FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Kalb, PD Milian, LW Yim, SP Dyer, RS Michaud, WR AF Kalb, PD Milian, LW Yim, SP Dyer, RS Michaud, WR BE Tedder, DW Pohland, FG TI Treatability study on the use of by-product sulfur in Kazakhstan for the stabilization of hazardous and radioactive wastes SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management Symposium CY AUG, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, ACS Corp Associates, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Environm Sci Div, Amer Inst Chem Engineers Wate Reduct Technologies, Amer Acad Environm Engineers AB The Republic of Kazakhstan generates significant quantities of excess elemental sulfur from the production and refining of petroleum reserves. In addition, the country also produces hazardous and radioactive wastes which require treatment/stabilization. In an effort to find secondary uses for the elemental sulfur, simultaneously produce a material which could be used to encapsulate, and reduce the dispersion of harmful contaminants into the environment, BNL evaluated the use of the sulfur polymer cement (SPC) produced from by-product sulfur in Kazakhstan. This thermoplastic binder material forms a durable waste form with low leaching properties and is compatible with a wide range of waste types. Several hundred kilograms of Kazakhstan sulfur were shipped to the U.S. and converted to SPC (by reaction with 5 weight percent (wt%) organic modifiers for use in this study. A phosphogypsum sand waste generated in Kazakhstan during the purification of phosphate fertilizer was selected for treatment. Waste loadings of 40wt% were easily achieved. Waste form performance testing included compressive strength, water immersion, and Accelerated Leach Testing. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Environm & Waste Managment Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kalb, PD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Environm & Waste Managment Grp, Bldg 830,POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46362-8 PY 2000 BP 187 EP 198 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BS08P UT WOS:000168586300016 ER PT B AU Worl, LA Devlin, D Hill, D Padilla, D Prenger, FC AF Worl, LA Devlin, D Hill, D Padilla, D Prenger, FC BE Tedder, DW Pohland, FG TI Magnetic separation for nuclear material surveillance SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management Symposium CY AUG, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, ACS Corp Associates, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Environm Sci Div, Amer Inst Chem Engineers Wate Reduct Technologies, Amer Acad Environm Engineers ID FEASIBILITY; EXTRACTION; FILTRATION; PARTICLES; FLOW AB A high performance superconducting magnet is being developed for particle retrieval from field collected samples. Results show that the ratio of matrix fiber diameter to the diameter of the captured particles is an important parameter. The development of new matrix materials is being pursued through the controlled corrosion of stainless steel wool, or the deposition of nickel dendrites on the existing stainless steel matrix material. We have also derived a model from a continuity equation that uses empirically determined capture cross section values. This enables the prediction of high gradient magnetic separator performance for a variety of materials and applications. The model can be used to optimize the capture cross section and thus increase the capture efficiency. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NMT11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Worl, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NMT11, POB 1663,MS-E505, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46362-8 PY 2000 BP 217 EP 228 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BS08P UT WOS:000168586300019 ER PT B AU Balazs, GB Cooper, JF Lewis, PR Adamson, MG AF Balazs, GB Cooper, JF Lewis, PR Adamson, MG BE Tedder, DW Pohland, FG TI Transition metal catalysts for the ambient temperature destruction of organic wastes using peroxydisulfate SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT 8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Emerging Technologies in Hazardous Waste Management Symposium CY AUG, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Amer Chem Soc, Ind & Engn Chem Div, ACS Corp Associates, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Environm Sci Div, Amer Inst Chem Engineers Wate Reduct Technologies, Amer Acad Environm Engineers ID RATE CONSTANTS; OXIDATION; PERSULFATE; CHEMISTRY; KINETICS AB Destruction of the organic components of hazardous or mixed waste has been demonstrated in a process known as Direct Chemical Oxidation (DCO). This technology, developed over the last six years at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), is an aqueous-based process which mineralizes almost all organics through oxidative destruction by peroxydisulfate. The process typically operates at 80-100 degreesC but there are obvious advantages to lowering this operating temperature to near ambient for the treatment of volatile materials, or for situations where heating the waste is impractical (e.g., large area decontamination of soil). For the purposes of quantifying transition metal catalytic activity in a prototype DCO system, the Destruction and Removal Efficiencies (DRE's) for the oxidation of several model organic substrates in acid peroxydisulfate solutions have been measured. Results are presented for the enhancement of destruction rates of ethylene glycol, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, tributyl phosphate, and a "real world" waste surrogate using catalysts such as ionic Ag, Cu, Co, and Fe. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Balazs, GB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46362-8 PY 2000 BP 229 EP 239 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BS08P UT WOS:000168586300020 ER PT B AU Johnson, PA Sutin, A Van den Abeele, KEA AF Johnson, PA Sutin, A Van den Abeele, KEA BE VanHemelrijck, D Anastassopoulos, A Philippidis, T TI Application of nonlinear wave modulation spectroscopy to discern material damage SO EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN NDT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Emerging Technologies in NDT CY MAY 24-26, 1999 CL ATHENS, GREECE SP Free Univ Brussels, Dept Mech Struct & Mat, Univ Patras, Dept Mech Engn & Aeornaut AB Materials containing structural damage have a far greater nonlinear elastic response than materials with no structural damage, This is the basis for nonlinear wave diagnostics of damage, methods which are remarkably sensitive to the detection and progression of damage in materials. Here we describe one nonlinear method, the application of harmonics and sum and difference frequency to discern damage in materials. The method is termed Nonlinear Wave Modulation Spectroscopy (NWMS). It consists of exciting a sample with continuous waves of two separate frequencies simultaneously, and inspecting the harmonics of the two waves, and their sum and difference frequencies (sidebands). Undamaged materials are essentially linear in their response to the two waves, while the same material, when damaged, becomes highly nonlinear, manifested by harmonics and sideband generation. We illustrate the method by experiments on uncracked and cracked plexiglass and sandstone samples, and by applying it to intact and damaged engine components. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Johnson, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-127-9 PY 2000 BP 159 EP 166 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BP80X UT WOS:000086268700023 ER PT B AU Myers, DR McWhorter, PJ Converse, C Makal, L AF Myers, DR McWhorter, PJ Converse, C Makal, L GP IEEE IEEE TI Implications of intelligent, integrated microsystems for product design and development SO EMS - 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 IEEE ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Leading Technology Change - Management Issues and Challenges CY AUG 13-15, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Engn Management Soc AB Intelligent, integrated microsystems combine some or all of the functions of sensing, processing information, actuation, and communication within a single integrated package, and preferably upon a single silicon chip. As the elements of these highly integrated solutions interact strongly with each other, the microsystem can be; neither designed nor fabricated piecemeal, in contrast to the more familiar assembled products. Driven by technological imperatives, microsystems will best be developed by multi-disciplinary teams, most likely within flatter, less hierarchical organizations. Standardization of design and process tools around a single, dominant technology will expedite economically viable operation under a common production infrastructure. The production base for intelligent, integrated microsystems has elements in common with the mathematical theory of chaos. Similar to chaos theory, the development of microsystems technology will be strongly dependent on, and optimized to, the initial product requirements that will drive standardization - thereby further rewarding early entrants to integrated microsystem technology. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Myers, DR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6442-2; 0-7803-6443-0 PY 2000 BP 325 EP 330 DI 10.1109/EMS.2000.872524 PG 6 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BR44Z UT WOS:000166443900058 ER PT B AU McBrayer, JD AF McBrayer, JD GP IEEE IEEE TI The transfer of disruptive technologies: Lessons learned from Sandia National Laboratories SO EMS - 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 IEEE ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Leading Technology Change - Management Issues and Challenges CY AUG 13-15, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Engn Management Soc AB Sandia National Laboratories has learned through our process of technology transfer that not all high tech transfers are dike. They are not alike by the nature of the customers involved, the process of becoming involved with these customers and finally and most importantly the very nature of the technology itself Here we focus on technology transfer in the microsystems arena and specifically the sacrificial surface version of microsystems. We have learned and helped others learn that many MEMS applications are best realized through the use of surface micromachining (SMM). This is because SMM builds on the substantial integrated circuit industry. In this paper we review Sandia's process for transferring a disruptive MEMS technology in numerous cases. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McBrayer, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6443-0 PY 2000 BP 331 EP 334 DI 10.1109/EMS.2000.872525 PG 4 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BR44Z UT WOS:000166443900059 ER PT B AU Hruby, J Kassicieh, SK Walsh, ST AF Hruby, J Kassicieh, SK Walsh, ST GP IEEE IEEE TI Commercialization of distruptive technologies: The process of discontinuous innovations SO EMS - 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 IEEE ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Leading Technology Change - Management Issues and Challenges CY AUG 13-15, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Engn Management Soc AB To commercialize disruptive technologies, new technology commercialization models need to be used. These models include expeditionary marketing but also should focus on the type of competencies that the R&D organizations possesses to be able to attract new partners in the process. This paper looks at these models and applies them to the LIGA processes at Sandia National Laboratories/California. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hruby, J (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6443-0 PY 2000 BP 335 EP 339 DI 10.1109/EMS.2000.872526 PG 5 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BR44Z UT WOS:000166443900060 ER PT B AU Lombana, CA Romig, AD Linton, JD AF Lombana, CA Romig, AD Linton, JD GP IEEE IEEE TI Accelerating technology transfer from federal laboratories to the private sector by increasing industrial R&D collaborations - A new business model SO EMS - 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2000 IEEE ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT SOCIETY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Leading Technology Change - Management Issues and Challenges CY AUG 13-15, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Engn Management Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lombana, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Linton, Jonathan/0000-0001-9797-1687 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6443-0 PY 2000 BP 380 EP 385 DI 10.1109/EMS.2000.872533 PG 6 WC Operations Research & Management Science SC Operations Research & Management Science GA BR44Z UT WOS:000166443900067 ER PT S AU Tarman, TD Witzke, EL AF Tarman, TD Witzke, EL BE Bramble, SK Carapezza, EM Rudin, LI TI Intrusion detection considerations for switched networks SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE asynchronous transfer mode; ATM intrusion detection; packet filtering; assessment; switched networks AB Many private and public networks are based on network switching technologies. However, switched networks present a number of challenges to intrusion detection equipment. These challenges include limited visibility of network flows at the edges of the network, high-speed packet processing, and highly-aggregated flows in the core. In addition, switched networks typically implement protocols specific for Layer 2 functions, such as connection establishment and connection routing, which can be attacked to deny service to higher layer protocols and applications. Since these attacks cannot be detected by Internet Protocol (IP) intrusion detection equipment, Layer 2 intrusion detection is required. This paper describes an approach for performing intrusion monitoring in switched, Layer 2 networks, specifically, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks. Intrusion detection sensors for high-speed, Layer 2 networks face many of the same issues associated with high-speed IP packet filtering for law enforcement purposes. These issues include high-speed context lookup, reassembly of ATM Adaptation Layer (AAL) segments or IP fragments, pattern matching, filter specification, scalability to large networks, and preservation of captured data. These technical issues are discussed in this paper, along with policy issues associated with the requisite supporting infrastructure (e.g., key management, filter configuration policies, and preservation of evidence). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Networking Integrat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tarman, TD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Networking Integrat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3906-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4232 BP 85 EP 92 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BS26B UT WOS:000169262500010 ER PT S AU Santini, DJ Patterson, PD Vyas, AD AF Santini, DJ Patterson, PD Vyas, AD GP TRB TRB TRB TRB TRB TI Importance of vehicle costs, fuel prices, and fuel efficiency in hybrid electric vehicle market success SO ENERGY, AIR QUALITY, AND FUELS 2000: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB Toyota's introduction of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) named "Prius" in Japan and Honda's proposed introduction of an HEV in the United States have generated considerable interest in the long-term viability of such fuel-efficient vehicles. A performance and cost projection model developed entirely at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is used to estimate costs. ANL staff developed fuel economy estimates by extending conventional vehicle modeling done primarily under the National Cooperative Highway Research Program. Together, these estimates are employed to analyze dollar costs versus benefits of two of many possible HEV technologies. Incremental costs and fuel savings are projected for a Prius-type low-performance hybrid (14.3-s 0 to 60 mph acceleration, Z60 time) and a higher-performance "mild" hybrid vehicle (11-s Z60 time). Each HEV is compared with a U.S. Toyota Corolla with automatic transmission (11-s Z60 time). The base incremental retail price range, projected a decade hence, is $3,200-$3,750, before considering battery replacement cost. Historical data are analyzed to evaluate the effect of fuel price on consumer preferences for vehicle fuel economy, performance, and size. The relationship among fuel price, the level of change in fuel price, and consumer attitude toward higher fuel efficiency also is evaluated. A recent survey on the value of higher fuel efficiency Is presented and U.S. commercial viability of the hybrids is evaluated using discount rates of 20 percent and 8 percent. The analysis, with its current HEV cost estimates and current fuel savings estimates, implies that the U.S. market for such HEVs would be quite limited. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US DOE, Off Transportat Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Santini, DJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06741-3 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2000 IS 1738 BP 11 EP 19 AR UNSP 00-1138 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Transportation GA BU61P UT WOS:000176512500002 ER PT S AU Saricks, CL Rote, DM Stodolsky, F Eberhardt, JJ AF Saricks, CL Rote, DM Stodolsky, F Eberhardt, JJ GP TRB TRB TRB TRB TRB TI Alternatives to diesel fuel in California - Fuel-cycle energy and emission effects of possible replacements due to the toxic air contaminant diesel particulate decision SO ENERGY, AIR QUALITY, AND FUELS 2000: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB Limitations on the use of petroleum-based diesel fuel in California could occur pursuant to declaration by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) that the particulate matter component of diesel exhaust is a toxic air contaminant subject to the state's Proposition 65. It is the declared intention of CARB not to ban diesel fuel, per se, at this time. Assuming no total ban, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) explored two feasible "midcourse" strategies that result in some degree of (conventional) diesel displacement. In the first case, substantial displacement of compression-ignition (CI) by spark-ignition engines occurs and diesel fuel remains admissible for ignition assistance as a pilot fuel in natural gas-powered heavy-duty vehicles. Daily gasoline demand in California increases by 32.2 million L (8.5 million gal) overall, about 21 percent above the 2010 baseline demand projected by California's energy and environmental agencies. Daily natural gas demand increases by 13.6 million diesel L (3.6 million gal) equivalents, about 7 percent above projected (total) consumption level. In the second case, Cl engines utilize substitutes having similar ignition and performance properties for petroleum-based diesel. For each case, ANL estimated localized air emission plus generalized greenhouse gas and energy changes. Fuel replacement by dimethyl ether yields the greatest overall reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions. All scenarios bring about fine particulate matter (PM10) reductions relative to the 2010 baseline, with greatest reductions from the Cl-displacement case and the least from fuel replacement by Fischer-Tropsch synthetic diesel. Institutional and cost implications of vehicle and engine replacement were not formally evaluated. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. US DOE, OTT Off Heavy Vehicles Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Saricks, CL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, ES-362,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06741-3 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2000 IS 1738 BP 86 EP 93 AR UNSP 00-0513 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Transportation GA BU61P UT WOS:000176512500010 ER PT S AU Birky, AK Maples, JD Moore, JS Patterson, PD AF Birky, AK Maples, JD Moore, JS Patterson, PD GP TRB TRB TRB TRB TRB TI Future world oil prices and the potential for mew transportation fuels SO ENERGY, AIR QUALITY, AND FUELS 2000: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB World petroleum demand is projected to continue increasing after the world enters the 21st century. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) forecasts low world oil prices for the indefinite future despite an expected 54 percent rise in consumption by the year 2020. In its reference case, EIA also assumes an 80 percent increase in Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) oil production over the same time period. In contrast to this, a popular world oil market projection model demonstrates that OPEC could increase its production profitability significantly by substantially slowing the rate of its expanded production. However, OPEC's potential market control also is Influenced by the prospective availability of fuels produced from natural gas, especially remote unconventional natural gas resources. The unconventional natural gas resource is potentially enormous compared with all other fossil fuels combined. Considerations of energy security, greenhouse gas curtailment, emissions control, and cost will act to dictate widespread production and use of these unconventional reserves. Estimates are provided for the amount of alternatives that might be available at various oil prices. Because of cost considerations, much of this added production is likely to occur outside the United States. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. TRANCON Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, TA Engn Inc, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. US DOE, Off Transportat Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Birky, AK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 409 12th St SW,Suite 710, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06741-3 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2000 IS 1738 BP 94 EP 99 AR UNSP 00-1137 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Transportation GA BU61P UT WOS:000176512500011 ER PT S AU Mintz, MM Vyas, ARD Wang, MQ Stodolsky, F Cuenca, RM Gaines, LL AF Mintz, MM Vyas, ARD Wang, MQ Stodolsky, F Cuenca, RM Gaines, LL GP TRB TRB TRB TRB TRB TI From here to efficiency - Time lags between introduction of new technology and achievement of fuel savings SO ENERGY, AIR QUALITY, AND FUELS 2000: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 79th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN 09-13, 2000 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB The energy savings of new technology offering significant improvements in fuel efficiency are tracked for more than 20 years as vehicles incorporating that technology enter the fleet and replace conventional light-duty vehicles. Two separate analyses are discussed: a fife-cycle analysis of aluminum-intensive vehicles and a fuel-cycle analysis of the energy and greenhouse gas emissions of double versus triple fuel-economy vehicles. In both efforts, market-penetration modeling is used to simulate the rate at which new technology enters the new fleet, and stock-adjustment modeling is used to capture the inertia in turnover of new and existing current-technology vehicles. Together, these two effects-slowed market penetration and delayed vehicle replacement-increase the time lag between market introduction and the achievement of substantial energy savings. In both cases, 15 to 20 years elapse before savings approach these levels. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Transportat Technol R&D Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mintz, MM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Transportat Technol R&D Ctr, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06741-3 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 2000 IS 1738 BP 100 EP 105 AR UNSP 00-1259 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Transportation GA BU61P UT WOS:000176512500012 ER PT B AU Mckane, AT AF Mckane, AT BE Bertoldi, P DeAlmeida, AT Falkner, H TI Using collaboration to achieve industrial market change SO ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRONIC MOTORS AND DRIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Motor Driven Systems (EEMODS 99) CY SEP 20-22, 1999 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Specif Act Vigorous Energy Efficiency II Programme, ABB Automat, Alstom, Brook Crompton, Control Techn, Eastern Energy, SIEMENS, US DOE DE market transformation; collaboration with industry AB The greatest energy efficiency opportunities in industrial motors can be found in the systems, yet these opportunities are frequently overlooked because the business interactions between industrial suppliers and the customers that they serve typically focus on components rather than whole systems. Since 1993, the US Department of Energy's Motor Challenge Program has developed an array of program offerings that designed to encourage companies who use motor systems to focus on a systems approach. The collaborative approach applied to the industrial compressed air systems described in this paper, the Compressed Air Challenge,, was an outgrowth of that effort. This approach seeks to effect institutional and behavioral change, rather than technological change. The purpose of the collaboration is to strengthen and promote a "best practices" approach to compressed air systems to achieve greater efficiency. The goal is to replace the existing components focus in the customer/supplier relationship with one that emphasizes a system services perspective. Government and public-interest facilitators have an important role in bringing key market stakeholders together to develop a common vision for change. Project costs an shared among all stakehorders, as are the project benefits. Stakeholders share decision-making control, thus motivating them to participate actively and contribute beyond their financial support. A framework for applying the collaborative approach in other markets will also be discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Mckane, AT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Washington, DC USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-67489-6 PY 2000 BP 252 EP 268 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BQ43N UT WOS:000088358500021 ER PT B AU Scheihing, PE Rosenberg, M Weil, S AF Scheihing, PE Rosenberg, M Weil, S BE Bertoldi, P DeAlmeida, AT Falkner, H TI Evaluating the impact of a government-sponsored motor-driven system efficiency program: The US experience SO ENERGY EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRONIC MOTORS AND DRIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Energy Efficiency in Motor Driven Systems (EEMODS 99) CY SEP 20-22, 1999 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Specif Act Vigorous Energy Efficiency II Programme, ABB Automat, Alstom, Brook Crompton, Control Techn, Eastern Energy, SIEMENS, US DOE AB This paper summarizes an independent evaluation of the impact of the United States Department of Energy's Motor Challenge program. The Motor Challenge was initiated in 1993. The program was developed and is managed by the Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) in partnership with U.S, industry. The primary objective of Motor Challenge is to increase the energy efficiency of motor-driven systems used in the manufacturing sector. Motor Challenge pursues this objective by developing, in cooperation with industry associations and other interested groups, tools and information services that promote best practices in motor system design, purchase, and management. The program distributes these materials, decision tools and training through suppliers and others, to end users of motor systems to promote a systems approach in the way these systems are managed, maintained, upgraded and improved. The paper will present an overview of the Program's objectives and offerings, an analysis of motor system energy use and savings opportunities taken from the recently released U.S. Industrial Electric Motor Systems Marker Opportunities Assessment (Market Assessment), and the objectives, methods, and key results of the evaluation. The program evaluation estimated that, as of September 1999, the Motor Challenge program has motivated industry to make changes in motor system purchase and management practices that result in $24.9 million in energy savings per year. These savings are net of those associated with changes in motor-related practices that customers and vendors would likely have made in the absence of the Program. Also discussed, are plans to integrate the Motor Challenge activities within a broader, plant-wide energy efficiency technology delivery initiative called Industries of the Future BestPractices. The paper concludes with key conclusions and lessons-learned as to how any future motor system efficiency government-sponsored program could be designed to be more effective. C1 US Dept Energy, Off Ind Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Scheihing, PE (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Off Ind Technol, Washington, DC USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-67489-6 PY 2000 BP 395 EP 413 PG 19 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BQ43N UT WOS:000088358500039 ER PT J AU Casada, D AF Casada, D TI Screening pumping systems for energy savings opportunities SO ENERGY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB In most industrial settings, energy consumed by pumping systems is responsible for a major part of the overall electricity bill. In some cases, the energy is used quite efficiently; in others, it is not. Facility operators may be very familiar with pumping system equipment controllability, reliability, and availability, but only marginally aware of system efficiency. But there are some good reasons to increase that awareness: 1) As budgets shrink and the intensity of both domestic and international competition increases, the pressure to find additional of reducing costs will grow. 2) The reliability of pumps correlates with pump efficiency; that pumps operated near the design, or best efficiency point, will to perform more reliably and with greater availability. 3) The questions of whether global warming is truly occurring, and it is, whether humankind's activities play a significant role, both be debatable. But there is no debating the fact that there finite energy resources, particularly of the fossil fuel variety, on earth. If we are to be counted as good stewards, then careful, if frugal, resource use is important. The cost of energy consumed by pumps usually dominates the pump life cycle cost. But many end users, already stretched to support day-to-day facility operations, lack the time and resources to perform a methodical engineering study of, in some cases, hundreds of pumps within their facilities to understand the energy costs and the potential opportunity for reduction. Under the auspices of the Department of Energy's (DOE) Motor Challenge Program, prescreening guidance documents and a computer program called PSAT (pumping system assessment tool) have been developed to help end users, consultants, and equipment distributors recognize, both qualitatively and quantitatively, pumping system efficiency improvement opportunities. This article describes the general methodologies employed and shows case study examples of the prescreening and software application. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Casada, D (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGY ENGINEERING PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA SN 0199-8595 J9 ENERG ENG JI Energy Eng. PY 2000 VL 97 IS 2 BP 43 EP 63 PG 21 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 336WY UT WOS:000088327000004 ER PT J AU Teel, D Wyland, W Fossum, E AF Teel, D Wyland, W Fossum, E TI What are your real electric costs? SO ENERGY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This article identifies significant but often overlooked cost components of electric power that could allow an energy manager to determine a basic energy rate more accurately and beneficially. The cost components of a typical quantity of electric power include demand-, operating-, and maintenance-related costs. Knowing these utility-billed and internally allocated unit cost components can make your energy conservation projects more feasible. We present scenarios that demonstrate how applying these components can increase your calculated unit electric cost from $0.06/kWh to nearly $0.17/kWh. Our analysis technique identifies the real costs of energy consumption, costs that if identified could reduce a typical project payback period by over 60 percent. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Teel, D (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGY ENGINEERING PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA SN 0199-8595 J9 ENERG ENG JI Energy Eng. PY 2000 VL 97 IS 4 BP 61 EP 70 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 334BR UT WOS:000088165700005 ER PT J AU Woodward, J Cordray, KA Edmonston, RJ Blanco-Rivera, M Mattingly, SM Evans, BR AF Woodward, J Cordray, KA Edmonston, RJ Blanco-Rivera, M Mattingly, SM Evans, BR TI Enzymatic hydrogen production: Conversion of renewable resources for energy production SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID GLUCOSE-DEHYDROGENASE; PURIFICATION; ARCHAEON AB Using the enzymes glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and hydrogenase, we have shown that a variety of sugars that are components of renewable resources can be enzymatically converted to molecular hydrogen. The rates at which hydrogen was evolved paralleled the substrate specificity of GDH. The highest rate of hydrogen production measured was 97.8 mu mol/h, and the stoichiometric yield of hydrogen was 98% with 50 mM glucose as the substrate. Lactose, sucrose, cellulose, xylan, steam-exploded aspen wood, and starch also served as substrates for hydrogen production when the corresponding enzymes were included in the reaction mixture to generate the appropriate monosaccharide for which GDH has specificity. The data obtained are discussed in the context of the rate-limiting steps of hydrogen production from renewable sugar and the possible applications of enzymatic hydrogen production. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Woodward, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1 BP 197 EP 201 DI 10.1021/ef990126l PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 277CY UT WOS:000084916200034 ER PT J AU Eto, J Kito, S Shown, L Sonnenblick, R AF Eto, J Kito, S Shown, L Sonnenblick, R TI Where did the money go? The cost and performance of the largest commercial sector DSM programs SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID UTILITY AB Spending on electricity energy-efficiency programs was responsible for most of the growth land decline), and almost all of the energy savings from U.S. utility demand-side management (DSM) programs between 1990 and 1998. As a result of restructuring, utilities may never again assume such an important role in promoting electricity energy efficiency. However, as governments consider future domestic policies to promote energy efficiency in response to global environmental commitments, the potential of large-scale energy efficiency programs will likely be discussed. This article presents new information on a critical issue that will surely arise in these discussions: how much does it cost to save energy through programs that use monetary incentives and targeted information to influence individual customer decisions ? We present findings from a detailed examination of the complete costs and measured energy savings from the largest commercial sector DSM programs operated by U.S. electric utilities in 1992. We extend the methodological considerations first identified by Joskow and Marron (1992) regarding differences among utility cost accounting conventions and savings evaluation methods. We quantify the impact of missing and incomplete data and, to the extent they can be assessed, demonstrate that our assumptions to address them are conservative in that they err on the side of overstating the apparent cost of saved energy. We find that the programs, as a whole, have saved energy at a cost of 3.2 cents/kWh. When compared to the cost of the energy they allowed the sponsoring utilities to avoid generating or purchasing (in the absence of these programs), we find that the programs, as a,whole, are cost effective. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Eto, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 90-4000,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERGY J JI Energy J. PY 2000 VL 21 IS 2 BP 23 EP 49 PG 27 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 302DT UT WOS:000086350700003 ER PT S AU Becher, PF Sun, EY Hsueh, CH Painter, GS More, KL AF Becher, PF Sun, EY Hsueh, CH Painter, GS More, KL BE Sajgalik, P Lences, Z TI Role of intergranular films in toughened ceramics SO ENGINEERING CERAMICS: MULTIFUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES - NEW PERSPECTIVES SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advanced Research Workshop on Engineering Ceramics 99: Multifunctional Properties - New Perspectives CY MAY 11-15, 1999 CL SMOLENICE CASTLE, SMOLENICE, SLOVAKIA HO SMOLENICE CASTLE DE self-reinforcement; toughness; silicon nitride; interface debonding; intergranular films; cluster calculations; microstructure ID BETA-SILICON NITRIDE; IMPROVED FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; MICROSTRUCTURAL DESIGN; ALUMINA AB Self-reinforced silicon nitride ceramics rely upon the generation of elongated grains that act as reinforcing elements to gain increases in fracture toughness. However, the size and number of the reinforcing grains must be controlled, along with the matrix grain size, to optimize the fracture toughness and strength, Furthermore, the toughening processes of crack bridging are dependent upon retention of these reinforcing grains during crack extension by an interfacial debonding process. Both the debonding process and the resultant toughening effects are found to be influenced by the composition of the sintering aids which typical are incorporated into the amorphous intergranular films found in these ceramics. Specifically, it is shown that the interface between the intergranular glass and the reinforcing grains is strengthened in the presence of an epitaxial SiAlON layer. In addition, the interface strength increases with the Al and O content of the SiAlON layer. Micromechanics modelling indicates that stresses associated with thermal expansion mismatch are a secondary factor in interfacial debonding in these specific systems. On the other hand, first principles atomic cluster calculations reveal that the debonding behaviour is consistent with the formation of strong Si-O and Al-O bonds across the glass-crystalline interface. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Becher, PF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011; More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-846-X J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2000 VL 175-1 BP 97 EP 105 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BQ62W UT WOS:000088999400011 ER PT J AU Macdougall, D Petrinic, N AF Macdougall, D Petrinic, N TI A local optimisation method for obtaining material model parameters SO ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS LA English DT Article DE optimisation; finite element simulation; testing; numerical simulation ID SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION AB A local optimisation method for obtaining material parameters in finite element simulations has been developed The method is based on the minimisation of an error function which reflects the accuracy of a numerical prediction with respect to the results of simple specimen tests. The experimental data were obtained from high strain rate tensile tests on the alloy 40 per cent titanium - 6 per cent aluminium - 4 per cent vanadium (Ti6A14V) using the tensile split-Hopkinson pressure bar The behaviour of the tensile specimen was monitored during the test rising lu;p-h-speed photography and transient recorders Finite element simulations were performed using ABAQUS/Explicit employing the Zerilli-Armstrong material model for bce metals). C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Engn Sci, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England. RP Macdougall, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Petrinic, Nik/B-4051-2013 OI Petrinic, Nik/0000-0002-2569-6337 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCB UNIV PRESS LTD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0264-4401 J9 ENG COMPUTATION JI Eng. Comput. PY 2000 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 175 EP 188 DI 10.1108/02644400010313129 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 318ZM UT WOS:000087314600005 ER PT B AU Carpenter, JA Hamilton, D Shah, R Belanger, M AF Carpenter, JA Hamilton, D Shah, R Belanger, M BE Mostagaci, H TI The future of automotive technology SO ENVIRONMENT CONSCIOUS MATERIALS - ECOMATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ecomaterials held in conjunction with the 39th Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM CY AUG 20-23, 2000 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP Met Soc CIM, Mat Sci & Engn Sect AB Automotive technology is in the beginning of an era of innovation not seen since the early part of the 20(th) century. Hybrid power plants consisting of spark-ignited engines and electric motors are already in production cars sold in Japan, North America and Europe. Cars with virtually all aluminum bodies and chassis are also available. And, there is much more to come. Cars the size of the typical American family sedan getting 33 kilometers per liter (approximately 80 miles per US gallon) of gasoline or better will become common place. Virtually every major world automaker is working on vehicles powered by fuel cells. And, as these advances come to fore, they will undoubtedly challenge old paradigms and open opportunities for new, This paper will present on overview of some of the things happening in automotive technology and attempt to discern what the ramifications may be. C1 US DOE, EE32, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Carpenter, JA (reprint author), US DOE, EE32, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CANADIAN INST MINING, METALLURGY AND PETROLEUM PI MONTREAL PA XEROX TOWER, 1 PLACE ALEXIS NIHON, 1210-3400 DE MAISONNEUVE BLVD, MONTREAL, PQ H3Z 3B8, CANADA BN 1-894475-04-6 PY 2000 BP 349 EP 370 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Materials Science GA BU81N UT WOS:000177116800031 ER PT J AU Sotomayor, RE Sega, GA AF Sotomayor, RE Sega, GA TI Unscheduled DNA synthesis assay in mammalian spermatogenic cells: An update SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE UDS assay; specific-locus mutation assay; germ cells; review ID DOMINANT-LETHAL MUTATIONS; MOUSE GERM-CELLS; INDUCED SPECIFIC-LOCUS; MALE-MICE; METHYL METHANESULFONATE; ETHYL METHANESULFONATE; X-RAYS; ISOPROPYL METHANESULFONATE; TEMPORAL PATTERNS; ADDUCT FORMATION AB The unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) assay measures DNA repair in response to DNA damage. To date, 59 chemicals plus UV and X rays have been tested for UDS in spermatogenic cells of humans, rabbits, rats, and mice. In vivo, in vitro, and combined in vivo/in vitro procedures have been used. UDS has been shown to occur in spermatogonia, meiotic spermatocytes, and early spermatid stages. Fifty-nine percent of the agents tested gave a positive UDS response in one or more germ-cell stages. Results show 95% concordance (positive or negative) between different mammalian species. Some well-known genotoxic chemicals, for example, aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)), benzo[a] pyrene (B[a]P), and N-methyl-N'-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine (MNNG), did not induce significant levels of UDS. Possible explanations are discussed. Results From the UDS assay were compared with those from the mouse specific-locus mutation (SLM) test to determine correlations between the two assays. Only two chemicals, ethyl- and methyl-nitrosourea (ENU and MNU), have been tested for UDS and SLM induction in spermatogonial stages. Results show full concordance between the two assays. In postspermatogonial stages, 25 chemicals and X rays have been tested for UDS and SLM induction. Seventy-seven percent of these agents showed similar results (positive or negative) in these germ-cell stages. Although the UDS assay cannot replace the SLM test, the strong correlations between the two assays suggest the usefulness of the UDS assay as a predictor of germ-cell mutations in mammalian systems. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 36.255-265, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 US FDA, Div Toxicol Res, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sotomayor, RE (reprint author), US FDA, Div Toxicol Res, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, HFS-509,MOD-1,8301 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 95 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2000 VL 36 IS 4 BP 255 EP 265 DI 10.1002/1098-2280(2000)36:4<255::AID-EM1>3.0.CO;2-O PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 383ZD UT WOS:000165913800001 PM 11152558 ER PT J AU Hadi, MZ Wilson, DM AF Hadi, MZ Wilson, DM TI Second human protein with homology to the Escherichia coli abasic endonuclease exonuclease III SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE Ape1; Ape2; Eth1; Apn2; exonuclease III; abasic DNA repair ID HUMAN APURINIC ENDONUCLEASE; BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; DNA-REPAIR; MAJOR HUMAN; APYRIMIDINIC SITES; DAMAGE; GENE; APE; IDENTIFICATION; MUTAGENESIS AB There are two major apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease/3'-diesterase families designated after the Escherichia coli proteins exonuclease III (ExoIII) and endonuclease IV (EndoIV). These repair proteins function to excise mutagenic and cytotoxic AP sites or 3'-phosphate/phosphoglycolate groups from DNA. In mammals, the predominant repair endonuclease is Ape1, a homolog of ExoIII, whereas a mammalian homolog to EndoIV has not been identified to date. We have identified a human protein termed Ape2 that represents a subclass of the ExoIII Family (exhibiting highest similarity to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ETH1/APN2 gene product) and maintains many of the essential functional residues of the ExoIII-like proteins. The human protein is 518 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 57.3 kDa and a pi of 8.65. Unlike Ape1, this protein exhibited only weak ability to complement the repair defects of AP endonuclease/3'-repair-defective bacteria and yeast. Similarly, a weak, but specific, DNA-binding and incision activity for abasic site-containing substrates was observed with partially purified Ape2 protein. APE2 is located on the X chromosome at position p11.21 and consists of six exons. The transcript for APE2 is ubiquitously expressed, suggesting an important function for the encoded protein. An Ape2 green fluorescent fusion protein localized predominantly to the nucleus of Hela cells, indicating a nuclear Function; this localization was dependent on the C-terminal domain. We discuss our results in the context of the evolutionary conservation of the AP endonuclease families and their divergent activities and biological contributions. Environ. Mel. Mutagen. 36:312-324, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley Liss, Inc.dagger C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mol & Struct Biol Div, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wilson, DM (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mol & Struct Biol Div, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-441,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM wilson61@llnl.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA79056] NR 48 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0893-6692 EI 1098-2280 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2000 VL 36 IS 4 BP 312 EP 324 DI 10.1002/1098-2280(2000)36:4<312::AID-EM7>3.0.CO;2-K PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 383ZD UT WOS:000165913800007 PM 11152564 ER PT J AU Wu, RW Panteleakos, FN Kadkhodayan, S Bolton-Grob, R McManus, ME Felton, JS AF Wu, RW Panteleakos, FN Kadkhodayan, S Bolton-Grob, R McManus, ME Felton, JS TI Genetically modified Chinese hamster ovary cells for investigating sulfotransferase-mediated cytotoxicity and mutation by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE CHO; sulfotransferase; PhIP and IQ; cytogenetic testing; mutagenesis ID METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; CHO CELLS; REPAIR-DEFICIENT; HUMAN LIVER; CARCINOGEN 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE; HETEROLOGOUS EXPRESSION; PHENOL SULFOTRANSFERASE; FOOD MUTAGEN; PHIP AB To test the hypothesis that the sulfotransferase gene plays a role in the phase II bioactivation of PhlP, a heterocyclic amine found in cooked meats, we transfected the UV5P3 cell line with cDNA plasmids of human aryl sulfotransferases (HAST1 and MASTS). UV5P3 is a nucleotide excision repair-deficient and P4501A2-expressing CHO cell line that we have previously developed. Functionally transformed clones were identified by the differential cytotoxicity (DC) assay that used PhlP as the cytotoxic agent. Two clones designated 5P3H1 and 5P3H3, expressing HAST1 and HAST3, respectively, were chosen for further characterization. Correct fragment sizes of the sulfotransferase cDNAs were identified in both cell lines by polymerase chain reaction. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the expression of the sulfotransferase proteins. The addition of the sulfotransferase inhibitor DCNP decreased the cytotoxic effects of PhlP in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in cell growth was 6.5-fold for 5P3H1 and 2.4-fold for 5P3H3, relative to values obtained without DCNP. Based on D-50 values, the dose that reduced the survival to 50% relative to untreated controls, the cytotoxic effect of PhlP was increased threefold For 5P3H1 and 1.87-fold for 5P3H3 cell lines over the parental UV5P3 line. There was also a small increase in the mutation response at the aprt locus. These newly established 5P3H1 and 5P3H3 sulfotransferase-expressing cells provide valuable mechanistic information of the bioactivation of PhlP and related compounds. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, BBR Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Wu, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, BBR Program, L452,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861] NR 53 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2000 VL 35 IS 1 BP 57 EP 65 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 288FE UT WOS:000085551000008 PM 10692228 ER PT J AU Phillips, DH Farmer, PB Beland, FA Nath, RG Poirier, MC Reddy, MV Turteltaub, KW AF Phillips, DH Farmer, PB Beland, FA Nath, RG Poirier, MC Reddy, MV Turteltaub, KW TI Methods of DNA adduct determination and their application to testing compounds for genotoxicity SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Genotoxicity Test Procedures CY MAR 25-26, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. DE DNA adducts; genotoxicity; radioactivity; (32)P-postlabeling; immunoassay; mass spectrometry; endogenous DNA damage ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RISK ASSESSMENT; IN-VITRO; 1,N-2-PROPANODEOXYGUANOSINE ADDUCTS; P-32-POSTLABELING ASSAY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; ALKALINE-HYDROLYSIS; CARCINOGEN EXPOSURE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION AB At the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Test Procedures (IWGTP) held in Washington, DC (March 25-26, 1999), a working group considered the uses of DNA adduct determination methods For testing compounds for genotoxicity. When a drug or chemical displays an unusual or inconsistent combination of positive and negative results in in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays and/or in carcinogenicity experiments, investigations into whether or not DNA adducts are formed may be helpful in assessing whether or not the test compound is a genotoxin. DNA adduct determinations can be carried out using radiolabeled compounds and measuring radioactive decay (scintillation counting) or isotope ratios (accelerator mass spectrometry) in the isolated DNA. With unlabeled compounds adducts may be measured by (32)p-post-labeling analysis of the DNA, or by physicochemical methods including moss spectrometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, or electrochemical detection, or by immunochemical methods. Each of these approaches has different strengths and limitations, influenced by sensitivity, cost, time, and interpretation of results. The design of DNA binding studies needs to be on a case-by-case basis, depending on the compound's profile of activity. DNA purity becomes increasingly important the more sensitive, and less chemically specific, the assay. While there may be adduct levels at which there is no observable biological effect, there are at present insufficient data on which to set a threshold level For biological significance. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Inst Canc Res, Haddow Labs, Sutton SM2 5NG, Surrey, England. Univ Leicester, MRC, Toxicol Unit, Leicester, Leics, England. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Biochem Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Covance Labs Inc, Genet & Cellular Toxicol, Vienna, VA USA. Merck Res Labs, West Point, PA USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. RP Phillips, DH (reprint author), Inst Canc Res, Haddow Labs, Cotswold Rd, Sutton SM2 5NG, Surrey, England. EM davidp@icr.ac.uk NR 98 TC 91 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2000 VL 35 IS 3 BP 222 EP 233 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(2000)35:3<222::AID-EM9>3.0.CO;2-E PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 300ZF UT WOS:000086283100009 PM 10737957 ER PT J AU Hatch, FT Lightstone, FC Colvin, ME AF Hatch, FT Lightstone, FC Colvin, ME TI Quantitative structure-activity relationship of flavonoids for inhibition of heterocyclic amine mutagenicity SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE antimutagens; cytochrome P450; Ames/Salmonella assay; inhibitory mechanisms; cooking mutagens; molecular planarity ID CYTOCHROME-P-450 ENZYMES; FOOD MUTAGENS; COOKED-FOOD; CARCINOGENESIS; MECHANISMS; ACTIVATION; XENOBIOTICS; POTENCY; IQ AB The mutagenic/carcinogenic heterocyclic amines formed during the cooking of protein foods have been determined to be a potential risk to human health. Therefore, mitigation measures are beginning to be studied. A recent finding is that the induction of mutation in Salmonella by these amines can be inhibited by the addition of flavonoids to the assay. This study combines data on the inhibitory process with structural, ab initio quantum chemical, hydropathic, and antioxidant factors to develop a quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) database and statistical analysis. For 39 diverse flavonoids the inhibitory potency varied approximately 100-fold. Three predictive variables, in order of decreasing contribution to variance, are: (1) a large dipole moment; (2) after geometric minimization of energy, a small departure from planarity (i.e., small dihedral angle between the benzopyran nucleus and the attached phenyl ring), and a low rotational energy barrier to achieving planarity; and (3) fewer hydroxyl groups on the phenyl ring. However, these variables account for less than half of the variance in inhibitory potency of the flavonoids. Frontier orbital energies and antioxidant or radical scavenging properties showed little or no relationship to potency. We conclude that interference by the flavonoids with cytochrome P450 activation of the promutagens is the probable mechanism for inhibition of mutagenesis, and suggest avenues for further research. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hatch, FT (reprint author), 27 Pease Rd, Meredith, NH 03253 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA55861] NR 44 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 2000 VL 35 IS 4 BP 279 EP 299 DI 10.1002/1098-2280(2000)35:4<279::AID-EM3>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 326PH UT WOS:000087743600003 PM 10861947 ER PT B AU Pillay, G Billingsley, SR Balkey, JJ AF Pillay, G Billingsley, SR Balkey, JJ BE Rudd, EJ Walton, CW TI Electrochemical treatment and minimization of defense-related wastes SO ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Environmental Aspects of Electrochemical Technology held at the Joint Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society/Electrochemical-Society-of-Japan CY OCT, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc, Ind Electrolysis & Electrochem Engn Div ID ALKALINE NUCLEAR WASTE; ION-EXCHANGE; ENVIRONMENT; SEPARATION; FUEL AB The United States Departments of Energy (DOE) and Defense (DoD) generate hazardous wastes as a result of routine operations. Waste types range from solvents, fuels, lubricants, and sludges to streams containing mixtures of these and other inorganic and organic compounds. Radioactive components are often present in waste streams from defense-related nuclear facilities. Significant savings in treatment and/or storage costs would result if these wastes could be reduced to a minimal concentration of hazardous and/or radioactive compounds, Many of these compounds are amenable to treatment by electrochemical processes that destroy hazardous organic contaminants in aqueous streams at ambient temperatures and pressure using electrical power. It is also possible to separate the radioactive components of these wastes from solution using electrochemical processes. This paper will discuss the environmental factors and issues associated with electrochemical waste treatment processes, Federal regulations that compel government agencies to conduct environmental management activities will be discussed. Applications of electrochemical processes to waste treatment and minimization at DOE and DoD sites will be discussed. Issues associated with acceptance of these processes will be addressed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pillay, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, NMT-7,MS E501, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-262-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 39 BP 1 EP 14 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BP98M UT WOS:000086805800001 ER PT B AU Wedman, DE Weisbrod, KR Lugo, JL Rivera, YM Lloyd, JA AF Wedman, DE Weisbrod, KR Lugo, JL Rivera, YM Lloyd, JA BE Rudd, EJ Walton, CW TI Radiological decontamination of ferrous metal items through electrochemistry SO ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Environmental Aspects of Electrochemical Technology held at the Joint Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society/Electrochemical-Society-of-Japan CY OCT, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc, Ind Electrolysis & Electrochem Engn Div AB Discard of transuranic contaminated metallic waste is expensive. Decontamination to meet the Low Level Waste (LLW) criteria can result in an order of magnitude lowering of costs. Decontamination may additionally enable material reuse or recycle. One technology under development for decontamination of surface contaminated metals is an electrolytic method. A uniform electrolytic etch is achieved at low voltages and currents in combination with controlled solution chemistry to rapidly strip a few microns from a metal surface, resulting in the removal of the surface contamination. Utilizing ultrafiltration for in-line separation of the radiological components, solution recycle is enabled, eliminating aqueous process wastes. This technology has been demonstrated on stainless steel gloveboxes, weapon components, stainless steel long-term storage containers, and various other metallic items. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wedman, DE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, POB 1663,MS E510, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-262-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 39 BP 15 EP 23 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BP98M UT WOS:000086805800002 ER PT B AU Cherepy, NJ McNab, WW Wildenschild, D Ruiz, R Elsholz, A AF Cherepy, NJ McNab, WW Wildenschild, D Ruiz, R Elsholz, A BE Rudd, EJ Walton, CW TI Electro-osmotic remediation of fine-grained sediments SO ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Environmental Aspects of Electrochemical Technology held at the Joint Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society/Electrochemical-Society-of-Japan CY OCT, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc, Ind Electrolysis & Electrochem Engn Div ID TECHNOLOGY AB The coupled-flow phenomenon, electro-osmosis, whereby water flow results from an applied electrical potential gradient, is being used at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to induce water flow through deep (25-40 meters below surface) fine-grained sediments. The scoping work described here lays the groundwork for implementation of this technology to remediate solvent-contaminated clayey zones at the LLNL site. The electro-osmotic conductivity (k(e)) measured in-situ between two 37 m deep wells, 3 m apart of 2.3 x 10(-9) m /s-V is in good agreement with the value determined from bench-top studies on the core extracted from one of the wells of 0.94 +/- 0.29 x 10(-9) m(2)/s-V. Hydraulic conductivity (k(h)) of the same core is measured to be 2.03 +/- 0.36 x 10(-10) m/s. Thus, a voltage gradient of 1 V/cm produces an effective hydraulic conductivity of similar to 1 x 10(-7) m/s; an increase in conductivity of nearly three orders of magnitude. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cherepy, NJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-262-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 39 BP 97 EP 109 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BP98M UT WOS:000086805800009 ER PT B AU Cooper, JF Krueger, R Hopper, R Cherepy, N AF Cooper, JF Krueger, R Hopper, R Cherepy, N BE Rudd, EJ Walton, CW TI Applications of electro-osmotic transport in the processing of textiles SO ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Environmental Aspects of Electrochemical Technology held at the Joint Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society/Electrochemical-Society-of-Japan CY OCT, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Electrochem Soc, Ind Electrolysis & Electrochem Engn Div AB We report development of a pilot process for the industrial rinsing of fabrics. This process combines hydraulic (pressure-driven) transport with electro-osmotic transport. It reduces the total amount of water required in certain rinsing operations by a factor of about five. Cotton exhibits an electro-osmotic transport coefficient of about 1x10(-8) m(2)/s-V resulting from a partial ionization of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the cellulose polymer substrate. This process applies a field transverse to the fabric to effect the movement of water in the spaces between the 10 mu m cotton fibers which constitute the yam. The field strength is adjusted so that the induced electro-osmotic flux is comparable to a pressure-driven flux, which moves preferentially in the more open channels between the yams. For a fixed current density, solution conductivity and electro-osmotic transport vary inversely. The process is most practical for removal of liquids of relatively low conductivity (<500 mu S/cm). For removal of solutions of conductivity greater than 1200 mu S/cm, the rate of electroosmotic flow may be too low to benefit the rinsing process if current densities are restricted to practical levels of about 30 mA/cm(2). Electroosmotic transport may have important applications in wet processing of extremely fine textiles, such as micro fiber fabrics. In addition to rinsing, electro-osmotic transport may also be used to speed the penetration of chemicals and dyestuffs that are applied to the surface of wet textiles. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cooper, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-262-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 39 BP 189 EP 200 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BP98M UT WOS:000086805800017 ER PT J AU Chiu, A Chiu, N Beaubier, NT Beaubier, J Nalesnik, R Singh, D Hill, WR Lau, C Riebow, J AF Chiu, A Chiu, N Beaubier, NT Beaubier, J Nalesnik, R Singh, D Hill, WR Lau, C Riebow, J TI Effects and mechanisms of PCB ecotoxicity in food chains: algae double right arrow fish double right arrow seal double right arrow polar bear SO ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS-PART C OF JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH LA English DT Review ID THYROID-HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; MONO-ORTHO; EXPOSURE; RATS; WATERS; CORTICOSTERONE; AROCLOR-1254 AB Wildlife populations are adversely affected in polluted environments. Nevertheless, a cause-and-effect relationship between excessive exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbons and induction of pathologic disorders in animals, is difficult to demonstrate without verification from experiments following the rationale of Koch's postulates. Deleterious effects of chlorinated chemicals such as DDT on songbird reproduction, as demonstrated by the clutch size of eggs in a nest, however, is an example, where exposure and causation are apparent. With amelioration of DDT pollution, clutch size increases, and the cause-and-effect relationship is established. Similar examples of exposure to DDT and PCBs inducing reproductive disorders and endocrine disruption among marine mammals have been documented in industrialized nations of northern Europe and in the upper latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Population declines in ringed, grey and harbor seals are apparently due to a rapid decrease in their rates of reproduction(1). These latter observations are best interpreted in light of experiments conducted by Reijnders(2). Reijnders exposed harbor seals to relatively high dietary levels of PCBs and induced PCB-blood-lipids among seals to an average of 25 mg/kg compared to 10 mg/kg among controls. The treated seals had a significantly reduced reproductive rate. A relationship between increased PCB-blood-levels in vivo and the decrease in reproductive rates in this experiment is highly instructive for interpreting the decline of fertility in seal populations in polluted Baltic Sea waters. These linked observations are dependent upon demonstration of pathologic mechanisms associated with occlusion and stenosis of the uterine lumen among affected females in seal populations. PCB congeners apparently disrupt endocrine-system-functions leading to, or associated with, increases in endometriosis, fetal abortion, glomerulonephropathies and osteoporosis. This observation is further highlighted by Reijnders experiment, which closely replicated the range of PCB concentrations found in seal populations living in a variety of PCB polluted waters. Various PCB congeners differentially accumulate in brain, liver and adipose tissues in young and old seals. Further research of PCB toxic effects on organ systems of these animals and other species is thus indicated. This report, then, examines the process of PCB bioaccumulation within the marine food chain from fish to seals, whales, other marine mammals and to polar bears. Environmental toxic pollutants affect animals within the food chain in different ways but ultimately they affect humans as well. C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Off Sci & Technol, Off Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. US EPA, Off Pollut Prevent & Tox, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Res, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. US EPA, Reprod Toxicol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Bur Labs, Div Chem & Toxicol, Lansing, MI USA. RP Chiu, A (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 27 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1059-0501 J9 ENVIRON CARCIN ECO R JI Environ. Carcinog. Ecotoxical. Rev.-Pt. C J. Env. Sci. Health PY 2000 VL 18 IS 2 BP 127 EP 152 PG 26 WC Oncology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Oncology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 373EC UT WOS:000165274600002 ER PT B AU Baca, TE Triay, IR Mason, CFV AF Baca, TE Triay, IR Mason, CFV BE Baca, TE Florkowski, T TI Post-arms race clean-up effort in the United States of America SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES OF NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Environmental Challenges of Nuclear Disarmament CY NOV 09-13, 1998 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP US DOE AB During the 20(th) Century, the discovery of nuclear energy changed world history irrevocably. The legacy of atomic energy's development, both for nuclear power and nuclear weapons, includes unique radiation hazards, unprecedented volumes of contaminated water and soil, and a vast number of contaminated structures ranging from reactors to chemical plants for the extraction of nuclear material to evaporation ponds. This widespread contamination has given rise to the United States Department of Energy's (DOE's) Environmental Management (EM) programme. The United States is now engaged in refocusing the commitment, which built the most powerful weapons ever conceived, to an environmental stewardship ethic that will focus the world's talents on framing the future. This paper describes the present state of DOE's EM programme. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Management Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Baca, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Management Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6202-0 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 2000 VL 29 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR41G UT WOS:000166322400001 ER PT B AU Marczak, S Anderson, J Dziewinski, J AF Marczak, S Anderson, J Dziewinski, J BE Baca, TE Florkowski, T TI Electro-chemical methods for decontaminating and treating radioactive waste resulting from weapons-facilities clean-up SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES OF NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Environmental Challenges of Nuclear Disarmament CY NOV 09-13, 1998 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP US DOE AB Production and dismantling of nuclear weapons inevitably generate radioactive waste that can be divided into two groups: bulk contaminated and surface contaminated. Electro-chemical treatment offers convenient and economical ways to separate radioactive and non-radioactive components of waste. This paper discusses applications of electro-chemical treatment methods for destruction of hazardous components and metal decontamination. In numerous cases these methods allow for recovery and re-use of non-radioactive components. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Marczak, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6202-0 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 2000 VL 29 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR41G UT WOS:000166322400013 ER PT B AU Rofer, CK Martinez, DA Trujillo, VL AF Rofer, CK Martinez, DA Trujillo, VL BE Baca, TE Florkowski, T TI Packaging of plutonium metal and oxide in the ARIES project SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES OF NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Environmental Challenges of Nuclear Disarmament CY NOV 09-13, 1998 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP US DOE AB The objective of the Advanced Recovery and Integrated Extraction System (ARIES) project is to demonstrate technology to dismantle plutonium pits from excess nuclear weapons, convert the plutonium to a metal ingot or an oxide powder, package the metal or oxide, and verify the contents of the package by non-destructive assay. The packaged weapons plutonium will be converted to mixed-oxide reactor fuel or immobilised in ceramic forms suitable for geologic storage. The packaging of the material must therefore be suitable for storage until the material is further processed. A set of containers for plutonium metal and oxide has been developed to meet the needs of the ARIES process and the United States Department of Energy requirements for long-term storage. This package has been developed and qualified with the participation of private companies. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rofer, CK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6202-0 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 2000 VL 29 BP 131 EP 136 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR41G UT WOS:000166322400015 ER PT B AU Mason, CFV AF Mason, CFV BE Baca, TE Florkowski, T TI US-Russian weapons sites collaborations on environmental problems SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES OF NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Environmental Challenges of Nuclear Disarmament CY NOV 09-13, 1998 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP US DOE AB Since the end of the Cold War in 1989, U.S. nuclear scientists have focused on establishing trust with their Russian colleagues through joins research projects designed to protect nuclear weapons materials and provide employment for former Russian nuclear-weapons specialists. As a result, the spread of nuclear knowledge has been inhibited and proliferation concerns lessened. Two major programmes were initiated at the end of the Cold War: the Material Protection, Control, and Accountability (MPC&A) Programme and collaborations through the International Science and Technology Centre (ISTC) in Moscow. Now many joint projects are in effect with environmental problems receiving growing attention. This paper discusses the growth of environmental collaborations, gives examples of successful teaming, and suggests directions for future programme growth. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mason, CFV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6202-0 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 2000 VL 29 BP 153 EP 163 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR41G UT WOS:000166322400019 ER PT B AU Mason, CFV AF Mason, CFV BE Baca, TE Florkowski, T TI Clean-up of nuclear weapons facilities SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES OF NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Environmental Challenges of Nuclear Disarmament CY NOV 09-13, 1998 CL KRAKOW, POLAND SP US DOE AB The aftermath of the nuclear weapons programme is considerable environmental damage caused by 50 years of nuclear experimentation and production that took place under conditions unacceptable according to modem environmental standards. Since the end of the Cold War in 1989, considerable resources have been expended in evaluating and prioritising this damage. This paper examines the tools available for meeting modern environmental clean-up criteria and presents examples of successful remedial actions. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mason, CFV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, MS J534, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6202-0 J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 2000 VL 29 BP 183 EP 190 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BR41G UT WOS:000166322400022 ER PT J AU Liszewski, MJ Rosentreter, JJ Miller, KE Bartholomay, RC AF Liszewski, MJ Rosentreter, JJ Miller, KE Bartholomay, RC TI Chemical and physical properties affecting strontium distribution coefficients of surficial-sediment samples at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho SO ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE strontium-90; distribution coefficients; sediment; Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory ID SR-90 AB The U.S. Geological Survey and Idaho University, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, conducted a study to determine strontium distribution coefficients (K(d)s) Of surficial sediments at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Batch experiments using synthesized aqueous solutions used to determine K(d)s, which describe the distribution of a solute between the solution and phase, of 20 surficial-sediment samples from NEEL. The KdS for the 20 surficial-sediment les ranged from 36 to 275 ml/g. Many properties of both the synthesized aqueous solutions and tents used in the experiments also were determined. Solution properties determined were initial equilibrium concentrations of calcium, magnesium and strontium, pH and specific conductance, and initial concentrations of potassium and sodium. Sediment properties determined were grain-size distribution, bulk mineralogy, whole-rock major-oxide and strontium and barium concentrations, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface Solution and sediment properties were correlated with strontium K(d)s of the 20 surficial sedis using Pearson correlation coefficients, Solutions properties with the strongest correlations with strontium KdS were equilibrium pH and equilin calcium concentration correlation coefficients, 0.6598 and -0.6518, respectively. Sediment properties with the strongest correlations with strontium K(d)s were manganese oxide (MnO), BET area, and the >4.75-mm-grain-size fraction correlation coefficients, 0.7054, 0.7022, and -0.6660, respectively. Effects of solution properties on strontium KdS were interpreted as being due to competition among similarly charged and sized cations in solution for strontium-sorption sites; effects of sediment properties on strontium KdS were interpreted as being surface-area related. Multivariate analyses of these solution and sediment properties resulted in r(2) values of 0.8071 when all five properties were used and 0.8043 when three properties, equilibrium pH, MnO, and BET surface area, were used. C1 US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Chem, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RP Bartholomay, RC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, INEEL, MS 1160,POB 2230, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0943-0105 J9 ENVIRON GEOL JI Environ. Geol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 411 EP 426 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Water Resources GA 282ER UT WOS:000085204300022 ER PT B AU Kim, AG AF Kim, AG BE Singhal, RK Mehrotra, AK TI Use of electric utility wastes for control of acid mine drainage SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND MANAGEMENT OF WASTE IN ENERGY AND MINERAL PRODUCTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Environmental Issues and Management of Waste in Energy and Mineral Production (SWEMP 2000) CY MAY 30-JUN 02, 2000 CL CALGARY, CANADA AB Placement of fly ash in abandoned, reclaimed or active surface coal mines is intended to reduce the amount of acid mine drainage (AMD) produced. Water quality changes have been monitored at three surface mines where fly ash grout was injected after reclamation. Also, a laboratory column leaching study exposed samples of fly ash to AMD surrogates for 30 to 180 days. Changes in acidity and potential release of heavy metals were primary areas of interest. Both field and laboratory studies indicate that fly ash may be an economical reagent for ameliorating acid mine drainage without adverse environmental effects. C1 US DOE, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Kim, AG (reprint author), US DOE, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-085-X PY 2000 BP 569 EP 576 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BQ43E UT WOS:000088357300087 ER PT J AU Jones, DW Redus, KS Bjornstad, DJ AF Jones, DW Redus, KS Bjornstad, DJ TI The consequences of alternative environmental management goals: A non-linear programming analysis of nuclear weapons legacy clean-up at Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE nuclear waste; prioritization; risk management AB Prioritization of projects within the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Weapons Complex Clean-up Program, exemplified with data from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is quite sensitive to overall goals. Non-linear programming analysis of three alternative goals - mortgage reduction; terminal-period risk minimization, and current-period risk minimization - shows substantial differences in waste treated, risk reduced, and cost over a ten-year period. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. MACTEC Inc, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Jones, DW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PY 2000 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1023/A:1019088906682 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 304CF UT WOS:000086464500002 ER PT J AU Luxmoore, RJ Hargrove, WW Tharp, ML Post, WM Berry, MW Minser, KS Cropper, WP Johnson, DW Zeide, B Amateis, RL Burkhart, HE Baldwin, VC Peterson, KD AF Luxmoore, RJ Hargrove, WW Tharp, ML Post, WM Berry, MW Minser, KS Cropper, WP Johnson, DW Zeide, B Amateis, RL Burkhart, HE Baldwin, VC Peterson, KD TI Signal-transfer modeling for regional assessment of forest responses to environmental changes in the southeastern United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE cluster analysis; eastern deciduous forest; geographic information system; global change; Monte Carlo simulation; nitrogen deposition; ozone; scaling up; site index; southern pine forest ID DECIDUOUS FOREST; LAND-USE; DEPOSITION; CLIMATE; SUCCESSION; DATABASE; DYNAMICS; CARBON AB Stochastic transfer of information in a hierarchy of simulators is offered as a conceptual approach for assessing forest responses to changing climate and air quality across 13 southeastern states of the USA. This assessment approach combines geographic information system and Monte Carlo capabilities with several scales of computer modeling for southern pine species and eastern deciduous forests. Outputs, such as forest production, evapotranspiration and carbon pools, may be compared statistically for alternative equilibrium or transient scenarios providing a statistical basis for decision making in regional assessments. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Miami, Ctr Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Ctr Biol Sci, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Univ Arkansas, Sch Forestry, Monticello, AR 71656 USA. Virginia Tech, Dept Forestry, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, USDA, Pineville, LA 71360 USA. RP Luxmoore, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/E-5952-2010; Post, Wilfred/B-8959-2012; OI Cropper, Jr., Wendell/0000-0001-7851-7382; Berry, Michael/0000-0002-9191-9148 NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PY 2000 VL 5 IS 2 BP 125 EP 137 DI 10.1023/A:1019005510316 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 337LN UT WOS:000088362600005 ER PT J AU Southworth, GR Turner, RR Peterson, MJ Bogle, MA Ryon, MG AF Southworth, GR Turner, RR Peterson, MJ Bogle, MA Ryon, MG TI Response of mercury contamination in fish to decreased aqueous concentrations and loading of inorganic mercury in a small stream SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation; mercury; methylmercury; remediation ID NORTHERN WISCONSIN LAKES; ONONDAGA LAKE; NEW-YORK; RIVER; METHYLMERCURY; SPECIATION; SYSTEM AB Approximately 250 000 kg of mercury was lost to water and soils at the U.S. Dept. of Energy Y-12 Plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee in the 1950s and early 1960s. A creek originating within the plant received continuous inputs of waterborne mercury, predominantly as dissolved inorganic mercury, from groundwater, streambed contamination, and sump and process water discharges to the contaminated storm sewer network. These produce aqueous total mercury concentrations of 1-2 mu g L-1 in the upper reaches of the stream, decreasing to about 0.1-0.2 mu g L-1 in its lower reaches. A program to reduce mercury concentrations in the creek identified specific sources (building sumps, contaminated springwater seeps, foundation drains, and contaminated piping) and rerouted water around contaminated portions of the drain system or collected and treated mercury-contaminated water before discharging it. As a result, waterborne mercury concentrations in the creek and total mercury loading were reduced from 1.8 mu g L-1 to 0.6 mu g L-1 and 100 to 20 g d(-1), respectively, in the last 5 yr. Mean mercury concentrations in fish nearest source areas in the creek headwaters decreased at roughly the same rate as waterborne total mercury concentrations over the past five years, but at the facility boundary downstream the decline in mercury bioaccumulation was much less. At sites 5-15 km farther downstream, no decrease was evident. Dissolved methylmercury tended to increase with distance downstream in a pattern inverse to that noted for its dissolved inorganic mercury precursor. Improvements in water quality and modification of weirs to allow the passage of fish have resulted in the establishment of large populations of fish in mercury-contaminated headwater areas previously devoid of fish. It may be that the accumulation, retention, and eventual downstream transport of this reservoir of biologically incorporated methylmercury has acted to buffer against expected reductions in mercury in fish at downstream sites. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Southworth, GR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PY 2000 VL 63 IS 3 BP 481 EP 494 DI 10.1023/A:1006237610383 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 329LN UT WOS:000087908600006 ER PT J AU Zeller, KF Nikolov, NT AF Zeller, KF Nikolov, NT TI Quantifying simultaneous fluxes of ozone, carbon dioxide and water vapor above a subalpine forest ecosystem SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE ozone deposition; plant ozone uptake; carbon dioxide; flux; eddy covariance; latent heat; sensible heat; ecosystem model; Ameriflux; subalpine ecosystem ID SPATIALLY-VARIABLE FIELDS; CANOPY PHOTOSYNTHESIS; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; UNSATURATED FLOW; DECIDUOUS FOREST; GENERAL-MODEL; OPEN-PATH; EXCHANGE; CO2; NITROGEN AB Assessing the lone-term exchange of trace gases and energy between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere is an important priority of the current climate change research. In this regard, it is particularly significant to provide valid data on simultaneous fluxes of carbon, water vapor and pollutants over representative ecosystems. Eddy covariance measurements and model analyses of such combined fluxes over a subalpine coniferous forest in southern Wyoming (USA) are presented. While the exchange of water vapor and ozone are successfully measured by the eddy covariance system: fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) are uncertain. This is established by comparing measured fluxes with simulations produced by a detailed biophysical model (FORFLUX). The bias in CO2 flux measurements is partially attributed to below-canopy advection caused by a complex terrain. We emphasize the difficulty of obtaining continuous long-term flux data in mountainous areas by direct measurements. Instrumental records are combined with simulation models as a feasible approach to assess seasonal and annual ecosystem exchange of carbon, water and ozone in alpine environments. The viability of this approach is demonstrated by: (1) showing the ability of the FORFLUX model to predict observed fluxes over a 9-day period in the summer of 1996; and (2) applying the model to estimate seasonal dynamics and annual totals of ozone deposition and carbon. and water vapor exchange at our study site. Estimated fluxes above this subalpine ecosystem in 1996 are: 195 g C m(-2) year(-1) net ecosystem production, 277 g C m(-2) year(-1) net primary production, 535 mm year(-1) total evapotranspiration, 174 mm year(-1) canopy transpiration, 2.9 g m(-2) year(-1) total ozone deposition, and 1.72 g O-3 m(-2) year(-1) plant ozone uptake via leaf stomata. Given the large portion of non-stomatal ozone uptake (i.e. 41% of the total annual flux) predicted for this site, we suggest that future research of pollution-vegetation interactions should relate plant response to actively assimilated ozone by foliage rather than to total deposition. In this regard, we propose the Physiological Ozone Uptake Per Unit of Leaf Area (POUPULA) as a practical index for quantifying vegetation vulnerability to ozone damage. We estimate POUPULA to be 0.614 g O-3 m(-2) leaf area year(-1) at our subalpine site in 1996. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zeller, KF (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 240 W Prospect, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 64 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 2000 VL 107 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00156-6 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 268MP UT WOS:000084420400001 PM 15093004 ER PT J AU Young, AL AF Young, AL TI Genetically modified crops: The real issues hindering public acceptance SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Young, AL (reprint author), US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, 9800 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA RUDOLF-DIESEL-STR 3, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2000 VL 7 IS 2 BP 67 EP 70 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 312BY UT WOS:000086924400002 ER PT J AU Young, AL AF Young, AL TI Meeting the environmental risk challenges of the Cold War legacy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, Chicago Operat Off, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Young, AL (reprint author), US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, Chicago Operat Off, 9800 S Cass Ave,Bldg 201, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM alvin.young@ch.doe.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2000 SI 2 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AC UT WOS:000202839400001 ER PT J AU MacDonell, M Young, A AF MacDonell, M Young, A TI Facing the environmental risk issues of the Cold War legacy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP MacDonell, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM macdonell@anl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2000 SI 2 BP 5 EP 6 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AC UT WOS:000202839400002 ER PT J AU Young, AL Andrews, WB AF Young, AL Andrews, WB TI The status and challenges of managing-risks in the United States Department of Energy's Environmental Management Program SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE decision analysis; environmental restoration; risk management; risk; risk-informed decisions; safety AB The United States Department of Energy manages the largest environmental cleanup program in history. About $6 billion is dedicated annually to-restoring contaminated lands and managing waste produced during the Cold War. The legacy of the Cold War presents unique environmental problems in unprecedented volumes of contaminated soil and water, radiological hazards, and a large number of contaminated structures and materials. Risk management is one of the key products of this program. At this point, immediate threats to humans and the environment are being controlled. This accomplishment enables a broader risk management focus on risk reductions as a result of remaining remediation projects and refinements in program planning to improve regulatory compliance, cost-effectiveness and communication. The Center for Risk Excellence is leading projects designed to demonstrate how risk information can be effectively used in decisions for remedial operations, selection of technology, and communication with stakeholders. C1 US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Young, AL (reprint author), US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, 9800 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM alvin.young@ch.doe.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2000 SI 2 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AC UT WOS:000202839400003 ER PT J AU MacDonell, M Habegger, L AF MacDonell, M Habegger, L TI Integrated risk and impact assessments for complex contaminated sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE collective risk; cumulative risk; environmental impact assessment; holistic risk assessment; integrated risk assessment AB Risks and other potential impacts are assessed for contaminated sites in order to determine appropriate actions for cleanup and long-term management. These environmental management decisions have traditionally focused on risks to human and ecological health, without explicit incorporation of sociocultural and economic impacts for local communities. Similarly, current environmental regulations typically define requirements based on individual contaminants in individual media, such as air or water. However, the interrelationships among different resources and potential effects of environmental contaminants are beginning to be acknowledged in environmental protection programs, and a holistic process is emerging for considering impacts across disciplines and over space and time. This paper discusses some of the conceptual issues associated with integrating risk and impact assessments for large contaminated sites, as illustrated by application to complex U.S. Department of Energy sites being cleaned up under the Department's environmental management program. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP MacDonell, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM macdonell@anl.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2000 SI 2 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AC UT WOS:000202839400004 ER PT J AU MacDonell, M Peterson, J Klemic, G Elcock, D Monette, F Picel, K AF MacDonell, M Peterson, J Klemic, G Elcock, D Monette, F Picel, K TI Integrated development of cleanup criteria at US Department of Energy sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cleanup criteria; cleanup levels; Department of Energy environmental restoration sites; plutonium; residual contamination AB The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is conducting a massive cleanup program at sites across the country that were contaminated by past operations. The determination of appropriate residual levels for contaminants at these sites is directly tied to future land use plans and represents the endpoint of concern for many stakeholders. It is also a critical issue for budgeting the cleanup dollars, which are projected to exceed $ 200 billion for the entire program. The concentrations of contaminants to be left behind in soil and water are typically determined by combining applicable standards with the results of site-specific risk assessments. While the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has promulgated some standards for water, few exist for soil which has been estimated to account for more than 50 million cubic meters of contaminated material across the DOE complex. Thus, site-specific risk analyses that incorporate relevant exposure scenarios and fate factors are essential to sound decision making. Oversight agencies often pursue conservative assumptions for exposure conditions even when the likelihood is low. For example, large portions of many sites are expected to continue as ecological rather than residential areas, yet cleanup levels are often determined on the basis of assumed residential exposures. Nevertheless, conservative analyses can be used to evaluate the practicability and cost-effectiveness of various cleanup options. At many sites, the consideration of natural attenuation as a reasonable response option for 'self-mitigating' radioactive contamination (such as tritium in groundwater) has also been an issue for some oversight agencies, because of a disinclination to support such passive measures involving institutional controls over decades to centuries. This paper highlights several key issues associated with developing cleanup levels at DOE sites and illustrates information for plutonium. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, Ctr Risk Excellence, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP MacDonell, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM macdonell@anl.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2000 SI 2 BP 21 EP 27 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AC UT WOS:000202839400005 ER PT J AU Chen, SY AF Chen, SY TI Radiation protection framework for release of scrap materials containing residual radionuclides SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE clearance; environmental release; exemption; exposure; radiation dose; radioactivity; radioactive scrap materials; waste management AB The United States Department of Energy has undertaken the largest environmental remediation program in history. A major component of this remediation activity is management of potentially reusable or recyclable materials. Such materials are estimated to include more than one million tons of metals and several million cubic meters of concrete in the next decade or two. Expected to add to this scrap inventory is the equally large quantity of materials from commercial nuclear power plants to be decommissioned during the same time frame. A major issue to be resolved is that the release of materials containing residual radionuclides from a controlled environment, as during decontamination and decommissioning activities, has been problematic. Such releases are among the most controversial and misunderstood issues in radiation protection, primarily because of the lack of a suitable regulatory framework within which release standards can be developed. The concept recently introduced by the International Atomic Energy Agency of 'clearance' for radioactive materials is being evaluated by the international regulatory communities as a basis for setting standards for releasing from control solid materials containing residual radioactivity. Although the idea of clearance is relatively new, the concept bears a remarkable resemblance to existing practices for regulating gaseous and liquid effluent releases from nuclear installations. In all these cases, the focus is on 'controlling' the release but not on attaining 'absolute zero' discharge. Drawing from such comparisons could enhance the future development of guidance on clearance practice and hopefully improve public understanding of the process. