17 NMR investigation of oxidative degradation in polymers under gamma-irradiation SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE O-17 NMR; polymer degradation; polymer aging; oxidation; gamma-irradiation ID NORMAL-HEXADECANE AUTOXIDATION; INDUCED CROSS-LINKING; LIQUID-PHASE; PULSED NMR; RADIATION; POLYETHYLENE; ELASTOMERS AB The gamma -irradiated-oxidation of pentacontane (C50H102) and the polymer polyisoprene was investigated as a function of oxidation level using O-17 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that by using O-17 labeled O-2 gas during the gamma -irradiation process, details about the oxidative degradation mechanisms can be directly obtained from the analysis of the O-17 NMR spectra. Production of carboxylic acids is the primary oxygen-containing functionality during the oxidation of pentacontane, while ethers and alcohols are the dominant oxidation product observed for polyisoprene. The formation of ester species during the oxidation process is very minor for both materials, with water also being produced in significant amounts during the radiolytic oxidation of polyisoprene. The ability to focus on the oxidative component of the degradation process using O-17 NMR spectroscopy demonstrates the selectivity of this technique over more conventional approaches. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alam, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Organ Mat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 26 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-806X J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 60 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(00)00314-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 396ZP UT WOS:000166668500020 ER PT J AU Sutherland, BM Bennett, PV Saparbaev, M Sutherland, JC Laval, J AF Sutherland, BM Bennett, PV Saparbaev, M Sutherland, JC Laval, J TI Clustered DNA damages as dosemeters for ionising radiation exposure and biological responses SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Sympsoium on 21st Century Biodosimetry: Quantifying the Past and Predicting the Future CY FEB 22, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA ID COLI ENDONUCLEASE-III; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; APURINIC APYRIMIDINIC SITES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IONIZING-RADIATION; SUBSTRATE-SPECIFICITY; HUMAN-LEUKOCYTES; PROTEIN-KINASE; FREE-RADICALS; FPG PROTEIN AB Clustered DNA damages - two or more lesions (oxidised bases, abasic sites, or strand breaks) within a few DNA helical turns On opposing strands - are induced in DNA in solution and in vivo in human cells by ionising radiation. They have been postulated to be difficult to repair, and thus of potentially high biological significance, Since the total of clustered damages produced by ionising radiation is at about 3 to 4 times hi.-her levels than double-strand breaks and are apparently absent in unirradiated cells, levels of clustered damages present immediately after radiation exposure could serve as sensitive dosemeters of radiation exposure. Since some clusters may not be repairable and may accumulate in cells, they might also be Useful as integrating dosemeters of biological effects of radiation damage. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Gustave Roussy, Grp Reparat ADN, CNRS, UMR 8532, F-94805 Villejuif, France. RP Sutherland, BM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Saparbaev, Murat/N-3225-2015 OI Saparbaev, Murat/0000-0002-4630-1074 NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2001 VL 97 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 496AQ UT WOS:000172373000006 PM 11763355 ER PT J AU Tucker, JD AF Tucker, JD TI Fish cytogenetics and the future of radiation biodosimetry SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Sympsoium on 21st Century Biodosimetry: Quantifying the Past and Predicting the Future CY FEB 22, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA ID IN-SITU-HYBRIDIZATION; PREDICT HUMAN CANCER; EUROPEAN STUDY-GROUP; INDUCED CELL DEATH; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; IONIZING-RADIATION; BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY; TRANSLOCATIONS; PERSISTENCE; EXPOSURE AB Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with whole chromosome paints has greatly facilitated the analysis of structural chromosome aberrations and has led to translocations replacing dicentrics as the aberration of choice for many applications. Major challenges remain if we are to go from translocations to an understanding of the health consequences of radiation exposure, Yet to be surmounted are the roles of individual susceptibility, time since exposure, and the effects of subjects' age. Accomplishing these objectives will require automation, reduced costs, improved calibration, and extensive use of baseline samples. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Tucker, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB 808,L-448,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA59431] NR 45 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2001 VL 97 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 496AQ UT WOS:000172373000009 PM 11763358 ER PT J AU Jones, IM Tucker, JD Langlois, RG Mendelsohn, ML Pleshanov, P Nelson, DO AF Jones, IM Tucker, JD Langlois, RG Mendelsohn, ML Pleshanov, P Nelson, DO TI Evaluation of three somatic genetic biomarkers as indicators of low dose radiation effects in clean-up workers of the Chernobyl Nuclear Reactor accident SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Sympsoium on 21st Century Biodosimetry: Quantifying the Past and Predicting the Future CY FEB 22, 2001 CL ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; GLYCOPHORIN-A LOCUS; PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE HPRT GENE; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; PREDICT HUMAN CANCER; HYPOXANTHINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; INDUCED TRANSLOCATIONS; BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES AB The goals of this Study were to assess three biomarkers of genetic effect for their individual and collective ability to detect and estimate radiation exposure in Russian Chernobyl clean-up workers. Work assignments were planned to limit dose to 0.25 Gy. The three biomarkers employed were chromosome translocations detected in lymphocytes by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). and mutation at two genes, glycophorin A (GPA) in red blood cells detected by flow cytometry and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) in lymphocytes detected by selective Cell Culture. Samples were obtained from 1992 to 2000. The time between exposure at Chernobyl and sample acquisition was greater than or equal to5 years. The lymphocyte assays detected an elevation over controls in average outcomes in clean-up workers: translocation rates were 46% higher when adjusted for age and smoking and HPRT mutant frequencies were 16% higher when adjusted for age. The GPA assay did not detect an exposure effect, The results indicate that measuring frequency of translocations by FISH is preferred for low dose radiation, retrospective biodosimetry. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Minist Hlth Russia, Appl Ecol Res Lab, Moscow, Russia. RP Jones, IM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-441, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA59431] NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2001 VL 97 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 496AQ UT WOS:000172373000010 PM 11763359 ER PT J AU Glover, SE Traub, RJ Grimm, CA Filby, RH AF Glover, SE Traub, RJ Grimm, CA Filby, RH TI Distribution of natural thorium in the tissues of a whole body SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st European Workshop on SCK.CEN-Mol CY MAR 27-28, 2001 CL STUDIECENTRUM, BELGIUM ID TRANS-URANIUM REGISTRY; TH-232 AB The distribution of thorium in the tissues of a whole body donor to the United States Transuranium and Uranium Registries is described. This case, identified by the USTUR as Case 0212, had two documented intakes of plutonium and americium from occupational accidents while employed at Hanford but no known occupational exposure to thorium. Concentrations of Pu239+240, Am-241, and Th-232 in the tissues are compared and the distribution of these isotopes in this case is evaluated, The distribution data for Th-232 are compared to those from previous studies of thorium in human tissues resulting from environmental exposure and to an individual exposed to Thorotrast (colloidal ThO2) in a medical diagnostic procedure. The Th-232 distribution data from this work are also compared against ICRP 30 and ICRP 69 models for the behaviour of thorium in the human body. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, US Transuranium & Uranium Registries, Nucl Radiat Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Glover, SE (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, US Transuranium & Uranium Registries, Nucl Radiat Ctr, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI WSU, USTUR/I-1056-2013 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2001 VL 97 IS 2 BP 153 EP 160 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 518ER UT WOS:000173654100013 PM 11843357 ER PT J AU Fleischer, RL Meyer, NR Hadley, SA MacDonald, J Cavallo, A AF Fleischer, RL Meyer, NR Hadley, SA MacDonald, J Cavallo, A TI Personal radon dosimetry from eyeglass lenses SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-RECOIL DAMAGE; RN-222 AB Eyeglass lenses are commonly composed of allyl-diglycol carbonate (CR-39), an alpha-particle detecting plastic, thus making such lenses personal radon dosemeters. Samples of such lenses have been obtained. etched to reveal that radon and radon progeny alpha tracks can be seen in abundance, and sensitivities have been calibrated in radon chambers as a primary calibration, and with a uranium-based source of alpha particles as a convenient secondary standard. With one exception natural, environmental (fossil) track densities ranged from less than 3,000 to nearly 70,000 per cm(2) for eyeglasses that had been worn for various times from one to nearly five years. Average radon concentrations to which those wearers were exposed are inferred to be in the range 14 to 130 Bq.m(-3) (0.4 to 3.5 pCi.l(-1)). A protocol for consistent, meaningful readout is derived and used, In the exceptional case the fossil track density was 1,780,000 cm (2), and the inferred (24 h) average radon concentration was 6500 Bq.m(-3) (175 pCi.l(-1)) for a worker at an inactive uranium mine that is used for therapy. C1 Union Coll, Dept Geol, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Fleischer, RL (reprint author), Union Coll, Dept Geol, Schenectady, NY 12308 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2001 VL 97 IS 3 BP 251 EP 258 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 518EW UT WOS:000173654500006 PM 11843340 ER PT J AU Musolino, SV Briggs, SLK Stevens, AJ AF Musolino, SV Briggs, SLK Stevens, AJ TI Radiation protection and environmental management at the relativistic heavy ion collider SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article AB The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is a high energy hadron accelerator built to study basic nuclear physics. It consists of two counter-rotating beams of fully stripped gold ions that are accelerated in two rings to an energy of 100 GeV/nucleon or protons at 250 GeV/c. The beams can be stored for a period of five to ten hours and brought into collision for experiments during that time. The first major physics objective is to recreate a state of matter, the quark-gluon plasma. that has been predicted to have existed at a short time after the creation of the universe. Because there are only a few other high energy particle accelerators like RHIC in the world, the rules promulgated in the US Code of Federal Regulations under the Atomic Energy Act, State regulations, or international guidance documents do not cover prompt radiation from accelerators to govern directly the design and operation of a superconducting collider. Special design criteria for prompt radiation were developed to provide guidance for the design of radiation shielding. Environmental Management at RHIC is accomplished through the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System. The applicability, benefits, and implementation of ISO 14001 within the framework of a large research accelerator complex are discussed in the paper. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Musolino, SV (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2001 VL 96 IS 4 BP 323 EP 332 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 517VL UT WOS:000173630900004 PM 11843082 ER PT J AU Vylet, V Liu, JC AF Vylet, V Liu, JC TI Radiation protection at high energy electron accelerators SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article AB An overview is presented of radiation protection at high energy electron accelerator facilities. By 'high energy' is meant the energy domain beyond a few tens of MeV, where electromagnetic showers are the determining and dominant factor for beam interactions with matter. The basic components of electron accelerators are described and their potential impact on radiation safety. The paper then concentrates on sources of prompt radiation which distinguish these machines from other accelerator facilities and briefly describe other features such as shielding or safety systems as relevant to electron machines. A more comprehensive description of these aspects can be found elsewhere in these proceedings. In addition, general concepts presented in this review are complemented and illustrated by specific examples in the authors' synchrotron radiation work in these proceedings. C1 Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Vylet, V (reprint author), Duke Univ, OESO DUMC Box 3155, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2001 VL 96 IS 4 BP 333 EP 343 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 517VL UT WOS:000173630900005 PM 11843083 ER PT J AU Liu, JC Vylet, V AF Liu, JC Vylet, V TI Radiation protection at synchrotron radiation facilities SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON STORAGE-RINGS; GAS BREMSSTRAHLUNG; SHIELDING DESIGN; PHOTON; CODE AB A synchrotron radiation (SR) facility typically consists of an injector, a storage ring, and SR beamlines, The latter two features are unique to SR facilities, when compared to other types of accelerator facilities, The SR facilities have the characteristics of low injection beam power, but high stored beam power. The storage ring is generally above ground with people occupying the experimental floor around a normally thin concrete ring wall. This paper addresses the radiation issues. in particular the shielding design, associated with the storage ring and SR beamlines. Normal and abnormal beam losses for injection and stored beams, as well as typical storage ring operation, are described. Ring shielding design for photons and neutrons from beam losses in the ring is discussed. Radiation safety issues and shielding design for SR beamlines, considering gas bremsstrahlung and synchrotron radiation, are reviewed. Radiation source terms and the methodologies for shielding calculations are presented. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Liu, JC (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS48,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2001 VL 96 IS 4 BP 345 EP 357 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 517VL UT WOS:000173630900006 PM 11843084 ER PT J AU McDonald, JC AF McDonald, JC TI Determination of personal dose equivalents in accelerator radiation fields SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID DOSIMETERS AB Values for the dose equivalent are required for radiation protection purposes, but determination of such values can be quite difficult for high energy radiations. The accurate determination of personal dose equivalents in accelerator radiation fields requires the proper use of appropriate radiological quantities and units, knowledge of the dose equivalent response of the personal dosemeters used, measurement or calculation of the fluence spectrum in the workplace and the fluence spectrum of the reference radiation used to calibrate the dosemeters, in addition to knowledge of the appropriate fluence-to-dose equivalent conversion coefficients. This information can then be used to select the appropriate dosometers, set up the optimum calibration conditions. or to establish correction factors that account for differences in the calibration and workplace fluence spectra. High energy neutrons account for a significant fraction of the dose equivalent received by workers at accelerator facilities, and this work discusses the procedures and methods needed to determine dose equivalent produced by neutrons in the vicinity of high energy particle accelerators. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McDonald, JC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2001 VL 96 IS 4 BP 423 EP 427 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 517VL UT WOS:000173630900012 PM 11843090 ER PT J AU Liu, JC Bull, JS Drozdoff, J May, R Vylet, V AF Liu, JC Bull, JS Drozdoff, J May, R Vylet, V TI Radiation safety systems for accelerator facilities SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article AB The radiation safety system (RSS) of an accelerator facility is used to protect people from prompt radiation hazards associated with accelerator operation. The RSS is a fully interlocked, engineered system with a combination of passive and active elements that are reliable, redundant, and fail-safe. The RSS consists of the access control system (ACS) and the radiation containment system (RCS). The ACS is to keep people away from the dangerous radiation inside the shielding enclosure. The RCS limits and contains the beam/radiation conditions to protect people from the prompt radiation hazards outside the shielding enclosure in both normal and abnormal operations. The complexity of an RSS depends on the accelerator and its operation, as well as associated hazard conditions. The approaches of RSS among different facilities can be different. This report gives a review of the RSS for accelerator facilities. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Jefferson Lab, TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Duke Univ, DFELL, Durham, NC 27710 USA. RP Liu, JC (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS48,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2001 VL 96 IS 4 BP 429 EP 439 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 517VL UT WOS:000173630900013 PM 11843091 ER PT J AU Leggett, RW AF Leggett, RW TI Reliability of the ICRP's dose coefficients for members of the public. 1. Sources of uncertainty in the biokinetic models SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Review ID COMPARATIVE METABOLISM; HUMANS; RADIONUCLIDES; RETENTION; ELEMENTS; MAMMALS; LEAD; RAT; ABSORPTION; PLUTONIUM AB During the decade following the Chernobyl accident, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) developed dose coefficients (doses per unit intake) for ingestion. or inhalation of radionuclides by members of the public. The level of uncertainty in those coefficients varies considerably from one radionuclide to another, due largely to differences in the level of understanding of the biological behaviour of different elements in the human body. This paper is the first in a series that examines the sources and extent of uncertainties in the ICRP's biokinetic and dosimetric models for members of the public and the dose coefficients derived from those models. The present paper describes the different types of information generally used to develop biokinetic models for radionuclides, the main sources of uncertainty associated with each type of information, and the approach used in subsequent papers in this series to quantify the uncertainties in biokinetic and dosimetric estimates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leggett, RW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 107 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2001 VL 95 IS 3 BP 199 EP 213 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 479ZX UT WOS:000171436200002 PM 11605794 ER PT J AU Harrison, JD Leggett, RW Nosske, D Paquet, F Phipps, AW Taylor, DM Metivier, H AF Harrison, JD Leggett, RW Nosske, D Paquet, F Phipps, AW Taylor, DM Metivier, H TI Reliability of the ICRP's dose coefficients for members of the public, II. Uncertainties in the absorption of ingested radionuclides and the effect on dose estimates SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Review ID GASTROINTESTINAL ABSORPTION; ENVIRONMENTAL PLUTONIUM; URINARY-EXCRETION; TRANSIT-TIME; HUMAN GUT; RETENTION; METABOLISM; URANIUM; TRACT; LEAD AB Data on the gastrointestinal absorption of 12 elements have been reviewed. In each case, absorption is expressed as the fraction of the ingested element absorbed to blood. referred to as the f(1) value, applying to intakes of unspecified chemical form by average population groups. The level of confidence in individual absorption values has been estimated in terms of lower and upper bounds, A and B, Such that there is judged to be roughly a 90%, probability that the true central value is no less than A and no greater than B. Ranges are proposed for intakes by adults, 10-year-old children and 3-month-old infants. Uncertainty in f(1) values (B/A) ranged from 10% to factors of 100-400. The lowest uncertainties were for the well absorbed elements, H, I and Cs, for which there are good data, and the greatest uncertainties Acre for less well absorbed elements for which few data are available, particularly Zr and Sb. Ranges were generally wider for children and infants than for adults because of the need to allow for the likelihood of increased absorption with only limited data in support of the proposed values. The largest ranges were for 3-month-old infants, reflecting lack of knowledge on the time-course and magnitude of possible increased absorption in the first fev, months of life. For each age group, ICRP values of absorption tend towards the upper bound of the ranges, indicating a degree of conservatism in the calculation of ingestion dose coefficients. Examination of the effect of the proposed confidence intervals for f(1) values on uncertainties in dose coefficients for ingested radionuclides showed that there was no direct relationship. For some radionuclides, uncertainties in effective dose were small despite large uncertainties in f(1) values while for others the uncertainties in effective doses approached the corresponding values for uncertainty in f(1) values. These differences reflect the relative contributions to effective dose from cumulative activity in the contents of the alimentary tract, which in many cases is insensitive to uncertainties in f(1), and cumulative activity of the absorbed radionuclide in systemic tissues, which is proportional to f(1). In general. uncertainties in effective dose for children and infants exceeded those in adults as a result of greater uncertainties in f(1) values for the younger age groups. However. this effect was reduced in some cases by shorter retention times of absorbed nuclides in body tissues and organs. C1 Natl Radiol Protect Board, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Bundesamt Strahlenschutz, Inst Strahlenhyg, D-85762 Oberschleissheim, Germany. Inst Protect & Surete Nucl, F-26701 Pierrelatte, France. Univ Cardiff, Dept Chem, Cardiff CF1 3TB, S Glam, Wales. Inst Protect & Surete Nucl, F-92265 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. RP Harrison, JD (reprint author), Natl Radiol Protect Board, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. NR 111 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2001 VL 95 IS 4 BP 295 EP 308 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 488PF UT WOS:000171944300002 PM 11707028 ER PT J AU Fell, TP Harrison, JD Leggett, RW AF Fell, TP Harrison, JD Leggett, RW TI A model for the transfer of alkaline earth elements to the fetus SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID NORMAL HUMAN PREGNANCY; BONE-MINERAL CONTENT; CALCIUM-METABOLISM; PROLACTIN; LACTATION; SERUM; WOMEN; MOBILIZATION; HOMEOSTASIS; PHOSPHORUS AB A biokinetic model has been developed for the transfer of calcium. strontium. barium and radium to the human fetus. For the mother, ICRP models were adapted for pregnancy to include increases in gastrointestinal absorption, urinary excretion and bone turnover rates. The fetus was modelled with blood, soft tissue and bone compartments. Fetal requirements for Ca were determined by skeletal calcification. and recycling between fetal and maternal blood was included. Daily transfer of Sr, Ba and Ra to the fetus was taken to be lower than for Ca by factors of 0.6 for Sr and 0.4 for Ba and Ra. For acute intakes in late pregnancy at 35 weeks after conception. when maximum transfer occurs. the model predicts whole-body fetus:mother concentration ratios (C-P:C-M) of 18 For Ca, 8 for Sr and 2 for Ba and Ra. respectively. Estimates of committed equivalent doses to the red bone marrow, of offspring, including in utero and postnatal dose, after maternal ingestion in late pregnancy. were greater than corresponding doses in adults by factors of 20-30 for Ca-45. 2-3 for Sr-90 and 3-4 for Ra-226 but slightly lower (0.8-0.9) for Ba-133. C1 Natl Radiol Protect Board, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Fell, TP (reprint author), Natl Radiol Protect Board, Didcot OX11 0RQ, Oxon, England. NR 73 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2001 VL 95 IS 4 BP 309 EP 321 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 488PF UT WOS:000171944300003 PM 11707029 ER PT J AU Miller, G Inkret, WC Little, TT Martz, HF Schillaci, ME AF Miller, G Inkret, WC Little, TT Martz, HF Schillaci, ME TI Bayesian prior probability distributions for internal dosimetry SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION EXPOSURE AB The problem of choosing a prior distribution for the Bayesian interpretation of measurements (specifically internal dosimetry measurements) is considered using a theoretical analysis and by examining historical tritium and plutonium urine bioassay data from Los Alamos. Two models for the prior probability distribution an proposed: (1) the log-normal distribution, when there is some additional information to determine the scale of the true result, and (2) the 'alpha' distribution (a simplified variant of the gamma distribution) when there is not. These models have been incorporated into version 3 of the Bayesian internal dosimetry code in use at Los Alamos (downloadable from our web site). Plutonium internal dosimetry at Los Alamos is now being done using prior probability distribution parameters determined self-consistently from population averages of Los Alamos data. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miller, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2001 VL 94 IS 4 BP 347 EP 352 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 434QH UT WOS:000168827000007 PM 11499438 ER PT J AU Inkret, WCT Schillaci, ME Boyce, MK Cheng, YS Efurd, DW Little, TT Miller, G Musgrave, JA Wermer, JR AF Inkret, WCT Schillaci, ME Boyce, MK Cheng, YS Efurd, DW Little, TT Miller, G Musgrave, JA Wermer, JR TI Internal dosimetry for inhalation of hafnium tritide aerosols SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID METABOLISM AB Metal tritides with low dissolution rates may have residence times in the lungs which are considerably longer than the biological half-time normally associated with tritium in body water, resulting in long-term irradiation of the lungs by low energy beta particles and bremsstrahlung X rays. Samples of hafnium tritide were placed in a lung simulant fluid to determine approximate lung dissolution rates. Hafnium hydride samples were analysed for particle size distribution with a scanning electron microscope. Lung simulant data indicated a biological dissolution half-time for hafnium tritide on the order of 10(5) d. Hafnium hydride particle sizes ranged between 2 and 10 mum, corresponding to activity median aerodynamic diameters of 5 to 25 mum. Review of in vitro dissolution data, development of a biokinetic model, and determination of secondary limits for 1 mum AMAD particles are presented and discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, TSE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. LRRI, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. RP Inkret, WCT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2001 VL 93 IS 1 BP 55 EP 60 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 385WR UT WOS:000166028600008 PM 11548328 ER PT J AU Kotzer, T Trivedi, A AF Kotzer, T Trivedi, A TI Dosimetric implications of atmospheric dispersal of tritium near a heavy-water research reactor facility SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article AB An estimate of the tritium dose to the public in the vicinity of the heavy water research reactor facility at AECL-Chalk River Laboratories, Ontario, Canada, has largely been accomplished from analyses on regularly-collected samples of air, precipitation, drinking water and foodstuffs (pasture, fruit, vegetables and milk) and environmental dose models. To increase the confidence with which public doses are calculated, tritium doses were estimated directly from the ratio of tritiated species in urine samples from members of the general public. Single cumulative 24 h urine samples from a few adults living in the vicinity of the heavy-water research reactor facility at Chalk River Laboratories, Canada were collected and analysed for tritiated water and organically bound tritium. The participants were from Ottawa (200 km east), Deep River (10 km west) and Chalk River Laboratories. Tritiated water concentrations in urine ranged from 6.5 Bq.l(-1) for the Ottawa resident to 15.9 Bq.l(-1) for the Deep River resident, and were comparable to the ambient levels of tritium-in-precipitation at their locations. The ultra-low levels of organically bound tritium in urine from these same individuals were measured by He-3-ingrowth mass spectrometry and were 0.06 Bq.l(-1) (Ottawa) and 0.29 Bq.l(-1) (Deep River). For Chalk River Laboratories workers, tritiated water concentrations in urine ranged from 32 Bq.l(-1) to 9.2 x 10(4) Bq.l(-1), depending on the ambient levels of tritium in their workplace. The organically bound tritium concentrations in urine from the same workers were between 0.08 Bq.l(-1) and 350 Bq.l(-1). With a model based on the ratio of tritiated water to organically bound tritium in urine, the estimated dose arising from organically bound tritium in the body for the Ottawa and Deep River residents was about 26% and 50%, respectively, of the body water tritium dose. The workers in a reactor building at Chalk River Laboratories had less than 10% dose contribution from organically bound tritium, but had higher overall tritium dose due to frequent intakes of tritiated water vapour in the workplace. The results of this study suggest that most of the tritium dose to workers at Chalk River and general population near Chalk River is the result of tritiated water intakes and not due to dietary intake of organically bound tritium. C1 AECL Res, Chalk River Labs, Hlth Chem & Environm Div, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkely natl Lab, Environm Hlth & Safety Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kotzer, T (reprint author), AECL Res, Chalk River Labs, Hlth Chem & Environm Div, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2001 VL 93 IS 1 BP 61 EP 66 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 385WR UT WOS:000166028600009 PM 11548329 ER PT J AU Ulsh, BA Whicker, FW Hinton, TG Congdon, JD Bedford, JS AF Ulsh, BA Whicker, FW Hinton, TG Congdon, JD Bedford, JS TI Chromosome translocations in T-scripta: The dose-rate effect and in vivo lymphocyte radiation response SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; ACID-BASE STATUS; BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY; IONIZING-RADIATION; CHRYSEMYS-PICTA; TRACHEMYS-SCRIPTA; OXIDATIVE DAMAGE; PAINTED TURTLES; GAS-EXCHANGE; DNA PROBES AB Using a whole-chromosome FISH painting probe we previously developed for chromosome 1 of the yellow-bellied slider turtle (Trachemys scripta), we investigated the dose-rate effect for radiation-induced symmetrical translocations in T. scripta fibroblasts and lymphocytes. The dose rate below which no reduction in effect per unit dose is observed with further dose protraction was approximately 23 cGy h(-1). We estimated the whole-genome spontaneous background level of complete, apparently simple symmetrical translocations in T. scripta lymphocytes to be approximately 1.20 x 10(-3)/cell projected from aberrations occurring in chromosome 1. Similar spontaneous background levels reported for humans are some 6- to 25-fold higher, ranging from about 6 x 10(-3) to 3.4 x 10(-2) per cell. This relatively low background level for turtles would be a significant advantage for resolution of effects at low doses and dose rates. We also chronically irradiated turtles over a range of doses from 0-8 Gy delivered at approximately 5.5 cCy h(-1) and constructed a lymphocyte dose-response curve for complete, apparently simple symmetrical translocations suitable for use with animals chronically exposed to radiation in contaminated environments. The best-fitting calibration curve (not constrained through the zero dose estimate) was of the form Y-as = c + aD + bD(2), where Y-as was the number of apparently simple symmetrical translocations per cell, D was the dose (Gy), a = (0.0058 +/- 0.0009), b = (-0.00033 +/- 0.00011), and c = (0.0015 +/- 0.0013). With additional whole-chromosome probes to improve sensitivity, environmental biodosimetry using stable chromosome translocations could provide a practical and genetically relevant measurement end point for ecological risk assessments and biomonitoring programs, (C) 2001 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Bedford, JS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [5 T32 CA09236] NR 77 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 155 IS 1 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.1667/0033-7587(2001)155[0063:CTITST]2.0.CO;2 PN 1 PG 11 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 391TB UT WOS:000166370300009 PM 11121217 ER PT B AU Duran, MA Harris, VR AF Duran, MA Harris, VR GP HPS HPS TI High power operations at the low energy demonstration accelerator (LEDA) SO RADIATION SAFETY AND ALARA CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Midyear Topical Meeting CY FEB 04-07, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CA C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESH 1 Operat Hlth Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duran, MA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESH 1 Operat Hlth Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 1-930524-02-1 PY 2001 BP 21 EP 28 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV51M UT WOS:000179202700004 ER PT B AU Leonowich, JA Korneev, AA Vargo, GJ AF Leonowich, JA Korneev, AA Vargo, GJ GP HPS HPS TI Development and implementation of an ALARA program at the Chornobyl unit-4 shelter SO RADIATION SAFETY AND ALARA CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Midyear Topical Meeting CY FEB 04-07, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CA C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Leonowich, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 1-930524-02-1 PY 2001 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV51M UT WOS:000179202700005 ER PT B AU Hsu, HH Kearfott, KJ AF Hsu, HH Kearfott, KJ GP HPS HPS TI Response functions of four criticality-dosimetry detectors SO RADIATION SAFETY AND ALARA CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Midyear Topical Meeting CY FEB 04-07, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CA AB The neutron spectra for given types of criticality accidents, such as those involving metallic, liquid or reactor-based critical masses with a variety of shielding materials, can be determined experimentally. By folding a known neutron spectrum with the relevant activation cross sections for a given material, the amount of activation induced per incident neutron flux in the material can be determined. This factor would then enable the computation of the neutron flux due to a criticality accident from a measurement of the activity in the dosimeter element (e.g. foil) following its exposure under accident conditions. The usage of different dosimeter elements having different energy-dependencies of neutron activation response would assist in validating that the assumed criticality spectrum was correct. This paper explores the possibilities of such an approach using gold, salt, nickel and phosphorus detector elements with the neutron spectra from Godiva, Sheba, HPRR and the shielded HPRR experimental arrangements. Results show that sufficient activation will occur without limiting interference from competing reactions and that substantive variations in the responses of the tested materials exist to allow reasonable application of the method. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Phys Measurements Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Hsu, HH (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Phys Measurements Grp, MS G761, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Kearfott, Kimberlee/G-2467-2014 OI Kearfott, Kimberlee/0000-0002-8698-0913 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 1-930524-02-1 PY 2001 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV51M UT WOS:000179202700011 ER PT B AU Kiess, TE Low, JO Roberson, GD Gupta, D Arenaz, M Chambers, W Allender, J Parks, DL Hurt, WL Bringhurst, A Burns, EM Polansky, GF AF Kiess, TE Low, JO Roberson, GD Gupta, D Arenaz, M Chambers, W Allender, J Parks, DL Hurt, WL Bringhurst, A Burns, EM Polansky, GF GP HPS HPS TI Analysis and disposition of nuclear material orphans in the Department of Energy Environmental Management program SO RADIATION SAFETY AND ALARA CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Midyear Topical Meeting CY FEB 04-07, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CA AB The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has inventories of nuclear materials that are excess to national security needs and that are projected to come to the DOE Environmental Management (EM) program for storage, treatment, and dispositioning (i.e., reuse or disposal). These materials include isotopes of uranium and plutonium in various material forms (e.g., oxides and metals), thorium, and a variety of neutron, beta, and gamma sources. Current management of these materials involves storage and treatment steps and pursuit of beneficial, reuses within DOE, other government agencies, or the private sector. For the ultimate disposition of these materials, once future uses are no longer a possibility, these materials would be declared waste and incorporated into radioactive waste streams (as either low-level, transuranic (TRU), or high-level waste) bound for disposal facilities. This talk describes analyses to date to identify orphan inventories with no current legal or demonstrated disposal pathway within DOE. These "disposal orphans" include lightly irradiated and unirradiated nuclear fuel, nondefense TRU, mixed high-level waste, high-activity nonTRU mixed waste, select neutron sources, some classified materials, U-233, and certain assay compositions of plutonium. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Kiess, TE (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 1-930524-02-1 PY 2001 BP 143 EP 151 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV51M UT WOS:000179202700021 ER PT B AU Westbrook, JL AF Westbrook, JL GP HPS HPS TI The role of the rad engineer: Different sites, different scripts SO RADIATION SAFETY AND ALARA CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Midyear Topical Meeting CY FEB 04-07, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CA C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Westbrook, JL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 1-930524-02-1 PY 2001 BP 225 EP 226 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV51M UT WOS:000179202700035 ER PT B AU Radev, RP Hafner, RS AF Radev, RP Hafner, RS GP HPS HPS TI A continuous air monitor for Stable Tritiated Particulates proof-of-principle test measurements SO RADIATION SAFETY AND ALARA CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Midyear Topical Meeting CY FEB 04-07, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CA C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Radev, RP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 1-930524-02-1 PY 2001 BP 227 EP 233 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV51M UT WOS:000179202700036 ER PT B AU Veluri, VR Justus, A Glagola, B Rauchas, A Vacca, J AF Veluri, VR Justus, A Glagola, B Rauchas, A Vacca, J GP HPS HPS TI Experiments with radioactive samples at the Advanced Photon Source SO RADIATION SAFETY AND ALARA CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Midyear Topical Meeting CY FEB 04-07, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CA C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Veluri, VR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 1-930524-02-1 PY 2001 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV51M UT WOS:000179202700040 ER PT B AU Vacca, J Job, PK Rauchas, A Justus, A Veluri, VR AF Vacca, J Job, PK Rauchas, A Justus, A Veluri, VR GP HPS HPS TI Commissioning of experimental enclosures ("hutches") at the Advanced Photon Source - A to Z ALARA SO RADIATION SAFETY AND ALARA CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Midyear Topical Meeting CY FEB 04-07, 2001 CL ANAHEIM, CA C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vacca, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 1-930524-02-1 PY 2001 BP 269 EP 272 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BV51M UT WOS:000179202700041 ER PT S AU LeBlanc, BP Bell, RE Bonoli, PT Hosea, JC Johnson, DW Mau, TK Menard, J Mueller, D Ono, M Paoletti, F Paul, S Phillips, CK Pinsker, R Rosenberg, A Ryan, PM Sabbagh, SA Stutman, D Swain, DW Takase, Y Wilgen, JB Wilson, JR AF LeBlanc, BP Bell, RE Bonoli, PT Hosea, JC Johnson, DW Mau, TK Menard, J Mueller, D Ono, M Paoletti, F Paul, S Phillips, CK Pinsker, R Rosenberg, A Ryan, PM Sabbagh, SA Stutman, D Swain, DW Takase, Y Wilgen, JB Wilson, JR BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI High-Harmonic Fast-Wave Heating in NSTX SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys ID SYSTEM AB High-Harmonic Fast-Wave (HHFW), a radio-frequency technique scenario applicable to high-beta plasmas, has been selected as one of the main auxiliary heating systems on NSTX. The HHFW antenna assembly comprises 12 toroidally adjacent current elements, extending poloidally and centered on the equatorial plane. This paper reviews experimental results obtained with a symmetrical (vacuum) launching spectrum with k(H) = 14 m(-1) at a frequency of 30 MHz. We describe results obtained when HHFW power is applied to helium and deuterium plasmas, during the plasma-current flattop period of the discharge. Application of 1.8-MW HHFW pulse to MHD quiescent plasmas resulted in strong electron heating, during which the central electron temperature, T-eo more than doubled from approximate to0.5 keV to 1.15 keV. In deuterium plasmas, HHFW heating was found less efficient, with a Teo increase of the order of 40% during a 1.8-MW HHFW pulse, from approximate to 400 eV to approximate to 550 eV. (At HHFW power of 2.4 MW, T-eo increased by 60%, reaching 0.625 keV.) HHFW heating in presence of MHD activity is also discussed. A short neutral beam pulse was applied to permit charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy (CHERS) measurement of the impurity ion temperature T-i. Preliminary CHERS analysis show that T-i approximate to T-e during HHFW heating. Of special interest are deuterium discharges, where the application of HHFW power was done during the current ramp-up. We observe the creation of large density gradients in the edge region. In the latter case, the density rose spontaneously to n(eo) less than or equal to 8 x 10(13) cm(-3). C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP LeBlanc, BP (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 51 EP 58 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300006 ER PT S AU Wilson, JR Bell, RE Bernabei, S Hosea, JC LeBlanc, BP Mau, TK Menard, J Ono, M Paoletti, F Pinsker, R Phillips, CK Rosenberg, A Ryan, PM Sabbagh, S Stutman, D Swain, DW Wilgen, JB Takase, Y AF Wilson, JR Bell, RE Bernabei, S Hosea, JC LeBlanc, BP Mau, TK Menard, J Ono, M Paoletti, F Pinsker, R Phillips, CK Rosenberg, A Ryan, PM Sabbagh, S Stutman, D Swain, DW Wilgen, JB Takase, Y BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Plasma response to the application of 30 MHz RF power in the NSTX device SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys AB Rf power at 30 MHz has been applied in a variety of situations to NSTX plasmas. The response of the plasma is observed in order to study both the physics of High Harmonic Fast Wave (HHFW) heating and as a tool to extend the performance of NSTX plasmas. In this paper we will discuss the progress made to date towards these goals. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Wilson, JR (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 150 EP 153 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300025 ER PT S AU Swain, DW Wilson, JR Ryan, PM Wilgen, JB Hosea, J Carter, MD AF Swain, DW Wilson, JR Ryan, PM Wilgen, JB Hosea, J Carter, MD CA NSTX Team BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Results from HHFW system operation on NSTX SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys AB The HHFW system on NSTX has operated with the full 12-antenna, 6-transmitter configuration, delivering over 2 MW reliably for pulse lengths over 100 ins with various phasings of the antenna system. A circuit model of the full 12-antenna coupled system has been developed that gives good agreement with vacuum measurements. When it is used to extract the effects of the plasma on the rf circuit, pronounced asymmetries in antenna loading are observed, even when antenna phasing is symmetrical (e.g., 0 pi0 pi0 pi.....). The loading of the plasma on the antenna has been calculated with the RANT3D code using measured edge density profiles in front of the antenna; these agree with measured loading values. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Swain, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 154 EP 157 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300026 ER PT S AU Menard, JE LeBlanc, BP Wilson, JR Sabbagh, SA Stutman, D Swain, DW AF Menard, JE LeBlanc, BP Wilson, JR Sabbagh, SA Stutman, D Swain, DW BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Profile modifications resulting from early high-harmonic fast wave heating in NSTX SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys AB Experiments have been performed in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) to inject high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) power early during the plasma current ramp-up in an attempt to reduce the current penetration rate to raise the central safety factor during the flat-top phase of the discharge. To date, up to 2MW of HHFW power has been coupled to deuterium plasmas as early as t=50ms using the slowest inter-strap phasing of k(parallel to) approximate to 14m(-1) (n(phi) = 24). Antenna-plasma gap scans have been performed and find that for small gaps (5-8cm), electron heating is observed with relatively modest density rises and modest reductions in current penetration rate. For somewhat larger gaps (10-12cm), weak electron heating is observed but with a large density increase at tile plasma edge similar to that observed in NSTX H-modes. In the larger gap configuration, EFIT re-constructions (without MSE) find that resistive flux consumption is reduced as much as 30%, tile internal inductance is maintained below 0.6 at 1MA into the fat-top, q(0) is increased significantly, and the MHD stability character of the discharges is strongly modified. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Menard, JE (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 158 EP 161 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300027 ER PT S AU Ono, M Hosea, J LeBlanc, B Menard, J Phillips, CK Wilson, R Ryan, P Swain, D Wilgen, J Kubota, S Mau, TK AF Ono, M Hosea, J LeBlanc, B Menard, J Phillips, CK Wilson, R Ryan, P Swain, D Wilgen, J Kubota, S Mau, TK BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Turbulence scattering of high harmonic fast waves SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys AB Effect of scattering of high harmonic fast magnetosonic waves (HHFW) by low frequency plasma turbulence is investigated. Due to the similarity of the wavelength of HHFW to that of the expected low frequency turbulence in the plasma edge region, the scattering of HHFW can become significant under some conditions. The scattering probability increases with the launched wave parallel-phase-velocity as the location of the wave cut-off layer shifts toward lower density edge. The scattering probability can be reduced significantly with higher edge plasma temperature, steeper edge density gradient, and magnetic field. The theoretical model could explain some of the HHFW heating observations on NSTX. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ono, M (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 162 EP 165 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300028 ER PT S AU Rosenberg, A Menard, JE LeBlanc, BP AF Rosenberg, A Menard, JE LeBlanc, BP BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Investigation of ion absorption of the high harmonic fast wave in NSTX using HPRT SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys AB Understanding high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) power absorption by ions in a spherical torus (ST) is of critical importance to assessing the wave's viability as a means of heating and especially driving current. In this work, HPRT is used to calculate absorption for He and D, with and without minority H in NSTX plasmas using experimental EFIT equilibria and kinetic profiles. HPRT is a 2D ray-tracing code which uses the full hot plasma dielectric to compute the perpendicular wave number along the hot electron/cold ion plasma ray path. Ion and electron absorption dependence on antenna phasing, ion temperature, beta (t), and minority temperature and concentration is analyzed. These results form the basis for comparisons with other codes, such as CURRAY, METS, TORIC, and AORSA. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Rosenberg, A (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 174 EP 177 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300031 ER PT S AU Ryan, PM Goulding, RH Carter, MD Wukitch, SJ Boivin, RL Bonoli, PT Davis, WD Porkolab, M Hosea, JC Schilling, G Wilson, JR AF Ryan, PM Goulding, RH Carter, MD Wukitch, SJ Boivin, RL Bonoli, PT Davis, WD Porkolab, M Hosea, JC Schilling, G Wilson, JR BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Modeling the ICH antenna operation on Alcator C-Mod SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys AB Computer modeling of the ICH antennas on Alcator C-Mod has been initiated with the goal of providing more detailed understanding of the rf operation. The RANT3D code is being used to calculate the plasma loading for both the two-strap (D, E-port) antennas[1] and the four-strap (J-port) antenna[2]. These antennas have provided up to 5 MW of power to the plasma at a frequency of 80 MHz[3]. Sensitivity of the calculated plasma loading with respect to plasma parameters and strap phasing will be presented. A circuit model for coupled transmission line analysis is also being constructed; calculated electrical characteristics will be adjusted, if necessary, to match measured S-parameter scans. The model will be used to study current and voltage distributions throughout the antennas' power distribution system and also to anticipate future operation of the J-port antenna at selected frequencies over its 40-80 MHz operating range. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ryan, PM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Goulding, Richard/C-5982-2016 OI Goulding, Richard/0000-0002-1776-7983 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 182 EP 185 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300033 ER PT S AU Schilling, G Hosea, JC Wilson, JR Beck, W Boivin, RL Bonoli, PT Gwinn, D Lee, WD Nelson-Melby, E Porkolab, M Vieira, R Wukitch, SJ Goetz, JA AF Schilling, G Hosea, JC Wilson, JR Beck, W Boivin, RL Bonoli, PT Gwinn, D Lee, WD Nelson-Melby, E Porkolab, M Vieira, R Wukitch, SJ Goetz, JA BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Upgrades to the 4-strap ICRF antenna in Alcator C-Mod SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys AB A 4-strap ICRF antenna suitable for plasma heating and current drive has been designed and fabricated for the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. Initial operation in plasma was limited by high metallic impurity injection resulting from front surface arcing between protection tiles and from current straps to Faraday shields. Antenna modifications were made in 2/2000, resulting in impurity reduction, but low heating efficiency was observed when the antenna was operated in its 4-strap rather than a 2-strap configuration. Further modifications were made in 7/2000, with the installation of BN plasma-facing tiles and radiofrequency bypassing of the antenna backplane edges and ends to reduce potential leakage coupling to plasma surface modes. Good heating efficiency was now observed in both heating configurations, but coupled power was limited to 2.5 MW in H-mode, 3 MW in L-mode, by plasma-wall interactions. Additional modifications were started in 2/2001 and will be completed by this meeting. All the above upgrades and their effect on antenna performance will be presented. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Schilling, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 186 EP 189 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300034 ER PT S AU Majeski, R Wilson, JR Zarnstorff, M AF Majeski, R Wilson, JR Zarnstorff, M BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Mode conversion heating scenarios for the National Compact Stellarator experiment SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys AB Radio frequency heating scenarios for the National Compact Stellarator eXperiment (NCSX) are considered. The focus here is on mode conversion from the fast to the slow ion Bernstein wave as either an electron or "bulk" ion heating technique, using a high-field side launch to directly access the ion-ion hybrid layer. Modeling for the planned parameters of NCSX (R(ave)similar to1.4 m, a(ave)similar to0.4 m, B-T(0)similar to1.2-2T, n(e)(0)similar to2-5x10(19) m(-3), T-e(0)similar toT(1)(0)similar to1-2 keV) for mode conversion in D-H and D-He-3 plasmas is presented. Possible types of hi.,,h-field side antennas are also briefly discussed. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Majeski, R (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 198 EP 201 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300037 ER PT S AU Rasmussen, DA Jaeger, EF Batchelor, DB Nelson, BE AF Rasmussen, DA Jaeger, EF Batchelor, DB Nelson, BE BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI ICRF plans for the quasi poloidal stellarator SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys AB The ICRF options for QOS build on successful results from other stellarators, mirror machines, STs, and tokamaks, and include High Harmonic Fast Wave (HHFW), mode conversion (MC) heating, magnetic beach heating (MBH), and minority heating. There is good access for antennas, and the plasma volume, minor radii, and field geometry are comparable to CHS and W7-AS. Minority and MC heating have been observed on CHS, W7-AS and LHD. Calculations indicate HHFW can be successful on the QOS device. MBH has been observed on W7-AS. The ICRF options offer the flexibility to support a broad set of physics studies. These can be met with a limited number of antenna structures and within the frequency bands of available power. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rasmussen, DA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 202 EP 205 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300038 ER PT S AU Bernabei, S Hosea, JC Loesser, D Rushinski, J Wilson, JR Bonoli, P Grimes, M Parker, R Porkolab, M Terry, D Woskov, P AF Bernabei, S Hosea, JC Loesser, D Rushinski, J Wilson, JR Bonoli, P Grimes, M Parker, R Porkolab, M Terry, D Woskov, P BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI A Lower Hybrid Current Drive system for Alcator C-Mod SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys ID TOKAMAK AB A Lower Hybrid Current Drive system is being constructed jointly by PSFC and PPPL for installation on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, with the primary goal of driving plasma current in the outer region of the plasma. The LH system consists of 3 MW power at 4.6 GHz with a maximum pulse length of 5 seconds. 12 Klystrons will feed an array of 4-vertical and 24-horizontal waveguides mounted in one equatorial port, The coupler will incorporate some compact characteristics of the multijunction power splitting while retaining full control of the toroidal phase. In addition a dynamic phase control system will allow feedback stabilization of MHD modes. The desire to avoid possible waveguide breakdown and the need for compactness have resulted in some innovative technical solution, which will be presented. C1 Princeton Univ, PPPL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Bernabei, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, PPPL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 237 EP 240 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300043 ER PT S AU Taylor, G Efthimion, PC Jones, B Hosea, JC Kaita, R LeBlanc, BP Majeski, R Munsat, T Phillips, CK Spaleta, J Wilson, JR Rasmussen, D Bell, G Bigelow, TS Carter, MD Swain, DW Wilgen, JB Ram, AK Bers, A Harvey, RW Forest, CB AF Taylor, G Efthimion, PC Jones, B Hosea, JC Kaita, R LeBlanc, BP Majeski, R Munsat, T Phillips, CK Spaleta, J Wilson, JR Rasmussen, D Bell, G Bigelow, TS Carter, MD Swain, DW Wilgen, JB Ram, AK Bers, A Harvey, RW Forest, CB BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Electron Bernstein wave research on CDX-U and NSTX SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys ID W7-AS STELLARATOR; PLASMA; PROPAGATION; EMISSION; MODES AB Mode-converted electron Bernstein waves (EBWs) potentially allow the measurement of local electron temperature (T) and the implementation of local heating and current drive in spherical torus (ST) devices, which are not directly accessible to low harmonic electron cyclotron waves. This paper reports on the measurement of X-mode radiation mode-converted from EBWs observed normal to the magnetic field on the midplane of the CDX-U and NSTX ST plasmas. The radiation temperature of the EBW emission was compared to T measured by Thomson scattering and Langmuir probes. EBW mode conversion efficiencies of over 20% were measured on both CDX-U and NSTX. Sudden increases of mode conversion efficiency, of over a factor of three, were observed at H-mode transitions on NSTX, when the measured edge density profile steepened. The EBW mode conversion efficiency was found to depend on the density gradient at the mode conversion layer in the plasma scrape off, consistent with theoretical predictions, The EBW emission source was determined by a perturbation technique to be localized at the electron cyclotron resonance layer and was successfully used for radial transport studies. Recently, a new in-vessel antenna and Langmuir probe array were installed on CDX-U to better characterize and enhance the EBW mode conversion process. The probe incorporates a local adjustable limiter to control and maximize the mode conversion efficiency in front of the antenna by modifying the density profile in tile plasma scrape off where fundamental EBW mode conversion occurs. Initial results show that the mode conversion efficiency can be increased to similar to 100% when the local limiter is inserted near the mode conversion layer. Plans for future EBW research, including EBW heating and current drive studies, are discussed. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Taylor, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 282 EP 289 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300051 ER PT S AU Ellis, R Hosea, J Wilson, J Prater, R Callis, R AF Ellis, R Hosea, J Wilson, J Prater, R Callis, R BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Design of a dual high-power, long pulse, steerable ECH launcher for DIII-D SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys AB ECH launchers typically use a moveable mirror to steer a gyrotron beam. Increased power handling capability in an ECH launcher requires adding mass or active cooling to the mirrors, The additional forces on the moveable mirror resulting from either approach typically require a compromise between the power handling capability and the steering capability. The P2001 launcher designed by PPPL for DIII-D will launch two 800kW beams for 10 seconds every 10 minutes. Poloidal and toroidal steering during and between pulses, and a fast poloidal scan capability, will be provided. These conflicting design requirements are satisfied by the use of an innovative steering mechanism. The entire scanning range about two axes is obtained with a mechanism that is strong enough to withstand the electromagnetic forces on the mirror. An innovative mirror design uses high thermal conductivity materials arranged in a manner that limits the eddy currents during a disruption. In this paper, the design of the P2001 launcher is presented, along with performance calculations, Design features relevant to advanced fusion experiments are highlighted and discussed. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ellis, R (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 2 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 318 EP 321 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300059 ER PT S AU Wong, KL Chu, MS Luce, TC Petty, CC Politzer, PA Prater, R Ding, XT Dong, JQ Guo, GC Liu, Y Wang, EY Yan, LW AF Wong, KL Chu, MS Luce, TC Petty, CC Politzer, PA Prater, R Ding, XT Dong, JQ Guo, GC Liu, Y Wang, EY Yan, LW BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Effects of energetic trapped electrons on the internal kink instability in tokamaks SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Wong, KL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 334 EP 337 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300063 ER PT S AU Jaeger, EF Berry, LA D'Azevedo, E Batchelor, DB Carter, MD AF Jaeger, EF Berry, LA D'Azevedo, E Batchelor, DB Carter, MD BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Advances in full-wave modeling of RF heated, multi-dimensional plasmas SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys ID HOT TOKAMAK PLASMAS; CURRENT DRIVE; GLOBAL WAVES; ICRF; CONVERSION; ABSORPTION; FIELDS AB Until recently, full-wave models for ICRF heating in multi-dimensional plasmas have relied on either cold-plasma approximations or finite Larmor radius expansions that assume k(perpendicular top) < < 1, where k(perpendicular to) is the perpendicular wave number, and p is the ion Larmor radius. These models are limited to relatively long perpendicular wavelengths and low cyclotron harmonics. In addition, die singular nature of the magnetic flux coordinates used in these models often leads to numerical problems near the magnetic axis. Recently, alternate full-wave models have emerged that eliminate these difficulties. These all orders spectral algorithms (AORSA) take advantage of new computational techniques for massively parallel computers to solve the integral form of the wave equation in multiple dimensions without any assumption regarding the smallness of k(perpendicular top). Ion Bernstein waves are formed naturally in the solutions and are correctly absorbed by Landau damping even when k(perpendicular top) exceeds unity. The use of cylindrical rather than flux coordinates eliminates all numerical problems associated with the magnetic axis. With these new techniques, it has been possible to make progress in three areas of rf wave physics: (1) mode conversion in two dimensions; (2) high harmonic fast wave heating in two dimensions; and (3) minority ion heating in three dimensional geometry. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jaeger, EF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 369 EP 376 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300071 ER PT S AU Kaufman, AN Tracy, ER AF Kaufman, AN Tracy, ER BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Conversion among collective waves via gyroballistic waves SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys ID GYRORESONANCE; REFLECTION AB We consider the linear conversion of one collective wave into another, via the intermediary of a continuum of gyroballistic waves. In contrast to the customary treatment of gyroresonance of a primary wave as quasilinear diffusion, we treat it as a linear excitation of coherent gyroballistic waves, which propagate in ray phase space to the dispersion manifold of a secondary wave, exciting the latter. The net effect is a nonlocal linear conversion. This process is here exemplified by X/O conversion at the fundamental electron gyroresonace; an analytic expression for the conversion coefficient is obtained. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kaufman, AN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 410 EP 413 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300079 ER PT S AU Phillips, CK Hosea, JC Ono, M Wilson, JR AF Phillips, CK Hosea, JC Ono, M Wilson, JR BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Effects of radial electric fields on ICRF waves SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys ID TOKAMAK; PLASMAS AB Equilibrium considerations infer that large localized radial electric fields are associated with internal transport barrier structures in tokamaks and other toroidal magnetic confinement configurations. In this paper, the effects of an equilibrium electric field on fast magnetosonic wave propagation are considered in the context of a cold plasma model. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Phillips, CK (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 418 EP 421 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300081 ER PT S AU Spaleta, J Bonoli, P Majeski, R Menard, J Phillips, CK LeBlanc, BP AF Spaleta, J Bonoli, P Majeski, R Menard, J Phillips, CK LeBlanc, BP BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Full-wave simulations using TORIC coupled to numeric MHD equilibrium solutions SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys AB The full-wave ICRF code TORIC has been modified to use numerical MHD equilibrium solutions obtained from EFIT. The EFIT equilibrium provide a more accurate geometry than the moments representation based analytic flux surface models currently used in TORIC. Several additional enhancements were made, allowing TORIC to fully use asymmetric EFIT equilibrium. A comparison of EFIT/TORIC and stand-alone TORIC is presented here for both CMOD and NSTX. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Spaleta, J (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 422 EP 425 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300082 ER PT S AU Berry, LA Jaeger, EF AF Berry, LA Jaeger, EF BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Guiding-center analysis of second-order RF interactions SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys ID TOKAMAK PLASMAS; WAVES AB The theory of second-order RF-plasma interactions is well developed and describes energy absorption and particle and momentum transport. While the second-order distribution function can be derived analytically, velocity moments are complex, and finite Larmour radius (FLR) or spectral-width approximations are used to make the necessary simplifications, The FLR approximation does not readily allow the analyses needed for high-harmonic ion Bernstein waves (IBW), while the spectral-width approximation cannot be readily understood in terms of physics approximations. A recent analysis suggested that velocity moments could be obtained without a direct evaluation of the distribution function. This approach is both simpler and more physics-based than the previous approach, However, the resulting moments differed from those obtained from the distribution function, Using guiding-center analysis, we have been able to carry out the program of moment evaluation sans distribution function based on an FLR expansion of the transformation back to laboratory coordinates. To zero order, there is no net particle or momentum transport. To first order, there is net momentum transport for short wavelength, FLR modes. This moment is the same as that obtained from the moment of the distribution function with a subsequent spectral-width approximation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Berry, LA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 426 EP 429 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300083 ER PT S AU Carter, MD Baity, FW Goulding, RH Jaeger, EF Chang-Diaz, FR Squire, JP AF Carter, MD Baity, FW Goulding, RH Jaeger, EF Chang-Diaz, FR Squire, JP BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Light ion helicon plasma sources SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys ID WAVE; MODES; DISCHARGES; ABSORPTION AB Helicon plasma sources are capable of producing high density plasma using steady state solenoid or mirror-like magnetic fields with a wide variety of gases. Power to produce the plasma is supplied by various antenna configurations driven at frequencies typically ranging from I to 50 MHz. The ability to obtain high plasma densities with high fractional ionization using readily available, low-cost components makes the helicon an attractive plasma source for many applications including plasma rocket propulsion, fusion component testing, and materials processing. However, their operation can be a sensitive function of the magnetic field strength and geometry as well as the driving frequency, especially when using light feedstock gases such as hydrogen or helium. This sensitivity can make it difficult to design a helicon source with the characteristics required for a specific application. This paper gives an overview of various helicon configurations, experimental observations, and modeling results with an emphasis on high density operation using light ion species, Axial variations in the plasma parameters are also shown to play an important role in understanding the behavior of the Mini-RFTF device at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Carter, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Goulding, Richard/C-5982-2016 OI Goulding, Richard/0000-0002-1776-7983 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 465 EP 472 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300091 ER PT S AU Baity, FW Barber, GC Goulding, RH Swain, DW Bobkov, V Noterdaeme, JM AF Baity, FW Barber, GC Goulding, RH Swain, DW Bobkov, V Noterdaeme, JM BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI The ORNL/ASDEX upgrade RF breakdown tester: Results and plans SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys AB ORNL and IPP-Garching are collaborating on fundamental studies of breakdown properties of ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) antennas in fusion experiments. The ORNL RF Breakdown Tester consists of a resonant 3/4-wavelength section of vacuum transmission line of compound impedance with a removable end piece for varying the geometry. Tests have been conducted with various gases to determine the pressure at which the breakdown voltage is affected by the gas fill. Other end pieces with different shapes will be used to determine geometrical effects of the breakdown, and an ultraviolet light source will be used to determine the effect of low-energy photons on the breakdown, The effects of materials will be explored by plating the end piece with nickel and silver. Other gases will be tested to determine their deleterious effects. Initial results the breakdown tester on ASDEX Upgrade will be reported. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Baity, FW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 510 EP 513 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300101 ER PT S AU Goulding, RH Baity, FW Barber, GC Sparks, DO Wilgen, JB AF Goulding, RH Baity, FW Barber, GC Sparks, DO Wilgen, JB BE Mau, TK DeGrassie, J TI Tests of an RF-based technique to locate arcs in a coaxial transmission line SO RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas CY MAY 07-09, 2001 CL OXNARD, CA SP Gen Atom, Univ Calif San Diego, Amer Inst Phys AB A swept frequency reflectometry technique is being investigated as a means of determining the location of arcs in RF transmission lines. The method is applicable to both vacuum and pressurized transmission lines. Arcs are produced in a 6.3 m long resonant coaxial test line with an outer conductor diameter of 15 cm and Z0 = 26 Omega by injecting RF at a power level of 25-80 kW and f similar to 47 MHz. A septate coaxial coupler with a cutoff frequency of similar to 450 MHz injects a diagnostic wave swept over a portion of the range 475-550 MHz at a sweep frequency up to 200 kHz. During the sweep period, the are impedance can be nearly constant. The rate of phase change of the reflection coefficient of the diagnostic wave as a function of frequency is measured and used to determine the distance to the arc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Goulding, RH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0038-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 595 BP 514 EP 517 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT43V UT WOS:000173023300102 ER PT J AU Tierney, HE Jacobson, AR Beasley, WH Argo, PE AF Tierney, HE Jacobson, AR Beasley, WH Argo, PE TI Determination of source thunderstorms for VHF emissions observed by the FORTE satellite SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TRANSIONOSPHERIC PULSE PAIRS; PHENOMENOLOGY; RADIATION AB This paper explains a method of locating groups of satellite-observed VHF signals from lightning that emanate from isolated storm regions. LF/VLF signals recorded and located by the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) are often accompanied by broadband VHF emissions of sufficient intensity to trigger satellite-based RF receivers. It has previously been shown that events recorded by the FORTE satellite and the NLDN, which have occurrence-time differences of 0.3 ms or less, can be assumed to originate at the same approximate geolocation with 97.5% reliability. For such event pairs, the VHF events recorded by FORTE were assigned the NLDN locations. We use graphical analysis to identify groups of satellite data that can be assumed to originate from the same storms as the located events. To accomplish this, a value of total electron content (TEC) is derived from the frequency dispersion of each VHF signal recorded by FORTE. Scatterplots of TEC versus time often reveal curved clusters of satellite data. The variation of TEC with satellite elevation angle, and time, is consistent with a model in which the length of a signal's required propagation path through the ionosphere changes with satellite and storm position. We use the values of TEC for the located satellite data, a simple model of the ionosphere, and NLDN data to help us identify TEC clusters that can be assumed to originate from relatively compact, and unambiguous, geolocations. For the time period of April through September of 1998 we geolocate 65 groups of satellite data records. A total of 6131 satellite data records, which were not previously located, have been assigned the median NLDN coordinates of their corresponding storm. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Phys & Astron, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Tierney, HE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 36 IS 1 BP 79 EP 96 DI 10.1029/1999RS002254 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 395MM UT WOS:000166584200008 ER PT S AU Balkey, JJ Wieneke, RE AF Balkey, JJ Wieneke, RE GP IMECHE IMECHE TI Transuranic waste management at Los Alamos National Laboratory SO RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT 2000: CHALLENGES, SOLUTIONS, AND OPPORTUNITIES SE IMECHE CONFERENCE TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Radioactive Waste Management 2000 CY OCT 18-19, 2000 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Inst Mech Engineers, Nucl Energy Comm Power Ind Div, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, British Nucl Energy Soc, Inst Civil Engineers, Inst Chem Engineers AB Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) was the first to ship transuranic (TRU) waste for deep geologic disposal in the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) in Carlsbad, New Mexico. This was the culmination of a tremendous effort on the part of personnel at the Plutonium Facility (TA-55) where the waste was generated and of Laboratory waste-management personnel. The Plutonium Facility provides a wide variety of actinide research and development capabilities in support of national defense needs. Many of these operations produce a wide variety of waste forms, including transuranic waste from activities in the glove-box lines throughout the facility. Critical to the success of this shipment was the integrity of the waste-management program at TA-55. A group of dedicated waste-management professionals worked intimately with actinide processing operations personnel to assure that all waste packages met the WIPP Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) and were documented and packaged in accordance with all applicable regulations. Records are largely computerized, eliminating paper forms and improving the integrity of data packages and expediting the review and approval process. Research into waste minimization has succeeded in identifying processes to reduce the volumes of transuranic waste produced and has resulted in the implementation of decontamination and waste-avoidance techniques in the facility. This paper provides a broad overview of current waste-management activities in the TA-55 Plutonium Facility. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Balkey, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI WESTMINISTER PA 1 BIRDCAGE WALK, WESTMINISTER SW1H 9JJ, ENGLAND SN 1356-1448 BN 1-86058-276-1 J9 IMECHE CONF TRANS PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 1 BP 57 EP 65 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BS25K UT WOS:000169197300006 ER PT J AU Druffel, ERM Griffin, S Guilderson, TP Kashgarian, M Southon, J Schrag, DP AF Druffel, ERM Griffin, S Guilderson, TP Kashgarian, M Southon, J Schrag, DP TI Changes of subtropical North Pacific radiocarbon and correlation with climate variability SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article ID SURFACE OCEAN RADIOCARBON; RESOLUTION CORAL RECORD; SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC; BOMB RADIOCARBON; TROPICAL PACIFIC; STABLE ISOTOPES; PAST CENTURY; EL-NINO; TEMPERATURE; ATLANTIC AB We show that high-precision radiocarbon (Delta C-14) measurements from annual bands of a Hawaiian surface coral decreased by 7 parts per thousand from AD 1893 to 1952. This decrease is coincident with the Suess Effect, which is mostly due to the dilution of natural levels of C-14 by C-14-free fossil fuel CO2. This decrease is equal to that expected in surface waters of the subtropical gyres, and indicates that the surface waters of the North Pacific were in steady state with respect to long term mixing Of CO2 during the past century. Correlation between A 14C and North Pacific gyre sea surface temperatures indicates that vertical mixing local to Hawaii and the North Pacific gyre as a whole is the likely physical mechanism to result in variable Delta C-14. Prior to 1920, this correlation starts to break down; this may be related to the non-correlation between biennial Delta C-14 values in corals from the southwest Pacific and El Nino events observed during this period as well. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Lab Geochem Oceanog, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Druffel, ERM (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RI Kashgarian, Michaele/E-1665-2011 OI Kashgarian, Michaele/0000-0001-7824-8418 NR 51 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2001 VL 43 IS 1 BP 15 EP 25 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 458QX UT WOS:000170207000004 ER PT J AU Cook, AC Wadsworth, J Southon, JR AF Cook, AC Wadsworth, J Southon, JR TI AMS radiocarbon dating of ancient iron artifacts: A new carbon extraction method in use at LLNL SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Radiocarbon Conference CY JUN 18-23, 2000 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL AB A new sealed double tube combustion method was developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to extract carbon from modern steels and ancient iron artifacts, Iron samples were chemically pretreated with 10% nitric acid, vacuum sealed in 6 mm quartz tubes with CuO, vacuum sealed again inside 9 mm quartz tubes, and combusted at 1000 degreesC for a minimum of 10 hr. The resulting CO2 was graphitized routinely using hydrogen reduction (Vogel et at. 1989). After the initial phase of development, carbon yields of 100% were consistently obtained. The activities of two modern high carbon steels (treated as process blanks, manufactured using only coal as the carbon source) were determined to be 0.0077 +/- 0.0009 (n = 12, +/- 1sigma) for a 1.3% C steel and 0.0090 +/- 0.0038 (n = 12, I a) for a 1.9% C steel, indicating that very little contamination is introduced during the sample preparation process. Since the Iron Age began less than 5000 years ago, these background uncertainties should introduce errors of no more than :1:30 years to the radiocarbon ages of actual artifacts. Two ancient iron artifacts of known date were analyzed and demonstrate that the new methodology can be used to obtain the correct date of manufacture for iron objects, provided that they are made exclusively using charcoal that was contemporaneous with the manufacture of the artifact. Since only 1 mg of carbon is required for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), very small iron samples can now be analyzed (50 mg of a 2.0% C iron or 1 g of a 0.1% C iron). We anticipate that this methodology will be particularly useful to archeologists who currently have to rely on context to date iron artifacts. C1 High Tech High, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cook, AC (reprint author), High Tech High, 2861 Womble Rd, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2001 VL 43 IS 2A BP 221 EP 227 PN 1 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 531YC UT WOS:000174444000015 ER PT J AU McGeehin, J Burr, GS Jull, AJT Reines, D Gosse, J Davis, PT Muhs, D Southon, JR AF McGeehin, J Burr, GS Jull, AJT Reines, D Gosse, J Davis, PT Muhs, D Southon, JR TI Stepped-combustion C-14 dating of sediment: A comparison with established techniques SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Radiocarbon Conference CY JUN 18-23, 2000 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL C1 Univ Arizona, NSF Arizona AMS Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Geol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Bentley Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Waltham, MA 02154 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP McGeehin, J (reprint author), US Geol Survey, MS926A, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM mcgeehin@usgs.gov; burr@u.arizona.edu; southon1@llnl.gov RI Gosse, John/B-4934-2012 NR 5 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 10 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2001 VL 43 IS 2A BP 255 EP 261 PN 1 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 531YC UT WOS:000174444000019 ER PT J AU Torn, MS Southon, J AF Torn, MS Southon, J TI A new C-13 correction for radiocarbon samples from elevated-CO2 experiments SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Radiocarbon Conference CY JUN 18-23, 2000 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL AB Radiocarbon can be a valuable tracer of carbon cycling in elevated CO2 experiments. However, the standard method of calculating Delta(14)C, which corrects sample C-14 activity for isotopic fractionation by correcting the sample delta(13)C to - 25%, introduces significant errors to the reported C-14 values. For elevated-CO2 treatments the error arises because the delta(13)C of the sample is not an appropriate measure of isotopic fractionation to use when correcting sample C-14 activity for isotopic fractionation. A suggested replacement approach, developed in this paper, is to use the delta(13)C of the same type of material (e.g. leaf, soil organic matter) from the control (ambient-CO2) treatment in place of the sample delta(13)C in the correction. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Torn, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2001 VL 43 IS 2B BP 691 EP 694 PN 2 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 533DB UT WOS:000174513200019 ER PT J AU Taylor, RE Smith, DG Southon, JR AF Taylor, RE Smith, DG Southon, JR TI The Kennewick skeleton: Chronological and biomolecular contexts SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Radiocarbon Conference CY JUN 18-23, 2000 CL JERUSALEM, ISRAEL ID RADIOCARBON AGE CALIBRATION; MARINE SAMPLES; MOUNT-MAZAMA; TERRESTRIAL AB A human skeleton recovered near Kennewick, Washington, USA in 1996 has been dated to the early Holocene on the basis of multiple radiocarbon determinations, an analysis of a style of a temporally diagnostic projectile point found embedded in the ilium of the skeleton, and geological investigations of the locality where the skeleton was recovered. Based on morphological criteria, the Kennewick skeleton, which is one of the most complete early Holocene human skeletons recovered so far in the Western Hemisphere, appears to be more similar to those of modem South Asians and Europeans than to modem Native Americans or to contemporary indigenous populations of Northeast Asia. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Dept Anthropol, Radiocarbon Lab, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Anthropol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Taylor, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Dept Anthropol, Radiocarbon Lab, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2001 VL 43 IS 2B BP 965 EP 976 PN 2 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 533DB UT WOS:000174513200048 ER PT J AU Antonio, MR Soderholm, L Williams, CW Blaudeau, JP Bursten, BE AF Antonio, MR Soderholm, L Williams, CW Blaudeau, JP Bursten, BE TI Neptunium redox speciation SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE aquo ion; density functional theory; hydration; EXAFS, neptunium; spectroelectrochemistry ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; TRIVALENT LANTHANIDE; YUCCA-MOUNTAIN; IONIC-RADII; = U; HYDRATION; EXAFS; COORDINATION AB Insights about the redox speciation of neptunium in an aqueous mineral acid electrolyte were obtained through a combination of in situ EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) spectroelectrochemistry, density functional theory (DFT), and simple geometric modeling. A single solution of neptunium in 1 M perchloric acid was used to extract metrical information about the Np coordination environment, in terms of hydration numbers (n) and Np-O interatomic distances. Four aquo ions - Np3+. nH(2)O, Np4+.n'H2O, [Np5+O2](+).n "H2O, and [Np6+O2](2+).n'''H2O - were electrolytically prepared and precisely maintained by use of constant potential bulk electrolysis (with coulometry) throughout the simultaneous EXAFS data acquisition. For the Np(III) and Np(IV) aquo ions, the experiments revealed a contraction of the average Np-O bond lengths from 2.48(2) to 2.37(2) Angstrom, respectively. The data analyses suggest that there are 9 water molecules in the first or inner hydration sphere about Np3+ in [Np(OH2)(9)](3+) and Np4+ in [Np(OH2)(9)](4-). The DFT calculations reveal 8-9 water molecules coordinated to Np(III), supporting the EXAFS results. Simple geometric modeling supports a coordination number of 8 for both trivalent and tetravalent Np. For the Np(V) and Np(VI) aquo ions, the EXAFS revealed bond length contractions. The average in teratomic distances for the trans-dioxygen atoms in [NpO2](+) and [NpO2](2+) decreased from 1.80(2) Angstrom for Np(V) to 1.73(2) Angstrom for Np(VI). The average interatomic distances to the oxygen atoms of the coordinated H2O molecules decreased from 2.44(3) Angstrom to 2.36(3) Angstrom, respectively. The oxygen coordination numbers were identical, suggesting that 5 water molecules are bound to Np5+ in [NpO2(OH2)(5)](+) and to Np6+ in [NpO2(OH2)(5)](2+). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Antonio, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 76 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 4 U2 36 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 403WW UT WOS:000167066600002 ER PT J AU Addleman, RS Wai, CM AF Addleman, RS Wai, CM TI Distribution coefficients of UO2(NO3)(2)center dot 2TBP in supercritical fluid CO2 as determined by on-line time resolved laser induced fluorescence SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE uranium; fluorescence; distribution coefficient; supercritical extraction ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOLID MATERIALS; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS REAGENTS; METAL-IONS; EXTRACTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; LANTHANIDES; URANIUM(VI); ABSORPTION; SOLUBILITY AB Time resolved laser induced fluorescence has been used for on-line analysis of uranium extraction from acidic solutions with tributyl phosphate modified supercritical carbon dioxide. The in-situ measurement allows direct characterization of the supercritical fluid extraction. The extractions were found to be first order with respect to uranium and the distribution coefficient was observed to increase with temperature and tributyl phosphate concentration. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Hlth Sci Div, Richland, WA 99336 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID USA. RP Addleman, RS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm & Hlth Sci Div, Richland, WA 99336 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.1.027 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 403WW UT WOS:000167066600003 ER PT J AU Friese, JI Nash, KL Jensen, MP Sullivan, JC AF Friese, JI Nash, KL Jensen, MP Sullivan, JC TI Interactions of Np(V) and U(VI) with dipicolinic acid SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE uranium(VI); neptunium(V); dipicolinic acid; kinetics; activation parameters ID CHLOROPHOSPHONAZO-III; DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; COMPLEXATION; KINETICS; DIOXOURANIUM(VI) AB To complement earlier studies of the complexation kinetics of Np(V) and U(VI) by oxydiacetic acid and several diphosphonic acids, the rate of complexation of these metal ions by dipicolinic acid (pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, DPA) has been investigated by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. This ligand is distinguished from the previously studied species by the rigid planar arrangement of the ligand functional groups and the presence of a pyridine nitrogen donor atom. Reactions of DPA with UO22+ at p[H] 1 and NpO2+ at p[H] 1 and 3 adhere to the comparatively simple first-order approach to equilibrium kinetic model used to describe the earlier results. At p[H] 3, the UO22+ reaction is characterized by consecutive pseudo-first order reactions. The first is an apparent approach to equilibrium while the second process demonstrates a saturation effect, indicating the existence of a stable intermediate complex. Relative rates and activation parameters are discussed in comparison with the previous results. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nash, KL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 6 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.1.035 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 403WW UT WOS:000167066600004 ER PT J AU Bernard, JG Bauer, E Richards, MP Arterburn, JB Chamberlin, RM AF Bernard, JG Bauer, E Richards, MP Arterburn, JB Chamberlin, RM TI Catalytic reduction of pertechnetate ((TcO4-)-Tc-99) in simulated alkaline nuclear wastes SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE technetium; nuclear waste; fission products; catalytic reduction; Hanford site ID FORMIC-ACID; GENERATION; HYDROGEN; NITRATE; MEDIA AB Pertechnetate ion ((TcO4-)-Tc-99, 10(-4) M) in alkaline solution is quantitatively reduced to hydrous TcO2 by thermolysis (65 degreesC, 4 days) in the presence of organic complexants and fission-product noble metals (RuCl3, RhCl3, and PdCl2; 0.001 M). Over 99% reduction occurs in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), hydroxyethyl(ethylenediaminetriacetic acid) (HEDTA), or glycolic acid (0.050 M). Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), oxalic acid, and citric acid provide less than or equal to 2% reduction. Ruthenium, rhodium, and palladium chlorides also catalyze the reduction of TcO4- by hydrogen gas. The results are consistent with a two-step process of complexant degradation to generate H-2, followed by catalytic reduction of pertechnetate to hydrous TcO2 or soluble technetium complexes. Catalytic reduction is a viable, non-radiolytic route to the formation of non-pertechnetate species of Tc-99 in alkaline nuclear wastes, e.g., Hanford tank wastes. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl & Radiochem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Biochem & Chem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Chamberlin, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl & Radiochem Grp, CST-11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Chamberlin, Rebecca/A-1335-2011 OI Chamberlin, Rebecca/0000-0001-6468-7778 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 1 BP 59 EP 61 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.1.059 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 403WW UT WOS:000167066600008 ER PT J AU Rai, D Bolton, H Moore, DA Hess, NJ Choppin, GR AF Rai, D Bolton, H Moore, DA Hess, NJ Choppin, GR TI Thermodynamic model for the solubility of PuO2(am) in the aqueous Na+-H+-OH--CI--H2O-ethylenediaminetetraacetate system SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE thermodynamics; Prl(IV) complexes; EDTA complexes; PuO2(am); solubility; ethylenediaminetetraacetate; PuOHEDTA-; Pu(OH)(2)EDTA(2-); Pu(OH)(3)EDTA(3-) ID NATURAL-WATERS; PLUTONIUM; PREDICTION; HYDROXIDE; MIGRATION; PRODUCT; OXIDE AB The solubility of PuO2(am) was determined in the aqueous Na+-H+-OH--Cl--H2O-ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (EDTA) system as a function of pH (1 to 13.5) and EDTA concentrations (0.00001 to 0.093 M) to determine PuEDTA complexes important in a wide range of pH values acid EDTA concentrations. The solubility studies were carried out as a function of time and show, as expected, that steady-state/equilibrium in this system is reached rapidly (< 7 days). The aqueous Pu oxidation states were determined by X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and solvent extraction. The aqueous Pu(IV) concentrations in equilibrium with PuO2(am) at fixed concentrations of EDTA (0.0001 or 0.001 M) as a function of pH, and at fixed pH (9), and as a function of EDTA were interpreted using the Fitter ion-interaction model. The model was developed based on a subset of the experimental data and was validated against the remaining, more extensive data not used in model development. The log K-0 values for the formation of Pu(OH)(x)EDTA(x-) according to the generalized reaction (Pu4+ + xOH + EDTA(4-) reversible arrow Pu(OH)(x)EDTA(-x)) were determined to be 36.44 +/- 0.35, 44.78 +/- 0.35, and 49.80 +/- 0.35 for x = 1, 2, and 3, respectively, when log K-0 of -56.85 for (PuO2(am) + 2H(2)O reversible arrow Pu4+ +4OH ) is used. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Rai, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 2 BP 67 EP 74 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.2.067 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 422PB UT WOS:000168126500002 ER PT J AU Pirmettis, I Limouris, GS Bouziotis, P Papadopoulos, M Knapp, FF Chiotellis, E AF Pirmettis, I Limouris, GS Bouziotis, P Papadopoulos, M Knapp, FF Chiotellis, E TI Pentavalent rhenium-188 dimercaptosuccinic acid: a new kit formulation and its initial evaluation in mice SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE rhenium-188; dimercaptosuccinic acid; bone metastases; medullary thyroid carcinoma; systemic radiotherapy ID AGENT; RADIOTHERAPY; GENERATOR AB Pentavalent rhenium-188 dimercaptosuccinic acid [Re-188(V)DMSA] is a beta -emitting radiopharmaceutical that has been proposed for the treatment of painful bone metastases, medullary thyroid carcinoma and other soft tissue tumours. In this study the development of a kit formulation for convenient, routine preparation of Re-188(V)DMSA is presented. The kit contains all the ingredients in a single vial and its reconstitution with Re-188 perrhenate, up to 4 mt, produces Re-188(V)DMSA in high radiochemical purity, suitable for clinical application. Re-188(V)DMSA prepared by this kit method was evaluated in mice and resulted in a biodistribution pattern similar to that of Tc-99m(V)DMSA. C1 NCSR Demokritos, Inst Radioisotopes & Radiodiagnost Prod, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. Areteion Univ Hosp, Dept Radiol, Div Nucl Med, Athens Med Fac, Athens, Greece. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Med Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Chiotellis, E (reprint author), NCSR Demokritos, Inst Radioisotopes & Radiodiagnost Prod, POB 60228, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 2 BP 115 EP 118 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.2.115 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 422PB UT WOS:000168126500009 ER PT J AU Pibida, L Nortershauser, W Hutchinson, JMR Bushaw, BA AF Pibida, L Nortershauser, W Hutchinson, JMR Bushaw, BA TI Evaluation of resonance ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of Cs-135/Cs-137 isotope ratios in low-level samples SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE resonance ionization; trace analysis; Cs-135/Cs-137 isotope ratios; mass spectrometry ID SPECTROSCOPY; SR-90; CA-41; RIMS AB The ability of Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS) to reliably determine the ratio of Cs-135/Cs-137 in the presence of large backgrounds has been evaluated. Single-resonance excitation of Cs 6s S-2(1/2)(F = 4) --> 6p P-2(3/2)(F ' = 5) with an extended cavity diode laser was followed by photoionization with the 488 nm line of an argon ion laser. While the principal objective was to avoid isobaric interferences, an optical selectivity of 3 orders of magnitude against stable Cs-133 was attained for both Cs-135 and Cs-137. The overall RIMS efficiency was found to be similar to 2x10(-6) with a combined (laser and mass spectrometer) selectivity of similar to 10(10) for both Cs-135 and Cs-137 against Cs-133. The performance with respect to efficiency, selectivity, and isobar suppression has been compared to conventional thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Measurements to determine the chronological age of a burn-up sample have been performed using both methods. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Walla Walla, WA 99362 USA. RP Pibida, L (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Nortershauser, Wilfried/A-6671-2013 OI Nortershauser, Wilfried/0000-0001-7432-3687 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 3 BP 161 EP 168 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.3.161 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 435BF UT WOS:000168853000008 ER PT J AU Haight, RC AF Haight, RC TI Medium energy neutron and proton nuclear data for therapy SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE neutrons; protons; nuclear data; cross sections; standards; KERMA coefficient; dosimetry; benchmarks ID TOTAL CROSS-SECTIONS; CHARGED-PARTICLE PRODUCTION; SIMPLE RAMSAUER MODEL; KERMA FACTORS; SCATTERING; BOMBARDMENT; OXYGEN; SI; CA; FE AB The range and status of nuclear data on the interaction of medium-energy neutrons and protons with biomedical materials are discussed. Microscopic data (cross sections) include results of experimental measurements, indices and compilations of such data, and evaluated data. Experimental data, while usually available only in partial ranges of interest, are essential for validating and normalizing nuclear models used to produce comprehensive evaluated data libraries. Integral measurements of radiation transport such as depth-dose curves and of KERMA coefficients test the data and their application in transport calculations. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Haight, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 4-5 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.4-5.289 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 441HT UT WOS:000169225500012 ER PT J AU Chadwick, MB AF Chadwick, MB TI Nuclear reactions in proton, neutron, and photon radiotherapy SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE radiation therapy; dosimetry; kerma; nuclear reactions ID DIFFERENTIAL INCLUSIVE HYDROGEN; SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS; KERMA FACTORS; PARTICLE PRODUCTION; HELIUM SPECTRA; CARBON; ENERGIES; OXYGEN; MODEL; NITROGEN AB This review article provides an overview, for medical physicists, of recent work that addresses the role of nuclear reactions in proton, fast neutron, and conventional photon radiation therapy. Nuclear reaction cross sections have been evaluated, in ENDF format, for use in Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations of radiotherapy, in order to optimize the absorbed dose to a tumor. The evaluations utilize both measured cross section data as well as nuclear model calculations of direct, preequilibrium, and Hauser-Feshbach compound processes. In the case of photonuclear reactions, giant dipole resonance and quasideuteron photoabsorption mechanisms are considered. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chadwick, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 4-5 BP 325 EP 336 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.4-5.325 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 441HT UT WOS:000169225500016 ER PT J AU Gibson, JK Haire, RG AF Gibson, JK Haire, RG TI Berkelium and californium organometallic ions SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE berkelium; californium; organometallics; laser ablation; mass spectrometry ID GAS-PHASE CHEMISTRY; LASER-ABLATION; ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATIONS; LANTHANIDE; POLYIMIDE; ACTINIDE; ALKENES; HYDROCARBONS; ENERGIES; CURIUM AB Organoberkelium and organocalifornium ions were produced for the first time by laser ablation of (Bk2O3)-Bk-249 and (Cf2O3)-Cf-249 dispersions in polyimide, followed by analysis with time-of flight mass spectrometry. The primary products formed were: BkCH3+, BkC2+, AnC(2)H(+), AnCN(+), AnC(4)H(+), An(OH)(CN)(+), AnOCN(+), AnOH(+), An(OH)(2)(+) and AnO(+) (where An = Bk or Cf). Several of these complexes represent the first organoactindes in which Bk and Cf are directly bonded to carbon. The compositions and abundance distributions of the products are effectively evaluated in the context of a bonding model which requires one or two non-5f valence electrons at the An(+) center for participation in direct An(+)-C bonding to form the monovalent or divalent complexes. Both Bk and Cf exhibit a propensity to form. "monovalent" organoactinides in which the metal center forms a single sigma -type bond to the organic moiety. Most earlier actinides form "divalent" complexes having two An+-C bonds. A few small oxide cluster ions, An(m)O(n)(+) (m = 2 or 3) were identified, demonstrating the feasibility of preparing clusters for the heavy actinides. The energetics underlying the present results are discussed with an emphasis on the evidently pivotal position of Bk in the actinide series. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gibson, JK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 6 BP 363 EP 369 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.6.363 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 450TC UT WOS:000169758300002 ER PT J AU Neck, V Kim, JI Seidel, BS Marquardt, CM Dardenne, K Jensen, MP Hauser, W AF Neck, V Kim, JI Seidel, BS Marquardt, CM Dardenne, K Jensen, MP Hauser, W TI A spectroscopic study of the hydrolysis, colloid formation and solubility of Np(IV) SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE neptunium(IV); hydrolysis; colloid formation; solubility product; spectroscopy; LPAS; LIBD ID NEPTUNIUM(IV) HYDROUS OXIDE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; LASER; PARTICLES; WATER AB The hydrolysis, colloid formation and solubility of Np(IV) are investigated in aqueous HClO4-NaClO4 solutions (log [H+] = 0 to - 2.5) by absorption spectroscopy in the wavelength range of 680-1000nm. Applying Laser induced photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) in the range of 680-760 nm, the study is extended to low Np(IV) concentrations of 10(-6) mol/l in DClO4-NaClO4-D2O solutions up to log [D+] = -3.3. Laser induced breakdown detection (LIBD) demonstrates the formation of Np(IV) colloids when the Np(IV) concentration exceeds the solubility of Np(OH)(4)(am) at given pH. The simultaneous decrease of the Np(IV) absorption bands at 723 and 960 nm cannot be ascribed to the formation of the mononuclear complex Np(OH)(3+) as assumed in the literature. It is found to be caused by polynucleation. In undersaturated Np(IV) solutions below 10(-4) mol/l. the position and intensity of the absorption maximum at 723 nm are practically insensitive to the pH change. In oversaturated solutions the absorption band decreases significantly. The spectroscopically determined pH-dependent equilibrium concentration of mononuclear Np(IV) species above freshly formed solid or colloidal Np(IV) particles indicates that Np(OH)(2)(2+) is the predominant species in the pH range of 1.5-3. This finding is in agreement with the Np(IV) hydrolysis constants reported in the literature from a solvent extraction study with Np-239(IV) trace concentrations. The solubility product of freshly formed Np(OH)?(am) par tides is determined to be log K ' (sp) = -54.4 +/- 0.4 in 0.1 M HClO4-NaClO4 and log K degrees (sp) = -56.5 +/- 0.4 (converted to I = 0 by applying the SIT). C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nukl Entsorgung, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Neck, V (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Nukl Entsorgung, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012; Dardenne, Kathy/A-2519-2017 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693; Dardenne, Kathy/0000-0003-1286-1855 NR 25 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 14 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 7 BP 439 EP 446 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.7.439 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 455QA UT WOS:000170036900004 ER PT J AU Rai, D Moore, DA Felmy, AR Choppin, GR Moore, RC AF Rai, D Moore, DA Felmy, AR Choppin, GR Moore, RC TI Thermodynamics of the PuO2+-Na+-OH--Cl--ClO4--H2O system: use of NpO2+ Pitzer parameters for PuO2+ SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE PuO2 (am); radiolysis; PuO2+; PuO22+; solubility; thermodynamics; Pitzer model; actinides ID AQUEOUS K+-HCO3--CO32--OH--H2O SYSTEM; NATURAL-WATERS; CONCENTRATED NACL; OXIDATION-STATES; HYDROUS OXIDE; SOLUBILITY; PLUTONIUM; MODEL; NEPTUNIUM(V); COMPLEXATION AB Obtaining reliable thermodynamic data for Pu(V) is difficult because of its redox and/or disproportionation reactions in most aqueous systems. The known stability of Pu(V) in PuO2(am) suspensions in slightly acidic to near neutral conditions was used to study the solubility Of PuO2(am) in 0.4 and 4.0M NaCl or NaClO4 solutions ranging in pc(H+) values from 4 to 9 as a function of time. The close agreement between the observed solubility and the predicted solubility using Pitzer ion-interaction parameters of Np(V) with Cl- or ClO4- for Pu(V) indicates that Pu(V), as expected, behaves in an analogous fashion to Np(V) and confirms the value of using Np(V) data to model Pu(V) behavior. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Rai, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 8 BP 491 EP 498 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.8.491 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463RD UT WOS:000170490300003 ER PT J AU Panak, PJ Nitsche, H AF Panak, PJ Nitsche, H TI Interaction of aerobic soil bacteria with plutonium(VI) SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE plutonium; Bacillus sphaericus; Pseudomonas stutzeri; biosorption; absorption spectroscopy; actinides ID HYDROLYSIS; STATES AB We studied the interaction of Pu(VI) with Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 17588 and Bacillus sphaericus ATCC 14577, representatives of the main aerobic groups of soil bacteria present in the upper soil layers. The biosorption studies have shown that these soil bacteria accumulate high amounts of Pu(VI). The relative sorption efficiency toward Pu(VI) related to the amount of biomass used decreased with increasing biomass concentration due to increased agglomeration of the bacteria resulting in a decrease of the number of available complexing groups. Spores of Bacillus sphaericus showed a higher biosorption than the vegetative cells at low biomass concentration which decreased significantly with increasing biomass concentration. At higher biomass concentrations (> 0.7 g/L), the vegetative cells of both strains and the spores of B. sphaericus showed comparable sorption efficiencies. Investigations on the pH dependency of the biosorption and extraction studies with 0.01 M EDTA solution have shown that the biosorption of plutonium is a reversible process and the plutonium is bound by surface complexation. Optical absorption spectroscopy showed that one third of the initially present Pu(VI) was reduced to Pu(V) after 24 hours. Kinetic studies and solvent extraction to separate different oxidation states of Pu after contact with the biomass provided further information on the yield and the kinetics of the bacteria-mediated reduction. Long-term studies showed that also 16% of Pu(IV) was formed after one month. The slow kinetics of this process indicate that under our experimental conditions the Pu(IV) was not a produced by microbial reduction but seemed to be rather the result of the disproportionation of the formed Pu(V) or autoreduction of Pu(VI). C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nitsche, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Glenn T Seaborg Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 10 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 8 BP 499 EP 504 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.8.499 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 463RD UT WOS:000170490300004 ER PT J AU Jensen, MP Nash, KL AF Jensen, MP Nash, KL TI Thermodynamics of dioxoneptunium(V) complexation by dicarboxylic acids SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE neptunium(V); uranium(VI); dicarboxylic acids; complexation; calorimetry ID SOLUTION CHEMISTRY; STABILITY-CONSTANTS; LIGANDS; NEPTUNIUM(V); ACTINIDES; LANTHANIDES; HYDRATION; CATIONS; UO22+; NPO2+ AB The free energy and enthalpy changes associated with complexation. of NpO2+ by oxydiacetic acid, iminodiacetic acid, and malonic acid have been measured in 1 M NaClO4 at 25 degreesC using spectrophotometric, potentiometric, and calorimetric titrations. Only I : 1 complexes were observed with the oxydiacetate and iminodiacetate dianions, while both 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes were observed with the malonate dianion. The free energies indicate that all of the potential donor groups are bound to the neptunium center. The favorable complexation entropies are unusually large for the NpO2+-oxydiacetate complex, suggesting a unique interaction of the metal-ligand complex with the solvent molecules. Relationships between the free energies of complexation of UO22+ and NpO2+ and between the dicarboxylate complexation entropies of NpO2+ and a variety of metal cations are developed and discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jensen, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 40 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 9 BP 557 EP 564 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.9.557 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 482TT UT WOS:000171591900003 ER PT J AU Gelis, AV Vanysek, P Jensen, MP Nash, KL AF Gelis, AV Vanysek, P Jensen, MP Nash, KL TI Electrochemical and spectrophotometric investigations of neptunium in alkaline media SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE neptunium(IV,V,VI,VII); alkaline media; cyclic voltammetry; speciation; hydrolysis; carbonate complexes ID CARBONATE AB The results of electrochemical and spectrophotometric studies of neptunium in concentrated alkali ([OH-](tot) = 0.9 to 6.5 M) and mixed hydroxo-carbonate solutions are reported. Using cyclic voltammetry, we have demonstrated reversibility of the Np(VI)/(V) couple and quasi-reversibility of the Np(VII)/(VI) couple in basic solutions ([OH-](tot) above 1.0 M), implying nearly constant coordination geometries for the predominant Np(V), Np(VI) and Np(VII) species in such media. For the first time, formation of Np(IV) hydroxide in alkaline solutions has been demonstrated using voltammetric methods. The formal redox potential of the Np(VI)/(V) couple in 1 M NaOH was determined to be 0.106 +/- 0.001 V/N.H.E. This value is different in NaOH and LiOH media, which we have interpreted to indicate a specific interaction between the lithium cation and a Np anionic species. At [CO32-](tot) greater than 0.1 M in 1.8 M NaOH, the Np(VI)/(V) couple was found to be quasireversible while the Np(VH)/(VI) couple was irreversible. Formal redox potentials for Np in several alkaline solutions have been evaluated. These results are discussed in comparison with previously reported information. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. No Illinois Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Nash, KL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012; Vanysek, Petr/A-1949-2016 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693; Vanysek, Petr/0000-0002-5458-393X NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 5 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 9 BP 565 EP 571 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.9.565 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 482TT UT WOS:000171591900004 ER PT J AU Huntley, MW AF Huntley, MW TI Sequential separation of americium, curium, plutonium, neptunium and uranium in various matrices from the electrometallurgic treatment of spent-nuclear fuel SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE ion exchange; spent fuel; transplutonium actinides; alpha spectroscopy; electrorefining AB The separation of americium-241, curium-242/244, plutonium-238/239, neptunium-237, and uranium-234/235/238, in the same sample aliquot of clear acidic solution resulting from the electrometallurgical treatment of spent nuclear fuel has been investigated. Using ion exchange techniques in 10 M HCl media, it was determined that good separation can be achieved to resolve each isotope via alpha spectroscopy. The resin used was AG 1-x8 chloride form supplied by BioRad (R) Laboratories. The retention and eluting conditions for each isotope were determined using tracer techniques and will be presented. Based on this work, an analytical procedure for the sequential separation of Am, Cm, Pu, Np, and U, in various sample matrices recovered from the demonstration project is presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Technol Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Huntley, MW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Nucl Technol Div, POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 10 BP 605 EP 612 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.10.605 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485HQ UT WOS:000171747800001 ER PT J AU Mincher, BJ Fox, RV Holmes, RGG Robbins, RA Boardman, C AF Mincher, BJ Fox, RV Holmes, RGG Robbins, RA Boardman, C TI Supercritical fluid extraction of plutonium and americium from soil using thenoyltrifluoroacetone and tributylphosphate complexation SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE supercritical fluid extraction; plutonium; americium; soil ID FLUORINATED BETA-DIKETONES; TRIBUTYL-PHOSPHATE; SOLID-PHASES; ROCKY FLATS; URANIUM; LANTHANIDES; ACTINIDES; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ASSOCIATION; SPECIATION AB Samples of clean soil from the source used to backfill pits at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory's Radioactive Waste Management Complex were spiked with Pu-239 and Am-241 to evaluate ligand-assisted supercritical fluid extraction as a decontamination method. The actual soil in the pits has been subject to approximately three decades of weathering since it was originally contaminated. No surrogate soil can perfectly simulate the real event, but actual contaminated soil was not available for research purposes. However, fractionation of Am and Pu in the surrogate soil was found to be similar to that previously measured in the real soil using a sequential aqueous extraction procedure. This suggests that Pu and Am behavior are similar in the two soils. The surrogate was subjected to supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, in the presence of the fluorinated beta diketone thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA), and tributylphosphate (TBP). As much as 69% of the Pu and 88% of the Am were removed from the soil using 3.2mol% TTA and 2.7 mol % TBP, in a single 45 minute extraction. Extraction conditions employing a 5 mol % ethanol modifier with 0.33 mol % TTA and 0.27 mol % TBP resulted in 66% Pu and 68% Am extracted. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for the removal of actinides from soil. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. BNFL Inc, Idaho Falls, ID 83404 USA. RP Fox, RV (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1626, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 10 BP 613 EP 617 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.10.613 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485HQ UT WOS:000171747800002 ER PT J AU Hennig, C Panak, PJ Reich, T Rossberg, A Raff, J Selenska-Pobell, S Matz, W Bucher, JJ Bernhard, G Nitsche, H AF Hennig, C Panak, PJ Reich, T Rossberg, A Raff, J Selenska-Pobell, S Matz, W Bucher, JJ Bernhard, G Nitsche, H TI EXAFS investigation of uranium(VI) complexes formed at Bacillus cereus and Bacillus sphaericus surfaces SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE EXAFS; uranium complexation; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus sphaericus ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; SELECTIVE ACCUMULATION; HEAVY-METALS; URANYL-ION; WASTE PILE; PARAMETERS AB Uranium(VI) complex formation at vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus sphaericus was studied using uranium L-II-edge and LIII-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. A comparison of the measured equatorial U-O distances and other EXAFS structural parameters of uranyl species formed at the Bacillus strains with those of the uranyl structure family indicates that the uranium is predominantly bound as uranyl complexes with phosphoryl residues. C1 Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Ion Beam Phys & Mat Res, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Reich, T (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, Inst Radiochem, PF 510119, D-01314 Dresden, Germany. RI The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, ROBL/A-2586-2011; Reich, Tobias/C-7064-2016 OI Reich, Tobias/0000-0002-5600-3951 NR 32 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 6 U2 10 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 10 BP 625 EP 631 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.10.625 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 485HQ UT WOS:000171747800004 ER PT J AU Hoffman, DC AF Hoffman, DC TI Impact of the contributions of Glenn T. Seaborg on nuclear science SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Biographical-Item DE transuranium elements; plutonium; actinides; transactinides; seaborgium C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Nucl Sci Div, Heavy Element Nucl & Radiochem Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Seaborg Inst Transactinium Isotopes, Livermore, CA USA. RP Hoffman, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Nucl Sci Div, Heavy Element Nucl & Radiochem Grp, MS-70-319, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 11-12 BP 669 EP 678 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.11-12.669 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 522BM UT WOS:000173875900002 ER PT J AU Gibson, JK Haire, RG AF Gibson, JK Haire, RG TI Metal ion - molecule reactions of Bk+: comparison with Pu+ and Tb+ SO RADIOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Nuclear and Radiochemistry (NRC5) CY SEP 03-08, 2000 CL PONTRESINA, SWITZERLAND DE berkelium; plutonium; terbium; actinide ion chemistry; metal ion chemistry ID GAS-PHASE CHEMISTRY; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; HYDROCARBON ACTIVATION; CYCLIC HYDROCARBONS; BOND-ENERGIES; LANTHANIDE; CATIONS; ALKENES; PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENE; REACTIVITY AB Gas-phase reactions of the bare monopositive berkelium ion, Bk+, with several reagents were examined by a mass spectrometric technique adapted for the highly radioactive transuranium actinides. The earlier actinide ion, Pu+, and the homologous lanthanide ion, Tb+, were studied simultaneously to enable effective interpretation of the results in the context of the electronic structure and energetics of berkelium. Reactions with several alkenes, as well as butylamine and butyronitrile, revealed that the metal-ion mediated dehydrogenation efficiency decreased in the order: Tb+ > Pu+ > Bk+. The products included (pi-bonded) organoberkelium products such as BkC8H8+, presumably the berkelium-cyclooctadienylide "half-sandwich" complex ion. The reactivity results are consistent with C-H activation by metal ion insertion to form C-M+-H activation complexes, and indicate that the a 5 f electron of ground state Bk+ must be promoted to a 6d orbital to provide two non-5 f valence electrons for the two covalent bonds in these a-bonded organoberkelium. intermediates. Reactions of Bk+ with hexafluoropropene, dimethylether and methylvinylether also indicated lower reactivities compared with Pu+ and Tb+. Products included berkelium. alkoxide and fluoride molecular ions. The experiments reported here are an extension of a systematic study of gas-phase actinide ion chemistry, with Bk-249 now being the shortest-lived isotope for which such studies have been carried out (half-life = 320 days). The results are in accord with those for more reactive Cm+ and less reactive Cf+, which indicated essentially lanthanide-like behavior in this region of the actinide series and chemically inert (localized) 5 f electrons. Large differences between the gas-phase chemistries of Bk+ and Tb+ reflect substantial discrepancies between the electronic energetics of homologous members of the two series, consistent with spectroscopic measurements. Bond dissociation energies, BDE[M+-O], of 655 and 610 U mol(-1) were for estimated for PuO+ and BkO+, respectively. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gibson, JK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, POB 2008 Bldg 5505, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU R OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT M/N, K BERBER-NERLINGER, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0033-8230 J9 RADIOCHIM ACTA JI Radiochim. Acta PY 2001 VL 89 IS 11-12 BP 709 EP 719 DI 10.1524/ract.2001.89.11-12.709 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 522BM UT WOS:000173875900007 ER PT J AU Belov, ME Nikolaev, EN Alving, K Smith, RD AF Belov, ME Nikolaev, EN Alving, K Smith, RD TI A new technique for unbiased external ion accumulation in a quadrupole two-dimensional ion trap for electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID STORAGE ASSISTED DISSOCIATION; SPACE-CHARGE; SYSTEM AB External ion accumulation in a two-dimensional (2D) multipole trap has been shown to increase the sensitivity, dynamic range and duty cycle of a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer. However, it is important that trapped ions be detected without significant bias at longer accumulation times in the external 2D multipole trap. With increasing ion accumulation time pronounced m/z discrimination was observed when trapping ions in an accumulation quadrupole. In this work we show that superimposing lower rf-amplitude dipolar excitation over the main rf-field in the accumulation quadrupole results in disruption of the m/z discrimination and can potentially be used to achieve unbiased external ion accumulation with FTICR. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM dick.smith@pnl.gov RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Nikolaev, Eugene/N-4498-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Nikolaev, Eugene/0000-0001-6209-2068 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 12365] NR 34 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2001 VL 15 IS 14 BP 1172 EP 1180 DI 10.1002/rcm.356 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 453VV UT WOS:000169937900007 PM 11445899 ER PT J AU Hoyne, PR Benson, LM Veenstra, TD Maher, LJ Naylor, S AF Hoyne, PR Benson, LM Veenstra, TD Maher, LJ Naylor, S TI RNA-RNA noncovalent interactions investigated by microspray ionization mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID OCCURRING ANTISENSE RNA; GENE-REGULATION; INHIBITION; COMPLEXES; BINDING; TARGET AB Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is playing an increasing role in the study of noncovalent interactions involving biomolecules. RNA-RNA complexes are important in many areas of biology, including RNA catalysis, RNA splicing, ribosome function, and gene regulation. Here, microelectrospray mass spectrometry (mu ESI-MS) is used to study noncovalent base-pairing interactions between RNA oligonucleotides, an area not previously explored by this technique. Using a set of complementary RNA oligonucleotides, we demonstrate the formation of the expected double-helical RNA complexes composed of three distinct oligonucleotides. The ability to study specific RNA noncovalent interactions by mu ESI-MS has the potential to provide a unique method by which to analyze and assign precise molecular masses to RNA-RNA complexes. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Mass Spectrometry & Funct Prote Facil, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut & Clin Pharma, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Guggenheim C009B,200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM naylor.stephen@mayo.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47814]; PHS HHS [GN18926, GNC-98585] NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2001 VL 15 IS 17 BP 1539 EP 1547 DI 10.1002/rcm.404.abs PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 469UB UT WOS:000170833500007 PM 11713780 ER PT J AU Gorshkov, MV Masselon, CD Anderson, GA Udseth, HR Smith, RD AF Gorshkov, MV Masselon, CD Anderson, GA Udseth, HR Smith, RD TI Dynamically assisted gated trapping for Fourier transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION; RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; ACCUMULATION AB An efficient approach for trapping ions and enhancing signal based on 'adiabatic amplitude reduction' for Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry is described and evaluated. This method is a modification to the widely used gated trapping technique in which the trapping potential is raised adiabatically rather than instantaneously (non-adiabatically). Compared with non-adiabatic gated trapping, the final amplitudes of ion axial oscillations and energies are lower in the proposed method. All performance aspects of the FTICR spectrum (e.g., peak intensities, mass resolution, and mass accuracy) improve significantly compared to the conventional gated trapping technique. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, K8-98,902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Gorshkov, Mikhail/E-8522-2010; Masselon, Christophe/A-2340-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Gorshkov, Mikhail/N-4984-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Gorshkov, Mikhail/0000-0001-9572-3452 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR12365] NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2001 VL 15 IS 17 BP 1558 EP 1561 DI 10.1002/rcm.399 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 469UB UT WOS:000170833500010 PM 11544593 ER PT J AU Belov, ME Gorshkov, MV Alving, K Smith, RD AF Belov, ME Gorshkov, MV Alving, K Smith, RD TI Optimal pressure conditions for unbiased external ion accumulation in a two-dimensional radio-frequency quadrupole for Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID STORAGE ASSISTED DISSOCIATION; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION AB When combined with on-line separations (e.g., capillary liquid chromatography (LC)), Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) provides a powerful tool for biological applications, and particularly proteomic studies. The sensitivity, dynamic range, and duty cycle provided by FTICR-MS have been shown to be increased by ion trapping and accumulation in a two-dimensional (2D) radio-frequency (rf)-only multipole positioned externally to an FTICR cell. However, it is important that ions be detected across the desired m/z range without a significant bias. In this work we found that pressure inside the accumulation rf-quadrupole plays an important role in obtaining 'unbiased' ion accumulation. Pressure optimization was performed in both pulsed and continuous modes. It was found that unbiased accumulation in a 2D rf-only quadrupole could be achieved in the pressure range of 5 X 10(-4) to 5 x 10 (-3) Torr. External ion accumulation performed at the optimal pressure resulted in an increase in both the spectrum acquisition rates and dynamic range. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Gorshkov, Mikhail/E-8522-2010; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012; Gorshkov, Mikhail/N-4984-2013 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349; Gorshkov, Mikhail/0000-0001-9572-3452 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 12365] NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2001 VL 15 IS 21 BP 1988 EP 1996 DI 10.1002/rcm.459.abs PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 486ZU UT WOS:000171849900002 PM 11675664 ER PT S AU Park, BW Corrales, LR AF Park, BW Corrales, LR BE Jiang, S TI Molecular dynamics simulation of La2O3-SiO2 glass SO RARE-EARTH-DOPED MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Rare-Earth Doped Materials and Devices V CY JAN 22-23, 2001 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE molecular dynamics computer simulation; lanthanum oxide silicate glass; EXAFS; neutron diffraction; rare earth ion clustering AB Based on chemical, physical, and economical reasons oxide glasses are and will be the materials of choice for advanced optical and electronic applications. Engineered rare earth materials are envisioned to have unique optical and electronic properties. Depending on the application, higher or lower rare earth solubility in glass may be required. Many issues arise including how the presence of lanthanide oxides in silicates leads to heterogeneous phenomena such as nanoclustering, precipitation, crystal nucleation or phase separation. True solubility of rare earth elements in binary glass systems without cluster formation is very limited, whereas, higher solubility can be achieved in multi-component glass systems. In this work, the local environment of La in silicate glasses has been investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulation. Structural features that have been determined include simulated neutron diffraction and EXAFS patterns. Analysis to better understand the underlying driving forces of clustering is also presented. C1 Pacific NW Natl Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Park, BW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Labs, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,K8-91, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3960-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4282 BP 101 EP 108 DI 10.1117/12.424766 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BS41K UT WOS:000169777300014 ER PT S AU Alder, BJ AF Alder, BJ BE Bartel, TJ Gallis, MA TI Reflections on the Boltzmann equation SO RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Sandia Natl Labs, AFOSR/AOARD, ONR IFO Asia, Far E, DLR, USA Res Off, GAB Consulting Pty Ltd, Telstra ID ALGORITHM AB Developments since the formulation of the Boltzmann equation will be discussed. This includes assumptions in the derivation of the equation that make it valid only asymptotically. Merits of the solution of the equation by various numerical techniques will be outlined including the lattice Boltzmann version. Finally, attempts at extending applicability to higher density and embedding into a continuum will be discussed. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Alder, BJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0025-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 585 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT38R UT WOS:000172834300001 ER PT S AU Garcia, AL Wagner, W AF Garcia, AL Wagner, W BE Bartel, TJ Gallis, MA TI A new kinetic equation for dense gases SO RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Sandia Natl Labs, AFOSR/AOARD, ONR IFO Asia, Far E, DLR, USA Res Off, GAB Consulting Pty Ltd, Telstra ID CONSISTENT BOLTZMANN ALGORITHM; ENSKOG EQUATION; SIMULATION; BIRD AB Alexander, Garcia and Alder [1] introduced the Consistent Boltzmann Algorithm (CBA) as a simple variant of Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) for dense gases. In CBA, collisions alter both the positions and velocities of the particles. in the present work the limiting kinetic equation for CBA is derived; the formulation is similar to the proof that the Boltzmann equation is the limiting kinetic equation for DSMC [11]. The relation between this new kinetic equation and the Enskog equation is outlined. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA 94720 USA. RP Garcia, AL (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0025-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 585 BP 17 EP 21 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT38R UT WOS:000172834300003 ER PT S AU Gallis, MA Torczynski, JR AF Gallis, MA Torczynski, JR BE Bartel, TJ Gallis, MA TI A collective collision operator for DSMC SO RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Sandia Natl Labs, AFOSR/AOARD, ONR IFO Asia, Far E, DLR, USA Res Off, GAB Consulting Pty Ltd, Telstra AB A new scheme to simulate elastic collisions in particle simulation codes is presented. The new scheme aims at simulating the collisions in the highly collisional regime, in which particle simulation techniques typically become computationally expensive. The new scheme is based on the concept of a grid-based collision field. According to this scheme, the particles perform a single collision with the background grid during a time step. The properties of the background field are calculated from the moments of the distribution function accumulated on the grid. The collision operator is based on the Langevin equation. Based on comparisons with other methods, it is found that the Langevin method overestimates the collision frequency for dilute gases. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Gallis, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0025-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 585 BP 401 EP 407 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BT38R UT WOS:000172834300055 ER PT S AU James, MR Maloy, SA Sommer, WF Ferguson, PD Fowler, MM Mueller, GE Corzine, RK AF James, MR Maloy, SA Sommer, WF Ferguson, PD Fowler, MM Mueller, GE Corzine, RK BE Williams, JG Vehar, DW Ruddy, FH Gilliam, DM TI Spectral unfolding of mixed proton/neutron fluences in the LANSCE irradiation environment SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY: RADIATION METROLOGY AND ASSESSMENT SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY SEP 12-17, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E 10 DE spallation; fluence; STAYSL2; neutron; proton; activation; cross section AB An analysis of activation foils from irradiations at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) was used to provide a basis for determination of combined proton and neutron fluxes. Materials samples were irradiated in the A-6 target area at LANSCE to explore the mechanical property changes in a high-energy proton/spallation neutron environment. Proper assessment of the effects of irradiation required quantifying the proton and neutron fluences. Foil stacks consisting of disks of Co, Ni, Fe, Al, Nb and Cu, were irradiated concurrently with mechanical property samples. The irradiation consisted of an 800 MeV, 1 mA proton beam, and a W target in the beam provided a source of spallation neutrons. The maximum proton fluence was 4 x 10(21) p/cm(2) and the maximum neutron fluence was approximately 1 x 10(21) n/cm(2). After irradiation, the foils were withdrawn and the radioactive isotopes sampled with gamma spectroscopy. Initial calculated estimates of the fluences we made with the Los Alamos High-Energy Transport (LAHET) Code System (LCS). The LCS code is a coupling of LAHET and MCNP (Monte Carlo N-Particle) to calculate transport of the high-energy protons, neutrons and photons. From the initial estimates and the measured activation products, STAYSL2 was used to produced a revised spectra of proton and neutron fluences. STAYSL2 is an extension of the STAY'SL code normally used for neutron activation analysis. STAYSL2 has been modified to include proton fluences in the analysis of activation to account for the mixed proton/neutron fluence in the target area. This methodology was applied to multiple foil stacks from different regions of the target in order to profile the spatial dependencies of the fluences. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP James, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009; OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319; Mueller, Gary/0000-0001-5963-9026; Ferguson, Phillip/0000-0002-7661-4223 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2884-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1398 BP 167 EP 174 DI 10.1520/STP13593S PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR88Z UT WOS:000167918300021 ER PT S AU Holden, NE Hu, JP Greenberg, DD Reciniello, RN Farrell, K Greenwood, LR AF Holden, NE Hu, JP Greenberg, DD Reciniello, RN Farrell, K Greenwood, LR BE Williams, JG Vehar, DW Ruddy, FH Gilliam, DM TI Radiation dosimetry at the BNL high flux beam reactor and medical research reactor SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY: RADIATION METROLOGY AND ASSESSMENT SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY SEP 12-17, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E 10 DE HFBR; BMRR; neutron; gamma-ray; fluxes; dose rates; MCNP AB Radiation dosimetry measurements have been performed over a period of many years at the High Flux Beam Reactor (HFBR) and the Medical Research Reactor (BMRR) at Brookhaven National Laboratory to provide information on the energy distribution of the neutron fluxes, neutron dose rates, gamma-ray fluxes and gamma-ray dose rates. The MCNP Particle Transport Code provided Monte Carlo results to compare with various dosimetry measurements performed at the experimental ports, at the treatment rooms and in the thimbles at both the HFBR and BMRR. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Holden, NE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2884-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1398 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1520/STP13600S PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR88Z UT WOS:000167918300028 ER PT S AU Griffin, PJ Williams, JG AF Griffin, PJ Williams, JG BE Williams, JG Vehar, DW Ruddy, FH Gilliam, DM TI Adjustment of the U-235 fission spectrum(3) SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY: RADIATION METROLOGY AND ASSESSMENT SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY SEP 12-17, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E 10 DE adjustment; least squares; fission; benchmark field; U-235; Madland-Nix; spectrum covariance; spectrum uncertainty AB The latest nuclear data are used to examine the sensitivity of the least squares adjustment of the U-235 fission spectrum to the measured reaction rates, dosimetry cross sections, and prior spectrum covariance matrix. All of these parameters were found to be very important in the spectrum adjustment. The most significant deficiency in the nuclear data is the absence of a good prior covariance matrix. Covariance matrices generated from analytic models of the fission spectra have been used in the past. This analysis reveals some unusual features in the covariance matrix produced with this approach. Specific needs are identified for improved nuclear data to better determine the U-235 spectrum. An improved U-235 covariance matrix and adjusted spectrum are recommended for use in radiation transport sensitivity analyses. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Tech Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Griffin, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Tech Res Dept, 6442, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2884-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1398 BP 352 EP 359 DI 10.1520/STP13616S PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR88Z UT WOS:000167918300044 ER PT S AU Greenwood, LR AF Greenwood, LR BE Williams, JG Vehar, DW Ruddy, FH Gilliam, DM TI Integral testing of spallation cross sections for neutron dosimetry at 113 and 256 MeV SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY: RADIATION METROLOGY AND ASSESSMENT SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY SEP 12-17, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E 10 DE spallation neutron sources; spallation cross sections ID PROTON-INDUCED REACTIONS AB Activation rates were measured in Al, Au, Co, Cu, Fe, In, Nb, Ni, Ti, and Zr foils at well-defined geometries in neutron fields created by stopping 113 and 256 MeV proton beams in thick Al and U targets. The neutron spectra were independently measured using time-of-flight spectrometry. Comparison of these data sets provides integral testing and some adjustment of the poorly known activation cross sections at higher energies. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Greenwood, LR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2884-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1398 BP 409 EP 416 DI 10.1520/STP13623S PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR88Z UT WOS:000167918300051 ER PT S AU Holden, NE AF Holden, NE BE Williams, JG Vehar, DW Ruddy, FH Gilliam, DM TI Neutron and non-neutron nuclear data for radiation dosimetry SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY: RADIATION METROLOGY AND ASSESSMENT SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY SEP 12-17, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E 10 DE neutron cross section, resonance integral; half-life, isotopic composition, gamma-ray energy, gamma-ray intensity AB Neutron nuclear data that is used in reactor dosimetry include thermal neutron cross sections and neutron resonance integrals for reactions on a target nucleus. Non-neutron nuclear data used in reactor dosimetry include isotopic compositions of target nuclides and radioactive half-lives, gamma-ray energies and intensities of reaction product nuclides. All of these data are periodically evaluated and recommended values are provided in the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. The latest recommended values are discussed and they are contrasted with some earlier nuclear data, which were provided with neutron detector foils. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Holden, NE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2884-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1398 BP 425 EP 430 DI 10.1520/STP13625S PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR88Z UT WOS:000167918300053 ER PT S AU Alexander, DE Kestel, BJ Rehn, LE Odette, GR Lucas, GE Klingensmith, D Gragg, D Seifert, S Jemian, PR AF Alexander, DE Kestel, BJ Rehn, LE Odette, GR Lucas, GE Klingensmith, D Gragg, D Seifert, S Jemian, PR BE Williams, JG Vehar, DW Ruddy, FH Gilliam, DM TI Correlating radiation exposure with embrittlement: Comparative studies of electron- and neutron-irradiated pressure vessel alloys SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY: RADIATION METROLOGY AND ASSESSMENT SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY SEP 12-17, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E 10 DE damage correlation; neutron irradiation; electron irradiation; pressure vessel embrittlement; primary damage state; small-angle X-ray scattering ID DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; DEFECT PRODUCTION; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; DAMAGE; IRON; METALS; COPPER; FE AB Experiments comparing the embrittling effects of high-energy (10-MeV) electrons and test reactor fast neutrons have been performed to elucidate the role of primary damage state on reactor pressure vessel embrittlement. Electrons produce displacement damage primarily by low-energy atomic recoils, while fast neutrons produce displacements from considerably higher energy recoils. Comparison of changes resulting from neutron irradiation, in which nascent point-defect clusters can form in dense cascades, with electron irradiation where cascade formation is minimized, can provide insight into the role that the in-cascade point-defect clusters have on embrittlement mechanisms. Yield strength changes induced by 10-MeV electrons or test reactor neutron irradiations of unalloyed iron and an Fe-0.9 wt.% Cu-1.0 wt.% Mn alloy were examined up to 1.5 x 10(-2) dpa. The small alloying additions substantially enhanced embrittlement in both the electron- and neutron-irradiated samples relative to unalloyed iron, Similar embrittlement trends with increasing radiation damage were observed for electrons and neutrons in both the ternary and unalloyed iron. Preliminary results of small-angle X-ray scattering measurements of embrittled microstructures are also reported. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alexander, DE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2884-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1398 BP 617 EP 624 DI 10.1520/STP13649S PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR88Z UT WOS:000167918300077 ER PT S AU Stoller, RE Greenwood, LR AF Stoller, RE Greenwood, LR BE Williams, JG Vehar, DW Ruddy, FH Gilliam, DM TI A comparison of the NRT displacement model and primary damage formation observed in molecular dynamics cascade simulations SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY: RADIATION METROLOGY AND ASSESSMENT SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY SEP 12-17, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E 10 DE displacement cascades; ferritic steels; modeling; molecular dynamics; point defects; pressure vessels; radiation damage ID IRON AB The method of molecular dynamics (MD) has been used to simulate atomic displacement cascades in iron with energies up to 50 keV. Since this corresponds to the damage energy of the average iron recoil from an elastic collision with a 2.3 MeV neutron, these simulations have reached well into the regime relevant to fast neutron irradiation. The final cascade damage state is that present when the PKA energy has been dissipated and atomic motion returns to a level characteristic of the irradiation temperature; this typically requires a simulation time of 10 to 20 ps. This state has been characterized in terms of several parameters: the total number of surviving point defects, the fraction of the surviving point defects contained in clusters, and the size distribution of the point defect clusters formed during the cooling of the cascade. The energy dependence of the MD primary damage parameters has been compared with values predicted by the industry-standard NRT secondary displacement model and spectrum-averaged values have been obtained for several relevant neutron energy spectra. The effect of neutron energy spectrum on total point defect survival is relatively weak, supporting the use of NRT dpa as a damage correlation parameter. However, a potentially significant spectrum dependence is observed in the point defect cluster size distributions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stoller, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011; Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2884-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1398 BP 633 EP 640 DI 10.1520/STP13651S PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR88Z UT WOS:000167918300079 ER PT S AU Wang, JA Pace, JV Rosseel, TM AF Wang, JA Pace, JV Rosseel, TM BE Williams, JG Vehar, DW Ruddy, FH Gilliam, DM TI USNRC Embrittlement Data Base (EDB)(2) SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY: RADIATION METROLOGY AND ASSESSMENT SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY SEP 12-17, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E 10 DE radiation embrittlement; database; power reactor; test reactor; fracture toughness AB Large amounts of data obtained from surveillance capsules and test reactor experiments are needed, comprising many different materials and different irradiation conditions, to develop generally applicable damage prediction models that can be used for industry standards and regulatory guides. Version 1 of the Embrittlement Data Base (EDB) [I] is such a comprehensive collection of data resulting from the merging of the Power Reactor Embrittlement Data Base (PR-EDB) [2] and the Test Reactor Embrittlement Data Base (TR-EDB) [3]. Fracture toughness data were also integrated into Version 1 of the EDB. The EDB data files are in dBASE format and can be accessed with a personal computer using the DOS or WINDOWS operating system. A utility program has been written to investigate radiation embrittlement using this data base. The utility program is used to retrieve and select specific data, manipulate data, display data to the screen or printer, and to fit and plot Charpy impact data. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Rosseel, Thomas/J-4086-2016; OI Rosseel, Thomas/0000-0001-9917-7073; Wang, Jy-An/0000-0003-2402-3832 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2884-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1398 BP 657 EP 664 DI 10.1520/STP13654S PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR88Z UT WOS:000167918300082 ER PT S AU Sparks, MH Griffin, PJ Flanders, TM Sallee, WW Vehar, DW AF Sparks, MH Griffin, PJ Flanders, TM Sallee, WW Vehar, DW BE Williams, JG Vehar, DW Ruddy, FH Gilliam, DM TI Characterization and representation of the HPGE detector efficiency SO REACTOR DOSIMETRY: RADIATION METROLOGY AND ASSESSMENT SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Reactor Dosimetry CY SEP 12-17, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E 10 DE detector efficiency; peak efficiency; total efficiency; HPGe detector; photon; gamma-ray; transport calculation; sensitivity analysis AB The feasibility and utility of calculating efficiency curves for HPGe detectors using the MCNP 4B transport code are explored. The calculated curves are compared to experimental data obtained from a Cs-137 source counted on a HPGe detector. Efficiency data for the four centimeter reference location are reported in this work. The detector, shield, and counting fixtures are included in the model. This work also involved extensive sensitivity analyses. Sensitivity studies focused on seven parameters involving the active area of the germanium crystal. Three of the seven variables were found to be significant. C1 Directorate Appl Technol Test & Simulat, STEWS NR AT R, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Nucl Technol Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sparks, MH (reprint author), Directorate Appl Technol Test & Simulat, STEWS NR AT R, White Sands Missile Rang, NM 88002 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2884-3 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2001 VL 1398 BP 706 EP 713 DI 10.1520/STP13660S PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR88Z UT WOS:000167918300088 ER PT S AU Tikare, V Olevsky, EA Braginsky, MV AF Tikare, V Olevsky, EA Braginsky, MV BE Zavaliangos, A Laptev, A TI Combined macro-meso scale modeling of sintering. Part II, mesoscale simulations SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPUTER MODELING OF POWDER METALLURGY PROCESSES SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, SUB-SERIES III: COMPUTER AND SYSTEMS SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Recent Developments in Computer Modeling of Powder Metallurgy Processes CY MAY 15-18, 2000 CL Kiev, UKRAINE SP NATO Sci Affaird Div ID EQUILIBRIUM PORE SURFACES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; POTTS-MODEL; CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; DIFFUSION; GROWTH; INTERMEDIATE; STAGE; EVOLUTION AB A mesoscale, kinetic Monte Carlo model is presented to simulate microstructural evolution during sintering of 2D complex microstructures which evolves by grain growth, pore migration and densification. No assumptions about the geometry of the evolving microstructure are made. The results of these simulations are used to generate sintering stress and normalize viscous bulk modulus for use in continuum level simulation of sintering. The advantage of these simulations is that they can be used to generate more accurate parameters as very assumptions regarding geometry and transport mechanism are made. The previous companion paper used the results from the mesoscale simulations to simulate shrinkage and warpage in sintering of bilayer ceramics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tikare, V (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-6694 BN 1-58603-094-9 J9 NATO SC S SS III C S PY 2001 VL 176 BP 94 EP 104 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Computer Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BY93L UT WOS:000189498800009 ER PT S AU Goldhaber, G AF Goldhaber, G BE Branco, GC Shafi, Q SilvaMarcos, JI TI Large evidence for dark energy from a study of type Ia supernovae SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PARTICLE PHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY SE NATO Science Series II-Mathematics Physics and Chemistry LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced-Study-Institute on Recent Developments in Particle Physics and Cosmology CY JUN 26-JUL 07, 2000 CL CASCAIS, PORTUGAL SP NATO, CFIC, GTAE, EC TMR, FCT Portuguese Minist Sci, NSF ID LIGHT-CURVE; CONSTANT; SEARCH; MODELS; OMEGA AB Type Ia supernovae have been observed to be very good "Standard Candles" after suitable calibration. In the Supernova Cosmology Project we have observed over 80 such distant supernovae with redshifts between 0.18 and 1.2. In a study of 42 of these supernovae and comparison with 18 "near by" supernovae we have obtained evidence that at the present epoch of the expansion the universe is accelerating. This implies the presence of a positive cosmological constant or perhaps some other form of "Dark Energy". Our data are strongly inconsistent with the previously preferred cosmology with Omega(M) = I and Omega(Lambda) = 0. I show that a time stretching or contracting parameter, s, alows a single "composite" curve to fit all the SNe for 0.3 < z < 0.7 as well as the nearby SNe. I also give a direct test that the red-shift is due to the expansion of the universe rather than some other process, such as "tired light". I will also briefly describe the plans of the SNAP collaboration [29] to design, build and launch a satellite. The aim is to discover and critically measure 2000 SNe per year with redshifts from 0.1 to 1.7 to tightly controll systematics. For example SNAP will allow us to explore possible effects due to "grey" dust, and/or evolution on our measurements. Highlights are a 2 meter mirror and a one square degree field of view involving about 150 high resistivity CCD's and 3-arm spectrometer covering the region from near-UV to near-IR. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goldhaber, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gerson@lbl.gov NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-2609 BN 0-7923-7182-8 J9 NATO SCI SER II-MATH PY 2001 VL 34 BP 315 EP 330 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BT56Q UT WOS:000173389800012 ER PT J AU Sales, BC Mandrus, DG Chakoumakos, BC AF Sales, BC Mandrus, DG Chakoumakos, BC TI Use of atomic displacement parameters in thermoelectric materials research SO RECENT TRENDS IN THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS RESEARCH II SE SEMICONDUCTORS AND SEMIMETALS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; FILLED SKUTTERUDITE ANTIMONIDES; CRYSTALS; TEMPERATURE; CERIUM; SEMICONDUCTORS; YBFE4SB12; CEFE4SB12; CLATHRATE; TL2SNTE5 C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sales, BC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 51 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET PY 2001 VL 70 BP 1 EP 36 PG 36 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BR32M UT WOS:000166106300002 ER PT S AU Freibert, F Darling, TW Migliori, A Trugman, SA AF Freibert, F Darling, TW Migliori, A Trugman, SA BE Tritt, TM TI Thermomagnetic effects and measurements SO RECENT TRENDS IN THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS RESEARCH II SE Semiconductors and Semimetals LA English DT Article ID BI-SB ALLOYS; BISMUTH C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. OI Freibert, Franz/0000-0003-4434-3446 NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 BN 0-12-752179-8 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET JI Semicond. Sdemimet. PY 2001 VL 70 BP 207 EP 244 PG 38 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BR32M UT WOS:000166106300008 ER PT J AU Bartkowiak, M Mahan, GD AF Bartkowiak, M Mahan, GD TI Heat and electricity transport through interfaces SO RECENT TRENDS IN THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS RESEARCH II SE SEMICONDUCTORS AND SEMIMETALS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES; THERMOELECTRIC FIGURE; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; KAPITZA CONDUCTANCE; FINITE DIMENSIONS; SUPERLATTICES; MERIT; DIAMOND; SEMICONDUCTORS; BOUNDARIES C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Bartkowiak, M (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 44 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET PY 2001 VL 70 BP 245 EP 271 PG 27 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BR32M UT WOS:000166106300009 ER PT J AU Mahan, GD AF Mahan, GD TI Thermionic refrigeration SO RECENT TRENDS IN THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS RESEARCH III SE SEMICONDUCTORS AND SEMIMETALS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SUPERLATTICES; THERMOELECTRICS; EMISSION C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mahan, GD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET PY 2001 VL 71 BP 157 EP 174 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BR42Q UT WOS:000166371200004 ER PT B AU Wolf, D Yamakov, V Keblinski, P Phillpot, SR Gleiter, H AF Wolf, D Yamakov, V Keblinski, P Phillpot, SR Gleiter, H BE Gottstein, G Molodov, DA TI High-temperature structure and properties of grain boundaries by molecular-dynamics simulation SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Joint International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth CY AUG 27-31, 2001 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde, Verein Deutsch Eisenhuttenleute, Alcan Int Ltd, Thyssen Krupp Stahl AG, VAW aluminium AG DE grain boundary; structure; diffusion; mobility; diffusion creep ID SELF-DIFFUSION; SILICON AB High-temperature structure and properties of grain boundaries by molecular-dynamics simulation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wolf, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41837-7 PY 2001 BP 61 EP 72 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BU19N UT WOS:000175295500006 ER PT B AU Holm, EA Hassold, GN Miodownik, MA AF Holm, EA Hassold, GN Miodownik, MA BE Gottstein, G Molodov, DA TI Dimensional effects on anisotropic grain growth SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Joint International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth CY AUG 27-31, 2001 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde, Verein Deutsch Eisenhuttenleute, Alcan Int Ltd, Thyssen Krupp Stahl AG, VAW aluminium AG DE grain growth; anisotropy; CSL boundaries; molecular dynamics; mobility ID BOUNDARY MOBILITY; SIMULATION; ORIENTATION; ENERGY AB Monte Carlo simulations were used to explore grain growth in polycrystals with anisotropic boundary energy and mobility. In crystallographically constrained systems (i.e. strongly textured or two-dimensional systems) low energy boundaries are found to proliferate during grain growth, altering the microstructural morphology and evolution dramatically; however, low mobility boundaries have much less effect. For randomly textured, three-dimensional polycrystals, grain size distribution, topology, and evolution kinetics are relatively insensitive to the details of the boundary property functions. These results emphasize the need to incorporate realistic crystallography in grain growth models. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Holm, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41837-7 PY 2001 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BU19N UT WOS:000175295500021 ER PT B AU Gertsman, VY AF Gertsman, VY BE Gottstein, G Molodov, DA TI Geometrical theory of elements of polyerystals consisting of CSL boundaries SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Joint International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth CY AUG 27-31, 2001 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde, Verein Deutsch Eisenhuttenleute, Alcan Int Ltd, Thyssen Krupp Stahl AG, VAW aluminium AG DE grain boundaries; triple junctions; quadruple points; polycrystal ID TRIPLE JUNCTIONS AB The coincidence site lattice theory of grain boundaries is extended to multicrystal ensembles, such as triple junctions, quadruple points and multiple junctions of grains. It provides a basis for analyzing the junction structures as well as polycrystalline microstructure. Some hypothetical examples and a case study of an experimental microstructure of recrystallized pure nickel sample are presented. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gertsman, VY (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41837-7 PY 2001 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BU19N UT WOS:000175295500049 ER PT B AU Hughes, DA Hansen, N AF Hughes, DA Hansen, N BE Gottstein, G Molodov, DA TI Recrystallization in subdivided deformation microstructures SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Joint International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth CY AUG 27-31, 2001 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde, Verein Deutsch Eisenhuttenleute, Alcan Int Ltd, Thyssen Krupp Stahl AG, VAW aluminium AG DE deformation; dislocation structures; high angle boundaries; TEM; dynamic; recrystallization ID FCC METALS; ALUMINUM; ORIENTATION; BOUNDARIES; MECHANISMS; CRYSTALS AB Grain subdivision by dislocation boundaries during the deformation of high purity fcc metals strongly influences the nucleation and growth of recrystallized grains. This effect is illustrated in nickel cold deformed at 573 K by torsion. Dynamic recrystallization can be induced at this temperature by lowering the strain rate one order of magnitude. This marginal change in conditions allows a close comparision between the deformation structure and nucleation sites. The deformation process of grain subdivision creates a structure containing an intermixture of low to medium and high angle deformation-induced boundaries. These high angle boundaries are sites for subsequent nucleation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat & Engn Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hughes, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat & Engn Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41837-7 PY 2001 BP 659 EP 668 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BU19N UT WOS:000175295500084 ER PT B AU Gertsman, VY Vetrano, JS Henager, CH Bruemmer, SM AF Gertsman, VY Vetrano, JS Henager, CH Bruemmer, SM BE Gottstein, G Molodov, DA TI EBSD study of microstructure evolution in model aluminum alloys during annealing and high-temperature deformation SO RECRYSTALLIZATION AND GRAIN GROWTH, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Joint International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth CY AUG 27-31, 2001 CL AACHEN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, Deutsch Gesell Materialkunde, Verein Deutsch Eisenhuttenleute, Alcan Int Ltd, Thyssen Krupp Stahl AG, VAW aluminium AG DE aluminum alloys; microstructure; deformation; grain boundaries ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY STRUCTURE; SUPERPLASTICITY; RECRYSTALLIZATION AB Microstructures of four different aluminum alloys were examined by means of electron backscatter diffraction in a scanning electron microscope after annealing and high-temperature deformation. The latter included superplastic conditions. It has been found that it is the stability of the grain size and not of the grain boundary distribution or texture, which is primarily important for maintaining superplastic regime. C1 Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gertsman, VY (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41837-7 PY 2001 BP 837 EP 842 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BU19N UT WOS:000175295500104 ER PT S AU Colgate, SA Li, H Pariev, VI AF Colgate, SA Li, H Pariev, VI BE Wheeler, JC Martel, H TI The origin of the magnetic fields of the universe: The plasma astrophysics of the free energy of the universe SO RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics CY DEC 10-15, 2000 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, US DOE, Univ Texas Austin, Off Vice President Res, Univ Texas Austin, Coll Natl Sci, Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astronom, Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ AB The largest accessible free energy in the universe is almost certainly the binding energy of the massive central black hole (BH) of nearly every galaxy. We have calculated one mechanism that produces this characteristic mass, 10(8) M-., by initiating a Rossby vortex dominated accretion disk at a critical thickness, similar to 100 g cm(-2), in the development of the flat rotation curve of nearly every galaxy. We have simulated how an alpha-Omega dynamo should work due to star-disk collisions and plume rotation. The back reaction of this saturated dynamo may convert almost all the accretion energy into a single force-free magnetic field helix. This helix and field energy is then distributed as a quasi-static, hydrodynamically stable, Poynting flux configuration, filling the intergalactic space with a magnetized plasma. This energy and flux also explains the Faraday rotation maps of AGN in clusters. This energy density is similar to 10(3) times the virial energy of a galactic mass of baryonic matter in the combined gravity of dark and baryonic matter on the galaxy scale and before and during galaxy formation. This extra galactic energy density should affect subsequent galaxy formation. This possibly explains why the large extra galactic mass of gas in both clusters and the walls has not subsequently formed further galaxies. Also the reconnection of this magnetic field during a Hubble time provides enough energy to maintain the extra galactic cosmic ray spectrum. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Colgate, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, T6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0026-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 586 BP 259 EP 261 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT35V UT WOS:000172735600037 ER PT S AU Salmonson, JD AF Salmonson, JD BE Wheeler, JC Martel, H TI The kinematics of the lag-luminosity relationship SO RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics CY DEC 10-15, 2000 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, US DOE, Univ Texas Austin, Off Vice President Res, Univ Texas Austin, Coll Natl Sci, Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astronom, Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS AB Herein I review the argument that kinematics, i.e. relativistic motions of the emitting source in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), are the cause of the lag-luminosity relationship observed in bursts with known redshifts. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Salmonson, JD (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0026-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 586 BP 632 EP 634 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT35V UT WOS:000172735600105 ER PT S AU Focke, WB Bloom, ED Giebels, B Godfrey, G Reilly, KT Parkinson, PS Shabad, G Wood, KS Ray, PS Bandyopadhyay, RM Wolff, MT Fritz, G Hertz, P Kowalski, MP Lovellette, MN Yentis, D Scargle, JD AF Focke, WB Bloom, ED Giebels, B Godfrey, G Reilly, KT Parkinson, PS Shabad, G Wood, KS Ray, PS Bandyopadhyay, RM Wolff, MT Fritz, G Hertz, P Kowalski, MP Lovellette, MN Yentis, D Scargle, JD BE Wheeler, JC Martel, H TI Shot noise in USA lightcurves of XTE J1118+480 and Cygnus X-1 SO RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics CY DEC 10-15, 2000 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, US DOE, Univ Texas Austin, Off Vice President Res, Univ Texas Austin, Coll Natl Sci, Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astronom, Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ ID X-1 AB We investigate the behavior of the new transient black hole candidate XTE J1118+480 using shot noise models in the time domain. Using light curves from the Unconventional Stellar Aspect experiment (USA), we model a portion of the emission as a superposition of shots. Individual structures in the light curve are fit to a template function. The results are compared to a similar analysis performed on light curves from Cygnus X-1. Results indicate that the characteristic timescale for XTE J1118+480 is around 3 times as long as for Cygnus X-1. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0026-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 586 BP 690 EP 692 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT35V UT WOS:000172735600114 ER PT S AU Pariev, VI Bromley, BC Miller, WA AF Pariev, VI Bromley, BC Miller, WA BE Wheeler, JC Martel, H TI Estimation of relativistic accretion disk parameters from iron line emission SO RELATIVISTIC ASTROPHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics CY DEC 10-15, 2000 CL AUSTIN, TX SP Natl Sci Fdn, NASA, US DOE, Univ Texas Austin, Off Vice President Res, Univ Texas Austin, Coll Natl Sci, Univ Texas Austin, Dept Astronom, Univ Texas Austin, McDonald Observ ID BLACK-HOLE; MCG-6-30-15 AB The observed iron K alpha fluorescence lines in Seyfert I galaxies provide strong evidence for an accretion disk near a supermassive black hole as a source of the line emission. Here we present an analysis of the geometrical and kinematic properties of the disk based on the extreme frequency shifts of a line profile as determined by the measurable flux in both the red and blue wings. The edges of the line are insensitive to the distribution of the X-ray flux over the disk, and hence provide a robust alternative to profile fitting of disk parameters. Our approach yields new, strong bounds on the inclination angle of the disk and the location of the emitting region. We apply our method to interpret the observational data from a few Seyfert I nuclei. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pariev, VI (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, T6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0026-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 586 BP 699 EP 701 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BT35V UT WOS:000172735600117 ER PT S AU de Boer, MP Luck, DL Walraven, J Redmond, JM AF de Boer, MP Luck, DL Walraven, J Redmond, JM BE Ramesham, R TI Characterization of an inchworm actuator fabricated by polysilicon surface micromachining SO RELIABILITY, TESTING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS CY OCT 22-24, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE DE actuation; friction; force characterization; optical Moire & Michelson metrology; wear ID MONOLAYER FILMS; ADHESION AB We describe the design, fabrication, test and preliminary analysis of a polycrystalline silicon MEMS inchworm actuator fabricated in a five level surface micromachining process. Large force generation (500 micronewtons), large range of motion (100 microns), small area requirements (600 x 200 um), small step size (10, 40 or 120 nanometers), and a large velocity range (0 to 90 microns per second) are demonstrated. We characterize force with a load cell whose range is calibrated on a logarithmic scale from micronewtons to millinewtons. We characterize out-of-plane displacement with interferometry, and in-plane displacement with Moire metrology sensitive to similar to60 nm. The actuator serves well for testing friction under conditions of well-known applied pressure. We found that our surfaces exhibited a static coefficient of friction (cof) of similar to0.3, and a dynamic cof of similar to0.2. We also present initial wear studies for this device. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, MEMS, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP de Boer, MP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MEMS, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4286-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4558 BP 169 EP 180 DI 10.1117/12.443009 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BT48E UT WOS:000173103600021 ER PT S AU Resnick, PJ Mani, SS AF Resnick, PJ Mani, SS BE Ramesham, R TI Surface preparation for selective tungsten deposition on MEMS structures SO RELIABILITY, TESTING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS CY OCT 22-24, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE DE MEMS; coatings; selective; tungsten; wear; HF; vapor; CVD; surface treatment ID ANHYDROUS HF; SIO2; GAS; CH3OH; OXIDE AB Selectively deposited tungsten films on MEMS surfaces that are subject to friction and wear can substantially reduce wear-related failures. Because deposition of the tungsten film is highly selective to silicon, a pristine surface is required to obtain high quality, contiguous films. Vapor phase HF was used to remove the thin chemical oxide that resides on the surface following traditional liquid phase dissolution of sacrificial oxide films and supercritical CO2 drying of MEMS devices. The use of vapor phase HF after mechanical parts have been released, rather than liquid processes, mitigates potential device damage and surface tension-induced stiction that may occur during liquid phase processing. Tungsten film thickness and morphology were identical to films that were obtained through the use of liquid phase pre-cleaning processes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Resnick, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4286-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4558 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1117/12.443010 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BT48E UT WOS:000173103600022 ER PT S AU Resnick, PJ Clews, PJ AF Resnick, PJ Clews, PJ BE Ramesham, R TI Whole wafer critical point drying of MEMS devices SO RELIABILITY, TESTING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS CY OCT 22-24, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE DE MEMS; supercritical; CO2; stiction; drying AB Stiction induced by capillary forces during the post-release drying step of MEMS fabrication can substantially limit the functional yield of complex devices. Supercritical CO, drying provides a method to remove liquid from the device surface without creating a liquid/vapor interface, thereby mitigating stiction. We show that a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) model can be applied as a method to estimate the volume of liquid CO, required to effectively displace the post release solvent. The CSTR model predicts that about 8 volume exchanges is sufficient to effectively displace the methanol to a concentration below the saturation point. Experimental data indicate that about 10 exchanges are adequate for repeatable drying of complex devices, which is in reasonable agreement to the model prediction. In addition to drying devices without inducing stiction, the process must be inherently non-contaminating. Data indicate that the majority of contaminants deposited during the drying process can be attributed to contaminants originating in the post-release solvent, rather than the supercritical CO2 process. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Resnick, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4286-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4558 BP 189 EP 196 DI 10.1117/12.443011 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BT48E UT WOS:000173103600023 ER PT S AU Collins, MV Rohwer, LES Oliver, AD Hankins, MG Hirschfeld, DA AF Collins, MV Rohwer, LES Oliver, AD Hankins, MG Hirschfeld, DA BE Ramesham, R TI Optimization of anodic bonding to MEMS with self-assembled monolayer (SAM) coatings SO RELIABILITY, TESTING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS CY OCT 22-24, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE DE anodic bonding; full wafer packaging; anti-stiction coatings; Pyrex 7740; surface micromachines ID SILICON; GLASS; TEMPERATURE AB This work describes full wafer encapsulation of released, self-assembled monolayer (SAM) coated. multi-level polysilicon surface micromachines using the anodic bonding technique. This process has been utilized to protect fragile surface micromachines from damage due to particles, moisture contamination. and post-release die handling, The anodic bonding process was optimized to ensure strong glass-to-wafer bonds, while maintaining the effectiveness of liquid-phase and vapor-phase deposited SAM coatings. The temperature. time. and voltage effects on each SAM coating was analyzed. Glass-to-silicon and glass-to-SAM coated silicon had shear strengths of similar to 18 MPa, Glass-to-polysilicon bonds had lower shear strengths of similar to10 MPa. Bonds were hermetic to 5x10(-8) atm-cm(3)/s. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Collins, MV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1076, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4286-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4558 BP 234 EP 241 DI 10.1117/12.443007 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BT48E UT WOS:000173103600028 ER PT S AU Oliver, AD Tanner, DM Mani, SS Swanson, SE Helgesen, KS Smith, NF AF Oliver, AD Tanner, DM Mani, SS Swanson, SE Helgesen, KS Smith, NF BE Ramesham, R TI Parametric monitoring for the SUMMiT V (TM) surface micromachining process SO RELIABILITY, TESTING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS CY OCT 22-24, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE AB This paper reports on a set of parametric monitors for Sandia National Laboratories SUMMiT V(TM) (Sandia Ultra-planar Multi-level MEMS "i" Technology) five-level polysilicon surface micromachining process, Parametric monitors are typically used to monitor changes in the process due to either process drifts or intentional process changes. These parametric monitors are one of three types: electrical, electromechanical. or stress, In this paper we report on the design and characterization of these devices as well as how these devices are used to quantify the characteristics of the SUMMiT V(TM) process. We will demonstrate the use of these parametric devices in defining a baseline process. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP Oliver, AD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0329,1515 Eubank SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4286-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4558 BP 242 EP 253 DI 10.1117/12.443008 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BT48E UT WOS:000173103600029 ER PT S AU Walraven, JA Cole, EI Sloan, LR Hietala, S Tigges, CP Dyck, CW AF Walraven, JA Cole, EI Sloan, LR Hietala, S Tigges, CP Dyck, CW BE Ramesham, R TI Failure analysis of radio frequency (RF) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) SO RELIABILITY, TESTING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMS/MOEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS CY OCT 22-24, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP SPIE DE RF MEMS; metal contacting series switch; failure analysis; focused ion beam (FIB); scanning electron microscopy (SEM); resistive contrast imaging (RCI); thermally-induced voltage alteration (TrVA) AB MEMS are rapidly emerging as critical components in the telecommunications industry. This enabling technology is currently being implemented in a variety of product and engineering applications. MEMS are currently being used as optical switches [1] to reroute light, tunable filters [2], and mechanical resonators [3]. Radio frequency (RF) MEMS must be compatible with current Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) processing technologies for maximum integration levels. The RF MEMS switch discussed in this paper was fabricated using various layers of polyimide, silicon oxynitride (SiON), gold, and aluminum monolithically fabricated on a GaAs substrate. Fig. 1 shows a metal contacting series switch. This switch consists of gold signal lines (transmission lines), and contact metallization. SiON was deposited to form the fixed-fixed beam, and aluminum was deposited to form the top actuation electrode. To ensure product performance and reliability, RF MEMS switches are tested at both the wafer and package levels. Various processing irregularities may pass the visual inspection but fail electrical testing. This paper will focus on the failure mechanisms found in the first generation of RF MEMS developed at Sandia National Laboratories, Various tools and techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), resistive contrast imaging (RCI) [4], focused ion beam (FIB), and thermally-induced voltage alteration (TIVA) [5] have been employed to diagnose the failure mechanisms. The analysis performed using these tools and techniques led to corrective actions implemented in the next generation of RF MEMS metal contacting series switches. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Walraven, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1081, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4286-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4558 BP 254 EP 259 DI 10.1117/12.442999 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BT48E UT WOS:000173103600030 ER PT S AU Petrie, GM Tagestad, JD Steinmaus, KL Wigmosta, MS Read, CH AF Petrie, GM Tagestad, JD Steinmaus, KL Wigmosta, MS Read, CH BE Owe, M Braubaker, K Ritchie, J Rango, A TI Multidata analysis for automatic river extraction SO REMOTE SENSING AND HYDROLOGY 2000 SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Remote Sensing and Hydrology 2000 CY APR 02-07, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP Int Commiss Remote Sensing, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci DE data fusion; DEM; feature extraction; hydrology, NIMA; remote sensing; river extraction; satellite; stream; terrain analysis AB To meet demanding geospatial map generation requirements, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) is developing new tools to automatically extract critical spatial information needed to populate sophisticated global digital databases. Accurate identification, delineation, attribution, and vectorization of rivers are particularly challenging tasks given the need for global coverage, accurate positioning, and sophisticated attribution. To meet these challenges, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has been tasked by NIMA to develop computer-assisted methodologies to extract rivers using a combination of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and multisensor imagery. This multidisciplinary approach includes remote sensing, geology, meteorology, artificial intelligence, and vision technology, however, the main emphasis is on fusing methodology from image processing and hydrological modelling. The hydrological methodology is based on modelling river locations from DEM data. Satellite imagery provides direct evidence of river and lake locations and is used to complement and/or supersede locations derived from DEM. While this methodology was developed to exploit the "orthogonal" information on rivers from each dataset to meet NIMA's specialized geospatial information generation needs. this data fusion approach also has broad application to the hydrological community in general. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Petrie, GM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-46-5 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2001 IS 267 BP 427 EP 432 PG 4 WC Engineering, Civil; Remote Sensing; Water Resources SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Water Resources GA BT42U UT WOS:000172971600088 ER PT J AU Novaro, V Colman-Lerner, A Ortega, FV Jawerbaum, A Paz, D Lo Nostro, F Pustovrh, C Gimeno, MF Gonzalez, E AF Novaro, V Colman-Lerner, A Ortega, FV Jawerbaum, A Paz, D Lo Nostro, F Pustovrh, C Gimeno, MF Gonzalez, E TI Regulation of metalloproteinases by nitric oxide in human trophoblast cells in culture SO REPRODUCTION FERTILITY AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE cytotrophoblast cells; embryo implantation; nitric oxide synthase; placentation; syncytio-trophoblast cells ID MATRIX-DEGRADING METALLOPROTEINASES; MOUSE EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; IV COLLAGENASE; GROWTH-FACTOR; ARTICULAR CHONDROCYTES; CYTOTROPHOBLAST CELLS; TISSUE INHIBITORS; GENE-EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; SYNTHASE AB The process of embryo implantation requires extensive remodelling of the endometrial extracellular matrix, a function largely performed by matrix-degrading metalloproteinases (MMPs). In the present study, we used trophoblast cells isolated from human term placentas to study the regulation of MNMs by nitric oxide (NO). Using a combination of zymography, Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence, we showed that MMP-2 and MMP-9 are increased during the conversion from low-motile cytotrophoblast cells to the highly motile and differentiated syncytiotrophoblast multinucleated cells. We also observed an increase in NO production and NO synthase (NOS) expression during this cellular differentiation process. In addition, we demonstrated a positive regulatory role of NO on the activity and protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, because NO donors (NOC-18 and spermine-NONOate) or the NOS substrate (L-arginine) stimulate, whereas NOS inhibitors (N-G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and N-G-monomethyl-L-arginine) reduce the expression and gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in isolated trophoblast cells. Taken together, these results suggest that, in differentiating trophoblasts, NO regulates the induction of matrix-degrading proteases required for invasion during embryo implantation. C1 Inst Mol Sci, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Inst Nacl Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat Buenos Aires, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Ctr Estudios Farmacol & Bot, RA-1414 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Novaro, V (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 83, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Colman-Lerner, Alejandro A/0000-0002-2557-8883 NR 45 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 3 PU C S I R O PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1031-3613 J9 REPROD FERT DEVELOP JI Reprod. Fertil. Dev. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 5-6 BP 411 EP 420 DI 10.1071/RD01036 PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology; Zoology GA 506NY UT WOS:000172979700010 PM 11833938 ER PT J AU Lossack, AM Bartels, DM Roduner, E AF Lossack, AM Bartels, DM Roduner, E TI Rate constants and kinetic isotope effects in hydrogen abstractions by H from formic acid SO RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Biennial Trombay Symposium on Radiation and Photochemsitry (TSRP-2000) CY JAN 12-17, 2000 CL BHABHA ATOM RES CTR, MUMBAI, INDIA HO BHABHA ATOM RES CTR ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; RADICALS; BENZENE; STATES; WATER; ATOMS; GAS AB Competitive kinetic experiments were performed for the reactions of H atoms with HCOOH and DCOOD in aqueous solution. Excellent Arrhenius behavior is represented by log(k/M-1 s(-1)) = (11.6 +/- 0.2) - [(34.0 +/- 1.1) kJ mol(-1) /2.303RT)] for HCOOH. log(k/M-1 s(-1)) = (11.8 +/- 0.2) - [(39.8 +/- 1.2) kJ mol(-1) /2.303RT)] for DCOOD. Kinetic isotope effects are discussed in terms of transition state theory, supported by ab initio calculations, and in comparison with previous results for the abstraction from the formate ion. C1 Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys Chem, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Roduner, E (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys Chem, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU VSP BV PI ZEIST PA PO BOX 346, 3700 AH ZEIST, NETHERLANDS SN 0922-6168 J9 RES CHEM INTERMEDIAT JI Res. Chem. Intermed. PY 2001 VL 27 IS 4-5 SI SI BP 475 EP 483 DI 10.1163/156856701104202129 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 469LN UT WOS:000170817200014 ER PT S AU Gibson, JK Haire, RG AF Gibson, JK Haire, RG BE Parks, JE Young, JP TI The role of electronic excitation in chemistry of laser ablated actinide ions SO RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy and Its Applications (RIS-2000) CY OCT 08-12, 2000 CL UNIV TENNESSEE, INST RESONANCE IONIZAT SPECT, KNOXVILLE, TN SP Atom Sci Inc, UT-Battelle LLC HO UNIV TENNESSEE, INST RESONANCE IONIZAT SPECT ID GAS-PHASE CHEMISTRY; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; CYCLIC HYDROCARBONS; ALKENES; LN(+) AB Insights into the electronic structures and energetics of actinide atoms and ions are key to understanding and predicting the properties of this series of elements, which are radioactive. Many members of this series are man-made. We have studied several chemical reactions of free actinide ions (An(+)) to better understand the electronic nature of this unique group of elements and enhance the general understanding of the periodic table. This understanding enables better predictions of the character of heavy actinide and transactinide elements, where relativistic effects are expected to play an increasingly significant role. The basis for these studies along with a summary and interpretation of the key results is described, together with the first results for the shortest-lived nuclide studied to date by this technique, Bk-249. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gibson, JK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0024-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 584 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT04K UT WOS:000171763100013 ER PT S AU Chen, CHW Sammartano, LJ Isola, NR Allman, SL AF Chen, CHW Sammartano, LJ Isola, NR Allman, SL BE Parks, JE Young, JP TI Laser desorption mass spectrometry for biomolecule detection and its applications SO RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy and Its Applications (RIS-2000) CY OCT 08-12, 2000 CL UNIV TENNESSEE, INST RESONANCE IONIZAT SPECT, KNOXVILLE, TN SP Atom Sci Inc, UT-Battelle LLC HO UNIV TENNESSEE, INST RESONANCE IONIZAT SPECT ID SEQUENCING DNA; DESORPTION/IONIZATION; MUTATION; GENE AB During the past few years, we developed and used laser desorption mass spectrometry for biomolecule detections. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) was successfully used to detect DNA fragments with the size larger than 3000 base pairs. It was also successfully used to sequence DNA with both enzymatic and chemical degradation methods to produce DNA ladders. We also developed MALDI with fragmentation for direct DNA sequencing for short DNA probes. Since laser desorption mass spectrometry for DNA detection has the advantages of fast speed and no need of labeling, it has a great potential for molecular diagnosis for disease and person identification by DNA fingerprinting. We applied laser desorption mass spectrometry to succeed in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and several other nerve degenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease. We also succeeded in demonstrating DNA typing for forensic applications. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chen, CHW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Allman, Steve/A-9121-2011 OI Allman, Steve/0000-0001-6538-7048 NR 14 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0024-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 584 BP 96 EP 105 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT04K UT WOS:000171763100015 ER PT S AU Pellin, MJ Savina, MR Calaway, WF AF Pellin, MJ Savina, MR Calaway, WF BE Parks, JE Young, JP TI RIMS analysis of stardust - Trace, isotopic analysis of individual micron-sized SiC grains SO RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy and Its Applications (RIS-2000) CY OCT 08-12, 2000 CL UNIV TENNESSEE, INST RESONANCE IONIZAT SPECT, KNOXVILLE, TN SP Atom Sci Inc, UT-Battelle LLC HO UNIV TENNESSEE, INST RESONANCE IONIZAT SPECT ID SILICON-CARBIDE GRAINS; PRESOLAR GRAINS; GRAPHITE GRAINS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; METEORITES; MOLYBDENUM; ZIRCONIUM AB There exists an important class of analytical problems that requires both sensitivity and discrimination. This class is exemplified by the increasingly stringent demands of the electronic industry for unambiguous quantitative identification of trace impurities in semiconductor materials at high lateral resolution. Recently, particulate analysis, the isotopic and elemental analysis of micron-sized grains, has also begun to interest the analytical community. The difficulty in these two cases arises from the need to make the measurement before consuming the few atoms of the element of interest while discriminating against the vast excess of bulk atoms. Consider trace analysis of one ppm by weight of zirconium in a SiC spherule of 1 mum in diameter. This grain contains approximately 11,000 Zr atoms. For a terrestrial isotopic composition, half of these atoms are Zr-90 (the major isotope) while only similar to 300 atoms are in the important (as we shall see later) Zr-96 isotope. Analysis is, of course, complicated by the need to discriminate bulk species, some of which (such as Si3C) have nominally the same mass as the analyte. Why would such analyses be important? Some primitive meteorites contain presolar dust grains (such as graphite, silicon carbide, nano-diamonds, and corundum) that have survived the formation of the solar system. It is generally believed that these grains condensed in stellar outflows before being incorporated into meteoritic material of our solar system, and that the elemental and isotopic compositions of these grains preserve a nucleosynthetic record of their parent star. Measurements of the elemental composition and isotopic anomalies in these grains provide information both about stellar nucleosynthesis and about the conditions during circumstellar grain formation. The former can be inferred from the isotopic patterns of heavy element trace impurities such as Mo, Zr, and Sr that, although present at levels of only a few thousand atoms, have been measured for the first time using resonant ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS). Currently, isotopic analyses of such grains using the CHARISMA apparatus at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) are revealing new and important information for the first time about the material that condensed to form our solar system. Grains consistent with formation around thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, such as our sun, make up the majority of grains studied to date. However, more recently several grains have been identified, which are believed to be of supernovae origin. Since each grain represents a unique stellar source, complete elemental and isotopic analysis must be performed on individual grains - no averaging is possible. Only with the power of RIMS are such analyses possible. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pellin, MJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0024-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 584 BP 112 EP 122 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT04K UT WOS:000171763100017 ER PT S AU Barnes, MD Mehta, A Thundat, T Bhargava, R AF Barnes, MD Mehta, A Thundat, T Bhargava, R BE Parks, JE Young, JP TI Probing single ion luminescence in rare-earth doped nanocrystals SO RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy and Its Applications (RIS-2000) CY OCT 08-12, 2000 CL UNIV TENNESSEE, INST RESONANCE IONIZAT SPECT, KNOXVILLE, TN SP Atom Sci Inc, UT-Battelle LLC HO UNIV TENNESSEE, INST RESONANCE IONIZAT SPECT ID MOLECULES AB Recently there has been a great deal of attention focused on rare-earth doped nanocrystals (DNCs) as a new class of luminescent nanomaterials with novel and tunable optical properties. Such species have properties that make them attractive candidates for biological tags such as narrow spectral width and very high photochemical stability. However, the transitions that give rise to visible luminescence of rare-earth ions are nominally forbidden making luminescence from single ions very difficult to detect. In our experiments, single europium and terbium ions in isolated yttrium oxide nanocrystals (2 -15 nm diam.) were probed using time-resolved fluorescence microscopy techniques. In contrast with luminescence from larger crystals containing several ions, small particles believed to contain single ions show fascinating on-off behavior on a variable time scale as well as multiple discrete luminescence intensity levels. The latter behavior suggests interesting application in optical data storage. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barnes, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0024-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 584 BP 182 EP 186 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT04K UT WOS:000171763100027 ER PT S AU Golovlev, VV Miller, JC Romer, G Messier, P AF Golovlev, VV Miller, JC Romer, G Messier, P BE Parks, JE Young, JP TI Laser analysis and restoration of nineteenth century daguerreotypes SO RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy and Its Applications (RIS-2000) CY OCT 08-12, 2000 CL UNIV TENNESSEE, INST RESONANCE IONIZAT SPECT, KNOXVILLE, TN SP Atom Sci Inc, UT-Battelle LLC HO UNIV TENNESSEE, INST RESONANCE IONIZAT SPECT ID CONSERVATION AB Laser ablation mass spectrometry and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy have been used to characterize both modem and 150 year old daguerreotypes. Such investigations are a necessary prelude to attempts to clean them of tarnish by laser ablation. A demonstration of the successful cleaning of a damaged daguerreotype is presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0024-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 584 BP 208 EP 212 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT04K UT WOS:000171763100031 ER PT S AU Young, JP Shaw, RW Tkalya, E AF Young, JP Shaw, RW Tkalya, E BE Parks, JE Young, JP TI A nuclear transition in the optical range: Search for the 3.5 eV gamma emission from thorium-229m SO RESONANCE IONIZATION SPECTROSCOPY 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy and Its Applications (RIS-2000) CY OCT 08-12, 2000 CL UNIV TENNESSEE, INST RESONANCE IONIZAT SPECT, KNOXVILLE, TN SP Atom Sci Inc, UT-Battelle LLC HO UNIV TENNESSEE, INST RESONANCE IONIZAT SPECT ID TH-229 ISOMER; DECAY; STATE AB The reported photon emission from relaxation of the 3.5 eV excited nuclear state of Th-229 (1,2) has been proven to be incorrect (3-6). The status of current experiments to determine the energy of this nuclear isomeric state is described, and plans for a more direct excitation of the state are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Young, JP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008,MS 6142, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 0-7354-0024-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 584 BP 225 EP 231 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BT04K UT WOS:000171763100034 ER PT B AU Aufderheide, MB Slone, DM von Wittenau, AES AF Aufderheide, MB Slone, DM von Wittenau, AES BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI HADES, a radiographic simulation code SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 20A AND 20B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL IOWA STATE UNIV, AMES, IA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, FAA, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn HO IOWA STATE UNIV AB We describe features of the HADES radiographic simulation code. We begin with a discussion of why it is useful to simulate transmission radiography. The capabilities of HADES are described, followed by an application of HADES to a dynamic experiment recently performed at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. We describe quantitative comparisons between experimental data and HADES simulations using a copper step wedge. We conclude with a short discussion of future work planned for HADES. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Aufderheide, MB (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 1-56396-988-2 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2001 VL 557 BP 507 EP 513 PN A&B PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT38Q UT WOS:000172833800066 ER PT B AU Martz, HE Aufderheide, MB Hall, J von Wittenau, AS Goodman, D Logan, C Jackson, J Slone, D AF Martz, HE Aufderheide, MB Hall, J von Wittenau, AS Goodman, D Logan, C Jackson, J Slone, D BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI HADES-CCG, a new tomographic reconstruction tool SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 20A AND 20B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL IOWA STATE UNIV, AMES, IA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, FAA, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn HO IOWA STATE UNIV AB We have developed a new tomography code, HADES-CCG. This code uses HADES, a radiographic simulation code, to perform forward- and back-projection and is coupled to a Constrained Conjugate Gradient (CCG) optimizer. An iterative solution to the reconstruction problem is found which is optimal. given the detector noise model, a source model and the appropriate attenuation cross-sections. By explicitly including experimental effects in forward- and back-projection, these effects are not folded back into the object model. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Martz, HE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 1-56396-988-2 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2001 VL 557 BP 724 EP 731 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT38Q UT WOS:000172833800094 ER PT B AU Quarry, MJ Rose, JL AF Quarry, MJ Rose, JL BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Phase velocity spectrum analysis for a time delay comb transducer for guided wave mode excitation SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 20A AND 20B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL IOWA STATE UNIV, AMES, IA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, FAA, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn HO IOWA STATE UNIV ID SCATTERING AB A theoretical model for the analysis of ultrasonic guided wave mode excitation of a comb transducer with time delay features was developed. Time delay characteristics are included via a Fourier transform into the frequency domain. The phase velocity spectrum can be used to determine the mode excitation on the phase velocity dispersion curves for a given structure. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate the tuning of guided wave modes using a time delay comb transducer. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Quarry, MJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 1-56396-988-2 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2001 VL 557 BP 861 EP 868 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT38Q UT WOS:000172833800111 ER PT B AU TenCate, JA AF TenCate, JA BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI New nonlinear acoustic techniques for NDE SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 20A AND 20B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL IOWA STATE UNIV, AMES, IA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, FAA, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn HO IOWA STATE UNIV ID BEREA SANDSTONE; SLOW DYNAMICS; PROPAGATION AB Acoustic nonlinearity in a medium may occur as a result of a variety of mechanisms. Some of the more common nonlinear effects may come from: (1) one or several cracks, volumetrically distributed due to age or fatigue or single disbonds or delaminations; (2) imperfect grain-to-grain contacts, e.g., materials like concretes that are "cemented" together and have less than perfect bonds; (3) hard parts in a "soft" matrix, e.g., extreme duty materials like tungsten/copper alloys; or (4) atomic-scale nonlinearities. Nonlinear effects that arise from the first two mechanisms are considerably larger than the last two; thus, we have focused considerable attention on these. The most pervasive nonlinear measure of damage today is a second harmonic measurement. We show that for many cases of interest to NDE, a second harmonic measurement may not be the best choice. We examine the manifestations of nonlinearity in (nonlinear) materials with cracks and/or imperfect bonds and illustrate their applicability to NDE. For example, nonlinear resonance frequency shifts measured at increasing drive levels correlate strongly with the amount of ASR (alkali-silica reaction) damage of concrete cores. Memory effects (slow dynamics) also seem to correlate with the amount of damage. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Seism Res Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP TenCate, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Seism Res Ctr, EES-4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 1-56396-988-2 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2001 VL 557 BP 1229 EP 1235 PN A&B PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT38Q UT WOS:000172833800159 ER PT B AU Hurley, DH AF Hurley, DH BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Probing acoustic nonlinearity by mixing surface acoustic waves SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 20A AND 20B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL IOWA STATE UNIV, AMES, IA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, FAA, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn HO IOWA STATE UNIV ID HARMONIC-GENERATION AB Measurement methods aimed at determining material properties through nonlinear wave propagation are sensitive to artifacts caused by background nonlinearities inherent in the ultrasonic generation and detection methods. The focus of this paper is to describe our investigation of nonlinear mixing of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) as a means to decrease sensitivity to background nonlinearity and increase spatial sensitivity to acoustic nonlinearity induced by material microstructure. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Hurley, DH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 1-56396-988-2 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2001 VL 557 BP 1236 EP 1241 PN A&B PG 6 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT38Q UT WOS:000172833800160 ER PT B AU Barnard, DJ McKenna, MJ Foley, JC AF Barnard, DJ McKenna, MJ Foley, JC BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Absolute displacement calibration techniques for commercial superheterodyne receivers SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 20A AND 20B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL IOWA STATE UNIV, AMES, IA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, FAA, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn HO IOWA STATE UNIV AB Superheterodyne receivers are of particular interest for the study of nonlinear effects in materials, but a lack of absolute displacement calibration techniques has allowed only relative measurements on material nonlinearities with the equipment. This work demonstrates that existing broadband calibration techniques may be applied to commercial superheterodyne systems with only slight changes to data processing schemes, enabling determination of absolute displacements of ultrasonic signals and calculation of material constants such as the nonlinearity parameter, beta. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Barnard, DJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 1-56396-988-2 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2001 VL 557 BP 1290 EP 1297 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT38Q UT WOS:000172833800168 ER PT B AU Panetta, PD Alers, GA AF Panetta, PD Alers, GA BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Characterization of plastically deformed steel utilizing ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurements SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 20A AND 20B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL IOWA STATE UNIV, AMES, IA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, FAA, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn HO IOWA STATE UNIV AB There is a desire to detect plastically deformed regions in structures to monitor their integrity. The ultimate goal of this work is to develop an ultrasonic technique that can, serve as a tool to detect and characterize plastically deformed regions in large structures. It is well known that the velocity and attenuation coefficient of propagating ultrasonic waves are sensitive to plastic deformation. Therefore, we have measured the velocity and attenuation in a steel specimen which contains a localized region that has undergone a 20% plastic strain. By measuring the birefringence (the time difference between the fast and slow shear waves), the orientation of the principle symmetry axes and the nature of any texture was determined. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Panetta, PD (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 1-56396-988-2 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2001 VL 557 BP 1494 EP 1500 PN A&B PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT38Q UT WOS:000172833800195 ER PT B AU Rehbein, DK Foley, JC AF Rehbein, DK Foley, JC BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI In-situ evaluation of watering process kinetics and quality using ultrasound SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 20A AND 20B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL IOWA STATE UNIV, AMES, IA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, FAA, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn HO IOWA STATE UNIV AB Considerable attention has been given to the use of nondestructive evaluation techniques to reduce the costs associated with the manufacture of powder metal (P/M) components as well a's assuring the quality of such components. Work at the Ames Laboratory has focused on use of a high temperature Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) system to monitor the progress of sintering in P/M components as well as predict the strength after sintering. Investigations on several aluminum based alloy and metal matrix composite (MMC) systems have demonstrated the capability of monitoring the progress of sintering as well as predicting the strength of the final product. Direct observation of the presence of the liquid phase during transient liquid phase sintering has been demonstrated. Examples will be shown demonstrating the correlation of the high temperature UT echo amplitude with strength as well as changes in sintering kinetics with variation in the amount of ceramic in an MMC system. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Rehbein, DK (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, 211A Met Dev, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI 苏, 日亮/D-4386-2009 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 1-56396-988-2 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2001 VL 557 BP 1525 EP 1532 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT38Q UT WOS:000172833800199 ER PT B AU Lee, SJ Zhu, B Lo, CCH Clatterbuck, DM Jiles, DC AF Lee, SJ Zhu, B Lo, CCH Clatterbuck, DM Jiles, DC BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Derivation of a non-linear ABBM model for the calculation of Barkhausen effect SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 20A AND 20B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL IOWA STATE UNIV, AMES, IA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, FAA, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn HO IOWA STATE UNIV ID FERROMAGNETIC HYSTERESIS AB The Alessandro, Beatrice, Bertotti, and Montorsi (ABBM) model can describe the dynamics of domain wall motion in a ferromagnetic material which is subjected to a smoothly varying external magnetic field. The assumptions of this model limit its use to experiments where the differential permeability and time derivative of applied field are constant. In this paper, the non-linear permeability of the sample is incorporated into the ABBM model by extracting the differential permeability at different points on the B,H plane from the Jiles-Atherton (J-A) hysteresis model. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lee, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 1-56396-988-2 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2001 VL 557 BP 1717 EP 1723 PN A&B PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT38Q UT WOS:000172833800225 ER PT B AU Gopalsami, N Chien, HT Goldberger, WM AF Gopalsami, N Chien, HT Goldberger, WM BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI Nonintrusive ultrasonic sensor for monitoring and control of electroconsolidation process SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 20A AND 20B SE REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 16-20, 2000 CL IOWA STATE UNIV, AMES, IA SP Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, FAA, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, NASA, Natl Sci Fdn HO IOWA STATE UNIV AB Electroconsolidation((R)) is a proprietary process for rapid pressure-assisted densification of complex-shaped parts made from powder preforms. The resistive heating used in this method allows extremely high temperatures to be generated rapidly. This paper describes an ultrasonic pitch-catch technique for nonintrusive measurement of temperature within the die cell; this technique can be used for precise control of densification and sintering of parts. Results of ultrasonic data for heating trials conducted at up to 2000 degreesC indicate that average axial temperature in the die can be predicted within 3%. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Gopalsami, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA BN 1-56396-988-2 J9 REV PROG Q PY 2001 VL 557 BP 1779 EP 1786 PN A&B PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Acoustics; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BT38Q UT WOS:000172833800233 ER PT J AU Whittum, DH Tantawi, SG AF Whittum, DH Tantawi, SG TI Switched matrix accelerator SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LINEAR COLLIDER AB We describe a new concept for a microwave circuit functioning as a charged-particle accelerator at mm wavelengths, permitting an accelerating gradient higher than conventional passive circuits can withstand consistent with cyclic fatigue. The device provides acceleration for multiple bunches in parallel channels, and permits a short exposure time for the conducting surface of the accelerating cavities. Our analysis includes scalings based on a smooth transmission line model and a complementary treatment with a coupled-cavity simulation. We also provide an electromagnetic design for the accelerating structure, arriving at rough dimensions for a seven-cell accelerator matched to standard waveguide and suitable for bench tests at low power in air at 91.392 GHz. A critical element in the concept is a fast mm-wave switch suitable for operation at high power, and we present the considerations for implementation in an H-plane tee. We discuss the use of diamond as the photoconductor switch medium. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Whittum, DH (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 73 EP 91 DI 10.1063/1.1331323 PN 1 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387RR UT WOS:000166136100010 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Bailey, K Li, YM O'Connor, TP Lu, ZT Du, X Young, L Winkler, G AF Chen, CY Bailey, K Li, YM O'Connor, TP Lu, ZT Du, X Young, L Winkler, G TI Beam of metastable krypton atoms extracted from a rf-driven discharge SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID HELIUM-ATOMS AB A rf-driven discharge is used to produce a beam of metastable krypton atoms at the 5s(3/2)(2) level with an angular flux density of 4x10(14) s(-1) sr(-1) and most probable velocity of 290 m/s, while consuming 7x10(16) krypton atoms/s. When operated in a gas-recirculation mode, the source consumes 2x10(15) krypton atoms/s with the same atomic-beam output. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Isotope Res & Nucl Phys, Vienna, Austria. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 271 EP 272 DI 10.1063/1.1328400 PN 1 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387RR UT WOS:000166136100041 ER PT J AU Combs, SK Griffith, AE Foust, CR AF Combs, SK Griffith, AE Foust, CR TI Speed limit of frozen pellets (H-2, D-2, and Ne) through single-loop and multiloop tubes and implications for fusion plasma research SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-FIELD-SIDE; INJECTION TECHNOLOGY AB Frozen pellets (H-2, D-2, and Ne at 8 K) of nominal 2.7 mm diam were shot through a coiled tube (single loop of approximate to0.6 m diam and 8.5 mm bore), and the speed limit for survival was recorded for each pellet type. Intact H-2 pellets were observed at speeds approaching 500 m/s; but neon pellets could not survive much more than 100 m/s. The speed limit for D-2 pellets fell in the middle at approximate to 300 m/s. Some D-2 pellets were also shot through a 30 m coiled tube consisting of 11 loops (average loop diameter of approximate to0.8 m), and a speed limit of approximate to 100 m/s was observed. Injection of frozen H-2 or D-2 pellets is commonly used for core fueling of magnetically confined plasmas, and frozen neon pellets are sometimes used for impurity transport studies in similar experiments. The results from these tests add to a pellet database for injection lines with single- and complex multiple-curved guide tubes. All of the information to date suggests that frozen pellets can be delivered reliably from a pellet source to any accessible plasma location on a fusion device via "roller-coaster" tubes as long as the pellet speed is maintained below a threshold limit. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Combs, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 273 EP 274 DI 10.1063/1.1331322 PN 1 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387RR UT WOS:000166136100042 ER PT J AU Taylor, G Efthimion, P Jones, B Munsat, T Spaleta, J Hosea, J Kaita, R Majeski, R Menard, J AF Taylor, G Efthimion, P Jones, B Munsat, T Spaleta, J Hosea, J Kaita, R Majeski, R Menard, J TI Electron Bernstein wave electron temperature profile diagnostic (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID CYCLOTRON EMISSION; PLASMA AB Electron cyclotron emission (ECE) has been employed as a standard electron temperature profile diagnostic on many tokamaks and stellarators, but most magnetically confined plasma devices cannot take advantage of standard ECE diagnostics to measure temperature. They are either "overdense," operating at high density relative to the magnetic field (e.g., omega (pe) much greater than Omega (ce) in a spherical torus) or they have insufficient density and temperature to reach the blackbody condition (tau >2). Electron Bernstein waves (EBWs) are electrostatic waves that can propagate in overdense plasmas and have a high optical thickness at the electron cyclotron resonance layers as a result of their large k(perp). In this article we report on measurements of EBW emission on the CDX-U spherical torus, where B-0 similar to 2 kG, [n(e)] similar to 10(13) cm(-3) and T-e approximate to 10-200 eV. Results are presented for electromagnetic measurements of EBW emission, mode converted near the plasma edge. The EBW emission was absolutely calibrated and compared to the electron temperature profile measured by a multipoint Thomson scattering diagnostic. Depending on the plasma conditions, the mode-converted EBW radiation temperature was found to be less than or equal to T-e and the emission source was determined to be radially localized at the electron cyclotron resonance layer. A Langmuir triple probe and a 140 GHz interferometer were employed to measure changes in the edge density profile in the vicinity of the upper hybrid resonance where the mode conversion of the EBWs is expected to occur. Initial results suggest EBW emission and EBW heating are viable concepts for plasmas where omega (pe) much greater than Omega (ce). (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Taylor, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. OI Menard, Jonathan/0000-0003-1292-3286 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1063/1.1308995 PN 2 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600002 ER PT J AU Lin, Y Irby, JH Nazikian, R Marmar, ES Mazurenko, A AF Lin, Y Irby, JH Nazikian, R Marmar, ES Mazurenko, A TI Two-dimensional full-wave simulation of microwave reflectometry on Alcator C-Mod SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID FLUCTUATION MEASUREMENTS; TURBULENT FLUCTUATIONS; PLASMAS; PROFILE AB A new two-dimensional full-wave code has been developed to simulate ordinary (O) mode reflectometry signals caused by plasma density fluctuations. The code uses the finite-difference time-domain method with a perfectly matched layer absorption boundary to solve Maxwell's equations. Huygens wave sources are incorporated to generate Gaussian beams. The code has been used to simulate the reflectometer measurement of the quasicoherent mode (60-250 kHz) associated with enhanced D-alpha (EDA) H modes in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. It is found that an analysis of the realistic experimental layout is essential for the quantitative interpretation of the mode amplitude. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lin, Y (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Lin, Yijun/B-5711-2009 NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 344 EP 347 DI 10.1063/1.1323249 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600015 ER PT J AU Kubota, S Nguyen, XV Peebles, WA Zeng, L Doyle, EJ Roquemore, AL AF Kubota, S Nguyen, XV Peebles, WA Zeng, L Doyle, EJ Roquemore, AL TI Millimeter-wave reflectometry for electron density profile and fluctuation measurements on NSTX SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID SPHERICAL-TORUS-EXPERIMENT; DIII-D TOKAMAK; SYSTEM AB A millimeter-wave reflectometry system for electron density profile and fluctuation measurements is being developed and installed on the National Spherical Torus Experiment. The initial frequency coverage will be in the bands 12-18, 20-32, and 33-50 GHz, provided by frequency-tunable solid-state sources. These frequencies correspond to O-mode cutoff densities ranging from 1.8 x 10(12) to 3.1 x 10(13) cm(-3), which will span both the plasma core (rho = r/a < 0.8) and edge (rho >0.8) regions. Operated as a broadband swept-frequency (frequency-modulated continuous-wave) reflectometer, the diagnostic is expected to provide routine (shot-to-shot) time- (less than or equal to 50 mus) and spatially resolved (similar to1 cm) density profiles. The previous hardware can be easily reconfigured as a fixed-frequency reflectometer for density fluctuation measurements. The combination of measurements would be valuable for studying phenomena such as possible L- to H-mode transitions and edge-localized modes. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Plasma & Fus Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kubota, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Plasma & Fus Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 348 EP 351 DI 10.1063/1.1329657 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600016 ER PT J AU Rudakov, DL Boedo, JA Moyer, RA Lehmer, RD Gunner, G Watkins, JG AF Rudakov, DL Boedo, JA Moyer, RA Lehmer, RD Gunner, G Watkins, JG TI Fast electron temperature diagnostic based on Langmuir probe current harmonic detection on DIII-D SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID FLUCTUATIONS; PLASMA; TOKAMAK; TRANSPORT AB A method for the measurement of electron temperature with high spatial and temporal resolution was recently implemented on a fast reciprocating probe on the DIII-D tokamak. The technique, previously used on the Torus Experiment for Technology Oriented Research, is based on detection of harmonics generated in the current spectrum of a single Langmuir probe driven by high-frequency sinusoidal voltage. The method was implemented on DIII-D with a drive frequency of 400 kHz and with improvements such as fully digital processing and active voltage feedback, thus allowing temperature measurements with a bandwidth of up to 200 kHz. Probe voltage and current were recorded at the sampling rate of 5 MHz and the amplitudes of the first (400 kHz) and the second (800 kHz) current harmonics were extracted by digital filtering. Digital processing does not introduce any phase delays (as analog detection does), making the technique suitable for correlation measurements. Electron temperatures obtained from the harmonic diagnostic are in reasonable agreement with swept double probe and Thomson scattering data. First measurements of the conductive turbulent heat flux in DIII-D have been performed. The measured values of the heat flux are consistent with the power balance. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Jacobs Sch Engn, Fus Energy Res Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rudakov, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Jacobs Sch Engn, Fus Energy Res Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Rudakov, Dmitry/K-2834-2012 NR 18 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 453 EP 456 DI 10.1063/1.1310577 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600043 ER PT J AU Medina, F Pedrosa, MA Ochando, MA Rodriguez, L Hidalgo, C Fraguas, AL Carreras, BA AF Medina, F Pedrosa, MA Ochando, MA Rodriguez, L Hidalgo, C Fraguas, AL Carreras, BA CA TJ-II Team TI Filamentary current detection in stellarator plasmas SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID TRANSPORT AB In this work we present the experimental setup, combining edge, and x-ray diagnostics, used to localize the currents generated by fast electrons confined near the plasma periphery in TJ-II plasmas. The method is similar to that used for the experimental determination of the magnetic field mapping in stellarators, just intercepting the trajectories of test electrons. The fact that stellarators can keep magnetic structures "frozen" in vacuum during the field plateau enables the detection of local currents near the plasma periphery in the TJ-II stellarator. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 CIEMAT, Asociac EURATOM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP CIEMAT, Asociac EURATOM, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM pmyela@cimat.es RI Lopez-Fraguas, Antonio/L-8104-2014; Hidalgo, Carlos/H-6109-2015 OI Lopez-Fraguas, Antonio/0000-0002-0277-8137; NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 471 EP 474 DI 10.1063/1.1310579 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600047 ER PT J AU Sudo, S Nagayama, Y Emoto, M Goto, M Hamada, Y Ida, K Ido, T Iguchi, H Inagaki, S Isobe, M Kawahata, K Khlopenkov, K Masuzaki, S Minami, T Morita, S Muto, S Nakanishi, H Narihara, K Nishizawa, A Ohdachi, S Osakabe, M Ozaki, T Peterson, BJ Sakakibara, S Sasao, M Sato, K Shoji, M Tanaka, K Toi, K Tokuzawa, T Watanabe, K Watanabe, T Yamada, I Ashikawa, N Kobuchi, T Liang, Y Tamura, N Sasao, H Ejiri, A Okajima, S Mase, A Tsuji-Iio, S Akiyama, T Zanza, V Bracco, G Sibio, A Tilia, B Krasilnikov, AV Lyon, JF Vyacheslavov, LN Wurden, GA AF Sudo, S Nagayama, Y Emoto, M Goto, M Hamada, Y Ida, K Ido, T Iguchi, H Inagaki, S Isobe, M Kawahata, K Khlopenkov, K Masuzaki, S Minami, T Morita, S Muto, S Nakanishi, H Narihara, K Nishizawa, A Ohdachi, S Osakabe, M Ozaki, T Peterson, BJ Sakakibara, S Sasao, M Sato, K Shoji, M Tanaka, K Toi, K Tokuzawa, T Watanabe, K Watanabe, T Yamada, I Ashikawa, N Kobuchi, T Liang, Y Tamura, N Sasao, H Ejiri, A Okajima, S Mase, A Tsuji-Iio, S Akiyama, T Zanza, V Bracco, G Sibio, A Tilia, B Krasilnikov, AV Lyon, JF Vyacheslavov, LN Wurden, GA CA LHD Team TI Overview of large helical device diagnostics (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID DATA-ACQUISITION; INTERFEROMETER; DESIGN; LHD AB The Large Helical Device (LHD) is the largest helical machine with superconducting coils. Key diagnostics issues for LHD are: (a) capability for multidimensional measurements because of the nonaxisymmetric toroidal plasma; (b) measurements of the electric field; (c) cross check of fundamental parameters using different methods; (d) advanced measurements appropriate for steady-state operation; and (e) a satisfactory data acquisition system. The design and research and development of plasma diagnostics were carried out taking these issues into consideration. As a result, the present status of diagnostics is described: diagnostics for LHD operation, fundamental diagnostics for plasma performance, diagnostics for physics subjects, innovative diagnostics and diagnostics for long-pulse operation. The LHD experiment started in March, 1998. Since then, the development of diagnostics has kept pace with the experimental campaigns. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Hayama 2400193, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Chubu Univ, Kasugai, Aichi 4878501, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Kasuga, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528550, Japan. ENEA Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Troitsk Inst Innovat & Fus Res, IRINITI, Troitsk 142092, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sudo, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. RI Sakakibara, Satoru/E-7542-2013; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ida, Katsumi/E-4731-2016; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017; OI Sakakibara, Satoru/0000-0002-3306-0531; Ida, Katsumi/0000-0002-0585-4561; Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484; Vyacheslavov, Leonid/0000-0002-5461-402X NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 483 EP 491 DI 10.1063/1.1310581 PN 2 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600049 ER PT J AU Bell, P Lee, D Wootton, A Mascio, B Kimbrough, J Sewall, N Hibbard, W Dohoney, P Landon, M Christianson, G Celeste, J Chael, J AF Bell, P Lee, D Wootton, A Mascio, B Kimbrough, J Sewall, N Hibbard, W Dohoney, P Landon, M Christianson, G Celeste, J Chael, J TI Target area and diagnostic interface issues on the National Ignition Facility (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is under construction at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for the DOE Stockpile Stewardship Program. It will be used for experiments for inertial confinement fusion ignition, high energy density science, and basic science. Many interface issues confront the experimentalist who wishes to design, fabricate, and install diagnostics, and to help this process, a set of standards and guideline documents is being prepared. Compliance with these will be part of a formal diagnostic design review process. In this article we provide a short description of each, with reference to more complete documentation. The complete documentation will also be available through the NIF Diagnostics web page. Target area interface issues are grouped into three categories. First are the layout and utility interface issues which include the safety analysis report, target area facility layout; target chamber port locations; diagnostic interferences and envelopes; utilities and cable tray distribution; and timing and fiducial systems. Second are the environment interface issues which include radiation electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic pulse effects and mitigation; electrical grounding, shielding, and isolation; and cleanliness and vacuum guidelines. Third are the operational interface issues which include manipulator based target diagnostics, diagnostic alignment, shot life cycle and setup, diagnostic controllers; integrated computer control system; shot data archival; classified operations; and remote operations. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bell, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 492 EP 498 DI 10.1063/1.1310582 PN 2 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600050 ER PT J AU Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Hildebrandt, L Wong, KL Ali, R AF Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Hildebrandt, L Wong, KL Ali, R TI Multiparameter data acquisition system for spectroscopy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID BEAM ION-TRAP; TRIPLE-COINCIDENCE; ELECTRON; COLLISIONS AB A powerful and versatile, simple to use multiparameter data acquisition system has been implemented for use in spectroscopy. In its standard configuration, the system can acquire signal from 16 time-to-digital converter channels, 16 analog-to-digital converter channels, and 12 scaler inputs. The system was put to use on the electron beam ion trap experiment to record the output from four position-sensitive proportional counters in two soft x-ray spectrometers together with the signal from an x-ray pulse height analyzer. Also recorded are the electron beam energy and the pulse height distribution of the proportional counters. All data are recorded as a function of time. Because the relevant parameters are recorded simultaneously, software gates instead of hardware gates are used to select the data of interest. This has led to a substantial cost saving over earlier data acquisition systems. Data are stored in binary or in ascii format for system-independent processing. The operation of the system is demonstrated in a measurement of the M-shell soft x-ray spectrum of gold. We used the system to record the 3-4 and 3-5 transitions of gold (Au44+-Au51+) excited with a simulated Maxwellian with electron temperature of 2.5 keV. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Tech Fachhsch Berlin, Berlin, Germany. RP Beiersdorfer, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Temp & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Ali, Rami/B-8198-2015 OI Ali, Rami/0000-0002-5273-882X NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 508 EP 512 DI 10.1063/1.1310584 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600053 ER PT J AU Kyrala, GA Schappert, GT Evans, SC AF Kyrala, GA Schappert, GT Evans, SC TI Effect of film development on uniformity and modulation transfer function of the gated/fast x-ray imagers data SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID HIGH-SPEED; CAMERAS AB We have been investigating the different phenomena that affect the modulation transfer function response of the gated x-ray imagers and fast x-ray imagers that we use to record subnanosecond x-ray images at different laser facilities. As part of that investigation, we noticed that there is definite nonuniformity to the recorded images, even when the incident radiation was uniform. After a significant effort to track down that effect we found that the automatic developing processors, which process the film along the length of the roll, cause the effect. Manual development, which depends primarily on transverse agitation in the developer, and automatic processors that do not use a feed mechanism but emulate this agitation, do not introduce such artifacts. We recommend that for absolutely critical missions, such as target symmetry measurements, certain automatic machines should not be used. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kyrala, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Box 1663,P-24,MS E-526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 521 EP 524 DI 10.1063/1.1310585 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600056 ER PT J AU Hibbard, WJ Landon, MD Vergino, MD Lee, FD Chael, JA AF Hibbard, WJ Landon, MD Vergino, MD Lee, FD Chael, JA TI Design of the National Ignition Facility diagnostic instrument manipulator SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci AB The diagnostic instrument manipulator (DIM) provides a diagnostic platform to insert and retract a variety of instruments into and out of the National Ignition Facility target chamber. The DIM is a two-stage telescoping system, designed to fit on any of the DIM designated diagnostic ports on the target chamber, and will provide precision radial positioning, pointing, and alignment-to-target capability. The DIM provides a standard set of utilities, and cables to support the operation of instruments that require insertion into the target chamber. The DIM provides for positioning of diagnostic packages, and enables exchange of manipulator diagnostics between fusion laboratories. Principal design requirements for the DIM are presented. A half-length prototype of the DIM was designed and fabricated by Atomic Weapons Establishment in England and is being tested at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The results of this testing are presented. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hibbard, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 3 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 530 EP 532 DI 10.1063/1.1316758 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600058 ER PT J AU Kugel, HW Loesser, D Roquemore, AL Menon, MM Barry, RE AF Kugel, HW Loesser, D Roquemore, AL Menon, MM Barry, RE TI Precision metrology of NSTX surfaces using coherent laser radar ranging SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci AB A frequency modulated Coherent Laser Radar ranging diagnostic is being used on the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) for precision metrology. The distance (range) between the 1.5 mum laser source and the target is measured by the shift in frequency of the linearly modulated beam reflected off the target. The range can be measured to a precision of < 100 mum at distances of up to 22 m. A description is given of the geometry and procedure for measuring NSTX interior and exterior surfaces during open vessel conditions, and the results of measurements are elaborated. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kugel, HW (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 533 EP 536 DI 10.1063/1.1310586 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600059 ER PT J AU Miller, MC Celeste, JR Stoyer, MA Suter, LJ Tobin, MT Grun, J Davis, JF Barnes, CW Wilson, DC AF Miller, MC Celeste, JR Stoyer, MA Suter, LJ Tobin, MT Grun, J Davis, JF Barnes, CW Wilson, DC TI Debris characterization diagnostic for the NIF SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci AB Generation of debris from targets and by x-ray ablation of surrounding materials will be a matter of concern for experimenters and National Ignition Facility (NIF) operations. Target chamber and final optics protection, for example debris shield damage, drive the interest for NIF operations. Experimenters are primarily concerned with diagnostic survivability, separation of mechanical versus radiation induced test object response in the case of effects tests, and radiation transport through the debris field when the net radiation output is used to benchmark computer codes. In addition, radiochemical analysis of activated capsule debris during ignition shots can provide a measure of the ablator [rhor]. Conceptual design of the Debris Monitor and Rad-Chem Station, one of the NIF core diagnostics, is presented. Methods of debris collection, particle size and mass analysis, impulse measurement, and radiochemical analysis are given. A description of recent experiments involving debris collection and impulse measurement on the OMEGA and Pharos lasers is also provided. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Alme & Associates, Alexandria, VA 22303 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miller, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 537 EP 539 DI 10.1063/1.1310587 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600060 ER PT J AU Wurden, GA Intrator, TP Clark, DA Maqueda, RJ Taccetti, JM Wysocki, FJ Coffey, SK Degnan, JH Ruden, EL AF Wurden, GA Intrator, TP Clark, DA Maqueda, RJ Taccetti, JM Wysocki, FJ Coffey, SK Degnan, JH Ruden, EL TI Diagnostics for a magnetized target fusion experiment SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID PLASMA AB We are planning experiments using a field reversed configuration plasma injected into a metal cylinder, which is subsequently electrically imploded to achieve a fusing plasma. Diagnosing this plasma is quite challenging due to the short timescales, high energy densities, high magnetic fields, and difficult access. We outline our diagnostic sets in both a phase I study (where the plasma will be formed and translated), and phase II study (where the plasma will be imploded). The precompression plasma (diameter of only 8-10 cm, length of 30-40 cm) is expected to have n similar to 10(17) cm(-3), T similar to 100-300 eV, B similar to 5 T, and a lifetime of 10-20 mus. We will use visible laser interferometry across the plasma, along with a series of fiber-optically coupled visible light monitors to determine the plasma density and position. Excluded flux loops will be placed outside the quartz tube of the formation region, but inside of the diameter of the theta -pinch formation coils. Impurity emission in the visible and extreme ultraviolet range will be monitored spectroscopically, and fast bolometers will measure the total radiated power. A 20 J Thomson scattering laser beam will be introduced in the axial direction, and scattered light (from multiple spatial points) will be collected from the sides. Neutron diagnostics (activation and time-resolved scintillation detectors) will be fielded during both phases of the DD experiments. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Wurden, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 552 EP 555 DI 10.1063/1.1310589 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600063 ER PT J AU McLean, HS Ahmed, A Buchenauer, D Den Hartog, D Domier, CW Hill, DN Holcomb, C Hooper, EB Morse, EC Nagata, M Roh, Y Stallard, B Wood, RD Woodruff, S Wurden, G Wang, Z AF McLean, HS Ahmed, A Buchenauer, D Den Hartog, D Domier, CW Hill, DN Holcomb, C Hooper, EB Morse, EC Nagata, M Roh, Y Stallard, B Wood, RD Woodruff, S Wurden, G Wang, Z CA SSPX Team TI Plasma diagnostics for the sustained spheromak physics experiment SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID SPHEX SPHEROMAK; RELAXATION; HELICITY; REFLECTOMETRY; SPECTROMETER; OPERATION; DESIGN AB In this article we present an overview of the plasma diagnostics operating or planned for the sustained spheromak physics experiment device now operating at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. A set of 46 wall-mounted magnetic probes provide the essential data necessary for magnetic reconstruction of the Taylor relaxed state. Rogowski coils measure currents induced in the flux conserver. A CO2 laser interferometer is used to measure electron line density. Spectroscopic measurements include an absolutely-calibrated spectrometer recording extended domain spectrometer for obtaining time-integrated visible ultraviolet spectra and two time-resolved vacuum monochrometers for studying the time evolution of two separate emission lines. Another time-integrated spectrometer records spectra in the visible range. Filtered silicon photodiode bolometers provide total power measurements, and a 16 channel photodiode spatial array gives radial emission profiles. Two-dimensional imaging of the plasma and helicity injector is provided by gated television cameras and associated image-processing software. An array of fiber-coupled photodetectors with H alpha filters view across the midplane and in the injector region to measure neutral hydrogen concentrations. Several novel diagnostics are being fielded including a transient internal probe (TIP) and an ultrashort-pulse reflectometer (USPR) microwave reflectometer. The TIP probe fires a very high velocity optical bullet through the plasma and will provide fairly nonpertabative internal magnetic field and current measurements to compare with an equilibrium code model fitted to wall-mounted probes. The USPR is being designed to study edge density and turbulent fluctuations. A multipoint Thomson scattering system is currently being installed to give radial temperature and density profiles. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Himeji Inst Technol, Dept Elect Engn, Himeji, Hyogo 6712201, Japan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McLean, HS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 556 EP 561 DI 10.1063/1.1318246 PN 2 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600064 ER PT J AU Landen, OL Farley, DR Glendinning, SG Logory, LM Bell, PM Koch, JA Lee, FD Bradley, DK Kalantar, DH Back, CA Turner, RE AF Landen, OL Farley, DR Glendinning, SG Logory, LM Bell, PM Koch, JA Lee, FD Bradley, DK Kalantar, DH Back, CA Turner, RE TI X-ray backlighting for the National Ignition Facility (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMA; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-ENERGY; PROJECTION RADIOGRAPHY; OPACITY MEASUREMENTS; TARGET EXPERIMENTS; FRAMING CAMERA; RESOLUTION; DENSITY; GROWTH AB X-ray backlighting is a powerful tool for diagnosing a large variety of high-density phenomena. Traditional area backlighting techniques used at Nova and Omega cannot be extended efficiently to National Ignition Facility scale. New, more efficient backlighting sources and techniques are required and have begun to show promising results. These include a backlit-pinhole point-projection technique, pinhole and slit arrays, distributed polychromatic sources, and picket-fence backlighters. In parallel, there have been developments in improving the data signal-to-noise and, hence, quality by switching from film to charge-coupled-device-based recording media and by removing the fixed-pattern noise of microchannel-plate-based cameras. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Landen, OL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 66 TC 98 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 627 EP 634 DI 10.1063/1.1315641 PN 2 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600081 ER PT J AU Smalyuk, VA Boehly, TR Iwan, LS Kessler, TJ Knauer, JP Marshall, FJ Meyerhofer, DD Stoeckl, C Yaakobi, B Bradley, DK AF Smalyuk, VA Boehly, TR Iwan, LS Kessler, TJ Knauer, JP Marshall, FJ Meyerhofer, DD Stoeckl, C Yaakobi, B Bradley, DK TI Fourier-space image processing for spherical experiments on OMEGA (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID LASER SYSTEM; CAMERAS AB Studies of compressed shell integrity of spherical targets on the 60-beam 30 kJ UV OMEGA laser system involve spatially and temporally resolved measurements of core emission at different x-ray energies. Hot-core emission backlights a titanium-doped shell that is imaged at x-ray energies above and below the titanium K edge. The difference between the two images is related to perturbations in the cold, or absorbing, part of the shell. The core emission has been imaged by a pinhole array on a framing camera and recorded on film. The resolution and noise of all parts of the imaging system have been characterized. Using this information, a Wiener filter that reduces noise, compensates for detector resolution, and facilitates measurement of shell nonuniformities has been formulated. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Smalyuk, VA (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, 250 E River Rd, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 635 EP 642 DI 10.1063/1.1315642 PN 2 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600082 ER PT J AU Scott, JM Beck, JB Batha, SH Barnes, CW Tubbs, DL AF Scott, JM Beck, JB Batha, SH Barnes, CW Tubbs, DL TI Radiographic image analysis of cylindrical implosion experiments (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; DIRECT-DRIVE; LASER; FUSION; ENHANCEMENT; SIMULATION; MODEL AB Radiography is a heavily used tool for diagnosing laser-based hydrodynamic experiments. A successful experiment relies on the gathering of data over a time window where the relevant physics occurs and on an accurate analysis of those data. Comparison of this experimental data to theory is often best done by generating simulated images from hydrodynamic calculations, including all necessary and important experimental details. Care must be taken to treat both the experimental and theoretical images identically in the analysis. Frequently, image filtering and enhancement routines are used to obtain interface location and perturbation information from the radiographic image. Previous techniques were found to be too sensitive to global image details. New procedures have been developed which utilize local operators that provide better edge or interface identification without bias. These procedures are benchmarked and validated using static radiographic targets of known configuration that mock up experimental situations of interest. The experiment and the image analysis development are described, including discussion of key contributions to the uncertainty of the results. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Scott, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 643 EP 650 DI 10.1063/1.1315643 PN 2 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600083 ER PT J AU Bennett, GR Landen, OL Adams, RF Porter, JL Ruggles, LE Simpson, WW Wakefield, C AF Bennett, GR Landen, OL Adams, RF Porter, JL Ruggles, LE Simpson, WW Wakefield, C TI X-ray imaging techniques on Z using the Z-Beamlet laser SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; MICROSCOPE AB The Z-Beamlet laser backlighter system at Sandia National Laboratories, which will be operational in 2001, will create a point or area source of high (or moderate) energy x rays behind a Z-accelerator [R. B. Spielman , Phys. Plasmas 5, 2105 (1998)] -driven target. In the former case with >2 kJ in up to four pulses of <2 ns total duration in a 20 ns interval, and > 80% of the 2 omega energy in a similar to 50-mum-diam focal spot, the resulting >4 x 10(16) W/cm(2) irradiances will generate greater than or equal to8.950, 8.999 keV (zinc He-alpha, etc.) x rays. This high-energy source, as either a single point or four separate spots, will be used directly for four-frame point-projection x-ray imaging, and will attain spatial resolutions and signal-to-noise levels significantly better than presently possible on Z using existing methods. In combination with a similar to1 cm field of view, the technique will be well suited to the large, relatively opaque objects characteristic of Z experiments. This addition is anticipated to have a major impact upon the basic physics of z-pinch implosions, and therefore, possibly the ultimate x-ray powers and hohlraum (vacuum or dynamic) radiation temperatures that may be attainable. Furthermore, in combination with a slightly defocused point source and a medium-energy grazing-incidence microscope, Z-Beamlet may allow various inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density physics experiments to be studied at even higher spatial resolution and signal-to-noise levels. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ktech Corp, Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bennett, GR (reprint author), Ktech Corp, Sandia Natl Labs, Mail Stop 1106,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 657 EP 662 DI 10.1063/1.1315645 PN 2 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600085 ER PT J AU Workman, J Evans, S Kyrala, GA AF Workman, J Evans, S Kyrala, GA TI One-dimensional x-ray imaging using a spherically bent mica crystal at 4.75 keV SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID LASER; PLASMA; SPECTROSCOPY; MICROSCOPY; SHOCK AB One-dimensional x-ray imaging of static gold bars using a spherically bent mica crystal is presented for the first time at an x-ray energy of 4.75 keV. X rays are produced using 1-ns-square pulses on the TRIDENT laser facility driving the He-like resonance transition in solid titanium disks. Time-integrated images of square profile parallel gold bars are recorded on direct exposure film with a magnification of similar to 10. Rising edge measurements of the bars demonstrate resolutions of about 6-7 mum over a 400 mum field of view. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Workman, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Box 1663,Mail Stop E-526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 674 EP 677 DI 10.1063/1.1315648 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600089 ER PT J AU Workman, J Kyrala, GA AF Workman, J Kyrala, GA TI X-ray yield scaling studies performed on the OMEGA laser SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID PLASMA; BRIGHTNESS; TARGETS AB We have performed experiments with planar targets on the OMEGA laser facility at the University of Rochester. These experiments investigated the scaling of x-ray yield and conversion efficiency with the laser energy and focusing properties for several different target materials. The experiments were also designed to investigate the feasibility of high-energy backlighters under typical irradiance geometries. The scaling of Fe emission near 6.7 keV was investigated by varying laser irradiance from 10(14) to 10(16) W/cm(2). In addition, the scaling of x-ray yield with emitted x-ray energy was studied at fixed laser irradiance near 10(16) W/cm(2) for Fe, Zn, and Ge. The time-integrated spectra as well as filtered x-ray film gave relative x-ray yields. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Workman, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Box 1663,Mail Stop E-526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 678 EP 681 DI 10.1063/1.1318251 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600090 ER PT J AU Kyrala, GA Workman, JB AF Kyrala, GA Workman, JB TI Fluorescence concerns in high energy x-ray yield scaling and imaging studies SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID SCATTERING AB X rays at high photon energies are needed to backlight and image large objects of high opacity on large lasers, such as the National Ignition Facility, or large pulsed power facilities, such as ATLAS. Attenuators and filters are usually used to bring the signals to scale and to filter the x rays from un-needed low energy components. As the x-ray energy increases, the secondary effect of the interactions of the x rays with the filter or attenuator material must be addressed. This is especially true when one considers using the very high energy x rays from the hot electrons generated during the interaction of intense lasers with high Z materials. We will show how these concerns can be quantified and reduced in at least one case; an experiment on the OMEGA laser facility, designed to investigate the scaling of absolute x-ray yield and conversion efficiency with laser energy and power. This investigation is part of the study to determine the feasibility of high-energy backlighters using Ge emission near 10.3 keV. We will also show how these results apply to imaging at larger x-ray energies. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kyrala, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Box 1663,Mail Stop E-526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 682 EP 685 DI 10.1063/1.1318252 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600091 ER PT J AU Bullock, AB Landen, OL Bradley, DK AF Bullock, AB Landen, OL Bradley, DK TI Relative x-ray backlighter intensity comparison of Ti and Ti/Sc combination foils driven in double-sided and single-sided laser configuration SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci AB Use of multiple backlighter foils and/or double-sided laser interaction geometry with backlit imaging can result in improved backlighter efficiency. An experimental comparison of backlighter intensity for Ti foils and Ti/Sc combination foils in both the one-sided and double-sided laser-interaction configuration is presented. Spectrally integrated framing camera images show intensity contributions of front and rear backlighter surfaces for both foil types. Analysis of time-resolved x-ray spectra collected from foil targets show the relative contribution of Ti and Sc 2-1 He-like resonance lines to the total backlighter intensity. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bullock, AB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 686 EP 689 DI 10.1063/1.1315649 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600092 ER PT J AU Bullock, AB Landen, OL Bradley, DK AF Bullock, AB Landen, OL Bradley, DK TI 10 and 5 mu m pinhole-assisted point-projection backlit imaging for the National Ignition Facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID TARGETS AB In pinhole-assisted point-projection backlighting, pinholes are placed a small distance (of order 1 mm) away from the backlighter source to produce images with large field of view. Pinholes placed close to high-power backlighter sources can vaporize and, if sufficiently small, close due to x-ray driven ablation, thereby potentially limiting the usefulness of this method. A study of streaked one-dimensional backlit imaging of 25 mum W wires using the OMEGA laser at the University of Rochester is presented. The pinhole closure time scale for 10 mum pinholes placed 0.45 and 1 mm distant from a 0.6 TW Ti backlighter is 1.3 and 2.2 ns, respectively. Similar time scales for 5 mum pinholes is also presented. Successful wire imaging prior to pinhole closure is clearly demonstrated. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bullock, AB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 690 EP 693 DI 10.1063/1.1318253 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600093 ER PT J AU Bradley, DK Bell, PM Dymoke-Bradshaw, AKL Hares, JD Bahr, RE Smalyuk, VA Hargrove, DR Piston, K AF Bradley, DK Bell, PM Dymoke-Bradshaw, AKL Hares, JD Bahr, RE Smalyuk, VA Hargrove, DR Piston, K TI Development and characterization of a single-line-of-sight framing camera SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID RAY AB We present initial characterization data from a new single-line-of-sight (SLOS) x-ray framing camera. The instrument uses an image-dissecting structure inside an electron optic tube to produce up to four simultaneous dc images from a single image incident on the cathode and a microchannel plate-based device to provide the temporal gating of those images. A series of gated images have been obtained using a short-pulse UV laser source, and the spatial resolution of those images is compared to those obtained using a more traditional-microchannel plate based system. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Kentech Instruments Ltd, Didcot OX11 9AG, Oxon, England. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bradley, DK (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 694 EP 697 DI 10.1063/1.1318254 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600094 ER PT J AU Landon, MD Koch, JA Alvarez, SS Bell, PM Lee, FD Moody, JD AF Landon, MD Koch, JA Alvarez, SS Bell, PM Lee, FD Moody, JD TI Design of the National Ignition Facility static x-ray imager SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci AB Two static x-ray imagers (SXI) will be used to monitor beam pointing on all target shots in the National Ignition Facility. These pinhole-based instruments will provide time integrated two-dimensional images of target x-ray emissions in the energy range between 2 and 3 keV. These instruments are not DIM based and will view along dedicated lines of sight from near the top and bottom ports of the target chamber. Beams that miss or clip the hohlraum laser-entrance holes will produce x-ray emission on the ends of the hohlraum, indicating improper beam pointing and/or target positioning. The SXIs will also be used to quantify beam focusing and pointing by producing x-ray images of dedicated test targets irradiated by focused beams at precalculated positions. A proposed design is presented, along with supporting data from NOVA target experiments. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Bechtel Nevada Livermore Operat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Landon, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 698 EP 700 DI 10.1063/1.1318255 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600095 ER PT J AU Oertel, JA Archuleta, TN Schrank, LS AF Oertel, JA Archuleta, TN Schrank, LS TI The large format x-ray imager SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID MICROSCOPE; CAMERAS; LASER AB We introduce a new Large Format X-ray Imaging Camera (LFC) for the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Inertial Confinement Fusion/Radiation Physics (ICF/RP) program. This instrument is intended as a prototype for use at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), but is capable of operating at LANL's Trident and the University of Rochester's OMEGA laser systems. The LFC is based upon similar x-ray camera architecture and is currently in the final design stages. It is constructed around a mosaic of 3 large (35 x 105 mm(2)) microchannel plate (MCP) detectors, primarily to give a larger field of view, but also for greater temporal coverage and higher magnification while maintaining spatial resolution. The camera is designed to have 30 data channels, six 13-mm-wide microstrips, continuous temporal coverage of 4.2 ns, adjustable electrical gate width, and variable gain on each microstrip and magnifications up to 20x. In the process of designing the LFC we scrutinized every element of the gated x-ray imaging process and designed optimization experiments for many of these elements. From the results of two of these experiments, improvements were made in impedance matching to MCPs and, in another, optimization of phosphor on faceplates. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Oertel, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 18 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 701 EP 704 DI 10.1063/1.1326005 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600096 ER PT J AU Turner, RE Landen, OL Bradley, DK Alvarez, SS Bell, PM Costa, R Moody, JD Lee, D AF Turner, RE Landen, OL Bradley, DK Alvarez, SS Bell, PM Costa, R Moody, JD Lee, D TI Comparison of charge coupled device vs film readouts for gated micro-channel plate cameras SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID RAY AB We have used a large format (4000 x 4000) high resolution (9 mum pixels) charge coupled device (CCD) to record images from the rear of a gated micro-channel plate (MCP) intensifier, and compared the results with conventional film recording. Measurements of linearity, dynamic range, dark noise, and distortion all show that the CCD is a superior replacement for film. Furthermore, its excellent registration allows for easy flat fielding, using data from a uniformly exposed MCP. As we increase the signal level to where the signal to noise is not dominated by photon counting statistics, we find that this flat fielding procedure produces a significant improvement in signal to noise. The small spatial scale of this noise has led to its identification as high spatial frequency variations in the MCP phosphor. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Turner, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 706 EP 708 DI 10.1063/1.1323253 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600097 ER PT J AU Landen, OL Lobban, A Tutt, T Bell, PM Costa, R Hargrove, DR Ze, F AF Landen, OL Lobban, A Tutt, T Bell, PM Costa, R Hargrove, DR Ze, F TI Angular sensitivity of gated microchannel plate framing cameras SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID SOFT-X-RAY; PHOTOCATHODES; EFFICIENCY AB Gated, microchannel-plate-based (MCP) framing cameras have been deployed worldwide for 0.2-9 keV x-ray imaging and spectroscopy of transient plasma phenomena. For a variety of spectroscopic and imaging applications, the angular sensitivity of MCPs must be known for correctly interpreting the data. We present systematic measurements of angular sensitivity at discrete relevant photon energies and arbitrary MCP gain. The results can been accurately predicted by using a simple two-dimensional approximation to the three-dimensional MCP geometry and by averaging over all possible photon ray paths. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Landen, OL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 709 EP 712 DI 10.1063/1.1318256 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600098 ER PT J AU Ohdachi, S Toi, K Fuchs, G von Goeler, S AF Ohdachi, S Toi, K Fuchs, G von Goeler, S TI Tangential soft x-ray camera for large helical device SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci AB A tangentially viewing soft x-ray camera system is to be installed on the Large Helical Device (LHD). This camera system is aimed at exploring both detailed structures of the magnetic surfaces of the LHD plasma and helical islands induced either due to magnetic field errors or MHD instabilities. The frequency range this system is capable of exploring is 0 < v < 2 kHz; this range can be extended, if the space resolution or the viewing area were reduced. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. Forschungszentrum Julich, EURATOM Assoc, Inst Plasma Phys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki 5095292, Japan. EM ohdachi@nifs.ac.jp NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 724 EP 726 DI 10.1063/1.1324741 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600102 ER PT J AU Soukhanovskii, VA Stutman, D Iovea, M Finkenthal, M Moos, HW Munsat, T Jones, B Hoffman, D Kaita, R Majeski, R AF Soukhanovskii, VA Stutman, D Iovea, M Finkenthal, M Moos, HW Munsat, T Jones, B Hoffman, D Kaita, R Majeski, R TI Multilayer mirror and foil filter AXUV diode arrays on CDX-U spherical torus SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID LINE EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; SYSTEM; WAVE; RADIATION; TOKAMAKS; PLASMAS AB Recent upgrades to CDX-U spherical torus diagnostics include two 10-channel AXUV diode arrays. The multilayer mirror (MLM) array measures the lambda 150 O VI brightness profile in the poloidal plane using the Mo/B4C synthetic multilayer structures as dispersive elements. The foil filter array has a tangential view and is equipped with interchangeable clear aperture, beryllium and titanium filters. This allows measurements of radiated power, O VI or C V radial distributions, respectively. The O VI and C V emissivity and the radiated power profiles are highly peaked. A Neoclassical impurity accumulation mechanism is considered as an explanation. For radiated power measurements in the T-e less than or equal to 100 eV plasmas, photon energy dependent corrections must be used in order to account for nonlinear AXUV sensitivity in the range E-phot less than or equal to 20 eV. The arrays are also used for characterization of resistive MHD phenomena, such as the low m modes, saw-tooth oscillations and internal reconnection events. Based on the successful operation of the diagnostics, a new ultra soft x-ray multilayer mirror diode AXUV diode array monitoring the 34 A emissivity distribution of C VI will be built and installed on the National Spherical Torus Experiment. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Racah Inst Phys, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Plasma Spect Grp, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Soukhanovskii, VA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 737 EP 741 DI 10.1063/1.1323254 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600105 ER PT J AU Kimbrough, JR Bell, PM Christianson, GB Lee, FD Kalantar, DH Perry, TS Sewall, NR Wootton, AJ AF Kimbrough, JR Bell, PM Christianson, GB Lee, FD Kalantar, DH Perry, TS Sewall, NR Wootton, AJ TI National Ignition Facility core x-ray streak camera SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) core x-ray streak camera will be used for laser performance verification experiments as well as a wide range of physics experiments in the areas of high-energy-density science, inertial confinement fusion, and basic science. The x-ray streak camera system is being designed to record time-dependent x-ray emission from NIF targets using an interchangeable family of snouts for measurements such as one-dimensional (1D) spatial imaging or spectroscopy. the NIF core x-ray streak camera will consist of an x-ray-sensitive photocathode that detects x rays with 1D spatial resolution coupled to an electron streak tube to detect a continuous time history of the x rays incident on the photocathode over selected time periods. A charge-coupled-device (CCD) readout will record the signal from the streak tube. The streak tube, CCD, and associated electronics will reside in an electromagnetic interference, and electromagnetic pulse protected, hermetically sealed, temperature-controlled box whose internal pressure is approximately 1 atm. The streak tube itself will penetrate through the wall of the box into the target chamber vacuum. We are working with a goal of a spatial resolution of 15 lp/mm with 50% contrast transfer function at the photocathode and adjustment sweep intervals of 1-50 ns. The camera spectral sensitivity extends from soft x rays to 20 keV x rays, with varying quantum efficiency based on photocathode selection. The system will have remote control, monitoring, and Ethernet communications through an embedded controller. The core streak camera will be compatible with the instrument manipulators at the OMEGA (University of Rochester) and NIF facilities. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kimbrough, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Perry, Theodore/K-3333-2014 OI Perry, Theodore/0000-0002-8832-2033 NR 6 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 748 EP 750 DI 10.1063/1.1318262 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600107 ER PT J AU Kalantar, DH Bell, PM Perry, TS Sewall, N Kimbrough, J Weber, F Diamond, C Piston, K AF Kalantar, DH Bell, PM Perry, TS Sewall, N Kimbrough, J Weber, F Diamond, C Piston, K TI Optimizing data recording for the NIF core diagnostic x-ray streak camera SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci AB Quantitative measurements of the sensitivity, dynamic range, and image resolution of a Nova secondary ion mass-based x-ray streak camera have been made. Comparisons were made using film versus a 4kx4k optical charge-coupled device for data readout. These tests were performed with and without an optical image intensifier tube, and with a direct electron-sensitive microchannel plate. We present results from these tests and recommendations for the National Ignition Facility core x-ray streak camera. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Livermore Operat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kalantar, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Perry, Theodore/K-3333-2014 OI Perry, Theodore/0000-0002-8832-2033 NR 3 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 751 EP 754 DI 10.1063/1.1318263 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600108 ER PT J AU Stoyer, MA Sangster, TC Henry, EA Cable, MD Cowan, TE Hatchett, SP Key, MH Moran, MJ Pennington, DM Perry, MD Phillips, TW Singh, MS Snavely, RA Tabak, M Wilks, SC AF Stoyer, MA Sangster, TC Henry, EA Cable, MD Cowan, TE Hatchett, SP Key, MH Moran, MJ Pennington, DM Perry, MD Phillips, TW Singh, MS Snavely, RA Tabak, M Wilks, SC TI Nuclear diagnostics for petawatt experiments (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID HOT-ELECTRON PRODUCTION; LASER-PULSES AB With the operation of successively more intense and powerful lasers, such as the NOVA petawatt laser with I similar to 3 x 10(20) W/cm(2), several novel (to laser physics) nuclear diagnostics were used to determine the nature of the laser/matter interaction at the target surface. A broad beam of hot electrons, whose centroid varied from shot to shot, width was remarkably constant, and intensity was about 40% of the incident laser energy was observed. New nuclear phenomenon included photonuclear reactions [e.g., (gamma ,xn)], photofission of U-238 and intense beams of ions. Photonuclear reactions were observed and quantified in Cu, Ni, and Au samples, and produced activation products as neutron deficient as Au-191 [a (gamma ,6n) reaction!], requiring gamma rays exceeding 50 MeV in energy. The spectral features of the gamma-ray source have been investigated by comparing activation ratios in Ni and Au samples, and angular distributions of higher energy photons have been measured with activation of spatially distributed Au samples. Extraordinarily intense beams of charged particles (primarily protons) were observed normal to the rear surface of the target and quantified using the charged particle reaction Ti-48(p,n)V-48, radiochromic film and CR39 plastic track detectors. Approximately 3 x 10(13) protons, with energies up to 55 MeV were observed in some experiments. Collimation of this beam increases with increasing proton energy. Correlations of activation with laser performance will be discussed. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stoyer, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 767 EP 772 DI 10.1063/1.1319355 PN 2 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600111 ER PT J AU Murphy, TJ Barnes, CW Berggren, RR Bradley, P Caldwell, SE Chrien, RE Faulkner, JR Gobby, PL Hoffman, N Jimerson, JL Klare, KA Lee, CL Mack, JM Morgan, GL Oertel, JA Swenson, FJ Walsh, PJ Walton, RB Watt, RG Wilke, MD Wilson, DC Young, CS Haan, SW Lerche, RA Moran, MJ Phillips, TW Sangster, TC Leeper, RJ Ruiz, CL Cooper, GW Disdier, L Rouyer, A Fedotoff, A Glebov, VY Meyerhofer, DD Soures, JM Stockl, C Frenje, JA Hicks, DG Li, CK Petrasso, RD Seguin, FH Fletcher, K Padalino, S Fisher, RK AF Murphy, TJ Barnes, CW Berggren, RR Bradley, P Caldwell, SE Chrien, RE Faulkner, JR Gobby, PL Hoffman, N Jimerson, JL Klare, KA Lee, CL Mack, JM Morgan, GL Oertel, JA Swenson, FJ Walsh, PJ Walton, RB Watt, RG Wilke, MD Wilson, DC Young, CS Haan, SW Lerche, RA Moran, MJ Phillips, TW Sangster, TC Leeper, RJ Ruiz, CL Cooper, GW Disdier, L Rouyer, A Fedotoff, A Glebov, VY Meyerhofer, DD Soures, JM Stockl, C Frenje, JA Hicks, DG Li, CK Petrasso, RD Seguin, FH Fletcher, K Padalino, S Fisher, RK TI Nuclear diagnostics for the National Ignition Facility (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID INERTIAL-CONFINEMENT-FUSION; TARGET BURN HISTORY; OF-FLIGHT DETECTOR; INDIRECTLY DRIVEN; IMPLOSIONS; TEMPERATURES; NEUTRONS; LIGHT AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF), currently under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, will provide unprecedented opportunities for the use of nuclear diagnostics in inertial confinement fusion experiments. The completed facility will provide 2 MJ of laser energy for driving targets, compared to the approximately 40 kJ that was available on Nova and the approximately 30 kJ available on Omega. Ignited NIF targets are anticipated to produce up to 10(19) DT neutrons. In addition to a basic set of nuclear diagnostics based on previous experience, these higher NIF yields are expected to allow innovative nuclear diagnostic techniques to be utilized, such as neutron imaging, recoil proton techniques, and gamma-ray-based reaction history measurements. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. CEA, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. MIT, Ctr Plasma Fusion, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. SUNY Geneseo, Dept Phys, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Murphy, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Murphy, Thomas/F-3101-2014; Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015 OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-6137-9873; Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983 NR 41 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 773 EP 779 DI 10.1063/1.1319356 PN 2 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600112 ER PT J AU Werner, A Weller, A Darrow, DS AF Werner, A Weller, A Darrow, DS CA W7-AS Team TI Fast ion losses in the W7-AS stellarator SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID OPTIMIZATION AB A new probe for the detection of fast escaping ions has been installed and operated at the W7-AS stellarator. Fast ions generated from neutral beam injection or ion cyclotron heating were used to study the fast ion confinement properties of the partially drift-optimized magnetic field structure as well as losses induced by magnetohydrodynamic perturbations. The design of the probe is based on the alpha -particle detectors of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor using scintillator plates and allows the detection of co-and countergoing ions simultaneously in a wide range of gyroradii and pitch angles. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 EURATOM Assoc, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Werner, A (reprint author), EURATOM Assoc, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NR 9 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 780 EP 783 DI 10.1063/1.1319357 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600113 ER PT J AU Darrow, DS Bell, R Johnson, DW Kugel, H Wilson, JR Cecil, FE Maingi, R Krasilnikov, A Alekseyev, A AF Darrow, DS Bell, R Johnson, DW Kugel, H Wilson, JR Cecil, FE Maingi, R Krasilnikov, A Alekseyev, A TI Fast ion loss diagnostic plans for the National Spherical Torus Experiment SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID TFTR AB The prompt loss of neutral beam ions from the National Spherical Torus Experiment is expected to be between 12% and 42% of the total 5 MW of beam power. There may, in addition, be losses of fast ions arising from high harmonic fast wave (HHFW) heating. Most of the lost ions will strike the HHFW antenna or the neutral beam dump. To measure these losses in the 2000 experimental campaign, thermocouples in the antenna, several infrared camera views, and a Faraday cup lost ion probe will be employed. The probe will measure loss of fast ions with E > 1 keV at three radial locations, giving the scrape-off length of the fast ions. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. TRINITI, Troitsk, Russia. RP Darrow, DS (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 784 EP 787 DI 10.1063/1.1319358 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600114 ER PT J AU Fisher, RK Parks, PB Liptac, J Belian, A Morse, EC Ingram, DC Brient, CE Medley, SS Roquemore, AL Loughlin, ML AF Fisher, RK Parks, PB Liptac, J Belian, A Morse, EC Ingram, DC Brient, CE Medley, SS Roquemore, AL Loughlin, ML TI Measured response of bubble neutron detectors and prospects for alpha knock-on diagnostics SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID PARTICLES; PLASMAS; TAILS AB Measurement of the neutron energy spectrum above similar to 16 MeV will yield information on the spatial and energy distributions of confined fast alphas in deuterium-tritium (DT) tokamaks (Fisher, Nucl. Fusion; Gorini Rev. Sci. Instrum.). The energetic neutrons result from fusion reactions involving the energetic ions created by alpha-fuel ion knock-on collisions. Standard two-gas bubble neutron detectors, designed to only detect neutrons with energies above a selectable threshold determined by the gas mixture, were used in preliminary attempts to measure the knock-on neutrons from DT plasmas in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor and Joint European Torus (JET). Subsequent measurements at accelerator neutron sources showed an unexpected below-threshold detector response that prevented observations of the alpha-induced neutron tails. Spontaneous bubble nucleation measurements show that the majority of this below-threshold response is due to slight variations in the gas mixture, and is not present in single-gas detectors. Single-gas detectors will be tested at the University of California Berkeley to determine the neutron energy threshold as a function of detector operating temperature and to confirm their suitability for alpha knock-on tail measurements. An array of single-gas detectors operating at different temperatures should allow measurements of the alpha knock-on neutron tail during planned DT experiments on JET. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ohio Univ, Edwards Accelerator Lab, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Joint European Undertaking, Abingdon, Oxon, England. RP Fisher, RK (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 796 EP 800 DI 10.1063/1.1319870 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600117 ER PT J AU Cooper, GW Ruiz, CL AF Cooper, GW Ruiz, CL TI NIF total neutron yield diagnostic SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID FUSION AB We have designed a total neutron yield diagnostic for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) which is based on the activation of In and Cu samples. The particular approach that we have chosen is one in which we calibrate the entire counting system and which we call the "F factor" method. In this method, In and/or Cu samples are exposed to known sources of DD and DT neutrons. The activated samples are then counted with an appropriate system: a high purity Ge detector for In and a NaI coincidence system for Cu. We can then calculate a calibration factor, which relates measured activity to total neutron yield. The advantage of this approach is that specific knowledge of such quantities as cross sections and detector efficiencies is not needed. Unless the actual scattering environment of the NIF can be mocked up in the calibration experiment, the F factor will have to be modified using the results of a numerical simulation of the NIF scattering environment. In this article, the calibration factor methodology will be discussed and experimental results for the calibration factors will be presented. Total NIF neutron yields of 10(9)-10(19) can be measured with this method assuming a 50 cm stand-off distance can be employed for the lower yields. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cooper, GW (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 7 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 814 EP 817 DI 10.1063/1.1320997 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600121 ER PT J AU Barnes, CW Murphy, TJ Oertel, JA AF Barnes, CW Murphy, TJ Oertel, JA TI High-yield neutron activation system for the National Ignition Facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID FUSION TEST REACTOR AB The most accurate absolutely calibrated measurement of the total yield of neutrons from experiments on the National Ignition Facility will be from activation of threshold nuclear reactions. The high-yield neutron activation system is being designed to provide high-accuracy (similar to the +/-7% achieved on other fusion experiments) linear measurements over a 9-order-of-magnitude dynamic range from the facility limit of similar to 10(19) neutrons/shot down to a minimum of similar to3 x 10(10) neutrons/shot. The system design requirements are presented, and a conceptual design to meet those requirements described. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barnes, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Murphy, Thomas/F-3101-2014 OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-6137-9873 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 818 EP 821 DI 10.1063/1.1319360 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600122 ER PT J AU Watt, RG Chrien, RE Klare, KA Murphy, TJ Wilson, DC Haan, S AF Watt, RG Chrien, RE Klare, KA Murphy, TJ Wilson, DC Haan, S TI A sensitive neutron spectrometer for the National Ignition Facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID CONFINEMENT FUSION-TARGETS; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; SPECTRA; SCATTERING; ARRAY; NOVA AB We are developing a sensitive neutron spectrometer for the National Ignition Facility laser at Livermore. The spectrometer will consist of a 1020 channel single-neutron-interaction time-of-flight detector array fielded 23 m from the neutron-producing target. It will use an existing detector array together with upgraded electronics for improved time resolution. Measurements of neutron yield, ion and electron temperatures, and density-radius product are all possible under certain conditions using one-, two-, or three-step reaction processes. The locations of the most important potential sources of scattered neutron backgrounds are determined as the first step in designing collimation to reduce these backgrounds. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Watt, RG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Murphy, Thomas/F-3101-2014 OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-6137-9873 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 846 EP 849 DI 10.1063/1.1323242 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600128 ER PT J AU Murphy, TJ Jimerson, JL Berggren, RR Faulkner, JR Oertel, JA Walsh, PJ AF Murphy, TJ Jimerson, JL Berggren, RR Faulkner, JR Oertel, JA Walsh, PJ TI Neutron time-of-flight and emission time diagnostics for the National Ignition Facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID IMPLOSIONS; DETECTORS; FUSION AB Current plans call for a system of current mode neutron detectors for the National Ignition Facility for extending the range of neutron yields below that of the neutron activation system, for ion-temperature measurements over a wide yield range, and for determining the average neutron emission time. The system will need to operate over a yield range of 10(6) for the lowest-yield experiments to 10(19) for high-yield ignited targets. The requirements will be satisfied using several detectors located at different distances from the target. This article presents a conceptual design for the NIF nToF system. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Murphy, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Murphy, Thomas/F-3101-2014 OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-6137-9873 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 850 EP 853 DI 10.1063/1.1321001 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600129 ER PT J AU Frenje, JA Green, KM Hicks, DG Li, CK Seguin, FH Petrasso, RD Sangster, TC Phillips, TW Glebov, VY Meyerhofer, DD Roberts, S Soures, JM Stoeckl, C Fletcher, K Padalino, S Leeper, RJ AF Frenje, JA Green, KM Hicks, DG Li, CK Seguin, FH Petrasso, RD Sangster, TC Phillips, TW Glebov, VY Meyerhofer, DD Roberts, S Soures, JM Stoeckl, C Fletcher, K Padalino, S Leeper, RJ TI A neutron spectrometer for precise measurements of DT neutrons from 10 to 18 MeV at OMEGA and the National Ignition Facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci AB A model independent method to determine fuel [rhoR] is to measure the energy spectrum and yield of elastically scattered primary neutrons in deuterium-tritium (DT) plasmas. As is the case for complementary methods to measure fuel [rhoR] (in particular from knock-on deuterons and tritons [S. Skupsky and S. Kacenjar, J. Appl. Phys. 52, 2608 (1981); C. K. Li (unpublished)]), minimizing the background is critical for successful implementation. To achieve this objective, a novel spectrometer for measurements of neutrons in the energy range 10-18 MeV is proposed. From scattered neutrons (10-13 MeV), the DT fuel [rhoR] will be measured; from primary neutrons (similar to 14 MeV), the ion temperature and neutron yield will be determined; and from secondary neutrons, in the energy range 12-18 MeV, the fuel [rhoR] in deuterium plasmas will be inferred at the National Ignition Facility. The instrument is based on a magnetic spectrometer with a neutron-to-deuteron (nd) conversion foil for production of deuteron recoils at nearly forward scattered angles. In its initial phase of implementation, CR-39 track detectors will be used in the focal plane to detect the recoil deuterons with extremely high spatial resolution. Besides simplicity, CR-39 track detectors will facilitate a highly accurate energy calibration. However, in a later implementation of the spectrometer design, the recoils will also be detected by an array of fast scintillation counters functioning in current mode. In either detection scheme, the detection efficiency is about 10(-9) for measuring 14 MeV neutrons with an energy resolution of about 3%. Due to its large dynamic range, its relatively high efficiency, and a compliant design that allows for significant background rejection, this spectrometer can be effectively used, with very high resolution, at both OMEGA and the National Ignition Facility. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. SUNY Geneseo, Nucl Struct Lab, Geneseo, NY 14454 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Mech Engn, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Frenje, JA (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983 NR 9 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 854 EP 858 DI 10.1063/1.1323243 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600130 ER PT J AU Hicks, DG Li, CK Seguin, FH Frenje, JA Petrasso, RD Sangster, TC AF Hicks, DG Li, CK Seguin, FH Frenje, JA Petrasso, RD Sangster, TC TI Optimal foil shape for neutron time-of-flight measurements using elastic recoils SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci AB The basis for a time-of-flight neutron spectrometer for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments using recoils from a shaped scattering foil is presented. It is shown that the number of elastic recoils can be substantially increased by utilizing a large scattering foil in the shape of an ellipsoid, with the curvature of the ellipsoid being determined by the mass of the recoil particle. This shape allows the time-of-flight dispersion - present originally in the neutrons - to be maintained in the recoils despite the large foil area. The feasibility of using this design on current ICF experiments is discussed. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hicks, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Hicks, Damien/B-5042-2015 OI Hicks, Damien/0000-0001-8322-9983 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 859 EP 862 DI 10.1063/1.1321002 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600131 ER PT J AU Morgan, GL Berggren, RR Bradley, PA Cverna, FH Faulkner, JR Gobby, PL Oertel, JA Swenson, FJ Tegtmeier, JA Walton, RB Wilke, MD Wilson, DC Disdier, L AF Morgan, GL Berggren, RR Bradley, PA Cverna, FH Faulkner, JR Gobby, PL Oertel, JA Swenson, FJ Tegtmeier, JA Walton, RB Wilke, MD Wilson, DC Disdier, L TI Development of a neutron imaging diagnostic for inertial confinement fusion experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID TARGETS AB Pinhole imaging of the neutron production in laser-driven inertial confinement fusion experiments can provide important information about the performance of various capsule designs. This requires the development of systems capable of spatial resolutions on the order of 5 mum or less for source strengths of 10(15) and greater. We have initiated a program which will lead to the achievement of such a system to be employed at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) facility. Calculated neutron output distributions for various capsule designs will be presented to illustrate the information which can be gained from neutron imaging and to demonstrate the requirements for a useful system. We will describe the lines-of-sight available at NIF for neutron imaging and explain how these can be utilized to reach the required parameters for neutron imaging. We will describe initial development work to be carried out at the Omega facility and the path which will lead to systems to be implemented at NIF. Beginning this year, preliminary experiments will be aimed at achieving resolutions of 30-60 mum for direct-drive capsules with neutron outputs of about 10(14). The main thrust of these experiments will be to understand issues related to the fabrication and alignment of small diameter pinhole systems as well as the problems associated with signal-to-background ratios at the image plane. Subsequent experiments at Omega will be described. These efforts will be aimed at achieving resolutions of about 10 mum. Proposed developments for new imaging systems as well as further refinement of pinhole techniques will be presented. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ctr Etud Bruyeres Le Chatel, CEA, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. RP Morgan, GL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 27 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 865 EP 868 DI 10.1063/1.1329883 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600132 ER PT J AU Delage, O Lerche, RA Sangster, TC Arsenault, HH AF Delage, O Lerche, RA Sangster, TC Arsenault, HH TI SIRINC: A code for assessing and optimizing the neutron imaging diagnostic capabilities in inertial confinement fusion experiments SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID TARGETS; NOISE AB Neutron penumbral imaging technique has been demonstrated at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and has been used at CEA (France) to image inertial confinement fusion cores. The information contained in a penumbral image is degraded by the aperture and the camera. In addition, getting an estimate of the source requires some special numerical reconstruction techniques. One of the major steps to achieving a few mum spatial resolution required on the National Ignition Facility/LMJ project is careful analysis of all the information regarding the degradation processes. The first prototype version of SIRINC is presented. The degradation models will be discussed. Particular attention will be given to refinements to the reconstruction technique. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 CEA, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Laval, COPL, St Foy, PQ G1K 7PL, Canada. RP Delage, O (reprint author), CEA, BP 12, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 869 EP 872 DI 10.1063/1.1326898 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600133 ER PT J AU Berggren, RR Caldwell, SE Faulkner, JR Lerche, RA Mack, JM Moy, KJ Oertel, JA Young, CS AF Berggren, RR Caldwell, SE Faulkner, JR Lerche, RA Mack, JM Moy, KJ Oertel, JA Young, CS TI Gamma-ray-based fusion burn measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci AB A gas Cerenkov detector with a 12-MeV threshold for gamma-ray detection has been built for use on the OMEGA laser system to record high-energy gamma rays emitted during DT gas burn. Recording the 16.7-MeV gamma ray while discriminating against the lower energy 14-MeV neutron-induced gammas is an important objective using this detector system. Detector design, sensitivity, and background studies were possible using the Integrated Tiger Series Monte Carlo code modified to include Cerenkov production and full time-history of all particles. The results of this code were iterated with the ASAP optics code to optimize the light collection system, while providing the radiation shielding and stray light baffles to minimize backgrounds. As an initial test of the instrument, 8-20 MeV electrons from the Idaho State University linear accelerator were used in lieu of gamma rays. The primary results of these tests are that electron-produced Cerenkov has been observed and the Cerenkov threshold curve established for this instrument. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bechtel Nevada, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Berggren, RR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 873 EP 876 DI 10.1063/1.1321003 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600134 ER PT J AU Levinton, FM Trintchouk, F AF Levinton, FM Trintchouk, F TI Visualization of plasma turbulence with laser-induced fluorescence (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; DIII-D TOKAMAK; IMPROVED CONFINEMENT; EDGE TURBULENCE; ION-TRANSPORT; TFTR; FLUCTUATIONS; DIAGNOSTICS; DISCHARGES; REGIME AB Turbulence is a key factor limiting the performance of fusion devices. Plasma edge turbulence determines the boundary values of the plasma density and temperature, which in turn determine the internal gradients and controls global plasma transport. In recent years, significant progress has been made in modeling turbulence behavior in plasmas and its effect on transport. Progress has also been made in diagnostics for turbulence measurement; however, there is still a large gap in our understanding of it. An approach to improve this situation is to experimentally visualize the turbulence, that is, a high resolution 2-D image of the plasma density. Visualization of turbulence can improve the connection to theory and help validate theoretical models. One method that has been successfully developed to visualize turbulence in gases and fluids is planar laser-induced fluorescence. We have recently applied this technique to visualize turbulence and structures in a plasma. This was accomplished using an Alexandrite laser that is tunable between 700 and 800 nm, and from 350 to 400 nm with second harmonic generation. The fluorescence light from an argon ion transition has been imaged onto an intensified charged coupled device camera that is gated in synchronization with the laser. Images from the plasma show a rotating structure at 30 kHz in addition to small scale turbulence. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Fus Phys & Technol Inc, Torrance, CA 90503 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Levinton, FM (reprint author), Fus Phys & Technol Inc, Torrance, CA 90503 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 898 EP 905 DI 10.1063/1.1321005 PN 2 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600138 ER PT J AU Kaita, R Efthimion, P Hoffman, D Jones, B Kugel, H Majeski, R Munsat, T Raftopoulos, S Taylor, G Timberlake, J Soukhanovskii, V Stutman, D Iovea, M Finkenthal, M Doerner, R Luckhardt, S Maingi, R Causey, R AF Kaita, R Efthimion, P Hoffman, D Jones, B Kugel, H Majeski, R Munsat, T Raftopoulos, S Taylor, G Timberlake, J Soukhanovskii, V Stutman, D Iovea, M Finkenthal, M Doerner, R Luckhardt, S Maingi, R Causey, R TI Diagnostics for liquid lithium experiments in CDX-U SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; SPHERICAL TORUS; SYSTEM; PLASMA AB A flowing liquid lithium first wall or divertor target could virtually eliminate the concerns with power density and erosion, tritium retention, and cooling associated with solid walls in fusion reactors. To investigate the interaction of a spherical torus plasma with liquid lithium limiters, large area divertor targets, and walls, discharges will be established in the Current Drive Experiment-Upgrade (CDX-U) where the plasma-wall interactions are dominated by liquid lithium surfaces. Among the unique CDX-U lithium diagnostics is a multilayer mirror (MLM) array, which will monitor the 13.5 nm LiIII line for core lithium concentrations. Additional spectroscopic diagnostics include a grazing incidence extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectrometer (STRS) and a filterscope system to monitor D-alpha and various impurity lines local to the lithium limiter. Profile data will be obtained with a multichannel tangential bolometer and a multipoint Thomson scattering system configured to give enhanced edge resolution. Coupons on the inner wall of the CDX-U vacuum vessel will be used for surface analysis. A 10 000 frame per second fast visible camera and an IR camera will also be available. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kaita, R (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 915 EP 918 DI 10.1063/1.1321007 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600140 ER PT J AU Maqueda, RJ Wurden, GA Terry, JL Gaffke, J AF Maqueda, RJ Wurden, GA Terry, JL Gaffke, J TI Digital-image capture system for the IR camera used in Alcator C-Mod SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci AB An infrared imaging system, based on an Amber Radiance 1 infrared camera, is used at Alcator C-Mod to measure the surface temperatures in the lower divertor region. Due to the supra-linear dependence of the thermal radiation with temperature it is important to make use of the 12-bit digitization of the focal plane array of the Amber camera and not be limited by the 8 bits inherent to the video signal. It is also necessary for the image capture device (i.e., fast computer) to be removed from the high magnetic field environment surrounding the experiment. Finally, the coupling between the digital camera output and the capture device should be nonconductive for isolation purposes (i.e., optical coupling). A digital video remote camera interface (RCI) coupled to a PCI bus fiber optic interface board is used to accomplish this task. Using this PCI-RCI system, the 60 Hz images from the Amber Radiance 1 camera, each composed of 256 x 256 pixels and 12 bits/pixel, are captured by a Windows NT computer. An electrical trigger signal is given directly to the RCI module to synchronize the image stream with the experiment. The RCI can be programmed from the host computer to work with a variety of digital cameras, including the Amber Radiance 1 camera. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Engn Design Team Inc, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. RP Maqueda, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 927 EP 930 DI 10.1063/1.1321008 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600143 ER PT J AU Maqueda, RJ Wurden, GA Zweben, S Roquemore, L Kugel, H Johnson, D Kaye, S Sabbagh, S Maingi, R AF Maqueda, RJ Wurden, GA Zweben, S Roquemore, L Kugel, H Johnson, D Kaye, S Sabbagh, S Maingi, R TI Edge turbulence measurements in NSTX by gas puff imaging SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID FLUCTUATIONS; TOKAMAK; TFTR AB Turbulent filaments in visible light emission corresponding mainly to density fluctuations at the edge have been observed in large aspect ratio tokamaks: TFTR, ASDEX, Alcator C-Mod, and DIII-D. This article reports on similar turbulent structures observed in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) using a fast-framing, intensified, digital visible camera. These filaments were previously detected mainly in high recycling regions, such as at limiters or antennas, where the line emission from neutral atoms was modulated by the fluctuations in local plasma density. However, by introducing controlled edge gas puffs, i.e., gas puff imaging, we have increased the brightness and contrast in the fluctuation images and allowed the turbulent structure to be measured independently of the recycling. A set discrete fiber-optically coupled sight-lines also measured the frequency spectra of these light fluctuations with a 200 kHz bandwidth. Initial results in NSTX show that the turbulent filaments are well aligned with the magnetic field which can be up to 45 degrees from the horizontal at the outer midplane of NSTX. The dominant wavelength perpendicular to the magnetic field is similar to7-11 cm, corresponding to a k(perpendicular to) rho (s) of similar to0.3 at an assumed T-e = 25 eV, and the frequency spectra has a typical broad shape characteristic of edge turbulence extending to about 100 kHz. By imaging a He gas puff along a magnetic field line the characteristic radial scalelength appears to be in the 3-5 cm range. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Maqueda, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 12 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 931 EP 934 DI 10.1063/1.1321009 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600144 ER PT J AU Liebscher, A Luckhardt, SC Antar, G Zweben, S AF Liebscher, A Luckhardt, SC Antar, G Zweben, S TI A fast phosphor imaging diagnostic for two-dimensional plasma fluctuation measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci AB A plasma imaging diagnostic is being developed using a fast time response ZnO:Zn phosphor disk to image plasma density fluctuations in a two-dimensional (2D) region. The plasma sensor consists of an 8.9 cm diameter phosphor coated aluminum disk that is inserted into the plasma and is excited by incident electrons resulting in a cathodoluminescent emission image. The phosphor light distribution is then interpreted as plasma density fluctuations using sheath theory and the phosphor response function. The local luminance S of fluctuating phosphor light is dependent on the incident electron energy E-e and current density through the equation S(r,t) = e integral R(E-e)(v.(n) over cap )f(e)(r,v,t)d(3)v, where R(E-e) is the energy dependent response function of the phosphor. The phosphor persistence time of 1-10 mus (emulsion dependent) combined with fast intensified charge coupled device camera shutter speeds enables the imaging of plasma fluctuations on microsecond range time scales. Broadband turbulent phosphor light fluctuations (f less than or equal to 500 kHz) have been measured with photodiode detectors and compared with Langmuir probe data. The 2D phosphor images show density profiles consistent with radial Langmuir probe measurements. Temporal and spatial resolution of the phosphor diagnostic enables 2D imaging of plasma turbulence and coherent modes. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Div Fus Energy, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Liebscher, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Div Fus Energy, Energy Res Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 953 EP 956 DI 10.1063/1.1329658 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600149 ER PT J AU Sherrill, ME Mancini, RC Bailey, JE Filuk, A Clark, B Lake, P Abdallah, J AF Sherrill, ME Mancini, RC Bailey, JE Filuk, A Clark, B Lake, P Abdallah, J TI Spectroscopy diagnostics of a low temperature laser ablated LiAg plasma plume SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID PROPAGATION; DYNAMICS AB In experiments performed at Sandia National Laboratories, laser-generated LiAg plasma plumes were produced by irradiation of solid targets using a 10 ns pulse duration, 1 x 10(8) W/cm(2) intensity Nd YAG laser. Time- and spatially resolved (along a direction normal to the target's surface) optical spectra were recorded with a framing spectrograph. The observed spectra consist of optical line emission in Li and Ag atoms. Evidence of ions in the plume is suggested by the presence of a forbidden line and Stark-broadened line shapes. A spectroscopic model based on time-dependent collisional-radiative atomic kinetics that self-consistently calculate the Li and Ag level populations in conjunction with detailed line shapes and radiation transport is used to interpret the data. From this analysis, temperature, density, and ionization in the plume as a function of time and position along the normal to the target surface are extracted. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87550 USA. RP Sherrill, ME (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 957 EP 960 DI 10.1063/1.1326899 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600150 ER PT J AU Mascio, WA Sewall, NR Kirkwood, R Lee, FD Hibbard, WJ AF Mascio, WA Sewall, NR Kirkwood, R Lee, FD Hibbard, WJ TI Near to backscattered light imaging diagnostic on the National Ignition Facility SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID PLASMAS AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is being built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy Stockpile Stewardship Program. It will perform experiments for inertial confinement fusion ignition, high energy density science, and basic science. A target diagnostic is being developed for the NIF that will image nearly all the light scattered near the laser axis, (i.e., just outside the laser focusing lens). The diagnostic is called the near backscatter imager (NBI) and is presently required to measure stimulated Brillouin (SBS) and stimulated Raman (SRS) scattering so that the backscatter fraction will be determined with a goal of 30% uncertainty, and SBS and SRS temporal response with similar to 200 ps resolution. The NBI will also provide an option to measure temporally resolved spectrum with 50 ps and similar to1 nm resolution. The diagnostic will obtain SBS and SRS scatter plate images with a retro-viewing optical digital camera placed inside the target chamber. Time integrated optical diodes and fast optical diodes will be placed at several locations on the scatter plate to obtain the power and total energy data, as well as a calibration for the scatter plate image at several points. Fibers will be placed near the diodes to provide the option to make spectral measurement. A calibration system using a low power laser, in situ, to illuminate a series of points on the plate while recording the plate image with an external camera system is also being considered. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mascio, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 976 EP 978 DI 10.1063/1.1319601 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600154 ER PT J AU Montgomery, DS Johnson, RP AF Montgomery, DS Johnson, RP TI Design considerations for fiber-coupled streaked optical spectroscopy SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; IGNITION; FACILITY; SYSTEM AB Optical fibers are used to couple light into fast time-resolved spectrometers for many applications. Here several issues arise that can seriously limit the temporal resolution, such as the wavelength dependent group delay, and intermodal dispersion. These issues are investigated in 10 m length fibers using either a 400 mum core step index or graded index fiber. A unique broadband (400-700 nm) short pulse (similar to1 ps) light source is used to measure the fiber group delay with a time-resolved spectrometer. Intermodal dispersion is also studied in these fibers using a narrow-band 1 ps pulse that is injected into the fiber with various coupling schemes, and a novel technique is employed to record the time-dependent angular mode structure. Finally, a conceptual design using similar to 100 mum core graded-index fibers is proposed for multichannel streaked optical spectroscopy on the National Ignition Facility. Designs appropriate for a low spectral resolution instrument (stimulated Raman backscattering) and a high spectral resolution instrument (stimulated Brillouin backscattering) are presented. The fiber dispersion issues are discussed in the design of these diagnostics. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Montgomery, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Montgomery, David/0000-0002-2355-6242 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 979 EP 982 DI 10.1063/1.1319603 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600155 ER PT J AU Chen, H Beiersdorfer, P Harris, CL Utter, SB Wong, KL AF Chen, H Beiersdorfer, P Harris, CL Utter, SB Wong, KL TI Spectral catalog of Kr optical lines for the development of diagnostics for fusion plasmas SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; BEAM ION-TRAP; COMPLEX SPECTRA; ELECTRON; PROGRAM; ATOMS AB We made an inventory of krypton spectra over the wavelength range 3700-6000 Angstrom for the development of fusion plasma diagnostics. The measurements were performed using a prism spectrometer on the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory low energy electron beam ion trap (EBIT II). With the electron energy from 150 to 17 000 eV, we recorded low ionization stages together with a number of magnetic dipole transitions from higher charge states. In total, we observed over 80 lines, of which about 70% of the lines have not been listed in the literature. This measurement established a baseline for future extension using spectrometers with very high resolution. As an example, we present the Kr spectra from 3770 to 3900 Angstrom measured with a transmission grating spectrometer that has a resolving power of about 15 000. Among the 41 lines observed, only six lines have been listed in the databases. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM chen33@llnl.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 983 EP 986 DI 10.1063/1.1319604 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600156 ER PT J AU Bretz, N Simon, D Parsells, R Bravenec, R Rowan, W Eisner, N Sampsell, M Yuh, H Marmar, E Terry, J AF Bretz, N Simon, D Parsells, R Bravenec, R Rowan, W Eisner, N Sampsell, M Yuh, H Marmar, E Terry, J TI A motional Stark effect instrument to measure q(R) on the C-mod tokamak SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID PLASMAS AB A motional Stark effect (MSE) instrument to measure q(r) using the Torus Experiment for Technology (TEXT) neutral beam on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak has been designed and installed. The neutral beam is on the midplane, aimed radially, and designed to operate in hydrogen at 50 keV. The MSE optics view the outer half of the plasma -0.3 < (R-R-0)/a <1.05. This geometry results in a spatial resolution of 1 (edge)-3 (center) cm from a beam apertured horizontally to 2 cm. Estimates of the signal levels indicate for H alpha that photoelectron statistical errors in the measurement of B-theta/B-phi can be less than 0.2% for n(e0) < 2.0 x 10(14) cm(-3) similar to other MSE instruments. The collection optics reside within the vacuum chamber reflecting and imaging the neutral beam through a vacuum window in the neutral beam port. The optics are designed so that beam emission spectroscopy can be carried out simultaneously with MSE measurements. Optical signals are transmitted to remote detectors by fiber optics. Low Verdet glass and dielectric mirrors are used to minimize polarization changes caused by the ambient fields. Polarization is measured by conventional techniques using photoelastic modulators, optical filters, and photomultipliers. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Texas, Fus Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bretz, N (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1012 EP 1014 DI 10.1063/1.1319609 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600163 ER PT J AU Thomas, DM Bozek, AS Robinson, JI Burrell, KH Carlstrom, TN Osborne, TH Snider, RT Finkenthal, DK Jayakumar, R Makowski, MA Nilson, DG Rice, BW AF Thomas, DM Bozek, AS Robinson, JI Burrell, KH Carlstrom, TN Osborne, TH Snider, RT Finkenthal, DK Jayakumar, R Makowski, MA Nilson, DG Rice, BW TI Prospects for edge current density determination using LIBEAM on DIII-D SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID BEAM EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; STARK-EFFECT MEASUREMENTS; RADIAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; MAGNETIC-FIELD; TOKAMAK AB The specific size and structure of the edge current profile has important effects on the magnetohydrodynamic stability and ultimate performance of many advanced tokamak (AT) operating modes. This is true for both bootstrap and externally driven currents that may be used to tailor the edge shear. Absent a direct local measurement of j(r), the best alternative is a determination of the poloidal field. Measurements of the precision (0.1 degrees -0.01 degrees in magnetic pitch angle and 1-10 ms) necessary to address issues of stability and control and provide constraints for EFIT are difficult to do in the region of interest (rho = 0.9-1.1). Using Zeeman polarization spectroscopy of the 2S-2P lithium resonance line emission from the DIII-D LIBEAM [D. M. Thomas, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 806 (1995); D. M. Thomas, A. W. Hyatt, and M. P. Thomas, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61, 340 (1990)] measurements of the various field components may be made to the necessary precision in exactly the region of interest to these studies. Because of the negligible Stark mixing of the relevant atomic levels, this method of determining j(r) is insensitive to the large local electric fields typically found in enhanced confinement (H mode) edges, and thus avoids an ambiguity common to motional Stark effect measurements of B. Key issues for utilizing this technique include good beam quality, an optimum viewing geometry, and a suitable optical prefilter to isolate the polarized emission line. A prospective diagnostic system for the DIII-D AT program will be described. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Palomar Coll, San Marcos, CA USA. RP Thomas, DM (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1023 EP 1027 DI 10.1063/1.1319612 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600166 ER PT J AU Burrell, KH Kaplan, DH Gohil, P Nilson, DG Groebner, RJ Thomas, DM AF Burrell, KH Kaplan, DH Gohil, P Nilson, DG Groebner, RJ Thomas, DM TI Improved charge coupled device detectors for the edge charge exchange spectroscopy system on the DIII-D tokamak SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID PLASMA ION TEMPERATURE; RADIAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; RECOMBINATION SPECTROSCOPY; POLOIDAL ROTATION; HIGH MODE; TRANSPORT; TRANSITION; LINE; JET AB Charge exchange spectroscopy is one of the key ion diagnostics on the DIII-D tokamak. It allows measurement of impurity densities, toroidal and poloidal rotation speeds, ion temperatures, and the radial electric field. For the 2000 experimental campaign, we have replaced the intensified photodiode array detectors on the edge portion of the system with advanced charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors mounted on faster (f/4.7) Czerny-Turner spectrometers equipped with toroidal mirrors. The combination has improved the photoelectron signal level by about a factor of 20 and the signal to noise by a factor of 2-8, depending on the absolute signal level and readout mode. A major portion of the signal level improvement comes from the improved quantum efficiency of the back-illuminated, thinned CCD detector (70% to 85% quantum efficiency for the CCD versus 10% for the image intensifier) with the remainder coming from the faster spectrometer. The CCD camera also allows shorter minimum integration times: 0.33 ms while archiving to computer memory and 0.15 ms using temporary storage on the CCD chip. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Burrell, KH (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 24 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1028 EP 1033 DI 10.1063/1.1319363 PN 2 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600167 ER PT J AU Donne, AJH Jaspers, R Barth, CJ Bindslev, H Elzendoorn, BSQ van Gorkom, JC van der Meiden, HJ Oyevaar, T van de Pol, MJ Udintsev, VS Widdershoven, HLM Biel, W Finken, KH Kramer-Flecken, A Kreter, A Oosterbeek, H Schweer, B Unterberg, B Deng, BH Domier, CW Luhmann, NC Mazzucato, E Munsat, T Park, H Porte, L Woskov, P Shmaenok, L AF Donne, AJH Jaspers, R Barth, CJ Bindslev, H Elzendoorn, BSQ van Gorkom, JC van der Meiden, HJ Oyevaar, T van de Pol, MJ Udintsev, VS Widdershoven, HLM Biel, W Finken, KH Kramer-Flecken, A Kreter, A Oosterbeek, H Schweer, B Unterberg, B Deng, BH Domier, CW Luhmann, NC Mazzucato, E Munsat, T Park, H Porte, L Woskov, P Shmaenok, L TI New diagnostics for physics studies on TEXTOR-94 (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma Diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, AZ SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID MAGNETIC ISLANDS; TOKAMAK; DENSITY; TRANSPORT; RTP AB Recently the Dutch, Belgian, and North-Rhine Westphalian Fusion Institutes have consolidated their fusion research on the medium-sized tokamak TEXTOR-94 in the so-called Trilateral Euregio Cluster. To aid the new physics program of TEC, a large number of advanced core diagnostics has recently been implemented. In this article we will discuss the reasoning that has led to the choices of the various diagnostics. Furthermore, we will briefly describe the new diagnostics systems. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 FOM, EURATOM Assoc, Inst Plasmafys Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Plasma Phys, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Phystex, NL-3437 AC Nieuwegein, Netherlands. RP FOM, EURATOM Assoc, Inst Plasmafys Rijnhuizen, POB 1207, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. OI Unterberg, Bernhard/0000-0003-0866-957X NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1046 EP 1053 PN 2 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600170 ER PT J AU Holcomb, CT Jarboe, TR Mattick, AT Hill, DN McLean, H Wood, RD Cellamare, V Bulmer, RH Hooper, EB AF Holcomb, CT Jarboe, TR Mattick, AT Hill, DN McLean, H Wood, RD Cellamare, V Bulmer, RH Hooper, EB TI Nonperturbing field profile measurements of a sustained spheromak SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci AB In this article we discuss the measurement of the field profile in the sustained spheromak physics experiment (SSPX). We have built a transient internal probe (TIP) diagnostic to measure the internal field profile in a SSPX plasma sustained by dc coaxial helicity injection. TIP is a diagnostic that makes a spatially resolved (i.e., not chord averaged) measurement of the local magnetic field using Faraday rotation. A 1-cm by 4-mm-diameter verdet probe is fired through the plasma at about 2 km/s by a two-stage light gas gun. The probe is illuminated by an argon ion laser throughout the traverse of the plasma-the retro-reflected light is then analyzed with an ellipsometer to determine the field at each location. The speed, small size of the probe, and the probe cladding make this measurement possible even in hot plasmas (100 s of eV). The measurement is accurate enough (1 MHz, +/-7 G, 1-cm spatial resolution) to map out magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) mode amplitudes from the edge to the magnetic axis. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Holcomb, CT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1054 EP 1058 DI 10.1063/1.1321741 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600171 ER PT J AU Wang, ZH Wurden, GA Barnes, CW Buchenauer, CJ McLean, HS Hill, DN Hooper, EB Wood, RD Woodruff, S AF Wang, ZH Wurden, GA Barnes, CW Buchenauer, CJ McLean, HS Hill, DN Hooper, EB Wood, RD Woodruff, S TI Density and H-alpha diagnostics and results for the sustained spheromak physics experiment SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID ENERGY CONFINEMENT; OPPORTUNITIES; HELICITY AB A newly installed density diagnostic using CO2 laser interferometry and an H-alpha diagnostic using interference filters and photomultiplier tubes for the recently constructed sustained spheromak physics experiment (SSPX) are described. First diagnostic results of the H-alpha diagnostic were useful to understand the breakdown physics in the new SSPX experiments. Low-noise density data validates techniques to reduce vibration and electronic pickup. The data-processing electronics of the new interferometer can yield unambiguous density data that is equivalent to 16 fringe shifts. Density data is also critical to understand the particle source, and the J/n(e) parameter for SSPX. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wang, ZH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1059 EP 1062 DI 10.1063/1.1319364 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600172 ER PT J AU Hughes, JW Mossessian, DA Hubbard, AE Marmar, ES Johnson, D Simon, D AF Hughes, JW Mossessian, DA Hubbard, AE Marmar, ES Johnson, D Simon, D TI High-resolution edge Thomson scattering measurements on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID SYSTEM AB A high-resolution Thomson scattering diagnostic is in operation on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, measuring radial profiles of electron temperature and density at the plasma edge. Photons are scattered from a Nd-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser beam pulsed at 30 Hz (1.3 J, 8 ns pulse), and are measured by a filter polychromator with four spectral channels. The polychromator measures T-e in the range of 15-800 eV and n(e) of 0.3-3 x 10(20) m(-3). Twenty scattering volumes are located about the last closed flux surface, spaced for a nominal resolution of 1.3 mm in midplane radial coordinates. High resolution is essential for measuring edge T-e and n(e) profiles on C-Mod, since these quantities exhibit gradient scale lengths as small as 2 mm in H mode. The steep profiles at the H mode edge are fit to a parameterized pedestal function for ease of analysis. Measured profiles are compared with edge profiles from electron cyclotron emission and visible continuum diagnostics. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Hughes, JW (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 9 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1107 EP 1110 DI 10.1063/1.1319367 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600183 ER PT J AU Johnson, DW LeBlanc, BP Long, DL Renda, G AF Johnson, DW LeBlanc, BP Long, DL Renda, G TI APD detector electronics for the NSTX Thomson scattering system SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID TOKAMAK AB An electronics system has been installed and tested for the readout of avalanche photodiode (APD) detectors for the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) Thomson scattering system. Similar to previous designs, it features preamps with a fast and a slow output. The fast output uses pulse shaping to optimize sensitivity for the 8 ns scattered light pulse while rejecting noise in the intrinsic plasma background. A low readout noise of similar to 25 photoelectrons is achieved at an APD gain of 75. The design incorporates a number of features to provide flexibility for various modes of calibration. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Princeton Sci Instruments, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1129 EP 1132 DI 10.1063/1.1321751 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600189 ER PT J AU Kondoh, T Lee, S Hutchinson, DP Richards, RK AF Kondoh, T Lee, S Hutchinson, DP Richards, RK TI Collective Thomson scattering using a pulsed CO2 laser in JT-60U SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID ION TEMPERATURE; RADIATION; PLASMA AB A collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostic system using a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has been developed for the purpose of establishing measurement technique of ion temperature and fast alpha particle in a fusion reaction plasma. A pulsed CO2 laser (15 J, 1 mus at 10.6 mum) and a heterodyne receiver with a stray light notch filter has been successfully installed. The noise equivalent power of the heterodyne receiver is below 9 x 10(-19) W/Hz up to a frequency of 8 GHz. A six-channel filter bank analyzes the spectrum of the scattered light in the frequency range from 0.4 to 4.5 GHz to measure ion temperature and to detect fast ions generated by negative-ion source neutral beam injection of the JT-60U (Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokamak 60-Upgrade) plasmas [S. Ishida, JT-60U Team, Nucl. Fusion 39, 1211 (1999)]. Test of the CTS system by injecting the CO2 laser into the vacuum vessel of JT-60U has started. Stray light signal around the JT-60U vacuum vessel was detected and optimization of the optical alignment has proceeded. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kondoh, T (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1143 EP 1146 DI 10.1063/1.1322616 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600192 ER PT J AU Zweben, SJ Caird, J Davis, W Johnson, DW Le Blanc, BP AF Zweben, SJ Caird, J Davis, W Johnson, DW Le Blanc, BP TI Plasma turbulence imaging using high-power laser Thomson scattering SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID SYSTEM AB The two-dimensional (2D) structure of plasma density turbulence in a magnetically confined plasma can potentially be measured using a Thomson scattering system made from components of the Nova laser of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. For a plasma such as the National Spherical Torus Experiment at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, the laser would form an approximate to 10-cm-wide plane sheet beam passing vertically through the chamber across the magnetic field. The scattered light would be imaged by a charge coupled device camera viewing along the direction of the magnetic field. The laser energy required to make 2D images of density turbulence is in the range 1-3 kJ, which can potentially be obtained from a set of frequency-doubled Nd:glass amplifiers with diameters in the range of 208-315 mm. A laser pulse width of less than or equal to 100 ns would be short enough to capture the highest frequency components of the expected density fluctuations. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zweben, SJ (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. OI Davis, William/0000-0003-0666-7247 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1151 EP 1154 DI 10.1063/1.1319369 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600194 ER PT J AU Nash, TJ Derzon, MS Chandler, GA Fehl, DL Leeper, RJ Porter, JL Spielman, RB Ruiz, C Cooper, G McGurn, J Hurst, M Jobe, D Torres, J Seaman, J Struve, K Lazier, S Gilliland, T Ruggles, LA Simpson, WA Adams, R Seaman, JA Wenger, D Nielsen, D Riley, P French, R Stygar, B Wagoner, T Sanford, TWL Mock, R Asay, J Hall, C Knudson, M Armijo, J McKenney, J Hawn, R Schroen-Carey, D Hebron, D Cutler, T Dropinski, S Deeney, C LePell, PD Coverdale, CA Douglas, M Cuneo, M Hanson, D Bailey, JE Lake, P Carlson, A Wakefield, C Mills, J Slopek, J Dinwoodie, T Idzorek, G AF Nash, TJ Derzon, MS Chandler, GA Fehl, DL Leeper, RJ Porter, JL Spielman, RB Ruiz, C Cooper, G McGurn, J Hurst, M Jobe, D Torres, J Seaman, J Struve, K Lazier, S Gilliland, T Ruggles, LA Simpson, WA Adams, R Seaman, JA Wenger, D Nielsen, D Riley, P French, R Stygar, B Wagoner, T Sanford, TWL Mock, R Asay, J Hall, C Knudson, M Armijo, J McKenney, J Hawn, R Schroen-Carey, D Hebron, D Cutler, T Dropinski, S Deeney, C LePell, PD Coverdale, CA Douglas, M Cuneo, M Hanson, D Bailey, JE Lake, P Carlson, A Wakefield, C Mills, J Slopek, J Dinwoodie, T Idzorek, G TI Diagnostics on Z (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID Z-FACILITY; PINCH PLASMAS; CALIBRATION; PACKAGE; POWER AB The 100 ns, 20 MA pinch-driver Z is surrounded by an extensive set of diagnostics. There are nine radial lines of sight set at 12 degrees above horizontal and each of these may be equipped with up to five diagnostic ports. Instruments routinely fielded viewing the pinch from the side with these ports include x-ray diode arrays, photoconducting detector arrays, bolometers, transmission grating spectrometers, time-resolved x-ray pinhole cameras, x-ray crystal spectrometers, calorimeters, silicon photodiodes, and neutron detectors. A diagnostic package fielded on axis for viewing internal pinch radiation consists of nine lines of sight. This package accommodates virtually the same diagnostics as the radial ports. Other diagnostics not fielded on the axial or radial ports include current B-dot monitors, filtered x-ray scintillators coupled by fiber optics to streak cameras, streaked visible spectroscopy, velocity interferometric system for any reflector, bremsstrahlung cameras, and active shock breakout measurement of hohlraum temperature. The data acquisition system is capable of recording up to 500 channels and the data from each shot is available on the Internet. A major new diagnostic presently under construction is the BEAMLET backlighter. We will briefly describe each of these diagnostics and present some of the highest-quality data from them. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nash, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1167 EP 1172 DI 10.1063/1.1322618 PN 2 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600198 ER PT J AU Bourgade, JL Villette, B Bocher, JL Boutin, JY Chiche, S Dague, N Gontier, D Jadaud, JP Savale, B Wrobel, R Turner, RE AF Bourgade, JL Villette, B Bocher, JL Boutin, JY Chiche, S Dague, N Gontier, D Jadaud, JP Savale, B Wrobel, R Turner, RE TI DMX: An absolutely calibrated time-resolved broadband soft x-ray spectrometer designed for MJ class laser-produced plasmas (invited) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; DETECTORS; REGION AB In high flux (10(13-15) W/cm(2)) laser-plasma interaction, a large part of the incoming laser energy is radiated into soft x-rays. To determine both the shape of this spectrum and the conversion efficiency, we have designed and tested an absolutely calibrated broadband soft x-ray spectrometer with a high temporal resolution (100 ps). The detector in this spectrometer is a new coaxial x-ray diode coupled with a fast single shot oscilloscope (French IN7100 with 7 GHz frequency response cutoff). Both absolute calibrations (x-ray response of diodes) and relative calibrations (filters and mirrors) have used the French synchrotron beam lines at Laboratoire pour l'utilisation du Rayonnement Electromagnetique (LURE) in Orsay. The initial version of this instrument was first successfully implemented on laser plasmas experiments at the Phebus facility in France and an improved version is now operating at the Omega laser facility in Rochester, New York. The emitted x-ray spectrum is absolutely measured in 18 broad bands from 50 eV up to 20 keV. The softer bands (<1.5 keV) combine mirror and filter responses coupled with the coaxial diode response to improve hard x-ray rejection. Intermediate energy channels (1.5 keV 5 keV) we replace the x-ray diode (not sufficiently sensitive) with a photoconductive detector (neutron-damaged GaAs). An equivalent instrument will be designed for the future National Ignition Facility (NIF) in the United States and the Laser Megajoule (LMJ) in France. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 CEA, DAM Ile France, F-92160 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bourgade, JL (reprint author), CEA, DAM Ile France, BP 12, F-92160 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. NR 35 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1173 EP 1182 DI 10.1063/1.1324744 PN 2 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600199 ER PT J AU Lanier, NE Gerhardt, SP Den Hartog, DJ AF Lanier, NE Gerhardt, SP Den Hartog, DJ TI Low-cost, robust, filtered spectrometer for absolute intensity measurements in the soft x-ray region SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID SIMPLE MULTIFOIL SPECTROMETER; POLOIDAL CURRENT DRIVE; REVERSED-FIELD PINCH AB We have developed a low-cost, robust, multifoil-filtered spectrometer to provide absolute measurements of low-Z impurity concentrations in the Madison Symmetric Torus reversed-field pinch. The spectrometer utilizes an array of six thin-film coated soft x-ray diodes. Each multilayered coating is specifically tailored to isolate the K-shell emission lines of H- and He-like oxygen, carbon, and aluminum. With calibrations obtained via a synchrotron source, absolute measurements of photon flux have been made. We address the technical aspects of this diagnostic and present impurity data from both standard and high-confinement plasma discharges. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lanier, NE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1188 EP 1191 DI 10.1063/1.1322619 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600201 ER PT J AU Olson, RE Sanford, TWL Chandler, GA Leeper, RJ Mock, RC McGurn, JS Lazier, SE Armijo, JC Dropinski, S Ruggles, LE Simpson, WW Torres, JA Wakefield, C AF Olson, RE Sanford, TWL Chandler, GA Leeper, RJ Mock, RC McGurn, JS Lazier, SE Armijo, JC Dropinski, S Ruggles, LE Simpson, WW Torres, JA Wakefield, C TI Hohlraum temperature inference via measurement of aluminum shock velocity and time- and spatially resolved x-ray re-emission SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID NOVA AB The radiation field in a hohlraum (4 mm diameterx4 mm length) with a similar to 10 TW x-ray input has been simultaneously measured by two independent techniques. An active shock breakout measurement of radiation-driven shock velocity in aluminum indicates a peak radiation field with incident flux equivalent to a Planckian distribution with a temperature of 147 +/-3 eV. In the same experiment, a time- and spatially resolved measurement of x-ray re-emission from the gold hohlraum wall indicates re-emission flux equivalent to a Planckian brightness temperature of 145 +/-5 eV. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Olson, RE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1214 EP 1216 DI 10.1063/1.1324747 PN 2 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600207 ER PT J AU Ruggles, LE Cuneo, ME Porter, JL Wenger, DF Simpson, WW AF Ruggles, LE Cuneo, ME Porter, JL Wenger, DF Simpson, WW TI Measurement of the efficiency of gold transmission gratings in the 100 to 5000 eV photon energy range SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci AB Three x-ray spectrometers, each with a transmission grating dispersion element, are routinely used at the Z soft x-ray facility to measure the spectrum and temporal history of the absolute soft x-ray power emitted from z-pinch and hohlraum radiation sources. Our goal is to make these measurements within an accuracy of +/- 10%. We periodically characterize the efficiency of the gratings used in the spectrometers by using an electron-impact soft x-ray source, a monochromator, grazing-incidence mirrors, thin filters, and an x-ray charge-coupled device (CCD) detector. We measure the transmission efficiency of the gratings at many photon energies for several grating orders. For each grating, we calculate efficiency as a function of photon energy using published optical constants of gold and multiple-slit Fraunhofer diffraction theory and fit the calculation to the measurements using the physical parameters of the grating as variables. This article describes the measurement apparatus and calibration techniques, discusses the grating efficiency calculation and fitting procedure, and presents recent results. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ruggles, LE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1218 EP 1222 DI 10.1063/1.1324748 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600208 ER PT J AU Heeter, RF Bailey, JE Cuneo, ME Emig, J Foord, ME Springer, PT Thoe, RS AF Heeter, RF Bailey, JE Cuneo, ME Emig, J Foord, ME Springer, PT Thoe, RS TI Plasma diagnostics for x-ray driven foils at Z SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID EMISSION; SPECTRA; POWER AB We report the development of techniques to diagnose plasmas produced by x-ray photoionization of thin foils placed near the Z-pinch on the Sandia Z Machine. The development of 100+ TW x-ray sources enables access to novel plasma regimes, such as the photoionization equilibrium. To diagnose these plasmas one must simultaneously characterize both the foil and the driving pinch. The desired photoionized plasma equilibrium is only reached transiently for a 2-ns window, placing stringent requirements on diagnostic synchronization. We have adapted existing Sandia diagnostics and fielded an additional gated three-crystal Johann spectrometer with dual lines of sight to meet these requirements. We present sample data from experiments using 1-cm, 180-eV tungsten pinches to photoionize foils made of 200 Angstrom Fe and 300 Angstrom NaF co-mixed and sandwiched between 1000 Angstrom layers of Lexan (C16H14O3), and discuss the application of this work to benchmarking astrophysical models. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Heeter, RF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1224 EP 1227 DI 10.1063/1.1324749 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600209 ER PT J AU MacFarlane, JJ Bailey, JE Mehlhorn, TA Chandler, GA Nash, TJ Deeney, C Douglas, MR AF MacFarlane, JJ Bailey, JE Mehlhorn, TA Chandler, GA Nash, TJ Deeney, C Douglas, MR TI Simulating the radiation environment in Z experiments using a 3D view factor code with 1D radiation-hydrodynamics emission modeling SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; TETRAHEDRAL HOHLRAUMS AB We present an approach for simulating the multidimensional radiation environment in Z-pinch hohlraums at the Sandia Z facility. In this approach we use a three-dimensional (3D) view factor code to compute the incident flux distribution onto all surface elements of the view factor grid. At each surface element, the frequency-dependent re-emission is computed by performing a one-dimensional (1D) radiation-hydrodynamics simulation for the element. The pinch radiation source is treated as a uniformly emitting cylinder, with a size and emission flux given by the experimentally measured time-dependent radius and radiation power. Here, we describe our modeling procedure, and present results from simulations of Z experiments in which a plastic-tamped aluminum foil was located in an open slot in the Z-pinch hohlraum (i.e., the return current structure). We also discuss the sensitivity of the Al plasma conditions to the incident spectrum onto the sample and the re-emission characteristics of the hohlraum walls. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53703 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP MacFarlane, JJ (reprint author), Prism Computat Sci, Madison, WI 53703 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1228 EP 1231 DI 10.1063/1.1324750 PN 2 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600210 ER PT J AU Yasuike, K Key, MH Hatchett, SP Snavely, RA Wharton, KB AF Yasuike, K Key, MH Hatchett, SP Snavely, RA Wharton, KB TI Hot electron diagnostic in a solid laser target by K-shell lines measurement from ultraintense laser-plasma interactions (3x10(20) W/cm(2),<= 400 J) SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Topical Conference on High-Temperature Plasma diagnostics CY JUN 18-22, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA SP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inertial Confinement Fus & Radiat Phys Program, Gen Atom, Amer Phys Soc, Div Plasma Phys, US DOE, Off Fus Energy Sci, US DOE, Off Def Sci ID HIGH-CONTRAST; W/CM(2); PULSES AB Characterization of hot electron production from an ultraintense laser-solid target plasma interaction by using a buried molybdenum K-shell fluor layer technique has been reported. Laser energy was typically 400 J and its intensity was from 2 x 10(18) up to 3 x 10(20) W cm(-2) at 20 TW to 1 PW laser power by changing pulse duration from 20 ps down to 0.5 ps. X-ray background noise level was significantly greater, i.e., gamma flash, in the shorter pulse experiments. Data analysis procedures for the experiments were developed. The conversion efficiency from the laser energy into the energy, carried by hot electrons, has been estimated to be similar to 50% at 3 x 10(20) W cm(-2) laser intensity, higher than similar to 18% at 10(19) W cm(-2) and similar to 12% at 2 x 10(18) W cm(-2) intensity. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Yasuike, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 72 IS 1 BP 1236 EP 1240 DI 10.1063/1.1319373 PN 2 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 387VB UT WOS:000166141600212 ER PT S AU Markwiese, JT Ryti, RT Hooten, MM Michael, DI Hlohowskyj, I AF Markwiese, JT Ryti, RT Hooten, MM Michael, DI Hlohowskyj, I BE Ware, GW TI Toxicity bioassays for ecological risk assessment in arid and semiarid ecosystems SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLGY SE Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology LA English DT Review ID FOLSOMIA-FIMETARIA COLLEMBOLA; CONTAMINATED GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; INDUCED COMMUNITY TOLERANCE; NORTHERN CHIHUAHUAN DESERT; SOIL-DWELLING SPRINGTAIL; ISOPODS ONISCUS-ASELLUS; IRON-REDUCING BACTERIA; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGY; LITTER DECOMPOSITION C1 Neptune & Co Inc, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Markwiese, JT (reprint author), Neptune & Co Inc, 1505 15th St,Suite B, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 175 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0179-5953 BN 0-387-95138-5 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T JI Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PY 2001 VL 168 BP 43 EP 98 PG 56 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BR63R UT WOS:000166991200002 PM 12882227 ER PT J AU Opresko, DM Young, RA Watson, AP Faust, RA Talmage, SS Ross, RA Davidson, KA King, J Hauschild, V AF Opresko, DM Young, RA Watson, AP Faust, RA Talmage, SS Ross, RA Davidson, KA King, J Hauschild, V TI Chemical warfare agents: Current status of oral reference doses SO REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATIONAND TOXICOLOGY, VOL 172 SE REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. USA, Army Environm Ctr, Attn SFIM AEC IR P, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Attn MCHB TS EES, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Watson, AP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1060 Commerce Pk Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0179-5953 J9 REV ENVIRON CONTAM T PY 2001 VL 172 BP 65 EP 85 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BT01L UT WOS:000171629900003 ER PT J AU Creutz, M AF Creutz, M TI Aspects of chiral symmetry and the lattice SO REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID GINSPARG-WILSON RELATION; DOMAIN-WALL FERMIONS; EXACTLY MASSLESS QUARKS; OVERLAP DIRAC OPERATOR; JONA-LASINIO MODEL; ART. NO. 074501; GAUGE-THEORIES; SPONTANEOUS BREAKING; FLAVOR SYMMETRY; CURRENT-ALGEBRA AB This article is a pedagogical exploration of the nonperturbative issues entwining lattice gauge theory, anomalies, and chiral symmetry. After briefly reviewing the importance of chiral symmetry in particle physics the author discusses how anomalies complicate lattice formulations. Considerable information can be deduced from effective chiral Lagrangians, helping interpret the expectations for lattice models and elucidating the role of the CP-violating parameter Theta. One particularly elegant scheme for exploring this physics on the lattice is presented in some detail. This uses an auxiliary extra space-time dimension, with the physical world being a four-dimensional interface. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM creutz@bnl.gov NR 125 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0034-6861 EI 1539-0756 J9 REV MOD PHYS JI Rev. Mod. Phys. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 73 IS 1 BP 119 EP 150 DI 10.1103/RevModPhys.73.119 PG 32 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 411UV UT WOS:000167518400005 ER PT J AU Stevens, A AF Stevens, A TI 5 '-exoribonuclease 1: Xrn 1 SO RIBONUCLEASES, PT B SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LACKING 5'->3' EXORIBONUCLEASE-1; STRAND EXCHANGE PROTEIN-1; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; YEAST-CELLS; GENE; EXONUCLEASE; DNA; DEADENYLATION; PURIFICATION; REQUIREMENT C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Stevens, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2001 VL 342 BP 251 EP 259 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BT06C UT WOS:000171842900020 PM 11586897 ER PT S AU Kastenmayer, JP Johnson, MA Green, PJ AF Kastenmayer, JP Johnson, MA Green, PJ BE Nicholson, AW TI Analysis of XRN orthologs by complementation of yeast mutants and localization of XRN-GFP fusion proteins SO RIBONUCLEASES, PT B SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review ID LACKING 5'->3' EXORIBONUCLEASE-1; MESSENGER-RNA INSTABILITY; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; DEADENYLATION; TOBACCO; IDENTIFICATION; ARABIDOPSIS C1 Michigan State Univ, DOE Plant Res Lab, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. RP Michigan State Univ, DOE Plant Res Lab, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 0-12-182243-5 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2001 VL 342 BP 269 EP 282 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BT06C UT WOS:000171842900022 PM 11586899 ER PT J AU Ostrovsky, LA Johnson, PA AF Ostrovsky, LA Johnson, PA TI Dynamic nonlinear elasticity in geomaterials SO RIVISTA DEL NUOVO CIMENTO LA English DT Article ID HIGHER-ORDER NONLINEARITY; PULSED WAVE-PROPAGATION; DISCERN MATERIAL DAMAGE; GRANULAR MEDIA; SEDIMENTARY-ROCKS; SEISMIC ATTENUATION; BEREA SANDSTONE; NEWS TECHNIQUES; ACOUSTIC-WAVES; SLOW DYNAMICS C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys Appl, Nizhnii Novgorod 603600, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Ostrovsky, LA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Ostrovsky, Lev/0000-0003-2233-1305 NR 99 TC 161 Z9 172 U1 4 U2 17 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 0393-697X EI 1826-9850 J9 RIV NUOVO CIMENTO JI Riv. Nuovo Cimento PY 2001 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1 EP 46 PG 46 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 483DP UT WOS:000171618700001 ER PT B AU Nakagawa, S Myer, LR AF Nakagawa, S Myer, LR BE Elsworth, D Tinucci, JP Heasley, KA TI Mechanical and acoustic properties of weakly cemented granular rocks SO ROCK MECHANICS IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th US Rock Mechanics Symposium (DC Rocks 2001) CY JUL 07-10, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Rock Mech Assoc ID CYLINDRICAL OPENINGS; DEFORMATION; FRACTURE AB This paper presents the results of laboratory measurements on the mechanical and acoustic properties of weakly cemented granular rock. Artificial rock samples were fabricated by cementing sand and glass beads with sodium silicate binder. During uniaxial compression tests, the rock samples showed stress-strain behavior which was more similar to that of soils than competent rocks, exhibiting large permanent deformations with frictional slip. The mechanical behavior of the samples approached that of competent rocks as the amount of binder was increased, For very weak samples, acoustic waves propagating in these rocks showed very low velocities of less than 1000 m/sec for compressional waves. A borehole made within this weakly cemented rock exhibited a unique mode of failure that is called "anti-KI mode fracture" in this paper. The effect of cementation, grain type, and boundary conditions on this mode of failure was also examined experimentally. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nakagawa, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-827-7 PY 2001 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BT08E UT WOS:000171891200001 ER PT B AU Fredrich, JT Holland, JF Fossum, AF Bruno, MS AF Fredrich, JT Holland, JF Fossum, AF Bruno, MS BE Elsworth, D Tinucci, JP Heasley, KA TI One-way coupled reservoir-geomechanical modeling of the lost hills oil field, California SO ROCK MECHANICS IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th US Rock Mechanics Symposium (DC Rocks 2001) CY JUL 07-10, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Rock Mech Assoc AB We describe coupled reservoir-geomechanical modeling of production at the Lost Hills oil field. We first review a database that was developed to discern the depth distribution of casing damage and to motivate model development. We then describe the development of constitutive models for the overburden formations, reservoir formations, and underlying strata. 3D reservoir fluid flow and geomechanical models that cover portions of Sections 4, 5, 32, and 33 were developed. Black oil reservoir simulations were performed that included 229 wells and modeled 17 years of primary production and waterflooding. The time-dependent reservoir pressures were then used as input to non-linear finite element geomechanical simulations. The simulations predict surface subsidence and shearing displacements in the subsurface that can result in well casing damage. Multiple simulations were performed to assess sensitivity to the initial stress state and to the friction coefficient at the contact surfaces that are used to model the behavior of thin claystones. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fredrich, JT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-827-7 PY 2001 BP 181 EP 188 PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BT08E UT WOS:000171891200024 ER PT B AU Antoun, TH Lomov, IN Glenn, LA AF Antoun, TH Lomov, IN Glenn, LA BE Elsworth, D Tinucci, JP Heasley, KA TI Development and application of a strength and damage model for rock under dynamic loading SO ROCK MECHANICS IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th US Rock Mechanics Symposium (DC Rocks 2001) CY JUL 07-10, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Rock Mech Assoc AB Simulating the behavior of geologic materials under impact loading conditions requires the use of a constitutive model that includes the effects of bulking, yielding, damage, porous compaction and loading rate on the material response. This paper describes the development, implementation and calibration of a thermodynamically consistent constitutive model that incorporates these features. The paper also describes a computational study in which the model was used to perform numerical simulations of PILE DRIVER, a deeply-buried underground nuclear explosion detonated in granite at the Nevada Test Site. Particle velocity histories, peak velocity and peak displacement as a function of slant range obtained from the code simulations compare favorably with PILE DRIVER data. The simulated attenuation of peak velocity and peak displacement also agrees with the results from several other spherical wave experiments in granite. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Antoun, TH (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-827-7 PY 2001 BP 369 EP 374 PG 6 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BT08E UT WOS:000171891200048 ER PT B AU Holcomb, DJ Hardy, RD AF Holcomb, DJ Hardy, RD BE Elsworth, D Tinucci, JP Heasley, KA TI Assessing the Disturbed Rock Zone (DRZ) at the WIPP (Waste Isolation Pilot Plant) in salt using ultrasonic waves SO ROCK MECHANICS IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th US Rock Mechanics Symposium (DC Rocks 2001) CY JUL 07-10, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Rock Mech Assoc AB Measurements of elastic wave velocities parallel and perpendicular to the rib (wall) of a drift at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) were made to map out the extent of the zone disturbed by the excavation and time-dependent processes in the 10+ years since the drift was excavated. Understanding the development of the Disturbed Rock Zone (DRZ) is relevant to the eventual scaling of the WIPP. A DRZ was found that extended in as much as two meters from the drift, with the extent being a function of distance from the back and floor of the drift. Observed decreases in elastic wave velocity near the free surface exceeded 20%, implying high instantaneous and/or time-dependent damage. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Holcomb, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-827-7 PY 2001 BP 489 EP 496 PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BT08E UT WOS:000171891200064 ER PT B AU Bryan, CR Hansen, FD Chapin, DM Snider, AC AF Bryan, CR Hansen, FD Chapin, DM Snider, AC BE Elsworth, D Tinucci, JP Heasley, KA TI Characteristics of the Disturbed Rock Zone in salt at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant SO ROCK MECHANICS IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th US Rock Mechanics Symposium (DC Rocks 2001) CY JUL 07-10, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Rock Mech Assoc AB The disturbed rock zone surrounding underground openings in salt provides a path of increased permeability, which could bypass seals or closure systems. Compliance application performance assessment calculations include characteristics and parameters of the disturbed rock zone which model brine influx into the disposal room and influence important evolutionary processes. Quantification of spatial and temporal characteristics plays a vital role in verification and validation of calculational and predictive methodologies. This paper presents petrophysical evidence derived from laboratory observations and compares the results to hydrological and geophysical measurements. The composite of related studies, when completed, will provide a hydrologic profile for model validation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bryan, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-827-7 PY 2001 BP 511 EP 516 PG 6 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BT08E UT WOS:000171891200067 ER PT B AU Blair, SC Carlson, SR Wagoner, JL AF Blair, SC Carlson, SR Wagoner, JL BE Elsworth, D Tinucci, JP Heasley, KA TI Distinct element modeling of the drift scale test SO ROCK MECHANICS IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th US Rock Mechanics Symposium (DC Rocks 2001) CY JUL 07-10, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Rock Mech Assoc AB The Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project is conducting a drift-scale heater test, known as the Drift Scale Test (DST), in an alcove of the Exploratory Studies Facility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. We have developed a drift-scale distinct element model (DSDE) and are using the model to analyze the geomechanical response of the rock mass forming the DST, We simulated the DST as both a continuum and a fractured rock mass. The fractures incorporated in the simulations were derived from a fracture data set mapped using borehole televiewer logs. We have compared predicted deformation to deformation measured in the DST using multiple point borehole extensometers (MPBX). Preliminary analysis shows that simulated deformations for both continuum and discontinuum models generally match the magnitude of the measured deformations. The simulations generally underpredict the deformation during the first year of heating, indicating that the thermal model used for the simulations needs improvement. Results show that a thermal expansion coefficient of 4x10(-6)/degreesC may be appropriate for the fractured rock mass. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Blair, SC (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-827-7 PY 2001 BP 527 EP 531 PG 5 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BT08E UT WOS:000171891200069 ER PT B AU Howard, C Johnston, R Taylor, R AF Howard, C Johnston, R Taylor, R BE Elsworth, D Tinucci, JP Heasley, KA TI Pilot-scale thermal tests of drip shield configuration for the Yucca Mountain project SO ROCK MECHANICS IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th US Rock Mechanics Symposium (DC Rocks 2001) CY JUL 07-10, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Rock Mech Assoc AB The Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project has completed two pilot-scale tests of the potential repository drip shield configuration over waste packages. One test included backfill over the drip shield and one did not. Both tests were constructed at 1/4 scale of the potential repository emplacement drift dimensions, and both employed heaters to control temperatures of the simulated drift wall and simulated waste package. Test results confirmed that the drip shield would function as intended by design. No appreciable water penetrated the drip shield structures; no condensation was detected under the drip shields. Temperature differences from natural convection were measured on the simulated waste package and drip shield. Water vapor pressure throughout the test cells varied by about 10%. The calculated dew point temperatures were always below temperatures on the simulated waste package and drip shield. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Howard, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-827-7 PY 2001 BP 599 EP 604 PG 6 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BT08E UT WOS:000171891200078 ER PT B AU Webb, SW George, JT Finley, RE AF Webb, SW George, JT Finley, RE BE Elsworth, D Tinucci, JP Heasley, KA TI Pilot-scale evaluation of engineered barrier systems for the Yucca Mountain project SO ROCK MECHANICS IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th US Rock Mechanics Symposium (DC Rocks 2001) CY JUL 07-10, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Rock Mech Assoc ID CAPILLARY BARRIERS; PERFORMANCE; ANISOTROPY AB This paper describes two quarter-scale experiments (1.4 m diameter) and associated numerical analyses on granular backfill engineered barrier systems in support of the Yucca Mountain Project for the potential repository. The two configurations include a sloped capillary barrier and a plain backfill. The tests involve application of dyed water as a constant line infiltration source along the top of the test set-up, monitoring water movement through the test, and measuring water exiting the experiments. A complete water balance estimate is made for each test, and observed water movement is compared with (1) detailed numerical analyses conducted using the TOUGH2 code for unsaturated flow in porous media and (2) posttest observations. The results of the testing and analyses show that for the injection rates and configuration applied, the capillary barrier design diverts a significant amount of all injected water and the TOUGH2 pretest predictions show qualitative and quantitative agreement with the experimental data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Webb, SW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-827-7 PY 2001 BP 605 EP 612 PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BT08E UT WOS:000171891200079 ER PT B AU Rutqvist, J Noorishad, J Tsang, CF AF Rutqvist, J Noorishad, J Tsang, CF BE Elsworth, D Tinucci, JP Heasley, KA TI Coupled analysis of a THM field experiment in unsaturated buffer-rock system SO ROCK MECHANICS IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th US Rock Mechanics Symposium (DC Rocks 2001) CY JUL 07-10, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Rock Mech Assoc AB A fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) analysis is applied to predict the thermal, hydraulic and mechanical responses during an in situ heater experiment which simulates a nuclear waste deposition hole with waste over-pack and bentonite buffer, surrounded by fractured rock. Predicted system response - including temperature, moisture content, fluid pressure, stress, strain and displacement - are compared to field observations at sensors located both in the clay buffer and the surrounding near-field rock. An overall good agreement between modeling and measurements indicates that most thermo-hydro-mechanical responses are a fairly well captured by the coupled analysis. Most challenging is modeling of the mechanical behavior of the fractured rock, which locally is strongly dependent on heterogeneities in material properties. C1 Earnest Orlando Lawrence berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Rutqvist, J (reprint author), Earnest Orlando Lawrence berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-827-7 PY 2001 BP 621 EP 630 PG 10 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BT08E UT WOS:000171891200081 ER PT B AU Nihei, KT Nakagawa, S Myer, LR AF Nihei, KT Nakagawa, S Myer, LR BE Elsworth, D Tinucci, JP Heasley, KA TI Fracture imaging with converted elastic waves SO ROCK MECHANICS IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th US Rock Mechanics Symposium (DC Rocks 2001) CY JUL 07-10, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Rock Mech Assoc ID REVERSE-TIME MIGRATION; ROCK AB This paper examines the seismic signatures of discrete, finite-length fractures, and outlines an approach for elastic, prestack reverse-time imaging of discrete fractures. The results of this study highlight the importance of incorporating fracture-generated P-S converted waves into the imaging method, and presents an alternate imaging condition that can be used in elastic reverse-time imaging when a direct wave is recorded (e.g., for crosswell and VSP acquisition geometries). C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nihei, KT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-827-7 PY 2001 BP 1305 EP 1311 PG 7 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BT08E UT WOS:000171891200172 ER PT B AU Swift, RP Steedman, DW AF Swift, RP Steedman, DW BE Elsworth, D Tinucci, JP Heasley, KA TI Modeling underground structure vulnerability in jointed rock SO ROCK MECHANICS IN THE NATIONAL INTEREST, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th US Rock Mechanics Symposium (DC Rocks 2001) CY JUL 07-10, 2001 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Rock Mech Assoc ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS AB The vulnerability of underground structures and openings in deep jointed rock to ground shock attack is of chief concern to military planning and security. Damage and/or loss of stability to a structure in jointed rock, often manifested as brittle failure and accompanied with block movement, can depend significantly on jointed properties, such as spacing, orientation, strength, and block character. We apply a hybrid Discrete Element Method combined with the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics approach to simulate the MIGHTY NORTH event, a definitive high-explosive test performed on an aluminum lined cylindrical opening in jointed Salem limestone. Representing limestone with discrete elements having elastic-equivalence and explicit brittle tensile behavior and the liner as an elastic-plastic continuum provides good agreement with the experiment and damage obtained with finite-element simulations. Extending the approach to parameter variations shows damage is substantially altered by differences in joint geometry and liner properties. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Swift, RP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-2651-827-7 PY 2001 BP 1461 EP 1468 PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BT08E UT WOS:000171891200193 ER PT B AU King, AW Gardner, RH Hatfield, CA Naeem, S Petersen, JE Wiens, JA AF King, AW Gardner, RH Hatfield, CA Naeem, S Petersen, JE Wiens, JA BE Gardner, RH Kemp, WM Kennedy, VS Petersen, JE TI Terrestrial perspectives on issues of scale in experimental ecology SO SCALING RELATIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL ECOLOGY SE COMPLEXITY IN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Scaling Relations in Experimental Ecology CY DEC, 1997 CL ST MICHAELS, MD ID PLANT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; INCORPORATING SCALE; EARLY SUCCESSION; FOREST; HETEROGENEITY; VEGETATION; PATTERNS; FRAGMENTATION C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP King, AW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 85 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU COLUMBIA UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 562 WEST 113TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10025 USA BN 0-231-11498-2 J9 COM ECO SYS PY 2001 BP 281 EP 298 PG 18 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BS92K UT WOS:000171391900010 ER PT J AU Trivedi, R Liu, S Mazumder, P Simsek, E AF Trivedi, R. Liu, S. Mazumder, P. Simsek, E. TI Microstructure development in the directionally solidified Al-4.0 wt% Cu alloy system SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Al-40 wt% Cu alloy system; Microstructure; Numerical model AB The effect of convection on microstructure formation is examined experimentally and theoretically for the vertically upwards-directional solidification of Al-4.0 wt% Cu alloys. In this alloy system, the rejected solute is heavier than the solvent so that fluid flow occurs due to the presence of radial gradients in temperature and composition. A numerical model is presented which shows that convection effects cause the composition to vary along the interface such that the composition increases from the center to the periphery of the sample. This composition variation causes the macroscopic interface to become convex, and give rise to a systematic variation in microstructure along the interface. Critical experiments have been carried out to examine planar to cellular (and cellular to dendritic) transition in a given sample due to the increase in concentration along the interface, and the experimental results are analyzed through the measurements of interface composition and thermal gradient. In addition, the variation in local primary spacing with interface composition is also characterized and compared with the results of the numerical model. It is shown that microstructure transitions and microstructural scales can be correlated quantitatively with the theoretical results based on interface composition and on temperature and solute gradients at the interface. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 [Trivedi, R.; Liu, S.; Mazumder, P.; Simsek, E.] Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, 100 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Trivedi, R (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, 100 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM trivedi@ameslab.gov NR 22 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1468-6996 EI 1878-5514 J9 SCI TECHNOL ADV MAT JI Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. PY 2001 VL 2 IS 1 SI SI BP 309 EP 320 AR PII S1468-6996(01)00062-6 DI 10.1016/S1468-6996(01)00062-6 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA V44CK UT WOS:000209726900053 ER PT J AU Babu, SS David, SA Vitek, JM Reed, RW AF Babu, SS David, SA Vitek, JM Reed, RW TI Solidification and microstructure modelling of welds in aluminium alloys 5754 and 6111 SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article ID TYPE-304 STAINLESS-STEEL; POOL DEVELOPMENT; DIAGRAMS; WELDMENTS; SYSTEM; GTA AB A solidification and microstructure modelling approach has been developed to predict weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) characteristics. The freezing range and phase evolution in the weld metal region were predicted using thermodynamic and diffusion controlled growth calculations. The calculated freezing range was correlated with the weld solidification cracking tendency. A simplified analytical model was suggested to describe thermal cycles that are experienced by the HAZ. This analytical model was coupled with a published microstructure model for age hardenable alloys to predict the hardness variations across the HAZ. The above integrated approach was evaluated using experimental welds made on non-age hardenable 5754 (Al-Mg) and age hardenable 6111 (Al-Mg-Si) alloys using gas tungsten arc, electron beam, and gas metal arc welding processes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Babu, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU I O M COMMUNICATIONS LTD INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1179/136217101101538514 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 437KM UT WOS:000168990900005 ER PT J AU Paul, BK Wilson, DD McDowell, E Benjarattananon, J AF Paul, BK Wilson, DD McDowell, E Benjarattananon, J TI Study of weld strength variability for capacitor discharge welding process automation SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article AB The capacitor discharge welding (CDW) process is an autogenous, rapid solidification joining process ideal far joining small parts incorporating dissimilar metals. Potential applications include welding of solderless electrical contacts, cutting tool inserts, and automotive valves. Because of high cooling rates, in excess of 10(6) K s(-1), the production rate for CDW processes is potentially very high. However, potential industrial users are hesitant to use the CDW process, owing largely to the unavailability of automated process control. The objective of the present study was to investigate the source of weld strength variability in CDW as a foundation for process automation and control. Results show that welding time significantly affects weld strength variability far both high thermal conductivity rind high gas content materials, independent of the t(W)/2RC ratio. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Paul, BK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Ind & Mfg Engn, 118 Covell Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU I O M COMMUNICATIONS LTD INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 2 BP 109 EP 115 DI 10.1179/136217101101538613 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 462KA UT WOS:000170418200008 ER PT J AU Babu, SS Santella, ML Feng, Z Riemer, BW Cohron, JW AF Babu, SS Santella, ML Feng, Z Riemer, BW Cohron, JW TI Empirical model of effects of pressure and temperature on electrical contact resistance of metals SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-PLASTIC CONTACT; SERIES SPOT WELDS; ROUGH SURFACES; CONDUCTANCE; SIMULATION AB An important input property in the development of process models for resistance spot welding is electrical contact resistance. A model for the pressure and temperature dependence of electrical contact resistance was developed from established concepts of contact resistance. The key to developing the desired relationship is determining surface roughness characteristics, which is experimentally problematic. To overcome this difficulty the electrical resistance of contacting interfaces was measured as a function of the pressure applied across the interfaces. Using known information about the temperature dependence of bulk resistivity and mechanical properties, a curve fitting Procedure was used to establish the desired relationship of contact resistance to pressure and temperature. This empirical model agrees well with experimental measurements in the regime of low applied pressure. At high pressures, predictions underestimate contact resistance, and this was attributed to strain hardening of asperities at the contacting interface. The model also predicts that the competing effects of bulk resistance and contact resistance will produce a peak in the variation of contact resistance with temperature. The model provides a suitable means for incorporating the pressure and temperature dependence of contact resistance into process models of the resistance spot welding process. Dr Babu (babuss@ornl.gov) and Dr Santella (santellaml@arnl.gov) are in the Metals and Ceramics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA, Dr Feng is with Engineering Mechanics Corp. of Columbus, Columbus, OH 43221, USA. Dr Riemer is at the Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and Dr Cohron is with Byron Products, Fairfield, OH 45014, USA, received 2 August 2000: accepted 7 September 2000. (C) 2001 loM Communications Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Engn Mech Corp Columbus, Columbus, OH 43221 USA. Byron Prod, Fairfield, OH 45014 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Babu, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010; Feng, Zhili/H-9382-2012; OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579; Feng, Zhili/0000-0001-6573-7933; Riemer, Bernard/0000-0002-6922-3056 NR 28 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 22 PU I O M COMMUNICATIONS LTD INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 3 BP 126 EP 132 DI 10.1179/136217101101538631 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 462KC UT WOS:000170418400001 ER PT J AU Elmer, JW Klingman, J Van Bibber, K AF Elmer, JW Klingman, J Van Bibber, K TI Effect of surface condition and bonding pressure on quality of diffusion bonded high purity copper for linear collider accelerator structures SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article AB Tests have been carried out to assess the feasibility of diffusion bonding as a fabrication technology fbr vacuum tight joints in linear accelerator cells for the Next Linear Collider. High purity copper specimens were diffusion bonded over a range of temperatures from 400 to 1000 degrees C, under high (3.45 MPa) and low (3.45 kPa) bonding pressures, and at two different diamond machined surface finishes. Experiments showed that diffusion bonds with strengths equal to, or greater than, that of silver brazed joints could be made at temperatures greater than or equal to 700 degrees C at the 3.45 MPa bonding pressure, or greater than or equal to 800 degrees C at the 3.45 kPa bonding pressure. Partial strength diffusion bonds were made at temperatures as lon, as 400 degrees C at the high bonding pressure, whereas no bonding (zero strength) was observed at temperatures below 700 degrees C at the low bonding pressure. Observations of the fracture surfaces of the diffusion bonded specimens showed that bonding begins by point asperity contact. At low bonding pressures, surfaces created by diamond turning of annealed copper specimens produce higher strength bonds than those created hy diamond flycutting of unannealed surfaces, whereas at higher bonding pressures the effect of surface finish was less important. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Elmer, JW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU I O M COMMUNICATIONS LTD INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 5 BP 268 EP 272 DI 10.1179/136217101101538857 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 497XW UT WOS:000172481600001 ER PT J AU Vitek, JM David, SA Richey, MW Biffin, J Blundell, N Page, CJ AF Vitek, JM David, SA Richey, MW Biffin, J Blundell, N Page, CJ TI Weld pool shape prediction in plasma augmented laser welded steel SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article ID NEURAL NETWORKS AB A welding process that combined plasma are welding with laser welding was used to make autogenous head on plate welds on a sheet stock of a carbon steel. A wide range of welding parameters (are current, laser power, weld speed) was employed. The experimental weld pool shapes were analysed and the data were used to train it neural network to predict weld pool shape as a function of process conditions. The predictions of the neural network model showed excellent agreement with the experimental results, indicating that a neural network model is a viable means for predicting weld pool shape. Using the model, a parametric study was carried out to examine the influence of process conditions on the final weld pool profile. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Coventry Univ, Sch Engn, Mfg Engn Grp, Coventry CV1 5FP, W Midlands, England. RP Vitek, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Bldg 4508,MS 6096, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU I O M COMMUNICATIONS LTD INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 5 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1179/136217101101538929 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 497XW UT WOS:000172481600007 ER PT J AU David, SA Babu, SS Vitek, JM AF David, SA Babu, SS Vitek, JM TI Recent advances in modelling and characterisation of weld microstructures SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Ultra-Steel Workshop CY JAN 17-18, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS; FERRITE NUMBER PREDICTION; STAINLESS-STEEL WELDS; ELECTRON-BEAM WELDS; CR-NI ALLOYS; INCLUSION FORMATION; RAPID SOLIDIFICATION; PHASE; METALS; TRANSFORMATIONS AB The development of microstructure in weldments is controlled by various physical processes. During the past two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding these processes and their role in the development of weld microstructures. However, there is a critical need to develop a reliable and quantitative integrated model to describe the evolution of weld microstructure and performance. State of the art characterisation tools are an integral part of this integrated model concept for validation. Research related to weld microstructure models for steels is reviewed and the importance of characterisation tools in developing these models and their verification is discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP David, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 6 BP 341 EP 346 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 517ZF UT WOS:000173640200002 ER PT J AU Brooks, JA Yang, NCY Krafcik, JS AF Brooks, JA Yang, NCY Krafcik, JS TI Clarification on development of skeletal and lathy ferrite morphologies in stainless steel welds SO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF WELDING AND JOINING LA English DT Letter ID SOLIDIFICATION AB Inoue and co-workers have quoted the present authors as reporting that lacy (or lathy) ferrite in austenitic stainless steel welds forms only during single phase ferrite solidification (F). It was actually reported that both lathy and skeletal ferrite morphologies herd been observed in single phase ferrite solidified welds. However, it eras also reported that these two ferrite morphologies were observed in F/A (primary ferrite with secondary solidification as austenite) solidified welds. The aim of this letter is to clarify that both ferrite morphologies here observed in both F and F/A solidification modes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Brooks, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9402,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 1362-1718 J9 SCI TECHNOL WELD JOI JI Sci. Technol. Weld. Join. PY 2001 VL 6 IS 6 BP 412 EP 414 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 517ZF UT WOS:000173640200014 ER PT J AU Belefant-Miller, H King, DW AF Belefant-Miller, H King, DW TI How, what, and why science faculty read SO SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LIBRARIES LA English DT Article DE scientists; faculty; reading behaviors; browsing; document transmission AB One part of a library use survey administered in 1993 to the users of the libraries of the University of Tennessee at Knoxville was analyzed to provide a profile of the reading behaviors of science faculty. The survey questions were grouped into the four steps in accomplishing a document reading: finding, getting, reading, and using a document. The science faculty tended to find their document by browsing. The document was generally obtained from a personalized subscription. Science faculty predominately read journals and books and read almost 50 articles a year from the journal they obtained their last read document from. The science faculty were mostly likely to use their reading for research. Science faculty appreciated the capabilities of electronic document transmission, but had a marked preference for paper transmission. Few differences were found between science and non-science faculty, mostly in their specific concerns for electronic or print transmission and in the uses of their readings. C1 USDA ARS, Stuttgart, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. King Res, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Belefant-Miller, H (reprint author), USDA ARS, Stuttgart, Germany. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 4 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0194-262X J9 SCI TECH LIBR JI Sci. Technol. Libr. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 2 BP 91 EP 112 PG 22 GA 466YF UT WOS:000170673200007 ER PT B AU Tsap, LV AF Tsap, LV BE Jain, VK McWaters, MM Kunt, M TI Feedback from video for virtual reality navigation SO SECOND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON DIGITAL AND COMPUTATIONAL VIDEO, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Digital and Computational Video (DCV 01) CY FEB 08-09, 2001 CL TAMPA, FL SP Univ S Florida, Ctr Digital & Computat Video AB Important preconditions for wide acceptance of virtual reality systems include their comfort, ease and naturalness to use. Most existing trackers stiffer from discomfort-related issues. For example, body-based trackers (such as hand controllers, joysticks or helmet attachments) restrict spontaneity and naturalness of motion, whereas groundbased devices (e.g., hand controllers) limit the workspace by literally binding an operator to the ground. Controls have similar problems. This paper describes using real-time video with registered depth information (from a commercially available camera) for virtual reality navigation. A camera-based setup can replace cumbersome trackers. The method includes selective depth processing for increased speed, and a robust skin-color segmentation for handling illumination variations. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tsap, LV (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-1111-2 PY 2001 BP 158 EP 163 DI 10.1109/DCV.2001.929955 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BS37F UT WOS:000169644700020 ER PT J AU Wu, AT Brett, MJ AF Wu, AT Brett, MJ TI Sensing humidity using nanostructured SiO posts: Mechanism and optimization SO SENSORS AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE sensor; new sensing material; new sensor fabrication technique; humidity sensor; new sensing model; SiO film; glancing angle deposition ID GLANCING ANGLE DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; SENSORS AB Recently it was demonstrated that relative humidity (RH) could be sensed using SiO films fabricated by a newly developed glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique that enables three-dimensional control of the film microstructure on a 10 nm scale. The performance of the SiO sensors depends critically on their detailed micro structures. A surprising dynamic response range over five orders of magnitude was detected for a SiO sensor with a microstructure of posts and a porosity of 25%. This paper presents a detailed model for the new SiO sensors and reports the optimization of their sensing characteristics. The model is based on a modification of Sillars' medium theory incorporating the effects of the net heat of adsorption of water molecules, changes in conductivity at the interface between SiO and water molecules, water condensation inside the pores due to the capillary effect, changes in conductivity of the condensed water with RH, and pore size distribution on the performance of the sensors in the model. The model predicts that the sensing characteristics of a porous RH sensor are determined mainly by the microstructure of the medium and the complicated properties at and near the interfaces between the medium and the adsorbed or condensed water molecules. Although the model is developed to explain the sensing, characteristics of our sensors, it is quite general and can be used to predict and explain the sensing characteristics for any other capacitive humidity sensor-with a porous medium as the sensing material. The results of optimized sensors based on the guidance provided by the theoretical model are presented. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. EM andywu@jlab.org NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU MYU, SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING DIVISION PI TOKYO PA 1-23-3-303 SENDAGI, TOKYO, 113-0022, JAPAN SN 0914-4935 J9 SENSOR MATER JI Sens. Mater. PY 2001 VL 13 IS 7 BP 399 EP 431 PG 33 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA 497WQ UT WOS:000172478800003 ER PT J AU Chiarizia, R Barrans, RE Ferraro, JR Herlinger, AW McAlister, DR AF Chiarizia, R Barrans, RE Ferraro, JR Herlinger, AW McAlister, DR TI Aggregation of dialkyl-substituted diphosphonic acids and its effect on metal ion extraction SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div ID P,P'-DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; SULFONIC-ACID; COMPLEXES; FREQUENCIES; SYSTEMS; CATIONS; SALTS AB Solvent extraction reagents containing the diphosphonic acid group exhibit an extraordinary affinity for tri-, tetra-, and hexavalent actinides. Their use has been considered for actinide separation and preconcentration procedures. Solvent extraction data obtained with P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) methane-, ethane-, and butanediphosphonic acids exhibit features that are difficult to explain without knowledge of the aggregation state of the extractants. Information about the aggregation of the dialkyl-substituted diphosphonic acids in aromatic diluents has been obtained using the complementary techniques of vapor pressure osmometry, small-angle neutron scattering, infrared spectroscopy, and molecular mechanics. The results from these techniques provide an understanding of the aggregation behavior of these extractants that is fully compatible with the solvent extraction data. The most important results and their relevance to solvent extraction are reviewed in this paper. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 687 EP 708 DI 10.1081/SS-100103615 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500001 ER PT J AU Kyser, EA AF Kyser, EA TI Extraction of plutonium into 30% tributyl phosphate from nitric acid solutions containing fluoride, aluminum, and boron SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div AB The processing of residues left over from the passing of the Cold War presents new challenges. Solvent extraction processing of high-fluoride-content plutonium residues requires some adjustments in order to prevent high losses of plutonium to the waste stream. Process solutions have a fluoride:plutonium ratio of up to 300:1 and contain up to 0.35 M total fluoride in nitric acid solution. Either complexing the fluoride with aluminum or increasing the total nitrate in the feed stream will increase the plutonium extraction into tributyl phosphate (TBP). The favored option was to perform minimal dilution of the dissolver solution to keep the concentrations of nitrate and plutonium high and to add sufficient aluminum nitrate to give acceptable plutonium extraction. This approach minimizes additional waste generation from aluminum salts. Determination of acceptable process chemistry conditions required a better understanding of the competition between fluoride and nitrate for the complexation of plutonium in a nitric acid solution. The actual solution matrix contained large amounts of Ca, F, H3BO3, Fe, Mg, and Al, with a small amount of plutonium, the extraction of which is a function of the aluminum and total nitrate concentrations. In this work, experimental batch data were obtained for the extraction of plutonium into 30 vol % TBP at ambient temperature from such a solution matrix and these data were modeled using complexation constants from the literature. Modeling shows the effects of the boric acid and aluminum on the free fluoride concentration and the resulting impact on the extraction of plutonium into TBP. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Kyser, EA (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 729 EP 741 DI 10.1081/SS-100103617 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500003 ER PT J AU Leonard, RA Conner, C Liberatore, MW Sedlet, J Aase, SB Vandegrift, GF Delmau, LH Bonnesen, PV Moyer, BA AF Leonard, RA Conner, C Liberatore, MW Sedlet, J Aase, SB Vandegrift, GF Delmau, LH Bonnesen, PV Moyer, BA TI Development of a solvent extraction process for cesium removal from SRS tank waste SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div AB An alkaline-side solvent extraction process was developed for cesium removal from Savannah River Site (SRS) tank waste. The process was invented at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and developed and tested at Argonne National Laboratory using single-stage and multistage tests in a laboratory-scale centrifugal contactor. The dispersion number, hydraulic performance, stage efficiency, and general operability of the process flowsheet were determined. Based on these tests, further solvent development work was done. The final solvent formulation appears to be an excellent candidate for removing cesium from SRS tank waste. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leonard, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016; Liberatore, Matthew/B-6828-2008 OI Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281; Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277; NR 18 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 743 EP 766 DI 10.1081/SS-100103618 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500004 ER PT J AU Pierce, RA Thompson, MC Ray, RJ AF Pierce, RA Thompson, MC Ray, RJ TI Solubility limits of dibutyl phosphoric acid in uranium-nitric acid solutions SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div AB The Savannah River Site has enriched uranium (EU) solution that has been stored since being purified in its solvent extraction processes. The concentrations in solution are approximately 25 mM U and 0.1 M nitric acid. Residual tributylphosphate in solution has slowly hydrolyzed to form dibutyl phosphoric acid (HDBP) at concentrations averaging 0.14-0.2450 mM. Dibutyl phosphoric acid, in turn, is in equilibrium with (HDBP)(2) and DBP-. Uranium can form compounds with the dibutylphosphate ion (DBP-) which have limited solubility, thereby creating a nuclear criticality safety issue. Literature reports and earlier SRTC tests have shown that it is feasible to precipitate U-DBP solid during the storage and processing of EU solutions. As a result, a series of solubility experiments were run at nitric acid concentrations from 0-4.0 M HNO3, uranium at 0-378 mM, and temperatures from 0-30 degreesC. The data show temperature and HNO3 concentration dependence consistent with what would be expected. With respect to uranium concentration, U-DBP solubility passes through a minimum between 25 and 50 mM U at the HNO3 concentrations and temperatures studied. However, the minimum shows a slight shift toward lower uranium concentrations at lower HNO3 concentrations. The shifts in solubility are strongly dependent upon the overall ionic strength of the solution. These data also reveal a shift to higher DBP solubility above 0.5 M HNO3 for both 25 mM and 50 mM uranium solutions. Analysis of U-DBP solids from the tests identified distinct differences between precipitates from <0.5 M solutions and those from >4 M acid. Analyses identified UO2(DBP)(2) as the dominant compound present at low HNO3 concentrations in accordance with literature reports. As the acid concentration increases, the crystalline UO2(DBP)(2) shows molecular substitutions and an increase in amorphous content. C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Pierce, RA (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, POB 616, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 767 EP 783 DI 10.1081/SS-100103619 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500005 ER PT J AU Draye, M Favre-Reguillon, A Wruck, D Foos, J Guy, A Czerwinski, K AF Draye, M Favre-Reguillon, A Wruck, D Foos, J Guy, A Czerwinski, K TI Removal of Am-243 with phenol based resins SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div ID EXTRACTION; ACTINIDES; CESIUM; LANTHANIDES; SEPARATION; PLUTONIUM; AMERICIUM AB Long-term radiotoxicity of nuclear waste produced during spent nuclear fuel reprocessing could be reduced if the minor actinides (neptunium, americium and curium) contained within the waste are separated into short-lived radionuclides for their subsequent transmutation or for separate storage. Cross-linked phenolic resins based on different substituted phenol were shown to be very efficient for selective uptake of Eu3+ from aqueous solutions containing equal amounts of La3+. In this work, we have prepared and characterized cross-linked phenol based resins to investigate the uptake of Am-243. According to the results obtained for Eu selective extraction and to enhance Am-243 sorption, the resins are transformed into their Na+-forms before extraction. The ion selectivities of the cross-linked phenol based resins are then compared as a function of the identity of the ion-exchange phenolic matrix. Radiation stability of the resins was studied and each resin was measured for the effect of ionizing radiations with FTIR spectroscopy, moisture regain and ion exchange capacity. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Conservatoire Natl Arts & Metiers, Nucl Sci Lab, F-75003 Paris, France. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Draye, M (reprint author), Ecole Natl Super Chim Paris, Lab Electrochim & Chim Analyt, CNRS, UMR 7575, 11 Rue Pierre & Marie Curie, F-75231 Paris 05, France. RI Favre-Reguillon, Alain/A-9734-2010 OI Favre-Reguillon, Alain/0000-0001-8464-6543 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 899 EP 909 DI 10.1081/SS-100103627 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500013 ER PT J AU Davis, WT Kim, GD Perry, TC AF Davis, WT Kim, GD Perry, TC TI Study of the adsorption/removal efficiency of woven and nonwoven activated carbon fabrics for MEK SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div AB The initial gaseous contaminant removal efficiency and adsorption characteristics for various commercially available activated carbon fabrics were determined at air flow rates, air temperature and pressure drop typical of an indoor air residential or small office environment. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) was used as the hazardous air pollutant for the laboratory tests. For the range of MEK concentrations tested, the initial fabric adsorption efficiency decreased as concentration increased, although the total adsorption capacity (g/g) increased. Initial fabric efficiencies were also higher at a lower air flow rate. The pure activated carbon nonwoven felt had higher adsorption capacity as well as higher initial adsorption efficiencies than the woven carbon fabrics tested. In all of the fabrics which were tested, the maximum adsorption efficiency was achieved initially, lasted only momentarily, then steadily decreased until adsorption capacity was reached. It was also observed that fabrics that had reached capacity, but were then subjected to the same air flow conditions as occurred during the adsorption process (except without the MEK present), immediately began to desorb the adsorbed MEK. This raises concern about the application of carbon adsorption systems for indoor environments, if concentrations are highly variable due to the potential of desorption from the fabric. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US DOE, Off Environm Management, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Davis, WT (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 931 EP 940 DI 10.1081/SS-100103629 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500015 ER PT J AU DePaoli, SM Bostick, DT Lucero, AJ AF DePaoli, SM Bostick, DT Lucero, AJ TI Analysis of breakthrough profiles based on gamma-ray emission along loaded packed bed columns: Comparative evaluation of IONSIV (R) IE-911 and chabazite zeolite for the removal of radiostrontium and cesium from groundwater SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div AB A gamma counting system has been assembled that can profile the breakthrough fronts of gamma-emitting radioisotopes longitudinally along a loaded column. This profiling technique has been particularly useful in column studies such as those performed with IONSIV(R) IE-911, a crystalline silicotitanate (CST) manufactured by UOP, in which long operating times are required to observe cesium effluent breakthrough at the low inlet (10(-4) ppm) concentrations studied here. The length of the mass transfer zone and extent of column saturation can be detected by viewing the relative emission of gamma emitters along the length of the column. In this study, gamma scans were used to analyze loaded CST and zeolite columns used in the treatment of process wastewater simulant and actual groundwater. The longitudinal gamma scans for both Sr-90 and Cs-137 conformed with breakthrough results based on column effluent activity. Although not obvious from data obtained by monitoring effluent activity, the gamma scans indicated that both cesium and strontium in the saturated zone of the CST column are slowly displaced by the higher levels of groundwater cations and are then resorbed further down the column. This displacement phenomenon identified by gamma scans was also noted for the zeolite column, in which both the gamma scan and column effluent data exhibited radionuclide displacement. The gamma emission intensities from the CST column runs are used to quantitate and compare the distribution coefficient and loading capacity of Cs-137 on CST versus zeolite. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP DePaoli, SM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 941 EP 957 DI 10.1081/SS-100103630 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500016 ER PT J AU Bostick, DT DePaoli, SM Guo, B AF Bostick, DT DePaoli, SM Guo, B TI Treatment of low-level radioactive wastewaters with IONSIV (TM) IE-911 and chabazite zeolite SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div ID HYDROUS CRYSTALLINE SILICOTITANATES; ION-EXCHANGE AB Natural chabazite zeolite was selected as the baseline treatment technology for the removal of the fission products, Sr-90 and Cs-137. from near-neutral-pH process wastewater and groundwater. The sorbent Ionsiv(TM) IE-911, a crystalline silicotitanate commercially developed and manufactured by UOP, was recently tested for this application and found to compare extremely well against the baseline material. This paper presents and compares the results of similar batch and column tests performed using both materials, and summarizes the physical and chemical characteristics of thesorbents. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bostick, DT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 975 EP 998 DI 10.1081/SS-100103632 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500018 ER PT J AU Todd, TA Brewer, KN Wood, DJ Tullock, PA Mann, NR Olson, LG AF Todd, TA Brewer, KN Wood, DJ Tullock, PA Mann, NR Olson, LG TI Evaluation and testing of inorganic ion exchange sorbents for the removal of cesium-137 from actual Idaho nuclear technology and engineering center acidic tank waste SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div ID SILICOTITANATES AB Three inorganic ion exchange sorbents were evaluated for Cs-137 removal from the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC), acidic tank waste. A commercially available, Russian manufactured, potassium copper hexacyanoferrate (FS-2), crystalline silicotitanate (IONSIV IE-911), manufactured by UOP, and ammonium molybdophosphate-polyacrilonitrile composite sorbent (AMP-PAN), produced at the Czech Technical University, Prague, were tested. Approximately 800 mLs of actual radioactive tank waste were used to evaluate the FS-2 and IONSIV IE-911 sorbents. Feed flowrates of 6-7 mLs/hr through a 1 cm(3) column were used for both tests. Initial Cs-137 breakthrough with IONSIV IE-911 was observed at approximately 100 mLs and 50% breakthrough was observed at 660 mLs. A Cs-137 breakthrough of 20% was observed after 775 mLs of waste was processed through the column containing FS-2. Tests were also performed with both of these sorbents using simulated tank waste. Results for the IONSIV IE-911 compare well for both tests; however, there are some slight discrepancies with the FS-2 results. These discrepancies are believed to be the result of mercury sorption arising from different mercury speciation between the actual and simulated waste feeds. Over 80 wt% of the cesium loaded onto the FS-2 sorbent was eluted with 8 M HNO3, while no attempt was made to elute cesium from the IONSIV IE-911 sorbent. The AMP-PAN test used a 1.5 cm(3) column, 1600 mLs of actual radioactive waste, and a flowrate of 40 mLs/hr (26 bed volumes/hr). Initial Cs-137 breakthrough was observed after processing 600 mLs, and 0.15% breakthrough was observed after processing 1550 mLs of waste. Over 83% of the cesium was eluted using 44 mLs of 5 M NH4NO3. Two loading and elution cycles were performed with simulated waste and AMP-PAN. Approximately 4800 mLs (3200 BV) of simulant were processed before 50% breakthrough was observed. Over 70% of the cesium was eluted in 85 mL (57 BV). Only 4050 mLs (2700 BV) of simulant were processed before 50% breakthrough was observed in the second loading cycle and 50% of the cesium was eluted in 117 mL (78 BV). The results indicate that AMP-PAN has the highest capacity for cesium and sorption appears to not be affected by the presence of mercury in the waste, giving it clear advantages over IONSIV IE-911 and the FS-2 sorbent. The AMP may also be easily dissolved from the PAN binder using sodium hydroxide. C1 Bechtel BWXT Idaho LLC, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Todd, TA (reprint author), Bechtel BWXT Idaho LLC, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Todd, Terry /O-4930-2016 OI Todd, Terry /0000-0003-1324-6950 NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 999 EP 1016 DI 10.1081/SS-100103633 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500019 ER PT J AU Stone, ML White, FJ Stewart, FF Tsang, MN Orme, CJ Peterson, ES AF Stone, ML White, FJ Stewart, FF Tsang, MN Orme, CJ Peterson, ES TI Pure gas permeabilities of a series of substituted bisphenoxy phosphazene polymers SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div ID POLY(ORGANOPHOSPHAZENE) MEMBRANES; SEPARATIONS; POLYPHOSPHAZENES; SELECTIVITY; DIFFUSION AB Polyphosphazenes are a class of inorganic polymers characterized by the phosphorus nitrogen repeating unit that forms the backbone. The phosphorus is pentavalent and the backbone has alternating single and double bonds. This leaves two coordination sites on the phosphorus free for substituted with a variety of nucleophilic groups. Several hundred polyphosphazene formulations have been reported in the literature. The ease of controlling the type and number of substituents provides a unique opportunity to develop special series of polymers to investigate structure property relationships. In this paper the pure gas permeabilities of a series of substituted bisphenoxyphosphazene polymers is reported. The polymers were exposed to ten different gases and the resulting permeabilities were analyzed using the time lag method. The time lag method enables the permeability to be broken down into its solubility and diffusivity components. Careful examination of the results makes it possible to determine what types of substituent-gas interactions are responsible for the overall permeabilities in the polymers. Some of the polymers showed low permeabilities for all of the test gases, while others showed very large differences among the different gases tested. Especially interesting differences were observed for the series of alkanes tested. The results permit the prediction of what types of mixed gas separations might be worth pursuing. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Stone, ML (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 1067 EP 1084 DI 10.1081/SS-100103637 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500023 ER PT J AU Lin, YH Wu, H Smart, NG Wai, CM AF Lin, YH Wu, H Smart, NG Wai, CM TI Studies on in-situ chelation/supercritical fluid extraction of lanthanides and actinides using a radiotracer technique SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOLID MATERIALS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; URANIUM; ACID; SAMPLES; MERCURY; METALS AB Radioisotope tracer techniques were used to study the process of in-situ chelation/supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of La3+ and Lu3+ from a solid matrix using mixed ligand hexafluoroacetylacetone (HFA) and tributylphosphate (TBP) as chelating agents. A lab-built SFE extractor was used in this study and the extractor design was optimized based on the experimental results. Quantitative recovery of La and Lit was achieved when the extractor design was optimized. Extraction of uranium from real world samples was also investigated to demonstrate the feasibility of this chelation/SFE technology for environmental remediation applications. A novel on-line back extraction technique for the recovery of metal ions and regeneration of ligands is also reported. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. BNFL, Sellafield CA20 1PG, Cumbria, England. Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 1149 EP 1162 DI 10.1081/SS-100103642 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500028 ER PT J AU Li, HC Shah, VM Cochran, HD AF Li, HC Shah, VM Cochran, HD TI A generalized quartic equation of state: Simplification and performance on mixtures SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; CONSTITUENT BINARY-SYSTEMS; TERNARY MIXTURES; HIGH-PRESSURES; 101.3 KPA; FLUIDS; CYCLOHEXANE; METHANE; 1-PROPANOL; NITROGEN AB In previous work, a generalized quartic equation of state has been developed and extended to polar fluids. There are forty general regressed coefficients used in the four parameters in the equation of state. Simplification of the quartic equation of state has been done by setting fifteen of those coefficients to zero and obtaining the remaining twenty-five coefficients from regression on the original data base of non-polar and polar fluids. The results of simplification show that the quartic equation of state can achieve similar accuracy with fewer coefficients. The quartic equation of state was tested on thirty-five binary systems and four ternary systems to see the performance of the quartic equation of state on mixtures. The results show that the performance of the quartic equation of state on mixtures is generally comparable to that of the Peng-Robinson equation of state. C1 Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Li, HC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 1163 EP 1182 DI 10.1081/SS-100103643 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500029 ER PT J AU Martellaro, PJ Moore, GA Peterson, ES Abbott, EH Gorenbain, AE AF Martellaro, PJ Moore, GA Peterson, ES Abbott, EH Gorenbain, AE TI Environmental application of mineral sulfides for removal of gas-phase Hg(0) and aqueous Hg2+ SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div ID ELEMENTAL MERCURY AB Synthesized and commercially available metal sulfides were evaluated for their ability to adsorb elemental and ionic mercury. The coinage group metal sulfides adsorb elemental Hg(0) vapor stoichiometrically. The mechanism of Hg(0) uptake by the copper and gold sulfides is a redox process resulting in the formation of HgS. The mechanism in the case of Ag2S involves redox but there is no HgS formation. The relative rates of Hg(0) adsorption increases in the order CuS > Ag2S > Au2S > AU(2)S(3) corresponding to the metal ion reduction potentials. The relative rate of Hg(0) adsorption for commercial grade CuS is increased by an activation process which involves making a slurry of the metal sulfide in concentrated oxalic acid followed by drying and then exposure to Hg(0). Relative rates of Hg(0) adsorption were also increased by decreasing the particle size of the metal sulfides. Particle sizes were decreased by synthesis of the metal sulfide in the presence of the particle-size mediating agent CTAB. The metal sulfides remove ionic mercury from acidic solutions by precipitation with the dissolved sulfide forming HgS. In acidic solution there was no evidence of physical or chemical adsorption between Hg(0) and the metal sulfide. The quantity of ionic Hg2+ removal from aqueous solutions is correlated with the solubility of the metal sulfide. Cu2S was the most soluble metal sulfide tested and thus removed the most ionic mercury from solution by precipitating HgS. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Inst Synth, Kiev, Ukraine. RP Martellaro, PJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 1183 EP 1196 DI 10.1081/SS-100103644 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500030 ER PT J AU Elshani, S Smart, NG Lin, YH Wai, CM AF Elshani, S Smart, NG Lin, YH Wai, CM TI Application of supercritical fluids to the reactive extraction and analysis of toxic heavy metals from environmental matrices-system optimisation SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS REAGENTS; TRIBUTYL-PHOSPHATE; LIGHT LANTHANIDES; CHELATING-AGENTS; CYANEX-272; ACID; COBALT(II); SEPARATION AB The extraction Of Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ utilising supercritical fluid carbon dioxide containing dissolved organophosphorus reagents is shown to be feasible. Using the solubility parameter concept and investigation of a variety of physical parameters favourable extraction conditions of 60 degreesC and 400 atm pressure were determined. Cyanex 302 was found to be the most favourable ligand in terms of stability and ability to complex a range of metal ions. A soil containing substantial amounts of Pb2+ and Cd2+ was studied using SFE and the technique was found to reduce the levels of leachable metal ions to near US EPA regulatory levels. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. BNFL, Preston PR4 0XJ, Lancs, England. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Elshani, S (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 1197 EP 1210 DI 10.1081/SS-100103645 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500031 ER PT J AU Heath, KD Cochran, HD AF Heath, KD Cochran, HD TI Electrodispersion of fine aqueous droplets in supercritical carbon dioxide SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div ID MONODISPERSE WATER DROPLETS; EMULSION-PHASE CONTACTOR; CONE-JET MODE; FUNCTIONING MODES; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; MICROEMULSIONS; GENERATION; ELECTROSPRAYS; ENVIRONMENT; LIQUIDS AB This first study of electrospraying of a liquid into a dense, supercritical fluid has demonstrated a new method for dispersing aqueous liquid into supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) using pulsed high-voltage electric fields. The electrodispersion cell (EDC) was equipped with a laser light scattering system to determine the dependence of mean droplet size on operating variables such as field strength, pulse frequency, and liquid flow rate. Over a range of operating conditions, electrospraying produced micron-size aqueous dispersions with high interfacial area, and the micron-size dispersions were very efficiently coalesced by the wire-mesh electrode so that entrainment of liquid in the CO2 flowing from the cell was negligible. In related work elsewhere, results have been presented on the effects of temperature and pressure of the SC-CO2 on the droplet size and on the extraction of ethanol from an aqueous solution into SC-CO2 using the EDC. This new method of contacting an aqueous phase with SC-CO2 may find initial applications in cases where small quantities of a valuable component must be separated from water. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Heath, KD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 1211 EP 1224 DI 10.1081/SS-100103646 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500032 ER PT J AU Bond, AH Nash, KL Gelis, AV Sullivan, JC Jensen, MP Rao, LF AF Bond, AH Nash, KL Gelis, AV Sullivan, JC Jensen, MP Rao, LF TI Plutonium mobilization and matrix dissolution during experimental sludge washing of bismuth phosphate, redox, and purex waste simulants SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div ID METHANE DIPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CONSTANTS; COMPLEXES; SPECIATION; SOLUBILITY; CHEMISTRY; STABILITY AB Consecutive washing of simulant sludges from the BiPO4 (Cycle 3), Redox, and PUREX processes shows less than 4.5% of sorbed Pu(III/IV) or Pu(VI) is mobilized during CrO42- dissolution by the 0.01 M NaOH + 0.01 M NaNO2 sluice or 3.0 M NaOH leach solutions to be used for sludge pretreatment at Hanford. Experimental sludge washing with 2.0 M HNO3 results in 5.8-65.5% dissolution of Pu(II/IV) or Pu(VI) from all simulants and dissolution of Nd(III), Cr(III), and Fe(III) (where present) from BiPO4 simulants. The dissolution of Pu(III/IV) and Pu(VI) from BiPO4 sludge simulants by strongly chelating media is accompanied by dissolution and reduction of Mn(IV) to a Mn(III) complex. Details of radioanalytical and spectroscopic investigations of sludge simulant washing are discussed in the context of understanding actinide behavior during alkaline leaching of radioactive sludge wastes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. MS 70A 1150 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bond, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 33 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 1241 EP 1256 DI 10.1081/SS-100103648 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500034 ER PT J AU Nash, KL Jensen, MP AF Nash, KL Jensen, MP TI Analytical-scale separations of the lanthanides: A review of techniques and fundamentals SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TN SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Separat Div ID RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS; ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY; NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; SPEED COUNTERCURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY; ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; METAL-IONS; ISOTOPIC ANALYSES AB Separations chemistry is at the heart of most analytical procedures to determine the rare earth content of both man-made and naturally occurring materials. Such procedures are widely used in mineral exploration, fundamental geology and geochemistry, material science, and in the nuclear industry. Chromatographic methods that rely on aqueous solutions containing complexing agents sensitive to the lanthanide cationic radius and cation-exchange phase transfer reactions (using a variety of different solid media) have enjoyed the greatest success for these procedures. In this report, we will briefly summarize the most important methods for completing such analyses. We will discuss in some detail the basic aqueous (and two-phase) solution chemistry that accounts for separations that work well and offer explanations for why others are less successful. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nash, KL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693 NR 81 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-6395 EI 1520-5754 J9 SEP SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 1257 EP 1282 DI 10.1081/SS-100103649 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500035 ER PT J AU Wilmarth, WR Rosencrance, SW Nash, CA Edwards, TB AF Wilmarth, WR Rosencrance, SW Nash, CA Edwards, TB TI Sr/TRU removal from Hanford high level waste SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div ID MANGANESE-DIOXIDE; WATER AB The originally proposed removal process for strontium and transuranic species from 241-AN-102 and 241-AN-107 Hanford waste tank supernates was a co-precipitation method. In initial testing, the slurry formed during the strontium and ferric nitrate co-precipitant additions was not filterable. A series of statistically designed tests were performed to evaluate the variables responsible for this poor filterability. These tests also explored strategies to improve the associated decontamination efficiency of the treatment process. These tests revealed that filterability is negatively influenced by ferric ion added to co-precipitate actinide and lanthanide species. The concentrations of sodium and organic complexants were observed to influence decontamination of the supernate. Furthermore, the amount of at least one organic complexant was correlated to the poor filterability. The americium decontamination factors measured following the maximum iron nitrate addition were marginal at levels of precipitant addition that are of practical interest. Based on these results, alternative precipitation schemes were investigated. Reported here is the chosen replacement process, a permanganate precipitation process. A statistically designed series of experiments examined the relationship between three responses and five precipitation parameters. The three responses are precipitate filterability, strontium decontamination, and plutonium decontamination. The parameters varied were the initial sodium and hydroxide concentrations of the waste, and the amount of calcium, strontium, and permanganate introduced. The results reveal an optimum set of conditions for decontamination of strontium and plutonium as well as improved filterability. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Wilmarth, WR (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 1283 EP 1305 DI 10.1081/SS-100103650 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500036 ER PT J AU Worl, LA Devlin, D Hill, D Padilla, D Prenger, FC AF Worl, LA Devlin, D Hill, D Padilla, D Prenger, FC TI Particulate capture of plutonium by high gradient magnetic separation with advanced matrices SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div ID FEASIBILITY; FILTRATION; PARTICLES; WASTES; FLOW AB A high performance superconducting magnetic separator is being developed for near single particle retrieval from low concentration field collected samples. Results show that maximum separation is obtained when the effective matrix element diameter approaches the diameter of the particles to be captured. Experimentally, we were able to capture very dilute levels of 0.2 to 0.8 mum PuO2 particles with dodecane as a carrier fluid. The development of new matrix materials is being pursued through the deposition of nickel dendrites on an existing stainless steel matrix material. The new materials are promising for the submicron collection of paramagnetic particles. Results indicate that these new matrices contain a high number of capture sites for the paramagnetic particles. We have also derived a force-balance model that uses empirically determined capture cross section values. The model can be used to optimize the capture cross section and thus increase the capture efficiency. This enables the prediction of high gradient magnetic separator performance for a variety of materials and applications. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Worl, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 1335 EP 1349 DI 10.1081/SS-100103653 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500039 ER PT J AU de Almeida, VF Riahi-Nezhad, CK AF de Almeida, VF Riahi-Nezhad, CK TI Flow regimes of air-water counterflow through cross corrugated parallel plates SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div ID DUCTS AB Heretofore unknown flow regimes of air-water counterflow through a pair of transparent, vertical, parallel cross corrugated plates were observed via high-speed video. Air flows upward driven by pressure gradient and water, downward driven by gravity. The crimp geometry of the corrugations was drawn after typical corrugated sheets used as filling material in modern structured packed towers. Four regimes were featured, namely, rivulet, bicontinuous,flooding-fronts, and flooding-waves. It is conceivable that the regimes observed might constitute the basis for understanding how gas and liquid phases contend for available space in the interstices of structured packings in packed towers. Flow regime transitions were expressed in terms of liquid load (liquid superficial velocity) and gas flow parameter of common use in pressure drop and capacity curves. We have carefully examined the range of parameters equivalent to the ill-understood high-liquid-flow operation in packed towers. More importantly, our findings should prove valuable in validating improved first-principles modeling of gas-liquid flows in these industrially important devices. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Separat & Mat Proc Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP de Almeida, VF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Separat & Mat Proc Res Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI de Almeida, Valmor/P-5498-2016 OI de Almeida, Valmor/0000-0003-0899-695X NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 1351 EP 1373 DI 10.1081/SS-100103654 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500040 ER PT J AU Kwon, KC Pallerla, S Sanjeev, R Joines, SK Komar, C AF Kwon, KC Pallerla, S Sanjeev, R Joines, SK Komar, C TI Reactivity of formulated metal oxide sorbents with hot hydrogen sulfide SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Separation Science and Technology for Energy Applications CY OCT 17-21, 1999 CL GATLINBURG, TENNESSEE SP Oakridg Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Inst Chem Engn, Seperat Div AB Three metal oxide sorbents, labeled TU-19, TU-24, and TU-25 were formulated with zinc oxide powder as an active sorbent ingredient, bentonite as a binding material, and titanium oxide as a supporting metal oxide. Equilibrium absorption of H2S into sorbents increases with concentrations of H2S. Reactivity of sorbents increases with increased reaction temperatures. Reaction rates of H2S with the sorbent increase with increased amounts of sorbents. A cylindrical rod model for a H2S-metal-oxide-sorbent reaction system was developed with experimental reaction data obtained from a constant-volume batch reactor to compute intraparticle diffusivity of H2S through sorbent matrix. An initial reaction rate equation was developed with initial experimental reaction data. Thermodynamic equilibrium constant for a heterogeneous H2S-sorbent reaction keeps H2S concentrations constant, in spite of increasing sorbent amounts in a constant-volume batch reactor. Partial pressures of hydrogen appear to affect significantly equilibrium absorption of H2S into the TU-19 sorbent at high equilibrium concentrations of H2S, while partial pressures of hydrogen appear not to affect significantly equilibrium absorption of H'S into the sorbent at low equilibrium concentrations of H2S. However, reactivity of the TU-25 sorbent with H2S in the presence of the initial 14.7-psia hydrogen is higher than that in the presence of the initial 24.7-psia hydrogen for the 1-min reaction duration. C1 Tuskegee Univ, Sch Engn & Architecture, Dept Chem Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Kwon, KC (reprint author), Tuskegee Univ, Sch Engn & Architecture, Dept Chem Engn, Tuskegee, AL 36088 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 5-6 BP 1375 EP 1393 DI 10.1081/SS-100103655 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 456CX UT WOS:000170066500041 ER PT J AU Kim, KH Hong, J AF Kim, KH Hong, J TI Desorption kinetic model for supercritical fluid extraction of spearmint leaf oil SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE supercritical carbon dioxide; extraction; desorption kinetics; spearmint oil ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXTRACTION; SEED OIL; CO2 AB To characterize the dynamic behavior in supercritical CO2 extraction of essential oil components (carvone and limonene) from spearmint leaves under pressures of 69.0 bar (near-critical), 84.5 bar (supercritical), and 103.4 bar (supercritical) and temperatures of 39 and 49 degreesC. a simplified desorption kinetic model was developed. In the desorption model, a linear irreversible desorption kinetics was assumed, and the releasing rate of oil components from the leaf particle matrix was defined by a desorption rate constant as a model fitting parameter. Despite the simplicity of the desorption kinetic model, the experimental data and the predicted values by the desorption kinetic model were in good agreement. In the pre sent study, the desorption rate constant mostly increased as the CO2 flow rate and pressure were increased and as the temperature and leaf particle size were decreased. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Kim, KH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Kim, Kyoung Heon/F-1059-2013 OI Kim, Kyoung Heon/0000-0003-4600-8668 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1437 EP 1450 DI 10.1081/SS-100103880 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 455AM UT WOS:000170005400003 ER PT J AU Barr, ME Jarvinen, GD Stark, PC Chamberlin, RM Bartsch, RA Zhang, ZY Zhao, W AF Barr, ME Jarvinen, GD Stark, PC Chamberlin, RM Bartsch, RA Zhang, ZY Zhao, W TI Americium separations from high-salt solutions using anion exchange SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR WASTE TREATMENT; RESINS; PU(IV) AB The aging of the US nuclear stockpile presents a number of challenges, including the increasing radioactivity of plutonium residues due to the in growth of Am-241 from the beta -decay of Pu-241. We investigated parameters that affect the sorption of Am onto anion-exchange resins from concentrated effluents derived from nitric acid processing of plutonium residues. These postevaporator wastes are nearly saturated solutions of acidic nitrate salts, and americium removal is complicated by physical factors, such as solution viscosity and particulates, as well as by the presence of large quantities of competing metals and acid. Single- and double-contact batch distribution coefficients for americium and neodymium from simple and complex surrogate solutions are presented. Varied parameters include the nitrate salt concentration and composition and the nitric acid concentration. We find that under these extremely concentrated conditions, Am(III) removal efficiencies can surpass 50% per contact. Distribution coefficients for both neodymium. and americium are insensitive to solution acidity and appear to be driven primarily by low water activities of the solutions. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Barr, ME (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Chamberlin, Rebecca/A-1335-2011 OI Chamberlin, Rebecca/0000-0001-6468-7778 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 12 BP 2609 EP 2622 DI 10.1081/SS-100107215 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 490BG UT WOS:000172029900002 ER PT J AU Gohdes, JW Duran, BL Clark, NC Robison, TW Smith, BF Sauer, NN AF Gohdes, JW Duran, BL Clark, NC Robison, TW Smith, BF Sauer, NN TI Preparation of water-soluble polymers modified with sulfur donors for recovery of heavy metals SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toxic metals; soluble polymers; sulfur donors ID BINDING POLYMERS; ULTRAFILTRATION; IONS; SEPARATION; COMPLEXES; AMERICIUM; PLUTONIUM; REMOVAL AB Polyethylenimine (PEI) was modified with ligands containing sulfur donors to give soluble polymers for binding toxic metal ions. Reaction of purified PEI with mercaptosuccinic anhydride, ethylene sulfide, or methylthiocyanate gave PEI-MSA (25% functionalization), PEI-ET (100% functionalization), and PEI-TU (25% functionalization), respectively. Purification of the polymers was accomplished by diafiltration. The capacities for toxic metal ions (Hg, Cd, and Pb) and transition metal ions (Cu and Ni) were measured for each of the polymers. PEI-ET and PEI-TU showed high affinity for the softer metal ions, Hg and Cd, with loading capacities substantially higher than those for the base polymer PEI. Both polymers had high capacities for Cu. Release of the metal ions from the polymers was accomplished by lowering pH; however, small amounts of metal remained bound to the polymers at pH 1. Competition studies showed that PEI-TU and PEI-ET bound Hg and Cu more strongly than Cd and Pb. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Chem, Durango, CO 81301 USA. RP Sauer, NN (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 12 BP 2647 EP 2658 DI 10.1081/SS-100107217 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 490BG UT WOS:000172029900004 ER PT J AU Burleigh, MC Dai, S Barnes, CE Xue, ZL AF Burleigh, MC Dai, S Barnes, CE Xue, ZL TI Enhanced ionic recognition by a functionalized mesoporous sol-gel: Synthesis and metal ion selectivity of diaminoethane derivative SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-SIEVES; URANYL ADSORPTION; MONOLAYERS; CHEMISTRY; TEMPLATES; SORBENTS; PATHWAY AB A newly developed double-imprinting methodology was extended to synthesize mesoporous sol-gels that contain a diaminoethane functional group. Formation of a bis[(3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ethylenediamine metal complex, followed by hydrolysis and condensation with tetracthylorthosilicate in the presence of dodecylamine surfactant resulted in the formation of the solid xerogel. Acid washing protonated the amino groups that release the metal ions. This resulted in the formation of binding sites that are uniquely designed with the coordination environment the metal ion prefers. Mesopores were formed by the extraction of the surfactant micelles to give this material relatively large surface areas and good mass-transfer characteristics. A copper (II) imprinted gel showed significantly more enhancement of copper (II) uptake capacities at various concentrations than did a nonimprinted gel made without the metal ion template. The imprinted material also exhibited improved selectivity for removal of copper (II) from Cu2+-Zn2+ aqueous solutions. A sample of the copper imprinted sorbent, which absorbed a total of 99.3% of the copper from a 10(-4) mol/L aqueous solution, removed 95% within 15 minutes. This material has copper distribution coefficients (K-d) as high as 12 000 at 10(-4) mol/L. A separation factor, K > 85, with respect to copper (II) was achieved with an aqueous Cu2+ -Zn2+ system at pH 5.0. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Dai, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 11 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 15 BP 3395 EP 3409 DI 10.1081/SS-100107910 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 508MH UT WOS:000173092500008 ER PT J AU McAlister, DR Dietz, ML Chiarizia, R Herlinger, AW AF McAlister, DR Dietz, ML Chiarizia, R Herlinger, AW TI Metal ion extraction by silyl-substituted diphosphonic acids. I. P,P '-di-[3-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propylene] methylene- and ethylenediphosphonic acids SO SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diphosphonic acids; silyl-substituted; metal ion extraction ID SUPERCRITICAL-FLUID EXTRACTION; P,P'-DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; CO2-SOLUBLE CHELATING-AGENTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EXCHANGE RESIN; SOLID MATERIALS; COMPLEXES; AGGREGATION; LIGANDS; DESIGN AB In conjunction with efforts to develop novel actinide extractants that exhibit solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2), the effect of adding silicon-based functionalities to diphosphonic acids on their aggregation and solvent extraction chemistry was investigated. Two silyl-derivatized diphosphonic acids, P,P'-di[3-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propylene] methylenediphosphonic acid (H2DTMSP[MDP]) and P,P'-di[3-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propylene] ethylenediphosphonic acid (H2DTMSP[EDP]), were prepared and their aggregation and metal ion extraction properties compared to those of the previously studied P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) alkylenediphosphonic acids. Vapor pressure osmometry of H2DTMSP[MDP] and H2DTMSP[EDP] in toluene (25degreesC) indicates that, as is the case for the 2-ethylhexyl-substituted alkylenediphosphonic acid analogs, the compounds are dimeric and (primarily) hexameric, respectively, in the concentration range investigated. Distribution ratio measurements for the alkaline earth cations Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, and Ra2+ as well as the representative tri-, tetra-, and hexavalent actinides Am3+, Th4+, and UO22+ between solutions of H2DTMSP [MDP] and H2DTMSP[EDP] in o-xylene and nitric acid indicate that the behavior of these silyl-derivatized compounds closely mimics that of the analogous P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) alkylenediphosphonic acids, indicating that incorporation of a silyl functionality has no adverse impact on the metal ion extraction properties of diphosphonic acids. C1 Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Herlinger, AW (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, 6525 N Sheridan Rd, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0149-6395 J9 SEPAR SCI TECHNOL JI Sep. Sci. Technol. PY 2001 VL 36 IS 16 BP 3541 EP 3562 DI 10.1081/SS-100108348 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 508MJ UT WOS:000173092600001 ER PT S AU Shabalovskaya, S Ryhanen, J Yahia, LH AF Shabalovskaya, S Ryhanen, J Yahia, LH BE Chu, YY Zhao, LC TI Bioperformance of Nitinol: Surface tendencies SO SHAPE MEMORY MATERIALS AND ITS APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies and Shape Memory Materials (SMST-SMM 2001) CY SEP 02-06, 2001 CL KUNMING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Nonferrous Met Soc China, Int Org Shape Memory & Superelast Technologies, Beijing GEE SMA Co Ltd, Beijing Univ Aeronatu & Astronaut, EUROflex Schuessler GmbH, Grikin Adv Mat Co Ltd, Harbin Inst Technol, Ind Ctr MATEKS Co Ltd, Japan Assoc SMA, Jiangsu Fasten Co Ltd, Lanzhou Seemine SMA Co Ltd, Memry Corp, Nitinol Devices & Components Inc, Shape Memory Applicat Inc, Tianjin Univ, Shape Memory Mat Res & Engn Ctr, Xian SMA Mat Co Ltd DE biocompatibility; chemical/electrochemical passivation; nickel release; Nitinol; sterilization; surface chemistry; surface modification; wettability ID SHAPE-MEMORY; CORROSION-RESISTANCE; ALLOY; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; BEHAVIOR; STENTS; OXIDE; TINI AB A critical survey on the conditions of Nitinol surfaces modified using various modem techniques, oxidized in air / water / steam, and chemically / electrochemically passivated is presented. Various surface parameters are examined (elemental / oxide composition, organic / inorganic contaminants, crystalline vs amorphous character, heterogeneity, wettability) and their importance to the improvement of Nitinol corrosion resistance and biological performance is outlined. The impact of sterilization (ethylene oxide, plasma / H2O2 treatments, and various autoclaving protocols) on Nitinol surface is discussed. The presented analysis exemplifies a dual nature of the Nitinol surface reflecting the fact that we are dealing with a nearly equiatomic intermetallic compound. Varying such parameters as oxidation media, temperature, and electrical potential one can obtain either Ti - base surface with the only oxide TiO2, the most stable of titanium oxides beneficial for Nitinol biocompatibility or Ni - base surface built from less stable and easily soluble Ni oxides and hydroxides detrimental to Nitinol biocompatibility. C1 Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Oulu, Fac Med, Dept Surg, Oulu, Finland. Ecole Polytech, Biomech Biomat Grp, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. RP Shabalovskaya, S (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Inst Phys Res & Technol, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-896-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 394-3 BP 131 EP 138 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU54T UT WOS:000176290100029 ER PT S AU Sitepu, H Schmahl, WW Von Dreele, RB AF Sitepu, H Schmahl, WW Von Dreele, RB BE Chu, YY Zhao, LC TI Quantitative texture analysis of polycrystalline shape-memory alloy NiTi neutron diffraction data by Rietveld refinement using the generalized spherical-harmonic description SO SHAPE MEMORY MATERIALS AND ITS APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies and Shape Memory Materials (SMST-SMM 2001) CY SEP 02-06, 2001 CL KUNMING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Nonferrous Met Soc China, Int Org Shape Memory & Superelast Technologies, Beijing GEE SMA Co Ltd, Beijing Univ Aeronatu & Astronaut, EUROflex Schuessler GmbH, Grikin Adv Mat Co Ltd, Harbin Inst Technol, Ind Ctr MATEKS Co Ltd, Japan Assoc SMA, Jiangsu Fasten Co Ltd, Lanzhou Seemine SMA Co Ltd, Memry Corp, Nitinol Devices & Components Inc, Shape Memory Applicat Inc, Tianjin Univ, Shape Memory Mat Res & Engn Ctr, Xian SMA Mat Co Ltd DE generalized-spherical harmonic model; NiTi shape-memory alloy; quantitative texture analysis; Rietveld refinement; time-of-flight neutron diffraction ID MARTENSITE; PHASE AB The multiple-data-set capabilities of the Rietveld refinement program GSAS was used to extract a quantitative texture description from a simultaneous refinement of 52 time-of-flight neutron diffraction patterns taken from a NiTi polycrystalline sample held in a variety of orientations in the diffractometer. The patterns were analyzed using a generalized spherical-harmonic model for the preferred orientation. With this method the accuracy of the available crystal structure parameters of the monoclinic B19' phase of near stochiometric NiTi (50.14 atomic % Ni) system at room temperature has been improved dramatically. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Geol Mineral & Geophys, DE-44780 Bochum, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sitepu, H (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Geol Mineral & Geophys, Univ Str 150, DE-44780 Bochum, Germany. RI Schmahl, Wolfgang/J-7571-2012 OI Schmahl, Wolfgang/0000-0002-0165-5952 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-896-6 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2001 VL 394-3 BP 233 EP 236 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BU54T UT WOS:000176290100050 ER PT B AU Ipe, NE Mao, S Fasso, A Arthur, J Toor, A Walz, RTD Kroutil, W AF Ipe, NE Mao, S Fasso, A Arthur, J Toor, A Walz, RTD Kroutil, W GP AEN NEA AEN NEA TI The Linac Coherent Light Source SO SHIELDING ASPECTS OF ACCELERATORS, TARGETS AND IRRADIATION FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Meeting on Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities (SATIF-6) CY JUL 18-21, 2000 CL Paris, FRANCE SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB The Linac Coherent Light Source is a self-amplified spontaneous emission based free electron laser to be built at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Centre by a multi-laboratory collaboration. This facility will provide ultra-short pulses of coherent X-ray radiation with the fundamental harmonic energy tuneable over the energy range of 0.82 to 8.2 keV. In addition to the coherent X-ray radiation, which will have an extremely high peak and average brightness, a continuous spectrum of spontaneous synchrotron radiation (SR) of high brightness will also be produced. The characteristics of the LCLS and its associated radiological issues are discussed. C1 SLAC, Dept Radiat Phys, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Ipe, NE (reprint author), SLAC, Dept Radiat Phys, 2575 Sand Hill Rd,MS-48, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-18691-3 PY 2001 BP 93 EP 102 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BS53Z UT WOS:000170265200006 ER PT B AU Rokni, SH Liu, JC Roesler, S AF Rokni, SH Liu, JC Roesler, S GP AEN NEA AEN NEA TI Radiation studies for the environmental protection at the beam delivery system of the Next Linear Collider SO SHIELDING ASPECTS OF ACCELERATORS, TARGETS AND IRRADIATION FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Meeting on Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities (SATIF-6) CY JUL 18-21, 2000 CL Paris, FRANCE SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB The concentration of induced radionuclides in the soil and groundwater around, and air inside, the collimation section of the beam delivery system of the Next Linear Collider are calculated with the FLUKA Monte Carlo code. The concentration of H-3 and Na-22 in groundwater are comparable to the drinking water limits. The fluence of particles (photon, neutron, proton and pion) in the air inside the tunnel for the collimation section is also calculated with FLUKA. The induced activities of 3H, Be-7, C-11, N-13, O-15 and Ar-41 are then estimated by folding the particle fluences with various nuclear cross-sections. The worker exposure during access after accelerator shutdown and the general public dose from radioactivity released to the environment are studied. The concern is for the short-lived radioisotopes of N-13 and O-15, produced mainly by photons, and Ar-41 produced by thermal neutrons. The results show that the radiological consequences from the air activation are minor. C1 SLAC, Dept Radiat Phys, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Rokni, SH (reprint author), SLAC, Dept Radiat Phys, POB 4349,MS 48, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-18691-3 PY 2001 BP 115 EP 125 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BS53Z UT WOS:000170265200008 ER PT B AU Roesler, S Liu, JC Rokni, SH AF Roesler, S Liu, JC Rokni, SH GP AEN NEA AEN NEA TI Radiation damage to electronics in the beam tunnel of the Next Linear Collider SO SHIELDING ASPECTS OF ACCELERATORS, TARGETS AND IRRADIATION FACILITIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Meeting on Shielding Aspects of Accelerators, Targets and Irradiation Facilities (SATIF-6) CY JUL 18-21, 2000 CL Paris, FRANCE SP OECD Nucl Energy Agcy ID DETECTORS AB Radiation damage to electronics in the linac tunnel of the Next Linear Collider due to ionising and non-ionising effects has been estimated with detailed FLUKA simulations. Results for total dose deposited in silicon and for displacement damage by neutrons, protons and charged pions are presented. It is shown that non-radiation-hard electronics could be severely damaged unless sufficiently shielded against radiation. A scenario is proposed in which the electronic components are located in niches in the beam tunnel wall which are shielded by layers of polyethylene. C1 SLAC, Dept Radiat Phys, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Roesler, S (reprint author), SLAC, Dept Radiat Phys, POB 4349,MS 48, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-18691-3 PY 2001 BP 127 EP 137 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BS53Z UT WOS:000170265200009 ER PT J AU Chambers, G Sandusky, H Zerilli, F Rye, K Tussing, R Forbes, J AF Chambers, G Sandusky, H Zerilli, F Rye, K Tussing, R Forbes, J TI Pressure measurements on a deforming surface in response to an underwater explosion in a water-filled aluminum tube SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article DE DYSMAS; shock validation; wall deformation; underwater detonation; computer modeling; streak photography; tourmaline gage AB Experiments have been conducted to benchmark DYSMAS computer code calculations for the dynamic interaction of water with cylindrical structures. Small explosive charges were suspended using hypodermic needle tubing inside Al tubes filed with distilled water. Pressures were measured during shock loading by tourmaline crystal, carbon resistor and ytterbium foil ages bonded to the tube using a variety of adhesives. Comparable calculated and measured pressures were obtained for the explosive charges used, with some gages surviving long enough tl, record results after cavitation with the tube wall. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Carderock Div, Carderock, MD 20817 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chambers, G (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. NR 4 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2001 VL 8 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 455BT UT WOS:000170008200001 ER PT J AU Schultze, JF Hemez, FM Doebling, SW Sohn, H AF Schultze, JF Hemez, FM Doebling, SW Sohn, H TI Application of non-linear system model updating using feature extraction and parameter effects analysis SO SHOCK AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB This research presents a new method to improve analytical model fidelity for non-linear systems. The approach investigates several mechanisms to assist the analyst in updating an analytical model based on experimental data and statistical analysis of parameter effects. The first is a new approach at data reduction called feature extraction. This approach is an expansion of the `classic' update metrics to include specific phenomena or character of the response that is critical to model application. This is an extension of the familiar linear updating paradigm of utilizing the eigen-parameters or frequency response functions (FRFs) to include such devices as peak acceleration, time of arrival or standard deviation of model error. The next expansion of the updating process is the inclusion of statistical based parameter analysis to quantify the effects of uncertain or significant effect parameters in the construction of a meta-model. This provides indicators of the statistical variation associated with parameters as well as confidence intervals on the coefficients of the resulting meta-model. Also included in this method is the investigation of linear parameter effect screening using a partial factorial variable array for simulation. This is intended to aid the analyst in eliminating from the investigation the parameters that do not have a significant variation effect on the feature metric. Finally, an investigation of the model to replicate the measured response variation is examined. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weap Response Grp ESA WR, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schultze, JF (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Weap Response Grp ESA WR, M-S P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1070-9622 J9 SHOCK VIB JI Shock Vib. PY 2001 VL 8 IS 6 BP 325 EP 337 PG 13 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 508HH UT WOS:000173082300002 ER PT J AU Goldberg, LA Paterson, M Srinivasan, A Sweedyk, E AF Goldberg, LA Paterson, M Srinivasan, A Sweedyk, E TI Better approximation guarantees for job-shop scheduling SO SIAM JOURNAL ON DISCRETE MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE approximation; guarantees; job-shop; scheduling ID LOCAL LEMMA; ALGORITHMS AB Job-shop scheduling is a classical NP-hard problem. Shmoys, Stein, and Wein presented the rst polynomial-time approximation algorithm for this problem that has a good (polylogarithmic) approximation guarantee. We improve the approximation guarantee of their work and present further improvements for some important NP-hard special cases of this problem (e.g., in the preemptive case where machines can suspend work on operations and later resume). We also present NC algorithms with improved approximation guarantees for some NP-hard special cases. C1 Univ Warwick, Dept Comp Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. Inst Adv Study, Sch Math, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NSF, Ctr Discrete Math & Theoret Comp Sci, Arlington, VA USA. Univ Melbourne, Dept Comp Sci, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Harvey Mudd Coll, Olin Sci Ctr, Dept Comp Sci, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. RP Goldberg, LA (reprint author), Univ Warwick, Dept Comp Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. EM leslie@dcs.warwick.ac.uk; msp@dcs.warwick.ac.uk; srin@research.bell-labs.com; z@cs.hmc.edu NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0895-4801 EI 1095-7146 J9 SIAM J DISCRETE MATH JI SIAM Discret. Math. PY 2001 VL 14 IS 1 BP 67 EP 92 DI 10.1137/S0895480199326104 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 414PZ UT WOS:000167676500005 ER PT S AU Paglieroni, DW Perkins, DE AF Paglieroni, DW Perkins, DE BE Drummond, OE TI Automatic extraction of closed pixel clusters for target cueing in hyperspectral images SO SIGNAL AND DATA PROCESSING OF SMALL TARGETS 2001 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE automatic target cueing (ATC); anomaly detection; Pixel Cluster Cueing (PCC) algorithm; RX algorithm AB Traditional algorithms for automatic target cueing (ATC) in hyperspectral images, such as the RX algorithm, treat anomaly detection as a simple hypothesis testing problem. Each decision threshold gives rise to a different set of anomalous pixels. The clustered RX algorithm generates target cues by grouping anomalous pixels into spatial clusters, and retaining only those clusters that satisfy target specific spatial constraints. It produces one set of target cues for each of several decision thresholds, and conservatively requires O(K-2) operations per Pixel, where K is the number of spectral bands (which varies from hundreds to thousands in hyperspectral images). A novel ATC algorithm, known as Pixel Cluster Cueing (PCC, is discussed. PCC groups pixels into clusters based on spectral similarity and spatial proximity, and then selects only those clusters that satisfy target-specific spatial constraints as target cues. PCC requires only O(K) operations per pixel, and it produces only one set of target cues because it is not an anomaly detection algorithm, i.e., it does not use a decision threshold to classify individual pixels as anomalies. PCC is compared both computationally and statistically to the RX algorithm. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Paglieroni, DW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4187-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4473 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1117/12.492800 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU37U UT WOS:000175830200006 ER PT B AU Barhen, J AF Barhen, J BE Giambiasi, N Frydman, C TI Simulation of oil well pseudo logs using a neural network with ultrafast learning SO SIMULATION IN INDUSTRY 2001 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th European Simulation Symposium CY OCT 18-20, 2001 CL MARSEILLE, FRANCE SP Soc Comp Simulat, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int, ASIM, DIAM IUSPIM, Chinese Assoc Syst Simulat, Czech & Slovak Simulat Soc, European Simulat Council, Federat European Simulat Soc, Hungarian Simulat Soc, Japan Soc Simulat Technol, Latvian Simulat Soc, Turkish Simulat Soc DE neural networks; ultrafast learning; virtual layer; uncertainty reduction; seismic analysis; petroleum reservoir characterization ID ALGORITHM AB The ability to accurately predict the location of remaining oil in the neighborhood of existing production wells is of vital economic importance to the petroleum industry. New algorithms for Ultrafast (single iteration) learning in feedforward neural networks are used to generate accurate well pseudo logs from seismic data across an entire oil field. Preliminary results show remarkable promise of this methodology for petroleum reservoir characterization. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci & Math, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Barhen, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci & Math, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC COMPUTER SIMULATION PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92177 USA BN 90-77039-02-3 PY 2001 BP 691 EP 695 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BU02E UT WOS:000174740600124 ER PT J AU Michalet, X Pinaud, F Lacoste, TD Dahan, M Bruchez, MP Alivisatos, AP Weiss, S AF Michalet, X Pinaud, F Lacoste, TD Dahan, M Bruchez, MP Alivisatos, AP Weiss, S TI Properties of fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals and their application to biological labeling SO SINGLE MOLECULES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Les Houches Spring School on Optical Spectroscopy and Microscopy of Single Objects CY MAY 06-11, 2001 CL LES HOUCHES, FRANCE ID CADMIUM SELENIDE NANOCRYSTALS; CDSE/CDS CORE/SHELL NANOCRYSTALS; DOT QUANTUM-WELL; SPECTRAL DIFFUSION; SULFIDE CRYSTALLITES; EMISSION; GROWTH; SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE; DNA AB We review recent advances in the development of colloidal fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals (a class of quantum dots) for biological labeling. Although some of the photophysical properties of nanocrystals are not fully understood and are still actively investigated, researchers have begun developing bioconjugation schemes and applying such probes to biological assays. Nanocrystals possess several qualities that make them very attractive for fluorescent tagging: broad excitation spectrum, narrow emission spectrum, precise tunability of their emission peak, longer fluorescence lifetime than organic fluorophores and negligible photobleaching, On the down side, their emission is strongly intermittent ("blinking") and their size is relatively large for many biological uses. We describe how to take advantage of nanocrystals' spectral properties to increase the resolution of fluorescence microscopy measurements down to the nanometer level. We also show how their long fluorescence lifetime can be used to observe molecules and organelles in living cells without interference from background autofluorescence, a pre-requisite for single molecule detectability. Finally, their availability in multicolor species and their single molecule sensitivity open up interesting possibilities for genomics applications. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Biochem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Dept Physiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Michalet, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bruchez, Marcel/C-2271-2009; Pinaud, Fabien/F-2306-2010; Dahan, Maxime /F-1740-2010; weiss, shimon/B-4164-2009; Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015; Michalet, Xavier/A-9704-2009 OI Bruchez, Marcel/0000-0002-7370-4848; weiss, shimon/0000-0002-0720-5426; Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048; Michalet, Xavier/0000-0001-6602-7693 NR 98 TC 308 Z9 312 U1 8 U2 79 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1438-5163 J9 SINGLE MOL JI Single Mol. PY 2001 VL 2 IS 4 BP 261 EP 276 DI 10.1002/1438-5171(200112)2:4<261::AID-SIMO261>3.0.CO;2-P PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 525MD UT WOS:000174074800007 ER PT B AU Markel, T Wipke, K AF Markel, T Wipke, K BE Das, RSL Frank, H TI Modeling grid-connected hybrid electric vehicles using ADVISOR SO SIXTEENTH ANNUAL BATTERY CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances CY JAN 09-12, 2001 CL CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH, LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Electrochem Soc Inc, Los Angeles City, Dept Water & Power, Independent Battery Manufacturers Assoc Inc, Int Cadmium Assoc (N Amer), Int Battery Technol Inc, SO Calif Edison Co, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Calif State, Dept Elect Engn HO CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH AB The overall system efficiency of a hybrid electric vehicle is highly dependent on the energy management strategy employed. In this paper, an electric utility grid-connected energy management strategy for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle is presented. ADVISOR was used as a modeling tool to determine the appropriate size of the hybrid components and the energy management strategy parameter settings. Simulation results demonstrated that with this strategy it is possible to achieve double the fuel economy of a comparable conventional vehicle while satisfying all performance constraints. In addition, the final vehicle design provides an all-electric range capability in excess of 20 miles. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Markel, T (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6545-3 PY 2001 BP 23 EP 29 DI 10.1109/BCAA.2001.905095 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BR58U UT WOS:000166855600004 ER PT B AU Guidotti, RA Reinhardt, FW Dai, JX Xiao, TD Reisner, DE AF Guidotti, RA Reinhardt, FW Dai, JX Xiao, TD Reisner, DE BE Das, RSL Frank, H TI Review of US Nanocorp (R) - SNL joint development of thermal-sprayed thin-film cathodes for thermal batteries SO SIXTEENTH ANNUAL BATTERY CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances CY JAN 09-12, 2001 CL CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH, LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Electrochem Soc Inc, Los Angeles City, Dept Water & Power, Independent Battery Manufacturers Assoc Inc, Int Cadmium Assoc (N Amer), Int Battery Technol Inc, SO Calif Edison Co, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Calif State, Dept Elect Engn HO CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH AB The use of plasma spray to deposit thin metal-sulfide cathode films is described in this paper. Conventional electroactive stack components in thermal batteries are constructed from pressed-powder parts that are difficult to fabricate in large diameters in thicknesses <0.010 ". Plasma-sprayed electrodes do not suffer from this difficulty, allowing greater energy densities and specific energies to be realized. Various co-spraying agents have been found suitable for improving the mechanical as well as electrochemical properties of plasma-sprayed cathodes for thermal batteries. These electrodes generally show equal or improved performance over conventional pressed-powder electrodes. A number of areas for future growth and development of plasma-spray technology will be discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Guidotti, RA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6545-3 PY 2001 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1109/BCAA.2001.905113 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BR58U UT WOS:000166855600022 ER PT B AU Pesaran, AA Keyser, M AF Pesaran, AA Keyser, M BE Das, RSL Frank, H TI Thermal characteristics of selected EV and HEV batteries SO SIXTEENTH ANNUAL BATTERY CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances CY JAN 09-12, 2001 CL CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH, LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Electrochem Soc Inc, Los Angeles City, Dept Water & Power, Independent Battery Manufacturers Assoc Inc, Int Cadmium Assoc (N Amer), Int Battery Technol Inc, SO Calif Edison Co, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Calif State, Dept Elect Engn HO CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH AB Battery management is essential for achieving desired performance and life cycle from a particular battery pack in Electric and Hybrid Vehicles (EV and HEV). The batteries must be thermally managed in addition to the electrical control. In order to design battery pack management systems, the designers need to know the thermal characteristics of modules and batteries. Thermal characteristics that are needed include heat capacity of modules, temperature distribution and heat generation from modules under various charge/discharge profiles. In the last few years, we have been investigating thermal management of batteries and conducting tests to obtain thermal characteristics of various EV and HEV batteries. We used a calorimeter to measure heat capacity and heat generation from batteries and infrared equipment to obtain thermal images of battery modules under load. In this paper, we will present our approach for thermal characterization of batteries (heat generation, heat capacity, and thermal images) by providing selected data on valve regulated lead acid, lithium ion, and nickel zinc battery modules/cells. For each battery type, the heat generation rate depends on the initial state of charge, initial temperature, and charge/discharge profile. Thermal imaging indicated that the temperature distribution in modules/cells depends on their design. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pesaran, AA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 14 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6545-3 PY 2001 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1109/BCAA.2001.905129 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BR58U UT WOS:000166855600038 ER PT B AU Roth, EP Crafts, CC Doughty, DH AF Roth, EP Crafts, CC Doughty, DH BE Das, RSL Frank, H TI Thermal abuse studies on lithium ion rechargeable batteries SO SIXTEENTH ANNUAL BATTERY CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS AND ADVANCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances CY JAN 09-12, 2001 CL CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH, LONG BEACH, CA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, Electrochem Soc Inc, Los Angeles City, Dept Water & Power, Independent Battery Manufacturers Assoc Inc, Int Cadmium Assoc (N Amer), Int Battery Technol Inc, SO Calif Edison Co, IEEE, Aerosp & Electr Syst Soc, Calif State, Dept Elect Engn HO CALIF STATE UNIV LONG BEACH ID ACCELERATING RATE CALORIMETRY; INTERCALATED GRAPHITE; ELECTRODES; STABILITY AB The thermal stability of Li-ion cells with intercalating carbon anodes and metal oxide cathodes was measured as a function of state of charge and temperature for two advanced cell chemistries. Cells of the 18550 design with LixCoO2 cathodes (commercial SONY cells) and LixNi0.85Co0.15O2 cathodes were measured for thermal reactivity in the open circuit cell condition. Calorimetric techniques of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) were used to characterize these cells in both full cell configuration and as individual electrode components. The effects of thermal aging on cell thermal response were also investigated. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Roth, EP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800 MS0613, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6545-3 PY 2001 BP 375 EP 380 DI 10.1109/BCAA.2001.905158 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BR58U UT WOS:000166855600065 ER PT J AU Cullander, C Grant, PG Bench, G AF Cullander, C Grant, PG Bench, G TI Development of a low-metal adhesive tape to detect and localize metals in or on the stratum corneum at parts per million levels SO SKIN PHARMACOLOGY AND APPLIED SKIN PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Structure and Function of the Stratum Corneum as a Border Organ CY NOV, 2000 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP Ctr Exptl & Appl Cutaneous Physiol, L Oreal DE tape-stripping; skin; exposure assessment; stratum corneum; particle-induced X-ray emission ID PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; IN-VIVO; SKIN; EXPOSURE; SPECTROSCOPY; INVIVO; ASSAY; HAND AB Tape-stripping is a well-established method for sampling the stratum corneum (SC). We have developed a tape with low-metal content suitable for use with particle-induced Xray emission (PIXE), an analytical technique based on X-ray spectrometry. PIXE analysis of tape-stripped samples of SC is a reliable and minimally invasive means of identifying and quantifying metals present at parts per million levels. Assay feasibility and reproducibility was demonstrated using human volunteers. This new tape-strip technique has potential applications in exposure and decontamination assessment, diagnosis of metal dermatitis, forensics, and in environmental research. Copyright (C) 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Pharm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assessment Div, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Cullander, C (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Pharm, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1422-2868 J9 SKIN PHARMACOL APPL JI Skin Pharmacol. Appl. Skin Physiol. PY 2001 VL 14 SU 1 BP 46 EP 51 DI 10.1159/000056390 PG 6 WC Dermatology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Dermatology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 467VM UT WOS:000170724500010 PM 11509907 ER PT S AU Auciello, O Gruen, DM Krauss, AR Jayatissa, A Sumant, A Tucek, J Mancini, DC Moldovan, N Erdemir, A Ersoy, D Gardos, MN Busmann, HG Meyer, EM AF Auciello, O Gruen, DM Krauss, AR Jayatissa, A Sumant, A Tucek, J Mancini, DC Moldovan, N Erdemir, A Ersoy, D Gardos, MN Busmann, HG Meyer, EM BE Wilson, AR Asanuma, H TI Science and technology of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) thin films for multifunctional devices SO SMART MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Smart Materials and MEMS CY DEC 13-15, 2000 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP SPIE, Dept Def, Australia, Def Sci & Technol Org, State Govt Victoria, Australia, Victorian Dept State & Reg Dev, Swinburne Univ Technol DE ultrananocrystalline diamond; coatings; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); low wear; low friction ID NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; MICROWAVE PLASMAS; GROWTH; SENSOR; FABRICATION; PRECURSORS; SURFACE; TIPS; MEMS; TEM AB MEMS devices are currently fabricated primarily in silicon because of the available surface machining technology. However, Si has poor mechanical and tribological properties, and practical MEMS devices are currently limited primarily to applications involving only bending and flexural motion, such as cantilever accelerometers and vibration sensors. However, because of the poor flexural strength and fracture toughness of Si, and the tendency of Si to adhere to hydrophyllic surfaces, even these simple devices have limited dynamic range. Future MEMS applications that involve significant rolling or sliding contact will require the use of new materials with significantly improved mechanical and tribological properties, and the ability to perform well in harsh environments. Diamond is a superhard material of high mechanical strength, exceptional chemical inertness, and outstanding thermal stability. The brittle fracture strength is 23 times that of Si, and the projected wear life of diamond MEMS moving mechanical assemblies (MEMS-MMAs) is 10,000 times greater than that of Si MMAs. However, as the hardest known material, diamond is notoriously difficult to fabricate. Conventional CVD thin film deposition methods offer an approach to the fabrication of ultra-small diamond structures, but the films have large grain size, high internal stress, poor intergranular adhesion, and very rough surfaces, and are consequently ill-suited for MEMS-MMA applications. A thin film deposition process has been developed that produces phase-pure ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) with morphological and mechanical properties that are ideally suited for MEMS applications in general, and MMA use in particular. We have developed lithographic techniques for the fabrication of diamond microstructures including cantilevers and multi-level devices, acting as precursors to micro-bearings and gears, making UNCD a promising material for the development of high performance MEMS devices. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3908-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4234 BP XIX EP XXIX PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BS26C UT WOS:000169262800002 ER PT S AU Auciello, O Gruen, DM Krauss, AR Jayatissa, A Sumant, A Tucek, J Mancini, DC Moldovan, N Erdemir, A Ersoy, D Gardos, MN Busmann, HG Meyer, EM AF Auciello, O Gruen, DM Krauss, AR Jayatissa, A Sumant, A Tucek, J Mancini, DC Moldovan, N Erdemir, A Ersoy, D Gardos, MN Busmann, HG Meyer, EM BE Sood, DK Lawes, RA Varadan, VV TI Science and technology of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) thin films for multifunctional devices SO SMART STRUCTURES AND DEVICES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Smart Materials and MEMS CY DEC 13-15, 2000 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP SPIE, Dept Def, Australia, Def Sci & Technol Org, State Govt Victoria, Australia, Victorian Dept State & Reg Dev, Swinburne Univ Technol DE ultrananocrystalline diamond; coatings; microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); low wear; low friction ID NANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND; MICROWAVE PLASMAS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; GROWTH; SENSOR; FABRICATION; PRECURSORS; SURFACE; TIPS; MEMS AB MEMS devices are currently fabricated primarily in silicon because of the available surface machining technology. However, Si has poor mechanical and tribological properties, and practical MEMS devices are currently limited primarily to applications involving only bending and flexural motion, such as cantilever accelerometers and vibration sensors. However, because of the poor flexural strength and fracture toughness of Si, and the tendency of Si to adhere to hydrophyllic surfaces, even these simple devices have limited dynamic range. Future MEMS applications that involve significant rolling or sliding contact will require the use of new materials with significantly improved mechanical and tribological properties, and the ability to perform well in harsh environments. Diamond is a superhard material of high mechanical strength, exceptional chemical inertness, and outstanding thermal stability. The brittle fracture strength is 23 times that of Si, and the projected wear life of diamond MEMS moving mechanical assemblies (MEMS-MMAs) is 10,000 times greater than that of Si MMAs. However, as the hardest known material, diamond is notoriously difficult to fabricate. Conventional CVD thin film deposition methods offer an approach to the fabrication of ultra-small diamond structures, but the films have large grain size, high internal stress, poor intergranular adhesion, and very rough surfaces, and are consequently ill-suited for MEMS-MMA applications. A thin film deposition process has been developed that produces phase-pure ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) with morpholagical and mechanical properties that are ideally suited for MEMS applications in general, and MMA use in particular. We have developed lithographic techniques for the fabrication of diamond microstructures including cantilevers and multi-level devices, acting as precursors to micro-bearings and gears, making UNCD a promising material for the development of high performance MEMS devices. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3909-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4235 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1117/12.420857 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BS26D UT WOS:000169262900002 ER PT S AU Sohn, H Worden, K Farrar, CR AF Sohn, H Worden, K Farrar, CR BE Liu, SC TI Novelty detection under changing environmental conditions SO SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 2001: SMART SYSTEMS FOR BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HIGHWAYS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smart Structures and Materials 2001 Conference CY MAR 05-08, 2001 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP SPIE, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech, Boeing Co, USAF Res Lab, DARPA, Ceram Soc Japan, Intelligent Mat Forum, USA Res Off, Jet Propuls Lab DE novelty detection; auto-associative neural networks; damage diagnosis; operational and environmental variations ID NEURAL-NETWORK AB The primary objective of novelty detection is to examine a system's dynamic response to determine if the system significantly deviates from an initial baseline condition. In reality, the system is often subject to changing environmental and operation conditions that affect its dynamic characteristics. Such variations include changes in loading, boundary conditions, temperature, and moisture. Most damage diagnosis techniques, however, generally neglect the effects of these changing ambient conditions. Here, a novelty detection technique is developed explicitly taking into account these natural variations of the system in order to minimize false positive indications of true system changes. Auto-associative neural networks are employed to discriminate system changes of interest such as structural deterioration and damage from the natural variations of the system. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sohn, H (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS C926, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4016-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4330 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1117/12.434110 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BT20N UT WOS:000172264300012 ER PT B AU Kercel, SW Klein, MB Pouet, B AF Kercel, SW Klein, MB Pouet, B BE Embrechts, MJ VanLandingham, HF Ovaska, SJ TI Wavelet and wavelet-packet analysis of lamb wave signatures in real-time instrumentation SO SMCIA/01: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2001 IEEE MOUNTAIN WORKSHOP ON SOFT COMPUTING IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Mountain Workshop on Soft Computing in Industrial Applications (SMCia/01) CY JUN 25-27, 2001 CL VIRGINIA TECH, BLACKSBURG, VA SP IEEE Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Helsinki Univ Technol, Muroran Inst Technol, Rensselaer Polytechn Inst, Luna Innovat Inc HO VIRGINIA TECH AB A persistent problem in the analysis of Lamb wave signatures in experimental data is the fact that several different modes appear simultaneously in the signal. The modes overlap in both frequency and time domains. Attempts to separate the overlapping Lamb wave signatures by conventional signal processing methods have been unsatisfactory. As might be expected, the transient nature of Lamb waves makes them readily tractable to wavelet analysis. The authors have used the discrete wavelet transform and the wavelet packet transform to untangle the Lamb wave signature. Furthermore, both techniques are realizable in the highly parallel cascaded-lattice architecture, and are well suited for on-line real-time instrumentation. For signatures of Lamb waves captured in laser ultrasonic data in tailor-welded blanks, this has led to straightforward detection of weld defects and demonstration of principle that weld defects can be classified according to the type of defect as revealed by features in wavelet space. This technique has considerable commercial value for online monitoring of manufacturing processes For example, laser-based ultrasonic (LBU) measurement shows great promise for on-line monitoring of weld quality in tailor-welded blanks. Tailor-welded blanks are steel blanks made from plates of differing thickness and/or properties butt-welded together; they are used in automobile manufacturing to produce body, frame, and closure panels. LBU uses a pulsed laser to generate the ultrasound and a continuous wave (CW) laser interferometer to detect the ultrasound at the point of interrogation to perform ultrasonic inspection. LBU enables in-process measurements since there is no sensor contact or near-contact with the workpiece. The authors are using laser-generated plate (Lamb) waves to propagate from one plate into the weld nugget as a means of detecting defects. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Klein, MB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7154-2 PY 2001 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1109/SMCIA.2001.936719 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BS66N UT WOS:000170768300001 ER PT B AU Yonas, G Picraux, ST AF Yonas, G Picraux, ST BE Roco, MC Bainbridge, WS TI National needs drivers for nanotechnology SO SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Societal Implications of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology CY SEP 28-29, 2000 CL NATL SCI FDN, ARLINGTON, VA HO NATL SCI FDN AB Nanoscience and nanotechnology may turn out to have significant societal implications, as would be the case for any truly revolutionary advance in technology. We have identified three areas - natural resources, human condition, and security - where trends are raising significant social issues that will become drivers for technological change. To achieve a safe, secure world we must consider both global and national aspects of security, and the above issue areas are significant in this broader context. These problems are complex and require a life cycle systems approach for technological advances to contribute to real societal solutions. Finally, as with any radically new technology, the consequences of using nanotechnologies can harm as well as help mankind. It is up to society to debate and develop total and durable solutions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yonas, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-7178-X PY 2001 BP 46 EP 55 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Social Issues SC Engineering; Materials Science; Social Issues GA BV19G UT WOS:000178107000007 ER PT S AU Tichenor, DA Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Lee, SH Chapman, HN Replogle, WC Berger, KW Stulen, RH Kubiak, GD Klebanoff, LE Wronosky, JB O'Connell, DJ Leung, AH Jefferson, KL Ballard, WP Hale, LC Blaedel, K Taylor, JS Folta, JA Spiller, E Soufli, R Sommargren, GE Sweeney, DW Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Gullikson, EM Bokor, J Attwood, DT Mickan, U Hanzen, R Panning, E Yan, PY Bjorkholm, JE Gwyn, CW AF Tichenor, DA Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Lee, SH Chapman, HN Replogle, WC Berger, KW Stulen, RH Kubiak, GD Klebanoff, LE Wronosky, JB O'Connell, DJ Leung, AH Jefferson, KL Ballard, WP Hale, LC Blaedel, K Taylor, JS Folta, JA Spiller, E Soufli, R Sommargren, GE Sweeney, DW Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Gullikson, EM Bokor, J Attwood, DT Mickan, U Hanzen, R Panning, E Yan, PY Bjorkholm, JE Gwyn, CW BE Tichenor, DA Folta, JA TI Initial results from the EUV Engineering Test Stand SO SOFT X-RAY AND EUV IMAGING SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-Ray and EUV Imaging Systems II CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE EUVL; lithography; laser-produced plasma; laser plasma source ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; SYSTEM AB The Engineering Test Stand (ETS) is an EUV lithography tool designed to demonstrate full-field EUV imaging and provide data required to accelerate production-tool development. Early lithographic results and progress on continuing functional upgrades are presented and discussed. In the ETS a source of 13.4 nm radiation is provided by a laser plasma source in which a Nd:YAG laser beam is focused onto a xenon-cluster target. A condenser system, comprised of multilayer-coated and grazing incidence mirrors, collects the EUV radiation and directs it onto a reflecting reticle. The resulting EUV illumination at the reticle and pupil has been measured and meets requirements for acquisition of first images. Tool setup experiments have been completed using a developmental projection system with lambda/14 wavefront error (WFE), while the assembly and alignment of the final projection system with lambda/24 WFE progresses in parallel. These experiments included identification of best focus at the central field point and characterization of imaging performance in static imaging mode. A small amount of astiamatism was observed and corrected in situ, as is routinely done in advanced optical lithographic tools. Pitch and roll corrections were made to achieve focus throughout the arc-shaped field of view. Scan parameters were identified by printing dense features with varying amounts of magnification and skew correction. Through-focus scanned imaging results, showing 100 nm isolated and dense features, will be presented. Phase 2 implementation goals for the ETS will also be discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tichenor, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4220-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4506 BP 9 EP 18 AR UNSP 4506-02 DI 10.1117/12.450953 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU16D UT WOS:000175177600002 ER PT S AU Bajt, S Alameda, J Barbee, T Clift, WM Folta, JA Kaufmann, B Spiller, E AF Bajt, S Alameda, J Barbee, T Clift, WM Folta, JA Kaufmann, B Spiller, E BE Tichenor, DA Folta, JA TI Improved reflectance and stability of Mo/Si multilayers SO SOFT X-RAY AND EUV IMAGING SYSTEMS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-Ray and EUV Imaging Systems II CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE multilayers; reflectivity; interfaces; capping layers; oxidation resistance; extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; MO/BE MULTILAYER; HIGH-RESOLUTION; COATINGS; RADIATION; OPTICS; LAYERS AB Commercial EUV lithographic systems require multilayers; with higher reflectance and better stability then that published to date. This work represents our effort to meet these specifications. Interface-engineered Mo/Si multilayers with 70% reflectance at 13.5 nm wavelength (peak width of 0.545 nm) and 71% at 12.7 run wavelength (peak width of 0.49 nm) were developed. These results were achieved with 50 bilayers. These new multilayers consist of Mo and Si layers separated by thin boron carbide layers. Depositing boron carbide on interfaces leads to reduction in silicide formation of the Mo-on-Si interfaces. Bilayer contraction is reduced by 30% implying that there is less intermixing of Mo and Si to form silicide. As a result the Mo-on-Si interfaces are sharper in interface-engineered multilayers than in standard Mo/Si multilayers. The optimum boron carbide thicknesses have been determined and appear to be different for Mo-on-Si and Si-on-Mo interfaces. The best results were obtained with 0.4 nm thick boron carbide layer for the Mo-on-Si interface and 0.25 nm thick boron carbide layer for the Si-on-Mo interface. Increase in reflectance is consistent with multilayers with sharper and smoother interfaces. A significant improvement in oxidation resistance of EUV multilayers has been achieved with ruthenium terminated Mo/Si multilayers. The best capping layer design consists of a Ru layer separated from the last Si layer by a boron carbide diffusion barrier. This design achieves high reflectance and the best oxidation resistance in a water vapor (i.e. oxidation) environment. Electron beam exposures of 4.5 hours in the presence of 5x10(-7) torr water vapor partial pressure show no measurable reflectance loss and no increase in the oxide thickness of Ru terminated multilayers. Longer exposures in different environments are necessary to test lifetime stability of many years. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. RP Bajt, S (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94450 USA. NR 23 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4220-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4506 BP 65 EP 75 AR UNSP 4506-12 DI 10.1117/12.450946 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BU16D UT WOS:000175177600009 ER PT S AU Liu, YW Caffey, J Artioukov, I Vinogradov, AV Rocca, JJ Attwood, D AF Liu, YW Caffey, J Artioukov, I Vinogradov, AV Rocca, JJ Attwood, D BE Fill, EE Rocca, JJG TI Focusability of a capillary discharge-pumped soft x-ray laser beam SO SOFT X-RAY LASERS AND APPLICATIONS IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-Ray Lasers and Applications IV CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE soft x-ray laser; high intensity; focusing; beam quality; M-squared ID GENERATION; AMPLIFIER AB Soft X-ray lasers have become practical light sources for applications such as interferometric diagnosis of plasmas, the measurement of optical constants, and the characterization of EUV optics. For many potential applications involving light-matter interaction and nonlinear physics, the achievable light intensity is a critical parameter. High intensity could be realized by focusing high pulse energy light with good beam quality. Recent progress at Colorado State University has realized milli-joule level pulse energy at 46.9 nm from a capillary discharge-pumped tabletop soft x-ray laser. Direct measurements of the spatial coherence of the laser beam using a two-pinhole interference method have shown very high spatial coherence of the beam. These results imply the possibility of achieving very high intensity in the soft x-ray region. In this paper we report the results of a focusing experiment conducted with the laser mentioned above and designed to measure the focusability of the beam. The spatial profile of the focused beam is measured with knife-edge scanning technique and characterized with an M-squared factor. The results suggest that 10(13) W/cm(2) intensity is achievable with modestly tight focusing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 2-4000,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ywliu@lbl.gov; rocca@engr.colostate.edu RI Artyukov, Igor/B-3105-2009 OI Artyukov, Igor/0000-0001-7915-697X NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4219-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2001 VL 4505 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.450601 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT91W UT WOS:000174432100006 ER PT S AU Dunn, J Smith, RF Nilsen, J Hunter, JR Barbee, TW Shlyaptsev, VN Filevich, J Rocca, JJ Marconi, MC Fiedorowicz, H Bartnik, A AF Dunn, J Smith, RF Nilsen, J Hunter, JR Barbee, TW Shlyaptsev, VN Filevich, J Rocca, JJ Marconi, MC Fiedorowicz, H Bartnik, A BE Fill, EE Rocca, JJG TI Recent x-ray laser experiments on the COMET facility SO SOFT X-RAY LASERS AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-Ray Lasers and Applications IV CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray laser; transient gain; gas puff targets; x-ray imaging; soft x-ray interferometry ID HIGH-DENSITY PLASMAS; TRANSIENT GAIN; TABLETOP; PULSE; NM; INTERFEROMETRY; AMPLIFICATION AB The development of the transient collisional excitation x-ray laser scheme using tabletop laser systems with multiple pulse capability has progressed rapidly in the last three years. The high small-signal gain and strong x-ray output have been demonstrated for laser drive energies of typically less than 10 J. We report recent x-ray laser experiments on the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Compact Multipulse Terawatt (COMET) tabletop facility using this technique. In particular, the saturated output from the Ni-like Pd ion 4d - 4p x-ray laser at 146.8 Angstrom has been well characterized and has potential towards a useable x-ray source in a number of applications. One important application of a short wavelength x-ray laser beam with picosecond pulse duration is the study of a high density laser-produced plasma. We report the implementation of a Mach-Zehnder type interferometer using diffraction grating optics as beam splitters; designed for the Ni-like Pd laser and show results from probing a 600 ps heated plasma. In addition, gas puff targets are investigated as an x-ray laser gain medium and we report results of strong lasing on the n = 3 - 3 transitions of Ne-like Ar. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dunn, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4219-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4505 BP 62 EP 74 DI 10.1117/12.450575 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT91W UT WOS:000174432100009 ER PT S AU Nilsen, J Dunn, J AF Nilsen, J Dunn, J BE Fill, EE Rocca, JJG TI Modeling of short-pulse-driven nickel-like X-ray lasers and recent experiments SO SOFT X-RAY LASERS AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-Ray Lasers and Applications IV CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE X-ray laser; prepulse technique ID TABLETOP; TITANIUM; GAIN; NM AB The technique of using a nsec pulse to preform and ionize the plasma followed by a psec pulse to heat the plasma has enabled low-Z nickel-like ions to achieve saturated output when driven by small lasers with less than ten joules of energy. We model experiments done using the COMET laser at LLNL and the P102 laser at Limeil to produce Ni-like Pd and Ag lasers. The COMET experiments use a 2 J, 600 ps prepulse followed 700 psec later by a 6 J, 6 psec drive pulse in a 1.6 cm long line focus. The P102 experiments used a somewhat larger energy and were able to use different combinations of frequency doubled light for both the prepulse and short pulse drive. The LASNEX code is used to calculate the hydrodynamic evolution of the plasma and provide the temperatures and densities to the CRETIN code, which then does the kinetics calculations to determine the gain. The temporal and spatial evolution of the plasmas are studied both with and without radiation transport included to understand the role of the self photopumping process on the gain of the Ni-like 4f --> 4d laser lines as well as the gain of the usual collisionally driven Ni-like 4d --> 4p laser lines. In particular we study why the 4f --> 4d line lases well only when frequency doubled light is used with the prepulse in the P102 experiments. Experimental results are presented for Ni-like Pd including two-dimensional near-field and far-field images. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nilsen, J (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4219-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4505 BP 100 EP 106 DI 10.1117/12.450579 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT91W UT WOS:000174432100013 ER PT S AU Li, YL Huang, ZR Borland, MD Milton, S AF Li, YL Huang, ZR Borland, MD Milton, S BE Fill, EE Rocca, JJG TI Bright, sub-100-fs X-ray pulse using small-angle Thomson scattering of ultrafast laser pulses SO SOFT X-RAY LASERS AND APPLICATIONS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Soft X-Ray Lasers and Applications IV CY AUG 01-03, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE ultrafast X-ray pulse; laser beam interactions ID STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; DIFFRACTION; GENERATION AB We propose a scheme for bright, sub-100-femtosecond X-ray radiation generation using small-angle Thomson scattering. Coupling high-brightness electron bunches with high-power ultrafast laser pulses, radiation with photon energies of 8- to 40-keV can be generated with pulse duration comparable to that of the incoming laser pulse with peak spectral brightness of similar to10(20) photons s(-1) mm(-2) mrad(-2) per 10(-3) bandwidth, close to those of the third-generation synchrotron light sources. The scheme is scalable to shorter pulse duration and high peak brightness, depending on the performance of the laser system. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4219-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4505 BP 146 EP 153 DI 10.1117/12.450584 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BT91W UT WOS:000174432100018 ER PT J AU Eick, MJ Naprstek, BR Brady, PV AF Eick, MJ Naprstek, BR Brady, PV TI Kinetics of Ni(II) sorption and desorption on kaolinite: Residence time effects SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE kaolinite; kinetics; nickel; residence time; adsorption; desorption; Ni-Al LDH ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; CHROMIUM(III) SORPTION; COBALT DESORPTION; SURFACE; ADSORPTION; CADMIUM; NICKEL; IRON; PYROPHYLLITE; MECHANISMS AB Recent studies have shown that aging or increased residence time can reduce the availability of trace element cations sorbed to common soil minerals. Numerous explanations have been given to explain the observed residence time effect. However, most of these studies begin only with sorbed species and not surface precipitates. The formation of Ni2+ surface precipitates on common soil minerals has been observed in the laboratory by a number of researchers. Accordingly, the influence residence time on the sorption/desorption kinetics of Ni2+ on kaolinite was examined. Nickel sorption kinetics were conducted at three aqueous concentrations (0.10, 0.50, 0.75 mM) of Ni2+ in the presence of 25 g L-1 kaolinite at pH 7.5. More than 99% of the Ni2+ was sorbed to the kaolinite surface at the end of 14 days for all aqueous concentrations of Ni2+ Adsorption was characterized by an initial fast reaction followed by a slower reaction. Both reactions followed first order kinetics. Based on previous spectroscopic studies, the fast reaction was attributed to chemisorption, whereas the slow reaction was attributed to nucleation and surface precipitation of a Ni-AL layered double-hydroxide (LDH). Desorption experiments were conducted on kaolinite samples after 14 days (short-term) and 20 weeks (long-term) in the presence of 1 mM oxalate at pH 6.0. Similar to adsorption kinetics, desorption kinetics were characterized by an initial rapid reaction followed by a slower reaction, both of which followed first order kinetics. For all surface coverages the total quantity of Ni2+ desorbed and the desorption rate coefficients (k(1) and k(2)) were greater for the short-term than for the long-term experiments. It is suggested that the residence time effect observed for the slow desorption/dissolution reaction was caused by an increase in crystallinity of the LDH surface precipitate and, to a lesser extent, phase transformation into a Ni-Al phyllosilciate. In contrast, several processes may be responsible for the residence time effect observed for the fast desorption/dissolution reaction, including movement of weakly bound Ni2+ to a more strongly bound phase (eg, change in the type of surface complex), diffusion into micropores or intraparticle spaces, or an increase in crystallinity (eg, Ostwald ripening) of weakly precipitated Ni2+ The above results demonstrate and suggest potential mechanisms for the long-term natural attenuation of trace metal cations such as Ni2+ adsorbed to mineral surfaces. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Eick, MJ (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Crop & Soil Environm Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. NR 31 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 8 U2 23 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 166 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1097/00010694-200101000-00004 PG 7 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 398RQ UT WOS:000166770500004 ER PT J AU Wildenschild, D Hopmans, JW Simunek, J AF Wildenschild, D Hopmans, JW Simunek, J TI Flow rate dependence of soil hydraulic characteristics SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY PRESSURE-SATURATION; MULTISTEP OUTFLOW EXPERIMENTS; UNSATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; CONDUCTIVITY AB The rate dependence of unsaturated hydraulic characteristics was analyzed using both steady state and transient flow analysis. One-step and multistep outflow experiments, as well as quasi-static experiments were performed on identical, disturbed samples of a sandy and a loamy soil to evaluate the influence of flow rate on the calculated retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves. For the sandy soil, a significant influence of the flow rate on both the retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity characteristic was observed. At a given matric potential, more water was retained with greater applied pneumatic pressures. Matric potential differences of 10 to 15 cm (for given saturation) and water content differences of up to 7% (for given potential) could be observed between the slowest and the fastest outflow experiments, predominantly at the beginning of drainage. The hydraulic conductivity also increased with increasing flow rate for higher saturations, while a lower hydraulic conductivity was observed near residual saturation for the higher flow rates, We observed a continuously increasing total water potential gradient in the sandy soil as it drained, especially for high pressure transient one-step experiments. This indicates a significant deviation from static equilibrium, as obtained under static or steady-state conditions, For the finer textured soil, these flow-rate dependent regimes were not apparent. A number of physical processes can explain the observed phenomena. Water entrapment and pore blockage play a significant role for the high flow rates, as well as lack of air continuity in the sample during the wettest stages of the experiment. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. USDA ARS, US Salin Lab, Riverside, CA 92507 USA. RP Wildenschild, D (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Hydrodynam & Water Resources, Lyngby, Denmark. RI Simunek, Jiri/F-3196-2011; OI Wildenschild, Dorthe/0000-0002-6504-7817 NR 30 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1 BP 35 EP 48 PG 14 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NN UT WOS:000169464100006 ER PT J AU Matocha, CJ Sparks, DL Amonette, JE Kukkadapu, RK AF Matocha, CJ Sparks, DL Amonette, JE Kukkadapu, RK TI Kinetics and mechanism of birnessite reduction by catechol SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; DILUTE AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS; NA-RICH BIRNESSITE; MANGANESE OXIDES; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDATION-STATE; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; HEXAGONAL BIRNESSITE; REACTION-PRODUCTS; MN(IV) OXIDE AB The complex interactions of oxidizable organic ligands with soil Mn(III,IV) (hydr)oxide minerals have received little study by in situ spectroscopic techniques. We used a combination of an in situ electron paramagnetic resonance stopped-flow (EPR-SF) spectroscopic technique and stirred-batch studies to measure the reductive dissolution kinetics of birnessite (delta -MnO(2)), a common Mn mineral in soils, by catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene). The reaction was rapid, independent of pH, and essentially complete within seconds under conditions of excess-catechol at pH 4 to 6. The overall empirical second-order rate equation describing the reductive dissolution rate was d[Mn(II)]/ dt = k[CAT](1.0)[SA](1.0) where k = 4 (+/-0.5) (10(-3) L m(-2) s(-1) and [CAT] and [SA] are the initial concentrations in molarity and meters square per liter. In the process, catechol was oxidized to the two-electron o-quinone product. The energy of activation (E.) for the reaction was 59 (+/-7) kJ mol(-1) and the activation entropy (SI) was -78 +/- 225 mol(-1) K(-1), suggesting that the reaction was surface-chemical controlled and occurs by an associative mechanism. Rates of catechol disappearance from solution with simultaneous Mn(II) and o-quinone production were comparable. These data strongly suggest that precursor surface-complex formation is rate-limiting and that electron transfer is rapid, The rapid reductive dissolution of birnessite by catechol has significant implications for C and Mn cycling in soils and the availability of Mn to plants. C1 Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Willey Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Matocha, CJ (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Agron, N-122 Ag Sci Ctr N, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM cjmato2@pop.uky.edu NR 74 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 18 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1 BP 58 EP 66 PG 9 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NN UT WOS:000169464100008 ER PT J AU Grant, RF Juma, NG Robertson, JA Izaurralde, RC McGill, WB AF Grant, RF Juma, NG Robertson, JA Izaurralde, RC McGill, WB TI Long-term changes in soil carbon under different fertilizer, manure, and rotation: Testing the mathematical model ecosys with data from the Breton plots SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENRICHMENT FACE EXPERIMENT; ORGANIC-MATTER; NITROUS-OXIDE; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE; WHEAT-FALLOW; ROOT-GROWTH; SIMULATION; WATER; CO2 AB Soil C contents can be raised by land use practices in which rates of C input exceed those of C oxidation. Rates of C inputs to soil can be raised by continuous cropping, especially with perennial legumes, and by soil amendments, especially manure. We have summarized our understanding of the processes by which changes in soil C content are determined by rates of soil C input in the mathematical model ecosys. We compared model output for changes in soil C with those measured in a Gray Luvisol (Typic Cryoboralf) at Breton, Alberta, during 70 yr of a 2-yr wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow rotation vs. a 5-yr wheat-oat (Avena sativa L.)-barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)-forage-forage rotation with unamended, fertilized, and manured treatments; Model results indicated that: rates of C input in the 2-yr rotation were inadequate to maintain soil C in the upper 0.15 m of the soil profile unless manure was added, but that those in the 5-yr rotation were more than adequate. Consequent changes of soil C in the model were corroborated by declines of 14 and 7 g C m(-2) yr(-1) measured in the control and fertilized treatments of the 2-yr rotation; by gains of 7 g C m(-2) yr(-1) measured in the manured treatment of the 2-yr rotation; and by gains of 4, 14, and 28 g C m(-2) yr(-1) measured in the control, fertilized, and manured treatments of the 5-yr rotation. Model results indicated that soil C below 0.15 m declined in all treatments of both rotations, but more so in the 2-yr than in the 5-yr rotation. These declines were corroborated by lower soil C contents measured between 0.15 and 0.40 m after 70 yr in the 2- vs. 5-yr rotation. Land use practices that favor C storage appear to interact positively with each other, so that gains in soil C under one such practice are greater when it is combined with other such practices. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Grant, RF (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Renewable Resources, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. EM robert.grant@ualberta.ca RI Izaurralde, Roberto/E-5826-2012; OI Grant, Robert/0000-0002-8890-6231 NR 67 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 23 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1 BP 205 EP 214 PG 10 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 445NN UT WOS:000169464100027 ER PT J AU McNab, W Rice, D AF McNab, W Rice, D TI Ascertaining the effect of reductive dehalogenation on chlorinated hydrocarbon plume lengths in groundwater: Analyses of multisite data SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Article DE natural attenuation; chlorinated hydrocarbons; groundwater plumes; reductive dehalogenation ID DECHLORINATION; CONTAMINATION; AQUIFER AB Chlorinated hydrocarbon groundwater plume data from a multisite study were evaluated by a variety of statistical techniques (correlation, analysis of covariance, principal components) to quantify the effects of biotransformations (reductive dehalogenation) on plume length. After accounting for the effects of groundwater velocity, source strength, and biases in the data collection process, chlorinated hydrocarbon plume lengths at sites where reductive dehalogenation was occurring were found to be significantly shorter on average, by roughly a factor of two, than those where it was not. Moreover, principal component analyses indicated significant differences in the behavior of chlorinated hydrocarbon plumes between sites with and without evidence of reductive dehalogenation, respectively. The advantage in examining plume behavior from this population-oriented perspective is that overall trends in plume behavior can be evaluated despite site-specific influences such as heterogeneities and unique release histories. Ultimately, it is these average trends that would be of the most interest to policymakers because they represent the ranges of conditions that will be encountered. This is especially important in the case of chlorinated hydrocarbons because they will biotransform at rates significant for appreciable natural attenuation only in certain instances. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Restorat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McNab, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Environm Restorat, 7000 East Ave,L-530, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2001 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1080/20015891109167 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 401CH UT WOS:000166909100002 ER PT J AU Colon, CFJ Brady, PV Siegel, MD Lindgren, ER AF Colon, CFJ Brady, PV Siegel, MD Lindgren, ER TI Historical case analysis of uranium plume attenuation SO SOIL & SEDIMENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Review ID POCOS-DE-CALDAS; SPENT NUCLEAR-FUEL; OSAMU UTSUMI MINE; PENA-BLANCA DISTRICT; MILL TAILINGS PILE; NATURAL-ANALOG; GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION; DEPOSIT SASKATCHEWAN; SUSPENDED PARTICLES; ALKALINE COMPLEX AB Groundwater plumes containing dissolved uranium at levels above natural background exist adjacent to uranium ore bodies, at uranium mines, milling locations, and at a number of explosive test facilities. Public health concerns require that some assessment of the potential for further plume movement in the future be made. Reaction-transport models, which might conceivably be used to predict plume movement, require extensive data inputs that are often uncertain. Many of the site-specific inputs are physical parameters that can vary spatially and with time. Limitations in data availability and accuracy means that reaction-transport predictions can rarely provide more than order-of-magnitude bounding estimates of contaminant movement in the subsurface. A more direct means for establishing the limits of contaminant transport is to examine actual plumes to determine if, collectively, they spread and attenuate in a reasonably consistent and characteristic fashion. Here a number of U plumes from ore bodies and contaminated sites were critically examined to identify characteristics of U plume movement The magnitude of the original contaminant source, the geologic setting, and the hydrologic regime were rarely similar from site to site. Plumes also spanned a vast range of ages, and no complete set of time-series plume analyses based on the spatial extent of U contamination exist for a particular site. Despite the accumulated uncertainties and variabilities, the plume data set gave a clear and reasonably consistent picture of U plume behavior. Specifically, uranium plumes: . Appear to reach steady-state, that is, they quit spreading, rapidly (within a few years). . Exceed roughly 2 km in length only in special cases (e.g., where in situ leaching has been carried out). The majority are much smaller. . Exhibit very similar U chemistry between sites. This implies analogous contaminant attenuation mechanisms despite their location. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Environm Monitoring & Characterizat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Environm Restorat Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Colon, CFJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Geochem, MS-0750, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 119 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1522-6514 J9 SOIL SEDIMENT CONTAM JI Soil. Sediment. Contam. PY 2001 VL 10 IS 1 BP 71 EP 115 DI 10.1080/20015891109194 PG 45 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 401CH UT WOS:000166909100005 ER PT S AU Ozkan, E Lee, SH Liu, P Tracy, CE Tepehan, FZ Pitts, JR Deb, SK AF Ozkan, E Lee, SH Liu, P Tracy, CE Tepehan, FZ Pitts, JR Deb, SK BE Lampert, CM Granqvist, CG Lewis, KL TI Optical and electrochromic properties of sol-get deposited tungsten oxide films SO SOLAR AND SWITCHING MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar and Switching Materials CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE mesoporous tungsten oxide; sol-gel; electrochromism ID MESOPOROUS METAL-OXIDES AB The electrochromic properties of sol-gel and mesoporous tungsten oxide thin films were investigated. Tungsten oxide films were prepared by a spin coating technique from an ethanolic solution of tungsten hexachloride. A block copolymer (BASF Pluronic p(123)), (p(1)) was employed as a template to generate the mesoporous structure. The electrochromic and optical properties such films are described and compared to standard sol-gel tungsten oxide films. A novel ultraviolet (UV) illumination method was developed to remove the polymer templates and was found to improve the coloration efficiency of tungsten oxide in general. All types of films were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffactometry and cyclic voltammetry. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ozkan, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4172-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4458 BP 175 EP 185 DI 10.1117/12.448247 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU48M UT WOS:000176126000021 ER PT S AU Lee, SH Seong, MJ Ozcan, E Tracy, CE Tepehan, ZF Deb, SY AF Lee, SH Seong, MJ Ozcan, E Tracy, CE Tepehan, ZF Deb, SY BE Lampert, CM Granqvist, CG Lewis, KL TI Lithium insertion in tungsten oxide thin films SO SOLAR AND SWITCHING MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar and Switching Materials CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE ID COLOR-CENTERS; WO3; ELECTROCHROMISM; MODULATION AB Intercalation of lithium ions in amorphous tungsten oxide films and in monoclinic polycrystalline tungsten oxide films has been studied using electrochemical analyses and Raman spectroscopy. We present direct evidence for W5+ 5d-electron localization in amorphous tungsten oxide films upon lithium ion and electron intercalation, by comparing the Raman spectra of amorphous and crystalline tungsten oxide films. We observe that when lithium ions and electrons are inserted into the crystalline tungsten oxide films, the monoclinic structure of the material proceeds to progressively increased symmetry. On the other hand, when lithium ions and electrons are inserted into amorphous tungsten oxide films, the inserted electrons are localized in W5+ sites and polarize their surrounding lattice to form small polarons. The extra Raman peaks due to the W5+-O single bonds and W5+=O double bonds appear at 330 and 450 cm(-1), respectively. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4172-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4458 BP 194 EP 202 DI 10.1117/12.448249 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU48M UT WOS:000176126000023 ER PT S AU Ozkan, E Lee, SH Tracy, CE Tepehan, FZ Pitts, JR Deb, SK AF Ozkan, E Lee, SH Tracy, CE Tepehan, FZ Pitts, JR Deb, SK BE Lampert, CM Granqvist, CG Lewis, KL TI Optical and electrochromic properties of amorphous and crystalline tungsten oxide films SO SOLAR AND SWITCHING MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar and Switching Materials CY AUG 01-02, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE tungsten oxide; thermal evaporation; electrochromism ID A-WO3-Y THIN-FILMS; COLORATION EFFICIENCY; DEPENDENCE; ABSORPTION AB A detailed systematic study of the tungsten oxide thin films has been carried out using colored WO3 films after they were annealed at progressively increasing temperatures ranging from 350 to 450degreesC in oxygen environments. The structural properties of the films were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The amorphous WO3 films remain as an amorphous phase up to 385degreesC and begin to crystallize at 390degreesC and then are completely crystallized at 450degreesC. Absorption peaks of the films are found to shift to a higher energy side with increasing annealing temperature up to 385degreesC and then shift abruptly to a lower energy as the films begin to crystallize at 390degreesC. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ozkan, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4172-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4458 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1117/12.448250 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BU48M UT WOS:000176126000024 ER PT J AU Karlsson, J Rubin, M Roos, A AF Karlsson, J Rubin, M Roos, A TI Evaluation of predictive models for the angle-dependent total solar energy transmittance of glazing materials SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB The predictions of angle-dependent optical properties of glazings are discussed. A categorisation of windows depending on the type of coating on the glazing is discussed as a way of improving the accuracy in the predictive models. Four approximate ways to predict the angle dependence of the total solar energy transmittance are compared. The impact on the energy performance of windows with different angle dependence is assessed in a heating and a cooling dominated climate. respectively. Results imply that by simply using the clear glass angular profile for all types of windows gives quite low errors in the angle dependence prediction, lower than some other previously proposed models. By using a model with window category as input, the errors in angle dependence prediction can be further reduced. The impact on the energy performance from incorrect angle dependence is considerable in some cases but not necessarily critical. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Uppsala, Angstrom Lab, Dept Mat Sci, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Karlsson, J (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Angstrom Lab, Dept Mat Sci, POB 534, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2001 VL 71 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S0038-092X(01)00024-X PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 433MJ UT WOS:000168763000003 ER PT J AU Rymes, MD Myers, DR AF Rymes, MD Myers, DR TI Mean preserving algorithm for smoothly interpolating averaged data SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID VALUES AB Hourly mean or monthly mean values of measured solar radiation are typical vehicles for summarized solar radiation and meteorological data. Often. solar-based renewable energy system designers, researchers, and engineers prefer to work with more highly time resolved data, such as detailed diurnal profiles, or mean daily values. The object of this paper is to present a simple method for smoothly interpolating averaged (coarsely resolved) data into data with a finer resolution, while preserving the deterministic mean of the data. The technique preserves the proper component relationship between direct. diffuse, and global solar radiation (when values for at least two of the components are available), as well as the deterministic mean of the coarsely resolved data. Examples based on measured data from several sources and examples of the applicability of this mean preserving smooth interpolator to other averaged data, such as weather data, are presented. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Myers, DR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2001 VL 71 IS 4 BP 225 EP 231 DI 10.1016/S0038-092X(01)00052-4 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 470VW UT WOS:000170892700002 ER PT J AU Perez, R Kmiecik, M Herig, C Renne, D AF Perez, R Kmiecik, M Herig, C Renne, D TI Remote monitoring of PV performance using geostationary satellites SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article AB This paper investigates the capability of satellite remote sensing to monitor the performance of ground-based photovoltaic (PV) arrays. A comparison between the actual output of PV power plants and satellite-simulated output estimates at six climatically distinct locations is presented. The paper shows evidence that the satellite resource is an effective means of monitoring the performance of PV systems and of detecting potential problems with these systems, Large problems may be detected through the observation of sizeable monthly differences (>25%) between satellite-predicted and actual system output. Smaller problems may also be identified through an analysis of the evolution of these differences over time. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ASRC, Albany, NY 12203 USA. NREL, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Perez, R (reprint author), ASRC, 251 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2001 VL 71 IS 4 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1016/S0038-092X(01)00050-0 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 470VW UT WOS:000170892700005 ER PT J AU Marion, W George, R AF Marion, W George, R TI Calculation of solar radiation using a methodology with worldwide potential SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID MODELS AB Surface meteorological observations from the DATSAV2 database provide the capability to use the METSTAT (meteorological/statistical) model to calculate hourly values of direct normal, diffuse horizontal, and global horizontal solar radiation for locations throughout the world. Opaque cloud cover, a key input parameter to the METSTAT model, is derived from the DATSAV2 layered cloud cover information. Resulting multiyear data sets include solar radiation and other meteorological data such as dry bulb temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. Data filling procedures ensure that the multiyear data sets are serially complete. A minor revision to METSTAT improved solar radiation estimates for conditions of high cloud amounts and low ceiling heights. The methodology was applied to regions of Southern Africa and Saudi Arabia. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Marion, W (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2001 VL 71 IS 4 BP 275 EP 283 DI 10.1016/S0038-092X(01)00044-5 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 470VW UT WOS:000170892700008 ER PT J AU Akbari, H Pomerantz, M Taha, H AF Akbari, H Pomerantz, M Taha, H TI Cool surfaces and shade trees to reduce energy use and improve air quality in urban areas SO SOLAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID IMPACTS; BASIN AB Elevated summertime temperatures in urban 'heat islands' increase cooling-energy use and accelerate the formation of urban smog. Except in the city's core areas, summer heat islands are created mainly by the lack of vegetation and by rile high solar radiation absorptance by urban surfaces. Analysis of temperature trends for the last 100 years in several large U.S. cities indicate that, since similar to 1940, temperatures in urban areas have increased by about 0.5-3.0 degreesC. Typically, electricity demand in cities increases by 2-4% for each 1 degreesC increase in temperature. Hence, we estimate that 5-10% of the current urban electricity demand is spent to cool buildings just to compensate for the increased 0.5-3.0 degreesC in urban temperatures. Downtown Los Angeles (L.A.), for example, is now 2.5 degreesC warmer than in 1920, leading to an increase in electricity demand of 1500 MW. In L.A., smoggy episodes are absent below about 21 degreesC, but smog becomes unacceptable by 32 degreesC. Because of the heat-island effects, a rise in temperature can have significant impacts. Urban trees and high-albedo surfaces can offset or reverse the heat-island effect. Mitigation of urban heat islands can potentially reduce national energy use in air conditioning by 20% and save over $10B per pear in energy use and improvement in urban air quality. The albedo of a city may be increased at minimal cost if hi,oh-albedo surfaces are chosen to replace darker materials during routine maintenance of roofs and roads. Incentive programs, product labeling, and standards could promote the use of high-albedo materials for buildings and roads. Similar incentive-based programs need to be developed for urban trees. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Heat Isl Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Akbari, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Heat Isl Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 43 TC 405 Z9 429 U1 25 U2 196 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-092X J9 SOL ENERGY JI Sol. Energy PY 2001 VL 70 IS 3 BP 295 EP 310 DI 10.1016/S0038-092X(00)00089-X PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 405PC UT WOS:000167167400013 ER PT J AU Rannels, JE AF Rannels, JE TI The case for a 40% efficiency goal for photovoltaic cells in 2005 SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference (PVSEC 11) CY SEP 20-24, 1999 CL SAPPORO, JAPAN DE US national PV program; high-efficiency PV; PV concentrators; thin films AB The creation of 40% efficient, multijunction laboratory cells under 500 x concentrations is a reasonable, important near-term goal for the US photovoltaic (PV) program. A renewed focus on high-performance PV device research is justified by the large-scale market potential it creates for PV. Promising research results on multijunction III-V devices have established the technical feasibility of this goal. DOE is working to expand the resources available for high-performance research, while continuing to accomplish breakthroughs in thin-films, manufacturing, and balance of systems that will pave the way for commercial deployment of new high-efficiency PV devices. This paper explains why 40% efficiency is important to achieving PV's potential, the research results that have led to this conclusion and how this research complements the overall PV program; and discusses how the US program intends to accomplish this challenging - but realistic - goal. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Off Solar Energy Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Rannels, JE (reprint author), US DOE, Off Solar Energy Technol, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD JAN PY 2001 VL 65 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(00)00071-4 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 368PJ UT WOS:000090126400002 ER PT S AU Williams, MC AF Williams, MC BE Yokokawa, H Singhal, SC TI Status and market applications for the solid oxide fuel cell in the US - A new direction SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VII (SOFC VII) SE Electrochemical Society Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY JUN 03-08, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP SOFC Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat & Battery Div AB Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) power plants are expected to impact the near-term natural gas stationary power distributed generation (DG) market 100-kilowatt (kW) to multi-megawatt (MW) beginning in 2003. Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation (SWPC) is the leader in tubular SOFC technology. Several completely packaged and self-contained generators, up to nominal 220kW size, have been manufactured and tested by SWPC. A manufacturing facility currently produces these generators. However, in the long-term, solid state fuel cell technology with stack costs under $100/kW, or lower, promises deeper and wider market penetration in a range of applications including residential, auxiliary power, and the mature distributed generation markets. The Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA), with its vision for fuel cells in 2010, was recently formed to commercialize solid state fuel cells and realize the full potential of the fuel cell technology. Ultimately, the SECA concept could lead to megawatt-size fuel-cell systems for commercial and industrial applications and Vision 21 fuel cell turbine hybrid energy plants in 2015. In the U.S. more planar designs and developers are emerging. Organizations developing planar designs include the Institute of Gas Technology, Ceramatec, Ztek, Technology Management Inc., Honeywell, Delphi, McDermott, FuelCellCo, Accumetrics, and others. Many of these are in the SECA program. The high-efficiency, fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid with and without staging of fuel cells, represents the most efficient power plant ever conceived, that can also incorporate SOFC's. Hybrid development is also progressing and is discussed. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 0275-0171 BN 1-56677-322-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 16 BP 3 EP 7 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BW06P UT WOS:000180779400001 ER PT B AU Surdoval, WA Singhal, SC McVay, GL AF Surdoval, WA Singhal, SC McVay, GL BE Yokokawa, H Singhal, SC TI The Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) - A US Department of Energy initiative to promote the development of mass customized solid oxide fuel cells for low-cost power SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VII (SOFC VII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY JUN 03-08, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP SOFC Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat & Battery Div AB The Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) was initiated in the fall of 1999 to encourage the development of environmentally friendly solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) modules for use with commonly available fossil fuels at low cost. In order to quickly achieve the necessary manufacturing volume to reduce costs to commercially acceptable levels it was decided that a mass customized base module applicable to stationary, mobile, and corollary military needs was required. A 3-10kW base module was selected due to judgements on the upper size limit of high-power density ceramic based cells, a lower limit of economic self-sustainability, and considerations that indicated this size range had broad applicability in the three targeted sectors. Larger systems would consist of multiples of this base module. Substantial independent research and development work has been in progress for many years on the various components of solid oxide fuel cells. The U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) will provide support to encourage the formation of Industrial Teams that have the necessary components to develop, design, and manufacture the complete module and establish markets in as many of three targeted sectors as possible. Since it is not clear which solid oxide fuel cell technology has the best chance for success, multiple independent teams will be funded. A second component of the SECA Program will be the Core Technology Program that will fund independent research and development work in close support of the Industrial Teams. The U. S. DOE's Strategic Center for Natural Gas, part of the National Energy Technology Laboratory, and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory will lead the Alliance. Initial Industrial Team selections will be made in April of 2001. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Surdoval, WA (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-322-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 16 BP 53 EP 62 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BW06P UT WOS:000180779400006 ER PT B AU Pham, AQ Chung, BW Haslam, JJ Lenz, DJ See, EF Glass, RS AF Pham, AQ Chung, BW Haslam, JJ Lenz, DJ See, EF Glass, RS BE Yokokawa, H Singhal, SC TI Demonstration of high power density planar solid oxide fuel cell stacks SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VII (SOFC VII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY JUN 03-08, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP SOFC Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat & Battery Div AB Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is developing high-performance, reduced-temperature, planar solid oxide fuel cells for a variety of power generation applications. The cell fabrication technology is based on a new colloidal spray deposition (CSD) technique. The key attractive features of this technique include low cost and high versatility. Using the CSD method, high-quality, thin-film electrolytes and high-performance electrodes with controlled microstructure have been fabricated. Single cells using conventional electrode and electrolyte materials exhibited power density as high as 1.25 W/cm(2) at 800 degreesC. More importantly, it has also been possible to achieve this exceptional high performance for fuel cell stacks. Several three-cell stacks having conventional cross-flow design were constructed. The maximum stack power density was greater than I W/cm(2) at 800 degreesC at 65% fuel utilization. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pham, AQ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808,L-350, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Chung, Brandon/G-2929-2012 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-322-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 16 BP 148 EP 154 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BW06P UT WOS:000180779400018 ER PT B AU Singhal, SC AF Singhal, SC BE Yokokawa, H Singhal, SC TI Low-cost modular SOFC system development at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VII (SOFC VII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY JUN 03-08, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP SOFC Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat & Battery Div ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; TECHNOLOGY AB Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is developing technologies for low-cost modular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems to accelerate the development of such systems for stationary, mobile and military applications. This work is being pursued with funding from several United Stated Department of Energy (DOE) programs, including the Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) Core Technology Program, the Advanced Research and Technology Development (AR&TD) Program, and a Co-operative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with Delphi Automotive Systems. Experimental and modeling studies are being conducted on a number of important challenges, including low-cost materials and fabrication processes, seal and interconnect stability, cell and stack designs, rapid system startup, thermal cyclability, and long lifetime. This paper summarizes the progress made in these investigations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Singhal, SC (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-322-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 16 BP 166 EP 172 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BW06P UT WOS:000180779400021 ER PT B AU Hsueh, CH Carneim, RD Becher, PF Armstrong, TR AF Hsueh, CH Carneim, RD Becher, PF Armstrong, TR BE Yokokawa, H Singhal, SC TI Constrained sintering of electrolyte films on porous electrodes SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VII (SOFC VII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY JUN 03-08, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP SOFC Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat & Battery Div ID RIGID SUBSTRATE; THIN-FILMS; FUEL-CELLS; DEPOSITION; COMPACTS AB Co-sintering of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films on porous NiO/YSZ cermet substrates has been developed for solid oxide fuel cells. While the film and the substrate typically sinter at different rates, they are susceptible to viscoelastic deformation during sintering. Potentially damaging differential sintering stresses can be partially relaxed by viscoelastic deformation. These stresses can cause damage and failure during sintering. To analyze these stresses, both stress-free sintering and sintering under cyclic loading were performed on the electrolyte and cermet electrode materials to determine the stress-free sintering rates and the viscoelastic properties of the system constituents. These data were applied to a theoretical model to predict both the constrained sintering behavior of the film and the resultant stresses in the film that arise during co-sintering of a symmetric membrane. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hsueh, CH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-322-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 16 BP 293 EP 302 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BW06P UT WOS:000180779400035 ER PT B AU Ralph, JM Vaughey, JT Krumpelt, M AF Ralph, JM Vaughey, JT Krumpelt, M BE Yokokawa, H Singhal, SC TI Evaluation of potential cathode materials for SOFC operation between 500-800 degrees C SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VII (SOFC VII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY JUN 03-08, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP SOFC Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat & Battery Div ID OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; OXYGEN; TEMPERATURE; ELECTRODES AB With the drive to lower operating temperatures for the solid oxide fuel cell, several critical components within each cell require further improvement. Arguably, the cathode requires the greatest improvement. Several very promising cathode materials are identified in this paper for use with electrolytes of either yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) or gadolinia-doped ceria (CGO). An initial target areal resistance of <1 Omega(.)cm(2) has been achieved at operating temperatures of 650degreesC and 800degreesC for CGO and YSZ electrolytes, respectively. Relatively stable long-term performance has been demonstrated for the La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 cathode on YSZ. After Current conditioning of the cathode, polarization curves for La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 operating at 800degreesC achieved values similar to those for the currently used cathode, La0.8Sr0.2MnO3, operating at 1000degreesC. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ralph, JM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-322-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 16 BP 466 EP 475 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BW06P UT WOS:000180779400054 ER PT B AU Khaleel, MA Recknagle, KP Lin, Z Deibler, JE Chick, LA Stevenson, JW AF Khaleel, MA Recknagle, KP Lin, Z Deibler, JE Chick, LA Stevenson, JW BE Yokokawa, H Singhal, SC TI Thermo-mechanical and electrochemistry modeling of planar SOFC stacks SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VII (SOFC VII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY JUN 03-08, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP SOFC Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat & Battery Div AB Modeling activities at PNNL support design and development of a modular SOFC systems. The SOFC stack modeling capability at PNNL has developed to a level at which planar stack designs can be compared and optimized for startup performance. Thermal-fluids and stress modeling is being performed to predict the transient temperature distribution and to determine the thermal stresses based on the temperature distribution. Current efforts also include the development of a model for calculating current density, cell voltage, and heat production in SOFC stacks with hydrogen or other fuels. The model includes the heat generation from both Joule heating and chemical reactions. It also accounts for species production and destruction via mass balance. The model is being linked to the finite element code MARC to allow for the evaluation of temperatures and stresses during steady state operations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Khaleel, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-322-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 16 BP 1032 EP 1041 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BW06P UT WOS:000180779400117 ER PT B AU Simner, SP Stevenson, JW Meinhardt, KD Canfield, NL AF Simner, SP Stevenson, JW Meinhardt, KD Canfield, NL BE Yokokawa, H Singhal, SC TI Development of fabrication techniques and electrodes for solid oxide fuel cells SO SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS VII (SOFC VII) SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells CY JUN 03-08, 2001 CL TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP SOFC Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat & Battery Div ID ANODE AB Tape casting, lamination and co-sintering were used to prepare anode-supported YSZ membranes. Optimization of the co-sintering conditions and tape compositions resulted in gas-tight YSZ membranes and highly porous anode substrates. To complete the cell fabrication, cathodes were screen-printed onto the YSZ membranes and sintered. I-V testing and microstructural analysis of single cells was used to evaluate and improve cell performance (i.e., power density and lifetime). C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Simner, SP (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-322-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2001 VL 2001 IS 16 BP 1051 EP 1060 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BW06P UT WOS:000180779400119 ER PT J AU Hagele, D Hubner, J Ruhle, WW Oestreich, M AF Hagele, D Hubner, J Ruhle, WW Oestreich, M TI Coherent dynamics of coupled electron and hole spins in semiconductors SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE quantum wells; semiconductors; spin dynamics; time-resolved optical spectroscopy ID QUANTUM BEATS; GAAS HETEROSTRUCTURES; EXCITONS; WELLS AB We observe the coherent dynamics of coupled electron and hole spins within 2D-excitons. The dynamics are induced by the exchange interaction of electron and hole and by an external magnetic field tilted from the plane of a 3 nm GaAs/(AlGa)As quantum well. The observed quantum beats are well described by a Schrodinger equation for the pair of spins in a magnetic field which is solved analytically. The results lead to a controlled not (CNOT) gate, a key element in quantum computation, realized with semiconductor nanostructures. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Univ Hannover, Inst Solid State Phys, Dept Nanostruct, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. RP Hagele, D (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Clayton Rd,MS 2-300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2001 VL 120 IS 2-3 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00346-5 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 476JE UT WOS:000171221900005 ER PT J AU Chen, G Jain, H Khalid, S Li, J Drabold, DA Elliott, SR AF Chen, G Jain, H Khalid, S Li, J Drabold, DA Elliott, SR TI Study of structural changes in amorphous As2Se3 by EXAFS under in situ laser irradiation SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE disordered systems; chalcogenide glasses; EXAFS; radiation effects; photoinduced phenomena ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; PHOTOSTRUCTURAL CHANGES; GLASSY AS2SE3; FILMS; SEMICONDUCTORS; SELENIUM; LIGHT AB We have used the Extended X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure (EXAFS) analysis to study the in situ changes in the local atomic structure, which are induced by bandgap laser (wavelength = 690 nm) irradiation of glassy As2Se3. The results indicate both the temporary and permanent light-induced changes in the atomic configuration around the Se but not the As atoms. Thus the Se-Se 'defect' bonds are the primary sites of the light-induced structural changes. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. RP Jain, H (reprint author), Lehigh Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 5 E Packer Ave, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RI Li, Jun /D-1948-2010; OI Drabold, David/0000-0001-5344-5837 NR 18 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2001 VL 120 IS 4 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00354-4 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 482BM UT WOS:000171555000006 ER PT J AU Birner, S Kim, J Richie, DA Wilkins, JW Voter, AF Lenosky, T AF Birner, S Kim, J Richie, DA Wilkins, JW Voter, AF Lenosky, T TI Accelerated dynamics simulations of interstitial-cluster growth SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE semiconductors; phase transitions; recombination and trapping ID TRANSIENT ENHANCED DIFFUSION; SI; DEFECTS; SILICON; IMPLANTATION; ENERGETICS; ENERGY; POINT AB We apply parallel replica dynamics to simulate the growth of silicon interstitial clusters. Existing interstitial clusters are efficient traps for mobile interstitial and di-interstitial defects. For clusters involving more than four interstitials, many metastable structures axe achieved by local bonding rearrangements. The shape of interstitial nuclei critically determines the final interstitial clusters. Once an elongated cluster is formed, additional captured interstitials diffuse in the chain direction and eventually settle at the chain ends, resulting in further elongation. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Walter Schottky Inst, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Finisar Corp, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, NCSA, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI Birner, Stefan/0000-0002-2961-1345 NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2001 VL 120 IS 7-8 BP 279 EP 282 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00391-X PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 488AU UT WOS:000171912500005 ER PT J AU Hayward, MA Haas, MK Ramirez, AP He, T Regan, KA Rogado, N Inumaru, K AF Hayward, MA Haas, MK Ramirez, AP He, T Regan, KA Rogado, N Inumaru, K TI The suppression of superconductivity in MgCNi3 by Ni-site doping SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE superconductors; electronic band structure; metals ID BORIDE CARBIDE; LUNI2B2C AB The effects of partial substitution of Cu and Co for Ni in the intermetallic perovskite superconductor MgCNi3 are reported. Calculation of the expected electronic density of states suggests that electron (Cu) and hole (Co) doping should have different effects. For MgCNi3-xCux, solubility of Cu is limited to approximately 3% (x = 0.1). and T-c decreases systematically from 7 to 6 K. For MgCNi3-xCox, solubility of Co is much more extensive, but bulk superconductivity disappears for Co doping of 1% (x = 0.03). No signature of long range magnetic ordering is observed in the magnetic susceptibility of the Co doped material. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM mhayward@princeton.edu RI Inumaru, Kei/J-9292-2015; OI Hayward, Michael/0000-0002-6248-2063 NR 18 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 EI 1879-2766 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2001 VL 119 IS 8-9 BP 491 EP 495 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00303-9 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 464KW UT WOS:000170532600002 ER PT J AU Moussa, SM Kennedy, BJ Vogt, T AF Moussa, SM Kennedy, BJ Vogt, T TI Structural variants in ABO(3) type perovskite oxides. On the structure of BaPbO3 SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE superconductors; phase transitions ID TEMPERATURE PHASE-TRANSITIONS; POWDER NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION AB The structure of BaPbO3 has been refined from powder neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction data at both room temperature and 15 K. At room temperature the structure is orthorhombic, space group Imma a = 6.0299(1), b = 8.5094(1), c = 6.6094(1) Angstrom. R-p 5.26, R-wp 6.48, chi (2) 2.45%. On cooling the structure transforms to a monoclinic form, space group C2/m, a = 8.5548(1) b = 8.4808(1) c = 6.0118(1) Angstrom beta = 134.806(1). R-p 5.30, R-wp 6.50, chi (2) 2.64%. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kennedy, BJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RI Vogt, Thomas /A-1562-2011; OI Vogt, Thomas /0000-0002-4731-2787; Kennedy, Brendan/0000-0002-7187-4579 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2001 VL 119 IS 8-9 BP 549 EP 552 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00265-4 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 464KW UT WOS:000170532600013 ER PT J AU Okram, GS Aoki, H Xu, M Hinks, DG Li, TW AF Okram, GS Aoki, H Xu, M Hinks, DG Li, TW TI Vortex types and their phase diagram in Tl2Ba2CuO6 single crystals SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE high T-c-superconductors; flux pinning and creep; phase transition ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; LOCK-IN; CRITICAL-FIELD; VORTICES; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; TRANSITION; MODEL; STATE AB Precision flux Row resistivity rho(theta) measurements were carried out as a function of the: angle theta between the applied magnetic field H and the-c-axis on good quality over-doped Tl2Ba2CuO6 single crystals. The rho(theta )data exhibit a significant drop, a dip and a peak as theta approaches 90 degrees. We attributed them to the vortex transitions of different types and the new theta -T and theta -H phase diagrams were identified, where Tis the temperature. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Res Inst Met, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Natl Phys Lab, Cryogen & Supercond Div, New Delhi 110012, India. Tohoku Univ, Ctr Low Temp Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 98077, Japan. Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Okram, GS (reprint author), Natl Res Inst Met, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2001 VL 118 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00032-1 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 416AQ UT WOS:000167756100007 ER PT J AU Lee, SJ Kim, KJ AF Lee, SJ Kim, KJ TI Comparative study of optical and magneto-optical properties and electronic structure of ferrimagnetic GdFe2 and GdCo2 SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE magnetically ordered materials; optical properties; electronic states ID RARE-EARTH AB The optical and magneto-optical properties of single-crystalline GdFe2 and GdCo2 were measured by ellipsometry and magneto-optical Ken effect spectroscopy in the 1.4-5.3 eV range. The optical constants of the compounds are quite similar to each other in the whole energy range. On the other hand, their magneto-optical constants behave differently from each other with the structural peaks for GdCo2 shifted to higher energies by about 0.5 eV from those for GdFe2. The results indicate that magneto-optical measurements can detect differences in the electronic structure between the two compounds while optical measurements cannot. The peak shift is interpreted as due to a stronger d hybridization in GdCo2 than in GdFe2. leading to larger d-state binding energies for CdCo2 than those for GdFe2. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Kim, KJ (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2001 VL 118 IS 5 BP 269 EP 272 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00074-6 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 425XV UT WOS:000168317700010 ER PT J AU Susaki, T Fujimori, A Okusawa, M Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z AF Susaki, T Fujimori, A Okusawa, M Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z TI High-resolution photoemission study of the valence transition in YbInCu4 SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE heavy fermions; phase transitions; photoelectron spectroscopies ID TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; PHASE-TRANSITION; IMPURITY MODEL; YBXIN1-XCU2; YBIN1-XAGXCU4; SPECTROSCOPY; EVOLUTION; SPECTRA; CE AB We have performed a photoemission study of YbInCu4, which undergoes a first-order phase transition at T-v similar or equal to 40 K between the low-temperature intermediate-valence state and the high-temperature local-moment state. The Yb 4f photoemission peak (Kondo peak) just below the Fermi level, which probably originates from the subsurface region of the YbInCu4 samples but tracks the valence transition in the bull; YbInCu4, has been studied above and below T-v. It has been found that the 4f photoemission peak is shifted from similar to - 35 meV at 75 K to -40 meV at 7 K. By analyzing the 4f peak position and the Yb valence in the two phases using the Anderson impurity model, we find that the bare 4f level, which is located close to the Fermi level, is shifted downward and the hybridization strength decreases in going from the high-temperature to low-temperature phases. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Gunma Univ, Fac Educ, Dept Phys, Maebashi, Gumma 3718510, Japan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Florida State Univ, NHMFL, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RP Susaki, T (reprint author), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. RI Susaki, Tomofumi/E-6394-2014 NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2001 VL 118 IS 8 BP 413 EP 417 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00118-1 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 439KX UT WOS:000169117000007 ER PT J AU Raymond, S Rueff, JP Shapiro, SM Wochner, P Sette, F Lejay, P AF Raymond, S Rueff, JP Shapiro, SM Wochner, P Sette, F Lejay, P TI Anomalous lattice properties of the heavy fermion compound CeRu2Si2: an X-ray scattering investigation SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE heavy fermion; electron-phonon interactions; thermal expansion; synchrotron radiation ID DYNAMICS; TRANSITION; SYSTEMS; GLASS AB An elastic and inelastic X-ray scattering investigation of the anomalous lattice properties of the heavy fermion compound CeRu2Si2 is reported. Thermal expansion, thermal diffuse scattering and phonon spectra were measured between 300 and 10 K. The static properties reflect the Kondo regime while no anomaly is found in the phonon dynamics. The present experiment also demonstrates the possibility of performing inelastic X-ray scattering in strongly absorbing compounds. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CEA, DRFMC, SPSMS, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Max Planck Inst Met Forsch, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany. CNRS, Ctr Rech Tres Basses Temp, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Raymond, S (reprint author), CEA, DRFMC, SPSMS, F-38054 Grenoble, France. RI Rueff, Jean-Pascal/D-8938-2016 OI Rueff, Jean-Pascal/0000-0003-3594-918X NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2001 VL 118 IS 9 BP 473 EP 477 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00162-4 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 439KZ UT WOS:000169117200009 ER PT J AU Roh, Y Lauf, RJ McMillan, AD Zhang, C Rawn, CJ Bai, J Phelps, TJ AF Roh, Y Lauf, RJ McMillan, AD Zhang, C Rawn, CJ Bai, J Phelps, TJ TI Microbial synthesis and the characterization of metal-substituted magnetites SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE magnetically ordered materials; scanning electron microscopy; X-ray scattering ID IRON-OXIDES; DEEP SUBSURFACE; BACTERIA; REDUCTION; HEMATITE AB The use of bacteria as a novel biotechnology to facilitate the production of nanoparticles is in its infancy. We describe a bacterially mediated electrochemical process in which metal (Co, Cr, or Ni)-substituted magnetite powders were synthesized by iron(III)-reducing bacteria under anaerobic conditions. Amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxides plus soluble metal species (Co. Cr, Ni) comprise the electron acceptor and hydrogen or simple organics comprise the electron donor. The microbial processes produced copious amount of nm-sized, metal-substituted magnetite crystals. Chemical analysis and X-ray powder diffraction analysis showed that metals such as Co, Cr, and Ni were substituted into biologically facilitated magnetites. These results suggest that the bacteria may be viewed as a nonspecific source of electrons at a potential that can be calculated or surmised based on the underlying thermodynamics. Microbially facilitated synthesis of the metal-substituted magnetites at near ambient temperatures may expand the possible use of the specialized ferromagnetic particles. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Phelps, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; Bai, Jianming/O-5005-2015 NR 22 TC 97 Z9 102 U1 5 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2001 VL 118 IS 10 BP 529 EP 534 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00146-6 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 440PH UT WOS:000169183200008 ER PT J AU Mizel, A Cohen, ML AF Mizel, A Cohen, ML TI Wannier function analysis of InP nanocrystals under pressure (vol 113, pg 189, 2000) SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mizel, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2001 VL 117 IS 7 BP 449 EP 449 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(00)00503-2 PG 1 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 400VR UT WOS:000166892800011 ER PT J AU Dubon, OD Silvestri, HH Walukiewicz, W Hallera, EE AF Dubon, OD Silvestri, HH Walukiewicz, W Hallera, EE TI Hopping conduction through the 2s states of copper accepters in uniaxially stressed germanium SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE semiconductors; impurities in semicondutors; electronic transport ID GROUND-STATE AB We have studied hopping conduction in uniaxially stressed Cu-doped Ge. The electronic ground state of neutral Cu accepters, normally accommodating three 1s holes, undergoes a transformation to a 1s(2)2s(1) configuration with the application of uniaxial stress greater than 4 kbar. Upon undergoing this transformation, the copper accepters form a system of lithium-like impurities in which hopping transitions of carriers take place through 2s rather than Is states. The significant overlap between the more extended 2s wavefunctions located on different sites results in a decrease of the resistivity in the hopping regime by eight orders of magnitude. Good agreement was obtained between the experimental results and our calculations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM addubon@socrates.berkeley.edu NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 EI 1879-2766 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2001 VL 117 IS 9 BP 537 EP 541 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(00)00499-3 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 400VU UT WOS:000166893000006 ER PT J AU Look, DC Stutz, CE Molnar, RJ Saarinen, K Liliental-Weber, Z AF Look, DC Stutz, CE Molnar, RJ Saarinen, K Liliental-Weber, Z TI Dislocation-independent mobility in lattice-mismatched epitaxy: application to GaN SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE interfaces; epitaxy; dislocations ID SCATTERING AB Lattice-mismatched epitaxy produces a high concentration of dislocations (N-dis) in the interface region, and this region is often highly conductive, due to donor (N-D) decoration of the dislocations. Here we show that a simple postulate, N-D = alpha (N-dis/c), where c is the lattice constant and alpha a constant of order 1-2, predicts a nearly constant low-temperature mobility, independent of N-dis This prediction is experimentally verified in GaN grown on Al2O3, and is also applied to other mismatched systems. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. Helsinki Univ Technol, Phys Lab, FIN-02015 Helsinki, Finland. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Look, DC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Semicond Res Ctr, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 10 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PY 2001 VL 117 IS 10 BP 571 EP 575 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(01)00010-2 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 404DZ UT WOS:000167083300001 ER PT J AU Shul, RJ Zhang, L Baca, AG Willison, CG Han, J Pearton, SJ Lee, KP Ren, F AF Shul, RJ Zhang, L Baca, AG Willison, CG Han, J Pearton, SJ Lee, KP Ren, F TI Inductively coupled high-density plasma-induced etch damage of GaN MESFETs SO SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSISTORS AB The fabrication of a wide variety of GaN-based photonic and electronic devices depends on dry etching, which typically requires ion-assisted removal of the substrate material. Under conditions of both high plasma Aux and energetic ion bombardment, GaN etch rates greater than 0.5 mum min(-1) and anisotropic etch profiles are readily achieved in inductively; coupled plasma (ICP) etch systems. Unfortunately, under these conditions, plasma-induced damage often occurs. Attempts to minimize such damage by reducing the ion energy or increasing the chemical activity in the plasma often result in a loss of etch rate or profile control which can limit dimensional control and reduce the utility of the process for device applications requiring anisotropic etch profiles. It is therefore necessary to develop plasma etch processes which couple anisotropy For critical dimension and sidewall profile control and high etch rates with low-damage for optimum device performance. In this study, we report changes in source resistance, reverse breakdown voltage, transconductance, and drain saturation current for GaN MESFET structures exposed to an Ar ICP plasma. In general. plasma-induced damage was more sensitive to ion bombardment energies as compared to plasma flux. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Ren, F (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, POB 116005, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1101 J9 SOLID STATE ELECTRON JI Solid-State Electron. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 45 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 DI 10.1016/S0038-1101(00)00164-7 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 400VP UT WOS:000166892600002 ER PT J AU Boyapati, S Wachsman, ED Chakoumakos, BC AF Boyapati, S Wachsman, ED Chakoumakos, BC TI Neutron diffraction study of occupancy and positional order of oxygen ions in phase stabilized cubic bismuth oxides SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE neutron scattering; oxygen ion conductors; bismuth oxide; Rietveld refinement ID SOLID ELECTROLYTES; CONDUCTORS; (BI2O3)1-X(Y2O3)X; TRANSFORMATION; CONDUCTIVITY; BI2O3 AB The high temperature cubic bismuth oxide phase stabilized with lanthanide dopants undergoes an order-disorder transition of the anion sublattice at about 600 degreesC. When annealed at temperatures below the transition temperature, oxygen ion conductivity undergoes a decay. Neutron diffraction studies have been performed to investigate the structural changes in the anion sublattice that result in the conductivity decay and the effect of dopant on the kinetics of decay. Atomic displacement parameters of oxygen ions were determined at low temperatures for the ordered and disordered structures to determine the static disorder in the oxygen sublattice of ordered and disordered structures. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Neutron Scattering Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wachsman, ED (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RI Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 20 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD JAN PY 2001 VL 138 IS 3-4 BP 293 EP 304 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(00)00792-X PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 395XK UT WOS:000166606400016 ER PT S AU Brown, M AF Brown, M BE Ferguson, IT Park, YS Narendran, N DenBaars, SP TI Evaluation of light-emitting diode lamps: A report to the City of Albuquerque SO SOLID STATE LIGHTING AND DISPLAYS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solid State Lighting and Displays CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 2001 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE AB Sandia assessed white LED lamps for parking lot, security and bike path lighting for the City of Albuquerque. Powering these lamps with photovoltaics was of particular interest to the city. Eight commercially available lamps were tested; one was AC and all others were 12-volt DC. Because DC-only photovoltaic systems do not regulate output voltage, a 12-volt nominal photovoltaic system can see a voltage range from 10.5-15.3 volts. Therefore, the LED lamp must be specified for the DC voltage range expected with a photovoltaic system. We found several failed lamps at the high voltage range of our test, which is below voltages that can be seen in the field. In addition, LED lamps need to be more powerful and cost competitive, and temperature and lifetime issues need to be addressed in order to be more widely useful with photovoltaic systems for illumination applications. We concluded that presently available white LED lighting powered by photovoltaics could be considered for bike path lighting applications where the area is remote, or for security lighting in areas that are difficult to access. We do not recommend LED lamps for much larger flux levels such as parking lot fighting at this time. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brown, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-4159-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2001 VL 4445 BP 49 EP 59 AR UNSP 4445-08 DI 10.1117/12.450045 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BU10M UT WOS:000175017400006 ER PT J AU Campbell, IH Smith, DL AF Campbell, IH Smith, DL TI Physics of organic electronic devices SO SOLID STATE PHYSICS: ADVANCES IN RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS, VOL 55 SE SOLID STATE PHYSICS-ADVANCES IN RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; LUMINESCENT CONJUGATED POLYMERS; EXCITON BINDING-ENERGY; NONLINEAR-OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DISORDERED HOPPING SYSTEM; CHARGE-LIMITED CONDUCTION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; ELECTROCHEMICAL-CELLS C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Campbell, IH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 224 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 34 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0081-1947 J9 SOLID STATE PHYS PY 2001 VL 55 BP 1 EP 117 DI 10.1016/S0081-1947(01)80003-5 PG 117 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BR33H UT WOS:000166111300001 ER PT S AU Watson, RE Weinert, M AF Watson, RE Weinert, M BE Ehrenreich, H Spaepen, F TI Transition-metals and their alloys SO SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 56 SE Solid State Physics LA English DT Review ID BINDING-ENERGY SHIFTS; STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITIONS; UNIT-CELL DIMENSIONS; CORE-LEVEL SHIFTS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; MARTENSITIC TRANSFORMATIONS C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 245 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0081-1947 BN 0-12-607756-8 J9 SOLID STATE PHYS JI Solid State Phys. PY 2001 VL 56 BP 1 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0081-1947(01)80018-7 PG 112 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BT18C UT WOS:000172214000001 ER PT S AU Samara, GA AF Samara, GA BE Ehrenreich, H Spaepen, F TI Ferroelectricity revisited - Advances in materials and physics SO SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 56 SE Solid State Physics LA English DT Review ID DIFFUSE PHASE-TRANSITION; LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; LONG-RANGE ORDER; POLY(VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE-TRIFLUOROETHYLENE) COPOLYMER; GLASSY POLARIZATION BEHAVIOR; INELASTIC-NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DOPED QUANTUM PARAELECTRICS; BETA-MOLECULAR RELAXATION; RANDOM-FIELD INSTABILITY; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE SYSTEM C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 294 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 9 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0081-1947 BN 0-12-607756-8 J9 SOLID STATE PHYS JI Solid State Phys. PY 2001 VL 56 BP 239 EP 458 DI 10.1016/S0081-1947(01)80020-5 PG 220 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BT18C UT WOS:000172214000003 ER PT J AU Baes, CF AF Baes, CF TI Modeling solvent extraction systems with SXFIT SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article AB SXFIT is the latest in a series of programs designed to model solvent extraction systems of increasing complexity. Unlike its predecessors, SXFIT permits the user complete freedom to define the constituents from which the composition of each phase is to be specified in the data and from which all species of a model for a system are to be formed. This paper describes the manner in which the physical chemistry of the nonaqueous and aqueous solutions involved has come to be treated in this modelling effort. Included are: (1) solute activity coefficients and solvent activity in the nonaqueous phase, estimated by the Scatchard-Hildebrand-Scott treatment; (2) the effect of ionization on these quantities; (3) solute activity coefficients and water activity in the aqueous phase, estimated by the Fitter treatment; (4) the effect of non ideal behavior on the total concentration of nonaqueous solute species as rendered by a vapor pressure osmometer; (5) a similar treatment of heats of mixing of nonaqueous solutions; (6) the estimation of apparent molar volumes of aqueous species and, from these, the solution density, needed for the conversion of concentrations from the molarity to the molality scale; (7) the conversion of equilibrium constants from one concentration scale to another. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Baes, CF (reprint author), 102 Berwick Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 2 BP 193 EP 213 DI 10.1081/SEI-100102691 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 421DE UT WOS:000168046200001 ER PT J AU Chiarizia, R McAlister, DR Herligner, AW Bond, AH AF Chiarizia, R McAlister, DR Herligner, AW Bond, AH TI Solvent extraction by dialkyl-substituted diphosphonic acids in a depolymerizing diluent. I. Alkaline earth cations SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID P,P'-DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; METAL EXTRACTION; AGGREGATION; COMPLEXES; DICYCLOHEXANO-18-CROWN-6; STRONTIUM AB In this work, the extraction of Ca2+, S2+ and Ba2+ by P,P ' -di(2-ethylhexyl) methylene- (H2DEH[MDP]), ethylene(H2DEH[EDP]), and butylene- (H2DEH[BuDP]) diphosphonic acids, has been investigated in the monomerizing diluent 1-decanol. In all cases, the slope of the acid dependencies at low aqueous acidities equals -2, indicating that two protons are displaced from the extractant molecules, regardless of the type of complexes formed in the organic phase. Extraction of metal nitrates through a solvation mechanism, however, has also been identified. The extractant dependency data exhibit variable slopes, consistent with the simultaneous formation of complexes having 1:1 (MA) and 1:2 (MA.H(2)A or M(HA)(2)) metal to ligand stoichiometry (where A denotes the anion of the extractants). The latter species becomes predominant at higher extractant concentrations. Based on the selectivity sequences observed for the alkaline earth cations with the di(2-ethylhexyl) diphosphonic acids, probable structures have been assigned to the metal-extractant complexes. Comparison of the extraction data in 1-decanol with those obtained previously in o-xylene shows that 1-decanol strongly suppresses metal extraction by the di(2-ethylhexyl) diphosphonic acids. This is consistent with strong hydrogen-bonding of the monomeric extractant molecules with the diluent. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60025 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 2 BP 261 EP 276 DI 10.1081/SEI-100102695 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 421DE UT WOS:000168046200005 ER PT J AU Mathur, JN Murali, MS Nash, KL AF Mathur, JN Murali, MS Nash, KL TI Actinide partitioning - A review SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Review ID EXTRACTION CHROMATOGRAPHIC-SEPARATION; N-DIISOBUTYLCARBAMOYLMETHYLPHOSPHINE OXIDE; RADIOACTIVE-WASTE SOLUTIONS; TRUEX PROCESS SOLVENT; NITRIC-ACID MEDIA; TRIBUTYL-PHOSPHATE; FISSION-PRODUCTS; OXALATE SUPERNATANT; MINOR ACTINIDES; OCTYL(PHENYL)-N,N-DIISOBUTYLCARBAMOYLMETHYLPHOSPHINE OXIDE AB Reagents and methods that have been developed during the past 20 years for hydrometallurgical partitioning of actinides from different types of transuranium (TRU) wastes and dissolved fuels are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the extraction performance of the fully-optimized reagents rather than on the structural iterations that were undertaken land in some cases are still being conducted) to identify the optimum species. Particular attention is paid to separation processes that have been demonstrated in batch and counter-current solvent extraction, and batch and column mode extraction chromatography. The salient features of the various techniques and reagents for actinide recycle are compared. Sections of the review focus on neptunium behavior in hydrometallurgy and on characterization of those reagents best suited to the separation of trivalent actinides from fission product lanthanides. Selected flowsheets that have been reported for the separation and recovery of actinides from TRU wastes are presented. C1 Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Radiochem, Mumbai 400085, India. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mathur, JN (reprint author), Bhabha Atom Res Ctr, Div Radiochem, Mumbai 400085, India. NR 122 TC 316 Z9 316 U1 6 U2 77 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 3 BP 357 EP 390 DI 10.1081/SEI-100103276 PG 34 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 441YK UT WOS:000169257000001 ER PT J AU Chiarizia, R McAlister, DR Herlinger, AW AF Chiarizia, R McAlister, DR Herlinger, AW TI Solvent extraction by dialkyl-substituted diphosphonic acids in a depolymerizing diluent. II. Fe(III) and actinide ions SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID P,P'-DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; METAL EXTRACTION; AGGREGATION; COMPLEXES; EXCHANGE; CATIONS; SALTS AB In this work, the extraction of Am(III), U(VI), Th(IV) and Fe(III) by P,P'-di(2-ethylhexyl) methylene- (H2DEH[MDP]), ethylene-(H2DEH[EDP]), and butylene- (H2DEH[BuDP]) diphosphonic acids dissolved in the monomerizing diluent 1-decanol has been investigated. A comparison of the acid dependencies with those observed in o-xylene has revealed a number of novel features which have been ascribed to extraction of metal nitrates through a solvation mechanism made possible by facile transfer of nitrate ions into the 1-decanol phase. The use of l-decanol as the diluent gives rise to strong suppression of metal extraction, which increases along the series Fe(III)< U(VI)< Am(III)< Th(IV) and H2DEH[MDP] < H2DEH[EDP] less than or equal to H2DEH[BuDP]. The extractant dependencies of U(VI) and Th(IV) have slopes equal to 2 with all extractants. Those for Am(LII) and Fe(LII) exhibit variable slopes with limiting values of 1 at the lowest and 3 at the highest extractant concentrations. From the combined information provided by the acid and extractant dependencies, stoichiometries and probable structures for complexes formed in the organic phase have been proposed. The data obtained in this work suggest a simple route for actinide stripping from diphosphonic acid extractants loaded in nonpolar diluents. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60025 USA. RP Chiarizia, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 3 BP 415 EP 440 DI 10.1081/SEI-100103278 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 441YK UT WOS:000169257000003 ER PT J AU Fiskum, SK Rapko, BM Lumetta, GJ AF Fiskum, SK Rapko, BM Lumetta, GJ TI Partitioning of mercury from actinides in the TRUEX process SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID PROCESS SOLVENT; EXTRACTION AB A mercury complexant, L-cysteine hydrochloride, was tested for use in separating Hg(II) from actinides during transuranic extraction (TRUEX) processing of wastes at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Mercury, americium, plutonium, and uranyl distributions for the TRUEX solvent were characterized over a nitric acid concentration range of 0.01 to 2M with and without cysteine. The applicability of cysteine was evaluated for selective Hg(II) complexation in an INEEL sodium-bearing waste simulant. A test was also conducted to evaluate the applicability of cysteine to separate Hg(II) from Sr in the strontium extraction (SREX) process with Sr Resin used as a stand-in for the SREX process solvent. In all cases, the use of L-cysteine HCl retained Hg in the aqueous phase while causing no or little perturbation in the actinide and Sr distribution behavior. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fiskum, SK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 4 BP 643 EP 657 DI 10.1081/SEI-100103813 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 452KM UT WOS:000169856900005 ER PT J AU Beitz, JV Williams, CW AF Beitz, JV Williams, CW TI Metal ion coordination studies on a silica-based ion exchange resin before and after heating SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID HYDRATION STATES; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; LUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; URANIUM; GLASS AB Work designed to assess the potential of using a single material to sorb highly charged metal ions from aqueous solution and then microencapsulate and chemical fix those sorbed metal ions in vitreous silica is described. The basis for these; studies is a chemically functionalized porous silica that is termed Diphosil. Diphosil was created by Chiarizia and coworkers (Solv. Extr. Ion Exch. 1996, 14(6), 1977-1100) as an ion exchange resin that strongly sorbs actinide and other highly charged metal ions from acid solutions. We have determined the maximum metal ion loading for Diphosil and shown that it sorbs trivalent ions from concentrated phosphoric acid. Using FT-LR analysis, we have shown that heating metal ion-loaded Diphosil in air converts its organic content primarily into carbon dioxide and water vapor. We have carried out studies on luminescence dynamics and spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffraction, and optical microscopy of metal ion-loaded Diphosil prior to and following heating in air. All of the results of our investigations are consistent with microencapsulation and chemical fixation of metal ions sorbed into Diphosil when that material is heated to 1273 K. In consequence, Diphosil is a promising basis for a single material approach to reducing nuclear waste volume by removing longlived alpha emitters from high level liquid radioactive waste and generating a vitreous silica nuclear waste form for the removed radionuclides that is suitable for geologic disposal. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Beitz, JV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0736-6299 EI 1532-2262 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 4 BP 699 EP 723 DI 10.1081/SEI-100103816 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 452KM UT WOS:000169856900008 ER PT J AU Moyer, BA Baes, CF Case, FI Driver, JL AF Moyer, BA Baes, CF Case, FI Driver, JL TI Liquid-liquid equilibrium analysis in perspective. II. Complete model of water, nitric acid, and uranyl nitrate extraction by di-2-ethylhexyl sulfoxide in dodecane SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID N-BUTYL PHOSPHATE; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; CHEMICAL-MODEL; BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) SULFOXIDE; OSMOTIC COEFFICIENTS; TRIBUTYL-PHOSPHATE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PLUTONIUM(IV); SYSTEM; THERMODYNAMICS AB New and previously reported data on the extraction of water (W), HNO3 (HX), and UO2(NO3)(2) (MX2) from aqueous mixtures by DEHSO (B) in dodecane are combined to develop a comprehensive model of U(VI) extraction from nitric acid by DEHSO. The computer program SXFIT used for this modeling estimates solute activity coefficients and solvent activities in the aqueous phase by the Pitzer treatment and in the nonaqueous phase by the Hildebrand-Scott treatment. Included is a critical evaluation of the Pitzer parameters needed and an estimate of the smaller effect of the solubility parameters assigned to the nonaqueous solutes. The resulting model indicates that: (1) The small amount of water extracted by dodecane alone is monomolecular (W). (2) The additional water extracted by B requires three hydrated species (BW, B2W and an aggregate assigned as B2W5). (3) The extraction of HX by B requires four species (BHX, B(HX)(2)W-5, and two species of B2HX, probably B2HX, and B2BXW2). (4) Finally, the extraction Of MX2 yields two additional species (principally MB2X2 and a hydrate of MB3X2). To account adequately for all the data, no less than 11 nonaqueous solute species are required as well as the adjustment of two Pitzer parameters, psi [UO22+-H+-NO3-] and psi [Na+-H+-NO3-]. The treatment of non-ideality, the low interdependence of the adjusted parameters, the diversity of the data (fitted in stages), and the consistency of the resulting model with the behavior of related neutral, oxygen-donor extractants strongly suggest that the complexity of this system is real, rather than an artifact of over interpretation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Moyer, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 71 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 12 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 5 BP 757 EP 790 DI 10.1081/SEI-100107024 PG 34 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 476TX UT WOS:000171245800001 ER PT J AU Jensen, MP Chiarizia, R Urban, V AF Jensen, MP Chiarizia, R Urban, V TI Investigation of the aggregation of the neodymium complexes of dialkylphosphoric, -oxothiophosphinic, and -dithiophosphinic acids in toluene SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID METAL EXTRACTANT REAGENTS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; PURIFIED CYANEX-301; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; SEPARATION; COBALT(II); NICKEL(II); CRYSTAL AB Small angle neutron scattering and visible absorption spectroscopy were used to study the neodymium. complexes of a series of acidic organophosphorus extractants in deuterated toluene at high (greater than or equal to 33% theoretical capacity) metal loading. Organic phases containing 0.10M bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP), bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)oxothiophosphinic acid (HC302), or bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid (HC301) were used. Under these conditions, the neutron scattering experiments show that HDEHP and HC302 exist as dimeric species in the absence of Nd. Extraction of Nd disrupts the dimeric structure of the extractants to form dinuclear complexes with the formula Nd-2(DEHP)(6) or Nd-2(C302)(6). In contrast, 0.10M HC301 is not dimeric in deuterated toluene. At 86% of the theoretical Nd capacity, the extracted complex is also dinuclear with the average formula Nd-2(C301)(6), but at 46% of the theoretical Nd capacity only the mononuclear complex, Nd(C301)(3), is formed. The Nd hypersensitive transitions in the visible region of the spectrum provide further support for this interpretation of the neutron scattering data and the equivalence of the Nd coordination in highly loaded HDEHP and bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, IPNS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jensen, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Jensen, Mark/G-9131-2012; Urban, Volker/N-5361-2015 OI Jensen, Mark/0000-0003-4494-6693; Urban, Volker/0000-0002-7962-3408 NR 60 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 15 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 5 BP 865 EP 884 DI 10.1081/SEI-100107027 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 476TX UT WOS:000171245800004 ER PT J AU Otu, E Chiarizia, R AF Otu, E Chiarizia, R TI Temperature effects in the extraction of metal ions by dialkyl-substituted diphosphonic acids. I. The Am(III) case SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID P,P'-DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; 2-ETHYLHEXYL PHENYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; NAPHTHALENE SULFONIC-ACID; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; SYNERGISTIC EXTRACTION; AGGREGATION; THERMODYNAMICS; COMPLEXES; LANTHANIDE; EXCHANGE AB The extraction of Am(IH) from HNO3 by o-xylene solutions of P,P ' -di(2-ethylhexyl) methylene- (H2DEH[MDP]), ethylene(H2DEH[EDP]), and butylene- (H2DEH[BuDP]) diphosphonic acids has been investigated. Thermodynamic parameters of the extraction process were determined by the temperature coefficient of the metal distribution ratio in the 25.0 to 60.0 degreesC temperature range. The extractant aggregation and the extraction stoichiometries with the different diphosphonic acids did not exhibit any significant temperature dependence. Extraction of Am(III) by H2DEH[MDP] is favored by both enthalpy and entropy variations. When Am(III) is extracted by either H2DEH[EDP] or H2DEH[BuDP] the process is entropy controlled. The enthalpy variation for Am(III) extraction exhibited a trend along the series H2DEH[MDP], H2DEH[EDP], H2DEH [BuDP], with the reaction being exothermic for the first, thermoneutral for the second, and endothermic for the third extractant, respectively. This trend was explained as arising from the formation of progressively less stable chelate rings along the diphosphonic acids series. The zero or positive enthalpy variation with a concomitant favorable entropy variation confirm for H2DEH[EDP] and possibly for H2DEH[BuDP] a micellar-like type of extraction process. C1 Indiana Univ SE, Dept Chem, New Albany, IN 47150 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Otu, E (reprint author), Indiana Univ SE, Dept Chem, New Albany, IN 47150 USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 5 BP 885 EP 904 DI 10.1081/SEI-100107028 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 476TX UT WOS:000171245800005 ER PT J AU Ferraro, JR Borkowski, M Chiarizia, R McAlister, DR AF Ferraro, JR Borkowski, M Chiarizia, R McAlister, DR TI FT-IR spectroscopy of nitric acid in TBP/octane solution SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article DE infrared spectra; TBP; nitric acid; third phase AB Infrared studies for the HNO3/0.73M TBP/n-octane system are reported. Two extracted species, TBP . HNO3 and TBP . 2HNO(3), were identified in the organic phase. The concentration of the individual species was determined by the analysis of the vibrational band at similar to 1650 cm(-1). The band at 1648 cm(-1) was assigned to the monosolvate TBP . HNO3 and the band at 1672 cm(-1) to the hemisolvate TBP . 2HNO(3). The infrared spectra revealed that with respect to the P=O bond, as well to each other, the HNO3 molecules in the hemisolvate are spectrally non-equivalent. The predominant structure of TBP . 2HNO(3) involves the chain HNO3 dimer. Some ionic NO3- and hydronium ions were identified in this system but only during formation of the monosolvate. The analyses performed in this system can serve for the characterization of HNO3 in related systems in the presence of metal species. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Loyola Univ, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60626 USA. RP Ferraro, JR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 6 BP 981 EP 992 DI 10.1081/SEI-100107614 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 500EC UT WOS:000172612100003 ER PT J AU Otu, EO Chiarizia, R AF Otu, EO Chiarizia, R TI Thermodynamics of the extraction of metal ions by dialkyl-substituted diphosphonic acids. II. The U(VI) and Sr(II) case SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID P,P'-DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) METHANEDIPHOSPHONIC ACID; 2-ETHYLHEXYL PHENYLPHOSPHONIC ACID; NAPHTHALENE SULFONIC-ACID; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; SYNERGISTIC EXTRACTION; AGGREGATION; LANTHANIDE; COMPLEXES; EXCHANGE; MICELLES AB The thermodynamics of extraction of U(VI) and Sr(II) from aqueous HNO3 solutions by o-xylene solutions of P,P ' -di(2-ethylhexyl) methylene- (H2DEH-[EDP]), ethylene-(H2DEH[EDP]), and butylene- (H2DEH[BuDP]) diphosphonic acids has been investigated by measuring metal distribution ratios in the 25.0 to 60.0 degreesC temperature range. The extractant aggregation and extraction stoichiometries for both metal ions did not change with temperature. The extraction of U(VI) by all three extractants is strongly driven by both enthalpy and entropy variations. The extraction of Sr(II) by H2DEH[MDP] is enthalpy driven. Unfavorable entropy changes characterize the extraction of Sr(II) by H2DEH[EDP] and H2DEH[BuDP]. This is not indicative of the micellar-type extraction mechanism exhibited by Am(III). A more rigorous thermodynamic treatment of previously reported Ani(III) data has been performed. The absolute values of the free energy and entropy changes of the extraction are affected. However, the extraction of Ani(III) by H2DEH[MDP] is still strongly driven by both enthalpy and entropy variations, whereas Ani(III) extraction by H2DEH[EDP] and H2DEH[BuDP] is mainly driven by entropy changes. C1 Indiana Univ SE, Dept Chem, New Albany, IN 47150 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Otu, EO (reprint author), Indiana Univ SE, Dept Chem, New Albany, IN 47150 USA. NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1017 EP 1036 DI 10.1081/SEI-100107617 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 500EC UT WOS:000172612100006 ER PT J AU Duchemin, CR Engle, NL Bonnesen, PV Haverlock, TJ Delmau, LH Moyer, BA AF Duchemin, CR Engle, NL Bonnesen, PV Haverlock, TJ Delmau, LH Moyer, BA TI Solvatochromic solvent polarity measurements of alcohol solvent modifiers and correlation with cesium extraction strength SO SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE LA English DT Article ID SCALE AB Solvatochromic solvent polarity measurements reveal that the cesium extraction strength afforded by solutions composed of calix[4]arene-bis-(tert-octylbenzocrown-6) at 0.005 M in 1,2-dichloroethane containing a variety of novel alcohol phase modifiers at 0.25 M correlates well with the hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) ability of the alcohol. The alcohols comprise a small library of derivatives of 2-(4-tert-octylphenoxy)-1-ethanol, in which the alcohol carbon atom contains a substituent of variable electron-withdrawing ability. The betaine dye 4-(2,4,6-triphenyl-pyridinium)-2,6-diphenylphenoxide, also known as Dimroth-Reichardt dye #30, was used to obtain E-T(30) and E-T(N) values. Alcohols containing substituents with fluorine atoms gave rise to both higher E-T(N) values and higher cesium distribution values. The trend observed in HDB parallels the expected trend in alcohol acidity. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bonnesen, PV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, MS-6119-4500S,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Solominow, Sonia/A-4021-2008; Bonnesen, Peter/A-1889-2016; Moyer, Bruce/L-2744-2016 OI Bonnesen, Peter/0000-0002-1397-8281; Moyer, Bruce/0000-0001-7484-6277 NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 8 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0736-6299 J9 SOLVENT EXTR ION EXC JI Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. PY 2001 VL 19 IS 6 BP 1037 EP 1058 DI 10.1081/SEI-100107618 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 500EC UT WOS:000172612100007 ER PT B AU Chen, PS AF Chen, PS BE Cline, D TI Resonant photon-graviton conversion as a probe into inflationary universe SO SOURCES AND DETECTION OF DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY IN THE UNIVERSE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe CY FEB 23-25, 2000 CL MARINA DEL REY, CA ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND-RADIATION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CONSTRAINTS; ANISOTROPY; FLATNESS; RAINBOW; HORIZON; ORIGIN AB Inflationary cosmology predicts the generation of both density perturbation and relic gravitons. Tests of these predictions, especially the relic gravitons, will be very crucial to the verification of inflation. Efforts have been made to distinguish different inflation models using observed anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background radiation. However, the fact that both scaler and tensor modes contribute to the Sachs-Wolfe effect renders such determination difficult. We point out that, mediated by the primordial magnetic field, the relic gravitons can resonantly convert into photons at the same frequencies. A measurement of the spectrum of these long wavelength EM waves can help to determine the power law index directly, which will distinguish different inflationary models. This opens up a new window for a glance at "gravity's rainbow". C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Chen, PS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349, MS 26, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41216-6 PY 2001 BP 149 EP 156 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BS22P UT WOS:000169113700015 ER PT B AU Noyes, HP AF Noyes, HP BE Cline, D TI Prediction of Omega(M) and estimate of Omega(Lambda) SO SOURCES AND DETECTION OF DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY IN THE UNIVERSE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe CY FEB 23-25, 2000 CL MARINA DEL REY, CA AB We predict that the baryon/photon ratio at the time of nucleogenesis is eta = 1/256(4), Omega (DM)/Omega (B) = 12.7 and (for a cosmological constant of Omega (Lambda) = 0.6) that 0.325 > Omega (M) > 0.183. The predictions of Omega (M) and estimate of Omega (Lambda) were in excellent agreement with Glanz' analysis in 1998, and are still in excellent agreement with Lineweaver's recent analysis. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Noyes, HP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41216-6 PY 2001 BP 275 EP 280 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BS22P UT WOS:000169113700029 ER PT B AU Caldwell, DO AF Caldwell, DO BE Cline, D TI Large extra dimensions and hot dark matter SO SOURCES AND DETECTION OF DARK MATTER AND DARK ENERGY IN THE UNIVERSE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Sources and Detection of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe CY FEB 23-25, 2000 CL MARINA DEL REY, CA ID R-PROCESS NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; SUPERNOVA NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS; SOLAR; TRANSFORMATION; CAPTURE AB A neutrino mass-mixing scheme which explains qualitatively all present evidence for neutrino mass (the solar and atmospheric neutrino deficits, LSND, and significant hot dark matter) also successfully avoids the "alpha effect", allowing r-process nucleosynthesis in the neutrino-heated ejecta of supernovae. The properties of neutrinos required to ensure production of heavy nuclei provides independent evidence for (1) at least one light sterile neutrino, nu (s); (2) a near maximally-mixed nu (mu)-nu (tau) doublet (which also explains the atmospheric anomaly and provides hot dark matter) split from a lower mass nu (e)-nu (s) doublet (needed also for the solar nu (e) deficit); (3) nu (mu)-nu (e) mixing greater than or similar to 10(-4); and (4) a splitting between the doublets (measured by the nu (mu)-nu (e) mass difference) greater than or similar to 1 eV(2), favoring the upper part of the LSND range. There is a quantitative problem with the solar observations, which do not in detail fit this or any other model. If, however, the Ys is it bulk neutrino in extra dimensions the nearness in mass of the aero mode to the nu (e) provides vacuum oscillations, while the Kaluza-Klein states give MSW oscillations, and all the solar data can be fit. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS 67, POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM caldwell@slac.stanford.edu NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-41216-6 PY 2001 BP 507 EP 515 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Applied SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BS22P UT WOS:000169113700051 ER PT S AU Esposito, RD Durante, M Gialanella, G Grossi, G Pugliese, M Scampoli, P Jones, TD AF Esposito, RD Durante, M Gialanella, G Grossi, G Pugliese, M Scampoli, P Jones, TD BE Raulin, F Kobayashi, K Brack, A Greensberg, JM Hei, TK TI On the radiosensitivity of man in space SO SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: LIFE IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM: PREBIOTIC CHEMISTRY, CHIRALITY AND SPACE BIOLOGY SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT F3 4-2/F3 4-3/F2 4 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission F held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Meeting CY JUL, 2000 CL WARSAW, POLAND SP Ctr Natk Etudes Spatiales, European Space Agcy, Int Soc Study Origin Life, Univ Paris 12, Comm Space Res, European Geophys Soc, Int Astonom Union, Agena Spaz Italiana, Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm ID MARROW CELL-KINETICS; MATHEMATICAL-MODELS; STEM-CELLS; MICROGRAVITY; REPAIR; MYELOPOIESIS; SPACEFLIGHT; CYTOPENIA; DAMAGE AB Astronauts' radiation exposure limits are based on experimental and epidemiological data obtained on Earth. It is assumed that radiation sensitivity remains the same in the extraterrestrial space. However, human radiosensitivity is dependent upon the response of the hematopoietic tissue to the radiation insult. It is well known that the immune system is affected by microgravity. We have developed a mathematical model of radiation-induced myelopoiesis which includes the effect of microgravity on bone marrow kinetics. It is assumed that cellular radiosensitivity is not modified by the space environment, but repopulation rates of stem and stromal cells are reduced as a function of time in weightlessness. A realistic model of the space radiation environment, including the HZE component, is used to simulate the radiation damage. A dedicated computer code was written and applied to solar particle events and to the mission to Mars. The results suggest that altered myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis in microgravity might increase human radiosensitivity in space. (C) 2001 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Phys, Naples, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Esposito, RD (reprint author), Univ Naples Federico II, Dept Phys, Naples, Italy. RI Durante, Marco/K-1315-2014; OI Durante, Marco/0000-0002-4615-553X NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2001 VL 27 IS 2 BP 345 EP 354 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(01)00005-9 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BS43Z UT WOS:000169859700021 PM 11642296 ER PT J AU Ergun, RE Carlson, CW Mozer, FS Delory, GT Temerin, M McFadden, JP Pankow, D Abiad, R Harvey, P Wilkes, R Primbsch, H Elphic, R Strangeway, R Pfaff, R Cattell, CA AF Ergun, RE Carlson, CW Mozer, FS Delory, GT Temerin, M McFadden, JP Pankow, D Abiad, R Harvey, P Wilkes, R Primbsch, H Elphic, R Strangeway, R Pfaff, R Cattell, CA TI The FAST satellite fields instrument SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID WAVE-PARTICLE CORRELATOR; PLASMA; MAGNETOSPHERE; DESIGN; GROWTH AB We describe the electric field sensors and electric and magnetic field signal processing on the FAST (Fast Auroral SnapshoT) satellite. The FAST satellite was designed to make high time resolution observations of particles and electromagnetic fields in the auroral zone to study small-scale plasma interactions in the auroral acceleration region. The DC and AC electric fields are measured with three-axis dipole antennas with 56 m, 8 m, and 5 m baselines. A three-axis flux-gate magnetometer measures the DC magnetic field and a three-axis search coil measures the AC magnetic field. A central signal processing system receives all signals from the electric and magnetic field sensors. Spectral coverage is from DC to similar to4 MHz. There are several types of processed data. Survey data are continuous over the auroral zone and have full-orbit coverage for fluxgate magnetometer data. Burst data include a few minutes of a selected region of the auroral zone at the highest time resolution. A subset of the burst data, high speed burst memory data, are waveform data at 2x10(6) sample s(-)1. Electric field and magnetic field data are primarily waveforms and power spectral density as a function of frequency and time. There are also various types of focused data processing, including cross-spectral analysis, fine-frequency plasma wave tracking, high-frequency polarity measurement, and wave-particle correlations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Ergun, RE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Pfaff, Robert/F-5703-2012; OI Pfaff, Robert/0000-0002-4881-9715; Cattell, Cynthia/0000-0002-3805-320X NR 14 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2001 VL 98 IS 1-2 BP 67 EP 91 DI 10.1023/A:1013131708323 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 500EA UT WOS:000172611900003 ER PT J AU Elphic, RC Means, JD Snare, RC Strangeway, RJ Kepko, L Ergun, RE AF Elphic, RC Means, JD Snare, RC Strangeway, RJ Kepko, L Ergun, RE TI Magnetic field instruments for the FAST Auroral Snapshot Explorer SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID INTENSE ELECTRIC-FIELDS; BLACK AURORA; ACCELERATION; SATELLITE; LINES; DE-2 AB The FAST magnetic field investigation incorporates a tri-axial fluxgate magnetometer for DC and low-frequency (ULF) magnetic field measurements, and an orthogonal three-axis searchcoil system for measurement of structures and waves corresponding to ELF and VLF frequencies. One searchcoil sensor is sampled up to 2 MHz to capture the magnetic component of auroral kilometric radiation (AKR). Because of budget, weight, power and telemetry considerations, the fluxgate was given a single gain state, with a 16-bit dynamic range of +/- 65536 nT and 2 nT resolution. With a wide variety of FAST fields instrument telemetry modes, the fluxgate output effective bandwidth is between 0.2 and 25 Hz, depending on the mode. The searchcoil telemetry products include burst waveform capture with 4- and 16-kHz bandwidth, continuous 512-point FFTs of the ELF/VLF band (16 kHz Nyquist) provided by a digital signal processing chip, and swept frequency analysis with a 1-MHz bandwidth. The instruments are operating nominally. Early results have shown that downward auroral field-aligned currents, well-observed over many years on earlier missions, are often carried by accelerated electrons at altitudes above roughly 2000 km in the winter auroral zone. The estimates of current from derivatives of the field data agree with those based on flux from the electrons. Searchcoil observations help constrain the degree to which, for example, ion cyclotron emissions are electrostatic. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Elphic, RC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Kepko, Larry/D-7747-2012 OI Kepko, Larry/0000-0002-4911-8208 NR 11 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2001 VL 98 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 168 DI 10.1023/A:1013153623344 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 500EA UT WOS:000172611900006 ER PT J AU Sittler, E Guhathakurta, M Skoug, R AF Sittler, E Guhathakurta, M Skoug, R TI Semi-empirical 2-D MHD model of the solar corona and solar wind: Energy flow in the corona SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ELECTRONS AB We have developed a semi-empirical 2-D MHD model of the solar corona and solar wind for which the major data inputs are white light coronagraph data and plasma and magnetic field data from the Ulysses spacecraft. With regard to the white light coronagraph data we have used data from Spartan 201-05 to construct our empirical models of the electron density and magnetic field. We then use conservations laws of mass, momentum and energy to compute estimates of the flow velocity, effective temperature and effective heat flux as a function of radial distance and latitude. We will then compare our empirical model estimates with that of other theoretical models. An example, is the WKB contribution of Alfven waves to the effective temperature and effective heat flux. We have also investigated the importance of electron heat conduction in the context as past theoretical and empirical models and present a preliminary description of a semi-empirical model of electron heat conduction. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2001 VL 97 IS 1-4 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1023/A:1011809707695 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472DH UT WOS:000170967700009 ER PT J AU Gosling, JT Forsyth, RJ AF Gosling, JT Forsyth, RJ TI CME-driven solar wind disturbances at high heliographic latitudes SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; ULYSSES OBSERVATIONS; LASCO OBSERVATIONS; ELECTRON EVENTS; MAGNETIC CLOUDS; SHOCK; FLUX; TOPOLOGY; SPEEDS AB We have identified 20 coronal mass ejections, or CMEs, in the solar wind in the Ulysses data obtained between S30 degrees and S75 degrees during the second polar orbit. Unlike CME-driven disturbances observed at high latitudes during Ulysses' first polar orbit, these disturbances had plasma and magnetic field characteristics similar to those observed in the ecliptic plane near 1 AU when one allows for evolution with heliocentric distance. Here we provide a brief overview of CME observations at high latitudes both close to and far from the Sun, with emphasis on the recent Ulysses measurements on the rising portion of solar cycle 23. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2001 VL 97 IS 1-4 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1023/A:1011874027259 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472DH UT WOS:000170967700017 ER PT J AU McComas, DJ Goldstein, R Gosling, JT Skoug, RM AF McComas, DJ Goldstein, R Gosling, JT Skoug, RM TI Ulysses' second orbit: Remarkably different solar wind SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID EVENTS; STREAM; FLUX AB By the time of the 34th ESLAB symposium, dedicated to the memory of John Simpson, Ulysses had nearly reached its peak southerly latitude in its second polar orbit. The global solar wind structure observed thus far in Ulysses' second orbit is remarkably different from that observed over its first orbit. In particular, Ulysses observed highly irregular solar wind with less periodic stream interaction regions, much more frequent coronal mass ejections, and only a single, short interval of fast solar wind. Ulysses also observed the slowest solar wind seen thus far in its ten-year journey (similar to 270 km s(-1)). The complicated solar wind structure undoubtedly arises from the more complex coronal structure found around solar activity maximum, when the large polar coronal holes have disappeared and coronal streamers, small-scale coronal holes, and frequent CMEs are found at all heliolatitudes. C1 SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP SW Res Inst, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 12 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2001 VL 97 IS 1-4 BP 99 EP 103 DI 10.1023/A:1011826111330 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472DH UT WOS:000170967700018 ER PT J AU Gosling, JT McComas, DJ Skoug, RM Forsyth, RJ AF Gosling, JT McComas, DJ Skoug, RM Forsyth, RJ TI Stream interaction regions at high heliographic latitudes during Ulysses' second polar orbit SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SOLAR-WIND AB Ulysses observed well-defined stream interaction regions, SIRs, associated with solar wind stream structure up to a latitude of S65 degrees and shocks to at least a latitude of S71 degrees during the second polar orbit. These SIRs and shocks produced a substantial heliospheric processing of the solar wind. Only a subset of the SIRs recurred on successive solar rotations and only about half of the well-defined SIRs observed poleward of S9.8 degrees were bounded by forward-reverse shock pairs. The majority of the SIRs had local magnetic topologies and azimuthal orientations similar to, but meridional tilts different from, those observed in the first polar orbit when most SIRs corotated with the Sun. The irregular meridional tilts presumably were a consequence of a complex coronal geometry and the temporally evolving nature of the solar wind flow at this time. A lack of reverse shocks poleward of S54 degrees (with one exception) and a lack of well defined SIRs poleward of S65 degrees is evidence that SIRs develop more slowly with distance at high latitudes. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 6 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2001 VL 97 IS 1-4 BP 189 EP 192 DI 10.1023/A:1011871421324 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472DH UT WOS:000170967700030 ER PT J AU Lin, NG Kellogg, PJ MacDowall, RJ Gary, SP AF Lin, NG Kellogg, PJ MacDowall, RJ Gary, SP TI Ion acoustic waves in the heliosphere SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SOLAR-WIND AB Observations of ion acoustic waves in the solar wind during the first and second orbit of the Ulysses spacecraft are presented. The observations show variations of the wave activity with the heliolatitude and with the phase of the solar cycle. The interrelationships between the wave intensity and the electron heat flux and the ratio of electron to proton temperature, T-e/T-p, are examined. C1 Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI MacDowall, Robert/D-2773-2012 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2001 VL 97 IS 1-4 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1023/A:1011823505395 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472DH UT WOS:000170967700031 ER PT J AU Lario, D Roelof, EC Forsyth, RJ Gosling, JT AF Lario, D Roelof, EC Forsyth, RJ Gosling, JT TI 26-day analysis of energetic ion observations at high and low heliolatitudes: Ulysses and ACE SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID SOLAR-WIND AB We present observations of energetic (0.34-8 MeV) ions from the Ulysses spacecraft during its second ascent to southern high latitude regions of the heliosphere. We cover the period from January 1999 until mid-2000 as Ulysses moved from 5.2 AU and 18 degrees S to 3.5 AU and 55 degrees S. In contrast to the long-lived and well-defined similar to 26-day recurrences that were observed throughout Ulysses' first southern pass, energetic ion fluxes during the first portion of the Ulysses' second polar orbit are highly irregular. Although corotating interaction regions (CIRs) are clearly present in solar wind and magnetic field data throughout the first half of 1999, their effects on energetic ion intensities are quite different from what they were in 1992-1993. No dominant strictly recurrent ion flux increases are observed in association with the arrival of these CIRs. Correspondingly, there is no stable structure of large polar coronal holes during the same period. Isolated transient solar energetic particle (SEP) events are observed at low and high latitudes. We compare energetic ion observations from the ACE and Ulysses spacecraft during the first half of 1999 to determine the influence of these SEP events in the observed recurrent CIR structure. Such SEP events occurred only occasionally during 1992-1993, but when they occurred, they obscured the recurrences in a manner similar to that observed in 1999-2000. We therefore conclude that the basic differences in the behavior of energetic ion events between the first and second southern passes are due to the short life of the corotating structure and the higher frequency of SEP events occurring in 1999-2000. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. RI Lario, David/D-9318-2016 OI Lario, David/0000-0002-3176-8704 NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2001 VL 97 IS 1-4 BP 249 EP 252 DI 10.1023/A:1011808513572 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472DH UT WOS:000170967700041 ER PT J AU Lario, D Haggerty, DK Roelof, EC Tappin, SJ Forsyth, RJ Gosling, JT AF Lario, D Haggerty, DK Roelof, EC Tappin, SJ Forsyth, RJ Gosling, JT TI Joint Ulysses and ACE observations of a magnetic cloud and the associated solar energetic particle event SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ADVANCED COMPOSITION EXPLORER; ALPHA MONITOR; ELECTRON; PROTON AB On day 49 of 1999 a strong interplanetary shock was observed by the ACE spacecraft located at 1 AU from the Sun. This shock was followed 10 hours later by a magnetic cloud (MC). A large solar energetic particle (SEP) event was observed in association with the arrival of the shock and the MC at ACE. The Ulysses spacecraft, located at 22 degrees S heliolatitude and nearly the same ecliptic longitude as ACE, observed a large SEP event beginning on day 54 that peaked with the arrival of a solar wind and magnetic field disturbance on day 61. A magnetic cloud was observed by Ulysses on days 63-64. We suggest a scenario in which both spacecraft intercepted the same MC, although sampling different regions of it. We describe the effects that the MC produced on the streaming of energetic particles at both spacecraft. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Space Res, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. RI Lario, David/D-9318-2016 OI Lario, David/0000-0002-3176-8704 NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PY 2001 VL 97 IS 1-4 BP 277 EP 280 DI 10.1023/A:1011829101277 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 472DH UT WOS:000170967700047 ER PT S AU Glorieux, B Saboungi, ML Millot, F Enderby, J Rifflet, JC AF Glorieux, B Saboungi, ML Millot, F Enderby, J Rifflet, JC BE ElGenk, MS TI Aerodynamic levitation: An approach to microgravity SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) on Space Exploration and Transportation - Journey into the Future CY FEB 11-14, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, AIChE, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech, IEEE, Int Astronaut Federat, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program ID SURFACE-TENSION; LIQUID ALUMINA; VISCOSITY; METALS AB Measurements of the thermophysical and structural properties of liquid materials at high temperature have undergone considerable development in the past few years. Following improvements in electromagnetic levitation, aerodynamic levitation associated with laser heating has shown promise for assessing properties of different molten materials (metals, oxides, and semiconductors), preserving sample purity over a wide range of temperatures and under different gas environments. The density, surface tension and viscosity are measured with a high-speed video camera and an image analysis system. Results on nickel and alumina show that small droplets can be considered in the first approximation to be under microgravity conditions. Using a non-invasive contactless technique recently developed to measure electrical conductivity, results have been extended to variety of materials ranging from liquid metals and liquid semiconductors to ionically conducting materials. The advantage of this technique is the feasibility of monitoring changes in transport occuring during phase transitions and in deeply undercooled states. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Glorieux, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-980-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 552 BP 316 EP 324 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BR99Y UT WOS:000168300300046 ER PT S AU Wong, AS AF Wong, AS BE ElGenk, MS TI Chemical analysis of Plutonium-238 for space applications SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) on Space Exploration and Transportation - Journey into the Future CY FEB 11-14, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, AIChE, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech, IEEE, Int Astronaut Federat, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program AB In this paper, an overview of chemical analysis capabilities that support Pu-238 programs for space applications and the progress of establishing these capabilities at the Los Alamos Plutonium Facility will be discussed. These chemical and in-line analysis capabilities include (1) UV-visible spectrometry for Pu Assay, (2) nuclear detection systems (integrated gamma-ray and alpha spectrometry, and gas proportional counter) for radiochemical analysis, (3) direct-current are (DC Are) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for trace analysis, (4) plutonium process monitoring (PPM) system for ion-exchange operations, and (5) solution in-line alpha counter (SILAC) for gross alpha determination of aqueous solutions. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wong, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, MS E502, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-980-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 552 BP 753 EP 757 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BR99Y UT WOS:000168300300108 ER PT S AU Pansoy-Hjelvik, ME Reimus, M Silver, G Remerowski, ML Jarvinen, G Ecclesine, A Alletzhauser, G Brock, J Nixon, JZ Moniz, P Purdy, G Ramsey, KB Foltyn, L AF Pansoy-Hjelvik, ME Reimus, M Silver, G Remerowski, ML Jarvinen, G Ecclesine, A Alletzhauser, G Brock, J Nixon, JZ Moniz, P Purdy, G Ramsey, KB Foltyn, L BE ElGenk, MS TI Development program for Pu-238 aqueous recovery process SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) on Space Exploration and Transportation - Journey into the Future CY FEB 11-14, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, AIChE, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech, IEEE, Int Astronaut Federat, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program AB Aqueous processing is necessary for the removal of impurities from Pu-238 dioxide ((PuO2)-Pu-238) scrap due to unacceptable levels of U-234 and other non-actinide impurities. (PuO2)-Pu-238 is used to supply the thermal energy in General Purpose Heat Sources (GPHS). Impurities at levels above GPHS fuel specifications may impair the performance of the heat source. Efforts at Los Alamos have focused on developing the bench scale methodology for the aqueous process steps which include comminution, dissolution, ion exchange, precipitation, and calcination. Recently, work has been performed to qualify the bench scale methodology, to show that the developed process produces (PuO2)-Pu-238 that meets GPHS fuel specifications. This work has also enabled us to determine how liquid waste may be minimized during full-scale processing. Results of process qualification for the bench scale aqueous recovery operation and waste minimization efforts will be presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Power Source Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pansoy-Hjelvik, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Power Source Technol Grp, POB 1662,MS E502, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-980-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 552 BP 758 EP 763 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BR99Y UT WOS:000168300300109 ER PT S AU Jarvinen, GD Purdy, GM Rau, KC Remeroski, ML Reimus, MAH Ramsey, KB Foltyn, EM Smith, BF Robison, TW AF Jarvinen, GD Purdy, GM Rau, KC Remeroski, ML Reimus, MAH Ramsey, KB Foltyn, EM Smith, BF Robison, TW BE ElGenk, MS TI Removal of Pu-238 from aqueous process streams using a polymer filtration process SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) on Space Exploration and Transportation - Journey into the Future CY FEB 11-14, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, AIChE, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech, IEEE, Int Astronaut Federat, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program ID ULTRAFILTRATION AB A glovebox facility is under construction at Los Alamos that will recover a significant quantity of the impure Pu-238 that exists in scrap and residues from past production operations. The general flowsheet consists of milling, acid dissolution, ion exchange, precipitation, calcination, oxygen isotope exchange, and waste treatment operations. As part of the waste treatment operations we are using polymer filtration to remove Pu-238 to meet facility discharge limits. Polymer filtration (PF) technology uses water-soluble polymers prepared with selective receptor sites to sequester metal ions. organic molecules, and other species from dilute aqueous solutions. The water-soluble polymers have a sufficiently large molecular size that they can be separated and concentrated using ultrafiltration (UF) methods. Water and small, unbound components of the solution pass freely through the UF membrane while the polymer concentrates in the retentate. The permeate stream is "cleaned" of the components bound to the polymer and can be used in further processing steps or discharged. The concentrated retentate solution can be treated to give a final waste form or to release the sequestered species from the receptor sites by adjusting the conditions in the retentate solution. The PF technology is part of our work to develop a safe, reliable and cost-effective scrap recovery operation with high process efficiencies, minimal waste generation, and high product purity. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jarvinen, GD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, MS E505, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-980-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 552 BP 764 EP 769 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BR99Y UT WOS:000168300300110 ER PT S AU Pansoy-Hjelvik, ME Brock, J Nixon, JZ Moniz, P Silver, G Ramsey, KB AF Pansoy-Hjelvik, ME Brock, J Nixon, JZ Moniz, P Silver, G Ramsey, KB BE ElGenk, MS TI Purification and neutron emission reduction of (238)plutonium oxide by nitrate anion exchange processing SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) on Space Exploration and Transportation - Journey into the Future CY FEB 11-14, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, AIChE, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech, IEEE, Int Astronaut Federat, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program AB The use of ion exchange during the aqueous purification of Pu-238 oxide results in low levels of uranium, thorium, and americium in the product oxide. Neutron emission rates are also reduced in the product oxide. Fluorine introduced during the dissolution of impure fuel increases the neutron emission rate of the product oxide due to the Pu-238-F-19 alpha/n reaction. Treating the Pu-238 solution with aluminum nitrate prior to ion exchange reduces the neutron emission rate in the product oxide. Data are presented to show that neutron emission rates and concentrations of uranium, thorium, and americium are reduced by ion exchange processing. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Power Source Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pansoy-Hjelvik, ME (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Power Source Technol Grp, POB 1662,MS E502, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-980-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 552 BP 770 EP 773 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BR99Y UT WOS:000168300300111 ER PT S AU Poston, DI AF Poston, DI BE ElGenk, MS TI The Heatpipe-Operated Mars Exploration Reactor (HOMER) SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) on Space Exploration and Transportation - Journey into the Future CY FEB 11-14, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, AIChE, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech, IEEE, Int Astronaut Federat, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program ID POWER-SYSTEM; SURFACE AB The Heatpipe Power System (HPS) is a near-term, low-cost, space fission power system that has been under development at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) for 5 years. The goal of the HPS project is to devise an attractive space fission system that can be developed quickly and affordably. The primary ways of doing this are by using existing technology and by designing the system for inexpensive testing. If the system can be designed to allow highly prototypic testing with electrical heating, then an exhaustive test program can be carried out inexpensively and quickly and thorough testing of the actual flight unit can be performed - which is a major benefit to reliability. Over the past 4 years, LANL has conducted three HPS proof-of-concept technology demonstrations - each has been highly successful. The Heatpipe-Operated Mars Exploration Reactor (HOMER) is a derivative of the HPS designed especially for producing electricity on the surface of Mars. The key attributes of the HOMER are described in this paper, as well as a 20-kWe point design, system scalability, and the current technology status. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Poston, DI (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-980-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 552 BP 797 EP 804 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BR99Y UT WOS:000168300300115 ER PT S AU Wright, SA Houts, M AF Wright, SA Houts, M BE ElGenk, MS TI Coupled reactor kinetics and heat transfer model for heat pipe cooled reactors SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) on Space Exploration and Transportation - Journey into the Future CY FEB 11-14, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, AIChE, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech, IEEE, Int Astronaut Federat, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program AB Heat pipes are often proposed as cooling system components for small fission reactors. SAFE-300 and STAR-C are two reactor concepts that use heat pipes as an integral part of the cooling system. Heat pipes have been used in reactors to cool components within radiation tests (Deverall, 1973); however, no reactor has been built or tested that uses heat pipes solely as the primary cooling system. Heat pipe cooled reactors will likely require the development of a test reactor to determine the main differences in operational behavior from forced cooled reactors. The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of a systems code capable of modeling the coupling between the reactor kinetics and heat pipe controlled heat transport. Heat transport in heat pipe reactors is complex and highly system dependent. Nevertheless, in general terms it relies on heat flowing from the fuel pins through the heat pipe, to the heat exchanger, and then ultimately into the power conversion system and heat sink. A system model is described that is capable of modeling coupled reactor kinetics phenomena, heat transfer dynamics within the fuel pins, and the transient behavior of heat pipes (including the melting of the working fluid). This paper focuses primarily on the coupling effects caused by reactor feedback and compares the observations with forced cooled reactors. A number of reactor startup transients have been modeled, and issues such as power peaking, and power-to-flow mismatches, and loading transients were examined, including the possibility of heat flow from the heat exchanger back into the reactor. This system model is envisioned as a tool to be used for screening various heat pipe cooled reactor concepts, for designing and developing test facility requirements, for use in safety evaluations, and for developing test criteria for in-pile and out-of-pile test facilities. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wright, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1146, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-980-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 552 BP 815 EP 821 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BR99Y UT WOS:000168300300117 ER PT S AU Reid, RS Sena, JT Martinet, AL AF Reid, RS Sena, JT Martinet, AL BE ElGenk, MS TI Sodium heat pipe module test for the SAFE-30 reactor prototype SO SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL FORUM-2001 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) on Space Exploration and Transportation - Journey into the Future CY FEB 11-14, 2001 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP US DOE, NASA, Amer Astronaut Soc, AIAA, AIChE, Amer Nucl Soc, Amer Soc Mech, IEEE, Int Astronaut Federat, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, NASA Natl Space Grant Coll & Fellowship Program AB Reliable, long-life, low-cost heat pipes can enable safe, affordable space fission power and propulsion systems. Advanced versions of these systems can in turn allow rapid access to any point in the solar system. Twelve stainless steel-sodium heat pipe modules were built and tested at Los Alamos for use in a non-nuclear thermohydraulic simulation of the SAFE-30 reactor (Poston et al., 2000). SAFE-30 is a near-term, low-cost space fission system demonstration. The heat pipes were designed to remove thermal power from the SAFE-30 core, and transfer this power to an electrical power conversion system. These heat pipe modules were delivered to NASA Marshall Space Flight Center in August 2000 and were assembled and tested in a prototypical configuration during September and October 2000. The construction and test of one of the SAFE-30 modules is described. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reid, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-980-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2001 VL 552 BP 869 EP 874 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Thermodynamics; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BR99Y UT WOS:000168300300126 ER EF