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Risk & Waste Management Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, SY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Risk & Waste Management Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sychen@anl.go NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2000 SI 2 BP 29 EP 35 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AC UT WOS:000202839400006 ER PT J AU Travis, C Young, AL Dionisio, MC AF Travis, C Young, AL Dionisio, MC TI Science and technology challenges for the environmental cleanup of the Cold War legacy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Cold war legacy; environmental cleanup; environmental management; science and technology challenges; technology development AB The United States Department of Energy is currently involved in the world's largest environmental cleanup of its Cold War legacy of hazardous and radioactive wastes. The science and technology challenges of the program are major and are driven by the need to reduce the projected massive life cycle costs (currently $ 147 billion), and to find technical solutions to cleanup and storage problems that currently do not have technical solutions. In response to this challenge, the Department has established the Office of Science and Technology, and developed a science and technology strategy for the next five years. The focus of the program is to meet the highest priority cleanup needs (those on the critical path to closure), reduce costs, reduce technological risk, and to bridge the gap between development and use. This paper presents an overview of the approach that the United States is taking to invest in science and technology, and the institutional, technical, and economic challenges that it faces in its implementation. C1 Project Performance Corp, Oak Ridge, TN 37909 USA. US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, Technol Dev Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Travis, C (reprint author), Project Performance Corp, Oak Ridge, TN 37909 USA. EM traviscc@icx.net NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2000 SI 2 BP 37 EP 43 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AC UT WOS:000202839400007 ER PT J AU Regens, JL AF Regens, JL TI A risk-based approach to setting an environmental management science and technology agenda for the US Department of Energy's nuclear weapons complex SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE agenda; environmental science and technology; environmental management; nuclear weapons; risk; science; technology AB The reduction of near-term risks and long-term management of residual risks associated with contaminated sites within the nuclear weapons complex is a major challenge facing the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Environmental Management Program. Numerous individual projects ranging from decommissioning nuclear reactors and other facilities to management of waste storage and disposal areas, including underground tanks and past burial or discharge areas, and contaminants that have moved into and through the soil to groundwater and surface water have been proposed. Providing the analytical basis necessary to generate reliable estimates of risk and the effectiveness of remediation alternatives to support credible decision-making is a key driver for DOE's Environmental Management science and technology (S&T) program. C1 Tulane Univ, Med Ctr SL1, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403 USA. RP Regens, JL (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Med Ctr SL1, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM regens@esarl.tulane.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2000 SI 2 BP 45 EP 48 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AC UT WOS:000202839400008 ER PT J AU Regens, JL Zimmerman, RE Wilkey, PL Hodges, DG Armstrong, AQ Kelley, L AF Regens, JL Zimmerman, RE Wilkey, PL Hodges, DG Armstrong, AQ Kelley, L TI Evaluating environmental technology for meeting remediation end points and long-term stewardship options SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE environmental management; remediation endpoints; risk; science; technology AB Environmental managers are confronted with the challenge of systematically comparing conventional and innovative technologies, that are potentially responsive to site-specific needs relating to remediation and long term stewardship. The Technology Evaluation Framework described in this article provides an integrated, decision support tool for assembling, synthesizing, and communicating the information needed to support technology selection and deployment. The Framework's application is illustrated by evaluating containment and treatment of trichloroethylene contaminated groundwater using a representative cross section of conventional and innovative technologies under actual conditions prevailing at two hydrogeologically diverse U.S. Department of Energy sites. C1 Tulane Univ, Med Ctr SL1, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry, Knoxville, TN 37901 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CN Consulting Inc, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 USA. RP Regens, JL (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Med Ctr SL1, 1430 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM regens@esarl.tulane.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2000 SI 2 BP 49 EP 55 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AC UT WOS:000202839400009 ER PT J AU Siebach, PR Daling, PM Ross, SB Biwer, BM AF Siebach, PR Daling, PM Ross, SB Biwer, BM TI Evaluation of alternative configurations for shipping low-level radioactive waste to the Nevada Test Site SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Department of Energy; intermodal transportation; life-cycle cost assessment; life-cycle risk assessment; low-level radioactive waste; Nevada Test Site; radioactive waste; transport of low-level radioactive waste AB The Nevada Test Site (NTS) is a major receiver of United States Department of Energy (DOE)-owned low-level radioactive waste (LLW) for disposal. This paper evaluates the life-cycle costs and risks of alternative configurations for transporting LLW generated throughout the DOE complex to the NTS. Currently, much of the LLW being transported to the NTS is done by truck via highway routes which traverse the Hoover Dam and the Las Vegas Valley. This is a concern of local citizen's groups in the State of Nevada. Since the NTS and some DOE LLW generator sites are not served with direct rail service, this paper identifies and evaluates intermodal alternatives, i.e., both truck and rail components, along with historical truck scenarios to transport LLW from generator sites to NTS. Public and worker life-cycle (70 yr.) risk and cost impacts are estimated. Key observations about the risk and cost tradeoffs associated with the alternative configurations include: Nonradiological accident risks (i.e., physical injuries) are significantly higher than the other risk measures examined in this study. The nonradiological accident risks are slightly higher in the all-truck options than in the intermodal options. Radiological risk estimates are small. Radiological incident-free (or routine) risks were shown to be highest in the all-truck options and lowest in the intermodal options. For truck alternatives, worker, public, or accident radiological risks are similar (within a factor of 2) to nonradiological risk from routine vehicle emissions (e.g., diesel exhaust, fugitive dust, brake and tire particulates). Routing trucks around the Las Vegas Valley and bypassing the Hoover Dam results in higher radiological and non-radiological risks than using routes that travel through Las Vegas. This is consistent with the increased total shipping distance. However, based on the national scope of this study, differences are small. The life-cycle costs for intermodal alternatives are significantly lower than the all-truck alternatives. C1 Dept Energy Chicago Operat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Battelle Albuquerque Off, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Siebach, PR (reprint author), Dept Energy Chicago Operat, 9800 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM peter.siebach@ch.doe.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2000 SI 2 BP 57 EP 63 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AC UT WOS:000202839400010 ER PT J AU Ramicone, MJA Lane, N AF Ramicone, MJA Lane, N TI How the US Department of Energy's Environmental Management Program communicates with its stakeholders SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE communication; information products and services; stakeholders AB The remediation activities under the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Environmental Management (EM) program constitute the largest environmental cleanup activity in the world. With the end of the Cold War, the United States was left with the management and cleanup of waste from nearly 50 years of nuclear weapons production. The national change in the defense program mission greatly affected DOE. Not only had a primary DOE mission - to produce more nuclear weapons - diminished, its way of doing business had also changed. National security concerns required DOE to keep its nuclear weapons activities secret. Now DOE's new cleanup mission required open and frank communication. DOE had to share information about what had been done in the past and involve the public in deciding how to clean up the resulting waste. This vast cleanup program constitutes a major resource commitment and technological task for the United States government, but communicating the effort has been one of the toughest challenges of all. To meet this challenge, the DOE has developed an extensive communication program to interact with their stakeholders, including: establishing advisory boards and committees, developing factsheets and reader-friendly documents, creating web pages and information centers, instituting toll-free numbers, and holding public meetings and workshops. These communication tools form a communication bridge, bridging the 'communication gap' between DOE and its neighbors. C1 US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Lane Environm Inc, N Bend, WA 98045 USA. RP Ramicone, MJA (reprint author), US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, 9800 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM maryjo.acke@ch.doe.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2000 SI 2 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AC UT WOS:000202839400011 ER PT J AU Bollinger, ME Stenner, R Picel, K McGinn, W AF Bollinger, ME Stenner, R Picel, K McGinn, W TI Communicating risks from the Environmental Management program of the United Stated Department of Energy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE environmental management; risk communication; risk management; US Department of Energy AB With the inception of the Department of Energy (DOE) Environmental Management (EM) program, the need for better communication of the Department's environmental risks was highlighted. A number of database systems were used to describe the EM program's risk with limited success. Then in December 1997, the Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management charged the DOE operations and field offices and the Center for Risk Excellence (CRE) to work together to create 'Risk Profiles' or 'Risk Stories.' The purpose of the Profiles is to increase effective communication of risks at a national level for DOE sites by creating a common sense approach to describing risks. This paper describes the progress to date and looks at the plans for future activities. C1 US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Batelle NW, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Bollinger, ME (reprint author), US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, 9800 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mark.bollinger@ch.doe.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2000 SI 2 BP 71 EP 78 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AC UT WOS:000202839400012 ER PT J AU Hocking, EK Bendowitz, CL Flynn, M AF Hocking, EK Bendowitz, CL Flynn, M TI Cultural impact assessments and environmental remediation decisionmaking SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cultural groups; cultural impact assessment; cultural impact; culture; Department of Energy; quality of life; risks to culture AB The United States Department of Energy must determine how risks are to be assessed, managed, and communicated at its many sites with radiological and chemical contamination. One often overlooked component of risk and impact assessments is the impact of environmental remedial actions on cultural groups proximate to contaminated sites. Cultural impact assessments should be undertaken because of both the importance of one's culture to one's quality of life and the role they could play in augmenting sound human health risk assessments. This paper presents a basis for why cultural impact assessments should be considered and a model for how they might be undertaken. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Hocking, EK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 955 LEnfant Plaza SW,Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM ehocking@anl.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA JUSTUS-VON-LIEBIG-STR 1, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 2000 SI 2 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V42AC UT WOS:000202839400014 ER PT J AU McNab, WW Ruiz, R Reinhard, M AF McNab, WW Ruiz, R Reinhard, M TI In-situ destruction of chlorinated hydrocarbons in groundwater using catalytic reductive dehalogenation in a reactive well: Testing and operational experiences SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED WATER; PALLADIUM; HYDROGEN; CARBON; IRON AB A groundwater treatment technology based on catalytic reductive dehalogenation has been developed to efficiently destroy chlorinated hydrocarbons in situ using a reactive well approach. The treatment process utilizes dissolved H-2 as an electron donor, in the presence of a commercial palladium-on-alumina catalyst, to rapidly reduce common chlorinated aliphatics such as trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene into nonchlorinated hydrocarbons such as ethane. Rapid reaction rates permit the deployment of a treatment unit within a dual-screened well bore, allowing contaminated groundwater to he drawn from one water-bearing zone, treated within the well bore, and discharged to an adjacent zone with only one pass through the system. A demonstration groundwater treatment system based on this concept was evaluated in a chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminated aquifer at a major Superfund site. The system rapidly destroyed a variety of common contaminants such as TCE and PCE and maintained its performance for a test period of 1 year. Operation of the treatment system was optimized to maintain catalyst activity and to prevent formation of intermediate compounds. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Res Lib, MS P362, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McNab, WW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Div, 7000 E Ave,L-530, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mcnabl@llnl.gov NR 16 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 1 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1021/es9903936 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270JD UT WOS:000084531400042 ER PT J AU Liu, W Vidic, RD Brown, TD AF Liu, W Vidic, RD Brown, TD TI Impact of flue gas conditions on mercury uptake by sulfur-impregnated activated carbon SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASE MERCURY; POWER-PLANTS; ADSORPTION; SURFACE; VAPOR AB Novel sulfur-impregnated activated carbons (SIACs) have shown excellent mercury uptake capacity when pure nitrogen was used as a carrier gas. This study investigated the impact of various gas constituents found in a real flue gas on the performance of SIACs. Fixed-bed adsorber tests showed that CO2 (up to 15%) had no impact on mercury uptake by SIAC, while the presence of O-2 (up to 9%) increased the adsorptive capacity up to 30%. Increase in the amount of oxygen-containing acidic surface functional groups had no impact on mercury uptake, and it is postulated that the enhanced performance was due to the formation of HgO catalyzed by SIAC. Moisture presence (up to 10%) can decrease SIAC's capacity for mercury uptake by as much as 25% due to competitive adsorption and additional internal mass transfer resistance. SO2 (1600 ppm) and NO (500 ppm) exhibited no impact on mercury uptake by SIAC even in the presence of 10% moisture. Adsorptive capacity of SIAC decreased significantly when the reaction temperature increased from 140 to 250 and 400 degrees C due to the pronounced exothermic nature of HgS formation, but increasing the empty-bed contact time can partially offset this loss of capacity. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Vidic, RD (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 943 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. OI Vidic, Radisav/0000-0001-7969-6845 NR 24 TC 74 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 1 BP 154 EP 159 DI 10.1021/es990315i PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270JD UT WOS:000084531400043 ER PT J AU Seaman, JC AF Seaman, JC TI Thin-foil SEM analysis of soil and groundwater colloids: Reducing instrument and operator bias SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRADIENT FLOW CONDITIONS; AQUATIC COLLOIDS; TRANSPORT; MACROMOLECULES; CONTAMINANTS; PARTICLES; RELEASE; AQUIFER AB Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) has been widely used to characterize environmental colloids with little regard for instrumental limitations. Details associated with electron emission source, excitation voltage, and even sample-coating procedures are often omitted from publications because SEM techniques are generally considered routine. In the current study, the common analytical technique of depositing colloidal samples on polycarbonate filters (i.e., conventional analysis) and carbon coating for microanalysis was compared to a thin-foil mounting technique that enhances particle recognition and reduces the nonspecific background (i.e., Bremsstrahlung X-rays) that interferes with compositional analysis of submicron particles. Carbon-coated particle resolution was degraded compared to metal-coated samples, making it difficult to identify smaller particles or discern fine-grained aggregates during EDS analysis. The signal-to-noise ratio for the resulting EDS patterns was highly related to particle size, with smaller particles generating patterns dominated by Bremsstrahlung X-rays. For the thin-foil method, EDS patterns for smaller particles produced better signal-to-noise ratios that were independent of particle size. The ability to easily discriminate particles from the background and collect detailed EDS spectra with minimal analysis time makes this technique ideal for instrumental automation. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Seaman, JC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 34 IS 1 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1021/es990567j PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270JD UT WOS:000084531400048 ER PT S AU Kincaid, CT Bergeron, MP Cole, CR Freshley, MD Johnson, VG Kaplan, DI Serne, RJ Streile, GP Strenge, DL Thorne, PD Vail, LW Whyatt, GA Wurstner, SK AF Kincaid, CT Bergeron, MP Cole, CR Freshley, MD Johnson, VG Kaplan, DI Serne, RJ Streile, GP Strenge, DL Thorne, PD Vail, LW Whyatt, GA Wurstner, SK BE Price, FT Brix, KV Lane, NK TI Composite analysis for low-level waste disposal in the 200 area plateau of the Hanford Site, Southeast Washington SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND TRANSPORT: NINTH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Recent Achievements in Environmental Fate and Transport CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E-47 Biol Effects & Environm Fate DE composite analysis; groundwater; Hanford Site; low-level radioactive waste; performance assessment; radionuclides; radiation dose ID RECHARGE AB A composite analysis of low-level radioactive waste disposal and other radioactive sources was recently completed for the Hanford Site in Southeast Washington State. Impacts from source release and environmental transport were estimated for a 1 000-year period following Site closure in a multi-step process involving 1) estimation of radiological inventories and releases, 2) assessment of contaminant migration through the vadose zone, groundwater, and atmospheric pathways, 3) and estimation of doses. The analysis showed that most of the radionuclide inventory in past-practice liquid discharge sites and pre-1988 solid waste burial grounds on the 200 Area Plateau will be released in the first several hundred years following Hanford Site closure, well before projected releases from active and planned disposals of solid waste. The maximum predicted agricultural dose was less than 6 mrem/y in 2050 and declined thereafter. The maximum doses for the residential, industrial, and recreational scenarios, were 2.2, 0.7, and 0.04 mrem/y, respectively, and also declined after 2050. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kincaid, CT (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Environm Technol Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2861-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1381 BP 104 EP 117 DI 10.1520/STP14417S PG 14 WC Ecology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BP90R UT WOS:000086563700007 ER PT S AU Ballinger, MY Shields, KD Buck, JW Gelston, GM AF Ballinger, MY Shields, KD Buck, JW Gelston, GM BE Price, FT Brix, KV Lane, NK TI Considerations of risk in liquid effluent management SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND TRANSPORT: NINTH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Recent Achievements in Environmental Fate and Transport CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E-47 Biol Effects & Environm Fate DE liquid effluent monitoring; human health risk; wastewater AB Liquid effluent monitoring for research and development laboratories is difficult because of the diverse and variable effluent streams and wide range of chemicals used in continuously changing projects. Risk assessment tools can aid in the design of reasonable monitoring programs. In this paper, an assessment was performed to determine the human health risk of accidental discharges of chemicals into the sewer systems servicing research and development laboratories at the Hanford Site's 300 Area. As part of this assessment, the single largest container of chemical compounds used in the laboratories was assumed to be discharged into the sewer system transported to a treatment facility, then pass untreated into the Columbia River. The Multimedia Environmental Pollutant Assessment System was used to model the transport and fate of the chemical contaminants, and exposure estimates were obtained for two receptor locations and for population impacts. Results of this assessment indicated that the human health risk from the source terms analyzed would not exceed levels generally accepted as safe and that no additional controls or monitoring of specific chemicals were indicated from this risk perspective. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Environm Safety & Hlth Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Ballinger, MY (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Environm Safety & Hlth Directorate, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2861-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1381 BP 118 EP 132 DI 10.1520/STP14418S PG 15 WC Ecology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BP90R UT WOS:000086563700008 ER PT S AU Young, AL Hocking, EK McGinn, CW AF Young, AL Hocking, EK McGinn, CW BE Price, FT Brix, KV Lane, NK TI Commentary on cultural considerations in risk assessment: An ethical responsibility SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISK ASSESSMENT: RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND TRANSPORT: NINTH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Symposium on Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Recent Achievements in Environmental Fate and Transport CY APR 19-21, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm E-47 Biol Effects & Environm Fate DE cultural risk assessment; quality of life assessment; Tribal Nations; Center for Risk Excellence AB The United States Department of Energy's (DOE) Center for Risk Excellence has been charged with developing the "Risk Plan" for the Hanford Nuclear Reservation's (Richland, WA) Groundwater/Vadose Zone Integration Project. The goal of the Integration Project is to assure the protection of water resources, the Columbia River environment, river-dependent life, and users of the Columbia River resources. Credible data and predictive analytical tools are needed to assess impacts associated with the remedial options proposed by DOE as the Department engages with regulators, Tribal Nations, and stakeholders in making cleanup decisions. Cultural risk impact assessment can be defined as part of a quality of life assessment-an assessment of the quality of our human health and environmental health. Cultural risk assessments should gauge how human health and environmental risks impact the cultures we live in and that give our lives meaning. We are making strides in the human health and ecological risk assessments that are standard to the current remediation process, but we are less clear on how to assess cultural impacts. However, to comprehensively evaluate and address the risks resulting from past and future DOE operations, we must consider the effects to cultural endpoints. To do less could be an unethical exercise of our responsibilities to assess and manage risk. C1 US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, Chicago Operat Off, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Young, AL (reprint author), US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, Chicago Operat Off, 9800 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2861-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1381 BP 219 EP 222 DI 10.1520/STP14425S PG 4 WC Ecology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BP90R UT WOS:000086563700015 ER PT S AU Jones, RH AF Jones, RH BE Kane, RD TI Considerations in using laboratory test data as an indicator of field performance: Stress corrosion cracking SO ENVIRONMENTALLY ASSISTED CRACKING: PREDICTIVE METHODS FOR RISK ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT, AND STRUCTURES SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Environmentally Assisted Cracking: Predictive Methods for Risk Assessment and Evaluation of Materials, Equipment, and Structures CY NOV 13-15, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Subcomm G01 06 Environm Assist Cracking, NACE Int, Mat Properties Council Inc, Mat Technol Inst Chem Process Ind, European Struct Integr Soc, Elect Power Res Inst DE stress-corrosion; laboratory tests; field performance; standard tests; non-standard tests; correlation; validation ID REACTIVATION METHOD; STEEL AB Correlations between laboratory stress corrosion test data and field performance and data are done for the express purpose of demonstrating the validity of the laboratory data for use in component design and performance. Improved component performance and life-prediction is the primary goal of developing correlations between the laboratory and field performance. It is not sufficient to merely obtain data from a standard test and assume this will suffice. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the role of standardized tests, specialized tests, full-size component tests, the impact of the quality of field data, inability to match field conditions in the laboratory, and role of modeling in developing a high confidence laboratory-field correlation. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Jones, RH (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2874-6 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1401 BP 259 EP 272 DI 10.1520/STP10223S PG 14 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BR52A UT WOS:000166706600012 ER PT S AU O'Connor, WK Dahlin, DC Argetsinger, ER Turner, PC AF O'Connor, WK Dahlin, DC Argetsinger, ER Turner, PC BE Taylor, PR TI Direct smelting of zinc smelter residues in the electric arc furnace SO EPD CONGRESS 2000,PROCEEDINGS SE EPD CONGRESS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual 2000 TMS Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Proc Div AB An evaluation of the zinc smelter wastes from a former smelter site in Spelter, West Virginia was conducted at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Albany Research Center (ARC), in Albany, Oregon. This evaluation included a characterization study and direct smelting tests conducted in a bench-scale electric are furnace (EAF). In contrast to other thermal treatment technologies considered for these wastes (i.e,, fluidized bed combustion), direct smelting in the EAF can process 100% of the wastes without prior beneficiation, and utilizes solid oxidant additions (in this case iron ore) rather than air to oxidize the carbon. This solid oxidant addition is advantageous because it results in the production of several value-added furnace products. These products include cast iron resulting from the reduction of the iron oxides, baghouse dust containing virtually all of the zinc from the residues, and a clean (nonhazardous) slag product suitable for recycle as concrete aggregate or construction fill. Offgas from the smelting furnace also holds potential as fuel gas for cogeneration. The direct smelting tests conducted thus far were successful at producing the desired furnace products, exhibiting the potential for complete recycle of the waste pile. A cast iron product of comparable quality to conventional cast irons was produced, at nearly 80% iron recovery to the metal. The slag product was determined to be nonhazardous, based on the EPA TCLP. Lead and zinc partitioning to the dust product was greater than 99%. The material balance over the furnace indicates that for every ton of feed processed, 540 Ib. of cast iron, 600 Ib. of slag, and 150 Ib. of dust would be produced. Energy consumption was roughly 1.10 kWxh/lb of feed material. Prior experience suggests that these figures measured in the bench-scale furnace would translate to 0.40 to 0.50 kWxh/lb at the industrial-scale. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Thermal Treatment Technol Div, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP O'Connor, WK (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Thermal Treatment Technol Div, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA SN 1079-7580 BN 0-87339-459-3 J9 EPD CONG PY 2000 BP 323 EP 343 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ44Q UT WOS:000088364800026 ER PT S AU Keyes, DE AF Keyes, DE BE Bode, A Ludwig, T Karl, W Wismuller, R TI Four horizons for enhancing the performance of parallel simulations based on partial differential equations SO EURO-PAR 2000 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Euro-Par 2000 Conference CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Tech Univ Munchen, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, KON WIHR, ACM IFIP, IEEE Task Force Cluster Comp, Force Comp GmbH, Fujitsu Siemens Com Technol, Landesaupstadt Munchen, Lufthansa, Deutsch Bahn AG AB Simulations of PDE-based systems, such as flight vehicles, the global climate, petroleum reservoirs, semiconductor devices, and nuclear weapons, typically perform an order of magnitude or more below other scientific simulations (e.g., from chemistry and physics) with dense linear algebra or N-body kernels at their core. In this presentation, we briefly review the algorithmic structure of typical PDE solvers that is responsible for this situation and consider possible architectural and algorithmic sources for performance improvement. Some of these improvements are also applicable to other types of simulations, but we examine their consequences for PDEs: potential to exploit orders of magnitude more processor-memory units, better organization of the simulation for today's and likely near-future hierarchical memories, alternative formulations of the discrete systems to be solved, and new horizons in adaptivity. Each category is motivated by recent experiences in computational aerodynamics at the 1 Teraflop/s scale. C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Sci Comp Res, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Inst Comp Applicat Sci & Engn, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Keyes, DE (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM keyes@icase.edu NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67956-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1900 BP 1 EP 17 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY35X UT WOS:000189042500001 ER PT S AU von Laszewski, G Shudo, K Muraoka, Y AF von Laszewski, G Shudo, K Muraoka, Y BE Bode, A Ludwig, T Karl, W Wismuller, R TI Grid-based asynchronous migration of execution context in Java virtual machines SO EURO-PAR 2000 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Euro-Par 2000 Conference CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Tech Univ Munchen, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, KON WIHR, ACM IFIP, IEEE Task Force Cluster Comp, Force Comp GmbH, Fujitsu Siemens Com Technol, Landesaupstadt Munchen, Lufthansa, Deutsch Bahn AG ID SYSTEM AB Previous research efforts for building thread migration systems have concentrated on the development of frameworks dealing with a small local environment controlled by a single user. Computational Grids provide the opportunity to utilize a large-scale environment controlled over different organizational boundaries. Using this class of large-scale computational resources as part of a thread migration system provides a significant challenge previously not addressed by this community. In this paper we present a framework that integrates Grid services to enhance the functionality of a thread migration system. To accommodate future Grid services, the design of the framework is both flexible and extensible. Currently, our thread migration system contains Grid services for authentication, registration, lookup, and automatic software installation. In the context of distributed applications executed on a Grid-based infrastructure, the asynchronous migration of an execution context can help solve problems such as remote execution, load balancing, and the development of mobile agents. Our prototype is based on the migration of Java threads, allowing asynchronous and heterogeneous migration of the execution context of the running code. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP von Laszewski, G (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gregor@mcs.anl.gov; shudoh@muraoka.info.waseda.ac.jp; muraoka@muraoka.info.waseda.ac.jp RI von Laszewski, Gregor/C-2808-2012 OI von Laszewski, Gregor/0000-0001-9558-179X NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67956-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1900 BP 22 EP 34 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY35X UT WOS:000189042500003 ER PT S AU Bischof, CH Bucker, HM Hovland, PD AF Bischof, CH Bucker, HM Hovland, PD BE Bode, A Ludwig, T Karl, W Wismuller, R TI On combining computational differentiation and toolkits for parallel scientific computing SO EURO-PAR 2000 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Euro-Par 2000 Conference CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Tech Univ Munchen, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, KON WIHR, ACM IFIP, IEEE Task Force Cluster Comp, Force Comp GmbH, Fujitsu Siemens Com Technol, Landesaupstadt Munchen, Lufthansa, Deutsch Bahn AG ID AUTOMATIC DIFFERENTIATION; ALGORITHM AB Automatic differentiation is a powerful technique for evaluating derivatives of functions given in the form of a high-level programming language such as Fortran, C, or C++. The program is treated as a potentially very long sequence of elementary statements to which the chain rule of differential calculus is applied over and over again. Combining automatic differentiation and the organizational structure of toolkits for parallel scientific computing provides a mechanism for evaluating derivatives by exploiting mathematical insight on a higher level. In these toolkits, algorithmic structures such as BLAS-like operations, linear and nonlinear solvers, or integrators for ordinary differential equations can be identified by their standardized interfaces and recognized as high-level mathematical objects rather than as a sequence of elementary statements. In this note, the differentiation of a linear solver with respect to some parameter vector is taken as an example. Mathematical insight is used to reformulate this problem into the solution of multiple linear systems that share the same coefficient matrix but differ in their right-hand sides. The experiments reported here use ADIC, a tool for the automatic differentiation of C programs, and PETSc, an object-oriented toolkit for the parallel solution of scientific problems modeled by partial differential equations. C1 Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Comp Sci, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Comp Sci, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. EM bischof@sc.rwth-aachen.de; buecker@sc.rwth-aachen.de; howland@cs.anl.gov RI Bischof, Christian/D-2897-2009; Bucker, Hanns Martin/E-2623-2012 OI Bucker, Hanns Martin/0000-0002-5210-0789 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67956-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1900 BP 86 EP 94 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY35X UT WOS:000189042500012 ER PT S AU Sun, XH Cameron, KW AF Sun, XH Cameron, KW BE Bode, A Ludwig, T Karl, W Wismuller, R TI A statistical-empirical hybrid approach to hierarchical memory analysis SO EURO-PAR 2000 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Euro-Par 2000 Conference CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Tech Univ Munchen, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, KON WIHR, ACM IFIP, IEEE Task Force Cluster Comp, Force Comp GmbH, Fujitsu Siemens Com Technol, Landesaupstadt Munchen, Lufthansa, Deutsch Bahn AG AB A hybrid approach that utilizes both statistical techniques and empirical methods seeks to provide more information about the performance of an application. In this paper, we present a general approach to creating hybrid models of this type. We show that for the scientific applications of interest, the scaled performance is somewhat predictable due to the regular characteristics of the measured codes. Furthermore, the resulting method encourages streamlined performance evaluation by determining which analysis steps may provide further insight to code performance. C1 IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Sun, XH (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67956-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1900 BP 141 EP 148 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY35X UT WOS:000189042500018 ER PT S AU Nieplocha, J Ju, JL Straatsma, TP AF Nieplocha, J Ju, JL Straatsma, TP BE Bode, A Ludwig, T Karl, W Wismuller, R TI A multiprotocol communication support for the global address space programming model on the IBM SP SO EURO-PAR 2000 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Euro-Par 2000 Conference CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Tech Univ Munchen, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, KON WIHR, ACM IFIP, IEEE Task Force Cluster Comp, Force Comp GmbH, Fujitsu Siemens Com Technol, Landesaupstadt Munchen, Lufthansa, Deutsch Bahn AG AB The paper describes an efficient communication support for the global address space programming model on the IBM SP, a commercial example of the SMP (symmetric multi-processor) clusters. Our approach integrates shared memory with active messages, threads and remote memory copy between nodes. The shared memory operations offer substantial performance improvement over LAPI, IBM one-sided communication library, within an SMP node. Based on the experiments with the SPLASH-2 LU benchmark and a molecular dynamics simulation, our multiprotocol support for the global address space is found to improve performance and scalability of applications. This approach could also be used in optimizing the MPI-2 one-sided communication on the SMP clusters. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Nieplocha, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67956-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1900 BP 718 EP 728 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY35X UT WOS:000189042500099 ER PT S AU Trinder, PW Loidl, HW Barry, E Davis, MK Hammond, K Klusik, U Jones, SLP Portillo, AJR AF Trinder, PW Loidl, HW Barry, E Davis, MK Hammond, K Klusik, U Jones, SLP Portillo, AJR BE Bode, A Ludwig, T Karl, W Wismuller, R TI The multi-architecture performance of the parallel functional language GPH SO EURO-PAR 2000 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Euro-Par 2000 Conference CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Tech Univ Munchen, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, KON WIHR, ACM IFIP, IEEE Task Force Cluster Comp, Force Comp GmbH, Fujitsu Siemens Com Technol, Landesaupstadt Munchen, Lufthansa, Deutsch Bahn AG ID PROGRAMS AB In principle, functional languages promise straightforward architecture-independent parallelism, because of their high level description of parallelism, dynamic management of parallelism and deterministic semantics. However, these language features come at the expense of a sophisticated compiler and/or runtime-system. The problem we address is whether such an elaborate system can deliver acceptable performance on a variety of parallel architectures. In particular we report performance measurements for the GUM runtime-system on eight parallel architectures, including massively parallel, distributed-memory, shared-memory and workstation networks. C1 Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. Univ Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Microsoft Res Ltd, Cambridge, England. RP Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM trinder@cee.hw.ac.uk; hwloidl@cee.hw.ac.uk; kei@lanl.gov; kh@dcs.st-and.ac.uk; klusik@mathematik.uni-marburg.de; simonpj@microsoft.com; alvaro@dcs.st-and.ac.uk NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67956-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1900 BP 739 EP 743 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY35X UT WOS:000189042500101 ER PT S AU Prost, JP Treumann, R Hedges, R Koniges, A White, A AF Prost, JP Treumann, R Hedges, R Koniges, A White, A BE Bode, A Ludwig, T Karl, W Wismuller, R TI Towards a high-performance implementation of MPI-IO on top of GPFS SO EURO-PAR 2000 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Euro-Par 2000 Conference CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Tech Univ Munchen, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, KON WIHR, ACM IFIP, IEEE Task Force Cluster Comp, Force Comp GmbH, Fujitsu Siemens Com Technol, Landesaupstadt Munchen, Lufthansa, Deutsch Bahn AG AB MPI-IO/GPFS is a prototype implementation of the I/O chapter of the Message Passing Interface (MPI) 2 standard. It uses the IBM General Parallel File System (GPFS) as the underlying file system. This paper describes the features of this prototype which support its high performance. The use of hints allows tailoring the use of the file system to the application needs. C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. IBM Enterprise Syst Grp, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Route 134, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67956-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1900 BP 1253 EP 1262 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY35X UT WOS:000189042500177 ER PT S AU Rabenseifner, R Koniges, AE AF Rabenseifner, R Koniges, AE BE Bode, A Ludwig, T Karl, W Wismuller, R TI Effective file-I/O bandwidth benchmark SO EURO-PAR 2000 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Euro-Par 2000 Conference CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Tech Univ Munchen, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, KON WIHR, ACM IFIP, IEEE Task Force Cluster Comp, Force Comp GmbH, Fujitsu Siemens Com Technol, Landesaupstadt Munchen, Lufthansa, Deutsch Bahn AG DE MPI; file-I/O; disk-I/O; benchmark; bandwidth AB The effective I/O bandwidth benchmark (b_eff_io) covers two goals: (1) to achieve a characteristic average number for the I/O bandwidth achievable with parallel MPI-I/O applications, and (2) to get detailed information about several access patterns and buffer lengths. The benchmark examines "first write", "rewrite" and "read" access, strided (individual and shared pointers) and segmented collective patterns on one file per application and non-collective access to one file per process. The number of parallel accessing processes is also varied and wellformed I/O is compared with non-wellformed. On systems, meeting the rule that the total memory can be written to disk in 10 minutes, the benchmark should not need more than 15 minutes for a first pass of all patterns. The benchmark is designed analogously to the effective bandwidth benchmark for message passing (b_eff) that characterizes the message passing capabilities of a system in a few minutes. First results of the b_eff_io benchmark are given for IBM SP, Cray T3E and NEC SX-5 systems and compared with existing benchmarks based on parallel Posix-I/O. C1 Univ Stuttgart, HLRS, Ctr High Performance Comp, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rabenseifner, R (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, HLRS, Ctr High Performance Comp, Allmandring 30, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. EM rabenseifner@hlrs.de; koniges@llnl.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67956-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1900 BP 1273 EP 1283 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY35X UT WOS:000189042500179 ER PT S AU Rana, OF Li, MZ Shields, MS Walker, DW Golby, D AF Rana, OF Li, MZ Shields, MS Walker, DW Golby, D BE Bode, A Ludwig, T Karl, W Wismuller, R TI Implementing Problem Solving Environments for computational science SO EURO-PAR 2000 PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Euro-Par 2000 Conference CY AUG 29-SEP 01, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP Tech Univ Munchen, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, KON WIHR, ACM IFIP, IEEE Task Force Cluster Comp, Force Comp GmbH, Fujitsu Siemens Com Technol, Landesaupstadt Munchen, Lufthansa, Deutsch Bahn AG AB A Problem Solving Environment (PSE) should aim to hide implementation and systems details from application developers, to enable a scientist or engineer to concentrate on the science. A PSE is, by definition, problem domain specific, but the infrastructure for a PSE can be problem domain independent. A domain independent infrastructure for a PSE is described, followed by two application dependent PSEs for Molecular Dynamics and Boundary Element codes that make use of our generic PSE infrastructure. C1 Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Dept Comp Sci, Cardiff CF24 3XF, S Glam, Wales. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. British Aerosp Syst, Sowerby Res Ctr, Dept Math Modelling, Bristol BS34 7QW, Avon, England. RP Rana, OF (reprint author), Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Dept Comp Sci, POB 916, Cardiff CF24 3XF, S Glam, Wales. RI Walker, David/B-7978-2010; OI Walker, David/0000-0002-1360-6330 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67956-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1900 BP 1345 EP 1349 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BY35X UT WOS:000189042500188 ER PT J AU Keppler, C Achterhold, K Ostermann, A van Burck, U Chumakov, AI Ruffer, R Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Parak, FG AF Keppler, C Achterhold, K Ostermann, A van Burck, U Chumakov, AI Ruffer, R Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Parak, FG TI Nuclear forward scattering of synchrotron radiation by deoxymyoglobin SO EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL WITH BIOPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE myoglobin; protein dynamics; nuclear forward scattering; Mossbauer effect; synchrotron radiation ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANT SCATTERING; MYOGLOBIN AB Nuclear forward scattering of synchrotron radiation is used to determine the quadrupole splitting and the mean square displacement of the iron atom in deoxymyoglobin in the temperature range between 50 K and 243 K. Above 200 K an abnormally fast decay of the forward scattered intensity at short times after the synchrotron flash is observed, which is caused by protein-specific motions. The results strongly support the picture that protein dynamics seen at the position of the iron can be understood by harmonic motions in the low temperature regime while in the physiological regime diffusive motions in limited space are present. The shape of the resonance broadening function is investigated. An inhomogeneous broadening with a Lorentzian distribution indicating dipole interactions results in a better agreement with the experimental data than the common Gaussian distribution. C1 Tech Univ Munich, Fak Phys E17, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Tech Univ Munich, Fak Phys E15, D-85747 Garching, Germany. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Parak, FG (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Fak Phys E17, D-85747 Garching, Germany. OI Ostermann, Andreas/0000-0002-1477-5590 NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0175-7571 J9 EUR BIOPHYS J BIOPHY JI Eur. Biophys. J. Biophys. Lett. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 2 BP 146 EP 152 DI 10.1007/s002490050260 PG 7 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 329AH UT WOS:000087883600008 PM 10877024 ER PT J AU Rakov, VS Futrell, JH Denisov, EV Nikolaev, EN AF Rakov, VS Futrell, JH Denisov, EV Nikolaev, EN TI Instrumentation of kinetic energy-resolved surface-induced dissociation in Fourier transform mass spectrometry SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry Workshop CY SEP 16-18, 1999 CL UNIV WARWICK, COVENTRY, ENGLAND SP AstraZeneca, British Mass Spect Soc, Bruker Dalton Ltd, IM Publicat, Magnex Sci & Oxford Instruments HO UNIV WARWICK DE instrumentation; surface-induced dissociation; ion cyclotron resonance ID ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER FILMS; THIOL MONOLAYERS; POLYATOMIC IONS; COLLISIONS; GOLD AB A Bruker 7 T Fourier transform (FT) mass spectrometer fitted with electron impact (EI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) external ion sources has been modified for surface-induced dissociation (SID) studies utilizing a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of CF3(CF2)(9)C2H4SH alkanethiolate chemisorbed on gold. Operational aspects of ion sources, intermediate hexapole ion storage, time-of-flight function of the ion optics and cell trapping mechanisms are discussed for both primary and secondary ions. Different methods of ion trapping in the FT ion cyclotron resonance cell were analyzed theoretically and dynamic voltage trapping (DVT) was chosen as the most suitable. Direct measurements of primary (short time scale) and secondary (delayed) SID fragmentation and kinetic energy distributions of the SID fragments illustrate the capabilities of the instrument as a research tool for investigating SID kinetics. SID of small molecules and model peptides was investigated over a moderate collision energy range and the ion population was sampled at various decomposition delay times. Kinetic energy distributions of SID fragment ions were measured and shown to be quite low over the range of energies investigated. Most of the primary ion kinetic energy is dissipated into surface excitation and internal energy of ions recoiled from the surface. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Energy Problems Chem Phys, Moscow V71, Russia. RP Rakov, VS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Nikolaev, Eugene/N-4498-2013 OI Nikolaev, Eugene/0000-0001-6209-2068 NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU IM PUBLICATIONS PI W SUSSEX PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER,, W SUSSEX PO18 0HY, ENGLAND SN 1469-0667 J9 EUR J MASS SPECTROM JI Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. PY 2000 VL 6 IS 3 BP 299 EP 317 DI 10.1255/ejms.352 PG 19 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 374CY UT WOS:000165327900010 ER PT J AU Eidherr, H Mitterhauser, M Krcal, A Bartosch, E Zettinig, G Havlik, E Knapp, FF Dudczak, R AF Eidherr, H Mitterhauser, M Krcal, A Bartosch, E Zettinig, G Havlik, E Knapp, FF Dudczak, R TI Evaluation of the W-189/Re-188-generator and online concentration system SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Vienna, Clin Nucl Med, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. Univ Vienna, Hosp Pharm, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. Univ Vienna, Inst Biomed Engn & Phys, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. AKH Wien, Vienna, Austria. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-6997 J9 EUR J NUCL MED JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 27 IS 1 MA 52 BP S95 EP S95 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 272CB UT WOS:000084632000069 ER PT J AU Limouris, GS Pirmettis, I Frantzis, AP Shukla, SK Voliotopoulos, V Lyra, M Dardoufas, K Kouvaris, I Knapp, FF Stavaraka, A Vlahos, L AF Limouris, GS Pirmettis, I Frantzis, AP Shukla, SK Voliotopoulos, V Lyra, M Dardoufas, K Kouvaris, I Knapp, FF Stavaraka, A Vlahos, L TI Re-188 (Sn) labelled HEDP and (V) DMSA in the treatment of painful osseous and disseminated soft tissue metastases. SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Arete Univ Hosp, Div Nucl Med, Athens Med Fac, Hellas, Greece. NCSR Demokritos, IRRP, Hellas, Greece. St Eugenio Hosp, Rome Collab Nucl Med Dept, Rome, Italy. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res Co, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Lyra, Maria/A-7958-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-6997 J9 EUR J NUCL MED JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 27 IS 1 MA 12 BP S85 EP S85 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 272CB UT WOS:000084632000029 ER PT J AU Kurpeta, J Andreyev, A Aysto, J Evensen, AH Huhta, M Huyse, M Jokinen, A Karny, M Kugler, E Lettry, J Nieminen, A Plochocki, A Ramdhane, M Ravn, HL Rykaczewski, K Szerypo, J Van Duppen, P Walter, G Wohr, A AF Kurpeta, J Andreyev, A Aysto, J Evensen, AH Huhta, M Huyse, M Jokinen, A Karny, M Kugler, E Lettry, J Nieminen, A Plochocki, A Ramdhane, M Ravn, HL Rykaczewski, K Szerypo, J Van Duppen, P Walter, G Wohr, A CA ISOLDE Collaboration TI The decay of the neutron-rich nucleus Bi-216 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPES AB The decay of the neutron-rich isotope Bi-216, produced by proton-induced spallation at the PS Booster-ISOLDE facility, was investigated by beta - gamma gamma, alpha gamma coincidence and spect;rum-multiscaling measurements. A new method for reducing isobaric contamination enabled to cover the unknown region "east" of Pb-208 for, the isobaric chain A=216. The half-life of the beta decay of Bi-216 was found as T-1/2 = 135 +/- 5 s. Its decay scheme was extended and the possible shell model configurations are proposed. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Louvain, Inst Kern & Stralingsfys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, Accelerator Lab, SF-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. CERN, PPE, ISOLDE, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Strasbourg 1, Inst Rech Subatom, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Kurpeta, J (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RI Jokinen, Ari/C-2477-2017 OI Jokinen, Ari/0000-0002-0451-125X NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JAN PY 2000 VL 7 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 300NA UT WOS:000086258000010 ER PT J AU Breitweg, J Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Pellegrino, A Repond, J Stanek, R Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Abbiendi, G Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, H De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Rautenberg, J Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Barret, O Cottingham, WN Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Scott, J Tapper, RJ Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Jeoung, HY Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, HY Caldwell, A Liu, W Liu, X Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sacchi, R Sampson, S Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Olkiewicz, K Przybycien, MB Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bienlein, JK Burgard, C Desler, K Drews, G Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Martinez, M Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Moritz, M Notz, D Pelucchi, F Petrucci, MC Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Saull, PRB Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Sievers, M Stonjek, S Tassi, E Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Viani, ALD Meyer, A Monig, K Schlenstedt, S Straub, PB Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Gladilin, LK Kcira, K Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Tapper, AD Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Cloth, P Filges, D Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Ahn, SH An, SH Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Labarga, L del Peso, J Puga, J Redondo, I Terron, J Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Murray, WN Ochs, A Padhi, S Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Wing, M Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Blaikley, HE Boogert, S Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Matsushita, T Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dondana, S Dosselli, U Dusini, S Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Iannotti, L Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cartiglia, N Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Ruspa, M Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Gadaj, T Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Foudas, C Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wildschek, T Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Hall-Wilton, R Khakzad, M Menary, S Schmidke, WB AF Breitweg, J Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Pellegrino, A Repond, J Stanek, R Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Abbiendi, G Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, H De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Rautenberg, J Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Barret, O Cottingham, WN Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Scott, J Tapper, RJ Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Jeoung, HY Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, HY Caldwell, A Liu, W Liu, X Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sacchi, R Sampson, S Sciulli, F Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Olkiewicz, K Przybycien, MB Stopa, P Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bienlein, JK Burgard, C Desler, K Drews, G Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Martinez, M Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Moritz, M Notz, D Pelucchi, F Petrucci, MC Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Saull, PRB Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Sievers, M Stonjek, S Tassi, E Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Viani, ALD Meyer, A Monig, K Schlenstedt, S Straub, PB Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Gladilin, LK Kcira, K Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Tapper, AD Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Cloth, P Filges, D Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Ahn, SH An, SH Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Labarga, L del Peso, J Puga, J Redondo, I Terron, J Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Murray, WN Ochs, A Padhi, S Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Wing, M Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Blaikley, HE Boogert, S Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Matsushita, T Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dondana, S Dosselli, U Dusini, S Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Iannotti, L Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cartiglia, N Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Ruspa, M Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB West, BJ Ciborowski, J Ciesielski, R Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Gadaj, T Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Foudas, C Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wildschek, T Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Hall-Wilton, R Khakzad, M Menary, S Schmidke, WB CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of D*(+/-) production and the charm contribution to F-2 in deep inelastic scattering at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; HEAVY-QUARK CORRELATIONS; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; EP SCATTERING; ELECTROPRODUCTION; CONSTRUCTION; DESIGN; LEPTOPRODUCTION; FRAGMENTATION AB The production of D*(+/-)(2010) mesons in deep inelastic scattering has been measured in the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 37 pb(-1). The decay channels D*(+) --> D(0)pi(+) (+ c.c.), with D-0 --> K(-)pi(+) or D-0 --> K(-)pi(-)pi(+)pi(+), have been used to identify the D mesons. The e(+)p cross section for inclusive D*(+/-) production with 1 < Q(2) < 600 GeV2 and 0.02 < y < 0.7 is 8.31+/-0.31(stat.)(+0.30)(-0.50) (syst.) nb in the kinematic region 1.5 < pT(D*(+/-)) < 15GeV and \eta(D*(+/-))\ < 1.5. Differential cross sections are consistent with a next-to-leading-order perturbative-QCD calculation when using charm-fragmentation models which take into account the interaction of the charm quark with the proton remnant. The observed cross section is extrapolated to the full kinematic region in pr(D*(+/-)) and eta(D*(+/-)) in order to determine the charm contribution, F-2(c (c) over bar)(x,Q(2)), to the proton structllre function. The ratio F-2(c (c) over bar)/F-2 rises from similar or equal to 10% at Q(2) similar or equal to 1.8 GeV2 to similar or equal to 30% at Q(2) similar or equal to 130 GeV2 for x values in the rarlge 10(-4) to 10(-3). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. INFN Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Acad Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Techniques, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 1, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Fac Sci 2, Alessandria, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Alessandria, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. CNR, IROE, I-50127 Florence, Italy. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Bailey, David C/0000-0002-7970-7839; Kasemann, Matthias/0000-0002-0429-2448; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Abbiendi, Giovanni/0000-0003-4499-7562 NR 57 TC 160 Z9 160 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 35 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s100529900244 PG 18 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 275XP UT WOS:000084845700003 ER PT J AU Breitweg, J Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Pellegrino, A Repond, J Stanek, R Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Abbiendi, G Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Rautenberg, J Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Barret, O Cottingham, WN Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Scott, J Tapper, RJ Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Jeoung, HY Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sacchi, R Sampson, S Sciulli, F Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Olkiewicz, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bienlein, JK Burgard, C Desler, K Drews, G Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Martinez, M Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Moritz, M Notz, D Pelucchi, F Piotrzkoswski, K Rohde, M Saull, PRB Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Sievers, M Stonjek, S Tassi, E Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Viani, ALD Meyer, A Monig, K Schlenstedt, S Straub, PB Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Tapper, AD Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Cloth, P Filges, D Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Ahn, SH An, SH Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Labarga, L del Peso, J Puga, J Redondo, I Terron, J Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Murray, WN Ochs, A Padhi, S Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Wing, M Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, W Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Blaikley, HE Boogert, S Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Matsushita, T Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dondana, S Dosselli, U Dusini, S Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Iannotti, L Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Schechter, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Heapby, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Gadaj, T Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Foudas, C Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wildschek, T Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Hall-Wilton, R Khakzad, M Menary, S Schmidke, WB AF Breitweg, J Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Pellegrino, A Repond, J Stanek, R Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Abbiendi, G Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Rautenberg, J Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Barret, O Cottingham, WN Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Scott, J Tapper, RJ Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Jeoung, HY Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sacchi, R Sampson, S Sciulli, F Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Olkiewicz, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bienlein, JK Burgard, C Desler, K Drews, G Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Martinez, M Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Moritz, M Notz, D Pelucchi, F Piotrzkoswski, K Rohde, M Saull, PRB Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Sievers, M Stonjek, S Tassi, E Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Viani, ALD Meyer, A Monig, K Schlenstedt, S Straub, PB Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Tapper, AD Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Cloth, P Filges, D Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Ahn, SH An, SH Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Labarga, L del Peso, J Puga, J Redondo, I Terron, J Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Murray, WN Ochs, A Padhi, S Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Wing, M Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, W Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Blaikley, HE Boogert, S Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Matsushita, T Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dondana, S Dosselli, U Dusini, S Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Iannotti, L Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Schechter, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Heapby, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Gadaj, T Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Foudas, C Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wildschek, T Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Hall-Wilton, R Khakzad, M Menary, S Schmidke, WB CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Angular and current-target correlations in deep inelastic scattering at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID CHARGED-PARTICLE MULTIPLICITY; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; QCD JETS; PROTON-SCATTERING; PBARP COLLISIONS; MOMENTUM SPECTRA; E+E ANNIHILATION; EVENT GENERATOR; HADRON SPECTRA; PP COLLISIONS AB Correlations between charged particles in deep inelastic e(+)p scattering have been studied in the Breit frame with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 6.4pb(-1). Short-range correlations are analysed in terms of the angular separation between current-region particles within a cone centred around the virtual photon axis. Long-range correlations between the current and target regions have also been measured. The data support. predictions for the scaling behaviour of the, angular correlations at high Q(2) and for anti-correlations between the current and target regions over a large range in Q(2) and in the Bjorken scaling variable x. Analytic QCD calculations and Monte Carlo models correctly describe the trends of the data at high Q(2), but show quantitative discrepancies. The data show differences between the correlations in deep inelastic scattering and e(+)e(-) annihilation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Acad Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Techniques, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 1, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-57068 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Fac Sci 2, Alessandria, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Alessandria, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. CNR, IROE, I-50127 Florence, Italy. RP Breitweg, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011 OI dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Bailey, David C/0000-0002-7970-7839; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Kasemann, Matthias/0000-0002-0429-2448; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Abbiendi, Giovanni/0000-0003-4499-7562; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636 NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 2000 VL 12 IS 1 BP 53 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s100529900245 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 275XP UT WOS:000084845700004 ER PT S AU Rawn, CJ Payzant, EA Hubbard, CR Barsoum, MW El-Raghy, T AF Rawn, CJ Payzant, EA Hubbard, CR Barsoum, MW El-Raghy, T BE Delhez, R Mittemeijer, EJ TI Structure of Ti3SiC2 SO EUROPEAN POWDER DIFFRACTION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Powder Diffraction Conference CY AUG 22-25, 1998 CL TECH UNIV, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Philips Analyt BV, Bruker Analyt X Ray Syst GmbH, Int Ctr Diffract Data, Int Union Crystallog, Hungarian Comm Tech Dev, Hungarian Acad Sci, GE Lighting Tungsram Rt, Chinoin Rt HO TECH UNIV DE neutron diffraction; Rietveld refinements; Ti3SiC2 AB Earlier high temperature structure analysis by neutron powder diffraction suggested that Si vacancies were created when Ti3SiC2 was heated. A specimen that was heated to 906 degrees C overnight was later examined at room temperature. For this subsequent room temperature data set refinement of the Si site occupancies in the Ti3SiC2 structure did not support the hypothesis that Si vacancies were being created when the sample was held at elevated temperatures in a vacuum furnace. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Rawn, CJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-847-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 321-3 BP 889 EP 892 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BQ57X UT WOS:000088849300149 ER PT S AU Leventouri, T Chakoumakos, BC Moghaddam, HY Perdikatsis, V AF Leventouri, T Chakoumakos, BC Moghaddam, HY Perdikatsis, V BE Delhez, R Mittemeijer, EJ TI Structural studies of a carbonate fluorapatite from powder neutron diffraction data SO EUROPEAN POWDER DIFFRACTION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th European Powder Diffraction Conference CY AUG 22-25, 1998 CL TECH UNIV, BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Philips Analyt BV, Bruker Analyt X Ray Syst GmbH, Int Ctr Diffract Data, Int Union Crystallog, Hungarian Comm Tech Dev, Hungarian Acad Sci, GE Lighting Tungsram Rt, Chinoin Rt HO TECH UNIV DE carbonate apatite; francolite; neutron diffraction; Rietveld refinement ID HYDROXYAPATITE AB Neutron powder diffraction data fi om 295K to 10 K of a natural carbonate fluorapatite (francolite) were refined to examine static versus dynamic disorder as revealed by the temperature dependence of the atomic displacement parameters (ADP). The refined P-O1 and P-O2 bond lengths are correspondingly similar to 4 % and 6% shorter than the P-O3 bonds. The deformation of the P-O tetrahedron can be explained by replacement of the larger P+5 ion by the smaller C+4 ion. As compared to fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite without carbonate the the ADP's in francolite for the tetrahedral and F sites are significantly larger and the Ca2, O1 and O3 sites are slightly larger, The temperature dependence of the ADP's indicate enhanced static disorder associated with the F, O3, and tetrahedral sites. C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inst Geol & Mineral Explorat, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. RP Leventouri, T (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RI Chakoumakos, Bryan/A-5601-2016 OI Chakoumakos, Bryan/0000-0002-7870-6543 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-847-8 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2000 VL 321-3 BP 924 EP 929 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BQ57X UT WOS:000088849300156 ER PT J AU Hupfeld, D Schweika, W Strempfer, J Mattenberger, K McIntyre, GJ Bruckel, T AF Hupfeld, D Schweika, W Strempfer, J Mattenberger, K McIntyre, GJ Bruckel, T TI Element-specific magnetic order and competing interactions in Gd0.8Eu0.2S SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE EXCHANGE SCATTERING; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SPIN; ALLOY AB We report on the determination of element-specific magnetic order for a Gd0.8Eu0.2S mixed crystal by means of X-ray resonance exchange scattering. For the first time, a different temperature dependence of the sublattice magnetization of two lanthanide ions was observed. With model calculations we were able to reproduce the measured temperature dependence of the reduced sublattice magnetization. We can show that competing magnetic interactions lead to the observed effects and can reveal the frustration mechanism. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. ETH Honggerberg, Labor Festkorperphys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforsch, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. RI Bruckel, Thomas/J-2968-2013 OI Bruckel, Thomas/0000-0003-1378-0416 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 49 IS 1 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1209/epl/i2000-00124-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 274TW UT WOS:000084782000015 ER PT J AU Beck, CW Powell, LA AF Beck, CW Powell, LA TI Evolution of female mate choice based on male age: Are older males better mates? SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE age effects; age-specific survival; female mate choice; genetic algorithm; genetic quality; good genes; life-history evolution; sexual selection ID MALE FIELD CRICKETS; SEXUAL SELECTION; PAIRING SUCCESS; PARASITE LOAD; MUTATION-RATE; COSTS; SIZE; RISK AB Many empirical studies suggest that females often prefer to mate with older males. It is generally assumed that females prefer older males because older males are of higher genetic quality. We used a viability-based simulation model to determine whether female preference for older mates is more likely to evolve than female preference for younger mates when males provide only sperm to females The results of our simulations suggest that female preference for young and intermediate age mates is more likely to evolve than a strong preference for older mates, and that female preference based on male age will not evolve if there is a cost associated with the preference. Therefore, based on the results of our model, female preferences for older mates cannot be explained by 'good genes' models of sexual selection. A comparison of our results with those of a previously published model suggest that whether female preference for older males can be explained by 'good genes' models of sexual selection depends on age-specific survival probabilities. When juvenile survival is high and adult survival is low, older males have higher mean viability than younger males. As a result, female preference for older males will evolve. In contrast, when juvenile survival is low and adult survival is high, mean viability does not differ among males of different ages. Therefore, female preference for older males is unlikely to evolve. The importance of age-specific survival rates in determining the importance of a 'good genes' process suggests that future studies of sexual selection should consider potential effects of life-history variation. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forest Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Beck, CW (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM cbeck@biology.emory.edu RI Powell, Larkin/G-4570-2010 NR 24 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 15 PU EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1522-0613 EI 1937-3791 J9 EVOL ECOL RES JI Evol. Ecol. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 2 IS 1 BP 107 EP 118 PG 12 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 279BF UT WOS:000085022900008 ER PT S AU Perkins, S Porter, R Harvey, N AF Perkins, S Porter, R Harvey, N BE Miller, J Thompson, A Thomson, P Fogarty, TC TI Everything on the chip: A hardware-based self-contained spatially-structured genetic algorithm for signal processing SO EVOLVABLE SYSTEMS: FROM BIOLOGY TO HARDWARE, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Evolvable Systems (ICES 2000) CY APR 17-19, 2000 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP Xilinx Inc, CyberLife, EvoNet, EvoElec Working Grp, Inst Electr Engineers, Univ Sussex, Univ Birmingham, Napier Univ AB Evolutionary algorithms are useful optimization tools but are very time consuming to run. We present a self-contained FPGA-based implementation of a spatially-structured evolutionary algorithm that provides significant speedup over conventional serial processing in three ways: (a) efficient hardware-pipelined fitness evaluation of individuals, (b) evaluation of an entire population of individuals in parallel, and (c) elimination of slow off-chip communication. We demonstrate using the system to solve a non-trivial signal reconstruction problem using a non-linear digital filter on a Xilinx Virtex FPGA, and find a speedup factor of over 1000 compared to a C implementation of the same system. The general principles behind the system are very scalable, and as FPGAs become even larger in the future, similar systems will provide extremely large speedups over serial processing. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perkins, S (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67338-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1801 BP 165 EP 174 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT02V UT WOS:000171691900017 ER PT J AU Song, J VanGinhoven, RM Corrales, LR Jonsson, H AF Song, J VanGinhoven, RM Corrales, LR Jonsson, H TI Self-trapped excitons at the quartz(0001) surface SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Discussion on Excited States at Surfaces CY SEP 04-06, 2000 CL UNIV NOTTINGHAM, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND HO UNIV NOTTINGHAM ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AMORPHOUS SIO2; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CRYSTALLINE QUARTZ; ENERGY; CATALYSTS; TRANSITION; GERMANIUM; FORMALISM; EXCHANGE AB We have studied self-trapped excitons in alpha -quartz using density functional theory (DFT), both in the crystal and at the (0001) surface. The excitons are triplet excited states that distort the crystal locally. They have a long lifetime, of the order of a millisecond, and become thermally equilibrated. We have calculated the drop in the exciton energy as it approaches the surface from the interior of the crystal. In the subsurface layer of the -OH terminated (0001) surface, the energy has dropped by 0.7 eV. Another 0.4 eV drop occurs as the exciton enters the surface layer, where it breaks off an OH radical. The drop in energy can be understood from the greater ease of structural distortion at the surface. These calculations illustrate that excitons formed in the bulk could migrate out to the surface and form chemically active surface species. Molecules adsorbed at the surface could also serve as traps for the excitons and could, in principle, be induced to undergo structural or chemical transitions. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem 351700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, EMSL, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Song, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem 351700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Jonsson, Hannes/G-2267-2013 OI Jonsson, Hannes/0000-0001-8285-5421 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2000 VL 117 BP 303 EP 311 DI 10.1039/b006289h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 387YH UT WOS:000166150300022 ER PT J AU Frischkorn, C Zanni, MT Davis, AV Neumark, DM AF Frischkorn, C Zanni, MT Davis, AV Neumark, DM TI Electron solvation dynamics in I-(NH3)(n) clusters SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID DIPOLE-BOUND ANIONS; NEGATIVELY CHARGED WATER; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; AMMONIA CLUSTERS; AB-INITIO; MICROSCOPIC SOLVATION; MOLECULAR-COMPLEXES; HYDRATED ELECTRON; FEMTOSECOND DYNAMICS; EXCESS ELECTRONS AB Femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy (FPES) is used to monitor the dynamics associated with the excitation of the charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) precursor states in I-(NH3)(n=4-15) clusters. The FPE spectra imply that the weakly bound excess electron in the excited state undergoes partial solvation via solvent rearrangement on a time scale of 0.5-2 ps, and this partially solvated state decays by electron emission on a 10-50 ps time scale. Both the extent of solvation and the lifetimes increase gradually with cluster size, in contrast to the more abrupt size-dependent effects previously observed in I-(H2O)(n) clusters. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Neumark, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zanni, Martin/K-2707-2013; Neumark, Daniel/B-9551-2009 OI Neumark, Daniel/0000-0002-3762-9473 NR 67 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0301-7249 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2000 VL 115 BP 49 EP 62 DI 10.1039/a909865h PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 342PQ UT WOS:000088654700004 ER PT J AU Baer, T Song, Y Liu, JB Chen, WW Ng, CY AF Baer, T Song, Y Liu, JB Chen, WW Ng, CY TI Pulsed field ionization-photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation: The heat of formation of the C2H5+ ion SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION THRESHOLD; PROTON AFFINITIES; RYDBERG STATES; ENERGY; DISSOCIATION; LIFETIMES; SPECTRUM; BENZENE; ONSET; N2O AB Pulsed field ionization photoelectron (PFI-PE) spectroscopy combined with ion coincidence detection has been used with multi-bunch synchrotron radiation at the Advance Light Source (ALS) to energy select ions and to measure their breakdown diagram. The resolution for ion state selection achieved with Ar+ (P-2(3/2,1/2)) employing this PFI-PE-photoion coincidence apparatus is 0.6 meV (full width at half maximum). The production of C2H5+ from C2H5Br was investigated near the dissociative photoionization limit with this pulsed field ionization-threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence (PFI-PEPICO) scheme. Although the PFI-PE spectra of C2H5Br, C2H5I, and benzene show that the production of ions in the Franck-Condon gap regions is quite low, the selectivity for PFI-PE detection and the suppression of prompt electrons is such that we can detect 1 PFI-PE out of 25000 total electrons s(-1). The derived C2H5+ heat of formation from the analysis of the C2H5Br+ breakdown diagram and a critical analysis of other results is 900.5 +/- 2.0 kJ mol(-1) at 298 K, or 913.2 +/- 2.0 kJ mol(-1) at 0 K. This leads to an ethylene proton affinity at 298 K of 682.0 kJ mol(-1). The measured IE of C2H5Br is 10.307 eV. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Baer, T (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0301-7249 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2000 VL 115 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1039/a909621c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 342PQ UT WOS:000088654700011 ER PT J AU Yencha, AJ Lopes, MCA King, GC Hochlaf, M Song, Y Ng, CY AF Yencha, AJ Lopes, MCA King, GC Hochlaf, M Song, Y Ng, CY TI Ion-pair formation observed in a pulsed-field ionization photoelectron spectroscopic study of HF SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID MULTIBUNCH SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; ENERGY-RANGE; RESOLVED PHOTOELECTRON; UV PHOTOELECTRON; RESOLUTION; ELECTRON; BANDS; DF; SPECTRUM; HCL AB The pulsed-field ionization (PFI) photoelectron (PE) spectrum of HF has been recorded at the chemical dynamics beamline of the advanced light source over the photon energy range 15.9-16.5 eV using a time-of-flight selection scheme at a resolution of 0.6 meV. Rotationally-resolved structure in the HF+(X (2)Pi(3/2, 1/2), upsilon(+) = 0, 1) band systems are assigned. The spectral appearance of these systems agrees with a previous VUV laser PFI-PE study. Importantly, extensive rotationally-resolved structure between these two vibrational band systems is also observed. This is attributed to ion-pair formation via Rydberg states converging on the upsilon(+) = 1 vibrational levels of the HF+(X (2)Pi(3/2, 1/2)) spin-orbit states. These Rydberg states are assigned to the (1)Sigma(+) part of the nd-complexes (sigma, pi and delta). Ion-pair formation is observed in this study by the detection of F- ions. Some partially rotationally-resolved structure in a previously published threshold photoelectron spectrum is similarly attributed to ion-pair formation (F- detection) through a combination of the v(+)=17 level of the (A (2)Sigma(+)) 3s sigma Rydberg state and the (X (2)Pi(3/2, 1/2), upsilon(+) = 1) 7d Rydberg states. On the basis of the present study, an accurate experimental value for the dissociation energy of the ground state of HF has been obtained, D-0(HF) = 5.8650(5) eV. C1 SUNY Albany, Dept Chem, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, ICE, Dept Fis, BR-36036330 Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil. Univ Manchester, Schuster Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Univ Marne La Vallee, Theoret Chem Grp, F-77454 Champs Sur Marne, France. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP King, GC (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Chem, Albany, NY 12222 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0301-7249 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 2000 VL 115 BP 355 EP 362 DI 10.1039/a909277c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 342PQ UT WOS:000088654700025 ER PT B AU Chang, SJ AF Chang, SJ BE Bache, MR Blackmore, PA Draper, J Edwards, JH Roberts, P Yates, JR TI Probability method of fracture for reactor life estimate SO FATIGUE 2000: FATIGUE & DURABILITY ASSESSMENT OF MATERIALS, COMP ONENTS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference of the Engineering-Integrity-Society CY APR 10-12, 2000 CL ROBINSON COLL, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP AEA Technol, Bodycote, Dartec, nCode, Measurements Grp, Safe Technol HO ROBINSON COLL ID VESSEL AB The state of reactor vessel steel embrittlement as a result of neutron irradiation is reflected by its increase in ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) in fracture toughness versus temperature curve. The increase in DBTT can be measured experimentally. Higher DBTT implies a decrease in fracture toughness and an increase in the chance of vessel fracture in brittle fracture mode. The extent of degradation that the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) vessel has experienced can be characterized by its probability of fracture. To ensure a continued operation safety of the HFIR under appropriate vessel pressure and temperature. a periodic hydrostatic tests (hydrotest) is performed. If the fracture probability on performing the hydrotest exceeds a certain imposed value. then the vessel can not be tested hydro-statically and, therefore, it determines the end of the lire of the reactor vessel. The conventional method of fracture probability calculations such as that adopted by the NRC-sponsored PRAISE CODE and the FAVOR CODE developed in this Laboratory are based on Monte Carlo simulation. Heavy computations are required. The preliminary version of a new method of fracture probability calculation has been developed by direct probability integration [I] and more detail is shown in this paper The present approach offers simple and expedient method to obtain numerical values of fracture probability and it retains all general features that a Monte Carlo simulation can possibly accomplish. This approach also provides a clear physical meaning on the probability of failure by fracture. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chang, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENGINEERING MATERIALS ADVISORY SERVICES LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA C/O NCODE, 230 WOODBOURN RD, SHEFFIELD S9 3LQ, ENGLAND BN 1-901537-16-1 PY 2000 BP 257 EP 266 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BR50R UT WOS:000166688600025 ER PT S AU McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K AF McCabe, DE Merkle, JG Wallin, K BE Jerina, KL Paris, PC TI Technical basis for the master curve concept of fracture toughness evaluations in the transition range SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 30TH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 23-25, 1998 CL WASHINGTON UNIV, ST LOUIS, MO HO WASHINGTON UNIV DE T-0; master curve; ASTM Standard E 1921; transition range; toughness; Weibull; pressure vessel steels AB An American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard method (E 1921-97) has been developed that exclusively uses fracture mechanics test practices and advanced statistical methods to establish the ductile-to-brittle transition range of fracture toughness for structural steels. The development of suitably accurate analyses had been slowed in the past due to an incomplete understanding of the operational mechanisms that control the fracture toughness behavior of structural steels. New perspectives taken are (1) that dominant linear-elastic conditions need not be rigidly enforced in specimens and (2) that the effect of specimen size on fracture toughness performance is mostly controlled by a weakest-link mechanism instead of being completely controlled by crack tip constraint conditions. The weakest-link behavior is defined from local cleavage crack initiators such as precipitates, inclusions, and grain boundary embrittlement, namely, all microstructural features in steel. Statistical models can be built upon such mechanisms that result in defined fracture probability levels and, when coupled to a master curve concept, can more accurately define the true location of the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature. An integral part of the ASTM test standard development work has been the production of a supporting technical basis document. This document presents substantial background data and supporting theoretical aspects that have been used to justify the method development. The paper will include some of the salient features presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McCabe, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2617-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1360 BP 21 EP 33 DI 10.1520/STP13392S PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA BP43D UT WOS:000085119500002 ER PT S AU Williams, PT Bass, BR McAfee, WJ AF Williams, PT Bass, BR McAfee, WJ BE Halford, GR Gallagher, JP TI Application of the Weibull methodology to a shallow-flaw cruciform bend specimen tested under biaxial loading conditions SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: 31ST VOL SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 21-24, 1999 CL CLEVELAND, OH SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat Comm E08 DE Weibull stress; local approach; cleavage fracture; biaxial loading; pressure vessels ID FRACTURE AB This paper describes the application of the Weibull methodology to the analysis of a shallow-flaw cruciform bend specimen tested under biaxial loading conditions. The cruciform bend fracture mechanics specimen was developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to introduce a far-field, out-of-plane biaxial bending stress component in the test section that approximates the nonlinear stresses resulting from pressurized-thermal-shock or pressure-temperature loading of a nuclear reactor pressure vessel (RPV). Tests with the cruciform specimen demonstrated that biaxial loading can have a pronounced effect on shallow-flaw fracture toughness in the lower transition temperature region for an RPV material. High-constraint deep-flaw compact tension C(T) and low-constraint shallow-flaw cruciform fracture toughness data were used to assess the ability of the Weibull methodology to predict the observed effects of biaxial loading on shallow-flaw fracture toughness. A new hydrostatic stress criterion along with five equivalent-stress criteria from the literature were selected to serve as candidate kernels in the integral formulation of the Weibull stress. Among these candidates, the hydrostatic stress criterion, derived from the first invariant of the Cauchy stress tensor, was determined to have the required sensitivity to multiaxial-loading states. In addition, a new calibration technique developed by researchers at the University of Illinois for determining the necessary Weibull parameters is applied to the C(T) and cruciform data. A three-parameter Weibull model based on the hydrostatic stress criterion is shown to predict the experimentally observed biaxial effect on cleavage fracture toughness by providing a scaling mechanism between uniaxial and biaxial loading states. In summary, the conclusions that can be drawn from this study are as follows: (1) With respect to its effect on Fracture toughness, the biaxial effect is a constraint effect. (2) A Weibull statistical fracture model has been successfully calibrated with uniaxial toughness data obtained from a conventional high-constraint C(T) specimen and a uniaxially loaded shallow-flaw cruciform that is effectively equivalent to a conventional shallow-flaw SE(B) specimen. (3) The calibrated fracture model was able to successfully predict the intermediate constraint-loss effects associated with two levels of biaxial loading. (4) These preliminary results at a single test temperature offer encouragement that complex multiaxial loading effects on transition region fracture toughness can be predicted with statistical fracture models developed using data obtained from conventional specimens. (5) Future work is required to investigate these effects at other temperatures within the transition region. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Williams, PT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009,MS-8056, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2868-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2000 VL 1389 BP 242 EP 270 DI 10.1520/STP14804S PG 29 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BR58R UT WOS:000166855300014 ER PT J AU Somerday, BP Young, LM Gangloff, RP AF Somerday, BP Young, LM Gangloff, RP TI Crack tip mechanics effects on environment-assisted cracking of beta-titanium alloys in aqueous NaCl SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE titanium alloys; stress corrosion cracking; hydrogen embrittlement; threshold stress intensity; crack propagation; crack tip strain rate ID BETA+ALPHA TITANIUM; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; STRAIN-RATE; STRENGTH; FATIGUE; TI-8V-6CR-4MO-4ZR-3AL; PROPAGATION; STATIONARY; INITIATION; GROWTH AB The objective of this research is to understand the effects of crack tip mechanics on environment-assisted cracking (EAC) of alpha-precipitation hardened beta-Ti alloys. Precracked Ti-8V-6Cr-4Mo-4Zr-3Al and Ti-15Mo-3Nb-3Al are prone to severe EAC in aqueous NaCl when stressed under fixed or rising displacement. The latter is more damaging and establishes a lower bound threshold of the stress intensity (K) well below K-IC EAC is intergranular and occurs at fast growth rates (da/dt, up to 150 mu m/s) for five orders of magnitude of loading rate, dK/dt. Cracking, due to hydrogen-environment embrittlement, is rate limited by lattice diffusion of hydrogen. EAC at fast da/dt or high dK/dt requires process zone embrittlement sites very near to the crack tip or enhanced H transport. Subcritical da/dt versus K depends on loading format through crack tip strain rate ((epsilon) over dot(CT)) differences governed by dK/dt, da/dt and creep. A continuum model approximates the contributions of dLK/dt and da/dt to (epsilon) over dot(CT) and EAC, but it is inconsistent with in situ measurements of crack tip strain. Intergranular cracking is exacerbated by high (epsilon) over dot(CT) that destabilizes the crack tip passive film and enables hydrogen uptake from an electrochemical reaction. EAC is mitigated when (epsilon) over dot(CT) is insufficient in these regards. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. RP Somerday, BP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 77 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 8756-758X EI 1460-2695 J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 23 IS 1 BP 39 EP 58 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 286TK UT WOS:000085461600005 ER PT S AU Li, TK Hsu, ST Gao, YF Engelhard, M AF Li, TK Hsu, ST Gao, YF Engelhard, M BE Schwartz, RW McIntyre, PC Miyasaka, Y Summerfelt, SR Wouters, D TI The microstructure, phase and ferroelectric properties of PZT thin films on oriented multilayer electrodes SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS VIII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectric Thin Films VIII at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Aixtron AG, ATMI, NEC Corp, Sharp, STMicroelectr ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION AB Three kinds of oriented electrodes of Pt, Ir and Pt/Ir electrodes were prepared using electron beam evaporation techniques for deposition of PZT thin films. An oxide MOCVD reactor with liquid delivery system was used for the growth of PZT thin films. [Pb(thd)2], Zr(TMHD)(4) and Ti(IPO)(4) were dissolved in a mixed solvent of tetrahydrofuran or butyl ether isopropanol and tetraglyme to form a precursor source. The deposition temperature and pressure were 500 - 650 degreesC and 5 - 10 Torr, respectively. The experimental results showed PZT thin him deposited on various electrodes had different phase formation, microstructure and ferroelectric property. The X-ray patterns showed the perovskite phase of PZT was formed on both Ir and Pt/Ir electrodes at 550 degreesC. The grain size of the PZT thin film increases after a further, higher temperature annealing. The as-deposited PZT thin film on Pt electrode exhibits pyrochlore phase at 550 degreesC. The phase is transformed to perovskite phase after 650 degreesC annealing. The experimental results also indicated that the MOCVD PZT thin film on Pt/Ir exhibits better ferroelectric and electrical properties compared to those deposited on Pt and Ir electrodes. A 300 nm thick PZT thin film on Pt/Ir electrode has a square, well saturated, and symmetrical hysteresis loop with 2Pr value of 40 muC/cm(2) and 2Ec of 73 kV/cm at an applied voltage of 5 V. The hysteresis loop of the PZT thin film is almost saturated at 2 V. The leakage current of the film is 6.16 x 10(-7) A/cm(2) at 100 KV/cm. The electrode effects on ferroelectric properties of PZT thin films also have been investigated. C1 Sharp Labs Amer Inc, Camas, WA 98607 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, TK (reprint author), Sharp Labs Amer Inc, 5700 NW Pacific Rim Blvd, Camas, WA 98607 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-504-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 596 BP 199 EP 204 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BR01U UT WOS:000165400000029 ER PT S AU Baumann, PK Bai, GR Streiffer, SK Auciello, O Ghosh, K Stemmer, S Munkholm, A Thompson, C Kim, DJ Maria, JP Kingon, AI AF Baumann, PK Bai, GR Streiffer, SK Auciello, O Ghosh, K Stemmer, S Munkholm, A Thompson, C Kim, DJ Maria, JP Kingon, AI BE Schwartz, RW McIntyre, PC Miyasaka, Y Summerfelt, SR Wouters, D TI Ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of MOCVD Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-PbTiO3 epitaxial thin films SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS VIII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectric Thin Films VIII at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Aixtron AG, ATMI, NEC Corp, Sharp, STMicroelectr ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB We have grown epitaxial Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 (PMN) and (1-x)(Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3)x(PbTiO3) (PMN-PT) thin films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at 700 - 780 degreesC on (100) SrTiO3 and SrRuO3/SrTiO3 substrates. The zero-bias permittivity and loss measured at room temperature and 10 kHz for 220 nm thick pure PMN films were 900 and 1.5%, respectively. For PMN-PT films, the small-signal permittivity ranged from 1000 to 1500 depending on deposition conditions and Ti content; correspondingly low values for the zero-bias dielectric loss between 1 and 5% were determined for all specimens; For PMN-PT with x of approximately 0.30-0.35, polarization hysteresis with P(r)approximate to 18 muC/cm(2) was obtained. Initial piezoresponse data are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Baumann, PK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009; OI Thompson, Carol/0000-0003-3832-4855 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-504-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 596 BP 517 EP 522 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BR01U UT WOS:000165400000076 ER PT J AU Farhi, E Tagantsev, AK Hehlen, B Currat, R Boatner, LA Courtens, E AF Farhi, E Tagantsev, AK Hehlen, B Currat, R Boatner, LA Courtens, E TI The extra brillouin doublets and central peak of KTaO3: Second sound vs. two-phonon difference scattering SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Meeting on Ferroelectricity (EMF-9) CY JUL 12-16, 1999 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Dept Dielect, Gordon & Breach, Int Journal Ferroelect DE quantum paraelectrics; inelastic neutron and Brillouin scattering; second sound; two-phonon difference scattering; phonon-density-fluctuation processes ID SRTIO3; 4-K AB Low-T Brillouin spectra of the incipient ferroelectric KTaO3 exhibit a broad central peak (CP), and additional Brillouin doublets (BD), that can both be related to phonon-density fluctuations. On the basis of new high-resolution neutron data obtained of low-lying phonon branches, we analysed the phonon-kinetics mechanisms that are possibly the origin of these unusual features. Firstly, transverse acoustic (TA) phonons whose normal damping is faster than the ED frequency can produce hydrodynamic second sound. Secondly, two-phonon difference scattering from low damping thermal transverse phonons contribute to the spectra with either a sharp or a broader doublet, depending on the phonon group velocity and anisotropy of dispersion surfaces. The position of the observed sharp doublet is consistent with both mechanisms, but a comparison of the computed and experimental anisotropies favours the second process. C1 Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Verres, F-34095 Montpellier, France. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Ceram, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Verres, F-34095 Montpellier, France. RI Tagantsev, Alexander/E-3707-2010; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2000 VL 239 IS 1-4 BP 895 EP 902 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 333PK UT WOS:000088138300005 ER PT J AU Trepakov, VA Savinov, ME Kapphan, S Vikhnin, VS Jastrabik, L Boatner, LA AF Trepakov, VA Savinov, ME Kapphan, S Vikhnin, VS Jastrabik, L Boatner, LA TI Dielectric properties and phase transitions in K1-xLixTa1-yNbyO3 : Cu SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Meeting on Ferroelectricity (EMF-9) CY JUL 12-16, 1999 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Dept Dielect, Gordon & Breach, Int Journal Ferroelect DE KTaO3 : Li plus Nb; dielectric properties; phase transitions ID IMPURITY AB The epsilon'(T,f) and tan [delta(T,f)] (10-300 K, 100 Hz - 1 MHz) behavior is studied in K1.xLixTa1-yNbyO3:Cu (0.012 %wt. in batch) with estimated x(1) = 0.0014, y = 0.024 (KLTN 0.14/2.4) and x(2) = 0.0028, y(2) = 0.013 (KLTN 0.28/1.3). In KLTN 0.14/2.4 a strong dipole relaxation is found in the 40-80 K region, with epsilon'(T)(max) = 16 000 at 47 K for 100 Hz, and a phase transition dominated by the soft mode coupled with a relaxation freezing mode is displayed at 39 K. Below, at 15.5 K, a nondispersive epsilon'(T) cusp-shaped maximum with epsilon'(T)(max) approximate to 25 000 was found. KLTN 0.28/1.3 reveals a similar behavior, namely, Li+-related dielectric dispersion with epsilon'(T)(max) = 8300 at 47 K For 100 Hz, and a phase transition at similar to 35 K. At lower temperatures, epsilon' increases with a weak shoulder at similar to 27 K. The so-called "277" species of KLTN:Cu (1900 ppm), with x = 0.001, y = 0.025 stated by content analysis, whose unusual properties were marked recently([1,2]), reveal a sharp phase transition, accompanied by dielectric dispersion with a very high epsilon'(T)(max) approximate to 86000 and increased conductivity in the transition region. C1 AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. Inst Phys AS CR, Prague 18121 8, Czech Republic. Univ Osnabruck, FB Phys, D-49069 Osnabruck, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, Politekhnicheskaya 26, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RI Trepakov, Vladimir/H-1352-2014; Jastrabik, Lubomir /H-1217-2014; Savinov, Maxim/H-2417-2014; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 EI 1563-5112 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2000 VL 239 IS 1-4 BP 1175 EP 1182 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 333PK UT WOS:000088138300040 ER PT J AU Noheda, B Gonzalo, JA Caballero, AC Moure, C Cox, DE Shirane, G AF Noheda, B Gonzalo, JA Caballero, AC Moure, C Cox, DE Shirane, G TI New features of the morphotropic phase boundary in the Pb(Zr1-xTix)O-3 system SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Meeting on Ferroelectricity (EMF-9) CY JUL 12-16, 1999 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Phys, Dept Dielect, Gordon & Breach, Int Journal Ferroelect DE ferroelectrics; PZT; structure; perovskite; monoclinic phase; morphotropic phase boundary ID PB(ZRXTI1-X)O-3 CERAMICS; COEXISTENCE AB Recently a new monoclinic phase in the Pb(Zr1-xTix)O-3 ceramic system has been reported by Noheda et al.([1]) For a composition of x=0.48. In this work, samples with Ti contents x=0.47 and 0.50, which are both tetragonal below their Curie point, have been investigated. In the sample with x=0.50, the tetragonal phase was found to transform to a monoclinic phase at about 200 K as the temperature was lowered. The sample with x=0.47 showed a complicated region of phase coexistence between similar to 440K-320K, becoming rhombohedral at around 300 K. No further symmetry change was found down to 20K. Dielectric measurements for these two samples are also reported. On the basis of these results, a preliminary phase diagram is presented. Optimum compositional homogeneity is needed to properly characterize the new monoclinic region. C1 Univ Autonoma Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. CSIC, Inst Ceram & Vidrio, Madrid 28500, Spain. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Noheda, B (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RI Caballero, Amador/L-9165-2014 OI Caballero, Amador/0000-0002-0571-6302 NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 13 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 2000 VL 237 IS 1-4 BP 541 EP 548 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 333PF UT WOS:000088137900031 ER PT S AU Chen, JP AF Chen, JP CA Jefferson Lab E94 010 Collaboratio BE Oryu, S Kamimura, M Ishikawa, S TI Measurements of Q(2) evolution of the GDH sum rule and the spin structure of the He-3 and the neutron SO FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS '99 SE FEW-BODY SYSTEMS SUPPLEMENTUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Asian-Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics CY AUG 23-28, 1999 CL SCI UNIV TOKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Sci Univ Tokyo, Frontier Res Ctr Computat Sci, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Osaka Univ, Res Ctr Nucl Phys, Inoue Fdn Sci, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Sun Microsyst KK, Fuji Zerox HO SCI UNIV TOKYO AB We have recently completed experiment E94-010 at Jefferson Lab. The experiment used a polarized He-3 target and polarized electron beam to measure asymmetries and cross sections for He-3(e, e') from threshold to deep inelastic region, covering the quasielastic and the resonance region. The Q(2) range covered is from 0.03 to 1 GeV2. From these data, the He-3 and the neutron spin structure and the Q(2) evolution of the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) sum rule will be studied This is the first measurement of the Q(2) evolution of the GDH sum rule. Preliminary results are presented. Plan for future study on this subject at Jefferson Lab is discussed. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chen, JP (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-8811 BN 3-211-83503-2 J9 FEW BODY SY PY 2000 VL 12 BP 281 EP 286 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BR55D UT WOS:000166770100049 ER PT S AU Saha, A AF Saha, A CA JLab Hall A Collaboration BE Oryu, S Kamimura, M Ishikawa, S TI Measurement of elastic electron-deuteron scattering at large momentum transfers SO FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS '99 SE FEW-BODY SYSTEMS SUPPLEMENTUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Asian-Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics CY AUG 23-28, 1999 CL SCI UNIV TOKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Sci Univ Tokyo, Frontier Res Ctr Computat Sci, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Osaka Univ, Res Ctr Nucl Phys, Inoue Fdn Sci, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Sun Microsyst KK, Fuji Zerox HO SCI UNIV TOKYO ID ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION A(Q(2)); MESON-EXCHANGE CURRENTS AB Coincidence measurements of elastic electron-deuteron cross sections have been performed in the range of Q(2) between 0.7 and 6.0 (GeV/c)(2). The extracted values of the deuteron electric structure function [A(Q(2))] in this kinematic range are presented. Values of the deuteron magnetic structure function [B(Q(2))] in the range 0.7 less than or equal to Q(2) less than or equal to 1.3 (GeV/c)(2) were also extracted and preliminary values are presented. These data are compared with theoretical predictions of both nucleon-meson and quark-gluon based models. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Saha, A (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-8811 BN 3-211-83503-2 J9 FEW BODY SY PY 2000 VL 12 BP 302 EP 310 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BR55D UT WOS:000166770100053 ER PT S AU Gibson, BF AF Gibson, BF BE Oryu, S Kamimura, M Ishikawa, S TI Few-body problems in physics '99 - Proceedings of the 1st Asian-Pacific Conference, Tokyo, Japan, August 23-28, 1999 - Concluding remarks SO FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS '99 SE FEW-BODY SYSTEMS SUPPLEMENTUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Asian-Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics CY AUG 23-28, 1999 CL SCI UNIV TOKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Sci Univ Tokyo, Frontier Res Ctr Computat Sci, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Osaka Univ, Res Ctr Nucl Phys, Inoue Fdn Sci, Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Sun Microsyst KK, Fuji Zerox HO SCI UNIV TOKYO AB This represents the author's personal perspective regarding the ideas presented at this first Asia Pacific Conference on Felv-Body Problems in Physics. It is not a summary talk in the traditional sense, but is a set of remarks emphasizing physics not speakers. Many of the talks covered results of those other than the speaker, and the ideas discussed will hopefully outlive those bringing the ideas to life. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gibson, BF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-8811 BN 3-211-83503-2 J9 FEW BODY SY PY 2000 VL 12 BP 505 EP 512 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BR55D UT WOS:000166770100092 ER PT J AU Parker, EP Trahan, MW Wagner, JS Rosenthal, SE Whitten, WB Gieray, RA Reilly, PTA Lazar, AC Ramsey, JM AF Parker, EP Trahan, MW Wagner, JS Rosenthal, SE Whitten, WB Gieray, RA Reilly, PTA Lazar, AC Ramsey, JM TI Detection and classification of individual airborne microparticles using laser ablation mass spectroscopy and multivariate analysis SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE airborne bacteria; microparticles; laser ablation mass spectroscopy; multivariate analysis ID REAL-TIME DETECTION; BIOLOGICAL PARTICLES; BACTERIAL-CELLS; SPECTROMETRY; FLUORESCENCE; BIOAEROSOLS; MICROORGANISMS; ENVIRONMENTS; INSTRUMENT; ANALYZER AB We are developing a method for the real-time analysis of airborne microparticles based on laser-ablation mass spectroscopy. Airborne particles enter an ion trap mass spectrometer through a differentially pumped inlet, are detected by light scattered from two continuous-wave (CW) laser beams, and sampled by a 10-ns excimer laser pulse at 308 nm as they pass through the center of the ion trap electrodes. Following the laser pulse the stored ions are mass analyzed with the use of conventional ion trap methods. In this work thousands of positive and negative ion spectra were collected for 18 different samples: six species of bacteria, six types of pollen, and six types of particulate matter. The data were averaged and analyzed with the use of the multivariate patch algorithm (MPA), a variant of traditional multivariate analysis. The MPA successfully differentiated between all of the average positive ion spectra and 17 of the 18 average negative ion spectra. In addition, when the average positive and negative spectra were combined the MPA correctly identified all 18 types of particles. Finally, the MPA is also able to identify the components of computer-synthesized mixtures of spectra from the samples studied. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using a less-specific real-time analytical monitoring technique to detect substantial changes in the background concentration of environmental organisms, indicating that a more selective assay should be initiated. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Laser & Computat Initiat 15334, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Z Pinch Phys & Power Flow 1644, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Laser Spect & Microinstrumentat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Parker, EP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Laser & Computat Initiat 15334, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 2000 VL 4 IS 1 BP 31 EP 42 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(2000)4:1<31::AID-FACT4>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 285FY UT WOS:000085380100004 ER PT J AU Hart, KJ Wise, MB Griest, WH Lammert, SA AF Hart, KJ Wise, MB Griest, WH Lammert, SA TI Design, development, and performance of a fieldable chemical and biological agent detector SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fieldable mass spectrometer; ion trap; chemical agents; biological agents; pyrolysis; aerosol detection ID PYROLYSIS MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIFFERENTIATION AB A detector based on an ion trap mass spectrometer is being developed for the U.S. Army for battlefield detection of both chemical and biological weapons (CW/BW). The primary operating modes for this instrument are selected via a multiport valve that directs the sample flow into the detector from one of several inlets designed to admit volatilized chemical agents, liquid chemical agents on the ground, or aerosolized particles that may contain a biological agent. The instrument is designed to be highly sensitive in order to minimize false negatives; it therefore makes use of an ion trap mass spectrometer as the detector. Significant effort is also being placed on efficient sample transmission using deactivated sample transport lines and in situ derivatization of the less volatile BW biomarkers. In addition to being sensitive, the instrument must be highly selective in order to minimize false positives. Particle-size discrimination, chemical ionization, and MS/MS experiments combine to provide a high degree of chemical selectivity. Fatty-acid standards, gamma-killed bacteria, dimethylmethylphosphonate, and methyl salicylate have been analyzed with the use of a preproduction instrument to demonstrate the primary operating modes of this instrument. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lammert, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008-MS 6120, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 2000 VL 4 IS 2-3 BP 93 EP 110 DI 10.1002/1520-6521(2000)4:2/3<93::AID-FACT4>3.0.CO;2-W PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 329PR UT WOS:000087916500004 ER PT S AU Borozdin, KN Priedhorsky, WC Revnivtsev, MG Emelyanov, AN Trudolyubov, SP Titarchuk, LG Vikhlinin, AA AF Borozdin, KN Priedhorsky, WC Revnivtsev, MG Emelyanov, AN Trudolyubov, SP Titarchuk, LG Vikhlinin, AA BE McConnell, ML Ryan, JM TI Observations of some X-ray transients with RXTE SO FIFTH COMPTON SYMPOSIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Compton Symposium CY SEP 15-17, 1999 CL UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, PORTSMOUTH, NH SP Univ New Hampshire, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Compton Gamma-Ray Observ Sci Support Ctr HO UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE ID XTE J0421+560; SCORPIUS; OUTBURST AB We present results of observations of several X-ray transients with RXTE in 1996-1998, namely, GRS 1739-278, XTE J1748-288, GS 1354-64, 2S1803-245 and XTE J0421+560 (CI Cam). We studied light curves and spectra of their outbursts and compared them with observations of other X-ray transients. Ne discuss fits of high state spectra with BMC model, and similarities and differences between black holes and neutron stars in their low state. Special attention is paid to CI Cam as possible legate for new class of X-ray transients. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borozdin, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-932-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 510 BP 143 EP 147 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ14E UT WOS:000087291800027 ER PT S AU Vestrand, WT Sreekumar, P Bertsch, D Hartman, R Thompson, DJ Kanbach, G AF Vestrand, WT Sreekumar, P Bertsch, D Hartman, R Thompson, DJ Kanbach, G BE McConnell, ML Ryan, JM TI A "snapshot"' survey of the gamma-ray sky at GeV energies SO FIFTH COMPTON SYMPOSIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Compton Symposium CY SEP 15-17, 1999 CL UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE, PORTSMOUTH, NH SP Univ New Hampshire, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Compton Gamma-Ray Observ Sci Support Ctr HO UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE ID MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; FLARE; PKS-2155-304; MARKARIAN-501 AB The giant outbursts of GeV emission observed from some blazars pose a significant challenge to our understanding of blazar emission mechanisms. Unfortunately, the giant outbursts of GeV emission from blazars are not always predictable from observations in other energy bands. Here we describe a strategy that will be employed during Cycle 9 of the CGRO observing program which will allow us to search the sky for intense outbursts of GeV emission while having a minimal impact on the CGRO observing schedule and remaining spark chamber gas. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vestrand, WT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-932-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 510 BP 611 EP 615 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ14E UT WOS:000087291800115 ER PT B AU Stichman, JH AF Stichman, JH GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Engineering ethics: Principles and practical MAXIMS SO FIFTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE 2000) CY NOV 15-17, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE Comp Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stichman, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0927-4 PY 2000 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR28C UT WOS:000166001800001 ER PT B AU Stichman, JH AF Stichman, JH GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI On how symposia can be structured to benefit academia and industry SO FIFTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE 2000) CY NOV 15-17, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE Comp Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stichman, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0927-4 PY 2000 BP 51 EP 52 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR28C UT WOS:000166001800009 ER PT B AU Wickstrom, GL AF Wickstrom, GL GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI A flexible real-time architecture SO FIFTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE 2000) CY NOV 15-17, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE Comp Soc AB Assuming hard real-time characteristics of I/O associated with embedded software is often a difficult task. Input-Output related statements are often intermixed with the computational code, resulting in I/O timing that is dependent on the execution path and computational load. One way to mitigate this problem is through the use of interrupts. However, the non-determinism that is introduced by interrupt driven I/O may be so difficult to analyze that it is prohibited in some high consequence systems. This paper describes a balanced hardware/software solution to obtain consistent, interrupt-free I/O timing, and results in software that is much more amenable to analysis. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Surety Elect & Software Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wickstrom, GL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Surety Elect & Software Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0927-4 PY 2000 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1109/HASE.2000.895447 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR28C UT WOS:000166001800015 ER PT B AU McCoy, JA AF McCoy, JA GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI An embedded system for safe, secure and reliable execution of high consequence software SO FIFTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE 2000) CY NOV 15-17, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE Comp Soc AB As more complex and functionally diverse requirements are placed on high consequence embedded applications, ensuring safe and secure operation requires an ultra-reliable execution environment. The selection of an embedded processor and its development environment has the most far-reaching effects on the production of the system than any other element in the design. This choice ripples through the remainder of the hardware design and profoundly affects the entire software development process. Experience indicates an object oriented (OO) methodology provides a superior development environment. However, embedded programming languages do not directly support OO techniques. Furthermore, the processors themselves do not support nor enforce an OO environment. This paper describes a system level architecture for an object aware processor targeted at high consequence embedded applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Surety Elect & Software Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McCoy, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Surety Elect & Software Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0927-4 PY 2000 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1109/HASE.2000.895448 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR28C UT WOS:000166001800016 ER PT B AU Dalton, LJ AF Dalton, LJ GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI First principles applied to software safety - The novel use of silicon machinery SO FIFTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on High Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE 2000) CY NOV 15-17, 2000 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE Comp Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dalton, LJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0927-4 PY 2000 BP 216 EP 218 DI 10.1109/HASE.2000.895465 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR28C UT WOS:000166001800033 ER PT S AU Wright, SJ AF Wright, SJ BE Malone, MF Trainham, JA TI Algorithms and software for linear and nonlinear programming SO FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FOUNDATIONS OF COMPUTER-AIDED PROCESS DESIGN SE AICHE SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Chemical Process Design CY JUL 19-24, 1999 CL BRECKENRIDGE, CO SP Comp Aids Chem Engn Educ, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Comp & Syst Technol Div DE optimization; linear programming; nonlinear programming; integer programming; software ID AUTOMATIC DIFFERENTIATION AB The past ten years have been a time of remarkable developments in software tools for solving optimization problems. There have been algorithmic advances in such areas as linear programming and integer programming which have now borne fruit in the form of more powerful codes. The advent of modeling languages has made the process of formulating the problem and invoking the software much easier, and the explosion in computational power of hardware has made it possible to solve large, difficult problems in a short amount of time on desktop machines. A user community that is growing rapidly in size and sophistication is driving these developments. In this article, we discuss the state of the art in algorithms for linear and nonlinear programming and its relevance to production codes. We describe some representative software packages and modeling languages and give pointers to web sites that contain more complete information. We also mention computational servers for online solution of optimization problems. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wright, SJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0065-8812 BN 0-8169-0826-5 J9 AICHE SYM S PY 2000 VL 96 IS 323 BP 58 EP 69 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR66R UT WOS:000167109300007 ER PT B AU Gustafson, J AF Gustafson, J BE Rojas, R Hashagen, U TI Reconstruction of the Atanasoff-Berry computer SO FIRST COMPUTERS-HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURES SE History of Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the History of Computing CY AUG, 1998 CL HEINZ NIXDORF MUSEUMS FORUM, PADERBORN, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch GmbH, Freie Univ Berlin HO HEINZ NIXDORF MUSEUMS FORUM AB The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) introduced electronic binary logic in the late 1930s. It was also the first to use dynamically refreshed capacitors for storage, as in current RAM. Perhaps most astonishing is that it was parallel, supporting up to 30 simultaneous operations. Yet, it had far fewer parts than the serial computers that followed in the 1940s. Atanasoff and Berry completed the computer by 1942, but it was later dismantled. Only a few parts of the original computer remain. In 1994, a team of engineers, scientists, and students at Iowa State University/Ames Laboratory began rebuilding the ABC. We demonstrated the functioning replica on October 8, 1997. In this paper, I describe the computer in modern computer architectural terms to facilitate technology comparison. While patent applications, purchase orders, and photographs gave much information for the reconstruction, a number of mysteries about the computer were solved only as a result of the effort to reproduce it. The answers to those mysteries are presented here for the first time. C1 Ames Lab, Ames, IA USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA FIVE CAMBRIDGE CENTER, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA BN 0-262-18197-5 J9 HIST COMPUT-MIT PRES PY 2000 BP 91 EP 106 PG 16 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA BQ98U UT WOS:000165281300006 ER PT B AU Haiman, Z AF Haiman, Z BE Weiss, A Abel, TG Hill, V TI The radiative feedback from the first stars and quasars and the end of the dark age SO FIRST STARS SE ESO ASTROPHYSICS SYMPOSIA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MPA/ESO Workshop on the First Stars CY AUG 04-06, 1999 CL GARCHING, GERMANY SP MPA, European So Observ ID HUBBLE DEEP FIELD; GALAXIES AB In hierarchical models of structure formation, an early cosmic UV background (UVB) is produced by the small (T-vir less than or similar to 10(4)K) halos that collapse before cosmological reionization. If the first collapsed halos harbor stars, then their UV flux below 13.6 eV photo-dissociates the molecular hydrogen Hz in subsequently collapsing halos within a large sphere of influence. This causes a pause in the cosmic star-formation history: the buildup of the UVB and the epoch of reionization are delayed until larger halos (Tvir greater than or similar to 10(4)K) collapse. In contrast, if the small halos harbor mini-quasars with hard spectra extending to similar to 1keV, then their X-rays balance the effects of the UVB, the negative feedback does not occur, and reionization can be caused early on by the small halos. C1 NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Haiman, Z (reprint author), NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 3-540-67222-2 J9 ESO ASTROPHY SYMP PY 2000 BP 219 EP 224 DI 10.1007/10719504_42 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Chemistry; Physics GA BQ54S UT WOS:000088721200042 ER PT S AU Shea, LE Walko, RJ AF Shea, LE Walko, RJ BE Chalamala, BR Friend, RH Jackson, TN Libsch, FR TI Performing accurate cathodoluminescence measurements of phosphor powders and screens SO FLAT-PANEL DISPLAYS AND SENSORS: PRINCIPLES, MATERIALS AND PROCESSES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Flat-Panel Displays and Sensors-Principles, Materials and Processes held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 04-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Kurt J Lesker Co, Motorola Inc, Omicron Associates, Univ Maryland, Univ N Texas, Varian Vacuum Prod AB In the field of display phosphors, the efficiency of the cathodoluminescence process is a characteristic that is often used to assess the potential of a phosphor for use in flat-panel display applications such as field emission displays (FEDs). Cathodoluminescence characterization in a demountable vacuum chamber is important for preliminary evaluation and lifetesting of phosphor powders and screens prior to incorporation into an actual display device. There an many experimental factors that influence accurate measurement and calculation of the cathodoluminescence efficiency. These include electron beam profile (uniform, Gaussian), current density, electron accelerating voltage, secondary electron collection, and optical detection system. This paper will present some methods for achieving improved accuracy of cathodoluminescence measurements in systems at Sandia National Laboratories, using Y2O3:Eu as a representative phosphor. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shea, LE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-465-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 558 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BQ34L UT WOS:000088056900001 ER PT S AU Toet, D Smith, PM Sigmon, TW Thompson, MO AF Toet, D Smith, PM Sigmon, TW Thompson, MO BE Chalamala, BR Friend, RH Jackson, TN Libsch, FR TI A new laser printing technique for the fabrication of thin film transistors SO FLAT-PANEL DISPLAYS AND SENSORS: PRINCIPLES, MATERIALS AND PROCESSES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Flat-Panel Displays and Sensors-Principles, Materials and Processes held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 04-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Kurt J Lesker Co, Motorola Inc, Omicron Associates, Univ Maryland, Univ N Texas, Varian Vacuum Prod ID METAL-DEPOSITION; EXCIMER-LASER AB We present a new technique for the spatially selective deposition, or "printing", of materials such as Si and Al. This transfer is effected by irradiating a hydrogenated amorphous silicon film deposited on a quartz substrate and coated with the material to be transferred with an excimer laser pulse. The resulting release and accumulation of hydrogen at the film/substrate interface generates pressures sufficient to propel the silicon, as well as any overlying material, onto an adjacent glass receptor wafer. Transient optical transmission measurements performed during the transfer of Si indicate that the amorphous film is melted by the laser pulse and breaks into droplets during ejection. These droplets travel towards the host substrate with a velocity of about 800 m/s and coalesce upon arrival. For fluences above 400 mJ/cm(2), the resulting films adhere well to the receptors and can be smoothed using a second laser irradiation. We fabricated thin film transistors (TFTs) in the printed-and-smoothed Si using conventional lithography. The resulting devices show consistent switching behavior. We have also printed Si and Al lines with widths 5 to 15 mu m by patterning the laser beam using a reflective grating mask defined on the target substrate. These lines are straight, show few discontinuities, and have sharp edges. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Toet, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-271, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-465-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 558 BP 213 EP 224 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BQ34L UT WOS:000088056900030 ER PT S AU Partee, J Frankevich, EL Uhlhorn, B Shinar, J Ding, Y Barton, TJ AF Partee, J Frankevich, EL Uhlhorn, B Shinar, J Ding, Y Barton, TJ BE Chalamala, BR Friend, RH Jackson, TN Libsch, FR TI Frequency resolved photoluminescence (PL), delayed fluorescence and triplet-triplet annihilation in pi-conjugated polymers SO FLAT-PANEL DISPLAYS AND SENSORS: PRINCIPLES, MATERIALS AND PROCESSES SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Flat-Panel Displays and Sensors-Principles, Materials and Processes held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 04-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Kurt J Lesker Co, Motorola Inc, Omicron Associates, Univ Maryland, Univ N Texas, Varian Vacuum Prod ID DETECTED MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PHOTOEXCITED STATES; POLY(PARA-PHENYLENE VINYLENE); OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITON DYNAMICS; POLARON PAIRS; POLY(PARAPHENYLENEVINYLENE) AB The delayed fluorescence of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(p-phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) derivative solids and frozen solutions at 20 K is described. It provides strong evidence for triplet-triplet annihilation to singlets excitons accounting for up to similar to 3% of the total emission in PPV films and similar to 1.5% in PPE powder. It also yields triplet lifetimes of 70 and 110 ys in PPV films and frozen solutions, and similar to 200 and similar to 500 mu s in PPE powder and frozen solutions, respectively. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-465-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 558 BP 491 EP 496 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BQ34L UT WOS:000088056900072 ER PT S AU Dinh, LN McLean, W Schildbach, MA Balooch, M AF Dinh, LN McLean, W Schildbach, MA Balooch, M BE Chalamala, BR Friend, RH Jackson, TN Libsch, FR TI Properties of Si/Cs/O nanocluster thin films with negative electron affinity SO FLAT-PANEL DISPLAYS AND SENSORS: PRINCIPLES, MATERIALS AND PROCESSES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Flat-Panel Displays and Sensors-Principles, Materials and Processes held at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 04-09, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, IBM TJ Watson Res Ctr, Kurt J Lesker Co, Motorola Inc, Omicron Associates, Univ Maryland, Univ N Texas, Varian Vacuum Prod ID FIELD-EMISSION; EMITTER ARRAYS; POROUS SI; DIAMOND; SURFACE; SILICON; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; PHOTOEMISSION; PHOTOCATHODES; NITRIDE AB Thin films of Si/Cs/O nanoclusters have been synthesized by the technique of supersaturated thermal vaporization of Si and Cs in an oxygen background gas. These films, which were deposited onto conducting or semiconducting substrates, exhibit negative electron affinity (NEA) as evidenced by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). Photo and field electron emission properties of these nanocluster films were investigated with photo-electron emission microscopy (PEEM), field electron emission microscopy (FEEM), and current-voltage measurements. Flat cathodes covered with thin films of Si/Cs/O nanoclusters exhibited high current outputs and low turn-on fields. The films' NEA is unaffected by air exposure and is stable to high temperature annealing (550 degrees C). A field emission display unit with a simple diode structure containing a flat cathode coated with a patterned thin film of Si/Cs/O nanoclusters has also been built to demonstrate the potential application of this material in cold cathode electron emitting devices, particularly field emission flat panel displays. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dinh, LN (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-465-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 558 BP 533 EP 543 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BQ34L UT WOS:000088056900077 ER PT J AU Rhodes, R Beller, D AF Rhodes, R Beller, D TI The need for nuclear power SO FOREIGN AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB The world needs more energy, and there is one dean, efficient, and safe way to get it: nuclear power. As the global appetite for electricity grows, atomic power-which scarcely pollutes, generates relatively little solid waste, and is far more efficient than the alternatives-should be embraced. A worldwide effort to develop and share nuclear technology is in all our interests. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU COUNC FOREIGN RELAT INC PI NEW YORK PA 58 E 68TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0015-7120 J9 FOREIGN AFF JI Foreign Aff. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 79 IS 1 BP 30 EP + DI 10.2307/20049612 PG 20 WC International Relations SC International Relations GA 269FK UT WOS:000084465900004 ER PT B AU Cooper, JA AF Cooper, JA BE Cottam, MP Pape, RP Harvey, DW TI Markov modeling with soft aggregation for safety and decision analysis SO FORESIGHT AND PRECAUTION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Foresight and Precaution CY MAY 15-17, 2000 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP European Safety & Reliabil Assoc, Soc Risk Anal Europe, Safety & Reliabil Soc AB A top-down mathematical approach is developed for decomposing systems and for expressing imprecise individual metrics as possibilistic or fuzzy numbers. A "Markov-like" model is developed that facilitates combining (aggregating) inputs into overall metrics and decision aids, also portraying the inherent uncertainty. A major goal of Markov modeling is to help convey a rep-down system perspective. One of the constituent methodologies allows metrics to be weighted according to significance of the attribute and aggregated nonlinearly as to contribution. This aggregation is performed using exponential combination of the metrics, since the accumulating effect of such Factors responds less and less to additional factors ("soft" mathematical aggregation). Dependence among the contributing factors is accounted for by incorporating subjective metrics on "overlap" of the factors as well as by correspondingly reducing the overall contribution of these combinations to the overall aggregation. Decisions corresponding to the meaningfulness of the results are facilitated. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, High Consequence Surety Engn Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cooper, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, High Consequence Surety Engn Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-140-6 PY 2000 BP 1015 EP 1021 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA BQ55F UT WOS:000088745600141 ER PT J AU Milburn, GJ Schneider, S James, DFV AF Milburn, GJ Schneider, S James, DFV TI Ion trap quantum computing with warm ions SO FORTSCHRITTE DER PHYSIK-PROGRESS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STATE; ENTANGLEMENT; COMPUTATIONS AB We describe two schemes to manipulate the electronic qubit stares of trapped ions independent of the collective vibrational state of the ions. The first scheme uses an adiabatic method, and thus is intrinsically slow. The second scheme takes the opposite approach and uses fast pulses to produce an effective diner coupling between the electronic qubits. This last scheme enables the simulation of a number of nonlinear quantum systems including systems that exhibit phase transitions, and other semiclassical bifurcations. Quantum tunnelling and entangled states occur in such systems. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI MIlburn, Gerard/B-6381-2008; James, Daniel/B-9805-2009 OI MIlburn, Gerard/0000-0002-5404-9681; James, Daniel/0000-0003-3981-4602 NR 31 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0015-8208 J9 FORTSCHR PHYS JI Fortschritte Phys.-Prog. Phys. PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9-11 BP 801 EP 810 DI 10.1002/1521-3978(200009)48:9/11<801::AID-PROP801>3.0.CO;2-1 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 372PG UT WOS:000165241900005 ER PT J AU James, DFV AF James, DFV TI Quantum computation with hot and cold ions: An assessment of proposed schemes SO FORTSCHRITTE DER PHYSIK-PROGRESS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2 TRAPPED IONS; STATE; ENTANGLEMENT; DECOHERENCE AB We present a brief critical review of the proposals for quantum computation with trapped ions, with particular emphasis on the schemes for quantum computation which relax the stringent requirements for maintaining the ions in the quantum ground state of their collective oscillatory modes. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP James, DFV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI James, Daniel/B-9805-2009 OI James, Daniel/0000-0003-3981-4602 NR 39 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0015-8208 J9 FORTSCHR PHYS JI Fortschritte Phys.-Prog. Phys. PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9-11 BP 823 EP 837 DI 10.1002/1521-3978(200009)48:9/11<823::AID-PROP823>3.0.CO;2-M PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 372PG UT WOS:000165241900007 ER PT J AU Cory, DG Laflamme, R Knill, E Viola, L Havel, TF Boulant, N Boutis, G Fortunato, E Lloyd, S Martinez, R Negrevergne, C Pravia, M Sharf, Y Teklemariam, G Weinstein, YS Zurek, WH AF Cory, DG Laflamme, R Knill, E Viola, L Havel, TF Boulant, N Boutis, G Fortunato, E Lloyd, S Martinez, R Negrevergne, C Pravia, M Sharf, Y Teklemariam, G Weinstein, YS Zurek, WH TI NMR based quantum information processing: Achievements and prospects SO FORTSCHRITTE DER PHYSIK-PROGRESS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; POLARIZATION TRANSFER; SELECTIVE EXCITATION; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; PULSE EXPERIMENTS; SPIN SYSTEMS; LOGIC GATES; EXPERIMENTAL REALIZATION; ERROR-CORRECTION; ROTATING-FRAME AB Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides an experimental setting to explore physical implementations of quantum information processing (QIP), Here we introduce the basic background for understanding applications of NMR to QIP and explain their current successes, limitations and potential. NMR spectroscopy is well known for its wealth of diverse coherent manipulations of spin dynamics. Ideas and instrumentation from liquid state NMR spectroscopy have been used to experiment with QIP. This approach has carried the field to a complexity of about 10 qubits, a small number for quantum computation but large enough for observing and better understanding the complexity of the quantum world. While liquid state NMR is the only present-day technology about to reach this number of qubits. further increases in complexity will require new methods. We sketch one direction leading towards a scalable quantum computer using spin 1/2 particles. The next step of which is a solid stare NMR-based QIP capable of reaching 10-30 qubits. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, BCMP, Boston, MA 02115 USA. MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Cory, DG (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Weinstein, Yaakov/A-3513-2013 NR 134 TC 157 Z9 160 U1 1 U2 28 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0015-8208 J9 FORTSCHR PHYS JI Fortschritte Phys.-Prog. Phys. PY 2000 VL 48 IS 9-11 BP 875 EP 907 DI 10.1002/1521-3978(200009)48:9/11<875::AID-PROP875>3.0.CO;2-V PG 33 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 372PG UT WOS:000165241900010 ER PT B AU Ivezic, N Barbacci, M Libes, D Potok, T Robert, J AF Ivezic, N Barbacci, M Libes, D Potok, T Robert, J GP IEEE IEEE TI An analysis of a supply chain management agent architecture SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on MultiAgent Systems CY JUL 10-12, 2000 CL BOSTON, MA SP IFMAS, Charles River Analyt, Nokia, DARPA, NSF, AAAI AB In this payer, we illustrate a methodology for the early agent systems architecture analysis and evaluation with the focus on risk identification, evaluation, and mitigation. Architectural decisions on software qualities such as performance, modifiability, and security can be assessed. The illustration is drawn from the supply chain management application domain. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ivezic, N (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Potok, Thomas/0000-0001-6687-3435 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0625-9 PY 2000 BP 401 EP 402 DI 10.1109/ICMAS.2000.858495 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BR48W UT WOS:000166609100067 ER PT B AU Nilsen, DN Hundley, GL AF Nilsen, DN Hundley, GL BE Stewart, DL Daley, JC Stephens, RL TI Copper and zinc recovery with emulsion membranes from mine waste waters SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RECYCLING OF METALS AND ENGINEERED MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Recycling of Metals and Engineered Materials CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Recycling Comm Extrat & Processing Div, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Light Met Div ID LIQUID MEMBRANES; EXTRACTION AB The U.S. Department of Energy investigated the use of liquid-emulsion membranes (LEM) for the selective removal and recovery of metals such as copper and zinc from mine waste waters. This investigation included field tests of a mobile, pilot plant-scale, continuous-flow LEM system. The system was tested at copper mines with solutions containing from 100 to 1,400 ppm Cu, and at a zinc mine with a solution containing 115 ppm Zn. Typical results from the copper tests were >90% copper recovery, and zinc extraction from waste water also was typically >90%. Although all of these waste waters contained high impurity levels, pure products were produced. On several of these field tests, integrated systems were tested that resulted in recovery of metal by-products, selective precipitation of iron, and polishing to reach discharge targets for essentially all of the contained metals. In addition, some results are included from laboratory-scale tests. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Nilsen, DN (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-494-1 PY 2000 BP 455 EP 469 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Environmental; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BU95E UT WOS:000177472600039 ER PT B AU Hryn, JN Daniels, EJ Askew, M Kirchner, G AF Hryn, JN Daniels, EJ Askew, M Kirchner, G BE Stewart, DL Daley, JC Stephens, RL TI Regulatory issues associated with salt cake and dross processing in USA and Europe SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RECYCLING OF METALS AND ENGINEERED MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Recycling of Metals and Engineered Materials CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Recycling Comm Extrat & Processing Div, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Light Met Div C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hryn, JN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-494-1 PY 2000 BP 1157 EP 1157 PG 1 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Environmental; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BU95E UT WOS:000177472600100 ER PT B AU Krumdick, GK Graziano, DJ Hryn, JN AF Krumdick, GK Graziano, DJ Hryn, JN BE Stewart, DL Daley, JC Stephens, RL TI Electrodialysis technology for salt recovery from aluminum salt cake waste brines SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RECYCLING OF METALS AND ENGINEERED MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Recycling of Metals and Engineered Materials CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Recycling Comm Extrat & Processing Div, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Light Met Div AB Electrodialysis technology is being developed to recover salt from brines generated in the commercial process for recycling aluminum salt cake. Salt cake, a waste stream from the aluminum industry, contains aluminum metal, salt (NaCl and KCl), and nonmetallic impurities. After grinding and screening to separate out aluminum metal, salt cake solids are leached in water and filtered to recover a nonmetallic product (NMP). The filtered brine is then processed in an evaporator to separate salt and water. Researchers at Argonne National Laboratory identified electrodialysis as a promising process for salt recovery that may be less cost prohibitive than evaporation. Laboratory experiments suggested that the cost advantage of electrodialysis could be further improved through the selection of membranes to reduce power consumption and by operating with a differential pressure to reduce water transfer across the membranes. A large-scale electrodialysis pilot plant has been designed and constructed to verify laboratory results and the commercial viability of the process. Experiments are currently underway to characterize the effects of differential pressure, concentration difference, and current density on the water transfer and current efficiency of electrodialysis operations with concentrated brines. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Krumdick, GK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-494-1 PY 2000 BP 1159 EP 1170 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Environmental; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BU95E UT WOS:000177472600101 ER PT B AU Maurice, D Hawk, JA Riley, WD AF Maurice, D Hawk, JA Riley, WD BE Stewart, DL Daley, JC Stephens, RL TI Thermomechanical treatments for the separation of cast and wrought aluminum SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RECYCLING OF METALS AND ENGINEERED MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Recycling of Metals and Engineered Materials CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Recycling Comm Extrat & Processing Div, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Light Met Div AB The increased penetration of wrought aluminum into the automotive market is stimulating a need to separate wrought aluminum from cast aluminum because of: a) the additional value of scrap wrought alloys and b) the increase in the total amount of aluminum automotive scrap will outstrip the demands of secondary aluminum foundry industry. The availability of clean fractions of wrought and cast aluminum and incidentally, a clean cast magnesium fraction will allow increased recycling of aluminum used in the automotive industry. Hot crushing has been tested previously and proposed as a means to separate cast from wrought aluminum product. The underlying concept is that when a mixture of cast and wrought aluminum is thermally processed and then subjected to crushing action, differences in toughness between wrought and cast aluminum alloys will become more pronounced. Hence, it should be possible for conditions can be established such that the cast material fragments, while the wrought material, having lost much less of its toughness, merely deforms. The two types of product could then be separated by simple sizing methods. In this paper we report on the testing of this concept. We were unable to replicate the results which originally demonstrated proof of concept. Possible reasons for this are discussed, as well as the possibility that the original results may not be as desirable as the current results for subsequent sorting. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Maurice, D (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-494-1 PY 2000 BP 1251 EP 1262 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Environmental; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BU95E UT WOS:000177472600110 ER PT B AU Daniels, EJ Jody, BJ Pomykala, J AF Daniels, EJ Jody, BJ Pomykala, J BE Stewart, DL Daley, JC Stephens, RL TI Materials recovery from shredder residues SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RECYCLING OF METALS AND ENGINEERED MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Recycling of Metals and Engineered Materials CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Recycling Comm Extrat & Processing Div, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Light Met Div AB Each year, about five (5) million ton of shredder residues are landfilled in the United States. Similar quantities are landfilled in Europe and the Pacific Rim. Landfilling of these residues results in a cost to the existing recycling industry and also represents a loss of material resources that are otherwise recyclable. In this paper, we outline the resources recoverable from typical shredder residues and describe technology that we have developed to recover these resources. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60561 USA. RP Daniels, EJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60561 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-494-1 PY 2000 BP 1277 EP 1284 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Environmental; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BU95E UT WOS:000177472600112 ER PT B AU Bennett, JP Kwong, KS AF Bennett, JP Kwong, KS BE Stewart, DL Daley, JC Stephens, RL TI Spent refractory recycling/reuse efforts in the steel and aluminum industries SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RECYCLING OF METALS AND ENGINEERED MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Recycling of Metals and Engineered Materials CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Recycling Comm Extrat & Processing Div, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Light Met Div AB Limited efforts have been made to recycle/reuse spent refractory materials in the steel and aluminum industries of North America. The driving force is usually part of a larger waste reduction program. Economic or legislative forces have not been a driving force for spent refractory recycling/reuse. Past and current spent refractory recycling/reuse practices will be reviewed, with emphasis on specific programs at steel and aluminum companies. Program goals and progress of the joint Office of Industrial Technologies-DOE/Steel Manufacturers Association program directed at spent refractory reuse with electric arc furnace steel producers will also be discussed. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Bennett, JP (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-494-1 PY 2000 BP 1353 EP 1367 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Environmental; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BU95E UT WOS:000177472600120 ER PT B AU Kwong, J Bennett, JP AF Kwong, J Bennett, JP BE Stewart, DL Daley, JC Stephens, RL TI Modeling the reuse of spent basic refractory material in an EAF SO FOURTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RECYCLING OF METALS AND ENGINEERED MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Recycling of Metals and Engineered Materials CY OCT 22-25, 2000 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Recycling Comm Extrat & Processing Div, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Light Met Div AB As concerns about the environment and the disposal of industrial wastes increase, the utilization of spent refractories from electric are furnaces (EAF) is receiving more attention. Longer service life of refractories in an EAF can be achieved by foaming MgO saturated slag. The refractory wastes removed from a melt shop can be utilized as a part of these slags. The Albany Research Center is conducting research on recycling spent basic refractory materials as EAF slag conditioners. A good foaming slag should be a creamy, MgO saturated slag, which contains some solid particles (MgO-FeO). A computer model was developed to calculate the dual saturated slag chemistry with respect to CaO and MgO, the MgO saturated slag chemistry, and the solid content in solution. The effects of C/S ratio, Al2O3, and temperature on the MgO-saturated slag as calculated by the model will be discussed. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Kwong, J (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave,Sw, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-494-1 PY 2000 BP 1369 EP 1383 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Environmental; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BU95E UT WOS:000177472600121 ER PT J AU Gohil, K Moy, RK Farzin, S Maguire, JJ Packer, L AF Gohil, K Moy, RK Farzin, S Maguire, JJ Packer, L TI mRNA expression profile of a human cancer cell line in response to Ginkgo biloba extract: induction of antioxidant response and the Golgi system SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Free Radicals in Life Science CY MAR 09-10, 2000 CL UNIV TOKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo Res Ctr Adv Sci & Technol, 170th Comm Redox Life Sci, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Int Soc Free Rad Res, Oxygen Club Calif, UNESCO-MCBN HO UNIV TOKYO DE activated ras; reactive oxygen species; oligonucleotide arrays; dietary antioxidants ID PROSTATE CARCINOMA-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY; HEME OXYGENASE-1; SUBUNIT GENE; PROTEIN; FLAVONOIDS; OVEREXPRESSION; IDENTIFICATION; FIBROBLASTS AB Supplementation of diets with plant extracts for health and prevention of degenerative diseases is popular. However the molecular basis of their therapeutic potentials are poorly defined. We hypothesized that in vitro assays that enable quantitative analysis of the gene expression profiles combined with targeted biochemical analysis can identify the potential effects of phytochemicals. The hypothesis was tested by application of GeneChips to define mRNA expressions of a human bladder cancer cell line incubated with a flavonoid containing extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves. The analysis of the transcriptional response revealed a net activation of transcription. Functional classification of the affected mRNAs showed the largest changes in the abundance of mRNAs for intracellular vesicular transport, mitochondria, transcription and antioxidants. The transcripts for hemeoxygenase-1, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and the regulatory subunit of gamma -glutamyl-cysteinyl synthetase and their encoded proteins were elevated. The extract also increased intracellular glutathione, the transcripts for DNA repair and synthesis, and decreased JH-thymidine incorporation. These results demonstrate that a flavonoid containing extract initiates an adaptive transcriptional response that augments the "antioxidant status" of the cells and inhibits DNA damage. These in vitro studies using GeneChips demonstrated a promising strategy for identifying nutritional supplement induced cellular responses that may have a role in counteracting chronic human diseases. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Cell & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gohil, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Cell & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM27345] NR 63 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PY 2000 VL 33 IS 6 BP 831 EP 849 DI 10.1080/10715760000301351 PG 19 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 405XE UT WOS:000167185200016 PM 11237105 ER PT S AU Hughes, RJ Buttler, WT Kwiat, PG Lamoreaux, SK Morgan, GL Nordholt, JE Peterson, CG AF Hughes, RJ Buttler, WT Kwiat, PG Lamoreaux, SK Morgan, GL Nordholt, JE Peterson, CG BE Mecherle, GS TI Free-space quantum cryptography in daylight SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XII CY JAN 24, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE quantum cryptography; optical communications; quantum information ID PRIVACY AMPLIFICATION; KEY DISTRIBUTION; OPTICAL-FIBER; PHOTONS; CANNOT; LIGHT AB Quantum cryptography is an emerging technology in which two parties may simultaneously generate shared, secret cryptographic key material using the transmission of quantum states of light. The security of these transmissions is based on the inviolability of the laws of quantum mechanics and information-theoretically secure post-processing methods. An adversary can neither successfully tap the quantum transmissions, nor evade detection, owing to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. In this paper we describe the theory of quantum cryptography, and the most recent results from our experimental free-space system with which we have demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of quantum key generation over a point-to-point outdoor atmospheric path in daylight. We achieved a transmission distance of 0.5 km, which was limited only by the length of the test range. Our results provide strong evidence that cryptographic key material could be generated on demand between a ground station and a satellite (or between two satellites), allowing a satellite to be securely re-keyed on orbit. We present a feasibility analysis of surface-to-satellite quantum key generation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hughes@lanl.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3549-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3932 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1117/12.384303 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BQ31S UT WOS:000087916800013 ER PT B AU Murillo, MS AF Murillo, MS BE Nakamura, Y Yokota, T Shukla, PK TI Dynamical and structural properties of strongly coupled dusty plasmas SO FRONTIERS IN DUSTY PLASMAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on the Physics of Dusty Plasmas CY MAY 24-28, 1999 CL HAKONE, JAPAN ID ACOUSTIC-WAVES AB Dusty plasmas offer a unique method for testing dynamical wave theories in the strong Coulomb coupling regime. Recently, there have been many theoretical models, based on either a generalized;ed hydrodynamic or on kinetic descriptions, developed to describe dust acoustic waves under conditions of strong coupling. These theories attempt to extend the usual acoustic wave dispersion relation to the strong coupling regime and, in some cases, to finite frequencies and wavevectors beyond the hydrodynamic limit. Here a kinetic approach is used to obtain dispersion relations in terms of an approximate dynamic local field correction, and comparison is made with the viscoelastic Navier-Stokes description. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret Div, Plasma Phys Applicat Grp X PA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Murillo, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret Div, Plasma Phys Applicat Grp X PA, MS B259, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50398-6 PY 2000 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1016/B978-044450398-5/50005-1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BP92Q UT WOS:000086637500004 ER PT B AU Hammerberg, JE Holian, BL Murillo, MS Winske, D AF Hammerberg, JE Holian, BL Murillo, MS Winske, D BE Nakamura, Y Yokota, T Shukla, PK TI Directional ordering and dynamics in dusty plasmas SO FRONTIERS IN DUSTY PLASMAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on the Physics of Dusty Plasmas CY MAY 24-28, 1999 CL HAKONE, JAPAN ID ION FLOW; PARTICLES; CRYSTAL AB We use molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods to investigate dusty plasma crystal structure, with the grains subject to a spherically symmetric Debye-Hickel potential, a uni-directional external potential and an asymmetric wake potential. The structure is studied as a function of Mach number and magnitude of the wake as well as with the strength of the rf input power, using parameters from a self-consistent sheath model. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hammerberg, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50398-6 PY 2000 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1016/B978-044450398-5/50006-3 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BP92Q UT WOS:000086637500005 ER PT B AU Winske, D Daughton, WS Lemons, DS Murillo, MS Shanahan, WR AF Winske, D Daughton, WS Lemons, DS Murillo, MS Shanahan, WR BE Nakamura, Y Yokota, T Shukla, PK TI Dust wake in a collisional plasma SO FRONTIERS IN DUSTY PLASMAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on the Physics of Dusty Plasmas CY MAY 24-28, 1999 CL HAKONE, JAPAN ID ACOUSTIC WAVES; ION FLOW AB We study the interaction between a stationary dust grain in a flowing, collisional plasma. An expression for the wake potential is derived and compared with results from particle-in-cell simulations that treat the flowing plasma ions as discrete particles which are collisionally coupled to the background neutral gas. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Winske, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Daughton, William/L-9661-2013 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50398-6 PY 2000 BP 513 EP 516 DI 10.1016/B978-044450398-5/50086-5 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BP92Q UT WOS:000086637500085 ER PT B AU Murillo, MS Snyder, HR AF Murillo, MS Snyder, HR BE Nakamura, Y Yokota, T Shukla, PK TI Measurement and modeling of particle spacing in strongly coupled dusty plasmas SO FRONTIERS IN DUSTY PLASMAS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on the Physics of Dusty Plasmas CY MAY 24-28, 1999 CL HAKONE, JAPAN ID COULOMB CRYSTALS; YUKAWA SYSTEMS; PHASE-DIAGRAM; DYNAMICS; FLOW AB Vertical strings of dust grains were studied using a two-dimensional array of grains in a rf Ar plasma in a two-phase experiment. First, the sheath was characterized by fitting a sheath model to single grain behavior and Langmuir probe measurements. Then, the intergrain spacing was measured over a range of powers for spherical glass grains of diameter 10.4 mu m. A one-dimensional energy model for the arrays which includes the sheath model, gravity, and all intergrain interactions is compared with the data. Various asymmetric potentials were employed to account for possible dipolar effects. It is shown that the bulk plasma temperature greatly exceeds the effective temperature (defined in terms of the charging equation applicable in the bulk plasma) in the sheath and that existing interaction potential models do not agree with the data. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Applicat Grp XPA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Murillo, MS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Plasma Phys Applicat Grp XPA, MS B259, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50398-6 PY 2000 BP 559 EP 563 DI 10.1016/B978-044450398-5/50097-X PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BP92Q UT WOS:000086637500096 ER PT S AU Fowler, JS Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Logan, J AF Fowler, JS Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Logan, J BE Kato, T TI Imaging monoamine oxidase in the human brain SO FRONTIERS OF THE MECHANISMS OF MEMORY AND DEMENTIA SE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Yokohama 21st Century Forum on Brain Science in the Coming Century CY NOV 10-12, 1999 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP Yokohama City, Yokohama City Univ, Grad Sch Integrated Sci DE PET; deprenyl; lazabemide; tobacco smoke ID MAO-B; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; CIGARETTE SMOKERS; INHIBITION; SMOKING AB Positron emission tomography (PET) studies mapping monoamine oxidase in the human brain have been used to measure the turnover rate for MAO B; to determine the minimum effective dose of a new MAO inhibitor drug lazabemide and to document MAO inhibition by cigarette smoke. These studies illustrate the power of PET and radiotracer chemistry to measure normal biochemical processes and to provide information on the effect of drug exposure on specific molecular targets. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fowler, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0531-5131 BN 0-444-50382-X J9 INT CONGR SER PY 2000 IS 1200 BP 69 EP 72 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA BP96Z UT WOS:000086779300024 ER PT J AU Antonio, MR Karet, GB Guzowski, JP AF Antonio, MR Karet, GB Guzowski, JP TI Iron chemistry in petroleum production SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE iron; precipitate; ferruginous solid; reservoir fouling; souring; Mossbauer ID REACTIONS FORMING PYRITE; PRUDHOE BAY FIELD; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; OIL-FIELD; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; PRECIPITATION; MINERALS; OXIDATION; MARCASITE AB The aqueous chemistry of iron in souring petroleum reservoirs was modeled in the laboratory. The salt FeSO4. 7H(2)O was allowed to react with Na2S . 9H(2)O in synthetic seawater solutions for three days at 55-85 degrees C. Elemental sulfur and crude oil were added to some of the reactions. The major iron precipitates formed were carbonates and sulfides, e.g. FeCO3, FeS, Fe3S4 and FeS2. These were also found in production solids from the Alaska North Slope. In the laboratory modeling experiments, the amount of precipitate increased with increasing Na2S . 9H(2)O, and the identity of the precipitates depended on the amount of Na2S . 9H(2)O. Elemental sulfur had little effect on what phases formed, but it lowered yields. For a series of reactions with two equivalents of added Na2S . 9H(2)O for each equivalent of FeSO4. 7H(2)O, the product mass increased at basic pH. A pathway was proposed for iron sulfide formation, in which HS- combines with aqueous iron(II) to give FeS and, subsequently, FeS2 and Fe3S4, which are produced from FeS when S2- is oxidized to S-2(2-), and when Fe(II) is partly oxidized to Fe(III), respectively. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Antonio, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Antonio, Mark/0000-0002-1208-4534 NR 89 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JAN PY 2000 VL 79 IS 1 BP 37 EP 45 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00132-5 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 259QT UT WOS:000083905100003 ER PT J AU Nielsen, HP Baxter, LL Sclippab, G Morey, C Frandsen, FJ Dam-Johansen, K AF Nielsen, HP Baxter, LL Sclippab, G Morey, C Frandsen, FJ Dam-Johansen, K TI Deposition of potassium salts on heat transfer surfaces in straw-fired boilers: a pilot-scale study SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE straw combustion; deposits; potassium chloride ID COMBUSTION; SODIUM; SULFUR; COAL AB The fate of inorganic salts in straw-fired combustion systems was studied in Sandia's Multifuel Combustor. Special attention was drawn to the deposition of potassium, chlorine, and sulphur and the sulphation of potassium chloride to potassium sulphate. The experiments included wheat straw-firing under different combustion conditions and with elevated sulphur levels. investigations of deposit formation on a simulated superheater tube placed in cross flow with the gas revealed that the deposit was ellipse-shaped and had an inner layer of white condensed salts. The inner layer had a dendritic structure and consisted of potassium chloride and potassium sulphate. Part of the water-soluble potassium in the straw was transformed into potassium silicates and a mixed mineral of potassium, calcium, and silicon. A novel probe was designed to investigate condensation phenomena. SEM-analyses revealed that the structure of the potassium salts consisted of individual angular particles of primarily KCI (1-2 mu m) and a sponge-like matrix of sub-micron particles consisting primarily of K2SO4, which may represent vapour condensate agglomerates. Mechanisms of deposit formation and the fate of chlorine, potassium, and sulphur in the system are discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Frandsen, FJ (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem Engn, Bldg 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RI Baxter, Larry/C-8567-2009 OI Baxter, Larry/0000-0002-0453-2659 NR 22 TC 118 Z9 131 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JAN PY 2000 VL 79 IS 2 BP 131 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00090-3 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 265TV UT WOS:000084262600003 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, H Nussbaumer, T Baxter, L Yang, N AF Kaufmann, H Nussbaumer, T Baxter, L Yang, N TI Deposit formation on a single cylinder during combustion of herbaceous biomass SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE biomass combustion; deposit; aerosol; particle; particle size; thermophoresis AB The combustion of herbaceous biomass can lead to deposit formation on the walls of the combustion chamber and on boiler tubes. These deposits are being caused by fly ash. The aim of the present investigation was to identify the mechanisms of deposit formation, to analyse the chemical and morphological properties of the deposit, and to propose measures for deposit reduction. Special attention was given to the deposit formation from flue gas having been cleaned from large particles. It is typically found in boilers from moving bed furnaces. Experiments were performed in the flue gas of a turbulent flow reactor by sampling the depositions on a cooled cylinder after having removed large particles on an obstacle. Furthermore, depositions from the boilers of two moving bed furnaces were collected. The investigations show that depositions similar to those in moving bed furnaces were achieved in the turbulent flow reactor when large particles were removed before sampling. The deposits from herbaceous biomass were identified as accumulations of fine particles in the nanometer range. The chemical properties of the deposits are those of KCI, the major compound in the deposit. Among the different formation mechanisms thermophoresis was revealed to be the crucial process for deposit formation under the investigated conditions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ETH Zurich, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Verenum Res, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nussbaumer, T (reprint author), ETH Zurich, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Baxter, Larry/C-8567-2009 OI Baxter, Larry/0000-0002-0453-2659 NR 15 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JAN PY 2000 VL 79 IS 2 BP 141 EP 151 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00137-4 PG 11 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 265TV UT WOS:000084262600004 ER PT B AU Giles, GE Gray, LJ Bullock, JS Van Berkel, GJ AF Giles, GE Gray, LJ Bullock, JS Van Berkel, GJ BE Matlosz, M Landolt, D Aogaki, R Sato, Y Talbot, JB TI Numerical simulation of anodic reactions SO FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION AND DISSOLUTION, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Fundamental Aspects of Electrochemical Deposition and Dissolution CY OCT, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc ID ELECTROSPRAY AB Two electrochemical systems have been simulated, with a focus on the anodic reactions and associated phenomena. These systems are the Scanning Reference Electrode Technique instrument, examining an anodically-polarized surface, and an electrospray ion source, operated in the positive ion mode. In both of these systems the region of interest is small (10-200 mum). The numerical technique used in the simulation was able to incorporate: features as small as 0.5 mum; multiple reactions at the anode surface; and nonuniform surface properties. Ion transport was modeled by the Laplace equation, together with nonlinear concentration and activation polarization boundary conditions on electroactive surfaces. The Laplace equation was solved using a boundary integral analysis, and the nonlinear polarization equations were satisfied via either a successive-substitution (Picard) or two-step Gauss-Seidel iterative technique. Successive iterations for the polarization were determined from the previous iteration's current density distribution. This iterative process continued until the change in the boundary potentials was less than a specified tolerance. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Giles, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-256-7 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 33 BP 335 EP 347 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BR01V UT WOS:000165401000035 ER PT S AU Arendt, PN Groves, JR Foltyn, SR Jia, QX Peterson, EJ Depaula, RF Dowden, PC Coulter, JY Ma, M AF Arendt, PN Groves, JR Foltyn, SR Jia, QX Peterson, EJ Depaula, RF Dowden, PC Coulter, JY Ma, M BE Moss, SC Chason, EH Cooper, BH Harper, JME DeLaRubia, TD Murty, MVR TI Fabrication of high-quality ion-beam deposited cubic oxide template films on meter-length substrates SO FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISMS OF LOW-ENERGY-BEAM-MODIFIED SURFACE GROWTH AND PROCESSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Mechanisms of Low-Energy-Beam-Modified Surface Growth and Processing held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB ion-beam assisted deposition was used to fabricate biaxially aligned cubic zirconia on flexible metal substrates. These films were used as templates for heteroepitaxially deposited YBa2CU3O7-delta (YBCO) films. The quality of the crystalline texture of the template films has a direct influence on the superconducting properties of the final YBCO films. We describe our efforts to fabricate high-quality cubic zirconia templates on short-length substrates processed in stationary mode and meter-long substrates processed in continuous mode. Our best phi scan FWHM values for the films on the meter-long tapes were 12.6 degrees for the template and 6.1 degrees for the overcoated YBCO. This meter-long tape had a self-field, 75 K, superconducting critical current of 122 amps. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Arendt, PN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-493-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 585 BP 67 EP 73 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR46Q UT WOS:000166546100009 ER PT S AU Birtcher, RC Donnelly, SE AF Birtcher, RC Donnelly, SE BE Moss, SC Chason, EH Cooper, BH Harper, JME DeLaRubia, TD Murty, MVR TI Sputtering of Au induced by single Xe ion impacts SO FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISMS OF LOW-ENERGY-BEAM-MODIFIED SURFACE GROWTH AND PROCESSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Mechanisms of Low-Energy-Beam-Modified Surface Growth and Processing held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CLUSTER EMISSION; ENERGY; SOLIDS; GOLD AB Sputtering of An thin films has been determined for Xe ions with energies between 50 and 600 keV. In-Situ transmission electron microscopy was used to observe sputtered Au during deposition on a carbon foil near the specimen. Total reflection and transmission sputtering yields for a 62 nm thick Au thin film were determined by ex-situ measurement of the total amount of Au on the carbon foils. In situ observations show that individual Xe ions eject Au nanoparticles as large as 7 nm in diameter with an average diameter of approximately 3 nm. Particle emission correlates with crater formation due to single ion impacts. Nanoparticle emission contributes significantly to the total sputtering yield for Xe ions in this energy range in either reflection or transmission geometry. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Birtcher, RC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Donnelly, Stephen/0000-0002-9749-5550 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-493-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 585 BP 117 EP 121 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR46Q UT WOS:000166546100015 ER PT S AU Lowndes, DH Merkulov, VI Baylor, LR Jellison, GE Poker, DB Kim, S Sohn, MH Paik, NW AF Lowndes, DH Merkulov, VI Baylor, LR Jellison, GE Poker, DB Kim, S Sohn, MH Paik, NW BE Moss, SC Chason, EH Cooper, BH Harper, JME DeLaRubia, TD Murty, MVR TI Field emission from carbon films deposited by controlled-low-energy beams and CVD sources SO FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISMS OF LOW-ENERGY-BEAM-MODIFIED SURFACE GROWTH AND PROCESSING SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Mechanisms of Low-Energy-Beam-Modified Surface Growth and Processing held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; ION KINETIC-ENERGY; SILICON TIP ARRAYS; ELECTRON-EMISSION; LASER-ABLATION; NANOSTRUCTURED CARBON; DLC FILMS; ENHANCEMENT; CATHODES; EMITTER AB The principal interests in this work are energetic-beam control of carbon-film properties and the roles of doping and surface morphology in field emission. Carbon films with variable sp(3)- bonding fraction were deposited on n-type Si substrates by ArF (193 nm) pulsed-laser ablation (PLA) of a pyrolytic graphite target, and by direct metal ion beam deposition (DMIBD) using a primary C(s)+ beam to generate the secondary C(-) deposition beam. The PLA films are undoped while the DMIBD films are doped with Cs. The kinetic energy (KE) of the incident C atoms/ions was controlled and varied over the range from similar to 25 eV to similar to 175 eV. Earlier studies have shown that C films' sp(3)-bonding fraction and diamond-like properties can be maximized by using KE values near 90 eV. The films' surface morphology, sp(3)-bonding fraction, and Cs-content were determined as a function of KE using atomic force microscopy, TEM/EELS, Rutherford backscattering and nuclear reaction measurements, respectively. Field emission (FE) from these very smooth undoped and Cs-containing films is compared with the FE from two types of deliberately nanostructured carbon films, namely hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HF-CVD) carbon and carbon nanotubes grown by plasma-enhanced CVD. Electron field emission (FE) characteristics were measured using similar to 25-mum, similar to5-mum and similar to1-mum diameter probes that were scanned with similar to 75 nm resolution in the x-, y-, and z-directions in a vacuum chamber (similar to5 x 10(-7) torr base pressure) equipped with a video camera for viewing. The hydrogen-free and very smooth aD or a-C films (with high or low sp(3) content, and with or without similar to1% Cs doping) produced by PLD and DMIBD are not good field emitters. Conditioning accompanied by arcing was required to obtain emission, so that their subsequent FE is characteristic of the are-produced damage site. However, deliberate surface texturing can eliminate the need for conditioning, apparently by geometrical enhancement of the local electric field. But the most promising approach for producing macroscopically flat FE cathodes is to use materials that are highly nanostructured, either by the deposition process (e.g. HF-CVD carbon) or intrinsically (e.g. carbon nanotubes). HF-CVD films were found to combine a number of desirable properties for FE displays and vacuum microelectronics, including the absence of conditioning, low turn-on fields, high emission site density, and apparent stability and durability during limited long-term testing. Preliminary FE measurements revealed that vertically aligned carbon nanotubes are equally promising. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lowndes, DH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-493-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 585 BP 271 EP 282 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BR46Q UT WOS:000166546100039 ER PT S AU Potter, BG Tuttle, BA Tikare, V AF Potter, BG Tuttle, BA Tikare, V BE Cohen, RE TI Monte Carlo simulation of ferroelectric domain structure: Electrostatic and elastic strain energy contributions SO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS OF FERROELECTRICS 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Aspen-Center-for-Physics Winter Workshop on Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 13-20, 2000 CL ASPEN, CO SP USN, Off Res, Carnegie Inst Washington, DARPA, Aspen Ctr Phys ID FIRST PRINCIPLES; BATIO3; PEROVSKITES; LATTICE AB A lattice-Monte Carlo approach was developed to simulate ferroelectric domain behavior. The model utilizes a Hamiltonian for the total energy that includes electrostatic terms (involving dipole-dipole interactions, local polarization gradients, and applied electric field), and elastic strain energy. The contributions of these energy components to the domain structure and to the overall applied field response of the system were examined. In general, the model exhibited domain structure characteristics consistent with those observed in a tetragonally distorted ferroelectric. Good qualitative agreement between the appearance of simulated electrical hysteresis loops and those characteristic of real ferroelectric materials was found. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Potter, BG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-959-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 535 BP 173 EP 182 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BR27C UT WOS:000165986600021 ER PT S AU Noheda, B Gonzalo, JA Guo, R Park, SE Cross, LE Cox, DE Shirane, G AF Noheda, B Gonzalo, JA Guo, R Park, SE Cross, LE Cox, DE Shirane, G BE Cohen, RE TI The monoclinic phase in PZT: New light on morphotropic phase boundaries SO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS OF FERROELECTRICS 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Aspen-Center-for-Physics Winter Workshop on Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 13-20, 2000 CL ASPEN, CO SP USN, Off Res, Carnegie Inst Washington, DARPA, Aspen Ctr Phys ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; SOLID-SOLUTION; PB(ZRXTI1-X)O-3 CERAMICS; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DEPENDENCE AB A summary of the work recently carried out on the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) of PZT is presented. By means of x-ray powder diffraction on ceramic samples of excellent quality, the MPB has been successfully characterized by changing temperature in a series of closely spaced compositions. As a result, an unexpected monoclinic phase has been found to exist in between the well-known tetragonal and rhombohedral PZT phases. A detailed structural analysis, together with the investigation of the field effect in this region of compositions have led to an important advance in understanding the mechanisms responsible for the physical properties of PZT as well as other piezoelectric materials with similar morphotropic phase boundaries. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Noheda, B (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-959-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 535 BP 304 EP 313 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BR27C UT WOS:000165986600035 ER PT S AU Samara, GA AF Samara, GA BE Cohen, RE TI Pressure as a probe of the physics of ABO(3) relaxor ferroelectrics SO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS OF FERROELECTRICS 2000 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Aspen-Center-for-Physics Winter Workshop on Fundamental Physics of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 13-20, 2000 CL ASPEN, CO SP USN, Off Res, Carnegie Inst Washington, DARPA, Aspen Ctr Phys ID RANDOM-FIELD INSTABILITY; LONG-RANGE ORDER; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS; STATE AB Results on a variety of mixed ABO(3) oxides have revealed a pressure-induced ferroelectric-to-relaxor crossover and the continuous evolution of the energetics and dynamics of the relaxation profess with increasing pressure. These common features have suggested a mechanism for the crossover phenomenon in terms of a large decrease in the correlation length for dipolar interactions with pressure - a unique property of soft mode or highly polarizable host lattices. The pressure effects as well as the interplay between pressure and dc biasing fields are illustrated for some recent results on PZN - 9.5 PT, PMN and PLZT 6/65/35. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Samara, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-959-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 535 BP 344 EP 353 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BR27C UT WOS:000165986600040 ER PT J AU Honda, T Bartels, HW Merrill, B Inabe, T Petti, D Moore, R Okazaki, T AF Honda, T Bartels, HW Merrill, B Inabe, T Petti, D Moore, R Okazaki, T TI Analyses of loss of vacuum accident (LOVA) in ITER SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE vacuum; fusion reactors; penetration line ID FUSION-REACTOR; VESSEL; EVENTS AB A loss of vacuum accident (LOVA) is a unique event in fusion reactors. A reference event for ITER was postulated which was a failure of a penetration line (0.02 m(2) cross-section) into a room with stack ventilation. Behavior of ingress air and environmental release of the inventory were calculated by an accident analysis code (MELCOR). No in-vessel component cooling was assumed because of a non-safety system and 1350 g-T as tritium (HTO) and 30 kg as tokamak dust (tungsten) were set in the vacuum vessel (VV) as the initial mobile inventory. Operation of the maintenance detritiation system (MDS) after 1 h was credited to limit the release. The analytical results showed that the environmental release of tritium (19 g-T) from the stack was a factor of 5 below the accidental release limit for ITER, and the release of dust (21 g) from the stack is a factor of 25 below the release limit. To investigate the ultimate safety margin, a hypothetical event was also analyzed which was a failure of a penetration line (0.2 m(2) cross-section) into a room with ground level ventilation. Since the best estimate analysis assumed in-vessel cooling, which resulted in cooling down the walls, the mobile tritium inventory was reduced to 390 g-T. The large break size caused fast pressurization of the VV and thus the whole dust inventory (110 kg) was expected to be mobile. The ground level release was less than half of the no-evacuation limit under conservative weather conditions. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Power & Ind Syst R&D Div, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan. ITER Joint Cent Team, San Diego, CA USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. RP Honda, T (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys, ITER Plasmaphys Joint Work Site Garching, Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 BP 361 EP 375 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(99)00067-8 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 293TK UT WOS:000085869300001 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Maekawa, F Ikeda, Y AF Smith, DL Maekawa, F Ikeda, Y TI Observation of uranium photo-fission by N-16 decay gamma rays from water activated by D-T fusion neutrons SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE fusion-reactor technology; D-T neutron source; neutron reactions; O-16(n,p) N-16 reaction; gamma rays; N-16 decay gamma rays; photo-fission; U-238 photo-fission; radiation dosimetry; non-destructive interrogation technology; special nuclear materials detection ID PHOTONEUTRON CROSS-SECTIONS; F-19(P,ALPHA-GAMMA)O-16; PHOTOFISSION; RESONANCE; REACTOR; NUCLEI; U-238; ITER AB Radioactive N-16 is generated in pure water (H2O) which has been exposed to D-T fusion neutrons with energies near 14 MeV. The principal neutron-activation reaction is O-16(n,p) N-16. Decay by beta emission (100%) of the 7.13 +/- 0.02 s N-16 activity is accompanied by production of energetic gamma rays (most of them with energies > 6 MeV) that are associated with the prompt radiative de-excitation of various elevated energy levels of O-16 populated through the process N-16(beta-) 16O. The dominant gamma-ray emission branch energies (intensities) are 6.129 MeV (67.0 +/- 0.6%) and 7.115 MeV (4.9 +/- 0.4%). A particular given intensity refers to the percent of 16N decays that produce the indicated gamma ray. Both photons possess energies that are above the photo-fission threshold for the naturally occurring isotopes of uranium, namely, (234)u, U-235, and U-238. This paper reports on an experiment that demonstrated 16N decay gamma-ray induced photo-fission in a commercial fission detector that contained 0.14 g of depleted uranium (predominantly U-238 With a Small trace of 235U). This detector was placed near a tubing system containing circulating water that had been activated by neutron bombardment as it passed near to the target of an intense D-T fusion neutron generator. The fission detector was situated in a shielded location remote from the source of primary D-T neutrons. Other possible mechanisms leading to the generation of the observed detector events were considered. Among these were natural background radiation (e.g., cosmic rays), delayed neutrons from the decay of N-17 and N-18 also produced in water by D-T neutrons, secondary neutrons from (gamma,a) reactions in materials near the detector, and electronic noise or pulse pileup. All of these alternative possibilities were ultimately rejected as significant contributors to the experimental detector counts by a detailed examination of the pertinent nuclear data and by specific measurements carried out in the present study. Photo-fission of U-238 remained as the predominant source of the recorded fission-detector events after elimination of these other possibilities as significant contributors of observed counts. The anticipated photo-fission yield was calculated based on consideration of the experimental setup, tabulated cross sections, and other pertinent nuclear data. This analysis yielded results which were found to be consistent with the present experimental observations to within the combined - rather large - uncertainties. This outcome further supports the conclusion that photo-fission events were indeed observed in this experiment. Some engineering implications of this investigation, and potential applications for the observed phenomenon in contemporary nuclear fusion technology. are also discussed. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Spallat Neutron Lab, Ctr Neutron Sci, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, TD-360-L106,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 65 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 47 IS 4 BP 403 EP 424 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(99)00099-X PG 22 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 293TK UT WOS:000085869300004 ER PT J AU Petti, D McCarthy, K AF Petti, D McCarthy, K TI Progress in US fusion safety and environmental activities over the last decade SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE safety; environment; fusion ID THERMONUCLEAR EXPERIMENTAL REACTOR; ITER SAFETY; PARTICLE-SIZE; TOKAMAK DUST; DESIGN; VERIFICATION; GENERATION; ACTIVATION; LIMITS AB Magnetic fusion energy has the potential for superior safety and environmental (S&E) characteristics relative to other energy options, which is one of the main reasons for developing fusion power. Excellent progress has been made in understanding the nature of the SEE concerns associated with fusion power and in demonstrating the S&E potential effusion. Over the past 10 yr, U.S. fusion S&E activities have been largely focused on the international Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The design of ITER is such that the hazards addressed are similar to those of a future fusion power plant; hence, many of the safety issues addressed by ITER are relevant to commercial fusion power plants. This paper reviews the progress and accomplishments infusion S&E activities performed largely in support of ITER over the past decade and discusses future directions in fusion safety design criteria development and implementation; characterization of the radioactive and hazardous materials in fusion and the potential energy sources that could mobilize those materials during an accident; integrated state-of-the-art safety and risk analysis took methods, and results; and development of environmental design criteria for radioactive and hazardous fusion waste minimization as well as the evaluation of recycle/reuse potential effusion materials. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Petti, D (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Fus Safety Program, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 103 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 PG 23 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 267ZG UT WOS:000084388700001 ER PT J AU Ebey, PS Asaki, TJ Hoffer, JK AF Ebey, PS Asaki, TJ Hoffer, JK TI A numeric study of the dependence of the surface temperature of beta-layered regions on absolute thickness SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deuterium-tritium ice; beta-layering ID IGNITION; TRITIUM; FUSION AB Beta-layering of deuterium-tritium (D-T) ice in spherical shell geometries is numerically and analytically considered to investigate the relationship between temperature differences that arise because of inner-surface perturbations and the absolute shell thickness. The calculations use dimensions based on a proposed design of an inertial confinement fusion target for use at the National Ignition Facility. The temperature differences are calculated within D-T ice shells of varying total thicknesses, and the temperature differences calculated in three dimensions are compared both to the one-dimensional results and to the expected limits in three dimensions for long- and short-wavelength surface perturbations. The three-dimensional numeric results agree well with both the long- and short-wavelength limits; the region of crossover from short- to long-wavelength behavior is mapped out. Temperature differences due to surface perturbations are proportional to D-T layer thickness in one-dimensional systems but not in three-dimensional spherical shells. In spherical shells, surface perturbations of long wavelength give rise to temperature perturbations that are approximately proportional to the total shell thickness, while for short-wavelength perturbations, the temperature differences are inversely related to total shell thickness. In contrast to the one-dimensional result we find that in three dimensions there is not a general relationship between shelf thickness and surface temperature differences. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp MST 10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ebey, PS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp MST 10, MS-764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1 BP 32 EP 37 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 267ZG UT WOS:000084388700003 ER PT J AU Marshall, TD McDonald, JM Cadwallader, LC Steiner, D AF Marshall, TD McDonald, JM Cadwallader, LC Steiner, D TI An experimental examination of the loss-of-flow accident phenomenon for prototypical ITER divertor channels of Y=0 and Y=2 SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE LOFA; design-basis accident; swirl tape AB This paper discusses the thermal response of two prototypical International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) divertor channels during simulated loss-of-flow-accident (LOFA) experiments. The thermal response was characterized by the time-to-burnout (TBO), which is a figure of merit on the mockups' survivability. Data from the LOFA experiments illustrate that (a) the pre-LOFA inlet velocity does not significantly influence the TBO, (b) the incident heat flux (IHF) does influence the TBO, and (c) a swirl tape insert significantly improves the TBO and promotes the initiation of natural circulation. This natural circulation enabled the mockup to absorb steady-state IHFs after the coolant circulation pump was disabled. Several methodologies for thermal-hydraulic modeling of the LOA were attempted. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Fus Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Fus Safety Program, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Environm & Energy Engn Dept, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Marshall, TD (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Nucl Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RI Cadwallader, Lee/F-6933-2014 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1 BP 38 EP 53 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 267ZG UT WOS:000084388700004 ER PT J AU Kawamura, Y Enoeda, M Willms, RS Zielinski, PM Wilhelm, RH Nishi, M AF Kawamura, Y Enoeda, M Willms, RS Zielinski, PM Wilhelm, RH Nishi, M TI Adsorption isotherms for tritium on various adsorbents at liquid nitrogen temperature SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tritium recovery; helium glow discharge exhaust gas; blanket sweep gas ID BLANKET SWEEP GAS; HYDROGEN ISOTOPES; CRYOSORPTION; RECOVERY AB The cryosorption method is useful for extracting hydrogen isotopes from a helium gas stream with a small amount of hydrogen isotopes. Therefore, infusion reactors, this method is expected to be applied for the helium glow discharge exhaust gas processing system and the blanket tritium recovery system. To design these systems, adsorption isotherms for each hydrogen isotope are needed, making it possible to estimate the amount of adsorption in a wide pressure range. The amount of tritium adsorption on molecular sieve 5A, molecular sieve 4A, and activated carbon, which are potential adsorbents in the cryosorption bed, at liquid nitrogen temperature were quantified using the volumetric method. It was found that adsorption isotherms of tritium were also expressed with the two-site Langmuir model and that the obtained isotherms were close to the reported isotherms, the Langmuir coefficients for which were estimated using a reduced mass of hydrogen isotopes. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tritium Engn Lab, Dept Fus Engn Res, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kawamura, Y (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Tritium Engn Lab, Dept Fus Engn Res, Shirakata Shirane 2-4, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1 BP 54 EP 61 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 267ZG UT WOS:000084388700005 ER PT S AU Baca, AG Chang, PC Li, NY Hou, HQ Monier, C Laroche, J Ren, F Pearton, SJ AF Baca, AG Chang, PC Li, NY Hou, HQ Monier, C Laroche, J Ren, F Pearton, SJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI RF characteristics of GaAs/InGaAsN/GaAs P-n-P double heterojunction bipolar transistors SO GAAS IC SYMPOSIUM - 22ND ANNUAL, TECHNICAL DIGEST 2000 SE TECHNICAL DIGEST - IEEE GALLIUM ARSENIDE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd IEEE GaAs IC Symposium CY NOV 05-08, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Electron Device Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Techn Soc, IEEE Solid-State Circuits Soc ID LASER-DIODES AB We have demonstrated a P-n-P GaAs/InGaAsN/GaAs double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT). The device has a low turn-on voltage (V-ON) that is 0.27 V lower than in a comparable P-n-p AlGaAs/GaAs HBT. The device shows near-ideal DC characteristics with a current gain (beta) greater than 45. The high speed performance of the device are comparable to a similar P-n-p AlGaAs/GaAs HBT, with f(T) and f(MAX) values are both approximately 12 GHz. This device may be suitable for low-power complementary HBT circuit applications, while the aluminum-free emitter structure eliminates issues typically associated with AlGaAs. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Baca, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1064-7775 BN 0-7803-5698-2 J9 TG IEEE GAL ARS PY 2000 BP 63 EP 66 DI 10.1109/GAAS.2000.906291 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR80D UT WOS:000167600400013 ER PT S AU Salmonson, JD Wilson, JR Mathews, GJ AF Salmonson, JD Wilson, JR Mathews, GJ BE Kippen, RM Mallozzi, RS Fishman, GJ TI Gamma-ray bursts via pair plasma fireballs from heated neutron stars SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY OCT 18-22, 1999 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Compton Observ Sci Support Ctr, Curry Fdn ID BINARIES; COLLAPSE AB In this paper we model the emission from a relativistically expanding e(+) e(-) pair plasma fireball originating near the surface of a heated neutron star. This pair fireball is deposited via the annihilation of neutrino pairs emanating from the surface of the hot neutron star. The heating of neutron stars may occur in close neutron star binary systems near their last stable orbit. We model the relativistic expansion and subsequent emission of the plasma and find similar to 10(51) - 10(52) ergs in gamma -rays are produced with spectral and temporal properties consistent with observed gamma-ray bursts. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Salmonson, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-947-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 526 BP 570 EP 574 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BR50D UT WOS:000166661400106 ER PT S AU Band, D Matteson, J Cherry, M Stacy, JG Altice, P Guzik, TG Kappadath, SC Buckley, J Hink, P Macri, J McConnell, M Ryan, J O'Neill, T Zych, A AF Band, D Matteson, J Cherry, M Stacy, JG Altice, P Guzik, TG Kappadath, SC Buckley, J Hink, P Macri, J McConnell, M Ryan, J O'Neill, T Zych, A BE Kippen, RM Mallozzi, RS Fishman, GJ TI MARGIE: A gamma-ray burst ultra-long duration balloon mission SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY OCT 18-22, 1999 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Compton Observ Sci Support Ctr, Curry Fdn ID HEAO-1 AB We are designing MARGIE as a 100 day ULDB mission to: a) detect and localize gamma-ray bursts; and b) survey the hard X-ray sky. MARGIE will consist of one small field-of-view (FOV) and four large FOV coded mask modules mounted on a balloon gondola. The burst position will be calculated onboard and disseminated in near-real time, while information about every count will be telemetered to the ground for further analysis. In a 100-day mission we will localize similar to 40 bursts with peak photon fluxes from 0.14 to similar to 5 ph cm(-2) s(-1) using 1 s integrations; the typical localization resolution will be better than similar to 2 arcminutes. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Band, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, X-2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-947-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 526 BP 696 EP 700 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BR50D UT WOS:000166661400129 ER PT S AU Park, HS Porrata, RA Williams, GG Ables, E Band, DL Barthelmy, SD Bionta, RM Cline, TL Ferguson, DH Fishman, GJ Gehrels, N Hartmann, D Hurley, K Kouveliotou, C Meegan, CA Nemiroff, R Pereira, W AF Park, HS Porrata, RA Williams, GG Ables, E Band, DL Barthelmy, SD Bionta, RM Cline, TL Ferguson, DH Fishman, GJ Gehrels, N Hartmann, D Hurley, K Kouveliotou, C Meegan, CA Nemiroff, R Pereira, W BE Kippen, RM Mallozzi, RS Fishman, GJ TI Super-LOTIS early time optical counterpart measurements SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY OCT 18-22, 1999 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Compton Observ Sci Support Ctr, Curry Fdn ID GAMMA-RAY BURST; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; TRANSIENT; DISCOVERY; AFTERGLOW; EMISSION AB We present an update on our ongoing effort to establish a dedicated observation program with an automated 0.6 meter telescope system that can detect GRB optical signals from 30 s to many hours after the start of the burst. The Super-LOTIS telescope has a 0.8 degrees x 0.8 degrees field-of-view, is sensitive to V 17 similar to 19 objects, depending on the integration times, and will be placed at the Kitt Peak National Observatory. This paper presents technical aspects of this telescope and first results from initial operations at LLNL. Utilizing real-time coordinates from BATSE, BeppoSAX, XTE, IPN, HETE-2 and INTEGRAL, our LOTIS and SLOTIS systems will measure prompt GRB optical light curves that will enhance our understanding of GRBs. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Park, HS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-947-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 526 BP 736 EP 740 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BR50D UT WOS:000166661400137 ER PT S AU Balsano, R Akerlof, C Barthelmy, S Bloch, J Butterworth, P Casperson, D Cline, T Fletcher, S Gisler, G Hills, J Kehoe, R Lee, B Marshall, S McKay, T Pawl, A Priedhorsky, W Seldomridge, N Szymanski, J Wren, J AF Balsano, R Akerlof, C Barthelmy, S Bloch, J Butterworth, P Casperson, D Cline, T Fletcher, S Gisler, G Hills, J Kehoe, R Lee, B Marshall, S McKay, T Pawl, A Priedhorsky, W Seldomridge, N Szymanski, J Wren, J BE Kippen, RM Mallozzi, RS Fishman, GJ TI Rapid optical follow-up observations of SGR events with ROTSE-I SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Huntsville Symposium on Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY OCT 18-22, 1999 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Compton Observ Sci Support Ctr, Curry Fdn ID RAY; SGR-1900+14 AB The primary mission of the Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment (ROTSE) is to search for contemporaneous optical emission from GRBs. Among the triggers ROTSE receives via the GRB Coordinates Network (GCN), there are a number from Sok-Gamma Repeater (SGR) events. Since beginning operations in March 1998, ROTSE-I has triggered on 16 observable SGR events. Ten of these events had useful data, eight events from SGR 1900+14 and two events from SGR 1806-20. The error regions for these SGRs are a small fraction of the ROTSE 16 degrees x 16 degrees field of view and have been searched for new or variable objects. Limits on optical transient counterparts are in the range m(ROTSE) approximate to 12.5 - 15.5 during the period 10 seconds to I hour after the observed SGR events. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Balsano, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-947-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 526 BP 804 EP 808 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BR50D UT WOS:000166661400150 ER PT S AU Benson, S Neil, G Shinn, M AF Benson, S Neil, G Shinn, M BE Basu, S Davis, SJ Dorko, EA TI Measurement and modeling of mirror distortion in a high power FEL SO GAS, CHEMICAL, AND ELECTRICAL LASERS AND INTENSE BEAM CONTROL AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on Gas and Chemical Lasers and Intense Beam Applications CY JAN 24-25, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE accelerator; FEL; infrared; laser; superconducting; resonators AB Mirror heating in a high power FEL can alter the optical mode and affect the gain of the laser. This can lead to a large reduction of the laser power from ideal values. Measurements of the power and mode size in the Jefferson Lab IR Demo laser have shown clear evidence of minor distortion at high average power loading (up to 17 kW incident on the mirrors and over 40 W absorbed per mirror). The measurements and comparisons with modeling will be presented. Both steady state and transient analyses and measurements are considered. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. RP Benson, S (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3548-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3931 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1117/12.384286 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BQ18N UT WOS:000087377800029 ER PT B AU Pruess, K AF Pruess, K GP OECD OECD TI Treatment of two-phase flow in repository performance assessment at Yucca Mountain SO GAS GENERATION AND MIGRATION IN RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL: SAFETY-RELEVANT ISSUES SE RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Gas Generation, Accumulation and Migration in Underground Repository Systems for Radioactive Waste CY JUN 26-28, 2000 CL REIMS, FRANCE SP European Comm, Nucl Energy Agcy, ANDRA, French Natl Radioact Waste Management Agcy ID THICK UNSATURATED ZONES; FRACTURED ROCKS C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pruess, K (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ORGANIZATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION & DEVELOPMENT PI PARIS PA 2, RUE ANDRE PASCAL, CEDEX 16, 75775 PARIS, FRANCE BN 92-64-18672-7 J9 RADIOACT W PY 2000 BP 119 EP 123 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BU74R UT WOS:000176888700012 ER PT S AU Warzinski, RP Lynn, RJ Holder, GD AF Warzinski, RP Lynn, RJ Holder, GD BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI The impact of CO2 clathrate hydrate on deep ocean sequestration of CO2 - Experimental observations and modeling results SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE ID LIQUID CO2; FILMS AB CO2 clathrate hydrate is a crystalline compound that can form under temperature and pressure conditions associated with the Injection and storage of CO2 in the deep ocean (below 500 m), At depths being considered for injection of CO2 (between 1,000 and 1,500 m), in the absence of hydrate formation, the buoyant CO2 would simply rise as it dissolved in the seawater. If, however, the hydrate phase forms, it will affect this process. The impact could be positive or negative, depending on how hydrate forms and whether it Is associated with undissolved CO2. This paper summarizes experimental and theoretical information relating to formation conditions for the hydrate, the relative density of the hydrate, the formation of a hydrate shell on drops of liquid CO2, and the impact that a hydrate shell has on dissolution of CO2. The future direction of the work is also briefly described. C1 US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Warzinski, RP (reprint author), US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. OI Holder, Gerald/0000-0001-8890-794X NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 226 EP 234 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900023 ER PT S AU Ahmadi, G Ji, C Smith, DH AF Ahmadi, G Ji, C Smith, DH BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI A simple model for natural gas production from hydrate decomposition SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE AB This paper describes a model for natural gas production from the decomposition of methane hydrate in a confined reservoir by a depressurizing well, The one-dimensional linearized model suggested by Makogon is used in the analysis. For different well pressures and reservoir temperatures, distributions of temperature and pressure in the porous layer of methane hydrate and in the gas region are evaluated. The distance of the decomposition front from the well to the natural gas output are evaluated as functions of time. Time evolutions of the resulting temperature and pressure profiles in the hydrate reservoir are also studied. C1 Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. US DOE, Morgantown Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Ahmadi, G (reprint author), Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 420 EP 427 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900043 ER PT S AU Allison, E AF Allison, E BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI Department of energy methane hydrate research and development program - An update SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE AB The objective of this paper is to summarize the program planning activities and current research being conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Methane Hydrate Program. C1 US DOE, Off Nat Gas & Petr Technol, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Allison, E (reprint author), US DOE, Off Nat Gas & Petr Technol, FE-32,1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 437 EP 440 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900045 ER PT S AU Circone, S Stern, LA Kirby, SH Pinkston, JC Durham, WB AF Circone, S Stern, LA Kirby, SH Pinkston, JC Durham, WB BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI Methane hydrate dissociation rates at 0.1 MPa and temperatures above 272 K SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE ID CLATHRATE AB We performed rapid depressurization experiments on methane hydrate under isothermal conditions above 272 K to determine the amount and rate of methane evolution, Sample temperatures rapidly drop below 273 K and stabilize near 272.5 It during dissociation. This thermal anomaly and the persistence of methane hydrate are consistent with the reported recovery of partially dissociated methane hydrate from ocean drilling cores. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Circone, S (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 544 EP 555 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900056 ER PT S AU Gering, KL Cherry, RS Weinberg, DM AF Gering, KL Cherry, RS Weinberg, DM BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI Mechanisms for methane gas accumulation under hydrate deposits in sediments SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE ID STABILITY AB Equations that describe partial molal volume effects were used to produce a methane-water-hydrate phase diagram which includes T, P, and aqueous phase methane concentrations. This diagram allows prediction of gas exsolution as a result of local biogenesis or as methane-containing water simply rises through sediments. Such exsolved gas can be trapped in homogeneous sediments by relative permeability effects. Hydrate stability conditions when the system is not at liquid-vapor saturation can also be determined. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Cherry, RS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 623 EP 632 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900064 ER PT S AU Mahajan, D Koetzle, TF Klooster, WT Brammer, L McMullan, RK Goland, AN AF Mahajan, D Koetzle, TF Klooster, WT Brammer, L McMullan, RK Goland, AN BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI Crystal growth, structure characterization, and schemes for economic transport - An integrated approach to the study of natural gas hydrates SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE ID CLATHRATE HYDRATE; DIFFRACTION AB In this paper, two themes are specifically targeted for developing a cost-effective option to transport methane hydrates from distant locations, Under the first theme, data are presented on crystal growth techniques, sample preparation and neutron diffraction studies of 3.5Xe . 8CCl(4). 136D(2)O, xCH(4). 8CCl(4). 136D(2)O, xH(2)S . 8CS(2). 136H(2)O, and 20Br(2). 172D(2)O. Under the second theme, the GTL option is selected wherein methanol is the product of choice for transport. For GTL, the processing of aqueous CH4 by steam reforming is the preferred route to synthesis gas. Subsequent conversion of synthesis gas into methanol will require the formulation of advanced catalysts. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. RP Mahajan, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Bldg 815, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 940 EP 949 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900095 ER PT S AU Thieu, V Subramanian, S Colgate, SO Sloan, ED AF Thieu, V Subramanian, S Colgate, SO Sloan, ED BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI High-pressure optical cell for hydrate measurements using Raman spectroscopy SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE ID PHASE-EQUILIBRIUM; SYSTEM AB A high-pressure optical cell was designed and fabricated for the measurement of hydrate phase equilibria, These measurements were carried out using Raman spectroscopy, which provided molecular microscopic evidence of hydrate dissociation, along with macroscopic temperature and pressure evidence. Initial measurements were made of hydrates formed from methane (CH4) dissolved in deionized water. Distinct signatures of CH4 in different phases (aqueous and sI hydrate) were the basis for this study. Time resolved Raman spectra monitored the dissociation of hydrate as cell temperature was increased, The spectra depicted the transition of CH4 in the two cavities of sI hydrate to CH4 dissolved in water, A pressure trace of the experiment indicated a slight jump in pressure of about 30 psi (0.2 MPa) at the hydrate dissociation point, which agreed with the Raman spectroscopic data. Experimental data obtained using this method agreed well with literature data for the simple methane system. The technique demonstrated that the optical cell is suitable for Raman measurements of hydrate phase equilibria at high pressures. Ultimately, this procedure will be used to measure thermodynamic conditions for more complex systems. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Hydrate Res, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32612 USA. RP Sloan, ED (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Hydrate Res, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 983 EP 992 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900100 ER PT S AU Waite, WF Helgerud, MB Nur, A Pinkston, JC Stern, LA Kirby, SH Durham, WB AF Waite, WF Helgerud, MB Nur, A Pinkston, JC Stern, LA Kirby, SH Durham, WB BE Holder, GD Bishnoi, PR TI Laboratory measurements of compressional and shear wave speeds through methane hydrate SO GAS HYDRATES: CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Gas Hydrates CY JUL 18-22, 1999 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP BP Amoco, Natl Sci Fdn, US DOE ID BRILLOUIN SPECTROSCOPY; CLATHRATE HYDRATE; ICE; STATE AB Simultaneous measurements of compressional and shear wave speeds through polycrystalline methane hydrate have been made, Methane hydrate, grown directly in a wave speed measurement chamber, was uniaxially compacted to a final porosity below 2%.At 277 K, the compacted material had a compressional wave speed of 3,650 +/- 50 m/s, The shear wave speed, measured simultaneously, was 1,890 +/- 30 mis, From these wave speed measurements, we derive V-p/V-s, Poisson's ratio, bulk, shear, and Young's moduli. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Waite, WF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. OI Waite, William/0000-0002-9436-4109 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-242-8 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 912 BP 1003 EP 1010 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BQ70L UT WOS:000089219900102 ER PT S AU Crotinger, JA Cummings, J Haney, S Humphrey, W Karmesin, S Reynders, J Smith, S Williams, TJ AF Crotinger, JA Cummings, J Haney, S Humphrey, W Karmesin, S Reynders, J Smith, S Williams, TJ BE Jazayeri, M Loos, RGK Musser, DR TI Generic programming in POOMA and PETE SO GENERIC PROGRAMMING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Seminar on Generic Programming CY APR 27-MAY 01, 1998 CL WADERN, GERMANY AB POOMA is a C++ framework for developing portable scientific applications for serial and parallel computers using high-level physical abstractions. PETE is an general-purpose expression-template library employed by POOMA to implement expression evaluation. This paper discusses generic programming techniques that axe used to achieve flexibility and high performance in both POOMA and PETE. POOMA's array class factors the data representation and look-up into a generic engine concept. PETE's expression templates are used to build and operate efficiently on expressions. PETE is implemented using generic techniques that allow it to adapt to a variety of client-class interfaces, and to provide a powerful and flexible compile-time expression-tree-traversal mechanism. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Crotinger, JA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-41090-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1766 BP 218 EP 231 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT94W UT WOS:000174538600017 ER PT J AU Zhou, JZ Palumbo, AV AF Zhou, JZ Palumbo, AV TI Sequence to function: The 7th conference on Small Genomes SO GENETICA LA English DT Editorial Material DE conference; genome; genomics; sequencing; microarray; bioinformatics; gene discovery C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhou, JZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PY 2000 VL 108 IS 1 BP vii EP IX PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 372UW UT WOS:000165253300002 PM 11145428 ER PT J AU Fan, WF Wang, ZH Kyzysztof, F Prange, C Lennon, G AF Fan, WF Wang, ZH Kyzysztof, F Prange, C Lennon, G TI A new zinc ribbon gene (ZNRD1) is cloned from the human MHC class I region SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; CLUSTER; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; DNA; KB AB Eleven unique cDNA fragments were identified from YAC B30H3, which spans 330 kb in the human major histocompatibility complex class I region. One fragment (CAT80) was mapped 80 kb telomeric to the HLA-A locus, Using this cDNA fragment as probe, Northern analysis reveals a ubiquitously expressed transcript of about 850 nt in all 16 tissues tested. Based on the cDNA fragment sequence, a full-length cDNA of 858 bp that contains an open reading frame of 378 bp was cloned. Within the putative polypeptide of 126 amino acids, two zinc-ribbon domains were identified: Cx2Cx15Cx2C at the N-terminal and Cx2Cx24Cx2C at the C-terminal, The C-terminal domain is well conserved throughout evolution, including archaea, yeast, Drosophila, nematodes, amphibians, and mammals. The conserved amino acid sequence, CxRCx6Yx3QxRSADEx2TxFxCx2C, is highly homologous to the yeast RNA polymerase A subunit 9 and transcription-associated proteins. Alignment with genomic DNA demonstrates that this gene spans 3.6 kb and consists of four exons and three introns, Cross-species Northern analysis reveals a mouse homolog of a similar size and with an expression profile similar to those of the human gene. We have named this gene ZNRD1 for zinc ribbon domain-containing 1 protein. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Gene Log Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. Xinqiao Hosp, Dept Immunol, Chongqing, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fan, WF (reprint author), Gene Log Inc, 708 Quince Orchard Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 63 IS 1 BP 139 EP 141 DI 10.1006/geno.1999.6040 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 286FC UT WOS:000085432100017 PM 10662553 ER PT J AU Bostick, BC Fendorf, S Fendorf, M AF Bostick, BC Fendorf, S Fendorf, M TI Disulfide disproportionation and CdS formation upon cadmium sorption on FeS2 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SULFIDE MINERAL SURFACES; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; ADSORPTION REDUCTION; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; LOW-TEMPERATURES; PYRITE FORMATION; GOLD DEPOSITION; SALT-MARSH AB Adsorption reactions are important for understanding the distribution of ions between aqueous and solid phases; they govern solution concentrations, bioavailability, and mobility of ions in the environment. Iron disulfide is a sorbent of cadmium in reduced systems but sorption on sulfides is not well understood. The purpose of this research is to determine the surface structures and products of cadmium sorbed on amorphous FeS2. Raman spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy were used to study the disulfide surface. The FeS2 undergoes surface reconstruction and disproportionation during cadmium sorption, which leads to discrete zones of elemental sulfur, cadmium sulfide, and iron hydroxide. Therefore, simple surface complexation is not the predominant mechanism of sorption. Disproportionation may provide a mechanism for the surface to reorganize and for isolated crystalline cadmium sulfide domains to develop. Cadmium surface precipitates are very stable and their formation may be a significant means of attenuating this hazardous element. Thus, it appears that FeS2 may be an important sorbent of cadmium in natural environments. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Idaho, Soil Sci Div, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bostick, BC (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM bbostick@stanford.edu NR 54 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 2000 VL 64 IS 2 BP 247 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00295-1 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 280EQ UT WOS:000085089600008 ER PT J AU McKinley, JP Stevens, TO Westall, F AF McKinley, JP Stevens, TO Westall, F TI Microfossils and paleoenvironments in deep subsurface basalt samples SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE microfossils; paleoenvironments; biogeochemistry; exobiology ID MARTIAN METEORITE ALH84001; LIFE; WASHINGTON; MINERALS; BACTERIA; AQUIFERS; SPRINGS; ROCK; MARS AB Secondary minerals near and within fractures in Columbia River basalts contain objects the size and shape of bacteria. These bacteriomorphs are most commonly rods or ellipses but also include cocci and diplococci forms, vibrioids and club-shaped rods, and associated pairs of objects that suggest cellular division by binary fission. Secondary minerals associated with, enclosing, and making up bacteriomorphs include iron oxyhydroxides, sulfides, and smectites containing ferrous iron. The secondary minerals are intimately intermixed with kerogen. Moreover; bacteriomorphs in the pyrite consist of kerogen. Careful consideration of mineral associations, the occurrence of organic carbon, and the spatial context of bacteriomorphs indicate that they are microfossils. The association of microfossils with minerals formed in reducing environments suggests an ancient ecosystem dominated at least. in part by sulfate-reducing bacteria, similar to communities within these basalts today. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP McKinley, JP (reprint author), Mail Stop K3-61,Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 33 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD JAN-MAR PY 2000 VL 17 IS 1 BP 43 EP 54 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 293VX UT WOS:000085875200004 ER PT J AU Yang, WS Baumgardner, JR AF Yang, WS Baumgardner, JR TI A matrix-dependent transfer multigrid method for strongly variable viscosity infinite Prandtl number thermal convection SO GEOPHYSICAL AND ASTROPHYSICAL FLUID DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE mantle convection; rheology; yield stress; multigrid; matrix-dependent transfer ID MANTLE CONVECTION; EARTHS MANTLE; NEWTONIAN RHEOLOGY; LITHOSPHERE; TRANSITION; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR; STOKES; CREEP; VENUS AB We apply a two-dimensional Cartesian finite element treatment to investigate infinite Prandtl number thermal convection with temperature, strain rate and yield stress dependent rheology using parameters in the range estimated for the mantles of the terrestrial planets. To handle the strong viscosity variations that arise from such nonlinear rheology in solving the momentum equation, we exploit a multigrid method based on matrix-dependent intergrid transfer and the Galerkin coarse grid approximation. We observe that the matrix-dependent transfer algorithm provides an exceptionally robust and efficient means for solving convection problems with extreme viscosity gradients. Our algorithm displays a convergence rate per multigrid cycle about five times better than what other published methods (e.g., CITCOM of Moresi and Solomatov, 1995) offer for cases with similar extreme viscosity variation. The algorithm is explained in detail in this paper. When this method is applied to problems with temperature and strain rate dependent rheologies, we obtain strongly time dependent solutions characterized by episodic avalanching of cold material from the upper boundary layer to the bottom of the convecting domain for a significantly broad range of parameter values. In particular, we observe this behavior for the relatively simple case of temperature dependent Newtonian rheology with a plastic yield stress. The intensity and temporal character of the episodic behavior depends sensitively on the yield stress value. The regions most strongly affected by the yield stress are thickened portions of the cord upper boundary layer which can suddenly become unstable and form downgoing diapirs. These computational results suggest that the finite yield properties of silicate rocks must play a vitally important role in planetary mantle dynamics. Although our example calculations were selected mainly to illustrate the power of our multigrid method, they suggest that many possible exotic behaviors in planetary mantles have yet to be discovered. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B216, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM baumgardner@lanl.gov NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0309-1929 EI 1029-0419 J9 GEOPHYS ASTRO FLUID JI Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. PY 2000 VL 92 IS 3-4 BP 151 EP 195 DI 10.1080/03091920008203715 PG 45 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mechanics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mechanics GA 373NY UT WOS:000165296600001 ER PT J AU Huang, LJ Mora, P Fehler, MC AF Huang, LJ Mora, P Fehler, MC TI Absorbing boundary and free-surface conditions in the phononic lattice solid by interpolation SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE absorbing boundary condition; compressional wave; free surface; lattice Boltzmann; phononic lattice solid; wave propagation ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; EQUATION; MEDIA; TOPOGRAPHY; FLOWS AB We have recently developed a new lattice-Boltzmann-based approach for modelling compressional wave propagation in heterogeneous media, which we call the phononic lattice solid by interpolation (PLSI). In this paper, we propose an absorbing boundary condition for the PLSI method in which the microscopic reflection coefficients at the boundaries of a model are set to zero and viscous layers are added to the boundaries. Numerical simulation examples using the PLSI method and comparisons with exact solutions demonstrate that artificial boundary reflections can be almost completely eliminated when the incidence angle is less than approximately 70 degrees. Beyond this angle, remanent artificial boundary reflections become visible. We propose four methods for modelling free-surface reflections in PLSI simulations. In the first three methods, special collision rules at a free surface are specified to take into account the effect of a free surface on quasi-particle movements (i.e. wave propagation). They are termed the specular bouncing, backward bouncing I, and combined bouncing methods. They involve quasi-particle reflections with a coefficient of - 1 and require the free surface to be located exactly along lattice nodes. For the fourth method, we modify the backward bouncing I model for the case when a free surface is located at any position along lattice links and thus term it the backward bouncing II model. It uses the reflection coefficient at the free surface to calculate the reflected number densities during PLSI simulations. Hence, the free surface is handled in the same way as an interface within a model. Numerical examples and comparisons with exact solutions show that these four methods used at the microscopic scale are all appropriate for modelling macroscopic waves reflected from free surfaces. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Seism Res Ctr, EES Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Queensland, Dept Earth Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Inst Phys Globe, Dept Sismol, F-75252 Paris, France. RP Huang, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Seism Res Ctr, EES Div, Mail Stop D443, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 140 IS 1 BP 147 EP 157 DI 10.1046/j.1365-246x.2000.00996.x PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 285BB UT WOS:000085367400015 ER PT J AU Goldstein, BE Neugebauer, M Zhang, LD Gary, SP AF Goldstein, BE Neugebauer, M Zhang, LD Gary, SP TI Observed constraint on proton-proton relative velocities in the solar wind SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INSTABILITIES AB From June 1994 to December 1995 the Ulysses spacecraft was within 3 AU of the Sun and traveled from high southern to high northern heliospheric latitudes. For this period, SWOOPS instrument data obtained when the magnetic field was approximately aligned with the radial direction from the Sun have been analyzed. In the fast wind at high latitudes, two resolvable proton components are typically present. Statistical studies of the relative densities and the field- aligned velocity difference, upsilon(omicron), of the two components are carried out, considering the dependence on distance from the Sun, the local Alfven speed, and the type of solar wind flow. The observed values of upsilon(omicron)/upsilon(A), where upsilon(A) is the local Alfven speed, are less than the upper bound determined from the linear theory for electromagnetic proton-proton instabilities. This result is good evidence that these microinstabilities constrain the relative streaming of the two components in the solar wind. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Dynam Engn, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goldstein, BE (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 14 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 27 IS 1 BP 53 EP 56 DI 10.1029/1999GL003637 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 273QX UT WOS:000084719300015 ER PT J AU Daily, W Ramirez, AL AF Daily, W Ramirez, AL TI Electrical imaging of engineered hydraulic barriers SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOMOGRAPHY AB Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) was used to image the full-scale test emplacement of a thin-wall grout barrier installed by high-pressure jetting and a thick-wall polymer barrier installed by low-pressure permeation injection. Both case studies compared images of electrical resistivity before and after barrier installation. Barrier materials were imaged as anomalies which were more electrically conducting than the native sandy soils at the test sites. Although the spatial resolution of the ERT was insufficient to resolve flaws smaller than a reconstruction voxel (50 cm on a side), the images did show the spatial extent of the barrier materials and therefore the general shape of the structures. To verify barrier performance, ERT was also used to monitor a flood test of a thin-wall grout barrier. Electrical resistivity changes were imaged as a saltwater tracer moved through the barrier at locations which were later found to be defects in a wall or the joining of two walls. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Daily, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, MS L-130, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 65 IS 1 BP 83 EP 94 DI 10.1190/1.1444728 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 282YQ UT WOS:000085249700007 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW Karasaki, K Doughty, C AF Vasco, DW Karasaki, K Doughty, C TI Using surface deformation to image reservoir dynamics SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; CRUSTAL DEFORMATION; FLUID WITHDRAWAL; LONG VALLEY; INVERSION; DISPLACEMENTS; CALIFORNIA; MEDIA; EARTHQUAKE; CALDERA AB The inversion of surface deformation data such as tilt, displacement, or strain provides a noninvasive method for monitoring subsurface volume change. Reservoir volume change is related directly to processes such as pressure variations induced by injection and withdrawal. The inversion procedure is illustrated by an application to tiltmeter data from the Hijiori test site in Japan. An inversion of surface tilt data allows us to image how processes in a fractured granodiorite. Approximately 650 barrels of water, injected 2 km below the surface, produces a peak surface tilt of the order of 0.8 microradians. We find that the pattern of volume change in the granodiorite is very asymmetrical, elongated in a north-northwesterly direction, and the maximum volume change is offset by more than 0.7 km to the east of the pumping well. The inversion of a suite of leveling data from the Wilmington oil field in Long Beach, California, images large-scale reservoir volume changes in 12 one- to two-year increments from 1976 to 1996. The influence of various production strategies is seen in the reservoir volume changes. In particular, a steam flood in fault block ZI in the northwest portion of the field produced a sudden decrease in reservoir volume. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Bldg 90,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM dwvasco@lbl.gov; kkarasaki@lbl.gov; cadoughty@lbl.gov RI Doughty, Christine/G-2389-2015; Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016 OI Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 NR 54 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 EI 1942-2156 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 65 IS 1 BP 132 EP 147 DI 10.1190/1.1444704 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 282YQ UT WOS:000085249700012 ER PT J AU Herman, GC Milligan, PA Huggins, RJ Rector, JW AF Herman, GC Milligan, PA Huggins, RJ Rector, JW TI Imaging shallow objects and heterogeneities with scattered guided waves SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-WAVES; INVERSE SCATTERING; SEISMIC DATA; REMOVAL AB Current surface seismic reflection techniques based on the common-midpoint (CMP) reflection stacking method cannot be readily used to image small objects in the first few meters of a weathered layer. We discuss a seismic imaging method to detect such objects; it uses the first-arrival (guided) wave, scattered by shallow heterogeneities and converted into scattered Rayleigh waves. These guided waves and Rayleigh waves are dominant in the shallow weathered layer and therefore might be suitable for shallow object imaging. We applied this method to a field data set and found that we could certainly image meter-size objects up to about 3 m off to the side of a survey line consisting of vertical geophones. There are indications that cross-line horizontal geophone data could be used to identify shallow objects up to 10 m offline in the same region. C1 Delft Univ Technol, Ctr Tech Geosci, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. GeoMetr Inc, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Herman, GC (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Ctr Tech Geosci, Mekelweg 4, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. NR 7 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 65 IS 1 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1190/1.1444715 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 282YQ UT WOS:000085249700022 ER PT J AU Gantovnik, V Russell, A Chumbley, S Wongpreedee, K Field, D AF Gantovnik, V Russell, A Chumbley, S Wongpreedee, K Field, D TI Advances in deformation processed gold composites SO GOLD BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID WORKED INSITU COMPOSITES; PLATE-LIKE STRUCTURES; IN-SITU COMPOSITES; SHAPE INSTABILITIES; NB; STRENGTH; MICROSTRUCTURE; STRAINS; ALLOYS AB Conventional metallic composites are comprised of a metal matrix with a ceramic second phase. In recent years, composites have been developed in which both the matrix and the reinforcing phase are ductile metals. In 1998 a 90 vol%Au - 10 vol% Ag metal-metal composite wire was produced and found to possess both high tensile strength (550 MPa) and low electrical resistivity (2.56 m ohm-cm). In that composite, the silver reinforcing phase consisted of sub-micron diameter filaments parallel to the wire axis. This article describes the microstructures, mechanical properties, and electrical resistivity of three gold matrix composites in which the reinforcing phases are 7 vol% Ag, 14 vol% Ag, and 7 vol%Pt. These composites were drawn to diameters as small as 60 microns. Results from wedge bonding trials with these composite wires are also reported. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gantovnik, V (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU WORLD GOLD COUNCIL PI LONDON PA 45 PALL MALL, LONDON SW1Y 5JG, ENGLAND SN 0017-1557 J9 GOLD BULL JI Gold Bull. PY 2000 VL 33 IS 4 BP 128 EP + PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 408NE UT WOS:000167331600003 ER PT S AU Wielopolski, L Hendrey, G Daniels, J McGuigan, M AF Wielopolski, L Hendrey, G Daniels, J McGuigan, M BE Noon, DA Stickley, GF Longstaff, D TI Imaging tree root systems in situ SO GPR 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GROUND PENETRATING RADAR SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR 2000) CY MAY 23-26, 2000 CL UNIV QUEENSLAND, GOLD COAST, AUSTRALIA SP CSIRO, GSSI, Georadar Res, Mala Geosci, Roadscanners, CSSIP HO UNIV QUEENSLAND ID CARBON AB Predictions of global energy use in this century suggest a continued increase in carbon emissions and rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. This represents a serious environmental problem and contributes significantly to greenhouse gases that affect global warming. Terrestrial ecosystems are a huge natural biological scrubber for CO2 currently sequestering, directly from the atmosphere, about 25% (similar to 2GtC) of the 7.4 Gt of anthropogenic carbon emitted annually into the atmosphere. The major carbon pathways into soil are through plant litter and roots. Presently, there are no means by which root morphology, distribution, and mass can be measured without serious sampling artifacts that alter these properties. The current methods are destructive and labor intensive. Preliminary results using a high frequency, 1.5 Ghz, impulse Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) for non-destructive imaging of tree root systems in situ are presented. The 3D reconstructed image is used to assess root morphology and dimensions. The constraints, limitations, and potential solutions for using GPR for tree root systems imaging and analysis are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wielopolski, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3726-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4084 BP 642 EP 646 DI 10.1117/12.383538 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Geology; Optics GA BQ56J UT WOS:000088778100113 ER PT S AU Becher, PF Painter, GS Lin, HT AF Becher, PF Painter, GS Lin, HT BE Sakuma, T Sheppard, LM Ikuhara, Y TI The effects of intergranular films on the mechanical behavior of self-reinforced ceramics SO GRAIN BOUNDARY ENGINEERING IN CERAMICS - FROM GRAIN BOUNDARY PHENOMENA TO GRAIN BOUNDARY QUANTUM STRUCTURES SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International JFCC Workshop on Fine Ceramics CY MAR 15-17, 2000 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Japan Fine Ceram Ctr ID IMPROVED FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; SILICON-NITRIDE; MICROSTRUCTURAL DESIGN; OXYNITRIDE GLASSES; INTERFACES; WHISKERS; ALUMINA AB Self-reinforced silicon nitride ceramics exhibiting high toughness and strength are obtained by tailoring the size and number of the bridging grains. In each material, bridging mechanisms rely on debonding of the reinforcing grains from the matrix to increase toughness. Interfacial debonding can be influenced by the nature of the intergranular films, whose composition and properties are a function of the sintering aids. In silicon nitride ceramics that use alumina as one of the sintering aids, the amorphous intergranular films surround beta -Si3N4 grains on which epitaxial beta- SiAlON layers form. In this case, interfacial debonding is dependent on the composition of the SiAlON layer, becoming more difficult as the Al (and O) content of the SiAlON increases. This appears to be a result of the formation of strong Si-O, Si-N and Al-O bonds across the glass-crystalline interface. Observations by others also reveal that the interfacial debonding conditions required in the toughening process can be altered in the presence of amorphous Si-O-N intergranular films and in "special" grain boundaries. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Becher, PF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-115-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2000 VL 118 BP 401 EP 409 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BS74H UT WOS:000171040600046 ER PT S AU Cannon, RM Ruhle, M Hoffmann, MJ French, RH Gu, H Tomsia, AP Saiz, E AF Cannon, RM Ruhle, M Hoffmann, MJ French, RH Gu, H Tomsia, AP Saiz, E BE Sakuma, T Sheppard, LM Ikuhara, Y TI Adsorption and wetting mechanisms at ceramic grain boundaries SO GRAIN BOUNDARY ENGINEERING IN CERAMICS - FROM GRAIN BOUNDARY PHENOMENA TO GRAIN BOUNDARY QUANTUM STRUCTURES SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International JFCC Workshop on Fine Ceramics CY MAR 15-17, 2000 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Japan Fine Ceram Ctr ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; INTERGRANULAR FILM THICKNESS; SUPERPLASTIC SIO2-DOPED TZP; IMPROVED FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; TOUGHENED SILICON-CARBIDE; PHASE-SINTERED ALUMINA; LATTICE-GAS MODEL; LIQUID-PHASE; HAMAKER CONSTANTS; SPACE-CHARGE AB Various models of impurity segregation at grain boundaries are discussed. Also, some general differences are identified for effects of partial wetting plus adsorption versus complete wetting on key aspects of microstructures, including the impurity partition, for polycrystals containing a liquid phase. Behavior for some oxide and silicon-based ceramics and selected metals is compared. For some, evidence exists that submonolayer adsorption occurs. However, in other ceramics, nanometer thick, disordered layers are seen via TEM. The latter have been attributed to wetting by a liquid phase, but this is overly simple and can lead to erroneous expectations. For example, in a growing list of instances, compositions of boundary films are found to differ from those of the second phase with which they coexist. Thus, considering these in terms of multilayer adsorption or prewetting layers is useful, even if models are only qualitatively applicable to ceramic materials. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MSD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cannon, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MSD, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI French, Roger/E-1986-2011 OI French, Roger/0000-0002-6162-0532 NR 117 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-115-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2000 VL 118 BP 427 EP 444 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BS74H UT WOS:000171040600049 ER PT J AU McKay, LD Sanford, WE Strong, JM AF McKay, LD Sanford, WE Strong, JM TI Field-scale migration of colloidal tracers in a fractured shale saprolite SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; BACTERIOPHAGE; TILL; SOIL AB A field-scale tracer experiment carried out under natural gradient ground water flow conditions showed that colloids can be highly mobile in a fractured and highly weathered shale saprolite. Four colloidal tracers (0.100 mu m fluorescent latex microspheres, bacteriophage strains PRD-1 and MS-2, and INA, a dead strain of Pseudemonas syringae), were introduced to a 6.4 m deep well, and concentrations of the tracers were monitored in the source well and in downgradient monitoring wells at distances of 2 to 35 m, till of the colloidal tracers were detected to distances of at least 13.5 m and two of the tracers (microspheres and INA) were detected in all of the downgradient wells. In most wells the colloidal tracers appeared as a "pulse," with rapid first arrival (corresponding to 5 to 200 m/d transport velocity), one to six days of high concentrations, and then a rapid decline to below the detection Limit. The colloids mere transported at velocities of up to 500 times faster than solute tracers (He, Ne, and rhodamine-WT) from previous tests at the site. This is believed to be largely due to greater diffusion of the solutes into the relatively immobile pore water of the fine-grained matrix between fractures. Peak colloid tracer concentrations in the monitoring wells varied substantially,,vith the microspheres exhibiting the highest relative concentrations and hence the least retention. Rates of concentration decline with distance also varied, indicating that retention is not a uniform process in this heterogeneous material, Two of the tracers, INA and PRD-1, reappeared in several monitoring wells one to five months after the initial pulse had passed, and the reappearance generally corresponds with increased seasonal precipitation. This is consistent with subsequent laboratory experiments that showed that colloid retention in these materials is sensitive to factors such as flow rate and ionic strength, both of which are expected to vary with the amount of precipitation. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McKay, LD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Geol Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Sanford, William/F-7380-2016 OI Sanford, William/0000-0001-9085-1367 NR 30 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 15 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2000.tb00211.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 326WW UT WOS:000087761100025 ER PT B AU Bukowski, JM Peterson, LN Sorenson, KS AF Bukowski, JM Peterson, LN Sorenson, KS BE Bjerg, PL Engesgaard, P Krom, TD TI Characterization of a chlorinated solvent source area in a fractured rock aquifer at INEEL, Idaho SO GROUNDWATER 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Groundwater Research CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP Tech Univ Denmark, Groundwater Res Ctr, Danish Water Resources Comm, European Sci Fdn, Groundwater Pollut Programme, COWI Fdn, Danish Environm Protect Agcy, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, UNESCO, Int Hydrol Programme, Geol Survey Denmark, Geol Survey Greenland, Soc Environm Engn DE characterization; source area; trichloroethene; fractured rock AB Test Area North at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory is the site of extensive characterization studies conducted to support remediation of a trichloroethene source area in a fractured basalt aquifer. The studies have resulted in a conceptual model of groundwater flow and contaminant transport that integrates hydrogeologic, geophysical, and chemical data, Conceptual model development is an iterative process that continually incorporates flow- and transport-controlling heterogeneities as they are defined through application of numerous characterization techniques. Each iteration contributes to focused source area remediation strategy development, including design and optimization. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Bukowski, JM (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-133-3 PY 2000 BP 7 EP 8 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ45E UT WOS:000088384300002 ER PT B AU Sorenson, KS Peterson, LN Barnes, JM Ely, RL AF Sorenson, KS Peterson, LN Barnes, JM Ely, RL BE Bjerg, PL Engesgaard, P Krom, TD TI Dispersion and intrinsic degradation of trichloroethene under aerobic conditions in a basalt aquifer SO GROUNDWATER 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Groundwater Research CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP Tech Univ Denmark, Groundwater Res Ctr, Danish Water Resources Comm, European Sci Fdn, Groundwater Pollut Programme, COWI Fdn, Danish Environm Protect Agcy, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, UNESCO, Int Hydrol Programme, Geol Survey Denmark, Geol Survey Greenland, Soc Environm Engn DE trichloroethene; dispersion; natural attenuation; biodegradation; cometabolism AB Natural attenuation of a large trichloroethene (TCE) plume has been evaluated through the analysis of TCE transport relative to two co-contaminants, tetrachloroethene (PCE) and tritium. This approach allowed degradation to be estimated, independent of dispersion and sorption. A TCE degradation half-life in the range of 8 to 17 years was estimated relative to tritium and PCE. The significance of distinguishing dispersion from degradation was shown through both an analytical and a numerical model revealing that the effect of dispersion on attenuation of concentrations in a plume whose source has been removed is not constant with lime. Based on laboratory microbiological screening studies and field data, aerobic cometabolism has been identified as a potential mechanism for the observed TCE degradation. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Sorenson, KS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-133-3 PY 2000 BP 341 EP 342 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ45E UT WOS:000088384300153 ER PT B AU Sorenson, KS Peterson, LN Ely, RL AF Sorenson, KS Peterson, LN Ely, RL BE Bjerg, PL Engesgaard, P Krom, TD TI In situ biostimulation of reductive dehalogenation - dependence on redox conditions and electron donor distribution SO GROUNDWATER 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Groundwater Research CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP Tech Univ Denmark, Groundwater Res Ctr, Danish Water Resources Comm, European Sci Fdn, Groundwater Pollut Programme, COWI Fdn, Danish Environm Protect Agcy, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, UNESCO, Int Hydrol Programme, Geol Survey Denmark, Geol Survey Greenland, Soc Environm Engn DE dehalogenation; trichloroethene; biostimulation; bioremediation; redox AB A large-scale field evaluation of enhanced biodegradation of chloroethenes using lactate as an electron donor was recently performed at Test Area North of the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. A residual source of chloroethenes, primarily trichloroethene, is present in the fractured basalt aquifer at the site, from about 60 to 120 m below land surface. The residual source area is approximately 60 m in diameter. Dechlorination was strongly correlated with elevated chemical oxygen demand measurements, and the extent of dechlorination was strongly correlated with terminal electron acceptor processes. The onset of dechlorination coincided with the onset of sulfate reduction, and significant conversion to ethene was only observed in the presence of methanogenesis. After less than 1 year, the redox conditions were successfully manipulated to achieve complete dechlorination in this complex hydrogeologic setting. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Sorenson, KS (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-133-3 PY 2000 BP 379 EP 380 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ45E UT WOS:000088384300168 ER PT B AU Starr, RC AF Starr, RC BE Bjerg, PL Engesgaard, P Krom, TD TI In situ chemical oxidation for remediating chloroethenes in fractured rock aquifers SO GROUNDWATER 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Groundwater Research CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP Tech Univ Denmark, Groundwater Res Ctr, Danish Water Resources Comm, European Sci Fdn, Groundwater Pollut Programme, COWI Fdn, Danish Environm Protect Agcy, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, UNESCO, Int Hydrol Programme, Geol Survey Denmark, Geol Survey Greenland, Soc Environm Engn DE groundwater; remediation; oxidation; NAPL; organic; source; field tests AB In situ chemical oxidation, i.e. the injection of a strong oxidant such as permanganate into a contaminated aquifer, can be used to remediate secondary sources of contaminants. Secondary sources include contaminants in the sorbed or non-aqueous phases, as well as dissolved in the porewater of less permeable portions of a medium. Single well push pull tests can be used as a field test method to measure the rate and extent of oxidation reactions. The effectiveness of oxidation or other remedial technologies can be assessed by observing the rate of concentration rebound after injection of potable water. The rebound rate is a direct measure of the rate of mass transfer from the secondary source into groundwater, and hence a reduction in the mass transfer rate should be reflected in a reduced rate of concentration rebound. Development of this approach for use with single well push pull tests is an active area of research. C1 Bechtel BWXT Idaho LLC, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Geosci, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Starr, RC (reprint author), Bechtel BWXT Idaho LLC, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Geosci, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-133-3 PY 2000 BP 401 EP 402 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ45E UT WOS:000088384300178 ER PT B AU Peterson, LN Jantz, AE Rothermel, JR Sorenson, KS AF Peterson, LN Jantz, AE Rothermel, JR Sorenson, KS BE Bjerg, PL Engesgaard, P Krom, TD TI Managing a Post-ROD technology evaluation decision process to optimize chloroethene-contaminated fractured rock aquifer remediation at INEEL, Idaho, USA SO GROUNDWATER 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Groundwater Research CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SP Tech Univ Denmark, Groundwater Res Ctr, Danish Water Resources Comm, European Sci Fdn, Groundwater Pollut Programme, COWI Fdn, Danish Environm Protect Agcy, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, UNESCO, Int Hydrol Programme, Geol Survey Denmark, Geol Survey Greenland, Soc Environm Engn DE trichloroethene; fractured rock; remediation; decision AB A Record of Decision (ROD) was issued in August 1995 for a 3-km long trichloroethene plume in a fractured basalt aquifer in Idaho, USA. The ROD identified pump-and-treat as the default remedy for the site; however, five alternative technologies were identified to be evaluated for their ability to replace or enhance traditional pump-and-treat for overall plume restoration. Integrating the default remedy with five technology evaluations required development of a plume restoration management strategy that maintained source area containment while completing the alternative technology evaluations. The process resulted in the decision by the regulatory agencies to replace pump-and-treat using enhanced in situ bioremediation in the residual source area and monitored natural attenuation for most of the dissolved-phase plume. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Peterson, LN (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-133-3 PY 2000 BP 435 EP 436 PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BQ45E UT WOS:000088384300194 ER PT B AU Tsang, CF AF Tsang, CF BE Sililo, O TI Modeling groundwater flow and mass transport in heterogeneous media: Issues and challenges SO GROUNDWATER: PAST ACHIEVEMENTS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXXth International-Association-of-Hydrogeolgists Congress on Groundwater: Past Achievements and Future Challenges CY NOV 26-DEC 01, 2000 CL CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA SP Int Assoc Hydrogebl, UNESCO, WRC, DWAF, Carl Duisberg Gesell EV, GCS, UMVOTO, NRF, Cape Metropolitan Council, KLM Consulting Serv, SRK Consulting Engineers & Sci, E Martinelli & Associates, GSSA, IGS ID POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; FRACTURED ROCKS; INVERSION; TRANSMISSIVITY; DISPERSION; TOMOGRAPHY; AQUIFERS; SCALE; MACRODISPERSION AB The need for predictions of groundwater flow and contaminant transport in the subsurface-over large distances and long time periods-has imposed extraordinary demands on the field of hydrogeology. Such a need arises in assessing the safety of a geologic nuclear waste repository and in evaluating groundwater contamination and remediation designs. One of the main difficulties in modeling groundwater flow and mass transport is the heterogeneity of the flow system, both in terms of its characterization through in situ measurements and its conceptualization and simulation. This paper reviews some important issues and challenges in modeling flow and transport in heterogeneous media, and discusses approaches to address certain aspects of the problem. Topics discussed include dynamic flow channeling, tracer breakthrough curves, multiple scales for flow in fractured rocks, different scales in measurement, modeling, prediction and heterogeneity, and system characterization and analysis for predictive modeling. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsang, CF (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 47 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-159-7 PY 2000 BP 49 EP 57 PG 5 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA BR43C UT WOS:000166343500007 ER PT S AU Prettyman, TH Browne, MC Ianakiev, KD Moss, CE Soldner, SA AF Prettyman, TH Browne, MC Ianakiev, KD Moss, CE Soldner, SA BE James, RB Schirato, RC TI Characterization of a large-volume, multi-element CdZnTe detector SO HARD X-RAY GAMMA-RAY AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE CdZnTe; coplanar grid; room temperature; semiconductor; gamma-ray detectors; spectroscopy; safeguards ID COPLANAR AB In this paper, we present results of experiments to characterize a large-volume (4 cm(3)), multi-element CdZnTe detector for high-efficiency, gamma-ray spectroscopy. The module includes an array of eight 0.5 cm(3) coplanar grid detectors manufactured by eV Products. An eight-channel data acquisition system with list mode output is used to record gamma-ray events for each detector in the array. The List mode data are analyzed to determine the efficiency for coincidence events and to demonstrate different modes of operation (e.g., Compton suppression). The total efficiency of the array is found to match Monte Carlo calculations to within a few percent; however, the full-energy (photopeak) efficiency is significantly lower than predicted by Monte Carlo. The observed difference is probably caused by a combination of electrode design and charge transport properties. Approaches to improve full-energy efficiency are proposed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prettyman, TH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E540, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3786-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4141 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1117/12.407567 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BR62H UT WOS:000166964500001 ER PT S AU Cooke, DW Muenchausen, RE Bennett, BL McClellan, KJ Roper, JM Whittaker, MT Portis, AM AF Cooke, DW Muenchausen, RE Bennett, BL McClellan, KJ Roper, JM Whittaker, MT Portis, AM BE James, RB Schirato, RC TI Intrinsic trapping sites and ion-lattice coupling parameters of cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate SO HARD X-RAY GAMMA-RAY AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE lutetium oxyorthosilicate; scintillator; thermally stimulated luminescence; optical absorption ID SCINTILLATORS; CRYSTALS; LSO; THERMOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; MECHANISM AB Cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO:Ce) is an excellent scintillator due to its fast decay time (similar to 40 ns), excellent brightness (>3x bismuth germanate), and high density (7.4 gm/cm(3)). However, the luminescence process in this technologically important scintillator is not well understood. Elucidation of electronic traps and their role in scintillator afterglow is lacking and fundamental ion-lattice coupling parameters have not been established. From thermally stimulated luminescence and emission spectra data on several oxyorthosilicates we show the traps to be intrinsic and uniquely associated with the C2/c crystal structure. Temperature dependent optical absorption measurements reveal prominent Gaussian bands at 3.432 eV (peak a), 3.502 eV (peak b), 4.236 eV (peak c) and 4.746 eV (peak d). The second moments are well described by the usual linear coupling model yielding the Huang-Rhys parameter and vibrational quantum energies for each peak. Oscillator strengths of the 4f --> 5d transitions are calculated from Smakula's formula and knowledge of the cerium distribution between the two crystallographically inequivalent sites. From the known correlation between average Ce-ion-ligand distance and oscillator strength we conclude that peak a is correlated with the seven-oxygen-coordinated site, and peaks b, c and d are associated with the six-oxygen-coordinated site. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cooke, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3786-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4141 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1117/12.407571 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BR62H UT WOS:000166964500011 ER PT S AU Amman, M Luke, PN AF Amman, M Luke, PN BE James, RB Schirato, RC TI Position-sensitive germanium detectors for gamma-ray imaging and spectroscopy SO HARD X-RAY GAMMA-RAY AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE gamma-ray imaging; gamma-ray spectroscopy; germanium detector; position sensing; orthogonal strip ID BLOCKING CONTACTS; RESOLUTION; ENERGY AB Gamma-ray imaging with position-sensitive germanium detectors offers the advantages of excellent energy resolution, high detection efficiency, and potentially good spatial resolution. The development of the amorphous-semiconductor electrical contact technology for germanium detectors has simplified the production of these position-sensitive detectors and has made possible the use of unique detection schemes and detector geometries. We have fabricated prototype orthogonal-strip detectors for gamma-ray imaging studies using this contact technology. With these detectors, we demonstrate that a gamma-ray interaction event in the detector can be located in three dimensions. This more accurate determination of the interaction event position should ultimately lead to better image resolution. We have also taken advantage of the bipolar blocking nature of the amorphous-semiconductor contacts in order to investigate the use of field-shaping electrodes. The addition of such electrodes is shown to improve the spectroscopic performance of the detectors by substantially eliminating charge collection to the inter-electrode surfaces. In addition, we demonstrate that this incomplete charge collection process can also be reduced by adjusting the properties of the amorphous-semiconductor layer. In this paper, we summarize the development of these position-sensitive detectors and present the results of our studies with the detectors. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Amman, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3786-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4141 BP 144 EP 156 DI 10.1117/12.407575 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BR62H UT WOS:000166964500015 ER PT S AU Wright, GW James, RB Chinn, D Brunett, BA Olsen, RW Van Scyoc, J Clift, M Burger, A Chattopadhyay, K Shi, D Wingfield, R AF Wright, GW James, RB Chinn, D Brunett, BA Olsen, RW Van Scyoc, J Clift, M Burger, A Chattopadhyay, K Shi, D Wingfield, R BE James, RB Schirato, RC TI Evaluation of NH4F/H2O2 effectiveness as a surface passivation agent for Cd1-xZnxTe crystals SO HARD X-RAY GAMMA-RAY AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE ID TELLURIDE SURFACES; CADMIUM TELLURIDE AB Various passivating agents that reduced the surface leakage current of CZT crystals have been previously reported. In one of the studies, NH4F/H2O2 was identified as a promising passivation agent for CZT. We now present a study that includes the effect of NH4F/H2O2 treatment on the surface properties and detector performance. An elemental depth profile was obtained via Auger Electron Spectroscopy. Furthermore, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy acquired at different processing times to identify the chemical states of the elemental species that composed the dielectric layer. It was found that the NH4F/H2O2 surface passivation significantly improved the sensitivity and energy resolution of CZT detectors. Furthermore, the NH4F/N2O2 treatment did not attack the Au electrodes, which eliminated the need to protect the contacts in the detector fabrication process. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wright, GW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3786-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4141 BP 324 EP 335 DI 10.1117/12.407594 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BR62H UT WOS:000166964500035 ER PT J AU Stehney, AF Lucas, HF AF Stehney, AF Lucas, HF TI Thorium isotopes in autopsy samples from thorium workers SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thorium; occupational safety; exposure, occupational; industrial hygiene AB Concentrations of Th-232 and activity ratios of Th-228 to Th-232 and Th-230 to Th-232 were determined in autopsy samples from five former employees of a thorium refinery. The ranges of Th-232 activity concentrations (mBq per gram of wet tissue) were 0.17-94 in lungs, 3.9-1210 in pulmonary lymph nodes, 0.14-1.19 in bones, 0.015-0.68 in liver, 0.97-5.8 in spleen, and 0.009-0.068 in kidneys. These concentrations are 10 to 1,000 times greater than have been reported for persons not occupationally exposed to thorium. In most of the samples, the ratios of Th-228 to Th-232 and Th-230 to Th-232 activity at death of the subject were 0.2-0.4 and 0.1-0.2, respectively. Th-228 to Ra-228 activity ratios (+/- standard errors) of 0.86 +/- 0.11 in lungs and 1.18 +/- 0.13 in lymph nodes of one subject were obtained by calculation from ratios of Th-228 to Th-232. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Safety & Hlth Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Lucas Lab Inc, Sedona, AZ 86336 USA. EM avasteh@aol.com NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 78 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1097/00004032-200001000-00003 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 266RL UT WOS:000084313700003 PM 10608304 ER PT B AU Ice, GE Larson, BC Walker, FJ Chung, KS Yang, W Budai, JD Tischler, JZ Tamura, N Chen, H Chung, JS Lowe, W AF Ice, GE Larson, BC Walker, FJ Chung, KS Yang, W Budai, JD Tischler, JZ Tamura, N Chen, H Chung, JS Lowe, W BE Funatani, K Totten, G TI Sub-grain measurement of stress with a 3D x-ray microscope SO HEAT TREATING, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Conference on Heat Treating CY OCT 09-12, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP ASM Int, Heat Treating Soc ID MICRODIFFRACTION; DIFFRACTION; TEXTURE; STRAIN AB Characterization of stress has long been recognized as essential for the prediction of materials behavior. However, direct three-dimensional (3-D) measurements of sub-grain microscopic stress tensor distributions have not been available to guide theories of mesoscale dynamics. Here we report on advances in software and instrumentation that make it possible to determine 3-D stress tensor distributions in polycrystalline materials with a spatial resolution below the grain size of most materials. Based on the success of a prototype, a powerful 3-D x-ray crystal microscope is now being constructed to push stress measurements to gauge volumes less than 0.25 cubic microns. The UnicatII beamline 34-ID microscope will provide new information certain to challenge emerging models of mesoscale dynamics and to identify and quantify previously hidden mesoscopic processes. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ice, GE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Yang, Wenge/H-2740-2012; Budai, John/R-9276-2016; OI Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306; Walker, Frederick/0000-0002-8094-249X NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-727-6 PY 2000 BP 402 EP 407 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BU05S UT WOS:000174876300056 ER PT B AU Babu, SS Vitek, JM Babu, SS AF Babu, SS Vitek, JM Babu, SS BE Funatani, K Totten, G TI Prediction of heat treatment effects using computational thermodynamic and kinetic models SO HEAT TREATING, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Conference on Heat Treating CY OCT 09-12, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP ASM Int, Heat Treating Soc ID FIELD-ION MICROSCOPY; STEEL; TYPE-308; FERRITE; SYSTEM C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Babu, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-727-6 PY 2000 BP 641 EP 647 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BU05S UT WOS:000174876300089 ER PT B AU McDeavitt, SM Billings, GW Indacochea, JE AF McDeavitt, SM Billings, GW Indacochea, JE BE Funatani, K Totten, G TI Interaction phenomena at refractory metals/ceramic interfaces SO HEAT TREATING, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual Conference on Heat Treating CY OCT 09-12, 2000 CL ST LOUIS, MO SP ASM Int, Heat Treating Soc ID METAL; CERAMICS AB The objective of this study was to understand the interface chemical reactions between stable ceramics and reactive liquid metals, and developing microstructures. Experiments were conducted at elevated temperatures where small metal samples of Zr and Zr-alloy were placed on top of selected oxide and non-oxide ceramic substrates (Y2O3, ZrN, ZrC, and HfC). The sample stage was heated in high-purity argon to about 2000degreesC, held in most cases for five minutes at the peak temperature, and then cooled to room temperature at similar to20degreesC/min. An external video camera was used to monitor the in-situ wetting and interface reactions. Post-test examinations of the systems were conducted by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. It was determined that the Zr and the Zr-alloy are very active in the wetting of stable ceramics at elevated temperatures. In addition, in some systems, such as Zr/ZrN, a reactive transition phase formed between the ceramic and the metal. In other systems, such as Zr/Y2O3, Zr/ZrC and Zr/HfC, no reaction products formed, but a continuous and strong joint developed under these circumstances also. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP McDeavitt, SM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-727-6 PY 2000 BP 1029 EP 1035 PG 3 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA BU05S UT WOS:000174876300149 ER PT B AU Peskin, ME AF Peskin, ME BE Huitu, K KurkiSuonio, H TI Theoretical summary SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 99, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics (HEP 99) CY JUL 15-21, 1999 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND ID SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODELS; DIRECT CP VIOLATION; LARGE EXTRA DIMENSIONS; LIGHTEST HIGGS BOSON; DOMAIN-WALL QUARKS; TOP-QUARK; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; EXTENDED TECHNICOLOR; COLLIDER SIGNATURES; GRAND UNIFICATION AB In this concluding lecture of the High Energy Physics 99 Conference, I will review a number of topics that were highlighted at the meeting and have more general importance in high energy physics. The major topics discussed are (1) precision electroweak physics, (2) CP violation, (3) new directions in QCD, (4) supersymmetry spectroscopy, and (5) the experimental physics of extra dimensions. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM mpeskin@slac.stanford.edu NR 131 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0661-0 PY 2000 BP 319 EP 341 PG 23 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQ91M UT WOS:000090062300018 ER PT B AU Gallas, EJ AF Gallas, EJ CA DO Expt CDF Expt BE Huitu, K KurkiSuonio, H TI Inclusive jet production and subjets at the Tevatron SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 99, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics (HEP 99) CY JUL 15-21, 1999 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND ID HADRON AB The DO and CDF proton-antiproton collider experiments at the Tevatron accumulated large samples of high energy jet production data during Run I (1992-1996). Presented here are measurements of the central inclusive jet cross section at center-of-mass energies of 1800 and 630 GeV (by the DO and CDF experiments) and a forward (\ eta \ < 1.5) inclusive cross section measurement by the DO experiment at 1800 GeV. Cross sections are compared to next-to-leading order QCD predictions with recent parton distribution functions. Also included is a measure of subjet multiplicity in jets produced at 1800 GeV using a successive combination type of jet algorithm. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Gallas, EJ (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0661-0 PY 2000 BP 362 EP 365 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQ91M UT WOS:000090062300026 ER PT B AU Muller, D AF Muller, D BE Huitu, K KurkiSuonio, H TI Hadron production in q and (q)over-bar jets SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 99, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics (HEP 99) CY JUL 15-21, 1999 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND ID EVENT AB We present a number of jet fragmentation measurements in e(+)e(-) --> hadrons. The ALEPH collaboration measures inclusive rho (0)(770), f(0)(980) and f(2)(1270) production rates, improving the world averages. The SLD collaboration measures pi (+/-), K+/- and p/(p) over bar production in light-, c- and b-flavor Z(0) decays, as well as leading hadrons in light-quark jets, precisely The DELPHI collaboration measures the average charged multiplicity in light- and b-flavor events at 183 and 189 GeV, verifying a precise prediction of QCD and excluding flavor-independent fragmentation. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Muller, D (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0661-0 PY 2000 BP 405 EP 407 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQ91M UT WOS:000090062300039 ER PT B AU Towell, RS AF Towell, RS CA FNAL E866 NuSea Collaboration BE Huitu, K KurkiSuonio, H TI Measurement of the antiquark flavor asymmetry in the Nucleon Sea SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 99, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics (HEP 99) CY JUL 15-21, 1999 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; LIGHT-QUARK SEA; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; GOTTFRIED SUM; COLLISIONS AB Measurements of the ratio of Drell-Yan yields from an 800 GeV/c proton beam incident on liquid hydrogen and deuterium targets are reported. Over 370,000 Drell-Yan muon pairs were recorded. From these data, the ratio of anti-down ((d) over bar) to anti-up ((u) over bar) quark distributions in the proton sea is determined over a wide range in Bjorken-x. These results confirm previous measurements by E866 and NA51 and extend them to lower x. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Towell, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0661-0 PY 2000 BP 469 EP 470 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQ91M UT WOS:000090062300064 ER PT B AU Nguyen, H AF Nguyen, H BE Huitu, K KurkiSuonio, H TI Observation of direct CP violation in K-S,(L), -> pi pi decays by the KTeV experiment SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 99, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics (HEP 99) CY JUL 15-21, 1999 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND ID SYSTEM AB By making precise comparisons of the K-S,K-L. --> pi pi rates, the KTeV experiment (E832) at Fermilab has measured the direct CP violation parameter Re(epsilon'/epsilon) to be (28.0 +/- 3.0(stat) +/- 2.8(syst)) 10(-4). This result definitively establishes the existence of CP violation in a decay process. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Particle Phys Div, MS 221, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM hogann@fnal.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0661-0 PY 2000 BP 548 EP 551 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQ91M UT WOS:000090062300092 ER PT B AU Ratnikov, FD AF Ratnikov, FD CA HERA-B Collaboration BE Huitu, K KurkiSuonio, H TI The HERA-B in the summer '99 SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 99, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics (HEP 99) CY JUL 15-21, 1999 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND AB The HERA-B experiment at DESY, Germany, aims to measure CP violation in the B-0 --> J/psiK(S)(0) decay channel. Interactions are produced by colliding protons with nuclei of a fixed target. HERA-B is a pioneering hadronic B-factory that has found methods to build detectors that are radiation hard enough to withstand the expected high radiation dose. In addition to the CP violation measurement, the experiment addresses a wide range of topics in heavy quark physics, complementing the physics accessible by e(+)e(-) colliders, which recently started operation. The detector status and main commissioning results achieved by the middle of 1999 are presented. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ratnikov, FD (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, MS318, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0661-0 PY 2000 BP 560 EP 562 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQ91M UT WOS:000090062300096 ER PT B AU Jackson, DJ AF Jackson, DJ CA SLD Collaboration BE Huitu, K KurkiSuonio, H TI B-(B)over-bar oscillations SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 99, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics (HEP 99) CY JUL 15-21, 1999 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND AB The status of B mixing results and their theoretical implications is reviewed. Following a summary of the measurements of the B-d(0)-B-d(0) oscillation frequency Deltam(d), the experimental challenges involved in observing B-s(0)-B-s(0) oscillations are discussed. The combined world average fit for B-s(0)-B-s(0) oscillations is interpreted. The unique features of the SLD experiment yield a sensitivity to Deltam(s) comparable with the combined average from the rest of the world. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Jackson, DJ (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Mail Stop 94,POB 4349, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0661-0 PY 2000 BP 609 EP 611 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQ91M UT WOS:000090062300112 ER PT B AU Ligeti, Z AF Ligeti, Z BE Huitu, K KurkiSuonio, H TI B decays in the Upsilon expansion SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 99, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics (HEP 99) CY JUL 15-21, 1999 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND ID LEPTON SPECTRUM; PHOTON SPECTRUM; MOMENTS; MASS; B->X-S-GAMMA AB Theoretical predictions for B decay rates are rewritten in terms of the Upsilon meson mass instead of the b quark mass, using a modified perturbation expansion. The theoretical consistency is shown both at low and high orders. This method improves the behavior of the perturbation series for inclusive and exclusive decay rates, and the largest theoretical error in the predictions coming from the uncertainty in the quark mass is eliminated. Applications to the determination of CKM matrix elements, moments of inclusive decay distributions, and the (B) over bar --> X(s)gamma photon spectrum are discussed. C1 Fermilab, Theory Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Ligeti, Z (reprint author), Fermilab, Theory Grp, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0661-0 PY 2000 BP 615 EP 618 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQ91M UT WOS:000090062300114 ER PT B AU Snyder, SS AF Snyder, SS CA DO Collaboration BE Huitu, K KurkiSuonio, H TI Recent results from D circle divide on the top quark SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 99, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics (HEP 99) CY JUL 15-21, 1999 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND ID PAIR PRODUCTION; HADRON COLLIDERS; TEVATRON AB We describe three recent results from D circle divide related to the top quark: a preliminary measurement of the t (t) over bar spin correlation in top quark pair production, a search for top quark decays into charged Higgs bosons, and an improved cross section analysis in the t (t) over bar --> e mu channel using neural networks. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Snyder, SS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0661-0 PY 2000 BP 652 EP 654 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQ91M UT WOS:000090062300126 ER PT B AU Carithers, B AF Carithers, B BE Huitu, K KurkiSuonio, H TI New W mass results from CDF and D0 SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 99, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics (HEP 99) CY JUL 15-21, 1999 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND ID BOSON AB This article describes recent measurements of the W mass by the CDF and DO Collaborations. CDF obtains a preliminary result of 80.473 +/- 0.113 GeV for the W mass in the electron channel and DO reports a preliminary result of 80.691 +/- 0.227 GeV for electrons in the more forward (Endcap) rapidities. When combined with all previous measurements, the current average for the W mass measured at the Tevatron is 80.452 +/- 0.063 GeV. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carithers, B (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0661-0 PY 2000 BP 687 EP 690 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQ91M UT WOS:000090062300136 ER PT B AU Roco, M AF Roco, M BE Huitu, K KurkiSuonio, H TI Prospects for Higgs discovery at the Tevatron SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 99, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics (HEP 99) CY JUL 15-21, 1999 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND ID FERMILAB TEVATRON; BOSONS AB This report presents the results of a Fermilab study of the sensitivity for Higgs bosom production at the upgraded Tevatron in Run II. The study extends previous Tevatron results by combining all possible search channels, considering the production of higher mass Higgs bosons and interpreting the results in the context of supersymmetric Higgs production as well as Standard Model production. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Roco, M (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0661-0 PY 2000 BP 828 EP 830 PG 3 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQ91M UT WOS:000090062300178 ER PT B AU Towell, RS AF Towell, RS CA FNAL E866 NuSea Colloboration BE Huitu, K KurkiSuonio, H TI Nuclear suppression of vector meson production in FNAL E866/NuSea SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 99, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics (HEP 99) CY JUL 15-21, 1999 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND ID J/PSI PRODUCTION; 800 GEV/C; DEPENDENCE; COLLISIONS; PROTONS AB Measurements of the suppression of the yield per nucleon of J/psi and psi' production for 800 GeV/c protons incident on nuclear targets have been made with very broad coverage in x(F) and p(T). Over 3 x 10(6) J/psi 's and 10(5) psi''s with x(F) between -0.10 and 0.93 and p(T) up to 4 GeV/c were observed. Data for Be, Fe and W targets were used to determine the cross section ratio per nucleon between heavy and light targets for both the J/psi and the psi'. The largest suppression is observed at large x(F) and small p(T) values. The suppression for the psi' is stronger than that for the J/psi for x(F) near zero, but becomes comparable to that for the J/psi for x(F) > 0.5. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM towell@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0661-0 PY 2000 BP 982 EP 983 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQ91M UT WOS:000090062300234 ER PT B AU Lazarus, DM Castillo, V Kowalski, L Kraus, DE Larsen, R Magurno, B Nikas, D Ozben, C Semertzidis, YK Srinivasan-Rao, T Tsang, T AF Lazarus, DM Castillo, V Kowalski, L Kraus, DE Larsen, R Magurno, B Nikas, D Ozben, C Semertzidis, YK Srinivasan-Rao, T Tsang, T BE Huitu, K KurkiSuonio, H TI First electro-optical detection of charged particles SO HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS 99, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics (HEP 99) CY JUL 15-21, 1999 CL TAMPERE, FINLAND AB We have made the first observation of a charged particle beam by means of its electro-optical effect on the polarization of laser light in a birefringent crystal. The modulation of the laser light during the passage of a pulsed electron beam was observed using a fast photodiode and a digital oscilloscope. The fastest rise time measured in a single shot, 120 ps, was limited by the bandwidth of the oscilloscope and the associated electronics. This technology holds promise for detectors of greatly improved spatial and temporal resolution for single relativistic charged particles as well as particle beams. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lazarus, DM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0661-0 PY 2000 BP 993 EP 994 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BQ91M UT WOS:000090062300239 ER PT B AU Cauble, R Da Silva, LB Celliers, PM Collins, GW Gold, DM AF Cauble, R Da Silva, LB Celliers, PM Collins, GW Gold, DM BE Tajima, T Mima, K Baldis, H TI Equation of state measurements at extreme pressures using laser-driven shocks SO HIGH-FIELD SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint Institute for Fusion Theory Workshop on High-Field Science CY NOV 23-24, 1998 CL UNIV CALIF, INST LASER SCI & APPLICAT, LIVERMORE, CA SP Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO UNIV CALIF, INST LASER SCI & APPLICAT ID COMPRESSED LIQUID DEUTERIUM; INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; LOW-MASS STARS; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; ULTRAHIGH-PRESSURE; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; ABSOLUTE EQUATION; DENSE HYDROGEN; GIANT PLANETS; MBAR C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cauble, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46376-8 PY 2000 BP 41 EP 50 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BT85E UT WOS:000174224600003 ER PT B AU Hansen, CT Young, PE Wilks, SC AF Hansen, CT Young, PE Wilks, SC BE Tajima, T Mima, K Baldis, H TI Second-harmonic generation and non-resonant absorption in sub-picosecond laser-solid interactions SO HIGH-FIELD SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint Institute for Fusion Theory Workshop on High-Field Science CY NOV 23-24, 1998 CL UNIV CALIF, INST LASER SCI & APPLICAT, LIVERMORE, CA SP Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO UNIV CALIF, INST LASER SCI & APPLICAT ID PLASMAS; PULSES; TARGETS; SHIFTS AB Second harmonic emission produced by the interaction of a 130 fs laser pulse with solid aluminum has been spectrally analyzed. For an angle of incidence near 20degrees, the specular second harmonic is blue shifted when the laser intensity exceeds 1 X 1017 W/cm(2). This effect is also observed in PIC simulations of the experiment. Several absorption mechanisms are examined for their consistency with the data. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hansen, CT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46376-8 PY 2000 BP 73 EP 81 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BT85E UT WOS:000174224600006 ER PT B AU Hartemann, FV Baldis, HA Landahl, EC Luhmann, NC Tajima, T Troha, AL Van Meter, JR Kerman, AK AF Hartemann, FV Baldis, HA Landahl, EC Luhmann, NC Tajima, T Troha, AL Van Meter, JR Kerman, AK BE Tajima, T Mima, K Baldis, H TI Nonlinear vacuum electron-photon interactions at relativistic intensities SO HIGH-FIELD SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint Institute for Fusion Theory Workshop on High-Field Science CY NOV 23-24, 1998 CL UNIV CALIF, INST LASER SCI & APPLICAT, LIVERMORE, CA SP Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO UNIV CALIF, INST LASER SCI & APPLICAT ID COMPTON-SCATTERING; LASER; ACCELERATION; PLASMA; WAVES C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hartemann, FV (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46376-8 PY 2000 BP 99 EP 114 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BT85E UT WOS:000174224600008 ER PT B AU Esarey, E Schroeder, CB Leemans, WP AF Esarey, E Schroeder, CB Leemans, WP BE Tajima, T Mima, K Baldis, H TI Ultrashort electron bunches from laser-plasma accelerators SO HIGH-FIELD SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint Institute for Fusion Theory Workshop on High-Field Science CY NOV 23-24, 1998 CL UNIV CALIF, INST LASER SCI & APPLICAT, LIVERMORE, CA SP Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO UNIV CALIF, INST LASER SCI & APPLICAT ID WAKE-FIELD ACCELERATION; WAVE-BREAKING; RAMAN BACKSCATTER; SCATTERING; WAKEFIELD; PULSES; INJECTION; DRIVEN; EXCITATION; GENERATION AB Trapping of plasma electrons in the self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) via the coupling of Raman backscatter to the wake is examined analytically and with 3D test particle simulations. The trapping threshold for linear polarization is much less than for circular and occurs well below wavebreaking. Self-channeling provides continuous focusing of the accelerated electrons which, along with relativistic pump laser effects, can enhance the energy gain by a factor greater than or equal to 2. The colliding pulse method for injecting electrons in the standard LWFA is examined. Simulations of test electrons in 3D fields indicate the production of relativistic ( : 25 MeV) high-quality electron bunches with ultrashort durations (few fs), small energy spreads (few %), and low normalized emittances (1 mm-mrad). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Esarey, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46376-8 PY 2000 BP 129 EP 143 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BT85E UT WOS:000174224600010 ER PT B AU Cowan, TE Hunt, AW Johnson, J Perry, MD Fountain, W Hatchett, S Key, MH Kuehl, T Parnell, T Pennington, DM Phillips, TW Roth, M Takahashi, Y Wilks, SC AF Cowan, TE Hunt, AW Johnson, J Perry, MD Fountain, W Hatchett, S Key, MH Kuehl, T Parnell, T Pennington, DM Phillips, TW Roth, M Takahashi, Y Wilks, SC BE Tajima, T Mima, K Baldis, H TI High energy electrons, positrons and photonuclear reactions in Petawatt laser-solid experiments SO HIGH-FIELD SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint Institute for Fusion Theory Workshop on High-Field Science CY NOV 23-24, 1998 CL UNIV CALIF, INST LASER SCI & APPLICAT, LIVERMORE, CA SP Univ Calif, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab HO UNIV CALIF, INST LASER SCI & APPLICAT ID HOT-ELECTRONS; ACCELERATION; SCATTERING; BREAKING; PULSES AB The Petawatt laser at LLNL has opened a new regime of high-energy laser-matter interactions in which the quiver motion of plasma electrons is fully relativistic with energies extending well above the threshold for nuclear processes. We have observed that, in addition to the large flux of several MeV electrons ponderomotively expelled from the ultra-intense laser focus, there is a high energy component of electrons extending to similar to100 MeV, apparently from relativistic self-focusing and plasma acceleration in the underdense pre-formed plasma. The generation of hard bremsstrahlung cascade as these electrons traverse the solid target material, and the resulting photo-nuclear reactions, nuclear fission, and positron-electron pair production are described. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cowan, TE (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Kuhl, Thomas/C-2243-2012; Cowan, Thomas/A-8713-2011 OI Kuhl, Thomas/0000-0001-6306-4579; Cowan, Thomas/0000-0002-5845-000X NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46376-8 PY 2000 BP 145 EP 156 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BT85E UT WOS:000174224600011 ER PT S AU Krupke, WF AF Krupke, WF BE Phipps, CR Niino, M TI Advanced diode pumped solid state lasers (DPSSLs): Near term trends and future prospects SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation II CY NOV 01-05, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Laser Soc Japan, SPIE, Osaka Univ, Fac Engn & ILE, ICF Forum, Inst Laser Technol, Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst, Optoelectr Ind & Technol Dev Assoc, Adv Mat Proc Inst Kinki, R & D Inst Photon Engn DE laser diode pumping; solid state laser; Nd : YAG; Yb : YAG; high power; high beam quality ID PERFORMANCE; FUSION AB The features of modern, high-power semiconductor diode laser arrays as sources for pumping high power solid state lasers are reviewed. The status and prospects for high power, high-beam quality Nd:YAG and Yb:YAG DPSSLs are examined. Developing concepts for novel high power DPSSLs are also outlined. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Krupke, WF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3483-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3885 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1117/12.376963 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BP81W UT WOS:000086298800003 ER PT S AU Eder, DC Anderson, AT Braun, DG Tobin, MT AF Eder, DC Anderson, AT Braun, DG Tobin, MT BE Phipps, CR TI Ablation of NIF targets and diagnostic components by high power lasers and x rays from high temperature plasmas SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation III CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Anteon Corp, Coherent Technologies Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Photon Assoc Inc ID NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY AB The National Ignition Facility (NLF) will consist of 192 laser beams that have a total energy of up to 1.8 MJ in the 3(rd) harmonic (lambda = 0.35 mu m) with the amount of 2(nd) harmonic and fundamental light depending on the pulse shape. Material near best focus of the 3(rd) harmonic light will be vaporized/ablated very rapidly, with a significant fraction of the laser energy converted into plasma x rays. Additional plasma x rays can come from the imploding/igniting capsule inside Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) hohlraums. Material from outer portions of the target, diagnostic components, first-wall material, and optical components, are ablated by the plasma x rays. Material out to a radius of order 3 cm from target center is also exposed to a significant flux of 2(nd) harmonic and fundamental laser light. Ablation can accelerate the remaining material to high velocities if it has been fragmented or melted. In addition, the high velocity debris wind of the initially vaporized material pushes on the fragments/droplets and increases their velocity. The high velocity shrapnel fragments/droplets can damage the fused silica shields protecting the final optics in NIF. We discuss modeling efforts to calculate vaporization/ablation, x-ray generation, shrapnel production, and ways to mitigate damage to the shields. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Eder, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3700-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4065 BP 86 EP 96 DI 10.1117/12.407322 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BQ88B UT WOS:000089914200009 ER PT S AU Banks, PS Feit, MD Komashko, AM Perry, MD Rubenchik, AM Stuart, BC AF Banks, PS Feit, MD Komashko, AM Perry, MD Rubenchik, AM Stuart, BC BE Phipps, CR TI Metal processing with ultra-short laser pulses. SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation III CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Anteon Corp, Coherent Technologies Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Photon Assoc Inc DE femtosecond lasers; laser machining; materials processing; laser-matter interaction ID ABLATION; FEMTOSECOND; PICOSECOND AB Femtosecond laser ablation has been shown to produce well-defined cuts and holes in metals with minimal heat effect to the remaining material. Ultrashort laser pulse processing shows promise as an important technique for materials processing. We will discuss the physical effects associated with processing based experimental and modeling results. Intense ultra-short laser pulse (USLP) generates high pressures and temperatures in a subsurface layer during the pulse, which can strongly modify the absorption. We carried out simulations of USLP absorption versus material and pulse parameters. The ablation rate as function of the laser parameters has been estimated. Since every laser pulse removes only a small amount of material, a practical laser processing system must have high repetition rate. We will demonstrate that planar ablation is unstable and the initially smooth crater bottom develops a corrugated pattern after many tens of shots. The corrugation growth rate, angle of incidence and the polarization of laser electric field dependence will be discussed. In the nonlinear stage, the formation of coherent structures with scales much larger than the laser wavelength was observed. Also, there appears to be a threshold fluence above which a narrow, nearly perfectly circular channel forms after a few hundred shots. Subsequent shots deepen this channel without significantly increasing its diameter. The role of light absorption in the hole walls will be discussed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Laser Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Banks, PS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Laser Program, POB 808,L-477, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Stuart, Brent/K-4988-2015 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3700-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4065 BP 147 EP 160 DI 10.1117/12.407345 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BQ88B UT WOS:000089914200015 ER PT S AU Dickey, FM Weichman, LS Shagam, RN AF Dickey, FM Weichman, LS Shagam, RN BE Phipps, CR TI Laser beam shaping techniques SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation III CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Anteon Corp, Coherent Technologies Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Photon Assoc Inc DE laser beam shaping; beam profiles; field mapping; beam integrators AB Industrial, military, medical, and research and development applications of lasers frequently require a beam with a specified irradiance distribution in some plane. A common requirement is a laser profile that is uniform over some cross-section. Such applications include laser/material processing, laser material interaction studies, fiber injection systems, optical data/image processing, lithography, medical applications, and military applications. Laser beam shaping techniques can be divided in to three areas: apertured beams, field mappers, and multi-aperture beam integrators. An uncertainty relation exists for laser beam shaping that puts constraints on system design. In this paper we review the basics of laser beam shaping and present applications and limitations of various techniques. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dickey, FM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0328, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3700-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4065 BP 338 EP 348 DI 10.1117/12.407361 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BQ88B UT WOS:000089914200034 ER PT S AU Sze, RC Johnson, T Sanders, V AF Sze, RC Johnson, T Sanders, V BE Phipps, CR TI Cloth cutting studies using excimer laser ablation SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation III CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Anteon Corp, Coherent Technologies Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Photon Assoc Inc AB Laser cutting of textiles with excimer lasers was undertaken for the Amtex program at Los Alamos. These studies were carried out in tandem with laser cutting studies at YAG and copper vapor laser (Green) wavelengths at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and at CO2 wavelengths at the Argonne National Laboratory. Laser ablation through the process of photo chemical bond breaking at UV (XeCl at 308nm) wavelengths proved to be at least a factor of 24 more efficient than thermal ablation at the longer YAG wavelength (1.06 mu). We project that a diffraction limited 100watt XeCl laser is capable of cutting at a rate of 500cm/sec (200 in/sec) for all cloths tested with the exception of denim and air bag material. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sze, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3700-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4065 BP 402 EP 410 DI 10.1117/12.407334 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BQ88B UT WOS:000089914200039 ER PT S AU Shinn, MD AF Shinn, MD BE Phipps, CR TI High average power free-electron lasers - A new laser source for materials processing SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation III CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Anteon Corp, Coherent Technologies Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Photon Assoc Inc DE free-electron laser; high average power laser; materials processing; ultrafast lasers ID PULSE-RATE LASERS; ULTRAFAST ABLATION AB Material processing with lasers has grown greatly in the previous decade, with annual sales in excess of $1 B (US). In general, the processing consists of material removal steps such as drilling, cutting, as well as joining. Here lasers that are either cw or pulsed with pulsewidths in the mu s time regime have done well. Some applications, such as the surface processing of polymers to improve look and feel, or treating metals to improve corrosion resistance, require the economical production of laser powers of the tens of kilowatts, and therefore are not yet commercial processes. The development of FELs based on superconducting RF (SRF) linac technology provides a scaleable path to laser outputs above 50 kW, rendering these applications economically viable, since the cost/photon drops as the output power increases. Such FELs will provide quasi- cw (PRFs in the tens of MHz), of ultrafast (pulsewidth similar to 1 ps) output with very high beam quality. The first example of such an FEL is the IR Demo FEL at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab), which produces nearly 2 kW of high average power on a routine basis. Housed in a multilaboratory user facility, we as well as members of our user community have started materials process studies in the areas mentioned earlier. I will present some of the first results of these studies. I will. also briefly discuss the status of our DOD-funded project to upgrade the FEL to 10 kW in the mid IR. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Shinn, MD (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3700-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4065 BP 434 EP 440 DI 10.1117/12.407366 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BQ88B UT WOS:000089914200042 ER PT S AU Paisley, DL Swift, DC Forsman, AC Kyrala, GA Johnson, RP Kopp, RA Hauer, AA Wark, JS Loveridge, A Allen, A Kalantar, DH AF Paisley, DL Swift, DC Forsman, AC Kyrala, GA Johnson, RP Kopp, RA Hauer, AA Wark, JS Loveridge, A Allen, A Kalantar, DH BE Phipps, CR TI Dynamic materials evaluation by confined plasma ablation and laser-generated shocks SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation III CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Anteon Corp, Coherent Technologies Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Photon Assoc Inc DE ablation; tamped ablation; confined ablation; flyer plate; transient x-ray diffraction; x-ray diffraction; Trident; strain rate ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; CRYSTALS AB Laser-generated shocks can and have been used to study their effects on single crystal materials during shock compression. While a crystal undergoes shock compression and release, the transient x-ray diffraction (TXD) of the Bragg and Laue signals is indicative of the change in the crystal lattice spacing. The lattice spacing directly relates to the strain in the crystal. From the dynamic lattice data, strain, strain rate, and/or phase change in a material may be determined. Confined ablation plasmas can efficiently launch a flyer plate for direct impact on a target material imparting a well-characterized shock input and generate kilobar to megabar pressure pulses over a wide range of pulse duration (less than or equal to 1 - greater than or equal to 20 ns). The laser-launched flyer plates are analogous to those launched by gas guns, but the smaller size provides an experimental method not easily accessible by larger gas gun experiments. With lasers, diagnostic equipment can be easily synchronized to study dynamic material parameters, i.e., single crystal shock dynamics, interfacial bond strengths of thin coatings, grain-interfaces, texture, and high strain rates (10(6)-10(9) sec(-1)). C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Paisley, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3700-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4065 BP 482 EP 489 DI 10.1117/12.407370 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BQ88B UT WOS:000089914200047 ER PT S AU Moore, DS Gahagan, KT Lippert, T Funk, DJ Buelow, SJ Rabie, RL AF Moore, DS Gahagan, KT Lippert, T Funk, DJ Buelow, SJ Rabie, RL BE Phipps, CR TI Ultrafast non-linear optical method for generation of flat-top shocks SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation III CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Anteon Corp, Coherent Technologies Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Photon Assoc Inc DE ultrafast lasers; non-linear optics; self-focusing; self-phase modulation; laser-driven shocks ID FREQUENCY-DOMAIN INTERFEROMETER; LASER-INDUCED BREAKDOWN; DIELECTRICS; PHASE AB Flat top shocks generated reproducibly by short pulse lasers are useful in studies of shock compression phenomena and may have applications in materials science, biology, and medicine. We have found the fluence profiles of Gaussian spatial mode 120-400 fs duration incident laser pulses are reproducibly flattened via surface optical breakdown in dielectric substrates at fluences just above the breakdown threshold. These fiat top laser profiles have been used to produce shocks flat to 0.7 nm RMS over a 75 - 100 mu m diameter. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moore, DS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lippert, Thomas/N-2423-2016 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3700-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4065 BP 490 EP 494 DI 10.1117/12.407371 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BQ88B UT WOS:000089914200048 ER PT S AU Greenfield, SR Casson, JL Koskelo, AC AF Greenfield, SR Casson, JL Koskelo, AC BE Phipps, CR TI Nanosecond interferometric studies of surface deformations of dielectrics induced by laser irradiation SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation III CY APR 24-28, 2000 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Anteon Corp, Coherent Technologies Inc, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Photon Assoc Inc DE ablation; surface acoustic wave (SAW); Rayleigh wave; photoacoustics; laser ultrasonics; interferometry ID INDUCED DECOMPOSITION; ABLATION; DYNAMICS; FILM AB Transient surface deformations in dielectric materials induced by laser irradiation were investigated with time-resolved interferometry. Deformation images were acquired at various delay times after exposure to single pulses (100 ps at 1.064 mu m) on fresh sample regions. Above the ablation threshold, we observe prompt ejection of material and the formation of a single unipolar compressional surface acoustic wave propagating away from the ablation crater. For calcite, no deformation - either transient or permanent - is discernable at laser fluences below the threshold for material ejection. Above and below-threshold behavior was investigated using a phosphate glass sample with substantial near infrared absorption (Schott filter KG3). Below threshold, KG3 exhibits the formation of a small bulge roughly the size of the laser spot that reaches its maximum amplitude by similar to 5 ns. By tens of nanoseconds, the deformations become quite complex and very sensitive to laser fluence. The above-threshold behavior of KG3 combines the ablation-induced surface acoustic wave seen in calcite with the bulge seen below threshold in KG3. A velocity of 2.97+/-10.03 km/s is measured for the KG3 surface acoustic wave, very close to the Rayleigh wave velocity calculated from material elastic parameters. Details of the transient interferometry system are also given. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Greenfield, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3700-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4065 BP 557 EP 566 DI 10.1117/12.407380 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BQ88B UT WOS:000089914200055 ER PT S AU Krupke, WF AF Krupke, WF BE Nakai, S Hackel, LA Solomon, WC TI Advanced diode pumped solid state lasers (DPSSLs): Near term trends and future prospects SO HIGH-POWER LASERS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Lasers in Civil Engineering and Architecture CY NOV 01-03, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP SPIE, Laser Soc Japan, Osaka Univ, Fac Engn & ILE, ICF Forum, Inst Laser Technol, Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Optoelectr Ind & Technol Dev Assoc, Adv Mat Proc Inst Kinki, R&D Inst Photon Engn DE laser diode pumping; solid state laser; Nd : YAG; Yb : YAG; high power; high beam quality ID PERFORMANCE; FUSION AB The features of modern, high-power semiconductor diode laser arrays as sources for pumping high power solid state lasers are reviewed. The status and prospects for high power, high-beam quality Nd:YAG and Yb:YAG DPSSLs are examined. Developing concepts for novel high power DPSSLs are also outlined. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Krupke, WF (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3485-X J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3887 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1117/12.375186 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP73D UT WOS:000086011300003 ER PT S AU Dane, CB Hackel, LA Halpin, JM Daly, J Harrisson, J Harris, F AF Dane, CB Hackel, LA Halpin, JM Daly, J Harrisson, J Harris, F BE Nakai, S Hackel, LA Solomon, WC TI High-throughput laser peening of metals using a high-average-power Nd : glass laser system SO HIGH-POWER LASERS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Lasers in Civil Engineering and Architecture CY NOV 01-03, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP SPIE, Laser Soc Japan, Osaka Univ, Fac Engn & ILE, ICF Forum, Inst Laser Technol, Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Optoelectr Ind & Technol Dev Assoc, Adv Mat Proc Inst Kinki, R&D Inst Photon Engn DE laser peening; shock compression; residual stress; stress corrosion cracking; laser-induced plasma AB Laser shot peening, a surface treatment for metals, is known to induce residual compressive stresses to depths of over 1mm providing improved component resistance to various forms of failure. Recent information also suggests that thermal relaxation of the laser induced stress is significantly less than that experienced by other forms of surface stressing that involve significantly higher levels of cold work. We have developed a unique solid state laser technology employing Nd:glass amplifier slabs and SBS phase conjugation that enables this process to move into high throughput production processing. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dane, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3485-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3887 BP 211 EP 221 DI 10.1117/12.375187 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BP73D UT WOS:000086011300023 ER PT S AU Krupke, WF AF Krupke, WF BE Mima, K Kulcinski, GL Hogan, W TI Advanced diode pumped solid state lasers (DPSSLs): Near term trends and future prospects SO HIGH-POWER LASERS IN ENERGY ENGINEERING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Lasers in Energy Engineering CY NOV 01-04, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Laser Soc Japan, SPIE, Osaka Univ, Fac Engn & ILE, Inst Laser Technol, Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Optoelectr Ind & Technol Dev Assoc, Adv Mat Proc Inst Kinki, R&D Inst Photon Engn, ICF Forum DE laser diode pumping; solid state laser; Nd : YAG; Yb : YAG; high power; high beam quality ID PERFORMANCE; FUSION AB The features of modern, high-power semiconductor diode laser arrays as sources for pumping high power solid state lasers are reviewed. The status and prospects for high power, high-beam quality Nd:YAG and Yb:YAG DPSSLs are examined. Developing concepts for novel high power DPSSLs are also outlined. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Krupke, WF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3484-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3886 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1117/12.375104 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BP59D UT WOS:000085593400003 ER PT S AU Hogan, WJ AF Hogan, WJ BE Mima, K Kulcinski, GL Hogan, W TI Inertial fusion energy development: what is needed and what will be learned at the National Ignition Facility SO HIGH-POWER LASERS IN ENERGY ENGINEERING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Lasers in Energy Engineering CY NOV 01-04, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Laser Soc Japan, SPIE, Osaka Univ, Fac Engn & ILE, Inst Laser Technol, Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Optoelectr Ind & Technol Dev Assoc, Adv Mat Proc Inst Kinki, R&D Inst Photon Engn, ICF Forum DE inertial fusion energy; lasers; solid-state lasers; inertial fusion targets; KrF lasers; heavy-ion beams; fusion energy development AB Successful development of inertial fusion energy (IFE) requires that many technical issues be resolved. Separability of drivers, targets, chambers and other IFE power plant subsystems allows resolution of many of these issues in "off-line" facilities and programs. Periodically, major "integrated" facilities give a snapshot of the rate of progress toward the ultimate solutions. The National Ignition Facility (NIF) and Laser Megajoule (LMJ) are just such integrating facilities. This paper reviews the status of IFE development and projects what will be learned from the NIF and LMJ. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hogan, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-466, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3484-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3886 BP 34 EP 45 DI 10.1117/12.375090 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BP59D UT WOS:000085593400004 ER PT S AU Bibeau, C Beach, RJ Bayramian, A Chanteloup, JC Ebbers, CA Emanuel, MA Orth, CD Rothenberg, JE Schaffers, KI Skidmore, JA Sutton, SB Zapata, LE Payne, SA Powell, HT AF Bibeau, C Beach, RJ Bayramian, A Chanteloup, JC Ebbers, CA Emanuel, MA Orth, CD Rothenberg, JE Schaffers, KI Skidmore, JA Sutton, SB Zapata, LE Payne, SA Powell, HT BE Mima, K Kulcinski, GL Hogan, W TI Mercury and beyond: diode-pumped solid-state lasers for inertial fusion energy - Invited paper SO HIGH-POWER LASERS IN ENERGY ENGINEERING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Lasers in Energy Engineering CY NOV 01-04, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Laser Soc Japan, SPIE, Osaka Univ, Fac Engn & ILE, Inst Laser Technol, Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Optoelectr Ind & Technol Dev Assoc, Adv Mat Proc Inst Kinki, R&D Inst Photon Engn, ICF Forum ID DRIVER AB We have begun building the "Mercury" laser system as the first in a series of new generation diode-pumped solid-state lasers for inertial fusion research. Mercury will integrate three key technologies: diodes, crystals, and gas cooling, within a unique laser architecture that is scalable to kilojoule energy levels for fusion energy applications. The primary performance goals include 10% electrical efficiencies at 10 Hz and 1005 with a 2-10 ns pulse length at 1.047 mu m wavelength. When completed, Mercury will allow rep-rated target experiments with multiple target chambers for high energy density physics research. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bibeau, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI chanteloup, jean-christophe/H-6514-2013 OI chanteloup, jean-christophe/0000-0002-5643-0056 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3484-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3886 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1117/12.375148 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Optics; Physics GA BP59D UT WOS:000085593400007 ER PT S AU Krupke, WF AF Krupke, WF BE Chen, X Fujioka, T Matsunawa, A TI Advanced diode pumped solid state lasers (DPSSLs): Near term trends and future prospects SO HIGH-POWER LASERS IN MANUFACTURING SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Lasers in Manufacturing CY NOV 01-05, 1999 CL OSAKA, JAPAN SP Laser Soc Japan, Inst Soc Opt Engn, Osaka Univ, Fac Engn & ILE, ICF Forum, Inst Laser Technol, Japan Atomic Energy Res Inst, Optoelectr Ind & Technol Dev Assoc, Adv Mat Proc Inst Kinki, R & D Inst photon Engn DE laser diode pumping; solid state laser; Nd : YAG; Yb : YAG; high power; high beam quality ID FUSION AB The features of modern, high-power semiconductor diode laser arrays as sources for pumping high power solid state lasers are reviewed. The status and prospects for high power, high-beam quality Nd:YAG and Yb:YAG DPSSLs are examined. Developing concepts for novel high power DPSSLs are also outlined. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3486-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 3888 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1117/12.375104 PG 12 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BP81X UT WOS:000086298900003 ER PT J AU Siwiec, J Mikucki, J Baj, M Walukiewicz, W Bi, WG Tu, CW AF Siwiec, J Mikucki, J Baj, M Walukiewicz, W Bi, WG Tu, CW TI Pressure reduction of parasitic parallel conduction in InGaAs/InP heterostructures containing LT-InP layers SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XXXVIIth Meeting of the European-High-Pressure-Research-Group (EHPRG) CY SEP 09-11, 1999 CL UNIV MONTPELLIER, MONTPELLIER, FRANCE SP European High Pressure Res Grp, French Minist Educ Res & Technol, French Minist Foreigh Affairs, CNRS, Council Languedoc Rousillon Reg, Dist Montpellier Agglomerat, Inst Engn Sci Montpellier, Nestle Corp HO UNIV MONTPELLIER DE electron transport properties; heterostructures; parasitic parallel conduction; low temperature InP; phosphorus antisite; hydrostatic pressure AB We have measured classical and quantum (Shubnikov-de Haas effect) magnetotransport properties of InGaAs/InP heterostructures in which phosphorus antisite defects incorporated in low temperature MBE-grown InP (LT-InP) layers are the main source of electrons. The heterostructures show strong parasitic parallel conduction, which is reduced under hydrostatic pressure. The comparison of the experimental results with the calculations of the potential profile and the charge distribution in the heterostructures enables to identify all the conduction channels in the structures and unambiguously proves that the parasitic parallel conduction is due to spontaneous formation of the quantum well in the LT-InP buffer. C1 Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Elect Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Baj, M (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 1-6 BP 75 EP 80 DI 10.1080/08957950008200951 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 388MK UT WOS:000166184700013 ER PT J AU Collins, GW Celliers, PM Da Silva, LB Gold, DM Cauble, R AF Collins, GW Celliers, PM Da Silva, LB Gold, DM Cauble, R TI Laser-shock-driven laboratory measurements of the equation of state of hydrogen isotopes in the megabar regime SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; deuterium; laser-driven shockwaves; equation of state ID COMPRESSED LIQUID DEUTERIUM; LOW-MASS STARS; GIANT PLANETS; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; FLUID HYDROGEN; BROWN DWARFS; HIGH-DENSITY; GPA; DISSOCIATION AB A high intensity laser has been used to shock-compress liquid deuterium to pressures from 0.22 Mbar, near the upper end of gas-gun shock data, to 3.4 Mbar. Using a variety of diagnostics, the density, pressure, and reflectivity of the shocked deuterium were determined, culminating in a knowledge of the behavior of hydrogen isotopes along the principal Hugoniot into the Mbar regime. It was found that hydrogen isotopes become highly compressible near 1 Mbar as a result of molecular dissociation and simultaneous ionization. Reflectivity measurements confirmed that deuterium transitions from an insulating state to a conducting phase at pressures near 0.5 Mbar on the Hugoniot and appears to do so in a continuous manner. At pressures above 0.5 Mbar, the measured reflectivity of the shocked deuterium is characteristic of a liquid metal. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Cauble, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2000 VL 16 IS 5-6 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1080/08957950008201430 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 290WT UT WOS:000085701400002 ER PT J AU Nellis, WJ AF Nellis, WJ TI Metallization of fluid hydrogen at 140 GPa (1.4 Mbar) by shock compression SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; metallization; shock experiments ID ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; MEGABAR PRESSURES; LIQUID DEUTERIUM; EQUATION; STATE; METAL AB The minimum electrical conductivity of a metal was produced in dense hydrogen using shock compression. Metallization occurs at 140 GPa (1.4 Mbar), 0.6 g/cm(3) (ninefold compression of initial liquid-H-2 density), and 3000 K. The relatively modest temperature generated by a reverberating shock wave produced the metallic state in a warm quantum fluid at a lower pressure than expected previously for the crystallographically ordered solid at low temperatures. Future research directions are discussed. Possible scientific and technological uses of metastable solid metallic hydrogen are speculated upon in the unlikely event that the metallic fluid can be quenched to this state at ambient pressure and temperature. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nellis, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2000 VL 16 IS 5-6 BP 291 EP 303 DI 10.1080/08957950008201431 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 290WT UT WOS:000085701400003 ER PT J AU Johnson, JD AF Johnson, JD TI Three points concerning extreme compressions in shocked deuterium SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; shock compression; nitrogen ID LIQUID DEUTERIUM; FLUID NITROGEN; EQUATION; STATE; DISSOCIATION; TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION AB Those models, that show agreement with the Hugoniot data of Da Silva et al., over a large pressure range, are fit to the reflected wave experiment of Holmes er al. In these works it is assumed that the reflected wave is a single stable shock, in contradiction to the data. We change the picture to allow for multiwave-reflected waves and show that such is completely consistent with all data. The reflected wave is more accurately approximated by an adiabat than a Hugoniot and the fitted models should be adjusted to account for this difference. This is our first point. We then review from previous work the relevant physics that determines the maximum compression along a Hugoniot. This is our second point. Finally, with this understanding we are able to determine from experimental data on other molecular systems, such as nitrogen and benzene, whether the large compressions seen in the laser Hugoniot data for deuterium are reasonable. They are not. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Johnson, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2000 VL 16 IS 5-6 BP 305 EP 311 DI 10.1080/08957950008201432 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 290WT UT WOS:000085701400004 ER PT J AU Collins, LA Kress, JD Bickham, SR Lenosky, TJ Troullier, NJ AF Collins, LA Kress, JD Bickham, SR Lenosky, TJ Troullier, NJ TI Molecular dynamics simulations of compressed hydrogen SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE shocked hydrogen; quantum molecular dynamics simulations; density functional ID INSULATOR-METAL TRANSITION; SHOCKED LIQUID DEUTERIUM; DENSE FLUID HYDROGEN; SOLID HYDROGEN; STATE; EQUATION; DISSOCIATION; HOT; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; THERMODYNAMICS AB Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed for highly compressed fluid hydrogen in the density and temperature regime of recent shock-compression experiments. Both density functional and tight-binding electronic structure techniques have been used to describe interatomic forces. Two tight-binding models of hydrogen have been developed with a single s-type orbital on each atom that reproduce properties of the dimer, of various crystalline structures, and of the fluid. The simulations indicate that the rapid rise in the electrical conductivity observed in the gas-gun experiments depends critically on the dissociated atoms (monomers). We find that the internal structure of warm, dense hydrogen has a pronounced time-dependent nature with the continual dissociation of molecules (dimers) and association of atoms (monomers). Finally, Hugoniots derived from the equations-of-state of these models do not exhibit the large compressions predicted by the recent laser experiments. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Collins, LA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 6 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2000 VL 16 IS 5-6 BP 313 EP 329 DI 10.1080/08957950008201433 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 290WT UT WOS:000085701400005 ER PT J AU Rogers, FJ AF Rogers, FJ TI The activity expansion model of the hydrogen equation of state SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE equation of state; partially-ionized plasmas; activity expansion; hydrogen ID STELLAR ENVELOPES; DEUTERIUM; DENSITY; MBAR AB A brief description of the activity expansion model of partially-ionized plasmas is given. This model avoids the complexities of a fully quantum mechanical treatment by first carrying out a classical analysis and then replacing classical expressions with their quantum analogues. Comparisons with theory and recent laser shock experiments are presented. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rogers, FJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 EI 1477-2299 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2000 VL 16 IS 5-6 BP 359 EP 369 DI 10.1080/08957950008201436 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 290WT UT WOS:000085701400008 ER PT J AU Ross, M AF Ross, M TI Shock compression of simple liquids: Implications for deuterium SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE molecular fluids; shock compression; dissociation ID INSULATOR-METAL TRANSITION; DENSE HYDROGEN; HIGH-PRESSURE; DISSOCIATION; NITROGEN; STATE; EQUATION; XENON; MBAR; TEMPERATURE AB This report summarizes research on shock-compressed liquids: argon, xenon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. The purpose is to illustrate the common thread that connects all of these studies with the recent work on deuterium. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ross, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2000 VL 16 IS 5-6 BP 371 EP 387 DI 10.1080/08957950008201437 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 290WT UT WOS:000085701400009 ER PT J AU Young, DA AF Young, DA TI A new global hydrogen equation of state model SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hydrogen; equation of state; dissociation; ionization ID LIQUID DEUTERIUM; DENSE MATTER; PRESSURES; HOT AB Simple statistical mechanics models have been assembled into a wide-range equation of state for the hydrogen isotopes. The solid is represented by an Einstein-Gruneisen model delimited by a Lindemann melting curve. The fluid is represented by an ideal gas plus a soft-sphere fluid configurational term. Dissociation and ionization are approximated by modifying the ideal gas chemical-equilibrium formulation. The T=0 isotherm and dissociation models have been fitted to a new diamond-anvil isotherm and to laser-generated shock data. The main limitation of the model is in ionization at high compression. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Young, DA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 2000 VL 16 IS 5-6 BP 389 EP 400 DI 10.1080/08957950008201438 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 290WT UT WOS:000085701400010 ER PT S AU Ciszek, TF Wang, TH AF Ciszek, TF Wang, TH BE Claeys, CL RaiChoudhury, P Watanabe, M Stallhofer, P Dawson, HJ TI Silicon float-zone crystal growth as a tool for the study of defects and impurities SO HIGH PURITY SILICON VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on High Purity Silicon held at the 198th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 22-27, 2000 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SPIE, Electrochem Soc, Electron Div ID HIGH-PURITY; DISLOCATION AB Because of its ability to produce silicon crystals of exceptionally high purity and crystallographic perfection, the float-zone method fends itself to use as a tool for the controlled study of deliberately introduced defects and impurities in Si crystals and their effects on materials properties such as minority charge-carrier lifetime or photovoltaic conversion efficiency. Some examples of such studies are presented here. Defects we have studied include grain size, dislocations, swirl defects, and fast-cooling defects. Impurity studies have focused on H, N, Fe, and interactions between Fe and Ga. We used bulk DC photoconductive decay lifetime measurement and small diagnostic solar cell characterization techniques to assess material quality. The low defect and impurity concentrations obtainable by float zoning allow baseline lifetimes over 20 milliseconds and photovoltaic device efficiencies over 22%, so small effects of impurities and defects can be detected easily. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ciszek, TF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 1-56677-284-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4218 BP 105 EP 117 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BR88W UT WOS:000167913900010 ER PT S AU Istratov, AA Flink, C Balasubramanian, S Weber, ER Hieslmair, H McHugo, SA Hedemann, H Seibt, M Schroter, W AF Istratov, AA Flink, C Balasubramanian, S Weber, ER Hieslmair, H McHugo, SA Hedemann, H Seibt, M Schroter, W BE Claeys, CL RaiChoudhury, P Watanabe, M Stallhofer, P Dawson, HJ TI Progress in understanding the physics of copper in silicon SO HIGH PURITY SILICON VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Symposium on High Purity Silicon held at the 198th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 22-27, 2000 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP SPIE, Electrochem Soc, Electron Div ID N DIFFUSION-BARRIERS; P-TYPE SILICON; ROOM-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; CZOCHRALSKI-GROWN SILICON; TRANSIENT ION-DRIFT; CU DIFFUSION; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; SURFACE MICROROUGHNESS; INTERSTITIAL COPPER; THERMAL-STABILITY AB The recent progress in understanding the physics of copper in silicon is reviewed. It is shown that diffusivity, solubility, and kinetics of nucleation and growth of copper-silicide precipitates in the bulk of silicon and outdiffusion of copper to the wafer surfaces is to a significant extent determined by the positive charge state of interstitial copper. The impact of copper contamination on minority carrier lifetime and device yield and the efficiency of gettering techniques in reduction of copper contamination level in the vicinity of devices are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Istratov, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, MS 62-203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Seibt, Michael/0000-0002-9908-400X NR 118 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 1-56677-284-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4218 BP 258 EP 277 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA BR88W UT WOS:000167913900024 ER PT S AU Olivier, S Bierden, P Bifano, T Bishop, D Carr, E Cowan, W Hart, M Helmbrecht, M Krulevitch, P Muller, R Sadoulet, B Solgaard, O Yu, J AF Olivier, S Bierden, P Bifano, T Bishop, D Carr, E Cowan, W Hart, M Helmbrecht, M Krulevitch, P Muller, R Sadoulet, B Solgaard, O Yu, J BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Gruneisen, MT TI Micrco-electromechanical systems spatial light modulator development SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications II CY AUG 01-02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE adaptive optics; spatial light modulator; micro-electromechanical systems; MEMS; microfabrication ID MICROELECTROMECHANICAL DEFORMABLE MIRRORS; ADAPTIVE OPTICS; SURFACE AB The NSF Center for Adaptive Optics (CfAO) is coordinating a five to ten year program for the development of MEMS-based spatial light modulators suitable for adaptive optics applications. Participants in this multi-disciplinary program include several partner institutions and research collaborators. The goal of this program is to produce MEMS spatial light modulators with several thousand actuators that can be used for high-resolution wavefront control applications and would benefit from low device cost, small system size, and low power requirements. We present an overview of the CfAO MEMS development plan along with details of the current program status. Piston mirror array devices that satisfy minimum application requirements have been developed, and work is continuing to enhance the piston devices, add tip-tilt functionality, extend actuator stroke, create a large array addressing platform, and develop new coating processes. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Olivier, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-258, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Bifano, Thomas/E-6412-2013 OI Bifano, Thomas/0000-0003-4952-2515 NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3769-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4124 BP 26 EP 31 DI 10.1117/12.407513 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR66D UT WOS:000167103000004 ER PT S AU Dowla, FU Brase, JM Olivier, SS Thompson, CA AF Dowla, FU Brase, JM Olivier, SS Thompson, CA BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Gruneisen, MT TI Fast Fourier and wavelet transforms for wavefront reconstruction in adaptive optics SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications II CY AUG 01-02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE novel algorithms and architectures; adaptive optics; wavefront reconstruction; fast algorithms; real-time imaging; wavefront control; phase reconstruction; FFT methods; wavelets; MEMS AB Wavefront reconstruction techniques using the least-squares estimators are computationally quite expensive. We compare wavelet and Fourier transforms techniques in addressing the computation issues of wavefront reconstruction in adaptive optics. It is shown that because the Fourier approach is not simply a numerical approximation technique unlike the wavelet method, the Fourier approach might have advantages in terms of numerical accuracy. To optimize the wavelet method, a statistical study might be necessary to use the best basis functions or "approximation tree." C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dowla, FU (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3769-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4124 BP 118 EP 127 DI 10.1117/12.407495 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR66D UT WOS:000167103000014 ER PT S AU Thompson, CA Kartz, MW Olivier, SS Brase, JM Carrano, CJ Lande, D Bauman, BJ Sawvel, RM Silva, DA AF Thompson, CA Kartz, MW Olivier, SS Brase, JM Carrano, CJ Lande, D Bauman, BJ Sawvel, RM Silva, DA BE Gonglewski, JD Vorontsov, MA Gruneisen, MT TI Performance of a high-resolution wavefront control system using a liquid crystal spatial light modulator SO HIGH-RESOLUTION WAVEFRONT CONTROL: METHODS, DEVICES, AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Resolution Wavefront Control: Methods, Devices, and Applications II CY AUG 01-02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE Adaptive Optics; high-resolution wavefront control; spatial light modulator AB We have developed a high-resolution wavefront control system based on an optically addressed nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulator with several hundred thousand phase control points, a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor with two thousand subapertures, and an efficient reconstruction algorithm using Fourier transform techniques. We present quantitative results of experiments to characterize the performance of this system. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Thompson, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-258,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3769-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4124 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1117/12.407499 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR66D UT WOS:000167103000019 ER PT B AU Park, JH Prorok, BC Goretta, KC Balachandran, U McNallan, MJ AF Park, JH Prorok, BC Goretta, KC Balachandran, U McNallan, MJ BE McNallan, M Opila, E Maruyama, T Narita, T TI High-temperature internal oxidation of Ag/1.2 at.% Mg and Ag/0.25 at.% Mg-0.25 at.% Ni SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Per Kofstad Memorial Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 1999 Joint Int Meeting of the Electrochem-Soc/Electrochem-Soc-of-Japan CY NOV, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan ID SILVER; TAPES AB High-temperature oxygen diffusion and internal oxidation in Ag, Ag/1.2 at.% Mg (Ag-Mg) and Ag/0.25 at.% Mg-0.25 at.% Ni (Ag-Mg-Ni) have been treated in 8% O-2/N-2 at 450-835 degrees C. The focus of the studies was on thermogravimetric analysis, microhardness tests, and optical and electron microscopy observations of grain growth and its inhibition by oxidation. The internal oxidation of both alloys exhibited nearly identical activation energies (0.81 eV for Ag-Mg and 0.83 eV for Ag-Mg-Ni) and rate constants. The maximum O content of both alloys was superstoichiometric (e.g., O/Mg > 1.0) and the maximum O/Mg ratios were higher at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures (e.g., 1.25 at 500 degrees C and 1.05 at 800 degrees C). Diffusion of O in pure Ag was approximate to 60 times faster at 825 degrees C and approximate to 400 times faster at 500 degrees C than internal oxidation of either of the Ag alloys. Grain growth of both alloys and of the Ag was quantified between 450-800 degrees C and related to internal oxidation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Park, JH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-261-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 38 BP 106 EP 114 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BQ40E UT WOS:000088255400009 ER PT B AU Hanrahan, RJ AF Hanrahan, RJ BE McNallan, M Opila, E Maruyama, T Narita, T TI Moisture effects on the oxidation of beryllides SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Per Kofstad Memorial Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 1999 Joint Int Meeting of the Electrochem-Soc/Electrochem-Soc-of-Japan CY NOV, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan AB Despite the attractive properties of beryllides, only a handful of studies on the oxidation of these compounds have been conducted since the mid 1960s. Among the problems reported in oxidation of beryllides was intermediate temperature disintegration and/or oxide volatility in the presence of H(2)O vapor. Recently we have been investigating the use of Be alloying additions to simple intermetallic compounds such as NiAl and NbCr(2) to improve both the mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of these alloys. While no intermediate temperature disintegration problems have been observed the effects of the moisture reaction are of concert particularly with compounds that form principally BeO scales. In systems such as beryllium modified NiAl on the other hand. the scale consists primarily of Chrysoberyl (BeO*Al(2)O(3)). This compound appears to be much more resistant to the effects of moisture than is pure BeO. In exposures at temperatures below 1100 degrees C no effect of moisture on the oxidation rate or phase stability can be observed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hanrahan, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, TA3 MS G770, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-261-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 38 BP 144 EP 152 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BQ40E UT WOS:000088255400013 ER PT B AU Park, YS Petrovic, JJ Hoover, RC Castro, RG McNallan, MJ AF Park, YS Petrovic, JJ Hoover, RC Castro, RG McNallan, MJ BE McNallan, M Opila, E Maruyama, T Narita, T TI Evaluation of molybdenum silicide materials for high temperature applications SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Per Kofstad Memorial Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 1999 Joint Int Meeting of the Electrochem-Soc/Electrochem-Soc-of-Japan CY NOV, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan ID GLASS; DISILICIDE AB The corrosion resistance of MoSi2 materials was investigated in molten alkali borosilicate glass under static and dynamic conditions and compared to other refractory materials. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by measuring dimensional changes above, at, and below the molten glass line. It is shown that the MoSi2 materials were generally superior in performance to the other refractory materials with the exception of MgO stabilized zirconia and AZCS, which were superior to MoSi2 at the glass line, but exhibited relatively similar corrosion rates above and below the glass line. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, YS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-261-3 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 38 BP 449 EP 455 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BQ40E UT WOS:000088255400041 ER PT S AU Dayton, DC Milne, TA AF Dayton, DC Milne, TA BE Hilpert, K Froben, FW Singheiser, L TI Molecular beam sampling, mass spectrometric detection of inorganic species released during biomass thermochemical conversion SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, PTS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS SE SCHRIFTEN DES FORSCHUNGSZENTRUMS JULICH REIHE ENERGIETECHNIK LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference of the International-Union-of-Pure-and-Applied-Chemistry CY APR 10-14, 2000 CL RES CTR JULICH, JULICH, GERMANY SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem HO RES CTR JULICH ID WASTE INCINERATION PROCESSES; VOLATILITY CALCULATIONS; THERMODYNAMICS; OXYHYDROXIDES; COMBUSTION; PYROLYSIS AB The MBMS technique has been successfully used to identify alkali vapors released during the thermal conversion of numerous biomass feedstocks, black liquor, coal, and biomass/coal blends. Major alkali metal vapors identified during biomass combustion, namely potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium hydroxide, and potassium cyanate, correlate with feedstock composition. Black liquor, a Kraft pulping process residue, contains high levels of sodium. Corresponding sodium vapors are observed during black liquor combustion. New areas of interest include 1) using low energy (10.5 eV) photoionization with a molecular beam sampling, time-of-flight mass spectrometer to minimize fragmentation of inorganic and organic products, 2) studying the thermochemistry of heavy metal species with particular emphasis on chromium, 3) studying the release of heavy metals during solid fuel combustion, and 4) developing a continuous feed, entrained-flow reactor to study kinetic rates of organic and inorganic species released during solid fuel thermochemical conversion. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Bioenergy Syst Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Dayton, DC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Chem & Bioenergy Syst Ctr, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS 3322, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH GMBH PI JULICH PA CENT LIB, 52425 JULICH, GERMANY SN 1433-5522 BN 3-89336-277-0 J9 SCHR FZ JUL ENERG PY 2000 VL 15 BP 21 EP 26 PN 1 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA BU42W UT WOS:000175969300003 ER PT S AU Lexa, D Leibowitz, L Kropf, AJ Johnson, I AF Lexa, D Leibowitz, L Kropf, AJ Johnson, I BE Hilpert, K Froben, FW Singheiser, L TI Interaction of molten chloride salts and zeolite 4A - Nature, thermodynamics, and application to nuclear waste treatment and disposal SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, PTS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS SE SCHRIFTEN DES FORSCHUNGSZENTRUMS JULICH REIHE ENERGIETECHNIK LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference of the International-Union-of-Pure-and-Applied-Chemistry CY APR 10-14, 2000 CL RES CTR JULICH, JULICH, GERMANY SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem HO RES CTR JULICH AB A glass-zeolite ceramic waste form is being developed at Argonne National Laboratory for the disposal of radioactive waste salts from electro-metallurgical treatment of spent nuclear fuel. Approximately 70 wt% of the process salt is the LiCl-KCI eutectic salt. In addition, the salt contains NaCl, fission product chlorides, and similar to2 mol% actinide chlorides, such as UCl3, NpCl3, and PuCl3. The process salt is treated and/or disposed of by contacting it with zeolite 4A at 823 K. The occlusion of the LiCl-KCl eutectic salt by zeolite has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The partial molar enthalpy of occlusion was determined to be -(24+/-1) kJ.mol(-1). The occlusion of the UCl3-LiCl-KCl eutectic salt by zeolite has been studied by temperature-resolved synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, evolved gas analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. UCl3 reacts with the zeolitic H2O to form UO2 that is located external to the contracting zeolite lattice. Ion-exchange equilibrium constants at infinite dilution of NaCl, RbCl, and CsCl have been determined by chemical analysis of both the zeolite and the molten salt phases. They are 0.84, 0.87, 2.3 1, respectively. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lexa, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Kropf, Arthur/B-8665-2015 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH GMBH PI JULICH PA CENT LIB, 52425 JULICH, GERMANY SN 1433-5522 BN 3-89336-277-0 J9 SCHR FZ JUL ENERG PY 2000 VL 15 BP 31 EP 34 PN 1 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA BU42W UT WOS:000175969300005 ER PT S AU Jones, CY Edwards, JG AF Jones, CY Edwards, JG BE Hilpert, K Froben, FW Singheiser, L TI Neutron diffraction studies of phase transitions under effusion conditions SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, PTS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS SE SCHRIFTEN DES FORSCHUNGSZENTRUMS JULICH REIHE ENERGIETECHNIK LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference of the International-Union-of-Pure-and-Applied-Chemistry CY APR 10-14, 2000 CL RES CTR JULICH, JULICH, GERMANY SP Int Union Pure & Appl Chem HO RES CTR JULICH ID SYSTEM AB The first neutron scattering study of a condensed-phase transition in an effusion cell at high temperatures is reported. Gallium sulfide powder in a quartz effusion cell was studied from room temperature to 1260 K to seek a proposed phase transition. A transition from monoclinic Ga2S3 to a hexagonal phase above 1240 K was found. No coexistence of the two phases was observed. This application of neutron diffraction to samples in effusion cells introduces a new high temperature method for structural studies of vaporizing chemical systems in situ. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jones, CY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH GMBH PI JULICH PA CENT LIB, 52425 JULICH, GERMANY SN 1433-5522 BN 3-89336-277-0 J9 SCHR FZ JUL ENERG PY 2000 VL 15 BP 467 EP 470 PN 1 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA BU42W UT WOS:000175969300097 ER PT B AU Wright, IG Pint, BA Lee, WY Alexander, KB Prussner, K AF Wright, IG Pint, BA Lee, WY Alexander, KB Prussner, K BE Nicholls, J Rickerby, D TI Some effects of metallic substrate composition on degradation of thermal barrier coatings SO HIGH TEMPERATURE SURFACE ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Engineering the Surface CY SEP 23-25, 1997 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND ID OXIDE SCALE ADHERENCE; REACTIVE-ELEMENT; SULFUR REMOVAL; ADHESION; ALPHA-AL2O3; PERFORMANCE; SEGREGATION; RESISTANCE; DIFFUSION; IMPURITY AB Comparisons have been made in laboratory isothermal and cyclic oxidation tests of the degradation of oxide scales grown on single crystal superalloy substrates and bond coating alloys intended for use in thermal barrier coatings systems. The influence of desulphurisation of the superalloy and bond coating, of reactive element addition to the bond coating alloy, and of oxidation temperature on the spallation behavior of the alumina scales formed was assessed from oxidation kinetics and from SEM observations of the microstructure and composition of the oxide scales. Desulphurisation of a nickel-base superalloy tin the absence of a Y addition) resulted in an increase in the lifetime of a state-of-the-art thermal barrier coating applied to it, compared to a Y-free, non-desulphurised version of the alloy. The lifetime of the same ceramic coating applied without a bond coating to a model alloy (NiAl doped with Zr but not desulphurised) that formed an 'ideal' alumina scale was found to be, in the same test, at least four times longer than on the Y-doped superalloy plus state-of-the-art bond coating combination. Some explanations are offered of the factors controlling the degradation of such coatings. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wright, IG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 27 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOM COMMUNICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND BN 1-86125-058-4 PY 2000 BP 95 EP 113 PG 19 WC Mechanics; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Mechanics; Materials Science GA BR22A UT WOS:000165895100009 ER PT S AU Colgate, SA Li, H AF Colgate, SA Li, H BE Martens, PCH Tsuruta, S Weber, MA TI The magnetic fields of the universe and their origin SO HIGHLY ENERGETIC PHYSICAL PROCESSES AND MECHANISMS FOR EMISSION FROM ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 195th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 06-10, 1999 CL MONTANA STATE UNIV BOZEMAN, BOZEMAN, MONTANA SP Int Astron Union, NASA, NSF HO MONTANA STATE UNIV BOZEMAN ID GALACTIC RADIO-SOURCES; VLA OBSERVATIONS; ACCRETION DISKS; GALAXY CLUSTERS; BLACK-HOLES; ENERGY; INSTABILITY; TURBULENCE; STARS; FLOW AB Recent rotation-measure observations of a dozen or so galaxy clusters have revealed a surprisingly large number of magnetic fields whose estimated energy and flux are, on average, similar to 10(58) ergs and similar to 10(41) G cm(2), respectively. These quantities are so much larger than any coherent sums of individual galaxies within the cluster that an efficient galactic dynamo is required. We associate these fields with single AGNs within the cluster and, therefore, with all galaxies during their AGN phase. Only the central, massive black hole (BH) has the necessary binding energy, similar to 10(61) ergs. Only the accretion disk during the BH formation has the winding number, similar to 10(11) turns, necessary to make the gain and magnetic flux. We present a model of a BH accretion-disk dynamo that might create these magnetic fields, where the helicity of the alpha-Omega dynamo is driven by star-disk collisions. The back reaction of the saturated dynamo forms a force-free field helix that carries the energy and flux of the dynamo and redistributes them within the clusters. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Colgate, SA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-6,MS B288, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-038-2 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2000 IS 195 BP 255 EP 264 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BU35P UT WOS:000175748200029 ER PT S AU Franco, LM Link, B Epstein, RI AF Franco, LM Link, B Epstein, RI BE Martens, PCH Tsuruta, S Weber, MA TI Starquakes in neutron stars SO HIGHLY ENERGETIC PHYSICAL PROCESSES AND MECHANISMS FOR EMISSION FROM ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 195th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union CY JUL 06-10, 1999 CL MONTANA STATE UNIV BOZEMAN, BOZEMAN, MONTANA SP Int Astron Union, NASA, NSF HO MONTANA STATE UNIV BOZEMAN ID PULSAR AB The Crab and other pulsars suffer sudden and permanent increases in their spin-down rates in association with glitches, suggesting that the external torque on these objects grows in steps. Here, we describe how torque changes may arise from starquakes, occurring as the star spins down and its rigid crust becomes less oblate. We study the evolution of strain in the crust, the initiation of starquakes, the effects on the magnetic field geometry, and possible observable consequences for neutron star spin down. We find that the stellar crust begins breaking at the rotational equator, forming a fault inclined at an angle to the equator and directed toward the magnetic poles. The resulting asymmetric matter redistribution produces a misalignment of the angular momentum and spin axes. Subsequently, damped precession to a new rotational state increases the angle between rotation and magnetic axes. The change in this angle could increase the external torque, producing a permanent increase in the spin-down rate. C1 Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Franco, LM (reprint author), Univ Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA SN 0074-1809 BN 1-58381-038-2 J9 IAU SYMP PY 2000 IS 195 BP 391 EP 392 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BU35P UT WOS:000175748200051 ER PT J AU Boultwood, J Strickson, AJ Jabs, EW Cheng, JF Fidler, C Wainscoat, JS AF Boultwood, J Strickson, AJ Jabs, EW Cheng, JF Fidler, C Wainscoat, JS TI Physical mapping of the human ATX1 homologue (HAH1) to the critical region of the 5q-syndrome within 5q32, and immediately adjacent to the SPARC gene SO HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME LEVELS AB The 5q- syndrome is a myelodysplastic syndrome with the 5q deletion as the sole karyotypic abnormality. The human ATX1 homologue (HAH1), encodes a copper-binding protein with a role in antioxidant defence. We have mapped this gene to the 3 Mb critical region of gene loss of the 5q- syndrome within 5q32, flanked by the genes for ADRB2 and IL12B, using gene dosage analysis. Fine physical mapping of the HAH1 gene within this genomic interval was then performed by screening YAC and BAC contigs spanning the critical region of the 5q- syndrome using PCR amplification. The HAH1 gene maps immediately adjacent to the SPARC gene at 5q32, and is flanked by the genetic markers D5S1838 and D5S1419. The HAH1 gene is expressed in haematological tissues and plays a role in antioxidant defence. Antioxidant levels are low in most cancers and the importance of antioxidant enzymes in cancer genesis is well recognised. Genomic localisation, function and expression would suggest that the HAH1 gene represents a candidate gene for the 5q-syndrome, C1 Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Dept Cellular Sci, Leukaemia Res Fund,Mol Haematol Unit, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Genet Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Boultwood, J (reprint author), Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Dept Cellular Sci, Leukaemia Res Fund,Mol Haematol Unit, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. OI Jabs, Ethylin/0000-0001-8983-5466 NR 7 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-6717 J9 HUM GENET JI Hum. Genet. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 106 IS 1 BP 127 EP 129 DI 10.1007/s004390051020 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 285GG UT WOS:000085380900019 PM 10982193 ER PT S AU Frenkel, AI Korshin, GV AF Frenkel, AI Korshin, GV BE Ghabbour, EA Davies, G TI EXAFS and XANES studies of effects of pH on complexation of copper by humic substances SO HUMIC SUBSTANCES: VERSATILE COMPONENTS OF PLANTS, SOIL AND WATER SE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Humic Substances Seminar CY MAR 22-24, 2000 CL NE UNIV, BOSTON, MA HO NE UNIV ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; TUNICATE ASCIDIA-CERATODES; EDGE STRUCTURE; BLOOD-CELLS; SPECTROSCOPY; DISTORTION; VANADIUM; SULFATE; SITE C1 Univ Illinois, Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Frenkel, AI (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0260-6291 BN 0-85404-855-3 J9 ROY SOC CH PY 2000 IS 259 BP 227 EP 233 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Soil Science SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Agriculture GA BS62L UT WOS:000170596500019 ER PT J AU Rees, SJ Spitler, JD Davies, MG Haves, P AF Rees, SJ Spitler, JD Davies, MG Haves, P TI Qualitative comparison of North American and UK cooling load calculation methods SO HVAC&R RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DOMAIN AB A qualitative comparison is presented between three current North American and U.K. design cooling load calculation methods. The methods compared are the ASHRAE Heat Balance Method, the Radiant Time Series Method and the Admittance Method, used in the U.K. The methods are compared and contrasted in terms of their overall structure. In order to generate the values of the 24 hourly cooling loads, comparison was also made in terms of the processing of the input data and the solution of the equations required. Specific comparisons are made between the approximations used by the three calculation methods to model some of the principal heat transfer mechanisms. Conclusions are drawn regarding the ability of the simplified methods to correctly predict peak-cooling loads compared to the Heat Balance Method predictions. Comment is also made on the potential for developing similar approaches to cooling load calculation in the U.K. and North America in the future. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Liverpool, Sch Architecture & Bldg Engn, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Commercial Bldg & Syst Grp, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Rees, SJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RI Rees, Simon/H-5517-2012; OI Rees, Simon/0000-0003-4869-1632 NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 1078-9669 J9 HVAC&R RES JI HVAC&R Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 6 IS 1 BP 75 EP 99 DI 10.1080/10789669.2000.10391251 PG 25 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 280ET UT WOS:000085089800006 ER PT B AU Steinberg, M AF Steinberg, M BE Mao, ZQ Veziroglu, TN TI Residual oil refining by the hydrocarb process SO HYDROGEN ENERGY PROGRESS XIII, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th World Hydrogen Energy Conference CY JUN 11-15, 2000 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Int Conf Ctr Sci & Technol, Int Assoc Hydrogen Energy, Beijing Soc Astronaut, China Assoc Hydrogen Energy, China Chem Soc, China Coal Soc, China Electrotech Soc, China Energy Res Soc, China Solar Energy Soc DE hydropyrolysis; residual oil; hydrocarb process; carbon; methanol AB It is proposed to upgrade the increasing amounts of heavier residual oil resulting from increasing supply of heavier crudes to oil refineries for production of more valuable lighter gasoline, kerosene and No. 2 oil products using the Hydrocarb process. The Hydrocarb process produces, hydrogen, carbon black and/or methanol by means of a three reactor system consisting of hydropyrolysis (HPR), methane pyrolysis (MPR) and methanol synthesis (MSR) reactors. Preliminary estimates indicate that with the use of the Hydrocarb process, a refinery can increase its valuable light ends fraction production by as much as 60%. The allowable unit capital investment for installation of the Hydrocarb process indicates an economically attractive potential. Further more detailed design and economic analyses are required. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Steinberg, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC HYDROGEN ENERGY PI CORAL GABLES PA PO BOX 248266, CORAL GABLES, FL 33124 USA PY 2000 BP 871 EP 877 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW56W UT WOS:000182425700142 ER PT B AU Ginsberg, T Ciccarelli, G Boccio, J AF Ginsberg, T Ciccarelli, G Boccio, J BE Mao, ZQ Veziroglu, TN TI Design safety features of the BNL high-temperature combustion facility SO HYDROGEN ENERGY PROGRESS XIII, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th World Hydrogen Energy Conference CY JUN 11-15, 2000 CL BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA SP China Int Conf Ctr Sci & Technol, Int Assoc Hydrogen Energy, Beijing Soc Astronaut, China Assoc Hydrogen Energy, China Chem Soc, China Coal Soc, China Electrotech Soc, China Energy Res Soc, China Solar Energy Soc DE safety; combustion; gas AB The Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) High-Temperature Combustion Facility (HTCF) was used to perform hydrogen deflagration and detonation experiments at temperatures to 650K, Safety features that were designed to ensure safe and reliable operation of the experimental program are described. Deflagration and detonation experiments have been conducted using mixtures of hydrogen, air and steam. Detonation cell size measurements were made as a function of mixture composition and thermodynamic gas conditions. Deflagration-to-detonation transition experiments were also conducted. Results of the experimental program are presented, and implications with respect to hydrogen safety are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Advanced Technol, Energy & Nucl Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ginsberg, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Advanced Technol, Energy & Nucl Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROGEN ENERGY PI CORAL GABLES PA PO BOX 248266, CORAL GABLES, FL 33124 USA PY 2000 BP 1167 EP 1174 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BW56W UT WOS:000182425700198 ER PT J AU Pasternak, MP Taylor, RD AF Pasternak, MP Taylor, RD TI High-pressure Mossbauer spectroscopy, a unique tool for unraveling the nature of electron correlations in Mott insulators SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Physics of Solids Under High Pressure Using Nuclear Probes CY SEP 05-08, 1999 CL COLOGNE, GERMANY SP WE Heraeus Fdn DE high-pressure; Mossbauer spectroscopy; Mott insulators; magnetism; spin crossover ID DIAMOND-ANVIL CELL; FE-57 MOSSBAUER; 100 GPA; COLLAPSE; FE2O3; TRANSITION; MAGNETISM; STATE AB Combining the methods of Mossbauer spectroscopy, synchrotron XRD, and resistivity and using diamond-anvil cells enables the discovery and studies of new phenomena in magnetism and electronic correlation at high density. It is shown that Hund's rule concerning the high-spin state in TM-compounds does not hold in this regime resulting in spin-crossover and collapse of the magnetic state for even-valence TM ions and for the decline of magnetic exchange in the odd-valence species. This mechanism competes with the breakdown of the d-d electron correlation (Mott transition) in transforming the Mott insulators into normal metals. The experimental issues are described and examples of magnetic studies at very high-pressures are portrayed. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pasternak, MP (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2000 VL 128 IS 1-3 BP 81 EP 100 DI 10.1023/A:1012671229494 PG 20 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 375YN UT WOS:000165431200006 ER PT J AU Reinhard, PG Reiss, C Bender, M Burvenich, T Cornelius, T Maruhn, JA AF Reinhard, PG Reiss, C Bender, M Burvenich, T Cornelius, T Maruhn, JA TI Exotic nuclei - a challenge for nuclear mean-field models SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Euroconference on Atomic Physics at Accelerators (APAC 99) CY SEP 19-24, 1999 CL JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIV, MAINZ, GERMANY HO JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIV DE nuclear mean-field models; exotic nuclei ID MATTER; FORCES AB We present a brief overview of the interplay between exotic nuclei and the development of nuclear mean-field models. This is exemplified with four test cases addressing the topics of shape coexistence, isotope shifts, long isotopic chains, and superheavy elements. C1 Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2000 VL 127 IS 1-4 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1023/A:1012633904537 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 340DZ UT WOS:000088519000003 ER PT J AU Gruber, L Holder, JP Beck, BR Steiger, J McDonald, JW Glassman, J DeWitt, H Church, DA Schneider, D AF Gruber, L Holder, JP Beck, BR Steiger, J McDonald, JW Glassman, J DeWitt, H Church, DA Schneider, D TI Highly charged ion Coulomb crystallization in mixed strongly coupled plasmas SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Euroconference on Atomic Physics at Accelerators (APAC 99) CY SEP 19-24, 1999 CL JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIV, MAINZ, GERMANY HO JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIV DE Coulomb crystals; cold highly charged ions; laser cooling; sympathetic cooling; white dwarfs; laser spectroscopy; quantum computing ID TRAP AB The investigation of highly charged ion Coulomb crystallization in mixed strongly coupled plasmas is of interest in many areas: white dwarf astrophysical plasmas are believed to have very similar thermodynamic properties, cold highly charged ions can be used as an object for high precision laser spectroscopy of fine- and hyperfine transitions in the visible due to the absence of Doppler broadening and, an entirely new area of research is the potential application to highly charged ion-based quantum computing schemes. We report the formation of such plasmas in a cryogenic Penning trap. These plasmas consisting of many species including Be+ and Xe44+ or Be+ and Xe15+ ions, are formed at a temperature of less than 4 K. The temperatures were obtained by applying a laser-based sympathetic cooling scheme. The determination of the temperature and density from the laser resonance width and the fluorescence imaging of the Be+ clouds, respectively, yields a Coulomb coupling constant for the centrifugally separated Xe plasma high enough for crystallization. A molecular dynamics code, developed just for this purpose, was run to clarify the understanding of these plasmas and it was possible to show consistency between experiment and simulation. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. RP Gruber, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-414, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2000 VL 127 IS 1-4 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1023/A:1012647702236 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 340DZ UT WOS:000088519000034 ER PT J AU Vieira, DJ Crane, SG Guckert, R Zhao, X AF Vieira, DJ Crane, SG Guckert, R Zhao, X TI Trapping radioactive atoms for basic and applied research SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Euroconference on Atomic Physics at Accelerators (APAC 99) CY SEP 19-24, 1999 CL JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIV, MAINZ, GERMANY HO JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIV DE magneto-optical trap; radioactive atoms; hyperfine structure; laser spectroscopy; cold atomic collisions; ultrasensitive detection ID HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; ISOTOPE SHIFT AB We report on the trapping of radioactive atoms for a variety of nuclear, atomic, and applied physics investigations. To date we have trapped 5 different radioisotopes of rubidium and cesium (Rb82--84 +Cs-135,Cs- 137) using a magneto-optical trap (MOT) coupled to a mass separator. By optimizing the efficiency of this system, we have been able to trap as many as 6 million radioactive atoms and detect as few as 100. This technology is being applied in three different areas: (1) the parity-violating, beta-decay asymmetry measurement of polarized Rb-82; (2) the study of ultracold fermionic Rb-84 atoms; and (3) the use of MOTs for the ultrasensitive detection of selected radioactive species. Although all of these projects are in a formative stage of development, we highlight the progress that we have made in: (1) the trapping of Rb-82 atoms in double MOT system; (2) the hyperfine structure measurement of the 5P(1/2) and 5P(3/2) levels in Rb-82; (3) the simultaneous trapping of Rb-84 and Rb-87 in overlapping MOTs; and (4) the first trapping and isotopic ratio measurement of Cs-135 and Cs-137 in a MOT. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Phys, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Vieira, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2000 VL 127 IS 1-4 BP 387 EP 393 DI 10.1023/A:1012653330886 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 340DZ UT WOS:000088519000061 ER PT J AU Bailey, K Chen, CY Du, X Li, YM Lu, ZT O'Connor, TP Young, L AF Bailey, K Chen, CY Du, X Li, YM Lu, ZT O'Connor, TP Young, L TI Atom trap trace analysis SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Euroconference on Atomic Physics at Accelerators (APAC 99) CY SEP 19-24, 1999 CL JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIV, MAINZ, GERMANY HO JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIV DE ATTA; atom trap trace analysis; magneto-optical trap; Kr-85; Kr-81 ID KR-81 AB A new method of ultrasensitive isotope trace analysis has been developed. This method, based on the technique of laser manipulation of neutral atoms, has been used to count individual Kr-85 and Kr-81 atoms present in a natural krypton gas sample with isotopic abundances in the range of 10(-11) and 10(-13) , respectively. The method is free of contamination from other isotopes and elements, and can be applied to many different isotope tracers for a wide range of applications. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bailey, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 3 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2000 VL 127 IS 1-4 BP 515 EP 518 DI 10.1023/A:1012698508113 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 340DZ UT WOS:000088519000083 ER PT J AU Wendt, K Blaum, K Diel, S Geppert, C Kuschnick, A Muller, P Trautmann, N Nortershauser, W Bushaw, BA AF Wendt, K Blaum, K Diel, S Geppert, C Kuschnick, A Muller, P Trautmann, N Nortershauser, W Bushaw, BA TI Selective ultratrace analysis of Ca-41 by laser resonance ionization SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Euroconference on Atomic Physics at Accelerators (APAC 99) CY SEP 19-24, 1999 CL JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIV, MAINZ, GERMANY HO JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIV DE resonance ionization mass spectrometry; ultratrace analysis; 41-calcium ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB A compact resonance ionization mass spectrometer is presented. It is presently applied for sensitive and highly selective ultratrace determination of the long-lived radioisotope Ca-41 for environmental, biological, and fundamental investigations. The development of coherent multistep resonance ionization enables the realization of experimental detection limits as low as 10(6) atoms per sample and very high isotopic selectivity above 10(12). C1 Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wendt, K (reprint author), Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RI Mueller, Peter/E-4408-2011; Wendt, Klaus/D-7306-2011; Nortershauser, Wilfried/A-6671-2013 OI Mueller, Peter/0000-0002-8544-8191; Wendt, Klaus/0000-0002-9033-9336; Nortershauser, Wilfried/0000-0001-7432-3687 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2000 VL 127 IS 1-4 BP 519 EP 522 DI 10.1023/A:1012650624951 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 340DZ UT WOS:000088519000084 ER PT J AU Sepiol, B Kaisermayr, M Thiess, H Vogl, G Alp, EE Sturhahn, W AF Sepiol, B Kaisermayr, M Thiess, H Vogl, G Alp, EE Sturhahn, W TI Quasielastic scattering of synchrotron radiation from non-resonant atoms SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Applications of the Mossbauer Effect (ICAME) CY AUG 29-SEP 03, 1999 CL GARMISHC PARTENKIRCHEN, GERMANY AB The beat pattern produced by nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation scattered from two stainless steel foils in constant relative motion has been measured at 3-ID beamline at the Advanced Photon Source. Contrary to theoretical prediction and different from the result in glassy material, the scattering in Bragg directions from single crystal of CoGa diffusional smoothening of the quantum beats was absent within the statistical errors. C1 Univ Vienna, Inst Mat Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. HMI, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sepiol, B (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Inst Mat Phys, Waehringer Guertel 18, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2000 VL 126 IS 1-4 BP 329 EP 333 DI 10.1023/A:1012678930519 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 323TL UT WOS:000087581000049 ER PT J AU Ruckert, T Keune, W Sturhahn, W Hu, MY Sutter, JP Toellner, TS Alp, EE AF Ruckert, T Keune, W Sturhahn, W Hu, MY Sutter, JP Toellner, TS Alp, EE TI Phonon density of states in epitaxial FE/CR(001) superlattices SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on the Applications of the Mossbauer Effect (ICAME) CY AUG 29-SEP 03, 1999 CL GARMISHC PARTENKIRCHEN, GERMANY ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION AB Incoherent nuclear resonant absorption of synchrotron radiation at the 14.413 keV nuclear resonance of Fe-57 was employed to measure directly the Fe-projected (partial) phonon density of states (DOS) in epitaxial FeCr(0 0 1) superlattices and in an (Fe0.03Cr0.97)-Fe-57(0 0 1) alloy film MBE-grown on MgO(0 0 1). The measurements were performed at 300 K with 2.3 meV energy resolution around 14.413 keV. At the interfaces, longitudinal vibrations of Fe atoms are suppressed, and a strong resonance phonon mode appears near 23 meV. C1 Gerhard Mercator Univ, Lab Angew Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ruckert, T (reprint author), Gerhard Mercator Univ, Lab Angew Phys, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2000 VL 126 IS 1-4 BP 363 EP 366 DI 10.1023/A:1012670628702 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 323TL UT WOS:000087581000054 ER PT J AU Toellner, TS AF Toellner, TS TI Monochromatization of synchrotron radiation for nuclear resonant scattering experiments SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID MEV ENERGY RESOLUTION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; BRAGG SCATTERING AB An introduction to monochromatization of synchrotron radiation in the energy range of 5-30 keV is presented for applications involving nuclear resonant scattering. The relevant relationships of the dynamical theory of X-ray diffraction are used to explain basic concepts of monochromatization. These relations are combined with ray-tracing techniques to design high-energy-resolution monochromators. Transmission-optimized and energy-resolution-optimized designs that achieve high energy resolutions (10(6) < E/Delta E < 10(8)) are discussed separately. Practical silicon monochromators of both types are presented for a variety of nuclear resonances in this energy range. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Toellner, TS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 33 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 5 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2000 VL 125 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 28 DI 10.1023/A:1012621317798 PG 26 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 288VZ UT WOS:000085586300001 ER PT J AU Alp, EE Sturhahn, W Toellner, TS AF Alp, EE Sturhahn, W Toellner, TS TI Polarizer-analyzer optics SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE nuclear resonant scattering; synchrotron radiation; polarization; crystal optics ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; X-RAYS; SCATTERING; NUCLEAR; SPECTROSCOPY AB The principles behind the design and operation of polarization-based optics for nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation are discussed. With perfect single crystals and collimated X-rays emitted from undulator-based third-generation synchrotron radiation sources, polarization-selective optics with a sensitivity of parts per billion can be obtained. A general approach to optical activity is introduced, and the polarization dependence of the index of refraction is calculated for nuclear forward scattering for a medium with unidirectional symmetry. Some recent experimental results are reviewed and future applications are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Alp, EE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2000 VL 125 IS 1-4 BP 45 EP 68 DI 10.1023/A:1012673301869 PG 24 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 288VZ UT WOS:000085586300003 ER PT J AU Sturhahn, W AF Sturhahn, W TI CONUSS and PHOENIX: Evaluation of nuclear resonant scattering data SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; BRAGG SCATTERING; RESOLUTION; DETECTOR AB Evaluation methods for data obtained by nuclear resonant scattering techniques are discussed. The CONUSS software package for the interpretation of time or energy spectra from coherent elastic nuclear resonant scattering, i.e., forward scattering and Bragg/Laue scattering, is presented. The analysis of phonon spectra obtained by incoherent nuclear resonant scattering is demonstrated using the PHOENIX software. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sturhahn, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 26 TC 231 Z9 231 U1 2 U2 11 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 2000 VL 125 IS 1-4 BP 149 EP 172 DI 10.1023/A:1012681503686 PG 24 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 288VZ UT WOS:000085586300008 ER PT B AU Chen, J Watson, W AF Chen, J Watson, W BE Sudborough, H Monien, B Hsu, DF TI User level communication on alpha linux systems SO I-SPAN 2000: INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL ARCHITECTURES ALGORITHMS AND NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Parallel Architectures, Algorithms and Networks (I-SPAN 2000) CY DEC 07-09, 2000 CL DALLAS, TX SP Univ Texas Dallas, Girou Fdn AB Recent advances in commodity network interface technology enable scientists and engineers to build clusters of workstations or PCs to execute parallel applications. However, raw-hardware network performance is rarely delivered to applications because of the overheads of communication software and operating systems. To reduce these overheads, a technique called user-level communication can be used to allow applications to access the network interface directly without intervention from the operating system. In this paper we examine two user-level communication systems, GM and BIP, on alpha based systems connected by a Myrinet network. In addition quantitative studies on how DMA initiation costs, flow control and reliable communication will effect the performance of communication are presented. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, High Performance Comp Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, High Performance Comp Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0936-3 PY 2000 BP 36 EP 41 DI 10.1109/ISPAN.2000.900258 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR53F UT WOS:000166722700006 ER PT S AU Kannolt, JR DePoy, RB Carr, K Perry, MB AF Kannolt, JR DePoy, RB Carr, K Perry, MB GP IEEE IEEE TI Innovative electric motor drive centrifuge produces rapid onset/decay rates - Provides safer, more precise replacement for hydraulic/gear system SO IAS 2000 - CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2000 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IAS Annual Meeting and World Conference on Industrial Applications of Electrical Energy CY OCT 08-12, 2000 CL ROME, ITALY SP IEEE, IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc, AEI, Inst Elect Engineers, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, IEEE, Power Electr Soc, European Power Electr & Drives Assoc, Univ Rome La Sapineza, Univ Padova AB Since approximately 1970, the Sandia Weapons Evaluation Test Laboratory used hydraulic motor/gear train driven centrifuges (2) to provide high onset/decay rate g-environments to test nuclear weapons subassemblies. To eliminate safety hazards and vibration associated with hydraulics and gear trains, these units were recently replaced with innovative electric motor driven centrifuges. The drive units for these new centrifuges Ire identical and each consists of multiple (5) permanent magnet (PM), brushless, motors directly coupled to the centrifuge spindle and driven by pulse width modulated (PWM) servo controllers. This paper describes the design, development, and test results of new technologies combining unique PM brushless motors, PWM controllers, and system control to synchronously commutate multiple motors, These new centrifuges have extremely high pulse-torque to inertia ratios, ratios which in the past could only be attained by the use of multiple hydraulic motors and gear train drives. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kannolt, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-6402-3 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2000 BP 139 EP 146 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BR32W UT WOS:000166107300026 ER PT S AU Peng, FZ AF Peng, FZ GP IEEE IEEE TI A generalized multilevel inverter topology with self voltage balancing SO IAS 2000 - CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2000 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IAS Annual Meeting and World Conference on Industrial Applications of Electrical Energy CY OCT 08-12, 2000 CL ROME, ITALY SP IEEE, IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc, AEI, Inst Elect Engineers, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, IEEE, Power Electr Soc, European Power Electr & Drives Assoc, Univ Rome La Sapineza, Univ Padova AB Multilevel power converters that provide more than two levels of voltage to achieve smoother and less distorted acto-de. dc-to-ac, and de-to-de power conversion, have attracted many contributors. This paper presents a generalized multilevel inverter (converter) topology with self voltage balancing. The existing multilevel inverters such as diode-clamped and capacitor-clamped multilevel inverters can be derived from the generalized inverter topology. Moreover, the generalized multilevel inverter topology provides a true multilevel structure that can balance each DC voltage level automatically without any assistance from other circuits, thus in principle providing a complete and true multilevel topology that embraces the existing multilevel inverters. From this generalized multilevel inverter topology, several new multilevel inverter structures can be derived. Some application examples of the generalized multilevel converter will be given. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009,Bldg 9102-1,MS 8038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pengfz@ornl.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-6401-5; 0-7803-6402-3 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2000 BP 2024 EP 2031 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BR32W UT WOS:000166107300309 ER PT S AU Peng, FZ Adams, DJ AF Peng, FZ Adams, DJ GP IEEE IEEE TI An auxiliary quasi-resonant tank soft-switching inverter SO IAS 2000 - CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 2000 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th IAS Annual Meeting and World Conference on Industrial Applications of Electrical Energy CY OCT 08-12, 2000 CL ROME, ITALY SP IEEE, IEEE, Ind Applicat Soc, AEI, Inst Elect Engineers, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, IEEE, Power Electr Soc, European Power Electr & Drives Assoc, Univ Rome La Sapineza, Univ Padova AB An auxiliary quasi-resonant de tank (AQRDCT) inverter is presented for achieving soft-switching. An AQRDCT circuit is coupled directly across a de bus to the inverter to generate a quasi-resonant de bus voltage, It consists of two auxiliary switches connected in the common phase leg fashion as an auxiliary switch leg, two resonant capacitors connected in series as a resonant leg, a pair of de capacitors connected in series as a de tank, and a resonant inductor in series with the lower device of the auxiliary switch leg. The AQRDCT circuit resonantly brings the de bus voltage to zero in order to provide a zero-voltage switching interval for the main inverter to switch, then quickly rebounds back to the de tank voltage after the main inverter changes state. The auxiliary switches are turned on and off softly as well. The AQRDCT circuit absorbs only ripples of the inverter de bus current, thus having less current stress. In addition, since the AQRDCT circuit is coupled in parallel with the de power supply and the inverter for merely assisting soft-switching of the inverter without participating in real de power transmission and power conversion, malfunction and failure of the tank circuit will not affect the functional operation of the inverter; thus a highly reliable inverter system is expected. A 100 kW (150 kVA) continuous power AQRDCT inverter has been built, fully tested, and put into a 22-foot electric bus for traction drive. Tested results showed good efficiency, reduced EMI, and reliable operation. This paper describes the operating principle and control and reports the test results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009,Bldg 9102-1,MS 8038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pengfz@ornl.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-6401-5; 0-7803-6402-3 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2000 BP 2397 EP 2403 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BR32W UT WOS:000166107300363 ER PT B AU Knorovsky, GA MacCallum, DO AF Knorovsky, GA MacCallum, DO GP LIA LIA TI An alternative form of laser beam characterization SO ICALEO(R) 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING CONFERENCE, VOL 89 SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Laser Materials Processing Conference (ICALEO(R) 2000) CY OCT 02-05, 2000 CL DEARBORN, MI SP Laser Inst Amer AB Careful characterization of laser beams used in materials processing such as welding and drilling is necessary to obtain robust, reproducible processes and products. Recently, equipment and techniques have become available which make it possible to rapidly and conveniently characterize the size, shape, mode structure, beam quality (M(2)), and intensity of a laser beam (incident power/unit area) as a function of distance along the beam:path. This facilitates obtaining a desired focused spot size and also locating its position. However, for a given position along the beam axis, these devices measure where the beam intensity level has been reduced to 1/e(2) of maximum intensity at that position to determine the beam size. While giving an intuitive indication of the beam shape, since the maximum intensity of the beam varies greatly, the contour so determined is not an iso-contour of any parameter related to the beam intensity or power. In this work we shall discuss an alternative beam shape formulation where the same measured information is plotted as contour intervals of intensity. We shall also discuss how this technique may be useful in laser beam materials processing. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Joining Coating & Net Shapes Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Knorovsky, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Joining Coating & Net Shapes Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-62-5 J9 LIA P PY 2000 VL 89 BP E92 EP E98 PG 7 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR15F UT WOS:000165735500097 ER PT B AU MacCallum, DO AF MacCallum, DO GP LIA LIA TI Comparison of CW high-power Nd : YAG lasers and beam characterization methods SO ICALEO(R) 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING CONFERENCE, VOL 89 SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Laser Materials Processing Conference (ICALEO(R) 2000) CY OCT 02-05, 2000 CL DEARBORN, MI SP Laser Inst Amer AB Good process control in laser materials processing demands quantitative knowledge of how laser and optics-delivery designs vary beam characteristics; that is, how does spotsize vary with changes in laser power, lens types and sizes, fiber diameter and type, and laser system. Laser beam power, spot diameter, minimum focus location and mode structure are related to surface absorption, temperature and process quality, affecting average irradiance and focusing of the spot. Beam stability during power changes has consequences in closed loop process control and automation. Continuous wave Nd:YAG lasers from different manufacturers, with different resonator design, using both hard optics and fiber delivery were characterized using Prometec and Precitec scanning profilometers and additional analog spotsize measuring methods. Focused spot size, depth of focus, effective focal lengths and beam quality (M-2) were measured for various power levels, lens and focal lengths. Results for the different laser systems are presented and compared. Comparative measurements between beam profilers and additional beam characterization methods and their relative merits are discussed. Power related changes in spot size are quantified; impact on laser materials processing qualification, process quality, and control are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP MacCallum, DO (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-62-5 J9 LIA P PY 2000 VL 89 BP E202 EP E207 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR15F UT WOS:000165735500109 ER PT B AU Xu, ZY Todd, JA AF Xu, ZY Todd, JA BE Christensen, P TI Laser machining of advanced ceramics using a polygonal beam scanner SO ICALEO (R)'99: PROCEEDING OF THE LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING CONFERENCE, VOL 87, PTS 1 AND 2 SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Laser Materials Processing Conference (ICALEO(R)99) CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Laser Inst Amer AB Driven by rapidly increasing commercial markets and slow, expensive conventional grinding processes, laser machining has attracted wide attention as an alternative shaping technique for advanced ceramic and ceramic composite materials. However, highly localized thermal stresses, induced by the laser beam, may result in significant mechanical property degradation. One approach to minimizing such strength degradation, in addition to obtaining high material removal rates, is the fast overlapping multiple shallow groove approach. This paper shows how an eight-faceted beam scanner may rotate a linearly polarized beam and achieve beam travel speeds greater than 50 cm s(-1) relative to workpiece. The advantages and disadvantages of a beam scanner, compared to linear stage motion, will be discussed. Changes in polarization orientation, linear travel speed and groove morphology will be discussed as a function of scanner rotation, together with optimization of machining conditions using a polygonal beam scanner. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xu, ZY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-60-9 J9 LIA P PY 2000 VL 87 BP A80 EP A86 PN 1&2 PG 3 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BQ62Z UT WOS:000089016200010 ER PT B AU Savina, M Xu, ZY Wang, Y Reed, C Pellin, M AF Savina, M Xu, ZY Wang, Y Reed, C Pellin, M BE Christensen, P TI Laser ablation studies of concrete SO ICALEO (R)'99: PROCEEDING OF THE LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING CONFERENCE, VOL 87, PTS 1 AND 2 SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Laser Materials Processing Conference (ICALEO(R)99) CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Laser Inst Amer AB Laser ablation was studied as a means of removing radioactive contaminants from the surface and near-surface regions of concrete. We present the results of ablation tests on cement and concrete samples using a 1.6 kW pulsed Nd:YAG laser with fiber optic beam delivery. The laser-surface interaction was studied using cement and high density concrete as targets. Ablation efficiency and material removal rates were determined as functions of irradiance and pulse overlap. Doped samples were also ablated to determine the efficiency with which surface contaminants were removed and captured in the effluent. The results show that the cement phase of the material melts and vaporizes, but the aggregate portion (sand and rock) fragments. The effluent consists of both micron-size aerosol particles and chunks of fragmented aggregate material. Laser-induced optical emission spectroscopy was used to analyze the surface during ablation. Analysis of the effluent showed that contaminants such as cesium and strontium were strongly segregated into different regions of the particle size distribution of the aerosol. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Savina, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-60-9 J9 LIA P PY 2000 VL 87 BP B90 EP B97 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BQ62Z UT WOS:000089016200041 ER PT B AU Fuerschbach, PW AF Fuerschbach, PW BE Christensen, P TI Laser assisted plasma arc welding SO ICALEO (R)'99: PROCEEDING OF THE LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING CONFERENCE, VOL 87, PTS 1 AND 2 SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Laser Materials Processing Conference (ICALEO(R)99) CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Laser Inst Amer AB Experiments have been performed using a coaxial end-effector to combine a focused laser beam and a plasma are. The device employs a hollow tungsten electrode, a focusing lens, and conventional plasma are torch nozzles to co-locate the focused beam and are on the workpiece. Plasma are nozzles were selected to protect the electrode from laser generated metal vapor. The project goal is to develop an improved fusion welding process that exhibits both absorption robustness and deep penetration for small scale (< 1.5 mm thickness) applications. On aluminum alloys 6061 and 6111, the hybrid process has been shown to eliminate hot cracking in the fusion zone. Fusion zone dimensions for both stainless steel and aluminum were found to be wider than characteristic laser welds, and deeper than characteristic plasma are welds. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fuerschbach, PW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-60-9 J9 LIA P PY 2000 VL 87 BP D102 EP D109 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BQ62Z UT WOS:000089016200082 ER PT B AU Knorovsky, GA Kanouff, MP MacCallum, DO Fuerschbach, PW AF Knorovsky, GA Kanouff, MP MacCallum, DO Fuerschbach, PW BE Christensen, P TI Analysis and validation of laser spot weld-induced distortion SO ICALEO (R)'99: PROCEEDING OF THE LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING CONFERENCE, VOL 87, PTS 1 AND 2 SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Laser Materials Processing Conference (ICALEO(R)99) CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Laser Inst Amer AB Laser spot welding is an ideal process for joining small parts with tight tolerances on weld size, location, and distortion, particularly those with near-by heat sensitive features. It is also key to understanding the overlapping laser spot seam welding process. Rather than attempting to simulate the laser beam-to-part coupling (particularly if a keyhole occurs), it was measured by calorimetry. This data was then used to calculate the thermal and structural response of a laser spot welded SS304 disk using the finite element method. Five combinations of process parameter values were studied. Calculations were compared to experimental data for temperature and distortion profiles measured by thermocouples and surface profiling. Results are discussed in terms of experimental and modeling factors. We then suggest appropriate parameters for laser spot welding. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Knorovsky, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-60-9 J9 LIA P PY 2000 VL 87 BP D242 EP D251 PN 1&2 PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BQ62Z UT WOS:000089016200097 ER PT B AU Xu, Z Leong, KH Reed, CB AF Xu, Z Leong, KH Reed, CB BE Christensen, P TI Real-time monitoring of laser surface hardening of ferrous alloys SO ICALEO (R)'99: PROCEEDING OF THE LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING CONFERENCE, VOL 87, PTS 1 AND 2 SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Laser Materials Processing Conference (ICALEO(R)99) CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Laser Inst Amer AB An infrared process monitor was used to monitor in real-time the infrared emissions during laser surface hardening of gray cast iron and 1045 steel. The signal from the monitor was correlated with the hardness and case depth of the laser-treated tracks. Test data show that a linear relationship exists between the monitor output DC level voltage and hardness up to the maximum hardness possible and also between the monitor output DC level voltage and case depth. This simple relationship of the monitor voltage signal with hardness and case depth makes it easy to monitor process hardness, case depth and quality. A calibration test on prototypic material can be used to determine at what voltage level melting occurs and the heat treating process hardness and case depth can be monitored easily by setting an upper and lower bound for the voltage signal. The monitor is also capable of tracking changes in surface quality or flatness of the part that is being treated. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xu, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 360, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-60-9 J9 LIA P PY 2000 VL 87 BP E53 EP E60 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BQ62Z UT WOS:000089016200106 ER PT B AU Xu, Z Reed, CB Leong, KH Hunter, BV AF Xu, Z Reed, CB Leong, KH Hunter, BV BE Christensen, P TI Pulsed laser surface hardening of ferrous alloys SO ICALEO (R)'99: PROCEEDING OF THE LASER MATERIALS PROCESSING CONFERENCE, VOL 87, PTS 1 AND 2 SE LASER INSTITUTE OF AMERICA - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Laser Materials Processing Conference (ICALEO(R)99) CY NOV 15-18, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Laser Inst Amer AB A high power pulsed Nd:YAG laser and special optics were used to produce surface hardening on 1045 steel and gray cast iron. Unlike CO2 lasers, where absorptive coatings are required, the higher absorptivity of ferrous alloys at the Nd:YAG laser wavelength eliminates the necessity of applying a coating before processing. Metallurgical analysis of the treated tracks showed that very fine and hard martensitic microstructure (1045 steel) or inhomogeneous martensite (gray cast iron) were obtained without surface melting, giving hardness of HRC 61 for 1045 steel and 40 for gray cast iron. The maximum case depths for both alloys are 0.6 mm. Gray cast iron was more difficult to harden without surface melting because of its lower melting temperature and a significantly longer time-at-temperature required to diffuse carbon atoms from the graphite flakes into the austenite matrix during laser heating. The thermal distortion was characterized in term of flatness changes after surface hardening. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xu, Z (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 360, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 USA BN 0-912035-60-9 J9 LIA P PY 2000 VL 87 BP F30 EP F38 PN 1&2 PG 5 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BQ62Z UT WOS:000089016200125 ER PT B AU Thomas, RC Paul, KW Romanek, CS Coughlin, DP AF Thomas, RC Paul, KW Romanek, CS Coughlin, DP GP ICARD ICARD TI Field results from an anaerobic constructed-wetland system used to demonstrate remediation of ARD from a coal storage facility SO ICARD 2000, VOLS I AND II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD 2000) CY 2000 CL DENVER, CO AB Two separate constructed treatment wetland (CTW) systems receiving the same metal contaminated, acid sulfate water over different lengths of time and at different rates were evaluated for metal attenuation. Both wetlands are the alkalinity generator portion of a succesive alkalinity producing system (SAPS). Sequential extractions are employed to determine phases of metal removal. Results indicate that Fe, Al, Zn, Ni, and Cu accumulate in the organic substrate over time. Manganese accumulates initially, but is not retained in the system over time. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Thomas, RC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC MINING METALLURGY AND EXPLORATION INC PI LITTLETON PA 8307 SHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA BN 0-87335-182-7 PY 2000 BP 1177 EP 1184 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BS44U UT WOS:000169875500116 ER PT S AU Foster I Roy, A Sander V AF Foster, I Roy, A Sander, V GP IEEE IEEE TI A quality of service architecture that combines resource reservation and application adaptation SO IEEE 2000 EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON QUALITY OF SERVICE SE International Workshop on Quality of Service LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE/IFIP International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS '00) CY JUN 05-07, 2000 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP IEEE Commun Soc, IFIP, ACM SIGCOMM, Marconi, AT&T, Cisco Syst AB Reservation and adaptation are two well-known and effective techniques for enhancing the end-to-end performance of network applications. However, both techniques also have limitations, particularly when dealing with high-bandwidth, dynamic flows: fixed-capability reservations tend to be wasteful of resources and hinder graceful degradation in the face of congestion, while adaptive techniques fail when congestion becomes excessive. We propose an approach to quality of service (QoS) that overcomes these difficulties by combining features of reservations and adaptation. In this approach, a combination of online control interfaces for resource management, a sensor permitting online monitoring, and decision procedures embedded in resources enable a rich variety of dynamic feedback interactions between applications and resources. We describe a QoS architecture, GARA, that has been extended to support these mechanisms, and use three examples of application-level adaptive strategies to show how this framework can permit applications to adapt both their resource requests and behavior in response to online sensor information. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Foster I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-615X BN 0-7803-6266-7 J9 INT WORKSH QUAL SERV PY 2000 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1109/IWQOS.2000.847954 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BR48M UT WOS:000166593000022 ER PT J AU Thomas, JJ AF Thomas, JJ TI The impact of computer graphics SO IEEE COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thomas, JJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0272-1716 J9 IEEE COMPUT GRAPH JI IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 20 IS 1 BP 17 EP 17 DI 10.1109/MCG.2000.814534 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 268RX UT WOS:000084430300004 ER PT S AU Cong, G Parvin, B AF Cong, G Parvin, B GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI A new regularized approach for contour morphing SO IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL I SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2000) CY JUN 13-15, 2000 CL HILTON HEAD ISL, SC SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence ID PLANE-CURVES; SHAPE; RECONSTRUCTION AB In this paper, we propose a new approach for interpolating curves (contour morphing) in time, which is a process of gradually changing a source curve (known) through intermediate curves (unknown) into a target curve (known). The novelty of our approach is in the deployment of a new regularization term and the corresponding Euler equation. Our method is applicable to implicit curve representation and it establishes a relationship between curve interpolation and a two dimensional function. This is achieved by minimizing the supremum of the gradient, which leads to the Infinite Laplacian Equation (ILE). ILE is optimal in the sense that interpolated curves are equally distributed along their normal direction. We point out that the existing Distance Field Manipulation (DFM) methods are only an approximation to the proposed optimal solution and that the relationship between ILE and DFM is not local as it has been asserted before. The proposed interpolation can also be used to construct multiscale curve representation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cong, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 0-7695-0662-3 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2000 BP 458 EP 463 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BQ57F UT WOS:000088804500065 ER PT S AU Yang, Q Parvin, B AF Yang, Q Parvin, B GP IEEE IEEE TI Feature based visualization of geophysical data SO IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL II SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2000) CY JUN 13-15, 2000 CL HILTON HEAD ISL, SC SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence AB Our goal is to develop a feature based framework for data mining and forecasting from geophysical data fields. These data may be generated from either numerical simulation models or space based platforms. This paper focuses on pertinent features from sea surface temperature (SST) fields that are observed with the AVHRR satellite. Our contribution consist of three components: (1) A method for tracking feature velocities from from fluid motion with incompressibility constraint, (2) a method for localizing singular events such as vortices and saddle points from underlying feature velocities, and (3) application of our protocol to 12 years of high resolution real data to reveal novel seasonal and inter-annual trends based on computed events. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, Q (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6919 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2000 BP 276 EP 281 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BQ57E UT WOS:000088804400037 ER PT S AU Tsap, LV Goldgof, DB Sarkar, S AF Tsap, LV Goldgof, DB Sarkar, S GP IEEE IEEE TI Multiscale combination of physically-based registration and deformation modeling SO IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION, PROCEEDINGS, VOL II SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR 2000) CY JUN 13-15, 2000 CL HILTON HEAD ISL, SC SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence ID TAGGED MRI; TRACKING; MOTION; IMAGES AB In this paper we present a novel multiscale approach to recovery of nonrigid motion from sequences of registered intensity and range images. The main idea of our approach is that a finite element (FEM) model can naturally handle both registration and deformation modeling using a single model-driving strategy. The method includes a multiscale iterative algorithm based on analysis of the undirected Hausdorff distance to recover correspondences. The method is evaluated with respect to speed, accuracy, and noise sensitivity. Advantages of the proposed approach are demonstrated using man-made elastic materials and human skin motion. Experiments with regular grid features are used for performance comparison with a conventional approach (separate snakes and FEM models). it is shown that the new method does not require a grid and can adapt the model to available object features. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tsap, LV (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, POB 808,L-551, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Sarkar, Sudeep/A-8213-2009 OI Sarkar, Sudeep/0000-0001-7332-4207 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-6919 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2000 BP 422 EP 429 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BQ57E UT WOS:000088804400056 ER PT B AU Skourikhine, A AF Skourikhine, A GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Phglogenetic tree reconstruction using self-adaptive genetic algorithm SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIO-INFORMATICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Bio-Informatics and Biomedical Engineering CY NOV 08-10, 2000 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE, Comp Soc, Task Force Virtual Intelligence, IEEE, Engn Med & Biol Soc, EMB, Allis Inc, ICIIS, ICTAI, NIH, NCI, TIGR ID INFERENCE AB We developed a self-adaptive genetic algorithm for a maximum likelihood reconstruction of phylogenetic trees using nucleotide sequence data. It resulted in a faster reconstruction of the trees with less computing power and automatic self-adjustment of settings of the optimization algorithm parameters. We focused on the use of genetic algorithms (GAs) with self-adaptive cont, ol parameters and GAs integration with phylogenetic tree representations. The developed technique is applicable to any nucleotide sequences inferring evolutionary relationships of organisms. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Safeguards Syst Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Skourikhine, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Safeguards Syst Grp, MS E541, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0862-6 PY 2000 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Biomedical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR27M UT WOS:000165991700016 ER PT B AU Skourikhine, AN Burr, T AF Skourikhine, AN Burr, T GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Linguistic analysis of the nucleoprotein gene of influenza A virus SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIO-INFORMATICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Bio-Informatics and Biomedical Engineering CY NOV 08-10, 2000 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE, Comp Soc, Task Force Virtual Intelligence, IEEE, Engn Med & Biol Soc, EMB, Allis Inc, ICIIS, ICTAI, NIH, NCI, TIGR AB We applied a linguistic analysis method (N-grams) to classify nucleotide and amino acids sequences of the nucleoprotein (NP) gene of rite influenza A thus isolated from three hosts and sever al geographic regions. We considered letter frequency (1-grams), letter pairs frequency (2-grams) and triplets' frequency (3-grams). Nearest neighbor classifiers and decision tree classifiers bused on 1,2,3-grams were constructed for NP nucleotide and amino acids strains and their classification efficiencies were compared with the groupings obtained using phylogenetic analysis. Our results show, that disregarding positional information for NP can provide almost the same high level of classification accuracy as alternative more complex classification techniques that usf positional information. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Safeguards Syst Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Skourikhine, AN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Safeguards Syst Grp, MS E541, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0862-6 PY 2000 BP 193 EP 199 DI 10.1109/BIBE.2000.889607 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Biomedical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR27M UT WOS:000165991700024 ER PT B AU Parvin, B Cong, G Fontenay, G Taylor, J Henshall, R Barcellos-Hoff, MH AF Parvin, B Cong, G Fontenay, G Taylor, J Henshall, R Barcellos-Hoff, MH GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI BioSig: A bioinformatic system for studying the mechanism of inter-cell signaling SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIO-INFORMATICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Bio-Informatics and Biomedical Engineering CY NOV 08-10, 2000 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP IEEE, Comp Soc, IEEE, Comp Soc, Task Force Virtual Intelligence, IEEE, Engn Med & Biol Soc, EMB, Allis Inc, ICIIS, ICTAI, NIH, NCI, TIGR ID 3D AB Mapping inter-cell signaling pathways requires an integrated view of experimental and informatic protocols. BioSig provides the foundation of cataloging inter-cell responses as a function of particular conditioning, treatment! staining, etc, for either in vivo or in vitro experiments. This paper outlines the system architecture, a functional data model for representing experimental protocols, algorithms for image analysis, and the required statistical analysis. The architecture provides remote shared operation of an inverted optical microscope, and couples instrument operation with images acquisition and annotation. The information is stored in an object-oriented database. The algorithms extract structural information such as morphology and organization, and map it to functional information such as inter-cellular responses. An ex ample of usage of this system is included. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Comp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Parvin, B (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Comp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0862-6 PY 2000 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1109/BIBE.2000.889619 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Biomedical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR27M UT WOS:000165991700036 ER PT B AU Wong, PC Cowley, W Foote, H Jurrus, E Thomas, J AF Wong, PC Cowley, W Foote, H Jurrus, E Thomas, J GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Visualizing sequential patterns for text mining SO IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION VISUALIZATION 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (INFOVIS 2000) CY OCT 09-10, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE, Comp Soc, Tech Comm Visualizat & Graph AB A sequential pattern in data mining is a finite series of elements such as A --> B --> C --> D where A, B, C, and D are elements of the same domain. The mining of sequential patterns is designed to find patterns of discrete events that frequently happen in the same arrangement along a timeline. Like association and clustering, the mining of sequential patterns is among the most popular knowledge discovery techniques that apply statistical measures to extract useful information from large datasets. As our computers become more powerful, we are able to mine bigger datasets and obtain hundreds of thousands of sequential patterns in full detail. With this vast amount of data, Mle argue that neither data mining nor visualization by itself can manage the information and reflect the knowledge effectively. Subsequently, Mle apply visualization to augment data mining in a study of sequential patterns in large text corpora. The result shows that we can learn more and more quickly in an integrated visual data-mining environment. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM pak.wong@pnl.gov; wendy.cowley@pnl.gov; harlan.foote@pnl.gov; elizabeth.jurrus@pnl.gov; jim.thomas@pnl.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0804-9 PY 2000 BP 105 EP 111 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR14B UT WOS:000165731800012 ER PT B AU Havre, S Hetzler, B Nowell, L AF Havre, S Hetzler, B Nowell, L GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI ThemeRiver: Visualizing theme changes over time SO IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION VISUALIZATION 2000 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization (INFOVIS 2000) CY OCT 09-10, 2000 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UT SP IEEE, Comp Soc, Tech Comm Visualizat & Graph DE visualization metaphors; trend analysis; timeline AB ThemeRiver(TM) is a prototype system that visualizes thematic variations over time within a large collection of documents. The "river" flows from left to right through rime, changing width to depict changes in thematic strength of temporally associated documents. Colored "currents" flowing within the river narrow or widen to indicate decreases or increases in the strength of ail individual topic or a group of topics in the associated documents. The river is shown within the context of a timeline and a cor-responding textual presentation of external events. C1 Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Battelle Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM susan.havre@pnl.gov; beth.hetzler@pnl.gov; lucy.nowell@pnl.gov NR 18 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0804-9 PY 2000 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1109/INFVIS.2000.885098 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BR14B UT WOS:000165731800013 ER PT J AU Giust, GK Sigmon, TW AF Giust, GK Sigmon, TW TI Laser-processed thin-film transistors fabricated from sputtered amorphous-silicon films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE excimer laser; full melt threshold; gas immersion laser doping; hydrogenation; laser crystallization; poly-Si TFT; sputtered silicon; thin film transistor ID POLY-SI TFTS; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; HYDROGEN PASSIVATION; LEAKAGE CURRENT; POLYSILICON; CRYSTALLIZATION; MECHANISMS; MOSFETS AB Low-temperature polysilicon thin-film transistors (TFT's) have been fabricated from sputtered silicon films and characterized as a function of as-deposited hydrogen (H) content and laser crystallization fluence. A general trend is observed where TET performance improves as the H content is lowered. Devices made from similar to 0% H sputtered films perform similar to those made from low-pressure chemical-vapor deposition processes (LPCVD), but are fabricated at a much lower processing temperature (300 OC). The best sputtered TFT's had mobilities of similar to 200 cm(2)/Vs, and on/off current ratios of more that 10(8). C1 LSI Log, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Giust, GK (reprint author), LSI Log, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JAN PY 2000 VL 47 IS 1 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1109/16.817587 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 273QF UT WOS:000084717800027 ER PT J AU Nijim, YW Stearns, SD Mikhael, WB AF Nijim, YW Stearns, SD Mikhael, WB TI Quantitative performance evaluation of the lossless compression approach using pole-zero modeling SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE arithmetic coding; data compression; lossless compression; signal modeling ID FREQUENCY-DOMAIN; LEAST-SQUARE; SIGNALS AB A technique for lossless compression of seismic signals is proposed. The algorithm employed is based on the equation-error structure, which approximates the signal by minimizing the error in the least-square sense and estimates the transfer characteristic as a rational function or equivalently, as an autoregressive moving average process. The algorithm is implemented in the frequency domain. The performance of the proposed technique is compared with the lossless linear predictor and the differentiator approaches for compressing seismic signals, The residual sequence of these schemes is coded using arithmetic coding. The suggested approach yields compression measures (in terms of bits per sample) lower than the lossless linear predictor and the differentiator for compressing different classes of seismic signals. C1 Thomson Consumer Elect, Indianapolis, IN 46290 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Nijim, YW (reprint author), Thomson Consumer Elect, Indianapolis, IN 46290 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1109/36.823899 PN 1 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 283XF UT WOS:000085300800004 ER PT J AU Clark, GA Sengupta, SK Aimonetti, WD Roeske, F Donetti, JG AF Clark, GA Sengupta, SK Aimonetti, WD Roeske, F Donetti, JG TI Multispectral image feature selection for land mine detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE automatic target recognition; detection; feature; image; land mine; multispectral ID TARGETS AB Our system uses a camera that acquires registered images in sis spectral hands and a supervised-learning algorithm to detect metal and plastic land mines. Results show that even with a small sample size, the detection performance is good and holds promise for future work with larger data sets. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Clark, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2000 VL 38 IS 1 BP 304 EP 311 DI 10.1109/36.823923 PN 1 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 283XF UT WOS:000085300800028 ER PT J AU Kersting, WH Rathbun, JS AF Kersting, WH Rathbun, JS TI The analysis of an ungrounded wye-delta transformer bank serving an induction motor and single-phase lighting loads SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1999 IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference CY MAY 02-04, 1999 CL INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA SP IEEE DE distribution; induction motor; transfer function; transformer connection models AB This paper documents the detailed analysis of the three-phase ungrounded wye-delta transformer bank serving a combination three-phase induction motor and single-phase lighting load, A 3 x 3 transfer function matrix is developed that makes it possible to determine the load line-to-line voltages with a know ledge of the primary voltages of the transformer bank. Included in the transfer function matrix are the transformer impedances, unsymmetrical secondary impedance matrix, and the impedances of the motor and single-phase lighting load. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kersting, WH (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Klipsch Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 36 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1109/28.821794 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 281TJ UT WOS:000085176600007 ER PT J AU Hall, CS Lanza, GM Rose, JH Kaufmann, RJ Fuhrhop, RW Handley, SH Waters, KR Miller, JG Wickline, SA AF Hall, CS Lanza, GM Rose, JH Kaufmann, RJ Fuhrhop, RW Handley, SH Waters, KR Miller, JG Wickline, SA TI Experimental determination of phase velocity of perfluorocarbons: Applications to targeted contrast agents SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID BROAD-BAND MEASUREMENTS; ALBUNEX(R) SUSPENSIONS; ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; SPEED; DOGS AB Targeted acoustic contrast agents are designed to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonic diagnoses, We have previously developed a ligand targeted ultrasonic contrast system that is a lipid-encapsulated, liquid-perfluorocarbon emulsion. The emulsion particles are small (250 nm) and have inherently low echogenicity unless bound to a surface by a pretargeted ligand through avidin-biotin interactions. We have recently proposed a simple acoustic transmission line model that treats the emulsion particles as a thin layer over the targeted surface, In this model, the acoustic reflectivity of the sample increases for perfluorocarbons with smaller velocities of longitudinal sound or lower densities, In this study, we measure and report the velocity of longitudinal sound for 20 perfluorocarbons using a broadband phase spectroscopic approach for estimating phase velocities. Experimentally determined velocities ranged from 520 +/- 2 m/sec (perfluorohexane) to 705 +/- 5 m/s (perfluorodecalin), No measurable dispersion was observed over the useful bandwidth of 2 to 22 MHz. Increasing carbon backbone chain length and fluorine substitution with halogens of greater atomic weight increased the measured speed of sound. Our experimental data were consistent (R = 0.87) with a published empirical model that predicts velocity as a function of molecular structure. These data provide a rational basis for optimizing targeted perfluorocarbon-based contrast agents and offer further insight into the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed enhancement of surface acoustic reflectivity. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cardiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Hemagen PFC Inc, St Louis, MO 63146 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Hall, CS (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cardiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD JAN PY 2000 VL 47 IS 1 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1109/58.818750 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 280KN UT WOS:000085102100008 PM 18238519 ER PT B AU Klein, GJ AF Klein, GJ GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Four-dimensional processing of deformable cardiac PET data SO IEEE WORKSHOP ON MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Workshop on Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis CY JUN 11-12, 2000 CL HILTON HEAD ISL, SC SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence ID EJECTION FRACTION; BRAIN IMAGES; OPTICAL-FLOW; PERFUSION; MODELS; FIELDS; MOTION; SPECT AB A 4D deformable motion algorithm is described for use in the motion compensation of gated cardiac PET. The algorithm makes use of temporal continuity and a non-uniform elastic material model to provide improved estimates of health motion between time frames. Temporal continuity is enforced by two methods. First, a prediction motion field is calculated using an assumption of constant particle velocity between time frames. Second, incremental motion fields are used as initializations for the estimation of motion fields between distant time frames. The prediction fields augment the algorithm's ability to estimate motion between noisy adjacent time frames, and the concatenated incremental motion fields improve estimation for large deformations. The estimated motion fields are used to establish a voxel correspondence between volumes, and produce a motion compensated composite volume. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Klein, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Funct Imaging, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0738-7 PY 2000 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1109/MMBIA.2000.852369 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Mathematics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ44B UT WOS:000088359800016 ER PT B AU Petrin, RR Foy, BR MacKerrow, EP McVey, BD Nemzek, RJ Quick, CR Tiee, JJ AF Petrin, RR Foy, BR MacKerrow, EP McVey, BD Nemzek, RJ Quick, CR Tiee, JJ BE Stein, TI TI Using active TIR imaging for ground cover identification and mapping SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci ID CO2-LASER WAVELENGTHS; REFLECTANCE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Petrin, RR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E543, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 978 EP 980 PG 3 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000316 ER PT B AU Turner, DD Linne, H Bosenberg, J Lehmann, S Ertel, K Goldsmith, JEM Tooman, TP AF Turner, DD Linne, H Bosenberg, J Lehmann, S Ertel, K Goldsmith, JEM Tooman, TP BE Stein, TI TI Simultaneous ground-based remote sensing of water vapor by differential absorption and raman lidars SO IGARSS 2000: IEEE 2000 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, VOL I - VI, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium CY JUL 24-28, 2000 CL HONOLULU, HI SP IEEE, IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Res, Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Space Agcy, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Turner, DD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K9-38, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Ertel, Klaus/B-3381-2008; Linne, Holger/J-8510-2014 OI Ertel, Klaus/0000-0001-5138-7119; Linne, Holger/0000-0003-3188-0429 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-6359-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2000 BP 1455 EP 1458 PG 4 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BT13Y UT WOS:000172046000471 ER PT S AU Hemez, FM Doebling, SW Rhee, W AF Hemez, FM Doebling, SW Rhee, W GP SEM SEM TI Validation of nonlinear modeling from impact test data using probability integration SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC AB In this paper, a general framework is proposed for validating dynamics. a general framework is proposed for transient dynamics. Previous work has focused on nonlinear vibration and several difficulties of formulating and solving inverse problems for nonlinear dynamics have been identified. Among them, we cite the necessity to satisfy continuity of the response when several finite element optimizations are successively carried out and the need to propagate variability throughout the optimization of the model's parameters. Here, it is shown that these difficulties can be circumvented by replacing the resolution of an inverse problem with multiple forward, stochastic problems. The issue of defining an adequate metrics for data correlation is also addressed. Our approach is illustrated using data from an impact test experiment conducted at Los Alamos National Laboratory in support of our code validation and verification program. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Engn Anal Div, ESA EA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hemez, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Engn Anal Div, ESA EA, POB 1663,M-S P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 124 EP 132 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600020 ER PT S AU Stevens, RR Rojas, SP AF Stevens, RR Rojas, SP GP SEM SEM TI Blast confinement in pressure vessels SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC AB A series of hydrodynamic and structural analyses of a spherical confinement vessel has been performed to understand the dynamic response of the vessel when subjected to internal blast loadings. The analyses used a hydrodynamic code to estimate the dynamic blast pressures at the vessel's internal surfaces caused by the detonation of a mass of high explosive, then used those blast pressures as applied loads in an explicit finite element model to simulate the vessel's structural response. Particular attention was paid to the bolted port connections and the O-ring pressure seals. The analysis methods and results are discussed, and comparisons to experimental results are made. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stevens, RR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 328 EP 334 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600050 ER PT S AU Alvin, KF Reese, GM AF Alvin, KF Reese, GM GP SEM SEM TI A plan for structural dynamics code and model verification and validation SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC AB In this paper,we summarize a verification and validation plan for performing structural dynamics analyses on a class of complex mechanical systems. The plan addresses verification and validation far a new structural dynamics code, SALINAS, which is designed for systems with upwards of 10 million equations running an massively parallel computers. This plan defines a hierarchy of validation cases, building from separable physics to fully-coupled effects. Separable physics validation is directed towards generic elements of the physics of structural dynamic systems as implemented within the code, although those generic elements which are targeted for validation are motivated by the class of applications of the code. The purpose of the fully-coupled system validation cases is to ensure that the integration of the different components and submodels leads to predictive system models. The plan also defines code verification activities such as regression testing code review; and mesh refinement studies to demonstrate correct software implementation and numerical properties Finally it establishes rise protocols such as peer review, error estimation, and the use of uncertainty quantification, to ensure that the code is used properly and that the modeling simplifications are consistent with the validation database. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam & Vibrat Control Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alvin, KF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam & Vibrat Control Dept, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0847, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 342 EP 348 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600052 ER PT S AU Field, RV Red-Horse, JR Paez, TL AF Field, RV Red-Horse, JR Paez, TL GP SEM SEM TI Reliability analysis of penetration systems using nondeterministic methods SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC AB Device penetration into media such as metal and soil is an application of some engineering interest. Often, these devices contain infernal components and if is of paramount importance that all significant components survive the severe environment that accompanies the penetration event. In addition, the system must be robust to perturbations in ifs operating environment, some of which exhibit behavior which can only be quantified to within some level of uncertainty In the analysis discussed herein, methods to address the reliability of internal components for a specific application system are discussed. The shock response spectrum (SRS) is utilized in conjunction with the Advanced Mean Value (AMV) and Response Surface methods to make probabilistic statements regarding the predicted reliability of internal components. Monte carlo simulation methods are also explored. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Strust Dynam Dev Dept 9124, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Field, RV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Strust Dynam Dev Dept 9124, MS 0847, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Field, Richard/0000-0002-2765-7032 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 363 EP 368 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600055 ER PT S AU Carne, TG Dohrmann, CR AF Carne, TG Dohrmann, CR GP SEM SEM TI Experimental-based modeling of a support structure as part of a full system model SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC AB Structural dynamic systems are often attached to a support structure to simulate proper boundary conditions during testing. In some cases, the support structure is fairly simple and can be modeled by discrete springs and dampers. In other cases, the desired test conditions necessitate the use of a support structure which introduces dynamics of its own. For such cases, a more complex structural dynamic model is required to simulate the response of the full combined system. In this pa per, experimental frequency response functions, admittance function modeling concepts, and least squares reductions are used to develop a support structure model including both translational and rotational degrees of freedom at an attachment location. Subsequently, the modes of the support structure are estimated, and a NASTRAN model is created for attachment to the tested system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carne, TG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0557, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 461 EP 467 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600070 ER PT S AU Doebling, SW AF Doebling, SW GP SEM SEM TI The strategic questions posed at SD2000 SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC AB Certain attendees at the Structural Dynamics 2000 Forum held at Los Alamos National Laboratory in April 1999 were asked to submit questions for consideration by the full body of the forum. These questions were intended to generate conversation of a strategic nature regarding the future of structural dynamics. The questions are summarized and categorized in this document for the benefit of the structural dynamics community at large. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Doebling, SW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 589 EP 600 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600089 ER PT S AU Farrar, CR Brown, D Bucher, I Imergum, M Paez, TL AF Farrar, CR Brown, D Bucher, I Imergum, M Paez, TL GP SEM SEM TI Grand challenges for structural dynamics SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC AB During the Structural Dynamics 2000 Forum held at Los Alamos National Laboratory in April, 1999, attendees were invited to submit ideas regarding Grand Challenge problems for structural dynamics. This paper will summarize the five ideas that were suggested If is hoped that this paper will motivate others to suggest additional ideas and that open discussions of Grand Challenge Problems will become an integral part of future IMAC Conferences. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Farrar, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 601 EP 606 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600090 ER PT S AU Fugate, ML Sohn, H Farrar, CR AF Fugate, ML Sohn, H Farrar, CR GP SEM SEM TI Unsupervised learning methods for vibration-based damage detection SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC AB The basic premise of vibration-based damage detection rs that damage will significantly alter the stiffness, mass, or energy dissipation properties of a system, which, in turn, alter the measured dynamic response or the system. Although the basis for vibration-based damage detection appears intuitive, its actual application poses many significant technical challenges. A fundamental challenge is that in many situations vibration-based damage detection must be performed in an unsupervised learning mode. Here, the term unsupervised learning implies that data from damaged systems are not available. These challenges are supplemented by many practical issues associated with making accurate and repeatable vibration measurements at a limited number of locations on complex structures often operating in adverse environments. This paper will discuss :wa statistical methods for approaching the unsupervised,learning damage detection problem. The first method is density estimation and significance testing. The second method is statistical process control. Examples of these methods are applied to data from an undamaged and subsequently damaged concrete column. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Res & Applicat Grp, CIC 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fugate, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Res & Applicat Grp, CIC 3, POB 1663,M-S B265, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 652 EP 659 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600098 ER PT S AU Sohn, H Fugate, ML Farrar, CR AF Sohn, H Fugate, ML Farrar, CR GP SEM SEM TI Continuous structural monitoring using statistical process control SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC AB A damage detection problem is cast in the context of a statistical pattern recognition paradigm. In particular, this paper focuses on applying statistical process control methods referred to as "control charts" to vibration-based damage detection. First, an auto-regressive (AR) model is fitted to the measured time histories from an undamaged structure. Residual errors, which quantify the difference between the prediction from the AR model and the actual measured time history at each time interval, are used as the damage-sensitive features. Next, the average and variability of the selected features are monitored by the Xbar and S control charts. A statistically significant number of error terms outside the control limits indicate a system transit from a healthy state to a damage state. For demonstration, this statistical process control is applied to vibration test data acquired from a concrete bridge column as the column is progressively damaged. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat div, Engn Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sohn, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat div, Engn Anal Grp, M-S C926, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 660 EP 667 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600099 ER PT S AU Mayes, RL Dorrell, LR Klenke, SE AF Mayes, RL Dorrell, LR Klenke, SE GP SEM SEM TI Applications of the automated SMAC modal parameter extraction package SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC AB An algorithm known as SMAC (Synthesize Modes And Correlate), based on principles of modal filtering, has been in development for a few years. The new capabilities of the automated Version are demonstrated on test data from a complex shell/payload system. Examples of extractions from impact and shaker data are shown. The automated algorithm extracts 30 to 50 modes in the bandwidth from each column of the frequency response function matrix. Examples of the synthesized Mode Indicator Functions (MIFs) compared with the actual MIFs show the accuracy of the technique. A data set for one input and 170 accelerometer outputs can typically be reduced in an hour. Application to a test with some complex modes is also demonstrated. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Expt Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mayes, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Expt Struct Dynam Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 772 EP 778 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600114 ER PT S AU Mayes, RL Klenke, SE AF Mayes, RL Klenke, SE GP SEM SEM TI Automation and other extensions of the SMAC modal parameter extraction package SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC AB As model validation techniques gain more acceptance and increase in power, the demands on the modal parameter extractions increase. The estimation accuracy, the number of modes desired, and the data reduction efficiency are required features. An algorithm known as SMAC (Synthesize Modes And Correlate), based on principles of modal filtering, has been in development for a few years([1,2]). SMAC has now been extended in two main areas. First, it has now been automated. Second, it has been extended to fit complex modes as well as real modes. These extensions have enhanced the power of modal extraction so that, typically, the analyst needs to manually fit only 10 percent of the modes in the desired bandwidth, whereas the automated routines will fit 90 percent of the modes. SMAC could be successfully automated because it generally does not produce computational roots. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Expt Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mayes, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Expt Struct Dynam Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 779 EP 785 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600115 ER PT S AU Barney, P Lauffer, J Redmond, J Sullivan, W AF Barney, P Lauffer, J Redmond, J Sullivan, W GP SEM SEM TI Active control of a magnetically levitated spindle SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC AB Active magnetic bearing (AMB) technologically has received significant attention especially in applications where contaminants are an issue. AMBs offer some important advantages over conventional ball, roller or journal bearings such as no physical contact in the bearing and consequently no need for lubricants. Additionally, given the active actuator capabilities, the AMB is well suited to controlling shaft position and therefore offers the potential for actively balancing spindles and micro-shaping capabilities for machine tools. This work focuses on utilizing AMB actuator capabilities to dynamically center spindles. In this study, an intentionally unbalanced spindle was actively centered using an AMB. To perform this task, a modeling, simulation and test program was implemented to design the adaptive LMS controller. The LMS controller was implemented on the MBC500 where significantly improved the concentricity of the unbalanced shaft. This paper presents the dynamic system analysis, model validation, control simulation and implementation of the multi-axis spindle centering AMB project. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Barney, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 1288 EP 1295 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600194 ER PT S AU Alvin, KF Hemez, F AF Alvin, KF Hemez, F GP SEM SEM TI Dynamic mode shape expansion using mass orthogonality constraints SO IMAC-XVIII: A CONFERENCE ON STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th IMAC Conference on Computational Challenges in Structural Dynamics CY FEB 07-10, 2000 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP IMAC ID ELEMENT AB An algorithm is presented for expanding measured mode shapes obtained from modal testing to the full set of degrees of freedom of a corresponding finite element model. The method is based on a dynamic modal expansion which minimizes the residual error in the eigenvalue equation for each measured mode. A novel feature of the present algorithm is the application of mass orthogonality constraints to the minimization problem. Solution of this new minimization problem is much more difficult than the unconstrained problem because of the nonlinearity of the constraints, and the fact that the constraints have the effect of coupling the mode-by-mode expansion equations. An iterative Sequential Quadratic Programming approach is first applied to obtain the projected mode shapes. Then a modification of the approach is developed to de-couple the mode-by-mode projection equations. This modification reduces the computational cost of each iteration to approximately that of the unconstrained problem, while reducing the convergence rate of the iterative algorithm from second order to first order. The algorithm is shown to be an effective approach to incorporating physically relevant constraints into the projection problem, thus alleviating some of the sensitivity to the choice of the minimization function. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alvin, KF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Dept, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0439, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-67-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4062 BP 1496 EP 1502 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BP87R UT WOS:000086462600228 ER PT S AU Gee, TF Karnowski, TP Tobin, KW AF Gee, TF Karnowski, TP Tobin, KW BE Vasudev, B Hsing, TR Tescher, AG Stevenson, RL TI Multiframe combination and blur deconvolution of video data SO IMAGE AND VIDEO COMMUNICATIONS AND PROCESSING 2000 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image and Video Communications and Processing 2000 CY JAN 25-28, 2000 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE Blur Deconvolution; de-interlacing; super-resolution; Motion Estimation ID IMAGE AB In this paper we present a technique that may be applied to surveillance video data to obtain a higher-quality image from a sequence of lower-quality images. The increase in quality is derived through a deconvolution of optical blur and/or an increase in spatial sampling. To process sequences of real forensic video data, three main steps are required: frame and region selection, displacement estimation, and original image estimation. A user-identified region-of-interest (ROI) is compared to other frames in the sequence. The areas that are suitable matches are identified and used for displacement estimation. The calculated displacement vector images describe the transformation of the desired high-quality image to the observed low quality images. The final stage is based on the projection Onto Convex Sets (POCS) super-resolution approach of Patti, Sezan, and Tekalp.(1) This stage performs a deconvolution using the observed image sequence, displacement vectors, and an a priori known blur model. A description of the algorithmic steps are provided, and an example input sequence with corresponding output image is given. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gee, TF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Image Sci & Machine Vis Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3592-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 3974 BP 788 EP 795 DI 10.1117/12.383016 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BQ18Z UT WOS:000087420800077 ER PT S AU Terwilliger, TC AF Terwilliger, TC BE Fiddy, MA Millane, RP TI Maximum-likelihood density modification for X-ray crystallography SO IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION FROM INCOMPLETE DATA SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Reconstruction from Incomplete Data CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Soc Ind & Appl Math ID PHASE REFINEMENT; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; IMPROVEMENT; EXTENSION; RESOLUTION; PRISM AB A likelihood-based approach to density modification for macromolecular crystallography is presented. The approach can be applied in many cases where some information is available about the electron density at various points in the unit cell. The most important aspect of the method consists of likelihood functions that represent the probability that a particular value of electron density is consistent with prior expectations for the electron density at that point in the unit cell. Such likelihood functions are combined with likelihood functions based on experiment and with any prior knowledge about structure factors to form a combined likelihood function for each structure factor. An approach for maximizing the combined likelihood function that is simple acid rapid is developed. The density modification approach is applied to real and model data and is shown to result in substantially greater improvement in map quality than existing methods. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Terwilliger, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012 OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3768-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4123 BP 243 EP 248 DI 10.1117/12.409275 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR51M UT WOS:000166690600026 ER PT S AU Theiler, J Lavenier, DD Harvey, NR Perkins, SJ Szymanski, JJ AF Theiler, J Lavenier, DD Harvey, NR Perkins, SJ Szymanski, JJ BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Using blocks of skewers for faster computation of Pixel Purity Index SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VI CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE hyperspectral; multispectral; endmembers; remote sensing; Pixel Purity; field programmable gate array (FPGA) ID ALGORITHM AB The "pixel purity index" (PPI) algorithm proposed by Boardman, et al.(1) identifies potential endmember pixels in multispectral imagery. The algorithm generates a large number of "skewers" (unit vectors in random directions), and then computes the dot product of each skewer with each pixel. The PPI is incremented for those pixels associated with the extreme values of the dot products. A small number of pixels (a subset of those with the largest PPI values) are selected as "pure" and the rest of the pixels in the image are expressed as linear mixtures of these pure endmembers. This provides a convenient and physically-motivated decomposition of the image in terms of a relatively few components. We report on a variant of the PPI algorithm in which blocks of B skewers are considered at a time. From the computation of B dot products, one can produce a much larger set, of "derived" dot products that are associated with skewers that are linear combinations of the original B skewers. Since the derived dot products involve only scalar operations, instead of full vector dot products, they can be very cheaply computed. We will also discuss a hardware implementation on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) processor both of the original PPI algorithm and of the block-skewer approach. We will furthermore discuss the use of fast PPI as a front-end to more sophisticated algorithms for selecting the actual endmembers. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Theiler, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jt@lanl.gov; lavenier@lanl.gov; harve@lanl.gov; s.perkins@lanl.gov; szymanski@lanl.gov NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3777-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2000 VL 4132 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1117/12.406610 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy GA BR66H UT WOS:000167104600007 ER PT S AU Harvey, NR Brumby, SP Perkins, SJ Porter, RB Theiler, J Young, AC Szymanski, JJ Bloch, JJ AF Harvey, NR Brumby, SP Perkins, SJ Porter, RB Theiler, J Young, AC Szymanski, JJ Bloch, JJ BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Parallel evolution of image processing tools for multispectral imagery SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VI CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE multi-spectral; image processing; evolutionary computation; parallelization ID ALGORITHMS AB We describe the implementation and performance of a parallel, hybrid evolutionary-algorithm-based system, which optimizes image processing tools for feature-finding tasks in multi-spectral imagery (MSI) data sets. Our system uses an integrated spatio-spectral approach and is capable of combining suitably-registered data from different sensors. We investigate the speed-up obtained by parallelization of the evolutionary process via multiple processors (a workstation cluster) and develop a model for prediction of run-times for different numbers of processors. We demonstrate our system on Landsat Thematic Mapper MSI, covering the recent Cerro Grande fire at Los Alamos, NM, USA. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Harvey, NR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3777-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4132 BP 72 EP 82 DI 10.1117/12.406611 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy GA BR66H UT WOS:000167104600008 ER PT S AU Szymanski, JJ Blain, P Bloch, J Brislawn, C Brumby, S Caffrey, M Dunham, M Frigo, J Gokhale, M Harvey, N Kenyon, G Kim, W Layne, J Lavenier, D McCabe, K Mitchell, M Moore, K Perkins, S Porter, R Robinson, S Salazar, A Theiler, J Young, AC AF Szymanski, JJ Blain, P Bloch, J Brislawn, C Brumby, S Caffrey, M Dunham, M Frigo, J Gokhale, M Harvey, N Kenyon, G Kim, W Layne, J Lavenier, D McCabe, K Mitchell, M Moore, K Perkins, S Porter, R Robinson, S Salazar, A Theiler, J Young, AC BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Advanced processing for high-bandwidth sensor systems SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VI CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE multispectral analysis; hyperspectral analysis; image processing; reconfigurable computing; remote sensing ID ALGORITHM; SIGNAL AB Compute performance and algorithm design are key problems of image processing and scientific computing in general. For example, imaging spectrometers are capable of producing data in hundreds of spectral bands with millions of pixels. These data sets show great promise for remote sensing applications, but require new and computationally intensive processing. The goal of the Deployable Adaptive Processing Systems (DAPS) project at Los Alamos National Laboratory is to develop advanced processing hardware and algorithms for high-bandwidth sensor applications. The project has produced electronics for processing multi- and hyper-spectral sensor data, as well as LIDAR data, while employing processing elements using a variety of technologies. The project team is currently working on reconfigurable computing technology and advanced feature extraction techniques, with an emphasis on their application to image and RF signal processing. This paper presents reconfigurable computing technology and advanced feature extraction algorithm work and their application to multi- and hyperspectral image processing. Related projects on genetic algorithms as applied to image processing will be introduced, as will the collaboration between the DAPS project and the DARPA Adaptive Computing Systems program. Further details are presented in other talks during this conference and in other conferences taking place during this symposium. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Szymanski, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop C323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI McCabe, Kevin/H-3381-2013 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3777-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4132 BP 83 EP 90 DI 10.1117/12.406575 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy GA BR66H UT WOS:000167104600009 ER PT S AU Theiler, J Leeser, M Estlick, M Szymanski, JJ AF Theiler, J Leeser, M Estlick, M Szymanski, JJ BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Design issues for hardware implementation of an algorithm for segmenting hyperspectral imagery SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VI CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE hyperspectral; k-means; image segmentation; image processing; field-programmable gate array (FPGA) AB Modern hyperspectral imagers can produce data cubes with hundreds of spectral channels and millions of pixels. One way to cope with this massive volume is to organize the data so that pixels with similar spectral content are clustered together in the same category. This provides both a compression of the data and a segmentation of the image that can be useful for other image processing tasks downstream. The classic approach for segmentation of multidimensional data is the k-means algorithm; this is an iterative method that produces successively better segmentations. It is a simple algorithm, but the computational expense can be considerable, particularly for clustering large hyperspectral images into many categories. The ASAPP (Accelerating Segmentation And Pixel Purity) project aims to relieve this processing bottleneck by putting the k-means algorithm into field-programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware. The standard software implementation of k-means uses floating-point arithmetic and Euclidean distances. By fixing the precision of the computation and by employing alternative distance metrics (we consider the "Manhattan" and the "Max" metrics as well as a linear combination of the two), we can fit more distance-computation nodes on the chip, obtain a higher degree of fine-grain parallelism, and therefore faster performance, but at the price of slightly less optimal clusters. We investigate the effects of different distance metrics from both a theoretical (using random simulated data) and an empirical viewpoint (using 224-channel AVIRIS images and 10-channel multispectral images that are derived from the AVIRIS data to simulate MTI data). C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Theiler, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3777-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4132 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1117/12.406577 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy GA BR66H UT WOS:000167104600011 ER PT S AU Hirsch, KL Brumby, SP Harvey, NR Davis, AB AF Hirsch, KL Brumby, SP Harvey, NR Davis, AB BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI The MTI dense-cloud mask algorithm compared to a cloud mask evolved by a genetic algorithm and to the MODIS cloud mask SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VI CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE MTI; multispectral imaging; cloud masks; genetic algorithms AB In support Of its dual mission in environmental studies and nuclear nonproliferation, the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) has enhanced spatial and radiometric resolutions and state-of-the-art calibration capabilities. These instrumental developments put a new burden on retrieval algorithm developers to pass this accuracy on to the inferred geophysical parameters. In particular, current atmospheric correction schemes assume the intervening atmosphere is adequately modeled as a plane-parallel horizontally-homogeneous medium. A single dense-enough cloud in view of the ground target can easily offset reality from the calculations, hence the need for a reliable cloud-masking algorithm Pixel-scale cloud detection relies on the simple facts that clouds are generally whiter, brighter, and colder than the ground below; spatially, dense clouds are generally large, by some standard. This is a good basis for searching multispectral datacubes for cloud signatures. However, the resulting cloud mask can be very sensitive to the choice of thresholds in whiteness, brightness, and temperature as well as spatial resolution. In view of the nature of MTI's mission, a false positive is preferable to a miss and this helps the threshold setting. We have used the outcome of a genetic algorithm trained on several (MODIS Airborne Simulator-based) simulated MTI images to refine an operational cloud-mask. Its performance will be compared to EOS/Terra cloud mask algorithms. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sci Grp NIS2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hirsch, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sci Grp NIS2, POB 1663,Mail Stop C-323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3777-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4132 BP 230 EP 237 DI 10.1117/12.406591 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy GA BR66H UT WOS:000167104600024 ER PT S AU Clodius, WB Bender, SC Atkins, WH Christensen, W Little, CK Kay, RR Bridenstine, D AF Clodius, WB Bender, SC Atkins, WH Christensen, W Little, CK Kay, RR Bridenstine, D BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Initial MTI on-orbit calibration performance SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry VI CY JUL 31-AUG 02, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE multispectral; satellite; image; calibration; thermal; infrared; visible AB The Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) is a satellite-based imaging system that provides images in fifteen spectral bands covering large portions of the spectrum from 0.45 through 10.7 microns. This article describes the current MTI radiometric image calibration, and will provide contrast with pre-launch plans discussed in an earlier article. The MTI system is intended to provide: data with state-of-the-art radiometric calibration. The on-orbit calibration relies on the pre-launch ground calibration and is maintained by vicarious calibration campaigns. System drifts before and between the vicarious calibration campaigns are monitored by several on-board sources that serve as transfer sources in the calibration of external images. The steps used to transfer calibrations to image products, additional radiometric data quality estimates performed as part of this transfer and the data products associated with this transfer will all be examined. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Clodius, WB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS C323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3777-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4132 BP 290 EP 305 DI 10.1117/12.406598 PG 16 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Spectroscopy GA BR66H UT WOS:000167104600030 ER PT B AU Bennett, CL AF Bennett, CL BE VanBreugel, W BlandHawthorn, J TI Critical comparison of 3-D imaging approaches SO IMAGING THE UNIVERSE IN THREE DIMENSIONS: ASTROPHYSICS WITH ADVANCED MULTI-WAVELENGTH IMAGING DEVICES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Imaging the Universe in 3 Dimensions CY MAR 29-APR 01, 1999 CL WALNUT CREEK, CA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Calif Space Inst, Queensgate Instruments Ltd, ITT Aerosp AB Currently three imaging spectrometer architectures, tunable filter, dispersive, and Fourier transform, are viable for imaging the universe in three dimensions. There are domains of greatest utility for each of these architectures. The optimum choice among the various alternative architectures is dependent on the nature of the desired observations, the maturity of the relevant technology, and the character of the backgrounds. The domain appropriate for each of the alternatives is delineated; both for instruments having ideal performance as well as for instrumentation based on currently available technology. The environment and science objectives for the Next Generation Space Telescope will be used as a specific case to provide a basis for comparison of the various alternatives. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bennett, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-43, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-022-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 195 BP 58 EP 70 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ13X UT WOS:000087281800004 ER PT B AU Erskine, DJ Ge, J AF Erskine, DJ Ge, J BE VanBreugel, W BlandHawthorn, J TI Novel interferometer spectrometer for sensitive stellar radial velocimetry SO IMAGING THE UNIVERSE IN THREE DIMENSIONS: ASTROPHYSICS WITH ADVANCED MULTI-WAVELENGTH IMAGING DEVICES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Imaging the Universe in 3 Dimensions CY MAR 29-APR 01, 1999 CL WALNUT CREEK, CA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Calif Space Inst, Queensgate Instruments Ltd, ITT Aerosp AB we describe a new kind of stellar radial velocimeter based on the series combination of a wide angle Michelson interferometer and a disperser, and which we call a fringing spectrometer. The simplest instrument response of the interferometer produces smaller instrumental noise, and the low resolution requirements of the disperser allows high efficiency and creates an etendue capability which is two orders of magnitude larger than current radial velocimeters. The instrument is compact, inexpensive and portable. Benchtop tests of an open-air prototype shows the short term instrumental noise to be less than 0.76 m/s. A preliminary zero point drift of 4 m/s is already competitive with traditional instruments, in spite of the lack of obvious environmental controls and a known interferometer cavity length drift. We are currently installing cavity stabilization and other improvements that will lead to testing on starlight. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Erskine, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-022-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 195 BP 501 EP 507 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ13X UT WOS:000087281800069 ER PT B AU Ge, J Ciarlo, D Kuzmenko, P Alcock, C Macintosh, B Cook, K Max, C Angel, R Woolf, N Lloyd-Hart, M Najita, J AF Ge, J Ciarlo, D Kuzmenko, P Alcock, C Macintosh, B Cook, K Max, C Angel, R Woolf, N Lloyd-Hart, M Najita, J BE VanBreugel, W BlandHawthorn, J TI Adaptive optics high resolution spectroscopy: Present status and future direction SO IMAGING THE UNIVERSE IN THREE DIMENSIONS: ASTROPHYSICS WITH ADVANCED MULTI-WAVELENGTH IMAGING DEVICES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Imaging the Universe in 3 Dimensions CY MAR 29-APR 01, 1999 CL WALNUT CREEK, CA SP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Calif Space Inst, Queensgate Instruments Ltd, ITT Aerosp AB High resolution spectroscopy experiments with visible adaptive optics telescopes at Starfire Optical Range and Mt. Wilson have demonstrated that spectral resolution can be routinely improved by a factor of similar to 10 over the seeing-limited case at visible wavelengths. With large CCDs now available, a very wide wavelength range can be covered in a single exposure. In the near future, most large ground-based telescopes will be equipped with powerful adaptive optics systems. Most of these systems are aimed primarily at diffraction-limited operation in the near IR. An exciting new opportunity will thus open up for high resolution IR spectroscopy. Immersion echelle gratings with much coarser grooves being developed by us at LLNL will play a critical role in achieving high spectral resolution with a compact and low cost IR cryogenic cooled spectrograph and simultaneous large wavelength coverage on relatively small IR detectors. The combination provided by adaptive optics of very high resolution and simultaneous large wavelength coverage allows much improved sensitivity in the search for extra-solar planets through precision Doppler techniques and in the detection of newly formed giant planets through their influence on the protoplanetary accretion disk. It also opens the possibility of studying stellar activity through the simultaneous observation of a large number of stellar absorption line profiles for the first time. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ge, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-022-6 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 195 BP 568 EP 572 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ13X UT WOS:000087281800077 ER PT B AU Popowski, P AF Popowski, P BE Szabados, L Kurtz, DW TI The distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud SO IMPACT OF LARGE-SCALE SURVEYS ON PULSATING STAR RESEARCH SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 176th IAU Colloquium on the Impact of Large-Scale Surveys on Pulsating Star Research CY AUG 08-12, 1999 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Int Astron Union, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Hungarian Acad Sci, Natl Comm Technol Dev, Hungarian Sci Res Fund, Silicon Graph Inc, Sun Microsyst Magyarorszag Kft, Blackwell Sci Ltd ID GRAVITATIONAL LENSING EXPERIMENT; RED CLUMP STARS; BAADES WINDOW; GALACTIC BULGE; METALLICITY; EXTINCTION; SCALE AB I demonstrate that the two unexpected results in the local Universe: anomalous intrinsic (V - I)(0) colors of RR Lyrae stars and clump giants in the Galactic center, and very short distances to Magellanic Clouds inferred from clump giants, can be at least partially resolved with a modified coefficient of selective extinction A(V)/E(V - I). With this modification, I find a new clump-giant distance modulus to the Large Magellanic Cloud, mu(LMC) = 18.27 +/- 0.07, which is 0.09 larger than the Udalski (1998b) result. When distance estimates from the red clump, RR Lyrae stars and the eclipsing binary HV2274 are combined, one obtains mu(LMC) = 18.31 +/- 0.04 (internal). C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Popowski, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, POB 808,L-413, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-030-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 203 BP 203 EP 207 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ80M UT WOS:000089620700058 ER PT B AU Bradley, PA Guzik, JA AF Bradley, PA Guzik, JA BE Szabados, L Kurtz, DW TI Suppressing g modes in shell hydrogen-burning delta Scuti stars SO IMPACT OF LARGE-SCALE SURVEYS ON PULSATING STAR RESEARCH SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 176th IAU Colloquium on the Impact of Large-Scale Surveys on Pulsating Star Research CY AUG 08-12, 1999 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Int Astron Union, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Hungarian Acad Sci, Natl Comm Technol Dev, Hungarian Sci Res Fund, Silicon Graph Inc, Sun Microsyst Magyarorszag Kft, Blackwell Sci Ltd C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bradley, PA (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, X-2,MS B220, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM joy@lanl.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-030-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 203 BP 444 EP 444 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ80M UT WOS:000089620700138 ER PT B AU Guzik, JA Kaye, AB Bradley, PA Cox, AN Neuforge, C AF Guzik, JA Kaye, AB Bradley, PA Cox, AN Neuforge, C BE Szabados, L Kurtz, DW TI Driving g-mode pulsations in gamma Doradus variables SO IMPACT OF LARGE-SCALE SURVEYS ON PULSATING STAR RESEARCH SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 176th IAU Colloquium on the Impact of Large-Scale Surveys on Pulsating Star Research CY AUG 08-12, 1999 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP Int Astron Union, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Hungarian Acad Sci, Natl Comm Technol Dev, Hungarian Sci Res Fund, Silicon Graph Inc, Sun Microsyst Magyarorszag Kft, Blackwell Sci Ltd ID STELLAR PULSATIONS; WHITE-DWARF; STARS AB We suggest that the modulation of radiative flux by convection at the base of a deep envelope convection zone during the pulsation cycle is responsible for driving high-order g modes with periods 0.4 to 3 d observed in gamma Doradus variables. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Guzik, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Appl Phys, X-2,POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-030-7 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2000 VL 203 BP 445 EP 446 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ80M UT WOS:000089620700139 ER PT S AU Pasquale, RV Bracht, RR AF Pasquale, RV Bracht, RR GP IEEE IEEE TI SPECTRA: An innovative network analyzer SO IMTC/2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: SMART CONNECTIVITY: INTEGRATING MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 01-04, 2000 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Baltimore Sect IEEE, Washington Sect I&M Soc Chapter, Us Dept Commer, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, GEO-Ctrs Inc AB SPECTRA is an acronym which stands for Small Phased Eight Channel Transmit Receive Analyzer. It is a unique product that combines in one complete, small, low-power and low-cost package most of the features offered by other analyzers and includes other advantages as well. It is comparable to some other small analyzers in size and frequency range and is lower in cast than most, bl addition, it offers rugged construction and low power consumption, but above all, SPECTRA offers programmable flexibility in the form of eight channels, with eight input and eight output ports. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, MT, Measurement Technol Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Pasquale, RV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, MT, Measurement Technol Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-5890-2 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2000 BP 431 EP 436 DI 10.1109/IMTC.2000.846900 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BQ46B UT WOS:000088408100083 ER PT J AU Campisi, J AF Campisi, J TI Cancer, aging and cellular senescence SO IN VIVO LA English DT Review DE cellular immortalization; DNA damage; oncogenes; replicative senescence; telomerase; telomeres; tumor suppressor genes ID NORMAL HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; NORMAL HUMAN-CELLS; REPLICATIVE SENESCENCE; TELOMERASE ACTIVITY; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; LIFE-SPAN; PREMATURE SENESCENCE; TUMOR SUPPRESSION; G(1) ARREST; IN-VIVO AB Normal cells do not divide indefinitely due to a process termed cellular, or replicative senescence. Several lines of evidence suggest that replicative senescence evolved to protect higher eukaryotes, particulally mammals, fiom developing cancer. Senescent cells differ fiom their presenescent counterparts in three way: 1) they arrest growth and cannot be stimulated to reenter the cell cycle by physiological mitogens; 2) they become resistant to apoptotic cell death; 3) they acquire altered differentiated functions. Replicative senescence occurs because, owing to the biochemistry of DNA,replication, cells acquire one or more critically short telomere. The mechanism by which a short telomere induces the senescent phenotype is unknown. Recent findings suggest that certain types of DNA damage and inappropriate mitogenic signals can also cause cells to adopt a senescent phenotype. Thus, cells, respond to a number of potentially oncogenic stimuli by adopting a senescent phenoytpe. These findings suggest that the senescence response is a failsafe mechanism that protects cells fiom tumorigenic transformation. Despite the protection from cancer conveyed by cellular senescence and other mechanisms that suppress tumorigenesis, the development of cancer is almost inevitable as mammalian organisms age. Why is this the case? Certainly, aging predisposes cells to accumulate mutations, several of which are necessary before malignant transformation occurs, particularly in humans. However many benign or relatively well controlled tumors may also harbour, many potentially oncogenic mutations, suggesting that the tissue microenvironment can suppress the expression of many,malignant phenotypes. Although the idea remains controversial, cellular senescence has also been proposed to contribute to olganismal aging. Senescent cells have recently been shown to accumulate with age in human tissues. One possibility is that the tissue microenvironment is disrupted by the accumulation of dysfunctional senescent cells. Thus, mutation accumulation may synergize with the accumulation of senescent cells, leading to increasing risk for developing cancer that is a hallmark of mammalian aging. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Campisi, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mailstop 70A-1118, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 60 TC 225 Z9 235 U1 5 U2 28 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDNTIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, POB 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0258-851X J9 IN VIVO JI In Vivo PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1 BP 183 EP 188 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 298YD UT WOS:000086167600024 PM 10757076 ER PT S AU Ma, R Stamatelatos, IE Yasumura, S AF Ma, R Stamatelatos, IE Yasumura, S BE Yasumura, S Wang, J Pierson, RN TI Calibration of the Brookhaven National Laboratory delayed gamma neutron activation facility to measure total body calcium SO IN VIVO BODY COMPOSITION STUDIES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY OCT 07-09, 1999 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NEW YORK SP Serono Labs Inc, Lunar Corp, Tanita Corp Amer, Xitron Technologies Corp, Akern (Italy) SRL, RJL Syst, Brookhaven Sci Associates HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB Differences in body size and shape can cause large variances in the in vivo results of neutron activation analysis, To introduce corrections for body size for the delayed gamma neutron activation facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory, "reference man"-sized and "reference woman"-sized phantoms were constricted, Simulation results using the Monte Carlo Neutron and Photon Transport code also provided correction factors for people of different sizes. For individuals with a body mass index (BMI = weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) between 20 and 30, no correction was required. At BMIs greater than 30, the effects of neutron attenuation were significant and a correction factor of CF = -0.0192 x BMI + 1.5635 can be applied. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NCSR Demokritos, Inst Nucl Technol & Radiat Protect, GR-15310 Athens, Greece. RP Ma, R (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490,30 Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-257-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 904 BP 148 EP 151 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ56F UT WOS:000088775500025 PM 10865727 ER PT S AU Wielopolski, L Vartsky, D Pierson, R Goldberg, M Heymsfield, S Yasumura, S Melnychuk, ST Sredniawski, J AF Wielopolski, L Vartsky, D Pierson, R Goldberg, M Heymsfield, S Yasumura, S Melnychuk, ST Sredniawski, J BE Yasumura, S Wang, J Pierson, RN TI Gamma resonance absorption - New approach in human body composition studies SO IN VIVO BODY COMPOSITION STUDIES SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY OCT 07-09, 1999 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY SP Serono Labs Inc, Lunar Corp, Tanita Corp Amer, Xitron Technologies Corp, Akern (Italy) SRL, RJL Syst, Brookhaven Sci Associates HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB ID CELL MASS; FAT; POTASSIUM; DISEASE; AGE AB The main stream of body elemental analysis is based on the delayed, prompt, and inelastic neutron interactions with the main elements found in the human body, and subsequent analysis of the measured delayed or prompt gamma ray spectra, This methodology traditionally was, and still is, applied for whole body analysis and requires relatively high radiation doses, A new method, based on gamma nuclear resonance absorption (GNRA), is being established at Brookhaven National Laboratory as part of its body composition program. The method is element specific with a high tomographic spatial-resolution capability, at a small fraction of the radiation dose used in the current system. The new system, with its components and capabilities, is described below. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Soreq NRC, IL-81800 Yavne, Israel. St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, New York, NY 10025 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Adv Energy Syst Inc, Medford, NY 11763 USA. RP Wielopolski, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Bldg 490-D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM lwielo@bnl.gov RI huang, hongqi/N-1473-2014 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-258-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 904 BP 229 EP 235 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ56F UT WOS:000088775500045 PM 10865747 ER PT S AU De Lorenzo, A Andreoli, A Battisti, P Talluri, T Yasumura, S AF De Lorenzo, A Andreoli, A Battisti, P Talluri, T Yasumura, S BE Yasumura, S Wang, J Pierson, RN TI Total body capacitance correlates with total body potassium SO IN VIVO BODY COMPOSITION STUDIES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY OCT 07-09, 1999 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NEW YORK SP Serono Labs Inc, Lunar Corp, Tanita Corp Amer, Xitron Technologies Corp, Akern (Italy) SRL, RJL Syst, Brookhaven Sci Associates HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB ID BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE C1 Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Human Nutr Unit, I-00173 Rome, Italy. ENEA, Bologna, Italy. Akern, Srl, Florence, Italy. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP De Lorenzo, A (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Human Nutr Unit, Via Tor Vergata 135, I-00173 Rome, Italy. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-257-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 904 BP 259 EP 262 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ56F UT WOS:000088775500049 PM 10865751 ER PT S AU Orion, I Wielopolski, L AF Orion, I Wielopolski, L BE Yasumura, S Wang, J Pierson, RN TI Response function of the BGO and NaI(T1) detectors using Monte Carlo simulations SO IN VIVO BODY COMPOSITION STUDIES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on In Vivo Body Composition Studies CY OCT 07-09, 1999 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NEW YORK SP Serono Labs Inc, Lunar Corp, Tanita Corp Amer, Xitron Technologies Corp, Akern (Italy) SRL, RJL Syst, Brookhaven Sci Associates HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, New York, NY 10025 USA. RP Orion, I (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bell Ave, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI ORION, ITZHAK/F-2034-2012 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-257-6 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2000 VL 904 BP 271 EP 275 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BQ56F UT WOS:000088775500052 PM 10865754 ER PT J AU Rains, WO Counce, RM Spencer, BB AF Rains, WO Counce, RM Spencer, BB TI Analysis of the variability of parameters in the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller solution model for the nitric acid-water system SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BET MODEL AB The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) model was applied to the nitric acid-water system in order to determine the variability of the model constants. The available data were interpreted to obtain values for the entropic and energetic parameters from 9 to 225 m. The values of those parameters and the manner in which they vary are entirely consistent with the known chemistry of the system. The main conclusion is that the BET model should be modified in a fashion which maintains its simplicity and chemical significance. The possibility of such a simple approach to model highly nonideal systems forms the basis for future study. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rains, WO (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, 419 Dougherty Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 39 IS 1 BP 236 EP 239 DI 10.1021/ie990211g PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 272JD UT WOS:000084646000030 ER PT S AU Biefeld, RM Phillips, JD AF Biefeld, RM Phillips, JD BE Manasreh, MO Stadler, BJH Ferguson, I Zhang, YH TI Growth of InSb on GaAs substrates using InAlSb buffers for magnetic field sensor applications SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors III held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOBILITY AB We report the growth of InSb on GaAs using InAlSb buffers of high interest for magnetic field sensors. We have grown samples by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition consisting of similar to 0.55 mu m thick InSb layers with resistive InAlSb buffers on GaAs substrates with measured electron mobilities of similar to 40,000 cm(2)/V.s. We have investigated the In1-xAlxSb buffers for compositions x less than or equal to 0.22 and have found that the best results are obtained near x=0.12 due to the tradeoff of buffer layer bandgap and lattice mismatch. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Biefeld, RM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-515-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 607 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ66Y UT WOS:000089140500008 ER PT S AU Smith, M Mair, RA Lin, JY Jiang, HX Jones, ED Allerman, AA Kurtz, SR AF Smith, M Mair, RA Lin, JY Jiang, HX Jones, ED Allerman, AA Kurtz, SR BE Manasreh, MO Stadler, BJH Ferguson, I Zhang, YH TI Time-resolved photoluminescence studies of InxGa1-xAs1-yNy SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS III SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors III held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MULTIPLE-QUANTUM WELLS; LASER-DIODES; SOLAR-CELLS; GAAS; EMISSION; OPERATION; EXCITONS; SHIFT AB Time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy has been used to investigate carrier decay dynamics in In,Gal.,Asl,Ny (x similar to 0.03, y similar to 0.01) epilayers grown on GaAs by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Time-resolved PL measurements, performed for various excitation intensities and sample temperatures, indicate that the broad PL emission at low temperature is dominated by localized exciton recombination. Lifetimes in the range of 0.07-0.34 ns are measured; these photoluminescence lifetimes are significantly shorter than corresponding values obtained for GaAs. In particular, we observe an emission energy dependence of the decay lifetime at 10 y whereby the lifetime decreases with increasing emission energy across the PL spectrum. This behavior is characteristic of a distribution of localized states, which arises from alloy fluctuations. We have also studied the effects of post-growth rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the integrated photoluminescence emission intensity, which indicate that the optimal annealing conditions is 690 degrees C when annealed for 120 seconds in a nitrogen ambient. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Smith, M (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RI Lin, Jingyu/A-7276-2011; Jiang, Hongxing/F-3635-2011 OI Lin, Jingyu/0000-0003-1705-2635; Jiang, Hongxing/0000-0001-9892-4292 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-515-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 607 BP 153 EP 158 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ66Y UT WOS:000089140500020 ER PT S AU Chamberlin, DR Bruendermann, E Haller, EE AF Chamberlin, DR Bruendermann, E Haller, EE BE Manasreh, MO Stadler, BJH Ferguson, I Zhang, YH TI Investigation of new geometries for high duty cycle far-infrared p-type germanium lasers SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors III held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID EMISSION; GE AB We report on increasing the pulse length and repetition rate of p-type germanium lasers through miniaturization, increased electric field uniformity, and improved cooling. We have recently demonstrated that it is possible to improve the electric field uniformity necessary for an efficient laser and at the same time decrease the electrical input power by using a geometry with d/L>>1, where d is the distance between electrical contacts and L is the length in the direction of the Hall field. In order to achieve good heat sinking along with a large d/L ratio, we have developed a new, planar contact geometry. Attaching an undoped, high-resistivity, single-crystal Si heat sink to the base of the Ge planar contact laser increases the duty cycle by a factor of 5.5. In order to further decrease the input power by decreasing the volume of laser crystals in the planar contact geometry, we show as a proof-of-concept the use of polished strontium titanate single crystals as electrically insulating far-infrared mirrors based on restrahl band reflection. The physical phenomena underlying these improvements in this novel geometry will be discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chamberlin, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-515-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 607 BP 285 EP 289 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ66Y UT WOS:000089140500040 ER PT S AU Biefeld, RM Phillips, JD Kurtz, SR AF Biefeld, RM Phillips, JD Kurtz, SR BE Manasreh, MO Stadler, BJH Ferguson, I Zhang, YH TI The growth of InAsSb/InAs/InPSb/InAs mid-infrared emitters by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS III SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors III held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 29-DEC 02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID MIDINFRARED LASERS; MU-M AB We report on the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of strained layer superlattices (SLSs) of InAsSb/InAs/InPSb/InAs as well as mid-infrared optically pumped lasers grown using a high speed rotating disk reactor (RDR). The devices contain AlAsSb cladding layers and strained, type I, InAsSb/InAs/InPSb/InAs strained layer superlattice (SLS) active regions. By changing the layer thickness and composition of the SLS, we have prepared structures with low temperature (<20K) photoluminescence wavelengths ranging from 3.4 to 4.8 mu m. The optical properties of the InAsSb/InPSb superlattices revealed an anomalous low energy transition that can be assigned to an antimony-rich, interfacial layer in the superlattice. This low energy transition can be eliminated by introducing a 1.0nm InAs layer between the InAsSb and InPSb layers in the superlattice. An InAsSb/InAs/InPSb/InAs SLS laser was grown on an InAs substrate with AlAs0.16Sb0.84 cladding layers. A lasing threshold and spectrally narrowed laser emission were seen from 80 through 250 K, the maximum temperature where lasing occurred. The temperature dependence of the SLS laser threshold is described by a characteristic temperature, T-0 = 39 K, from 80 to 200 K. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Biefeld, RM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-515-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 607 BP 303 EP 308 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BQ66Y UT WOS:000089140500043 ER PT S AU Jacobson, PL Busch, GE Jolin, LJ Wang, P Cannata, RF Kincaid, GT Gurgenian, R Mesropian, S AF Jacobson, PL Busch, GE Jolin, LJ Wang, P Cannata, RF Kincaid, GT Gurgenian, R Mesropian, S BE Dereniak, EL Sampson, RE TI Design and testing of a high-speed, low-noise infrared detector array SO INFRARED DETECTORS AND FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on Infrared Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays CY APR 25-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE LWIR HgCdTeFPA; high-speed; low-noise ROIC; CO2 lidar AB For infrared laser remote sensing, a direct detection receiver may be optimally designed around a high speed, low noise focal plane array (FPA). Short pulse, high repetition rate operation of the laser transmitter makes it beneficial to operate the detector with short integration times, lowering the limiting integrated background photon flux. With this photon signal (which constitutes a noise contribution) made small enough, improved low-noise readout integrated circuits (ROIC) can be used to realize a significantly improved imaging lidar receiver. A 10 by 10 pixel ROIC has recently been designed and fabricated. Demonstrated capabilities include >100 kHz frame rate, 50 ns integration time, and less than 100 e(-) of input-referred readout noise. These ROICs have been mated with long-wavelength HgCdTe infrared detector arrays, with cutoff wavelengths greater than 11 mum. Characteristics of the demonstrated ROIC design will be presented, along with testing of the focal plane arrays hybridized to them. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jacobson, PL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E543, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3654-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4028 BP 469 EP 480 DI 10.1117/12.391761 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR35J UT WOS:000166173100049 ER PT S AU Weber, PG AF Weber, PG CA MTI Team BE Holst, GC TI Initial performance verification for the Multispectral Thermal Imager. SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imagings Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XI CY APR 26-27, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE modeling; analysis; system design; multispectral imaging; thermal imaging; calibration ID IMAGING-SYSTEM AB The Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) is designed to demonstrate the utility of multispectral remote sensing from a satellite platform for a variety of applications of interest to the U.S. Department of Energy. These applications include characterization of industrial facilities, environmental impacts of effluents, global change, hazardous waste sites, resource exploitation, crop health, and others. The MTI was designed using a procedure which we call "End-to-end modeling and analysis (EEM)." We began with target attributes, translated to observable signatures and then propagated the signatures through the atmosphere to the sensor location. We modeled the sensor attributes to yield a simulated data stream, which was then analyzed to retrieve information about the original target. The retrieved signature was then compared to the original to obtain a figure of merit: hence the term "end-to-end modeling and analysis." We based the EEM in physics to ensure high fidelity and to permit scaling. As the actual design of the payload evolved, and as real hardware was tested, we updated the EEM to facilitate trade studies, and to judge, for example, whether components that deviated from specifications were acceptable. During detailed calibration at the Los Alamos Radiometric Calibration Facility we used our models to explain certain observations, and to extend limited measurements to larger domains of applicability. Data analysis programs have been developed to generate a comprehensive set of data products through our Data Processing and Analysis Center. The satellite was due for launch on 8 February 2000: the actual launch date was 12 March, 2000. At the conference we anticipate sharing some preliminary observations from on-orbit. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Weber, PG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3656-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4030 BP 2 EP 9 DI 10.1117/12.391767 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BR56X UT WOS:000166832800001 ER PT S AU Datskos, PG Rajic, S Senesac, LR Earl, DD Evans, BM Corbeil, JL Datskou, I AF Datskos, PG Rajic, S Senesac, LR Earl, DD Evans, BM Corbeil, JL Datskou, I BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Strojnik, M TI Optical readout of uncooled thermal detectors SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications XXVI CY JUL 30-AUG 03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE infrared detector; optical readout; MEMS; diffraction; Fresnel zone plate ID MICROCANTILEVERS; RADIATION; ARRAYS AB We investigated microposition sensing of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) that is based on optical readout techniques. We determined the parameters that affect or limit the performance of optical readout techniques especially as they apply to detection of infrared radiation. Such microposition sensing schemes are very important as readout mechanisms for large arrays of microstructures which are required for imaging. In addition, we explored the performance of uncooled micromechanical IR sensors using Fresnel zone plates (FZP). This type of diffractive feature diffracts along the optical axis and not perpendicular to that axis. We found that temperature fluctuation noise and background fluctuation noise, are currently the limits to the performance of uncooled micromechanical IR detectors. The noise at the output of the optical readout includes amplified noise from the micromechanical structures and noise added by the optical readout itself. However, the added noise is negligible compared to the amplified temperature fluctuation noise inherent in the microstructures. In this context an optical readout is nearly an ideal, noiseless readout method. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Datskos, PG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3775-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4130 BP 185 EP 197 DI 10.1117/12.409842 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BR89F UT WOS:000167921500021 ER PT J AU Tsai, FC Apte, MG Daisey, JM AF Tsai, FC Apte, MG Daisey, JM TI An exploratory analysis of the relationship between mortality and the chemical composition of airborne particulate matter SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Colloquium on Particulate Air Pollution and Human Health CY JUN 06-08, 1999 CL DURHAM, NORTH CAROLINA SP US EPA, Amer Petr Inst, CA Air Resources Board, Hlth Effects Inst, Elect Power Res Inst, FL Light & Power Co, Ford Motor Co, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci ID ORGANIC-MATTER; METALS; MODELS; PARTICLES; POLLUTION AB We explored relationships between daily mortality and the major sources of airborne particulate matter (PM) using a newly developed approach, Factor Analysis and Poisson Regression (FA/PR). We hypothesized that by adding information on PM chemical speciation and source apportionment to typical PM epidemiological analysis, we could identify PM sources that cause adverse health effects. The FA/PR method was applied to a merged data set of mortality and extensive PM chemical speciation (including trace metals, sulfate, and extractable organic matter) in New Jersey. Statistically significant associations were found between mortality and several of the FA-derived PM sources, including oil burning, industry, sulfate aerosol, and motor vehicles. The FA/PR method provides new insight into potentially important PM sources related to mortality. For the data set we analyzed, the use of FA/PR to integrate multiple chemical species into source-related PM exposure metrics was found to be a more sensitive tool than the traditional approach using PM mass alone. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsai, FC (reprint author), EHLB, DHS, 2151 Berkeley Way,Room 334, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 21 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PY 2000 VL 12 SU 2 BP 121 EP 135 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 329MQ UT WOS:000087911100012 PM 26368526 ER PT S AU Daglis, IA Kamide, Y Mouikis, C Reeves, GD Sarris, ET Shiokawa, K Wilken, B AF Daglis, IA Kamide, Y Mouikis, C Reeves, GD Sarris, ET Shiokawa, K Wilken, B BE Kamide, Y Lui, ATY TI "Fine structure" of the storm-substorm relationship: Ion injections during Dst decrease SO INNER MAGNETOSPHERE DYNAMICS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D0 4 Symposium of the COSPAR Scientific Commission D Which was Held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 15-17, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Amer Geophys Union, Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron, Comm Space Res ID MAGNETIC STORMS; O+ AB Following a long period of consensus on the storm-substorm relationship, a dispute on this topic has emerged in recent years. The importance of substorms for the buildup of the terrestrial ring current, which is the major element of magnetic storms, has been questioned in several studies. This paper is an effort to assess the "fine structure" of the storm-substorm relationship, by investigating the correlation between the changes in Dst and the substorm-associated O+ enhancements in the inner magnetosphere during the storm main phase. For this purpose we use energetic ion measurements from the Magnetospheric Ion Composition Spectrometer (MICS) on board the Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES), and the newly produced high-resolution (5-min) Dst index for the intense storm of June 5, 1991. Substorm signatures from both MICS measurements and ground magnetometers correlate well with changes in the Dst decrease rate. This implies a significant influence of substorm occurrence on storm dynamics. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Observ Athens, Inst Ionospher & Space Res, Penteli 15236, Greece. Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Toyokawa 442, Japan. Max Planck Inst Aeron, D-37191 Katlenburg Lindau, Germany. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Democritus Univ Thrace, Xanthi 37100, Greece. RP Daglis, IA (reprint author), Natl Observ Athens, Inst Ionospher & Space Res, Penteli 15236, Greece. RI Daglis, Ioannis/L-6100-2013; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Daglis, Ioannis/0000-0002-0764-3442; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2369 EP 2372 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00525-6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP75X UT WOS:000086075900014 ER PT S AU Henderson, MG Reeves, GD Jorgensen, AM Spence, HE Frank, LA Sigwarth, JB Fennell, JF Roeder, JL Blake, JB Yumoto, K Bourdarie, S AF Henderson, MG Reeves, GD Jorgensen, AM Spence, HE Frank, LA Sigwarth, JB Fennell, JF Roeder, JL Blake, JB Yumoto, K Bourdarie, S BE Kamide, Y Lui, ATY TI Polar CEPPAD/IPS energetic neutral atom (ENA) images of a substorm injection SO INNER MAGNETOSPHERE DYNAMICS SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT D0 4 Symposium of the COSPAR Scientific Commission D Which was Held at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 15-17, 1998 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Amer Geophys Union, Int Union Geodesy & Geophys, Int Assoc Geomagnetism & Aeron, Comm Space Res ID RING CURRENT; STORM AB The CEPPAD Imaging Proton Spectrometer on the POLAR spacecraft has proven to perform very well as an Energetic Neutral (ENA) atom imager, despite the fact that it was designed primarily for measuring energetic ions in-situ. ENAs emitted from the ring current can be detected during storm- as well as quiet-time conditions and can be monitored continuously for many hours at a time when Polar is situated in the polar cap. In addition, we are able to routinely detect 'bursts' of ENA emissions in response to substorm-associated ion injections. In this paper, we present ENA images of a single such event together with global auroral imager data from the POLAR VIS instrument, LANL geosynchronous energetic particle data, and ground magnetic Pi2 data in order to establish that such bursts are indeed caused by substorm injections. (C) 2000 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys Res, Boston, MA USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Aerospace Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 812, Japan. ONERA, Ctr Etud & Rech Toulouse, Toulouse, France. RP Henderson, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011; OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029; Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 2000 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2407 EP 2416 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00530-X PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BP75X UT WOS:000086075900019 ER PT S AU Kozlowski, MR Demos, SG AF Kozlowski, MR Demos, SG BE Marker, AJ Arthurs, EG TI Properties of modified silica detected within laser-induced damage sites SO INORGANIC OPTICAL MATERIALS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Inorganic Optical Materials II CY AUG 01-03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE laser damage; silica; defects; optical spectroscopy ID VISIBLE PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; AMORPHOUS SIO2; GAMMA AB Following initiation at absorbing surface flaws, laser-induced damage (lambda =0.35 mum) on polished fused-silica surfaces continues to grow with subsequent laser pulses. The growth process is believed to be associated with a plasma-induced transformation of the silica to a highly absorbing state. A number of optical spectroscopy techniques have been used to characterize the nature of the laser-modified silica. Increases in the concentration of defect states is suggested by the spectral characteristics of the emission. Photoluminescence spectroscopy detects three characteristic emission peaks within damage sites when illuminated at 355 nm. Two of the peaks are likely due to the well-known non-bridging oxygen hole centers (NBOHC; broken Si-O bonds) and oxygen deficiency centers (ODC). The third, and domimant, peak at 565 nm has not been clearly identified, but may be associated with small clusters of Si atoms. Raman spectroscopy suggests densification which is associated with decreases in characteristic ring sizes within the amorphous silica structure. A 3-D model for the nature of laser-damage sites in silica is being developed. This model will provide the basis for the development of strategies to slow or stop the rate of damage growth. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Demos, SG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3747-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4102 BP 106 EP 111 DI 10.1117/12.405274 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BR61Y UT WOS:000166962200012 ER PT S AU Hawley-Fedder, R Robey, H Biesiada, T DeHaven, M Floyd, R Burnham, A AF Hawley-Fedder, R Robey, H Biesiada, T DeHaven, M Floyd, R Burnham, A BE Marker, AJ Arthurs, EG TI Rapid growth of very large KDP and KD*P crystals in support of the National Ignition Facility SO INORGANIC OPTICAL MATERIALS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Inorganic Optical Materials II CY AUG 01-03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE KDP; KD*P; rapid growth; large crystals; NIF; inclusions; aspect ratio; large crystals AB The National Ignition Facility will require hundreds of very large single crystals (boules) of KDP and KD*P for the amplifier and frequency conversion optics. Rapid growth now routinely produces 250-300 kg boules of KDP. Technical hurdles overcome during the past year include inclusion formation and spurious nucleation. Areas of continued interest are control of asymmetry and aspect ratio. Variations in KDP concentration on the mum scale at the growing crystal steps can cause inclusions of growth solution. Microscopic investigations, hydrodynamic modeling, and theoretical modeling have been combined to provide a good mechanistic understanding of the formation of inclusions. Modifications to rotation regimes to improve hydrodynamics can eliminate or minimize the effects of these instability mechanisms, and can increase the inclusion-free growth rate by 20-40% over previously observed growth rates. Aspect ratio and boule asymmetry remains of great interest. Small changes in asymmetry can result in significant increases in maximum yields for boules of the same mass. Reasons for the observed changes in aspect ratio during growth will be presented, along with methods to control or influence aspect ratio and boule asymmetry. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hawley-Fedder, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3747-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4102 BP 152 EP 161 DI 10.1117/12.405280 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BR61Y UT WOS:000166962200017 ER PT S AU Thorsness, CB Suratwala, TI Steele, RA Campbell, JH Hayden, JS Pucilowski, SA Suzuki, K AF Thorsness, CB Suratwala, TI Steele, RA Campbell, JH Hayden, JS Pucilowski, SA Suzuki, K BE Marker, AJ Arthurs, EG TI Dehydroxylation of phosphate laser glass SO INORGANIC OPTICAL MATERIALS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Inorganic Optical Materials II CY AUG 01-03, 2000 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE dehydroxylation; dehydration; phosphate laser glass; O-2/Cl-2 bubbling; glass melting; reverse Deacon reaction; bubble column ID AMPLIFIERS AB Rates of dehydroxylation of two Nd-doped metaphosphate laser glasses (LG-770 and LHG-8) are measured and modeled. Glass melts ranging in size from 100 g to 2.8 kg were bubbled with O-2 containing various H2O partial pressures (P-H2O) and with O-2/Cl-2 mixtures at temperatures ranging from 925-1300 degreesC. The OH content in the glass was measured by monitoring the OH absorption at 3.333 mum at various bubbling times. The OH removal by inert gas bubbling (e.g. O-2 bubbling) is governed by the transport (diffusion) of OH to the glass liquid/vapor interface and by the chemical equilibrium between OH at the surface and H2O in the gas phase. The equilibrium OH content in glass melts bubbled with O-2 containing different P-H2O varies as P-H2O(1/2) Reactive gas dehydroxylation (using Cl-2 bubbling) is enhanced by the reverse Deacon reaction where Clp gas reacts with H2O in the gas phase to form HCl. A time-dependent, one-dimensional bubble-column dehydroxylation model is developed and used to describe the rates of dehydroxylation for glasses. The model uses measured or literature values for the diffusion coefficient of OH in the melt (D-lOH), the H2O/OH equilibrium constant (K-w), and the equilibrium constant for the reverse Deacon reaction (K-d). The model does a good job simulating/predicting dehydroxylation rates of small-scale test melts and production-scale continuous melting operations. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Suratwala, TI (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-500, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Suratwala, Tayyab/A-9952-2013 OI Suratwala, Tayyab/0000-0001-9086-1039 NR 25 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3747-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4102 BP 175 EP 194 DI 10.1117/12.405283 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BR61Y UT WOS:000166962200020 ER PT J AU Bakac, A Wang, WD AF Bakac, A Wang, WD TI Generation of a macrocyclic Cr(V) complex and its reactivity toward organic and inorganic reductants and DNA SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE oxidation; DNA; chromium complexes; macrocycle complexes; hydroperoxide complexes ID RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; METAL-COMPLEXES; INTERMEDIATE-X; DIAMOND CORE; OXYGEN; MODELS; ACTIVATION; MECHANISM; ENZYMES AB The complex (LCr)-Cr-1(H2O)(2)(2+) (L-1 = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) reacts with molecular oxygen to yield an end-on superoxo complex, L-1(H2O)CrOO2+, with a rate constant k(on) = (1.80 +/- 0.06) x 10(8) M-1 s(-1) in acidic aqueous solutions. The reduction of L-1(H2O)CrOO2+ with one-electron reductants generates a transient species, believed to be (LCrOOH2+)-Cr-1 which undergoes a first-order transformation to an oxochromium(V) complex, (LCrO3+)-Cr-1, k = 0.19 s(-1) in 0.02 M HClO4. The ion (LCrO3+)-Cr-1 reacts rapidly with a number of inorganic and organic reductants, H2O2, and DNA. The extent and nature of the DNA damage depend on the reductant used to generate (LCrO3+)-Cr-1, suggesting that different reductants have different scavenging abilities toward the intermediates responsible for DNA damage. In the absence of oxidizable substrates, (LCrO3+)-Cr-1 decays in a first-order process, k = 0.39 +/- 0.05 s-(1). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bakac, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JAN PY 2000 VL 297 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 35 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(99)00255-8 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 277TN UT WOS:000084949800006 ER PT J AU Fujita, E Szalda, DJ AF Fujita, E Szalda, DJ TI Crystallization and structure of a binuclear species containing the Co-C(OH)-O-Co moiety SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE crystal structures; cobalt complexes; hydroxycarbonyl complexes; macrocycle complexes ID CARBON-DIOXIDE ACTIVATION; COBALT MACROCYCLES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; COMPLEXES; CO2; REDUCTION; BINDING; METALLOCARBOXYLATES; HYDROXYCARBONYL; REACTIVITY AB A binuclear species containing the Co-C(OH)-O-Co moiety, [(CoL)(2)(CooH)](ClO4)(3)(NCCH3)(2) (L = 5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,11-diene) was isolated from a CO2 saturated acetonitrile/diethyl ether solution of [CoL(CO2)](ClO4) and its structure was determined. The complex consists of two [CoL](+) units connected by a bridging COOH+ in which the carbon is coordinated to one CoL+ and the non-protonated oxygen to the other CoL+ unit. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Szalda, DJ (reprint author), CUNY Bernard M Baruch Coll, Dept Nat Sci, 17 Lexington Ave, New York, NY 10010 USA. RI Fujita, Etsuko/D-8814-2013 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JAN PY 2000 VL 297 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(99)00294-7 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 277TN UT WOS:000084949800019 ER PT J AU DeBeer, S Wittung-Stafshede, P Leckner, J Karlsson, G Winkler, JR Gray, HB Malmstrom, BG Solomon, EI Hedman, B Hodgson, KO AF DeBeer, S Wittung-Stafshede, P Leckner, J Karlsson, G Winkler, JR Gray, HB Malmstrom, BG Solomon, EI Hedman, B Hodgson, KO TI X-ray absorption spectroscopy of folded and unfolded copper(I) azurin SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE azurin; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; protein folding; constrained coordination ID BLUE COPPER; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; REDUCTION POTENTIALS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; FINE-STRUCTURE; COORDINATION; GEOMETRY; ENERGY; RATES; STATE AB The structure of the copper site in folded and unfolded copper(I) azurin has been investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Analysis of the Cu K-edge spectra demonstrates that Cu(I) occupies a trigonal coordination site in the unfolded protein; and EXAFS data indicate a structure with 1.5-2 Cu-S(Cl) and 1.5-1 Cu-N(O) bonds. It is likely that the cysteine S and one of the two histidine N atoms remain coordinated in the unfolded structure, and that the third ligand is S(Met) or Cl-. The lengths of both the Cu-S(Cys) and Cu-N(His) bonds increase by similar to 0.1 Angstrom on unfolding, in accord with the view that copper coordination is constrained by the protein. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. CALTECH, Beckman Inst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem Biochem & Biophys, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hodgson, KO (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI DeBeer, Serena/G-6718-2012; Karlsson, Goran/E-8686-2011; OI wittung-stafshede, pernilla/0000-0003-1058-1964 NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JAN PY 2000 VL 297 IS 1-2 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(99)00315-1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 277TN UT WOS:000084949800034 ER PT S AU Quigg, C AF Quigg, C BE Kartal, S TI Perspectives in high-energy physics SO INSTRUMENTATION IN ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 ICFA School VIII on Instrumentation in Elementary Particle Physics CY JUN 28-JUL 10, 1999 CL UNIV ISTANBUL, ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP ICFA, Panel Instrumentat Innovat & Future Dev HO UNIV ISTANBUL ID EXTRA DIMENSIONS; QUANTUM-GRAVITY; NEUTRINO BEAMS; HIERARCHY; TEV; OSCILLATION; MILLIMETER; COLLIDERS; MASS AB I sketch some pressing questions in several active areas of particle physics and outline the challenges they present for the design and operation of detectors. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Quigg, C (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 56 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-960-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 536 BP 165 EP 191 PG 27 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BQ94S UT WOS:000165072700006 ER PT S AU Atac, M AF Atac, M BE Kartal, S TI Advanced photodetectors for High Energy Physics Particle astrophysics and medical imaging SO INSTRUMENTATION IN ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 ICFA School VIII on Instrumentation in Elementary Particle Physics CY JUN 28-JUL 10, 1999 CL UNIV ISTANBUL, ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP ICFA, Panel Instrumentat Innovat & Future Dev HO UNIV ISTANBUL ID LIGHT PHOTON COUNTERS; SCINTILLATING FIBERS; TRACKING AB This article is a survey of advanced major photodetectors for High Energy Particle Physics, Particle Astrophysics and Medical Imaging. It is intended to give a broad background to ICFA level students. Description, operation and some applications of such photodetectors will be described. C1 Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Atac, M (reprint author), Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-960-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 536 BP 227 EP 239 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BQ94S UT WOS:000165072700008 ER PT S AU Atac, M AF Atac, M BE Kartal, S TI Visible light photon counters for high rate tracking medical imaging and particle astrophysics SO INSTRUMENTATION IN ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 ICFA School VIII on Instrumentation in Elementary Particle Physics CY JUN 28-JUL 10, 1999 CL UNIV ISTANBUL, ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP ICFA, Panel Instrumentat Innovat & Future Dev HO UNIV ISTANBUL AB This paper is about the applications of the Visible Light Photon Counters (VLPCs) to High Energy Particle Physics Experiments using scintillating fibers, Particle Astrophysics, and Medical Imaging. The VLPC is a derivative of the Solid State Photomultiplier (SSPM) that can detect single photons at a high avalanche gain with very high quantum efficiency with excellent time resolution. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Atac, M (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-960-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 536 BP 240 EP 252 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BQ94S UT WOS:000165072700009 ER PT S AU Anderson, J Atac, M Cihangir, S Erduran, N Kartal, S Erturk, S AF Anderson, J Atac, M Cihangir, S Erduran, N Kartal, S Erturk, S BE Kartal, S TI Lifetime of cosmic ray muons SO INSTRUMENTATION IN ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 ICFA School VIII on Instrumentation in Elementary Particle Physics CY JUN 28-JUL 10, 1999 CL UNIV ISTANBUL, ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP ICFA, Panel Instrumentat Innovat & Future Dev HO UNIV ISTANBUL C1 Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL USA. RP Anderson, J (reprint author), Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-960-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 536 BP 291 EP 293 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BQ94S UT WOS:000165072700012 ER PT S AU Atac, M Cihangir, S Erduran, N Kartal, S Erturk, S AF Atac, M Cihangir, S Erduran, N Kartal, S Erturk, S BE Kartal, S TI Measurement of attenuation length of photons and determination of photon yields in plastic scintillators SO INSTRUMENTATION IN ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 ICFA School VIII on Instrumentation in Elementary Particle Physics CY JUN 28-JUL 10, 1999 CL UNIV ISTANBUL, ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP ICFA, Panel Instrumentat Innovat & Future Dev HO UNIV ISTANBUL C1 Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL USA. RP Atac, M (reprint author), Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-960-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 536 BP 294 EP 300 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BQ94S UT WOS:000165072700013 ER PT S AU Johnson, M Sheaff, M AF Johnson, M Sheaff, M BE Kartal, S TI Use of de-randomizing buffers in a data acquisition system SO INSTRUMENTATION IN ELEMENTARY PARTICLE PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1999 ICFA School VIII on Instrumentation in Elementary Particle Physics CY JUN 28-JUL 10, 1999 CL UNIV ISTANBUL, ISTANBUL, TURKEY SP ICFA, Panel Instrumentat Innovat & Future Dev HO UNIV ISTANBUL AB This is the course manual for a laboratory course that was designed to demonstrate a basic technique employed in data acquisition systems for the purpose of reducing deadtime and thereby increasing throughput. A custom CAMAC module was designed and built at Fermilab for use in these measurements. The use of queueing theory to predict the performance of the system is discussed, including some equations which can be used for that purpose. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Johnson, M (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-960-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 536 BP 329 EP 339 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BQ94S UT WOS:000165072700016 ER PT B AU Abelquist, EW Bauer, TJ AF Abelquist, EW Bauer, TJ GP MEDICAL PHYSIC MEDICAL PHYSIC TI Software application for the Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM) SO INSTRUMENTATION, MEASUREMENTS, AND ELECTRONIC DOSIMETRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Midyear Topical Meeting on Instrumentation, Measurements, and Electronic Dosimetry CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 2000 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Hlth Phys Soc AB The Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM) is a consensus document prepared by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Department of Energy, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and Department of Defense to provide consistent methods for conducting radiation surveys and investigations at potentially contaminated sites. It is targeted toward the final status survey-which demonstrates that release criteria for the cleanup of radiologically contaminated land and structures have been satisfied. The Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education has developed a software application, which runs on Microsoft (R) Access, as a means of enhancing the MARSSIM learning experience and supplementing the MARSSIM training course. The software application provides computerization of the MARSSIM survey and investigation process, including functions for survey design with multiple contaminants using the unity rule, surrogate approach, and gross derived concentration guideline levels; selection of an appropriate number of measurements and samples needed by the nonparametric statistical tests and the elevated measurement comparison test, including a database for the selection of survey instrumentation and use of prospective power curves to demonstrate the attributes of each MARSSIM survey unit design; and, determination of whether the residual radioactivity levels meet the release criteria, using a statistically based decision rule. The data quality assessment process is used to interpret the survey data and make decisions using statistical hypothesis testing. The software is in the process of being rewritten in Visual Basic as a stand-alone Windows (R) application, therefore, Microsoft (R) Access will not be required. Tt is expected that the new software will be available in early 2000 as freeware. Benefits of the software include performing multiple analyses quickly, with reduced calculation error, efficiently developing and implementing an effective survey design, and providing consistency of information-for example, information is delivered in the same way to everyone, which will greatly facilitate the regulator's reviews of final status survey documentation. C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Abelquist, EW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, POB 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-93-6 PY 2000 BP 47 EP 51 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Medicine, General & Internal SC Instruments & Instrumentation; General & Internal Medicine GA BP77B UT WOS:000086116300007 ER PT B AU Wright, KC Webber, FL Hiaring, CM AF Wright, KC Webber, FL Hiaring, CM GP MEDICAL PHYSIC MEDICAL PHYSIC TI Site characterization using the Global Positioning Radiometric Scanner system SO INSTRUMENTATION, MEASUREMENTS, AND ELECTRONIC DOSIMETRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Midyear Topical Meeting on Instrumentation, Measurements, and Electronic Dosimetry CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 2000 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Hlth Phys Soc AB At the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory's Auxiliary Reactor Area, an investigation was conducted to determine the distribution and concentration of Cs-137 in soil. Cs-137 was selected as the indicator radionuclide in this area because it is known to be widespread and readily detected by field screening instruments. The area was surveyed using two different types of in situ detectors: a Global Positioning Radiometric Scanner (GPRS) and a portable Germanium spectrometer (Ce-spectrometer). The GPRS is mounted on a four-wheel drive vehicle and uses two plastic scintillation detectors mounted l-m aboveground, allowing a view of approximately 7-m diameter. The radiological data and geographical coordinates are recorded on an onboard computer. The GPRS collects real-time data and updates the file every two seconds, allowing numerous data points to be recorded in a short timeframe. The Ge-spectrometer measurements were collected in areas inaccessible to the GPRS and at a selected set of calibration points. Calibrations were developed by the INEEL Radiation Physics Products organization and utilized for both systems. A mathematical relationship (conversion factor) was established for Cs-137, and then the data were presented to the appropriate regulators for use in a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study to determine the extent of cleanup effort required. The data collection methods have enhanced the capability to produce maps, which provide a better definition of the areas considered for remediation. In addition, the in situ method significantly reduced the number of analytical samples required and more clearly defined the aerial extent of radionuclide contamination. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Wright, KC (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-93-6 PY 2000 BP 59 EP 66 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Medicine, General & Internal SC Instruments & Instrumentation; General & Internal Medicine GA BP77B UT WOS:000086116300009 ER PT B AU Egidi, PV Jensen, MK Jones, AR Wilson-Nichols, MJ Smith, SM Pierce, GA Zutman, JL AF Egidi, PV Jensen, MK Jones, AR Wilson-Nichols, MJ Smith, SM Pierce, GA Zutman, JL GP MEDICAL PHYSIC MEDICAL PHYSIC TI Use of global positioning systems for accelerated independent verification of cleanup at a Superfund site SO INSTRUMENTATION, MEASUREMENTS, AND ELECTRONIC DOSIMETRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Midyear Topical Meeting on Instrumentation, Measurements, and Electronic Dosimetry CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 2000 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Hlth Phys Soc AB The Monticello Mill Tailings Site Remedial Action Project (Operable Unit 1) underwent remediation from 1997 to 1999 under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. Peripheral properties (those adjacent to or affected by the millsite) also were remediated during the same time frame as Operable Unit II. The U.S. DOE designated Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Technology Section, located in Grand Junction, Colorado as the independent verification (IV) contractor for the mill site and peripheral properties. Uranium mill tailings, ore, and other process-related materials were remediated from the 31.6 hectare (ha) site, and from the 121.5 ha peripheral properties. Cleanup criteria were established for Ra-226, Th-230 and U-Tot for surface and subsurface deposits. Complicating the verification process was the adoption of supplemental standards for some peripheral properties, and different survey protocols for the millsite and the peripherals, such that a variety of cleanup standards and methodologies for various nuclides were applicable. Cleanup at this site was conducted on an expedited schedule, with limited time for field verification activities, requiring innovative approaches were needed to meet the schedule. Gamma radiation scans were conducted using differential global positioning system (GPS) technology to collect spatial and radiological data. Results were then used to validate the effectiveness of the cleanup by sorting the data for areas that exceeded the mode by 30%, and contouring and plotting the data. Areas exceeding the mode were then checked for residual activity. Maps and tables were prepared from the data collected using the GPS facilitating the report writing process. Experience gained from this project has resulted in a cost-effective methodology for monitoring and documenting cleanups at these and other sites. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Technol Sect, Grand Junction, CO USA. RP Egidi, PV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Environm Technol Sect, Grand Junction, CO USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-93-6 PY 2000 BP 79 EP 88 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Medicine, General & Internal SC Instruments & Instrumentation; General & Internal Medicine GA BP77B UT WOS:000086116300012 ER PT B AU Kraig, DH Treadaway, WA AF Kraig, DH Treadaway, WA GP MEDICAL PHYSIC MEDICAL PHYSIC TI Field comparison of electret ion chambers and thermoluminescent dosimeters at Los Alamos National Laboratory SO INSTRUMENTATION, MEASUREMENTS, AND ELECTRONIC DOSIMETRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Midyear Topical Meeting on Instrumentation, Measurements, and Electronic Dosimetry CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 2000 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Hlth Phys Soc AB Recent advances and commercialization of electret ion chamber (EIC) technology for photon measurements prompted us to consider EICs as a replacement for our thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) system. After laboratory tests indicated that both systems gave adequate results for controlled exposures, we carried out field tests with paired TLDs and EICs in Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) technical areas and in public areas throughout 1998. At each sampling site, we deployed three TLDs and three EICs. The EICs were contained in airtight jars, each of which was placed in a Tyvek envelope and hung about 1 m above the ground. The dosimeters were read and, if necessary, replaced every three months. For the first two quarters, the TLD results were statistically significantly higher than those of the EICs. Average exposures for TLDs at locations outside of LANL technical areas were 38 and 36 compared to EIC exposures of 33 mR for quarters 1 and 2, respectively. During quarter 3, the off-site EIC average (40 mR) was higher than the TLD average (34 mR). And, during quarter 4, the two systems were statistically the same; EIC = 42, TLD = 41 with a P-Value of 0.61. We are still evaluating these differences and performing additional laboratory studies to determine causes. We also had monitors at our waste disposal area. The TLDs at some of these locations were much higher than their co-located EIC. The TLDs were over-responding by similar to 50% to the low-energy (60 keV) gamma associated with Am-241 whereas the EICs were responding accurately. We conclude that EICs are more accurate at a wide range of gamma energies but that there are some difficulties with using them in the field, primarily keeping them clean and sealed from radon. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Air Qual Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kraig, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Air Qual Grp, POB 1663,Mail Stop J978, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-93-6 PY 2000 BP 107 EP 115 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Medicine, General & Internal SC Instruments & Instrumentation; General & Internal Medicine GA BP77B UT WOS:000086116300016 ER PT B AU Murdoch, BT Blomquist, JA Cooke, RH Davis, JT Davis, TM Dolecek, EH Halka-Peel, L Johnson, D Keto, DN Reyes, LR Schlenker, RA Woodring, JL AF Murdoch, BT Blomquist, JA Cooke, RH Davis, JT Davis, TM Dolecek, EH Halka-Peel, L Johnson, D Keto, DN Reyes, LR Schlenker, RA Woodring, JL GP MEDICAL PHYSIC MEDICAL PHYSIC TI Database system for management of health physics and industrial hygiene records SO INSTRUMENTATION, MEASUREMENTS, AND ELECTRONIC DOSIMETRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Midyear Topical Meeting on Instrumentation, Measurements, and Electronic Dosimetry CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 2000 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Hlth Phys Soc C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Murdoch, BT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-93-6 PY 2000 BP 189 EP 194 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Medicine, General & Internal SC Instruments & Instrumentation; General & Internal Medicine GA BP77B UT WOS:000086116300027 ER PT B AU Piper, RK Murphy, MK Tanner, JE Thompson, AK Schwartz, RB AF Piper, RK Murphy, MK Tanner, JE Thompson, AK Schwartz, RB GP MEDICAL PHYSIC MEDICAL PHYSIC TI A summary and status of traceability to national standards for Cf-252 used at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory SO INSTRUMENTATION, MEASUREMENTS, AND ELECTRONIC DOSIMETRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Midyear Topical Meeting on Instrumentation, Measurements, and Electronic Dosimetry CY JAN 30-FEB 02, 2000 CL VIRGINIA BEACH, VA SP Hlth Phys Soc C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Piper, RK (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-93-6 PY 2000 BP 215 EP 221 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Medicine, General & Internal SC Instruments & Instrumentation; General & Internal Medicine GA BP77B UT WOS:000086116300031 ER PT J AU Vasil'chenko, VG Zhmurova, ZI Krivandina, EA Sobolev, BP Derenzo, SE Moses, WW West, AC AF Vasil'chenko, VG Zhmurova, ZI Krivandina, EA Sobolev, BP Derenzo, SE Moses, WW West, AC TI New optical multicomponent single-crystal materials based on heavy metal fluorides SO INSTRUMENTS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID M = CA; LANTHANIDE TRIFLUORIDES; SCINTILLATORS; POLYMORPHISM; PROSPECTS; FUSION; SR; BA AB Results of studies of scintillation characteristics of new heavy multicomponent single-crystal materials intended to be used in particle detectors are presented. C1 Russian State Res Ctr, Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142284, Moscow Oblast, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, AV Shubnikov Crystallog Inst, Moscow 117333, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Vasil'chenko, VG (reprint author), Russian State Res Ctr, Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142284, Moscow Oblast, Russia. EM vasilchenko@mx.ihep.su; boris@sobolev.msk.su NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0020-4412 EI 1608-3180 J9 INSTRUM EXP TECH+ JI Instrum. Exp. Tech. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 43 IS 1 BP 46 EP 52 DI 10.1007/BF02758997 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 294KX UT WOS:000085911400010 ER PT J AU Auciello, O Krauss, AR Im, J Dhote, A Gruen, DM Irene, EA Gao, Y Mueller, AH Ramesh, R AF Auciello, O Krauss, AR Im, J Dhote, A Gruen, DM Irene, EA Gao, Y Mueller, AH Ramesh, R TI Studies of ferroelectric heterostructure thin films and interfaces, via in situ analytical techniques SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ferroelectrics Workshop (FWPR 99) CY MAY 12-14, 1999 CL GUANTICA, PR DE in situ characterization; ferroelectric films; ion scattering; recoil spectroscopy; spectroscopic ellipsometry; SFM piezoresponse; X-ray scattering ID ION-BEAM ANALYSIS; TIME-OF-FLIGHT; DIRECT RECOIL SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU; GROWTH-PROCESSES; REAL-TIME; SCATTERING; SURFACES; DEPOSITION; SBT AB The science and technology of ferroelectric thin films has experienced an explosive development during the last ten years. Low-density non-volatile ferroelectric random access memories (NVFRAMs) are now incorporated in commercial products such as "smart cards", while high permittivity capacitors are incorporated in cellular phones. However, substantial work is still needed to develop materials integration strategies for high-density memories. We have demonstrated that the implementation of complementary in situ characterization techniques is critical to understand film growth and interface processes, which play critical roles in film microstructures and properties. We are using uniquely integrated time of flight ion scattering and recoil spectroscopy (TOF-ISARS) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) techniques to perform in situ, real-time studies of film growth processes in the high background gas pressure required to growth ferroelectric thin films. TOF-ISARS provides information on surface processes, while SE permits the investigation of buried interfaces as they are being formed. Recent studies on SrBi(2)Ta(2)O(9) (SBT) and Ba(x)Sr(1-x)TiO(3) (BST) film growth and interface processes are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Auciello, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 12 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 342MH UT WOS:000088648000002 ER PT J AU Beach, DB Morrell, JS Xue, ZLB Specht, ED AF Beach, DB Morrell, JS Xue, ZLB Specht, ED TI Solution synthesis of epitaxial films of bismuth containing ferroelectric materials SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ferroelectrics Workshop (FWPR 99) CY MAY 12-14, 1999 CL GUANTICA, PUERTO RICO DE epitaxy; solution synthesis; bismuth layered compounds ID SRBI2TA2O9 THIN-FILMS; GROWTH AB Methoxyethoxide complexes in 2-methoxyethanol were used to produce epitaxial thin films of SrBi2Nb2O9, SrBi2Ta2O9, BaBi2Nb2O9, and BaBi2Ta2O9 on [100] oriented single-crystals of SrTiO3 and LaAlO3. Films were prepared by spin coating substrates with alkoxide solutions and firing in air at 850 degrees C for 20 minutes, With the exception of BaBi2Ta2O9 on LaAlO3, all of the films were the desired c-axis oriented Aurivillius phase. Out-of-plane orientation was confirmed by theta;20 scans which showed only [002l] reflections, and in-plane orientation was determined by phi-scans about the [105] plane, Lattice constants and full-width at half-maximum (fwhm) values for both in-plane and out-of-plane reflections are reported. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Beach, DB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1080/10584580008222218 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 342MH UT WOS:000088648000004 ER PT J AU Jiang, H Hu, W Liang, S Fouflyguine, V Zhao, J Jia, QX Groves, JR Arendt, P Miranda, F Drehman, A Wang, S Yip, P AF Jiang, H Hu, W Liang, S Fouflyguine, V Zhao, J Jia, QX Groves, JR Arendt, P Miranda, F Drehman, A Wang, S Yip, P TI High quality BaxSr1-xTiO3 films grown by MOCLD and novel ferroelectric/ferrite structures for dual-tuning microwave devices SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ferroelectrics Workshop (FWPR 99) CY MAY 12-14, 1999 CL GUANTICA, PUERTO RICO DE ferroelectric; ferrite; dual-tuning; microwave; buffer layer ID THIN-FILMS AB Excellent single crystal BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) films were grown on LaAlO3 substrates using the metal-organic chemical liquid deposition (MOCLD) method. Very low losses (tan delta similar to 0.002-0.008) were measured from these films at 400 KHz. Biaxially oriented BST films were successfully grown on polycrystalline YIG substrates using both MOCLD and pulsed laser deposition methods with biaxially oriented MgO and YSZ buffer layers. The dielectric losses of the films range from 0.005 to 0.015 while 25% of dielectric constant change was observed with 40V bias voltage up to 10 MHz. Both the dissipation and dielectric constant of the films remained nearly constants over a wide temperature range (77 K to 380 K). A dual-tuning microwave coplanar phase shifter using a BST film grown on a MgO buffered polycrystalline YIG substrate was fabricated. A significant phase shift was observed in GHz frequency range when an electric bias or a magnetic field was applied to the device. C1 NZ Appl Technol, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NASA, Lewis Res Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. RP Jiang, H (reprint author), NZ Appl Technol, 14A Gill St, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 79 DI 10.1080/10584580008222221 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 342MH UT WOS:000088648000007 ER PT J AU Chang, H Xiang, XD AF Chang, H Xiang, XD TI Improvements in the figure of merit for tunable microwave dielectrics using combinatorial approach SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ferroelectrics Workshop (FWPR 99) CY MAY 12-14, 1999 CL GUANTICA, PUERTO RICO DE combinatorial approach; ferroelectrics; tungsten doping; tunability and figure of merit ID THIN-FILMS; LIBRARIES AB Ferroelectric/dielectric materials are useful for a variety of different applications. Addition of small amounts of different dopants often dramatically improves the materials performance. The conventional approach to exploring new materials is to make and characterize samples of discrete composition one at a time. In an effort to accelerate this process, we fabricate a combinatorial materials chips containing 256 differently doped (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films. From this study, we found that tungsten doping in this class of materials greatly reduces the dielectric loss and does not significantly affect the tunability of these materials. As the result, the overall figures of merit of the materials are greatly improved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chang, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 2-300,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Xiang, Xiaodong/A-9445-2012; Xiang, Xiaodong/A-5936-2017 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 125 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 342MH UT WOS:000088648000011 ER PT J AU Findikoglu, AT Jia, QX Reagor, DW Kwon, C Rasmussen, KO AF Findikoglu, AT Jia, QX Reagor, DW Kwon, C Rasmussen, KO TI Electrodynamic properties of single-crystal and thin-film strontium titanate SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ferroelectrics Workshop (FWPR 99) CY MAY 12-14, 1999 CL GUANTICA, PUERTO RICO DE nonlinear dielectric; strontium titanate; high-temperature superconductor; loss tangent; refractive index; large-signal regime AB We present a comparative study of broadband electrodynamic properties of coplanar waveguidcs made from nonlinear dielectric single-crystal and thin-him SrTiO3 (STO) with high-temperature superconducting thin-film YBa2Cu3O7-delta electrodes. The waveguides that use single-crystal STO exhibit a monotonic increase in refractive index, dielectric nonlinearity, and dissipation with decreasing temperature (from 80 K to 20 K), whereas those based on thin-film STO show similar but weaker effects with increasing temperature. Under de bias, both types of waveguides show reduced refractive index, but dissipation increases in the case of single-crystal STO, while it decreases in the case of STO thin-films. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Findikoglu, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Kwon, Chuhee/A-8687-2008; Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009; Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723; NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 193 EP 200 DI 10.1080/10584580008222231 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 342MH UT WOS:000088648000017 ER PT J AU Rivkin, TV Carlson, CM Parilla, PA Ginley, DS AF Rivkin, TV Carlson, CM Parilla, PA Ginley, DS TI Performance of ferroelectric based tunable capacitors as a function of electrode geometry SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11TH International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 07-10, 1999 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE BST; microwave; electrodes; strain; transition temperature ID FILMS AB High quality Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3 and SrTiO3 films were grown by Pulsed Laser Deposition on single crystal LaAlO3 and MgO substrates. Temperature dependencies of the dielectric constant and loss tangent of the films were studied using planar interdigitated test capacitors with various electrode geometries. The temperature where the maximum or "peak" capacitance occurs (T-p and referred to as the "peak temperature"), is found to depend on the electrode geometry in these films. As much as 40 K difference in T-p was observed between the STO test capacitors with 5 mum and 40 mum gaps between electrodes. Interface built-in electric field and metal-ferroelectric thermal mismatch strain are considered as possible explanation of the effect of electrode geometry on peak temperature of the capacitors. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Rivkin, TV (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 215 EP 223 DI 10.1080/10584580008222240 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 408UK UT WOS:000167345900004 ER PT J AU Chen, CL Zhang, Z Feng, H Luo, GP Chen, SY Heilman, A Chu, WK Chu, CW Gao, J Rafferty, B Pennycook, SJ Liou, Y Miranda, FA Van Keuls, F AF Chen, CL Zhang, Z Feng, H Luo, GP Chen, SY Heilman, A Chu, WK Chu, CW Gao, J Rafferty, B Pennycook, SJ Liou, Y Miranda, FA Van Keuls, F TI Epitaxial behavior and interface structures of BSTO thin films SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Ferroelectrics Workshop (FWPR 99) CY MAY 12-14, 1999 CL GUANTICA, PUERTO RICO DE ferroelectric films; (B1-xSrx)TiO3; pulsed laser ablation; interface structures; LaAlO3 substrates ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; DEPOSITION; CAPACITORS AB Ferroelectric Ba(1-x)SrxTiO3 (x = 0.5 and 0.25) thin films were grown on (001) LaAlO3 by using pulsed laser ablation. Extensive x-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction reveal that the as-grown films were (001) oriented with a good in-plane relationship of < 100 >(BSTO) // < 100 >(LAO). Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy ion-channeling studies suggested that the films had excellent epitaxial quality and crystallinity with an ion beam minimum yield chi(min) of only 2.6%. Atomically sharp interfaces were seen by cross-sectional high-resolution electron microscopy, indicated that the density of misfit dislocations was consistent with the lattice mismatch from the theoretical calculation. C1 Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Glenn Res Ctr, Commun Technol Div, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. RP Chen, CL (reprint author), Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 1-2 BP 237 EP 246 DI 10.1080/10584580008222235 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 342MH UT WOS:000088648000021 ER PT S AU Elhadef, M El Ayeb, B Rao, NSV AF Elhadef, M El Ayeb, B Rao, NSV BE Loganantharaj, R Palm, G TI Operative diagnosis algorithms for single-fault in graph-based systems SO INTELLIGENT PROBLEM SOLVING: METHODOLOGIES AND APPROACHES, PRODEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems (IEA/AIE 2000) CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Int Soc Appl Intelligence, SW Texas State Univ, Univ Louisiana Lafayette, ACM SIGART, Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence, Canadian Soc Computat Studies Intelligence, IEE, Int Neural Network Soc, Japanese Soc Artificial Intelligence AB A number of real-life systems can be modeled, to a certain level of abstraction, as directed graphs for the purpose of fault diagnosis. In these graphs, system components are represented as nodes and the fault propagation between any two nodes is represented by an edge between them. Alarms are attached to some components to detect faults. The fault diagnosis problem deals with computing the set of all potential faulty components, P-S, corresponding to a set of ringing alarms A(R). Exactly one component can become a fault source at any time, and the fault can subsequently propagate to others. In this paper, we present two algorithms for the single fault diagnosis problem which perform better than existing algorithms under different conditions. C1 Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Elhadef, M (reprint author), Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67689-9 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2000 VL 1821 BP 192 EP 197 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BS61T UT WOS:000170571100023 ER PT S AU Smolinski, BA AF Smolinski, BA BE Loganantharaj, R Palm, G TI Approximating the 0-1 multiple knapsack problem with agent decomposition and market negotiation SO INTELLIGENT PROBLEM SOLVING: METHODOLOGIES AND APPROACHES, PRODEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems (IEA/AIE 2000) CY JUN 19-22, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Int Soc Appl Intelligence, SW Texas State Univ, Univ Louisiana Lafayette, ACM SIGART, Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence, Canadian Soc Computat Studies Intelligence, IEE, Int Neural Network Soc, Japanese Soc Artificial Intelligence ID MECHANISMS AB The 0-1 multiple knapsack problem appears in many domains from financial portfolio management to cargo ship stowing. Algorithms for solving it range from approximate, with no lower bounds on performance, to exact, which suffer from worst case exponential time and space complexities. This paper introduces a market model based on agent decomposition and market auctions for approximating the 0-1 multiple knapsack problem, and an algorithm that implements the model (M(x)). M(x) traverses the solution space, much like simulated annealing, overcoming an inherent problem of many greedy algorithms. The use of agents ensures infeasible solutions are not considered while traversing the solution space and traversal of the solution space is both random and directed. M(x) is compared to a bound and bound algorithm and a simple greedy algorithm with a random shuffle. The results suggest M(x) is a good algorithm for approximating the 0-1 Multiple Knapsack problem. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Smolinski, BA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-67689-9 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2000 VL 1821 BP 296 EP 305 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BS61T UT WOS:000170571100036 ER PT S AU Laurent, L Caryotakis, G Scheitrum, G Sprehn, D Luhmann, NC AF Laurent, L Caryotakis, G Scheitrum, G Sprehn, D Luhmann, NC BE Brandt, HE TI Pulsed rf breakdown studies SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intense Microwave Pulses VII CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE breakdown; field emission; grain boundaries; x-rays; microparticles; surface plasma; rf processing AB A series of experiments have been conducted to investigate the critical mechanisms involved in pulsed rf breakdown. This research has examined fundamental issues such as microparticle contamination, grain boundaries, residual gas, pulse duration, field emission, and the spatial distribution of plasma during a breakdown event. The motivation of this research is to gain a clearer understanding of the processes involved in breakdown and to determine methods to increase the breakdown threshold thereby increasing the available power in high power microwave sources and accelerator components. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Laurent, L (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3657-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4031 BP 110 EP 120 DI 10.1117/12.391793 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR51J UT WOS:000166690300010 ER PT S AU Sprehn, D Caryotakis, G Jongewaard, E Phillips, RM Vlieks, A AF Sprehn, D Caryotakis, G Jongewaard, E Phillips, RM Vlieks, A BE Brandt, HE TI X-band klystron development at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intense Microwave Pulses VII CY APR 24-25, 2000 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE klystron; PPM; NLC AB X-band klystrons capable of 75 MW and utilizing either solenoidal or Periodic Permanent Magnet (PPM) focusing are undergoing design, fabrication and testing at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The klystron development is part of an effort to realize components necessary for the construction of the Next Linear Collider (NLC). SLAG has. completed a solenoidal-focused X-band klystron development effort to study the design and operation of tubes with beam microperveances of 1.2. As of early 2000, nine 1.2 muK klystrons have been tested to 50 MW at 1.5 mus. The first 50 MW PPM klystron, constructed in 1996, was designed with a 0.6 muK beam at 465 kV and uses a 5-cell traveling-wave output structure. Recent testing of this tube at wider pulsewidths has reached 50 MW at 55 % efficiency, 2.4 mus and 60 Hz. A 75 MW PPM klystron prototype was constructed in 1998 and has reached the NLC design target of 75 MW at 1.5 mus. A new 75 MW PPM klystron design, which is aimed at reducing the cost and increasing the reliability of multi-megawatt PPM klystrons, is under investigation. The tube is scheduled for testing during early 2001. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Sprehn, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3657-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4031 BP 132 EP 143 DI 10.1117/12.391794 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BR51J UT WOS:000166690300012 ER PT B AU Doeff, MM Hwang, KT Anapolsky, A Richardson, TJ AF Doeff, MM Hwang, KT Anapolsky, A Richardson, TJ BE Nazri, GA Thackeray, M Ohzuku, T TI Factors influencing the discharge characteristics of Na0.44MnO2-based positive electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries SO INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS FOR BATTERY MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Intercalation Compounds for Battery Materials held at the Joint Electrochemical-Society/Japan-Electrochemical-Society Meeting CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div AB Cathode materials with the Na0.44MnO2 structure are highly reversible towards lithium insertion processes, resist conversion to spinel and are not easily damaged by abuse through over-charging or over-discharging. While the theoretical capacity of LixMnO2 made from Na0.44MnO2 is at least 200 mAh/g, in practice only about 45-60% utilization is obtained in lithium cell configurations, in part because not all of the lithium can be extracted below the oxidative stability limit of the electrolyte. Higher utilization is obtained in cells with partially exchanged materials, which have larger unit cells, but in-situ exchange processes lead to an apparent capacity fade upon cycling. The benefits of the larger unit cell without the complications of such exchange processes may be realized by replacing some of the manganese with titanium in the structure. A series of compounds with the formula LixTiyMn1-yO2, where y=0.11, 0.22, 0.33, 0.44, and 0.55 was synthesized and characterized for this study. A maximum reversible capacity of 150 mAh/g between 2.5 and 3.5V vs. Li was obtained for Li/P(EO)(8)LiTFSI/LixTi0.22Mn0.78O2 cells at 85 degrees C in electrochemical potential spectroscopy experiments. Cells with the titanium-doped manganese oxides exhibited a fade rate of 0.12% or less per cycle, indicating that the increased utilization does not come at the expense of cyclability. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doeff, MM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-247-8 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 24 BP 48 EP 56 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BQ33V UT WOS:000088013900005 ER PT B AU Rodriguez, MA Ingersoll, D Doughty, DH AF Rodriguez, MA Ingersoll, D Doughty, DH BE Nazri, GA Thackeray, M Ohzuku, T TI In situ X-ray diffraction of layered LiCoO2-type cathode materials SO INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS FOR BATTERY MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Intercalation Compounds for Battery Materials held at the Joint Electrochemical-Society/Japan-Electrochemical-Society Meeting CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div ID LITHIUM AB We have investigated LiNi0.8Co0.2O2 (Sumitomo) acid LiNi5/8Co1/4Mn1/16Al1/16O2 (Sandia chemical preparation method) cathode powders via in-situ X-ray Diffraction and Cyclic Voltammetry using a "coffee-bag" type electrochemical cell. Both cathode materials did not show a monoclinic distortion during de-intercalation but sustained the hexagonal structure up to 4.3 V. The doping of Co into the LiNiO2 structure appears to stabilize this lattice as the hexagonal structure over the full range of charging (up to 4.3 V). The LiNi5/8Co1/4Mn1/16Al1/16O2 cathode material exhibited a 160 mAh/g capacity (to 4.1 V) on its 1(st) cycle, while displayed a much smaller volume change (as compared to LiNi0.8CO0.2O2) during de-intercalation. This reduced overall volume change (2.5 vol%) may have important implications for cycle life of this material. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rodriguez, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-247-8 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 24 BP 85 EP 92 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BQ33V UT WOS:000088013900009 ER PT B AU Vaughey, JT Kepler, K Johnson, CS Sarakonsri, T Benedek, R O'Hara, J Hackney, S Thackeray, MM AF Vaughey, JT Kepler, K Johnson, CS Sarakonsri, T Benedek, R O'Hara, J Hackney, S Thackeray, MM BE Nazri, GA Thackeray, M Ohzuku, T TI Intermetallic insertion electrodes for lithium batteries SO INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS FOR BATTERY MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Intercalation Compounds for Battery Materials held at the Joint Electrochemical-Society/Japan-Electrochemical-Society Meeting CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div ID K8IN11; OXIDE AB Intermetallic alloys have been investigated for many years as anode materials for lithium batteries and, more recently, as alternative electrodes to carbon, because of several intrinsic advantages, including high capacity and safety. Some of the most studied alloys utilize tin as the active component because of its high theoretical capacity (996 mAh/g) and its slightly higher operating voltage (<400 mV) compared to metallic lithium. To date, the use of binary lithium alloys as anodes has been limited to the select number of main group elements (e.g., Sn) that can be lithiated at an appropriate voltage with acceptable kinetics. A key disadvantage of binary LixM alloy systems is that major phase changes occur during the electrochemical cycling of lithium. The most successful approach to overcoming this limitation has been the use of intermetallic alloys MM' consisting of two (or more) metals, at least one of which is an "active" alloying element (M), and the other an "inactive" (M') element. During the reaction with lithium, such a system breaks up into regions of LixM and inactive M'. We have extended the concept of intermetallic electrodes to include reactions in which the intermetallic compound provides a host structure for lithium. For instance, we have shown by in situ X-ray diffraction that in the copper-tin system the following reaction takes place: Cu6Sn5 + 9 Li <-> Li9Cu6Sn5 In these types of reactions, the classic limitations of intermetallic anodes, such as volume expansion, can be reduced, and potentially many of the materials issues for intermetallic anodes can then be addressed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vaughey, JT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-247-8 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 24 BP 280 EP 289 PG 2 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BQ33V UT WOS:000088013900029 ER PT B AU Neudecker, BJ Zuhr, RA AF Neudecker, BJ Zuhr, RA BE Nazri, GA Thackeray, M Ohzuku, T TI Li-ION thin-film batteries with tin and indium nitride and subnitride anodes MeNx (Me = Sn, In) SO INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS FOR BATTERY MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Intercalation Compounds for Battery Materials held at the Joint Electrochemical-Society/Japan-Electrochemical-Society Meeting CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div ID LITHIUM; OXIDE AB Nitride and subnitride thin-films of Sn or In were prepared by reactive rf magnetron sputtering of the metals in appropriate Ar-N-2 gas mixtures. Inferred from X-ray diffraction studies, the tin subnitrides consisted of a solid solution of N in nanocrystalline tetragonal Sn and the indium subnitrides represented two-phase mixtures of crystalline hexagonal InN and crystalline tetragonal In. Using a LiCoO2 cathode and a Lipon electrolyte, Li-ion thin-film batteries with MeNx (Me = Sn, In) anodes were cycled over 1000 times between 4.2 and 2.7 V or 2.0 V at current rates up to 10 mA/cm(2) and at a charge rate of 10 C. The inherent, initial capacity loss of the MeNx anodes due to the formation of the irreversible Li3N matrix was greatly reduced by applying two concepts. First, the use of subnitrides with low N/Me ratios resulted in less Li3N formation, and second, supersaturating the MeNx anodes with Li of cathode-heavy cells produced less Li3N per unit capacity of LiCoO2 and precipitated metallic Li, which was found to be electrochemically highly reversible. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Neudecker, BJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-247-8 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 24 BP 295 EP 304 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BQ33V UT WOS:000088013900031 ER PT B AU Amine, K Liu, J Jansen, AN Newman, A Simon, D Henriksen, GL AF Amine, K Liu, J Jansen, AN Newman, A Simon, D Henriksen, GL BE Nazri, GA Thackeray, M Ohzuku, T TI Development of high-power lithium ion batteries for hybrid vehicle application SO INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS FOR BATTERY MATERIALS, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Intercalation Compounds for Battery Materials held at the Joint Electrochemical-Society/Japan-Electrochemical-Society Meeting CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div AB A high-power lithium ion battery has been developed for application in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). The battery is based on the LiNi0.8Co0.2O2/graphite chemistry and has higher power-to-energy ratio. The hybrid pulse power characterization (HPPC) test of cells based on both LiPF6/EC/DEC and LiPF6/EC/DMC exceeded the power requirement set by the Partnership for New Generation Vehicles (PNGV) to accelerate the vehicle from 0 to 90 miles during a 18s battery pulse discharge. The area specific impedance in both cells was lower than 25 ohm-cm(2) for the18 sec pulse discharge, and the corresponding pulse power was more than 55 mW/cm(2). This pulse power performance could be obtained in a wide range of depth of discharge (30-60% DOD). The cell with LiPF6/EC/DMC (1:1) electrolyte achieved higher shows better power performance than the cell with LiPF6/EC/DEC (1:1) because of its high ionic conductivity. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Amine, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013; Jansen, Andrew/Q-5912-2016 OI Jansen, Andrew/0000-0003-3244-7790 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-247-8 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 2000 VL 99 IS 24 BP 389 EP 399 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BQ33V UT WOS:000088013900038 ER PT S AU Bogen, KT Keating, GA AF Bogen, KT Keating, GA BE Reichard, EG Hauchman, FS Sancha, AM TI Dermal absorption from short-term exposure to contaminated water SO INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES ON DRINKING WATER RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT SE IAHS PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Assessing and Managing Health Risk From Drinking Water Contamination: Approaches and Applications CY SEP 07-10, 1998 CL UNIV CHILE, SANTIAGO, CHILE SP Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Groundwater, Int Assoc Hydrol Sci, Int Commiss Water Qual, US Geol Survey, Univ Chile HO UNIV CHILE ID CHLORINATED TAP WATER; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; CHLOROFORM EXPOSURE; GUINEA-PIGS; IN-VITRO; MODEL; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; SKIN; PERMEABILITY; KINETICS AB Dermal exposure to drinking water containing chemical contaminants may result in chemical uptake from the water into skin. Models to estimate dermal absorption of water contaminants utilize Fick's laws of diffusion to describe the uptake process. Relatively few measurements of dermal uptake of organic chemicals from water in vivo are available to compare with the predictions of these models. An analysis of published in vivo dermal uptake studies, and data from an in vitro study measuring short-term (<1 h) dermal absorption of trichloroethylene, indicate that the models underpredict the dermal uptake of volatile organic chemicals from water. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assessment Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bogen, KT (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assessment Div, POB 808,L-396, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM keating2@llnl.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES PI WALLINGFORD PA INST OF HYDROLOGY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8BB, ENGLAND SN 0144-7815 BN 1-901502-11-2 J9 IAHS-AISH P PY 2000 IS 260 BP 101 EP 110 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Water Resources GA BR04W UT WOS:000165502300023 ER PT J AU Kjeldgaard, EA Jones, DA List, GF Turnquist, MA Angelo, JW Hopson, RD Hudson, J Holeman, T AF Kjeldgaard, EA Jones, DA List, GF Turnquist, MA Angelo, JW Hopson, RD Hudson, J Holeman, T TI Swords into plowshares: Nuclear weapon dismantlement, evaluation, and maintenance at Pantex SO INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE government; programs production/scheduling; planning AB The end of the Cold War changed the missions of facilities in the US nuclear weapons complex. They ceased production of new weapons and focused on dismantling old weapons and maintaining the safety, security, and reliability od those remaining. The ranter Plant, operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) by the Mason and Hanger Corporation, is the sole assembly and disassembly facility for dismantlement, evaluation, and maintenance activities for the US nuclear stockpile. We developed a decision support tool, the Pantex Process Model (PPM), to help Pantex plan capacity and deploy resources to meet its new requirements. Using the PPM, Pantex has provided critical input to help the US form and defend positions during arms-control-treaty negotiations. It has changed the way Pantex and the DOE evaluate resource requirements in planning future workloads. It has also led to an innovative cooperative agreement among Pantex, the Transportation Safeguards Division of DOE, and the Department of Defense (DOD) that resulted in Pantex exceeding weapon-dismantlement goals. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Civil Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Cornell Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Mason & Hanger Corp, Amarillo, TX 79177 USA. RP Kjeldgaard, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS-0718, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST OPERATIONS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT SCIENCES PI LINTHICUM HTS PA 901 ELKRIDGE LANDING RD, STE 400, LINTHICUM HTS, MD 21090-2909 USA SN 0092-2102 J9 INTERFACES JI Interfaces PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 30 IS 1 BP 57 EP 82 DI 10.1287/inte.30.1.57.11619 PG 26 WC Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 300RN UT WOS:000086266100005 ER PT S AU Schwartz, AJ Kumar, M King, WE AF Schwartz, AJ Kumar, M King, WE BE Carter, CB Hall, EL Nutt, SR Briant, CL TI Influence of processing method on the grain boundary character distribution and network connectivity SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties II held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, GE Res & Dev Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Univ So Calif, Brown Univ, Ctr Adv Mat ID ACID-BATTERY ELECTRODES; HIGH-PURITY NICKEL; INTERGRANULAR CORROSION; CREEP; CRACKING; MICROSCOPY; CAVITATION; ALLOYS AB There exists a growing body of literature that correlates the fraction of "special" boundaries in a microstructure, as described by the Coincident Site Lattice Model, to properties such as corrosion resistance, intergranular stress corrosion cracking, creep, etc. Several studies suggest that the grain boundary character distribution (GBCD), which is defined in terms of the relative fractions of "special" and "random" grain boundaries, can be manipulated through thermomechanical processing. This investigation evaluates the influence of specific thermomechanical processing methods on the resulting GBCD in FCC materials such as oxygen-free electronic (ofe) copper and Inconel 600. We also demonstrate that the primary effect of thermomechanical processing is to reduce or break the connectivity of the random grain boundary network. Samples of ofe Cu were subjected to a minimum of three different deformation paths to evaluate the influence of deformation path on the resulting GBCD. These include: rolling to 82% reduction in thickness, compression to 82% strain, repeated compression to 20% strain followed by annealing. In addition, the influence of annealing temperature was probed by applying, for each of the processes, three different annealing temperatures of 400, 560, and 800 degreesC. The observations obtained from automated electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) characterization of the microstructure are discussed in terms of deformation path, annealing temperature, and processing method. Results are compared to previous reports on strain-annealed ofe Cu and sequential processed Inconel 600. These results demonstrate that among the processes considered, sequential processing is the most effective method to disrupt the random grain boundary network and improve the GBCD. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schwartz, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-494-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 586 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BR05B UT WOS:000165506300001 ER PT S AU Bedrossian, PJ Schwartz, AJ Kumar, M King, WE AF Bedrossian, PJ Schwartz, AJ Kumar, M King, WE BE Carter, CB Hall, EL Nutt, SR Briant, CL TI Observation of localized corrosion of Ni-based alloys using coupled orientation imaging microscopy and atomic force microscopy SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties II held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, GE Res & Dev Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Univ So Calif, Brown Univ, Ctr Adv Mat AB We present a method for assessing the relative vulnerabilites of distinct classes of grain boundaries to localized corrosion. Orientation imaging microscopy provides a spatial map which identifies and classifies grain boundaries at a metal surface. Once the microstructure of a region of a sample surface has been characterized, a sample can be exposed to repeated cycles of exposure to a corrosive environment alternating with topographic measurement by an atomic force microscope in the same region in which the microstructure had been mapped. When this procedure is applied to Ni and Ni-based alloys, we observe enhanced attack at random grain boundaries relative to special boundaries and twins in a variety of environments. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bedrossian, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-494-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 586 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BR05B UT WOS:000165506300011 ER PT S AU Moody, NR Adams, DP Volinsky, AA Kriese, MD Gerberich, WW AF Moody, NR Adams, DP Volinsky, AA Kriese, MD Gerberich, WW BE Carter, CB Hall, EL Nutt, SR Briant, CL TI Annealing effects on interfacial fracture of gold-chromium films in hybrid microcircuits SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties II held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, GE Res & Dev Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Univ So Calif, Brown Univ, Ctr Adv Mat ID THIN-FILMS; TANTALUM NITRIDE; ADHESION; MECHANICS; ENERGY; METALLIZATION; DELAMINATION; INDENTATION; DIFFUSION; CRACKING AB In this study, stressed overlayers and nanoindentation were used to study the effect of elevated temperature on the resistance to interfacial fracture of gold-chromium films in hybrid microcircuits. The samples were prepared by sputter deposition of gold films and chromium adhesive layers onto sapphire substrates. Some films were left in the as-deposited condition for testing. Others were annealed until either most or all the chromium adhesive layer had diffused from the substrate interface. Stressed overlayers and nanoindentation were then used to drive interfacial delamination and blister formation. From these blisters, interfacial fracture energies were determined using mechanics-based models modified for multilayer film effects. The results clearly showed that the chromium interlayers increased interfacial fracture energy. However, they showed an even greater increase in fracture energy after diffusion had reduced the continuous chromium adhesion layer to a solid solution of gold and chromium, suggesting two different mechanisms act to control resistance to interfacial fracture in these films. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moody, NR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Volinsky, Alex/0000-0002-8520-6248 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-494-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 586 BP 195 EP 206 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BR05B UT WOS:000165506300027 ER PT S AU Zhang, Z Bloomer, TE Kameda, J Sakurai, S AF Zhang, Z Bloomer, TE Kameda, J Sakurai, S BE Carter, CB Hall, EL Nutt, SR Briant, CL TI Near-interface crack initiation in thermal barrier coatings SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties II held at the 1999 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-02, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, GE Res & Dev Ctr, Univ Minnesota, Univ So Calif, Brown Univ, Ctr Adv Mat AB The delamination behavior of thermal barrier coatings (TBC) in transition ducts of inservice used combusters has been characterized using a protruded four-point bending testing technique recently developed by the authors. A reinforced protruded TBC specimen allowed the formation of TBC cracks adjacent to the TBC/alumina interface in a similar mode to inservice TBC failure. Finite element stress analysis showed that a peak transverse stress appeared in a protruded TBC part away from the interface and a large principal tensile stress operated on planes inclined to the interface. It was found that the onset of near-interface TBC cracks in the protruded TBC specimen did not occur under the high transverse and principal tensile stresses. The critical local tensile stress for the onset of TBC cracks near the interface, estimated to be 127 MPa, was lower than that of the near-center TBC. The near-interface TBC cracking behavior in the protruded TBC tests is discussed in light of the residual stress distribution and stressed volume effect. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Zhang, Z (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-494-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2000 VL 586 BP 279 EP 284 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BR05B UT WOS:000165506300039 ER PT S AU McGehee, PM Loos, GC AF McGehee, PM Loos, GC BE Lena, PJ Quirrenbach, A TI Imaging performance studies of a compact near-infrared interferometer SO INTERFEROMETRY IN OPTICAL ASTRONOMY, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry in Optical Astronomy CY MAR 27-29, 2000 CL MUNICH, GERMANY SP SPIE, European SO Observ, DFM Engn Inc DE interferometers; aperture synthesis; YSOs ID STELLAR INTERFEROMETRY AB Models of the instrument response and imaging quality are presented for a class of compact near-infrared interferometers. The defining features of this class are 2 to 3 meter diameter telescopes with adaptive optics compensation, 3 to 6 collectors, and relatively short baselines of 50 meters or less. We will also study the effects of having at least one of the collecting apertures moveable along a 100 meter track. Estimates for the fringe visibilities are derived and the limiting K-band (2.2 micron) magnitudes are computed. Possible science programs are discussed with specific emphasis on the imaging of young stellar object (YSO) accretion disks and optical jets. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP McGehee, PM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3631-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2000 VL 4006 BP 640 EP 649 DI 10.1117/12.390264 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BQ70B UT WOS:000089218500072 ER PT B AU Sauer, LD Clay, RL Armstrong, R AF Sauer, LD Clay, RL Armstrong, R GP IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY TI Meta-component architecture for software interoperability SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE METHODS AND TOOLS, PROCEEDING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Software Methods and Tools (SMT 2000) CY NOV 06-09, 2000 CL WOLLONGONG, AUSTRALIA SP Univ Wollongong, Capital One Financial Serv, Rat Software, Maestro BPE, Object Orient Pty Ltd AB Most existing software is one-of-a-kind, monolithic, non-interoperable, and consequently non-reusable. In addition, this software is difficult to maintain, improve, and scale. More importantly, this software is vital to many enterprises and institutions. Thus, enterprises must continuously make trade-off decisions between developing new software and maintaining existing software. The meta-component architecture (Component Mill) presented in this paper will enable enterprises to continue using existing software while providing a mechanism to migrate the software into a format (meta-component) that supports software integration and reuse. This architecture provides the blueprint for realizing an environment that supports exposing existing software for reuse with other (heterogeneous) software while allowing software development based on reuse. The meta-components are independent of any, component model used in component technologies. Thus, this architecture provides components that are, in principle, executable in any component technology. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sauer, LD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0903-7 PY 2000 BP 75 EP 84 DI 10.1109/SWMT.2000.890423 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BR27L UT WOS:000165991600011 ER PT J AU Horstemeyer, MF Ramaswamy, S AF Horstemeyer, MF Ramaswamy, S TI On factors affecting localization and void growth in ductile metals: A parametric study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID ELLIPSOIDAL CAVITIES; APPROXIMATE MODELS; NONSPHERICAL VOIDS; FRACTURE; NUCLEATION; FAILURE; SIZE AB A large number of factors besides void volume fraction are known to play significant roles in influencing void growth and strain localization. In spite of this, macroscale constitutive models currently available in the literature account for only a few of these factors while describing the evolution for damage, or porosity, in ductile metals. The absence of other contributing factors from the models could be attributed to the fact that past investigations have considered only a few (at most three) while determining their overall influences on void growth and strain localization. The present study seeks to examine the sensitivities exerted by a list of seven independent parameters on strain localization and void growth in Aluminum 1100 and 304 L Stainless Steel by performing a series of parametric calculations using the finite element method. Owing to the wide range of parameters, an optimal matrix of finite element calculations is generated using the statistical method of design of experiments (DOE). The DOE method is also used to screen the finite element results and yield the desired parametric influences as outputs. As far as localization and void growth are concerned, it is observed that, while temperature and microporosity exerted the most dominant influences, pre-strain effects and geometric parameters, such as uniformity as pore size, and the shape and distribution of pores, are noted to play significant secondary influences. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Solid & Mat Mech Dept, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Horstemeyer, MF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Solid & Mat Mech Dept, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 33 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 1056-7895 J9 INT J DAMAGE MECH JI Int. J. Damage Mech. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 9 IS 1 BP 5 EP 28 DI 10.1106/NK33-UT7V-63BL-4LUJ PG 24 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 325ZN UT WOS:000087707400001 ER PT J AU Calkins, DE Egging, N Scholz, C AF Calkins, D. E. Egging, Nathaniel Scholz, Christian TI Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) Design Methodology at the Undergraduate and Graduate Levels SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION LA English DT Article AB An emerging design technology known as knowledge-based engineering (KBE) is the next step beyond CAD for product representation. KBE allows a true generative virtual prototype to be developed that represents both the geometric and the non-geometric characteristics of a product. Both an undergraduate and graduate level design course based on this technology is described. A new version of the design process is presented for the development of a virtual prototype. Examples of products (systems) that were modeled include a hand held vacuum and a parametric human which are presented and described. C1 [Calkins, D. E.] Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Egging, Nathaniel; Scholz, Christian] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Calkins, DE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Box 3526000, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM cscholz@sandia.gov NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU TEMPUS PUBLICATIONS PI DURRUS, BANTRY PA IJEE , ROSSMORE,, DURRUS, BANTRY, COUNTY CORK 00000, IRELAND SN 0949-149X J9 INT J ENG EDUC JI Int. J. Eng. Educ PY 2000 VL 16 IS 1 BP 21 EP 38 PG 18 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA V11PV UT WOS:000207544400004 ER PT J AU Foster, KT Sugiyama, G Nasstrom, JS Leone, JM Chan, ST Bowen, BM AF Foster, KT Sugiyama, G Nasstrom, JS Leone, JM Chan, ST Bowen, BM TI The use of an operational model evaluation system for model intercomparison SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on Harmonization within Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling for Regulatory Purposes CY MAY 18-AUG 21, 1998 CL RHODES, GREECE SP Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos DE complex dispersion models; model evaluation; statistical validation; tracer datasets AB This paper describes a prototype model evaluation system for the study of the capabilities and performance of operational atmospheric transport and dispersion models. This system provides tools both for objective statistical analysis using common performance measures and for more subjective visualization of the temporal and spatial relationships of model results relative to field measurements. Supporting this system is a database of processed field experiment data (source terms and meteorological and tracer measurements) from over 100 individual tracer releases. The use of this system is illustrated using results from models that are used operationally by the Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC) emergency response system, as well as new models currently being developed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Foster, KT (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUSIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 2000 VL 14 IS 1-6 BP 77 EP 88 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 370DM UT WOS:000165108000009 ER PT J AU Zardecki, A AF Zardecki, A TI Continued fractions: Yet another tool to overcome the curse of dimensionality SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE rule-based systems; fuzzy rules; time series; forecasting; combinatorial explosion ID FUZZY CONTROLLERS AB We provide a rapid prediction method, in which a larger number of antecedents is accounted for than is currently considered. To this end, we encode the successive (possibly rescaled) values of a time series, as the partial quotients of a continued fraction, resulting in a number from the unit interval. The accuracy of a rule-based system utilizing this coding is investigated to some extent. Qualitative criteria for the applicability of the algorithm are formulated. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zardecki, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS F645, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0308-1079 J9 INT J GEN SYST JI Int. J. Gen. Syst. PY 2000 VL 29 IS 2 BP 251 EP 262 DI 10.1080/03081070008960932 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 333LA UT WOS:000088130700004 ER PT J AU Max, N Williams, P Silva, C AF Max, N Williams, P Silva, C TI Approximate volume rendering for curvilinear and unstructured grids by hardware-assisted polyhedron projection SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A hardware polygon rendering pipeline can be used with hardware compositing to volume render arbitrary unstructured grids composed of convex polyhedral cells. This technique is described, together with the global sorting necessary for back-to-front compositing, and the modifications that must be made to approximate curvilinear cells, whose faces may not be planar. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. AT&T Labs Res, Murray Hill, NJ USA. RP Max, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-9457 EI 1098-1098 J9 INT J IMAG SYST TECH JI Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol. PY 2000 VL 11 IS 1 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1098(2000)11:1<53::AID-IMA6>3.0.CO;2-7 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 309NP UT WOS:000086774500006 ER PT J AU Sari-Sarraf, H Goddard, JS Abidi, BR Hunt, MA AF Sari-Sarraf, H Goddard, JS Abidi, BR Hunt, MA TI Vision system for on-line characterization of paper slurry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDRODYNAMICS AB This paper presents a detailed description or a vision system that detects and localizes the nonuniformities that appear on the paper slurry (wood fiber and water mixture) at the wet end of a paper machine. Specifically, the system monitors the paper slurry as it exits the headbox and alerts the operators of any event (e.g., streaks) that disrupts the otherwise homogeneous background. These events affect crucial product properties such as formation. A poor formation results in thick and thin spots on the sheet and impacts its strength and printability. This paper describes the Vision system in terms of its hardware modules, as well as the image processing algorithms that it utilizes to perform its function. The system acquires intensity and topographic information from the scene. It uses texture-based features for the detection and facet-based descriptors for the localization of the nonuniformities. In addition to being tested in a laboratory environment, a prototype of this system was constructed and deployed to a paper milt, where its performance was evaluated under realistic conditions, installed on a fourdrinier paper machine, running at 480 m/min and producing linerboard material, the vision system monitored about al m wide area and successfully detected and localized slurry streaks. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sari-Sarraf, H (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0899-9457 J9 INT J IMAG SYST TECH JI Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol. PY 2000 VL 11 IS 4 BP 231 EP 242 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 428CL UT WOS:000168443500004 ER PT J AU Chen, LJ Berry, MW Hargrove, WW AF Chen, LJ Berry, MW Hargrove, WW TI Using dendronal signatures for feature extraction and retrieval SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL; IMAGE AB A dendrone is a hierarchical thresholding structure that can be automatically generated from a complex image. The dendrone structure captures the connectedness of objects and subobjects during successive brightness thresholding, Based on connectedness and changes in intensity contours. dendronic representations of objects in images capture the coarse-to-fine unfolding of finer and finer detail, creating a unique signature for target objects that is invariant to lighting, scale, and placement of the object within the image. Subdendrones within the hierarchy are recognizable as objects within the picture. Complex composite images san be autonomously analyzed to determine if they contain the unique dendronic signatures of particular target objects of interest. In this paper, we describe the initial design of the dendronic image characterization environment (DICE) for the generation of dendronic signatures from complex multiband remote imagery. By comparing subdendrones within an image to dendronic signatures of target objects of interest, DICE can be used to match/retrieve target features from a library of composite images. The DICE framework can organize and support a number of alternative object recognition and comparison techniques depending on the application domain. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Berry, MW (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, 203 Claxton Complex, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Berry, Michael/0000-0002-9191-9148 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0899-9457 J9 INT J IMAG SYST TECH JI Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol. PY 2000 VL 11 IS 4 BP 243 EP 253 DI 10.1002/ima.1009 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 428CL UT WOS:000168443500005 ER PT J AU Forrestal, MJ Piekutowski, AJ AF Forrestal, MJ Piekutowski, AJ TI Penetration experiments with 6061-T6511 aluminum targets and spherical-nose steel projectiles at striking velocities between 0.5 and 3.0 km/s SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE penetration; aluminum targets; spherical-nose steel projectiles ID LONG RODS AB We conducted depth of penetration experiments with 7,11-mm-diameter, 74.7-mm-long, spherical-nose, 4340 steel projectiles launched into 250-mm-diameter, 6061-T6511 aluminum targets. A powder gun and two-stage, light-gas guns launched the 0.023 kg projectiles at striking velocities between 0.5 and 3.0 km/s. Post-test radiographs of the targets showed three response regions as striking velocities increased: (1) the projectiles had slight bulges near the nose and some shank bending, (2) the projectiles had large bulges and kinked shanks, and (3) the projectiles eroded and lost mass. For the first response region, penetration depth increased as striking velocity increased, However, when the second region was reached, there was a dramatic reduction in penetration depth. For the third response region penetration depth increased with increasing striking velocity. To show the effect of projectile strength, we compared depth-of-penetration as a function of striking velocity for spherical-nose rods with average Rockwell hardnesses of 36.6, 39.5, and 46.2. To show the effect of nose shape, we compared penetration data for the spherical-nose projectiles with previously published data for ogive-nose projectiles. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 15414, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Forrestal, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 15414, POB 5800,MS-0303, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 49 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 24 IS 1 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(99)00033-0 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 277HY UT WOS:000084927700004 ER PT J AU Hill, SE Feller, D AF Hill, SE Feller, D TI Theoretical study of cation/ether complexes: 15-crown-5 and its alkali metal complexes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE electronic structure binding energies ID BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS; CROWN-ETHERS; GAS-PHASE; BASIS-SETS; AB-INITIO; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB A combination of classical force field molecular dynamics and electronic structure calculations were used to identify the low-lying, gas phase conformations of isolated 15-crown-5 and complexes it forms with a single alkali cation (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+). The computed binding enthalpies are compared with recent gas phase, collision-induced dissociation measurements. While agreement is reasonably good for sodium and potassium, it worsens for the larger cations, where theory and experiment differ by as much as 20 kcal/mol. Tests of the sensitivity of the predicted binding enthalpies to the size of the basis sets were conducted with large, diffuse-function-augmented, correlation consistent basis sets. Despite the increase in size and flexibility of the basis sets, they resulted in relatively little change in the computed binding energies. A possible explanation of these differences, first proposed for M+/12c4, is discussed. It assumes that the experiment measures dissociation from higher-lying metal/ether complexes, rather than the global minimum which serves as the reference point for the theoretical values. However, a Limited search for a much higher energy Rb+/15c5 structure proved unsuccessful. A cluster-based metal exchange reaction, which crudely models the binding preference in aqueous solution, reproduces the low selectivity of 15-crown-5 relative to that of 18-crown-6 in solution. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Feller, D (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, MS K8-91,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 90 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PY 2000 VL 201 IS 1-3 BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(00)00214-1 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 341RT UT WOS:000088603900005 ER PT J AU Gutowski, M Skurski, P Simons, J AF Gutowski, M Skurski, P Simons, J TI Bi-dipole-bound anions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE anions; dipole ID AB-INITIO; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-COMPLEXES; STATES; SPECTROSCOPY; CLUSTERS; BINDING; PHOTODETACHMENT; AFFINITIES; DYNAMICS AB The possibility of electron binding by a molecule with two polar ends, each of which is capable of electron binding, is studied using electronic structure methods. The destabilizing effects of each dipole on the ability of the other dipole to bind an electron as well as the through-bond splitting between the g and u anion states are examined. In addition, the ability of the two polar ends to bind two electrons, one to each end, is investigated. Numerical results are presented for the anions of (HCN)(n)... HCCH ...(NCH)(n) (n = 2-4) and for the corresponding n = 2 dianion. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Chem, Henry Eyring Ctr Theoret Chem, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Gdansk, Dept Chem, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. RP Gutowski, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PY 2000 VL 201 IS 1-3 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(00)00209-8 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 341RT UT WOS:000088603900022 ER PT J AU Liou, WW Fang, YC Baty, RS AF Liou, WW Fang, YC Baty, RS TI Global numerical prediction of bursting frequency in turbulent boundary layers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL METHODS FOR HEAT & FLUID FLOW LA English DT Article DE turbulence; numerical methods; eigenvalues; boundary layers ID SPECTRUM; EQUATION AB The frequencies of the bursting events associated with the streamwise coherent structures of spatially developing incompressible turbulent boundary layers were predicted. The structures were modeled as wavelike disturbances associated with the turbulent mean flow using a direct-resonance theory. Global numerical solutions for the resonant eigenmodes of the Orr-Sommerfeld and the vertical vorticity equations were developed. The global method involves the use of second and fourth order accurate finite difference formulae for the differential equations as well as the boundary conditions. The predicted resonance frequencies were found to agree very well with previous results using a local shooting technique and measured data. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Liou, WW (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCB UNIV PRESS LTD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0961-5539 J9 INT J NUMER METHOD H JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow PY 2000 VL 10 IS 8 BP 862 EP 876 DI 10.1108/09615530010359148 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 385HG UT WOS:000165997600005 ER PT J AU Geffen, CA Rothenberg, S AF Geffen, CA Rothenberg, S TI Suppliers and environmental innovation - The automotive paint process SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OPERATIONS & PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE innovation; environmental management strategy; process management; suppliers; partnering; motor industry ID ARCHITECTURAL INNOVATION; INTEGRATION; JAPANESE; STRATEGY AB Automobile assembly plants worldwide face increasing pressures in the environmental arena Now a plant responds to these issues has significant implications for the cost and quality of plant operations. This paper uses three case studies of LTS assembly plants to examine the role of partnerships between original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and their suppliers in improving the environmental performance of manufacturing operations. We find that strong partnerships with suppliers, supported by appropriate incentive systems, were a significant element of the successful application of innovative environmental technologies Supplier staff members were an important part of achieving environmental performance improvements while maintaining production quality and cost goals. The management factors influencing the extent and nature of supplier involvement are identified The results of this work point to the importance of suppliers in addressing the manufacturing challenges of the future. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Rochester Inst Technol, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. RP Geffen, CA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 41 TC 191 Z9 195 U1 6 U2 41 PU MCB UNIV PRESS LTD PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0144-3577 J9 INT J OPER PROD MAN JI Int. J. Oper. Prod. Manage. PY 2000 VL 20 IS 2 BP 166 EP 186 DI 10.1108/01443570010304242 PG 21 WC Management SC Business & Economics GA 294UM UT WOS:000085928800004 ER PT J AU Shu, JY Barlow, CY AF Shu, JY Barlow, CY TI Strain gradient effects on microscopic strain field in a metal matrix composite SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE microstructures; strengthening mechanisms; crystal plasticity; finite elements ID CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; CRYSTAL PLASTICITY; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FLOW-STRESS; LOCALIZATION; INDENTATION; INTEGRATION; FRACTURE; ALUMINUM AB The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the improved modeling accuracy of a finite-deformation strain gradient crystal plasticity formulation over its classical counterpart by conducting a joint experimental and numerical investigation of the microscopic details of the deformation of a whisker-reinforced metal-matrix composite. The lattice rotation distribution around whiskers is obtained in thin foils using a TEM technique and is then correlated with numerical predictions based on finite element analyses of a unit-cell of a single crystal matrix containing a rigid whisker. The matrix material is first characterized by a classical, scale-independent crystal plasticity theory. It is found that the classical theory predicts a lattice rotation distribution with a spatial gradient much higher than experimentally measured. A strain gradient crystal plasticity formulation is then applied to model the matrix. The strain gradient formulation accounts for both strain hardening and strain gradient hardening. The deformation thus predicted exhibits a strong dependence on the size of the whisker. For a constitutive length scale comparable to the whisker diameter? the spatial gradient of the lattice rotation is several times lower than that predicted by the classical theory, and hence correlates significantly better with the experimental results. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Engn, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Engn, Mfg engn Grp, Cambridge CB2 1RX, England. RP Shu, JY (reprint author), Avant Corp, TCAD, 46871 Bayside Pkwy, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. NR 35 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2000 VL 16 IS 5 BP 563 EP 591 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(99)00088-1 PG 29 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 299HB UT WOS:000086192000005 ER PT J AU Horstemeyer, MF Matalanis, MM Sieber, AM Botos, ML AF Horstemeyer, MF Matalanis, MM Sieber, AM Botos, ML TI Micromechanical finite element calculations of temperature and void configuration effects on void growth and coalescence SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Plasticity CY JAN 05-13, 1999 CL CANCUN, MEXICO DE constitutive behavior; finite elements; void coalescence; elastic-viscoplastic material; voids and inclusions ID POROUS PLASTIC SOLIDS; DUCTILE FRACTURE; DAMAGE; SPALLATION; SHEET; BARS; LOCALIZATION; EVOLUTION; TANTALUM; LINKING AB We present micromechanical finite element results that quantify coalescence effects based upon temperature and different spatial arrangements of voids. We propose a critical intervoid ligament distance (ILD) to define void coalescence that is derived from micromechanical simulations in which void volume fraction evolves as a function of strain. Several parameters were varied using the temperature and strain rate internal variable plasticity model of Bammann-Chiesa-Johnson to determine the coalescence effects. The parameters include two types of materials with different work hardening rates (304L stainless steel and 6061T6 aluminum), three different temperatures (298, 400, and 600 K), several boundary conditions (force and displacement: uniaxial, plane strain, and biaxial), type of element used (plane strain and axisymmetric), different ILDs, and the number of voids (one and two void configurations). The present study provides a basis for macroscale modeling of coalescence which is briefly discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Horstemeyer, MF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, MS9405, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 40 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 2000 VL 16 IS 7-8 BP 979 EP 1013 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(99)00076-5 PG 35 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 319VY UT WOS:000087365100010 ER PT J AU Paquet, F Montegue, B Ansoborlo, E Henge-Napoli, MH Houpert, P Durbin, PW Raymond, KN AF Paquet, F Montegue, B Ansoborlo, E Henge-Napoli, MH Houpert, P Durbin, PW Raymond, KN TI Efficacy of 3,4,3-LIHOPO for reducing neptunium retention in the rat after simulated wound contamination SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROXYPYRIDINONATE LIGANDS; MULTIDENTATE CATECHOLATE; IN-VIVO; PLUTONIUM; AMERICIUM; AGENTS; DTPA; CHELATION; EXCRETION; TOXICITY AB Purpose: The ligand 3,4,3-Li(1,2-HOPO) was tested for Np removal after intramuscular injection of Np-237 nitrate in rats. Materials and methods: Two experiments were performed, one with simultaneous injection of neptunium and LIHOPO at dosages ranging from 3 to 200 mu mol kg(-1) and the other with delayed administration of LIHOPO 30 mu mol kg(-1) from 5 min to 30 min after Np injection. Results: The data obtained after simultaneous injections showed that the ligand dosage effectiveness was not linear and depended on the tissues being considered. For bones, the best results were obtained with 200 mu mol kg(-1) LIHOPO, where retention was reduced to 11% of controls. Maximum efficacies for removal in liver and kidney were obtained with 30 mu mol kg(-1) LIHOPO, where retention was reduced to 39% and 1.6% of controls, respectively. Ar higher dosages, LIHOPO seemed to have a reverse effect on these tissues, demonstrated by a significant accumulation of the radionuclide. The delayed administration of LIHOPO dramatically decreased its efficacy. When administered 5 min after Np, LIHOPO was still efficient (60%, 37%, 7% of controls in bone, liver, kidneys, respectively) but not when treatment was delayed to 30 min. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that LIHOPO was able to complex Np at the wound site but nor after translocation to blood. C1 Inst Protect & Surete Nucl, Dept Protect Sante Homme & Dosimetrie, F-92265 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Chem Sci, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Paquet, F (reprint author), Inst Protect & Surete Nucl, Dept Protect Sante Homme & Dosimetrie, BP 6, F-92265 Fontenay Aux Roses, France. RI Eric, Ansoborlo/N-1809-2015 OI Eric, Ansoborlo/0000-0003-0523-3738 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 76 IS 1 BP 113 EP 117 PG 5 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 273TN UT WOS:000084723700013 PM 10665964 ER PT J AU Natesan, K Uz, M AF Natesan, K Uz, M TI Special issue: Refractory metals and alloys: A Symposium on Research, Development and Application - Selected papers from 1999 TMS Fall Meeting, 31 October-4 November, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA - Preface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Lafayette Coll, Easton, PA 18042 USA. RP Natesan, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-4368 J9 INT J REFRACT MET H JI Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mat. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4-5 SI SI BP III EP III DI 10.1016/S0263-4368(00)00050-0 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 396GL UT WOS:000166627900001 ER PT J AU Smith, DL Billone, MC Natesan, K AF Smith, DL Billone, MC Natesan, K TI Vanadium-base alloys for fusion first-wall/blanket applications SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Refractory Metals and Alloys: A Symposium on Research, Development and Appliations Held during the TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 1999 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Refractory Met & Mat Comm, Min Met & Mat Soc, Corros & Environm Effects Comm, Struct Mat Div, TMS DE vanadium alloys; irradiation effects; compatibility; mechanical properties; production/fabrication; fusion materials ID SWELLING BEHAVIOR; TI ALLOYS; IRRADIATION; HELIUM; MICROSTRUCTURE; FFTF AB Vanadium alloys have been identified as a leading candidate material for fusion first-wall/blanket applications. Certain vanadium alloys exhibit favorable safety and environmental characteristics. good fabricability high temperature and heat load capability, good compatibility with liquid metal coolants and resistance to irradiation damage. The current focus is on vanadium alloys with (3-9 wt%) Cr and (3-10 wt%) Ti with a V-4Cr 4Ti alloy as the reference composition. Substantial progress has been made in the development of vanadium alloys for the fusion first wall/blanket applications including production and welding, characterization of baseline properties, corrosion/compatibility. and effects of irradiation on the properties. This paper presents an overview of the development of vanadium alloys for fusion applications and a summary of key issues requiring further research. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Programme, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Fus Power Programme, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM dalesmith@anl.gov NR 69 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-4368 J9 INT J REFRACT MET H JI Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mat. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4-5 SI SI BP 213 EP 224 DI 10.1016/S0263-4368(00)00037-8 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 396GL UT WOS:000166627900004 ER PT J AU Xu, ZY Natesan, K Reed, CB Smith, DL AF Xu, ZY Natesan, K Reed, CB Smith, DL TI Procedure development of laser welding of V-Cr-4Ti alloy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Refractory Metals and Alloys: A Symposium on Research, Development and Appliations Held during the TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 1999 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Refractory Met & Mat Comm, Min Met & Mat Soc, Corros & Environm Effects Comm, Struct Mat Div, TMS DE vanadium alloys; laser welding; procedure development; bead-on-plate; microhardness AB V-4Cr-4Ti alloy is selected as the structure material for the first wall/blanket in a fusion power reactor. A systematic study was conducted to develop a laser welding procedure for fabrication of vanadium alloy for the first wall/blanket systems. A 1.6 kW pulsed Nd:YAG laser with fiber optic beam delivery was used to carry out the bead-on-plate welding on 4 mm thick V-4Cr-4Ti plates. The process parameters. such as laser schedule power settings, beam travel speed, and welding atmosphere control, and their effects on weld quality, such as weld depth, porosity, and oxygen uptake were studied. Results from metallurgical characterization of the welds are presented. An innovative laser welding procedure has been developed to obtain deep penetration, defect-free, and oxygen contamination-free welds. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Xu, ZY (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Bldg 308,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-4368 J9 INT J REFRACT MET H JI Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mat. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4-5 SI SI BP 231 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0263-4368(00)00038-X PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 396GL UT WOS:000166627900006 ER PT J AU DiStefano, JR Pint, BA DeVan, JH AF DiStefano, JR Pint, BA DeVan, JH TI Oxidation of refractory metals in air and low pressure oxygen gas SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Refractory Metals and Alloys: A Symposium on Research, Development and Appliations Held during the TMS Fall Meeting CY OCT 31-NOV 04, 1999 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Refractory Met & Mat Comm, Min Met & Mat Soc, Corros & Environm Effects Comm, Struct Mat Div, TMS AB Oxidation rates and effects of oxidation on mechanical properties of several refractory metal alloys were determined under a variety of temperature/pressure conditions. The alloys investigated were V-4Cr-4Ti, V-5Cr-5Ti, Nb 1Zr, Nb-1Zr-0.1 C, Ta-8W-1Re-0.7Hf-0.025C and Mo-46Re, Although none of these alloys form protective surface oxides. oxidation behavior and accompanying effects on mechanical behavior are quite different depending on whether oxidation results in external film formation, dissolution or internal oxidation, Data are presented on oxidation rate, microstructural development and effects on mechanical properties for the various alloys. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP DiStefano, JR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 18 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0263-4368 J9 INT J REFRACT MET H JI Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mat. PY 2000 VL 18 IS 4-5 SI SI BP 237 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S0263-4368(00)00026-3 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 396GL UT WOS:000166627900007 ER PT J AU Tsang, CF Myer, L AF Tsang, CF Myer, L TI Neville Cook - Special issue - Preface SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkely Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsang, CF (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkely Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 7 EP 8 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00087-8 PG 2 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 321LN UT WOS:000087457100002 ER PT J AU Wu, YS Pruess, K AF Wu, YS Pruess, K TI Integral solutions for transient fluid flow through a porous medium with pressure-dependent permeability SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Neville G W Cook Conference CY OCT 16-17, 1998 CL ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA HO ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB ID ROCK; LAW AB This paper presents an integral method for analyzing transient fluid flow through a porous medium, which has pressure-dependent permeability. Approximate analytical solutions have been obtained for one-dimensional linear and radial flow by an integral-solution technique, in which the density of the fluid, and the porosity and permeability of the formation, are treated as arbitrary functions of pressure. The integral solutions have been checked by comparison with exact solutions for constant-permeability cases and with numerical simulation results for general non-linear flow problems, and good agreement has been obtained for both cases. In the study of transient how of fluids through porous media, intrinsic or absolute permeability of the formation has often been treated as a constant in order to avoid solving a non-linear problem. The present work shows that the assumption of a pressure-independent permeability may introduce significant errors for flow in certain pressure sensitive media. Application of the integral solutions to slightly compressible fluid flow in a horizontal fracture set is illustrated. The calculations show that neglect of changes in fracture permeability leads to large errors under the condition of high injection pressure. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wu, YS (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wu, Yu-Shu/A-5800-2011 NR 30 TC 28 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00091-X PG 11 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 321LN UT WOS:000087457100012 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG Wang, HF AF Berryman, JG Wang, HF TI Elastic wave propagation and attenuation in a double-porosity dual-permeability medium SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Neville G W Cook Conference CY OCT 16-17, 1998 CL ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CA HO ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB ID SATURATED POROUS-MEDIA; COMPRESSIONAL-WAVE; CRACKED SOLIDS; FLUID; POROELASTICITY; ROCKS; DISSIPATION; TORTUOSITY; DISPERSION; TRANSPORT AB To account for large-volume low-permeability storage porosity and low-volume high-permeability fracture/crack porosity in oil and gas reservoirs, phenomenological equations for the poroelastic behavior of a double porosity medium have been formulated and the coefficients in these linear equations identified. This generalization from a single porosity model increases the number of independent inertial coefficients from three to six, the number of independent drag coefficients from three to six, and the number of independent stress-strain coefficients from three to six for an isotropic applied stress and assumed isotropy of the medium. The analysis leading to physical interpretations of the inertial and drag coefficients is relatively straightforward, whereas that for the stress-strain coefficients is more tedious. In a quasistatic analysis, the physical interpretations are based upon considerations of extremes in both spatial and temporal scales. The limit of very short times is the one most pertinent for wave propagation, and in this case both matrix porosity and fractures are expected to behave in an undrained fashion, although our analysis makes no assumptions in this regard. For the very long times more relevant to reservoir drawdown, the double porosity medium behaves as an equivalent single porosity medium. At the macroscopic spatial level, the pertinent parameters (such as the total compressibility) may be determined by appropriate field tests. At the mesoscopic scale, pertinent parameters of the rock matrix can be determined directly through laboratory measurements on core, and the compressibility can be measured for a single fracture. We show explicitly how to generalize the quasistatic results to incorporate wave propagation effects and how effects that are usually attributed to squirt now under partially saturated conditions can be explained alternatively in terms of the double-porosity model. The result is therefore a theory that generalizes, but is completely consistent with, Blot's theory of poroelasticity and is valid for analysis of elastic wave data from highly fractured reservoirs. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Geol & Geophys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808 L-200, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM berryman@s123.es.llnl.gov RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 50 TC 89 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 EI 1873-4545 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00092-1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 321LN UT WOS:000087457100013 ER PT J AU Rutqvist, J Tsang, CF Stephansson, O AF Rutqvist, J Tsang, CF Stephansson, O TI Uncertainty in the maximum principal stress estimated from hydraulic fracturing measurements due to the presence of the induced fracture SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Neville G W Cook Conference CY OCT 16-17, 1998 CL ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA HO ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB ID PRESSURE; FIELD AB The classical theory for hydraulic fracturing stress measurements assumes an ideal case with a linear elastic, homogenous, and isotropic medium; and a fracture that reopens distinctly when the minimum tangential borehole stress is exceeded. The induced fracture disturbs this ideal picture in several aspects, which are important for the evaluation of the maximum horizontal principal stress using the fracture reopening pressure. This disturbance can be attributed to the fracture normal stiffness and the initial hydraulic fracture permeability. In this paper, the hydraulic fracturing reopening test is studied by coupled hydromechanical modeling that takes into account an induced fracture that is incompletely closed. The result shows that with realistic equipment compliance, the apparent fracture reopening evaluated from the well-pressure is close to the magnitude of the minimum horizontal principal stress with little or no correlation to the maximum horizontal principal stress. This observation suggests that the determination of maximum principal stress by hydraulic fracturing using the reopening pressure is very uncertain. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Div Engn Geol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Rutqvist, J (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Rutqvist, Jonny/F-4957-2015 OI Rutqvist, Jonny/0000-0002-7949-9785 NR 19 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 120 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00097-0 PG 14 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 321LN UT WOS:000087457100016 ER PT J AU Nihei, KT Hilbert, LB Cook, NGW Nakagawa, S Myer, LR AF Nihei, KT Hilbert, LB Cook, NGW Nakagawa, S Myer, LR TI Frictional effects on the volumetric strain of sandstone SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Neville G W Cook Conference CY OCT 16-17, 1998 CL ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA HO ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB ID STRESS-INDUCED ANISOTROPY; NONLINEAR ELASTICITY; GRANULAR MEDIA; MODULI; ROCK; BEHAVIOR; SPHERES AB The contributions of frictional slip on the nonlinear, hysteretic deformation of sandstone in the reversible regime (i.e., prior to the onset of permanent deformation) for uniaxial strain compression are investigated through an analysis of a Hertz-Mindlin face-centered cubic sphere pack model and laboratory stress-strain tests on Berea sandstone. The analysis demonstrates that the dynamic(1) moduli are path-independent functions of the strain. The analysis also reveals that for uniaxial strain consolidation it is possible to decompose the volumetric strain into a path-independent contribution from nonlinear grain contact deformation and a path-dependent contribution from frictional (slip) compaction. Laboratory stress-strain measurements on Berea sandstone support these findings and, in addition, reveal that frictional compaction accounts for a significant portion of the volumetric strain of Berea sandstone. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Exponent, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Nihei, KT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Nakagawa, Seiji/F-9080-2015; Nihei, Kurt/K-1239-2016 OI Nakagawa, Seiji/0000-0002-9347-0903; NR 28 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 121 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00098-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 321LN UT WOS:000087457100017 ER PT J AU Gentier, S Riss, J Archambault, G Flamand, R Hopkins, D AF Gentier, S Riss, J Archambault, G Flamand, R Hopkins, D TI Influence of fracture geometry on shear behavior SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Neville G W Cook Conference CY OCT 16-17, 1998 CL ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CA HO ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB DE fracture geometry; fracture topography; geostatistics; image processing; jointed rock masses; kriging; directional gradient; rock joint; shear behavior; shear test; surface roughness AB Laboratory research during the past 10 years has explained many critical links between the geometrical characteristics of fractures and their hydraulic and mechanical behavior. One of the remaining research challenges is to directly link fracture geometry with shear behavior, including behavior in response to changes in normal stress and shear direction. This paper describes results from a series of shear tests performed on identical copies (replicas) of a natural granite fracture, Based on these tests, we developed a method using image processing techniques to identify and quantify damage that occurs during shearing. We find that there is a strong relationship between the fracture's geometry and its mechanical behavior under shear stress and the resulting damage. Using a three-dimensional geostatistical model of the fracture surfaces, we analyze the dependence of the size and location of damage zones on the local geometry and propose an algorithm for predicting areas that are most likely to be damaged during shearing in a given direction. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, F-45060 Orleans 2, France. Univ Bordeaux 1, CDGA, F-33405 Talence, France. Univ Quebec, CERM, Chicoutimi, PQ G7H 2B1, Canada. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gentier, S (reprint author), Bur Rech Geol & Minieres, 3 Ave Claude Guillemin,BP 6009, F-45060 Orleans 2, France. EM s.gentier@brgm.fr NR 15 TC 54 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1365-1609 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 161 EP 174 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00096-9 PG 14 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 321LN UT WOS:000087457100020 ER PT J AU Hopkins, DL AF Hopkins, DL TI The implications of joint deformation in analyzing the properties and behavior of fractured rock masses, underground excavations, and faults SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Neville G W Cook Conference CY OCT 16-17, 1998 CL ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA HO ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB ID SAN-ANDREAS FAULT; ROUGH SURFACES; NORMAL STRESS; FLUID-FLOW; HYDROMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; PLASTIC CONTACT; SAMPLE-SIZE; MODEL; EARTHQUAKES AB For a given stress state, joint deformation depends on the joint's geometry, including surface roughness, spatial geometry of the contact area, and large-scale topographical features such as dips. Under normal stress, contacting asperities compress, and the half spaces bounding the joint are deformed. A very significant consequence of half-space deformation is that it allows mechanical interaction among all contact points between the joint surfaces. As a result, the contact area's overall spatial geometry plays an important role in determining the distribution of stress across joint surfaces and the change in geometry of the void space between surfaces that occurs with changes in stress. Mechanical interaction among contact points is important in determining normal joint stiffness: two joints with the same total contact area can have substantially different stiffnesses depending on the spatial geometry of their contact areas. Modeling results indicate that joints with small contact areas uniformly distributed across the surfaces can be nearly as stiff as a perfectly mated interface. These results have significant implications for almost ally endeavor in fractured rock, including designing underground excavations, predicting the hydraulic response of a rock mass to changes in stress, understanding the deformation and failure of joints under shear stress, and analyzing the stability of faults. In underground excavations, for example, deformation of the roof and floor means that the load acting on any supporting pillar and the distribution of stress throughout the pillar depend on: the pillar's size and shape; the size, shape, and proximity of neighboring pillars: and the spatial geometry of the pillar array. Purely elastic deformation can lead to either catastrophic or progressive failure. Similarly, to accurately predict fluid flow through jointed rock, changes in void space geometry that result from changes in stress must be considered; these changes in geometry are not predicted by methods that assume that aperture changes uniformly across the joint. For joints and faults, the nonuniform distribution of normal and shear stresses resulting from surface roughness and mechanical interaction between contact points suggests a progressive form of shear failure. Failure is initiated at points of low normal stress and propagates as stress from failed asperities is redistributed to neighboring asperities. Consistent with observations on many faults, modeling and analytical results predict that earthquakes on a fault would be clustered in time and space because of mechanical interaction between persistent asperities. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hopkins, DL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Engn, MS 46A-1123,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 132 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 175 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00100-8 PG 28 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 321LN UT WOS:000087457100021 ER PT J AU Nakagawa, S Nihei, KT Myer, LR AF Nakagawa, S Nihei, KT Myer, LR TI Shear-induced conversion of seismic waves across single fractures SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Neville G W Cook Conference CY OCT 16-17, 1998 CL ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA HO ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB ID CONTACTING SURFACES; ELASTIC PROPERTIES; ROCK JOINTS; TRANSMISSION; FRICTION; CLOSURE; LOADS; SLIP AB Elastic wave conversions across a fracture in rock subjected to shear stress are observed during laboratory ultrasonictransmission tests. Compressional waves (P-waves) and shear waves (S-waves) normally incident on a sheared fracture are partially converted to waves with particle motions that are not present in the incident waves. The amplitudes of the converted waves increase significantly with increasing shear stress applied to the fracture. The particle motion of the converted wave changes its phase by 180 degrees when the direction of the sheer is reversed. These wave behaviors can be explained by adding the coupling (dilational) components in the fracture stiffness matrix of the displacement-discontinuity boundary conditions for a non-welded interface. The shear-induced wave conversion presented in this paper has a wide range of potential applications for monitoring and determining the magnitude of shear stress acting on fractures in geologic and engineered materials. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nakagawa, S (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Ms 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Nakagawa, Seiji/F-9080-2015; Nihei, Kurt/K-1239-2016 OI Nakagawa, Seiji/0000-0002-9347-0903; NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 203 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00101-X PG 16 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 321LN UT WOS:000087457100022 ER PT J AU Myer, LR AF Myer, LR TI Fractures as collections of cracks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Neville G W Cook Conference CY OCT 16-17, 1998 CL ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA HO ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB ID ELASTIC-WAVES; PERIODIC ARRAY; ROCK FRACTURE; CHANNEL MODEL; REFLECTION; MEDIA; FLOW; TRANSMISSION; BEHAVIOR; STRESS AB A single fracture can be thought of as two rough surfaces in partial contact. Observations show that the noncontacting regions are patches of widely varying size and shape which are characterized by an aperture which is much less than any of the in-plane dimensions. A further idealization is therefore to assume that the regions of contact are "welded" and the noncontacting patches are replaced by cracks. The deformation of cracks arranged in simple two-dimensional (2-D) geometries can be described analytically. Solutions for noninteracting and interacting cracks are reviewed, and the analogy with solutions for ubiquitously cracked "intact" rock is discussed. Using the model of a fracture as a two-dimensional collection of cracks, expressions for fracture stiffness, flow of a single phase fluid through a fracture, and propagation of elastic waves across a fracture are formulated. Comparison with observations shows that this simple model provides a consistent description of many first order attributes of the mechanical deformation and fluid flow in fractures under normal stress, and the velocity and amplitude of seismic waves propagating in fractured rock. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Myer, LR (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 39 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 231 EP 243 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00103-3 PG 13 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 321LN UT WOS:000087457100024 ER PT J AU Wawersik, WR AF Wawersik, WR TI The value of laboratory experiments for code validations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Neville G W Cook Conference CY OCT 16-17, 1998 CL ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA HO ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB ID GRANULAR MATERIAL; MODEL; ROCK AB The validation of numerical codes used for rock mechanics and rock engineering involves establishing whether the codes do indeed represent reality. This is difficult to establish using full-scale field tests, and so initial validation using laboratory tests is recommended. In laboratory tests, the number of variables and the boundary conditions can be controlled. Good validation experiments will enhance confidence in the. codes and indicate where problems might arise when they are used to simulate full scale ill situ engineering. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geomech Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wawersik, WR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geomech Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 307 EP 316 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00108-2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 321LN UT WOS:000087457100029 ER PT J AU Tsang, YW AF Tsang, YW TI A field study for understanding thermally driven coupled processes in partially saturated fractured welded tuff SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Neville G W Cook Conference CY OCT 16-17, 1998 CL ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA HO ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB DE thermal; hydrological; fractured rock; field test; Yucca Mountain AB As part of a multi-laboratory team, we are carrying out two in situ thermal tests - the single Heater Test and Drift Scale Test, in an underground facility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, USA, the proposed site for a high-level nuclear waste repository. Our objective in these tests is to gain a more in-depth understanding of the coupled thermal-hydrological-mechanical-chemical processes likely to exist in the fractured rock mass around a geological repository. These coupled processes are monitored continuously by numerous sensors emplaced in boreholes. while cross-hole radar tomography, neutron logging, electrical resistivity tomography, and interference air-permeability tests all serve to measure moisture change in the rock mass. Thermal-hydrological processes for both tests have been simulated (using a 3-D numerical model) and compared to the extensive data set. In this paper, we present examples to illustrate how an iterative approach requiring close integration of modeling and measurements enables us to track the complex coupled processes we seek to understand. The main manifestation of coupled thermal-hydrological processes is in the time evolution of the drying and condensation zones. Good agreement exists between model predictions and measurements, specifically the decrease in air-permeability values within zones of increased liquid saturation in the fractures and the increase of radar velocity in cross-hole radar survey in zones of decreased matrix liquid saturation. A heat-pipe signature in the temperature data arising from liquid-vapor counter-flow occurs in both the measurements and simulated results. The good agreement between predictions from the numerical simulations and measurements in the thermal tests indicates that our basic understanding of the thermal-hydrological processes in a potential repository at Yucca Mountain is sound. However, detailed behavior is impacted by site-specific heterogeneity, in the form of discrete fractures that are not likely to be predictable a priori. One emphasis of the on-going Drift Scale Test is to build on the present understanding and to assess the impact of heterogeneity to the repository performance. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tsang, YW (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, MS90-1116,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 337 EP 356 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00110-0 PG 20 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 321LN UT WOS:000087457100031 ER PT J AU Cook, P AF Cook, P TI In situ pneumatic testing at Yucca Mountain SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Neville G W Cook Conference CY OCT 16-17, 1998 CL ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA HO ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB AB The Yucca Mountain site in Nevada is a potential site for a geologic high-level nuclear waste repository. The proposed repository location is in the unsaturated zone in the mountain. Fluid flow through the fractured tuff repository rock is the potential transport mechanism for radionuclides from nuclear waste to the environment. This flow is believed to be predominantly confined to the fractures, which means that an understanding of how fracture systems transport fluids is essential to determining how fast and in what quantities fluids will travel through the rock. As part of an ambient testing program for the site characterization project at Yucca Mountain, the unsaturated zone is under investigation to examine the fluid Row and transport characteristics of the fractured tuff. The size and number of connections between fractures are characteristics that affect flow and how Row call travel in networks of fractures. To determine these potential flow paths in the fracture system, site investigators use automatically controlled packer assemblies to seal clusters of boreholes drilled into the rock, enabling injection of air into specific locations while monitoring pressure responses at other locations. Tests have been performed both before and after major excavations near the test locations, enabling study of the mechanical effects of construction on local permeability. To date, an estimated 3500 separate air injections have been undertaken and nearly a quarter of a million pressure-response curves have been logged in the study. The number of tests lends itself to visualization and statistical examination of the flow connections and the distributions of permeability in the rock mass. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cook, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 357 EP 367 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00111-2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 321LN UT WOS:000087457100032 ER PT J AU Witherspoon, PA AF Witherspoon, PA TI The Stripa project SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Neville G W Cook Conference CY OCT 16-17, 1998 CL ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA HO ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB AB The Stripa project, which took place in the late 1970s and early 1980s, involved a series of in situ experiments with the objective of investigating the mechanical and hydrogeological behavior of granitic rocks - in the context of their potential to host a radioactive waste repository. The historical and scientific aspects of the project are reviewed here with the emphasis on Neville Cook's contribution to the work. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Witherspoon, PA (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 385 EP 396 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00113-6 PG 12 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 321LN UT WOS:000087457100034 ER PT J AU Tsang, CF Stephansson, O Hudson, JA AF Tsang, CF Stephansson, O Hudson, JA TI A discussion of thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) processes associated with nuclear waste repositories SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Neville G W Cook Conference CY OCT 16-17, 1998 CL ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA HO ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB AB The design of a nuclear waste repository involves modeling a complex system of physical mechanisms that operate over a long period of time. The perturbations caused by both the engineering excavation and the waste heat have to be modeled, taking into account the short and long term thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) processes. In this paper, we discuss the approach philosophy and we comment on heterogeneity, multi-stage data needs and modeling phases. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ernest Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Engn Geol, Stockholm, Sweden. Rock Engn Consultants, Welwyn Garden City, Herts, England. RP Tsang, CF (reprint author), Ernest Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0148-9062 J9 INT J ROCK MECH MIN JI Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 397 EP 402 DI 10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00114-8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Geological; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 321LN UT WOS:000087457100035 ER PT J AU Christensen, RM AF Christensen, RM TI Mechanics of cellular and other low-density materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC PROPERTIES; FOAMS; COMPRESSION; BEHAVIOR; MORPHOLOGY; AEROGELS; MODULUS; SOLIDS; RATIO; CELLS AB Both two-dimensional and three-dimensional low density materials are surveyed. The microstructure is usually in a cellular form with some characteristic dimension(s) being small compared to the cell size and with the density range approaching that at which the loss of material integrity occurs. The mechanical properties of stiffness and strength are considered, along with applications and future opportunities. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Christensen, RM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 55 TC 113 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(99)00080-3 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 245UW UT WOS:000083127400009 ER PT J AU Ritchie, RO Gilbert, CJ McNaney, JM AF Ritchie, RO Gilbert, CJ McNaney, JM TI Mechanics and mechanisms of fatigue damage and crack growth in advanced materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE fatigue-crack growth; crack-tip shielding; ceramics; intermetallics ID INTERMETALLIC MATRIX COMPOSITES; CYCLIC FATIGUE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; SILICON-CARBIDE; POLYCRYSTALLINE ALUMINA; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; MONOLITHIC ALUMINA; FRICTIONAL-WEAR; CURVE BEHAVIOR; CERAMICS AB The mechanisms of fatigue-crack propagation in ceramics and intermetallics are examined through a comparison of cyclic crack-growth behavior in ductile and brittle materials. Crack growth is considered to be a mutual competition between intrinsic mechanisms of crack advance ahead of the crack tip, which promote crack growth, and extrinsic mechanisms of crack-tip shielding behind the tip, which impede it. In this paper, we examine and model the widely differing nature of these mechanisms, with emphasis on behavior in ceramics at ambient and elevated temperatures, and compare their specific dependencies upon the alternating and maximum driving forces (e.g., Delta K and K-max), thereby providing a useful distinction of the process of fatigue-crack propagation in these different classes of materials. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 463 Evans Hall 1760, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; McNaney, James/F-5258-2013 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; NR 53 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 37 IS 1-2 BP 311 EP 329 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(99)00096-7 PG 19 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 245UW UT WOS:000083127400024 ER PT J AU Johnson, MS Ferguson, JW Holladay, SD AF Johnson, MS Ferguson, JW Holladay, SD TI Immune effects of oral 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) exposure to the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immune; Peromyscus; phagocytosis; spleen; TNT; thymus ID TOXIC-CHEMICALS; TRINITROTOLUENE; PHAGOCYTOSIS; RATS; SYSTEM; MICE; DOGS; FISH AB Immune toxicity associated with exposure to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in a 14-day feeding study was examined in male and female white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), Mice (10/group/sex) were exposed to 0, 0.042, 0.083, 0.165, and 0.330% TNT in feed for 14 days, Based upon average feed consumption and body weight, these diets resulted in approximate daily doses of 66, 145, 275, and 601 mg TNT/kg body weight (bw) for males and 70, 142, 283, and 550 mg/kg/day for females. At the end of the exposure period the mice were euthanized and several indicators of nonspecific immunity were examined. These indicators included primary and secondary lymphoid organ/body weight ratio (spleen and thymus), and characterization of nonspecific immune responses (phagocytosis and radical oxygen intermediate [ROI] production). No deaths occurred, even though the high-dose group approached the reported LD50 in Swiss-Webster mice (Dilley et al, 1982. Toxicol. Environ. Health 9:565-585), Spleen weight was significantly increased in the high-dose group (0.330% TNT) for both sexes, whereas a dose-related trend in thymus cellularity was suggestive for males, but not females. In addition, males, but not females, displayed inhibited splenic macrophage phagocytosis and ROI production. Splenic congestion and extramedullary hematopoiesis were observed in both sexes in the two highest dose groups. These results suggest species-specific differences in relative subacute toxicity between laboratory (genus Mus) and Nearctic (genus Peromyscus) mice. In addition, these immunological indicators appear more sensitive than other toxicological endpoints that have been reported as most descriptive of TNT-related effects in mammals. C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Toxicol Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Johnson, MS (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Toxicol Directorate, 5158 Blackhawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 19 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 295JX UT WOS:000085963900002 ER PT J AU Allenby, BR AF Allenby, BR TI Environmental security: Concept and implementation SO INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CONFLICT AB Environmental security, a relatively new and still somewhat contentious concept, may be defined as the intersection of environmental and national security considerations at a national policy level. It may be understood as a result of several important trends. One, of course, is the breakdown of the bipolar geopolitical structure that characterized the cold war. A second, less visible to many in the policy community, is the shift of environment from compliance and remediation to strategic for society. This process is occurring at many different scales, from implementation of Design for Environment methodologies within firms, to integration of environmental and trade considerations in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Taken together, these trends suggest that environmental security may be an important evolution of national state and international policy systems. If this is to occur, however, the concept must be defined with sufficient rigor to support an operational program. C1 AT&T, Warren, NJ 07059 USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Int & Publ Affairs, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Allenby, BR (reprint author), AT&T, 20 Independence Bvd, Warren, NJ 07059 USA. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4PU, ENGLAND SN 0192-5121 J9 INT POLIT SCI REV JI Int. Polit. Sci. Rev. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 21 IS 1 BP 5 EP 21 DI 10.1177/0192512100211001 PG 17 WC Political Science SC Government & Law GA 276MD UT WOS:000084880800001 ER PT B AU Naus, DJ Braverman, JI Miller, CA Ellingwood, BR Hofmayer, CH AF Naus, DJ Braverman, JI Miller, CA Ellingwood, BR Hofmayer, CH BE Naus, D TI Factors related to degradation of nuclear power plant concrete structures SO INTERNATIONAL RILEM WORKSHOP ON LIFE PREDICTION AND AGING MANAGEMENT OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES SE RILEM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International RILEM Workshop on Life Prediction and Aging Management of Concrete Structures CY OCT 16-17, 2000 CL CANNES, FRANCE SP RILEM, CERIB, Inst Construct Sci, Eduardo Torroja ID CORROSION; CRACKING AB All commercial nuclear power plants (NPPs) contain concrete structures whose performance and function are necessary for protection of the safety of plant operating personnel and the general public. Aging of these structures occurs with the passage of time and has the potential, if its effects are not controlled, to affect the engineering properties, structural resistance/capacity, failure mode, and location of failure initiation, which in turn may impact the ability of the structures to withstand various challenges in service from operating conditions, the natural environment, and accidents. Background information and data have been developed for improving and developing methods to assess the effects of degradation on the performance of NPP reinforced concrete structures, including fragility evaluations. Factors that can lead to degradation of reinforced concrete structures are identified and their manifestations described. Methods used to assess and quantify degradation are summarized. An approach for condition assessments of reinforced concrete structures in NPPs is presented. Criteria, based primarily on visual indications, are provided to assist in classification and assessment of concrete degradation. Finally, degradation effects on concrete beams are quantified through fragility curves developed for both undegraded and degraded conditions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Naus, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU R I L E M PUBLICATIONS PI BAGNEUX PA 157 RUE DES BLAINS, 92220 BAGNEUX, FRANCE BN 2-912143-19-5 J9 RILEM PROC PY 2000 VL 16 BP 143 EP 154 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS14G UT WOS:000168821500013 ER PT S AU Shaevitz, MH AF Shaevitz, MH BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI What's the matter? Physics opportunities and future facilities SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF AB Particle and nuclear physics are coming into interesting times over the next decade. Many studies will probe the existence, interactions, and source of matter. This paper will cover investigations at exisiting and future facilities of neutrino mass, studies of QCD and the quark-gluon plasma, and the search for the Higgs boson along with other new types of matter. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Shaevitz, MH (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 201 EP 210 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000015 ER PT S AU Bjorken, JD AF Bjorken, JD BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI Intersections 2000: What's new in hadron physics SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF ID SCATTERING AB Hadron physics is that part of QCD dealing with hadron structure and vacuum structure, almost all of which is nonperturbative in nature. Some of the open problems in this field are outlined. We argue that hadron physics is a distinct subfield, no longer within particle physics, and not at all the same as classical nuclear physics. We believe that it needs to be better organized, and that a first step in doing so might be to establish hadron physics as a new division within the American Physical Society. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bjorken, JD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 211 EP 229 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000016 ER PT S AU Burakovsky, L Page, PR AF Burakovsky, L Page, PR BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI Pseudovector mesons, hybrids and glueballs SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF ID DECAY AB We consider glueball- (hybrid) meson mixing for the low-lying four pseudovector states. The h(1)'(1380) decays dominantly to K*K with some presence in p pi and w eta The newly observed h(1)(1600) has a D- to S-wave width ratio to w eta which does not enable differentiation between a conventional and hybrid meson interpretation. We predict the decay pattern of the isopartner conventional or hybrid meson b(1)(1650). A notably narrow epsilon(S) over bar partner h(1)'(1810) is predicted. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burakovsky, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 249 EP 254 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000021 ER PT S AU Jeon, S AF Jeon, S BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI Pb-Pb at 158GeV results from a theorist's view SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF ID QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; ENHANCEMENT AB The objective of this talk is to give a short critical review of Pb-Pb at 158 GeV results obtained by CERN SPS. The emphasis are given to the strangeness enhancement and the anomalous J/psi suppression. I argue that the results obtained so far does not support a firm conclusion. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jeon, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 337 EP 340 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000041 ER PT S AU Page, PR Goldman, T Ginocchio, JN AF Page, PR Goldman, T Ginocchio, JN BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI Pseudospin symmetry in nuclei, spin symmetry in hadrons SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF AB Ginocchio argued that chiral symmetry breaking in QCD is responsible for the relativistic pseudospin symmetry in the Dirac equation, explaining the observed approximate pseudospin symmetry in sizable nuclei. On a much smaller scale, it is known that spin-orbit splittings in hadrons are small. Specifically, new experimental data from CLEO indicate small splittings in D-mesons. For heavy-light mesons we identify a cousin of pseudospin symmetry that suppresses these splittings in the Dirac equation, known as spin symmetry. We suggest an experimental test of the implications of spin symmetry for wave functions in electron-positron annihilation. We investigate how QCD can give rise to two different dynamical symmetries on nuclear and hadronic scales. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Page, PR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS-B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 471 EP 474 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000071 ER PT S AU De Schepper, D AF De Schepper, D CA HERMES Collaboration BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI A ring imaging Cerenkov for HERMES SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP De Schepper, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 547 EP 548 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000087 ER PT S AU Hiller, G AF Hiller, G BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI b -> sl(+)l(-) decays in and beyond the Standard Model SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF ID BRANCHING RATIO; B->X(S)L(+)L(-); B->S-GAMMA; ASYMMETRY; QCD; SEARCH AB We briefly review the status of rare radiative and semileptonic b --> s(gamma ,l(+)l(-)), (l = e, mu) decays. We discuss possible signatures of new physics in these modes and emphazise the role of the exclusive channels. In particular, measurements of the Forward-Backward asymmetry in B --> K*l(+)l(-) decays and its zero provide a clean test of the Standard Model, complementary to studies in b --> s gamma decays. Further, the Forward-Backward CP asymmetry in B --> K*l(+)l(-) decays is sensitive to possible non-standard sources of CP violation mediated by flavor changing neutral current Z-penguins. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Hiller, G (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 614 EP 618 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000101 ER PT S AU Vogelsang, W AF Vogelsang, W BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI Spin asymmetries in polarized hadron collisions and the polarized gluon density SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF ID TO-LEADING-ORDER; PROMPT PHOTON PRODUCTION; JET CROSS-SECTIONS; QCD; RESUMMATION; SCATTERING; PROTON; SINGLE AB We consider spin asymmetries for prompt photon production and jet production in collisions of longitudinally polarized hadrons. These reactions will be key tools at the BNL-RHIC (p) over right arrow(p) over right arrow collider for determining the gluon spin density in a polarized proton. We study the effects of QCD corrections to the corresponding cross sections. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, BNL, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 676 EP 680 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000116 ER PT S AU Goto, Y AF Goto, Y CA PHENIX Collaboration BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI Sensitivities of the gluon polarization measurement at PHENIX SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF ID QUARK DISTRIBUTIONS; NUCLEON; PHYSICS AB We plan to perform direct measurements of the gluon polarization, Deltag(x), in the proton using polarized proton collisions at RHIC. The measurements are carried out by probing gluon+quark and gluon+gluon reactions with the PHENIX detector system. Sensitivities to the gluon polarization in prompt photon and pion production measurements are discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Goto, Y (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 685 EP 688 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000118 ER PT S AU Boer, D AF Boer, D BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI Transversely polarized Lambda production SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF ID E(+)E(-) ANNIHILATION; SPIN ASYMMETRIES; ORDER 1/Q; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Transversely polarized Lambda production in hard scattering processes is discussed in terms of a leading twist T-odd fragmentation function which describes the fragmentation of an unpolarized quark into a transversely polarized Lambda. We focus on the properties of this function and its relevance for the RHIC and HERMES experiments. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Boer, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 701 EP 704 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000122 ER PT S AU James, C AF James, C BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI Upcoming neutrino oscillation experiments at Fermilab SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF AB Two experiments to investigate neutrino oscillations are now under construction at Fermilab. An overview of the experiments is given. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP James, C (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 777 EP 780 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000137 ER PT S AU Parsa, Z AF Parsa, Z BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI Neutrino Factories - Physics potentials SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF ID OSCILLATION EXPERIMENTS; CP VIOLATION; MUON COLLIDER; MATTER; MAJORANA AB The recent results from Super-Kamiokande atmospheric and solar neutrino observations opens a new era in neutrino physics and has sparked a considerable interest in the physics possibilities with a Neutrino Factory based on the muon storage ring. We present physics opportunities at a Neutrino Factory, and prospects of Neutrino oscillation experiments. Using the precisely known flavor composition of the beam, one could envision an extensive program to measure the neutrino oscillation mixing matrix, including possible CP violating effects. These and Neutrino Interaction Rates for examples of a Neutrino Factory at BNL (and FNAL) with detectors at Gran Sasso, SLAG and Sudan are also presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept 510 A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Parsa, Z (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept 510 A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 781 EP 789 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000138 ER PT S AU Parsa, Z AF Parsa, Z BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI Muon sources SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF AB A full high energy muon collider may take considerable time to realize. However, intermediate steps in its direction are possible and could help facilitate the process. Employing an intense muon source to carry out forefront low energy research, such as the search for muon - number non - conservation, represents one interesting possibility. For example, the MECO proposal at BNL aims for 2 x 10(-17) sensitivity in their search for coherent muon - electron conversion in the field of a nucleus. To reach that goal requires the production, capture and stopping of muons at an unprecedented 10(11) mu /sec. If successful, such an effort would significantly advance the state of muon technology. More ambitious ideas for utilizing high intensity muon sources are also being explored. Building a muon storage ring for the purpose of providing intense high energy neutrino beams is particularly exciting. We present an overview of muon sources and example of a muon storage ring based Neutrino Factory at BNL with various detector location possibilities. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept 510 A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept 510 A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM parsa@bnl.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 831 EP 840 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000147 ER PT S AU Langenegger, U AF Langenegger, U CA BABAR Collaboration BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI Performance of the BABAR detector SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF AB The performance of the BABAR experiment at SLAC as of May 2000 is presented. The asymmetric e(+)e(-) accelerator PEP-II achieved record luminosities in very short time and has delivered more than 9fb(-1) so far, half of which has been analyzed. This data set is used for a detailed study of all the detector subsystems and the preparation of a multitude of analyses. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Langenegger, U (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, POB 4349,MS 95, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 844 EP 847 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000149 ER PT S AU Kettell, SH AF Kettell, SH BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI Future kaon programs at BNL, FNAL SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF ID K-L->PI(0)NU(NU)OVER-BAR; DECAYS AB Future kaon decay programs at BNL and FNAL are discussed. The primary focus of these programs is the measurement of the golden modes, K-L(0) --> pi degrees nu<()over bar> and K+-->pi (+)nu<()over bar>. The observation of K+ --> pi (+)nu<()over bar> by E787 at BNL is the first step in a series of measurements which will completely determine the unitarity triangle within the kaon system. The next step after E787 in the measurement of B(K+ --> pi (+)nu<()over bar>) will be the E949 experiment at BNL that is currently under construction. This experiment, building on the experience of E787 and making use of the intense AGS proton beam, is scheduled to run in FY01-03 and to observe O(10) SM events with a small and well-understood background. The proposed CKM experiment at FNAL would take the next step, using a decay-in-flight technique and a 22 GeV/c RF-separated kaon beam from the Main Injector, to observe O(100) SM events. At the same time, two concepts for the measurement of B(K-L(0) --> pi degrees nu<()over bar>) have been developed. One of these, building on the experience of KTeV with a 'pencil' K-L beam, has been proposed at FNAL as KAMI. The other, with a measurement of the kaon momentum in a large angle K-L beam derived from a bunched proton beam, has been proposed at BNL as KOPIO. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kettell, SH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 858 EP 863 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000152 ER PT S AU Woods, M AF Woods, M CA E158 Collaboration BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI SLAC E158: An experiment to measure parity violation in Moller scattering SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF AB The E158 experiment at SLAG will make the first measurement of parity violation in Moller scattering. The left-right cross-section asymmetry (A(LR)) in the elastic scattering of a 45-GeV polarized electron beam with unpolarized electrons in a liquid hydrogen target will be measured. This will give a precise measurement of the weak mixing angle, with delta (sin(2) theta (eff)(W)) approximate to 0.0008 (at Q(2) = 0.03GeV(2)). C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Woods, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 910 EP 912 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000165 ER PT S AU Czarnecki, A Marciano, WJ Melnikov, K AF Czarnecki, A Marciano, WJ Melnikov, K BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI Muon-electron conversion in nuclei SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF ID COHERENT AB Transition rates for coherent muon-electron conversion in the held of a nucleus (muonic atoms), muN --> eN, are computed for various possible muon-number violating amplitudes. Attention is paid to relativistic atomic effects, Coulomb wavefunction distortions, finite nuclear size, and nucleon distributions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Czarnecki, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 938 EP 941 PG 2 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000173 ER PT S AU Kettell, SH AF Kettell, SH BE Parsa, Z Marciano, WJ TI Measurement of B(K+ -> pi(+) nu(nu)over-bar) SO INTERSECTIONS OF PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics (CIPANP 2000) CY MAY 22-28, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP BNL, FNAL, IUCF, JLAB, LANL, MIT-Bates, NSF, TRIUMF ID ENDCAP PHOTON DETECTOR; 500 MHZ; SEARCH; DECAYS AB The experimental measurement of K+ --> pi (+)nu<()over bar> is reviewed. New results from experiment E787 at BNL are presented: with data from 1995-97 the branching ratio has been measured to be B(K+ --> pi (+)nu<()over bar>) = (1.5(-1.2)(+3.4)) x 10(-10). The future prospects for additional data in this mode are examined. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kettell, SH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-978-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2000 VL 549 BP 961 EP 965 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BR46F UT WOS:000166474000179 ER PT B AU Lowe, TC Valiev, RZ AF Lowe, TC Valiev, RZ BE Lowe, TC Valiev, RZ TI Investigations and applications of severe plastic deformation - Introduction SO INVESTIGATIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 3: HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Investigations and Applications of Severe Plastic Deformation CY AUG 02-07, 1999 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP NATO C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6281-0; 0-7923-6280-2 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 3 HI PY 2000 VL 80 BP XIII EP XIX PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BR79L UT WOS:000167556400001 ER PT B AU Lowe, TC Zhu, YT Semiatin, SL Berg, DR AF Lowe, TC Zhu, YT Semiatin, SL Berg, DR BE Lowe, TC Valiev, RZ TI Overview and outlook for materials processed by severe plastic deformation SO INVESTIGATIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 3: HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Investigations and Applications of Severe Plastic Deformation CY AUG 02-07, 1999 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP NATO ID CHANNEL ANGULAR EXTRUSION; GRAINED MATERIALS; COPPER; CONSOLIDATION; BEHAVIOR; POWDERS; ALLOY; CU AB The status and prospectus for severely deformed materials are overviewed from the perspective of interrelated trends in materials characterization, modeling, and processing. Technological drivers for accelerating the development of these materials are summarized. Technological barriers to understanding and applying severely deformed materials are highlighted. Recommendations are made to direct future work, including facilitation of more rapid commercialization. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lowe, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Zhu, Yuntian/B-3021-2008; SEMIATIN, SHELDON/E-7264-2017 OI Zhu, Yuntian/0000-0002-5961-7422; NR 34 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6280-2 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 3 HI PY 2000 VL 80 BP 347 EP 356 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BR79L UT WOS:000167556400046 ER PT B AU Lesuer, DR Syn, CK Oleg, OD AF Lesuer, DR Syn, CK Oleg, OD BE Lowe, TC Valiev, RZ TI Influence of severe plastic deformation on the structure and properties of ultrahigh-carbon steel wire SO INVESTIGATIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 3: HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Investigations and Applications of Severe Plastic Deformation CY AUG 02-07, 1999 CL MOSCOW, RUSSIA SP NATO AB Ultrahigh-carbon steel wire can achieve very high strength after severe plastic deformation, because of the fine, stable substructures produced. Tensile strengths approaching 6000 MPa are predicted for UHCS containing 1.8%C. This paper discusses the microstructural evolution during drawing of UHCS wire, the resulting strength produced and the strengthening mechanisms active in these materials. Drawing produces considerable alignment of the pearlite plates. Dislocation cells develop within the ferrite plates and, with increasing strain, the size normal to the axis (d) decreases. These dislocation cells resist dynamic recovery during wire drawing and thus extremely fine substructures can be developed (d < 10 nm). Increasing the carbon content reduces the mean free ferrite path in the as-patented wire and the cell size developed during drawing. For UHCS, the strength varies as d(-n), where n is 0.5 to 1. The influence of processing and composition on achieving high strength in these wires during severe plastic deformation is discussed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lesuer, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6280-2 J9 NATO SCI S PRT 3 HI PY 2000 VL 80 BP 357 EP 366 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BR79L UT WOS:000167556400047 ER PT B AU Knudson, FL AF Knudson, FL BE Cibbarelli, PR Nixon, C TI Database-driven electronic journal web pages SO IOLS 2000: INTEGRATED ONLINE LIBRARY SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th National Conference on Integrated Online Library Systems CY MAY 17-18, 2000 CL NEW YORK, NY SP Informat Today Inc DE electronic journals; metadata; OPAC AB Electronic journals have become a very integral part of the Los Alamos National Laboratory Research Library's collection. Managing the metadata associated with electronic journals-URLs, passwords, holdings, etc. - can quickly become an overwhelming task. The Research Library stores all of the electronic journal metadata in the online catalog. The data is then exported to build the electronic journal web pages. Having one place to store all of this information has facilitated the growth of our electronic journal collection and has also increased access points for electronic journals for our customers. This paper covers the steps to implement this database-driven model, the lessons learned, and the ever-increasing benefits of this model. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lib Walls, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMATION TODAY INC PI MEDFORD PA 143 OLD MARLTON PIKE, MEDFORD, NJ 08055 USA BN 1-57387-096-X PY 2000 BP 65 EP 71 PG 3 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA BQ98N UT WOS:000165278800007 ER PT B AU George, EP Liu, CT AF George, EP Liu, CT BE Ohriner, EK Lanam, RD Panfilov, P Harada, H TI Micro- and macro-alloying of Ir-base alloys SO IRIDIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Iridium held during the 2000 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc ID BORON-DOPED NI3AL; FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; TEMPERATURE DUCTILITY; IMPACT DUCTILITY; IRIDIUM ALLOYS; SEGREGATION; ENVIRONMENT; ADDITIONS AB We review here the effects of several micro- and macro-alloying elements on the physical metallurgy and mechanical properties of iridium alloys. Microalloying elements are effective even when present at very low levels (on the order of tens of ppm), whereas macroalloying additions require higher concentrations for their effects to become evident. Both beneficial as well as harmful alloying elements have been identified in iridium. The alloying elements discussed in this paper include hafnium and tungsten which are examples of beneficial macroalloying additions that increase the strength of iridium; thorium and cerium, two beneficial microalloying additions that improve ductility, especially at high strain rates; and phosphorus and silicon which are examples of harmful elements that severely embrittle iridium at elevated temperatures and high strain rates. Wherever possible, the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for the observed effects are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP George, EP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014 NR 46 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-461-5 PY 2000 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ43D UT WOS:000088357100001 ER PT B AU McKamey, CG George, EP Lee, EH Cohron, JW Gubbi, AN Wright, JL AF McKamey, CG George, EP Lee, EH Cohron, JW Gubbi, AN Wright, JL BE Ohriner, EK Lanam, RD Panfilov, P Harada, H TI Effect of a low partial pressure of oxygen on the grain growth characteristics of iridium alloys SO IRIDIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Iridium held during the 2000 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc AB The grain-growth behavior of an Ir-0.3 wt.% W alloy in low-pressure oxygen-containing atmospheres was studied. This alloy, designated DOP-26, is used in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs). A small amount of added thorium (similar to 60 wppm) improves the high-temperature high-strain-rate tensile properties through two different mechanisms: (1) by segregating to and strengthening the grain boundaries and (2) by forming Ir5Th precipitates in the matrix which refine grain size. Earlier studies showed that, in an atmosphere containing a low partial pressure of oxygen (on the order of 1 mPa), the dissolution of the Ir5Th precipitates and diffusion of thorium to the surface to form ThO2 is thermodynamically favorable, leading to anomalous growth of near-surface grains and reduced high-temperature impact ductility. In this study, specimens were exposed to oxygen partial pressures of 1.3 and 13.3 mPa at temperatures of 1230, 1280, and 1330 degrees C for times up to 3000 h. The results confirm the anomalous growth of near-surface grains in this alloy. However, the data also show that there is no significant difference in grain size or grain growth rates for the two different oxygen pressures investigated. This suggests that, at least under these exposure conditions, grain growth in DOP-26 iridium is controlled by the outward diffusion of thorium rather than the inward diffusion of oxygen. This is supported by Auger results which show a depletion of thorium as one moves from the interior towards the surface. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McKamey, CG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-461-5 PY 2000 BP 247 EP 258 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ43D UT WOS:000088357100026 ER PT B AU David, SA Ohriner, EK King, JF AF David, SA Ohriner, EK King, JF BE Ohriner, EK Lanam, RD Panfilov, P Harada, H TI Welding and weldability of thorium-doped iridium alloys SO IRIDIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Iridium held during the 2000 TMS Annual Meeting CY MAR 12-16, 2000 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc ID GTA WELDS; LASER AB Ir-0.3%W alloys doped with thorium are currently used as post-impact containment material for radioactive fuel in thermoelectric generators that provide stable electrical power for a variety of outer planetary space exploration missions. Welding and weldability of a series of alloys was investigated using are and laser welding processes. Some of these alloys are prone to severe hot-cracking during welding. Weldability of these alloys was characterized using Sigmajig weldability test. Hot-cracking is influenced to a great extent by the fusion zone microstructure and composition. Thorium content and welding atmosphere were found to be very critical. The weld cracking behavior in these alloys can be controlled by modifying the fusion zone microstructure. Fusion zone microstructure was found to be controlled by welding process, process parameters, and the weld pool shape. The paper will discuss in detail the inter-relationship between the process-microstructure and weldability of iridium alloys. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP David, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-461-5 PY 2000 BP 325 EP 331 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ43D UT WOS:000088357100035 ER PT S AU Anders, A AF Anders, A GP IEEE IEEE TI A periodic table of ion charge state distributions observed in the transition region between vacuum sparks and vacuum arcs SO ISDEIV: XIXTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV) CY SEP 18-22, 2000 CL XIAN JIAOTONG UNIV, XIAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, ABB, Shaanxi baoguang Electr Corp, Beijing Switchgear Factory, Chengdu Xuguang Electr Co Ltd, Cutler Hammer, Elect Power Res Inst, High Voltage Switchgear Dept, Guiyang Zhenhua Corp, Yuguang Branch, Jinzhou Huaguang Elect Manufactory, Ningbo Nat Co Ltd, SIEMENS, Tianshui Changcheng Elect Co Ltd, Tianshui Changcheng Switchgear Factory, TOSHIBA, Xian High Voltage Apparatus Res Inst, Xian Jietian Elect Manufactory Co Ltd HO XIAN JIAOTONG UNIV ID PLASMAS AB Ion charge state distributions have been measured with high time resolution for short and long are pulses. Data for 3 mus and quasi-steady state are given for most conductive elements in a Periodic Table. The mean ion charge states can be fitted by functions of the form (Q) over bar = (Q) over bar (t-->infinity) [1 + Aexp(-t/tau)] where A is an enhancement function that depends on the power density. For the present conditions, A similar to 1 and tau similar to 50 mus. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS53, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1093-2941 BN 0-7803-5792-2 J9 P INT SYMP DISCH EL PY 2000 VL 19 BP 66 EP 67 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR46M UT WOS:000166521200019 ER PT S AU Anders, A Ryan, FW Fong, W Bhatia, CS AF Anders, A Ryan, FW Fong, W Bhatia, CS GP IEEE IEEE TI Ultrathin diamondlike carbon films deposited by filtered carbon vacuum arcs SO ISDEIV: XIXTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV) CY SEP 18-22, 2000 CL XIAN JIAOTONG UNIV, XIAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, ABB, Shaanxi baoguang Electr Corp, Beijing Switchgear Factory, Chengdu Xuguang Electr Co Ltd, Cutler Hammer, Elect Power Res Inst, High Voltage Switchgear Dept, Guiyang Zhenhua Corp, Yuguang Branch, Jinzhou Huaguang Elect Manufactory, Ningbo Nat Co Ltd, SIEMENS, Tianshui Changcheng Elect Co Ltd, Tianshui Changcheng Switchgear Factory, TOSHIBA, Xian High Voltage Apparatus Res Inst, Xian Jietian Elect Manufactory Co Ltd HO XIAN JIAOTONG UNIV ID ION ENERGY; PLASMA; DISCHARGE; TRANSPORT; GENERATION; COATINGS AB Ultrathin (< 5 nm) hard carbon films are of great interest to the magnetic storage industry as the areal density approaches 100 Gb/in(2). These films can be used as overcoats to protect the magnetic layer. Tetrahedrally bonded amorphous carbon (ta-C) films can be produced by filtered cathodic are deposition, however, these films will be accepted by the storage industry only if the "macroparticle" issue can be solved. Better plasma Biters have been developed over recent years. Emphasis is put on the promising Twist Filter system, a compact, open-architecture structure that operates with very high current (>1 kA) in a pulsed mode. Macroparticle elimination is virtually achieved while plasma throughput is very high. Ultrathin ta-C films have been synthesized using S-filter and Twist Filter systems. Film properties such as hardness, elastic modulus, wear and corrosion resistance have been tested. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1093-2941 BN 0-7803-5792-2 J9 P INT SYMP DISCH EL PY 2000 VL 19 BP 541 EP 547 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR46M UT WOS:000166521200125 ER PT S AU Anders, A AF Anders, A GP IEEE IEEE TI The sheath around biased objects immersed in streaming vacuum arc plasmas SO ISDEIV: XIXTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM, VOLS 1 AND 2, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DISCHARGES AND ELECTRICAL INSULATION IN VACUUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV) CY SEP 18-22, 2000 CL XIAN JIAOTONG UNIV, XIAN, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, IEEE Dielect & Elect Insulat Soc, ABB, Shaanxi baoguang Electr Corp, Beijing Switchgear Factory, Chengdu Xuguang Electr Co Ltd, Cutler Hammer, Elect Power Res Inst, High Voltage Switchgear Dept, Guiyang Zhenhua Corp, Yuguang Branch, Jinzhou Huaguang Elect Manufactory, Ningbo Nat Co Ltd, SIEMENS, Tianshui Changcheng Elect Co Ltd, Tianshui Changcheng Switchgear Factory, TOSHIBA, Xian High Voltage Apparatus Res Inst, Xian Jietian Elect Manufactory Co Ltd HO XIAN JIAOTONG UNIV ID SOURCE ION-IMPLANTATION AB Sheaths around negatively biased substrates immersed in vacuum are plasmas were investigated using positively biased probes. Due to the high plasma density and velocity, the sheath is very thin at the upstream side of the substrate. Its thickness scales approximately with 1 mm/kV for the conditions investigated but the data can also be fitted with the theoretical (bias voltage)(4/3) law. The sheath reaches very fast (< 3 s) its average quasi-stationary position. The actual position of the sheath edge is subject to fast fluctuations which are correlated with fluctuations of the plasma density. There is evidence that no presheath exists on the upstream side because the Bohm condition is oversatisfied. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1093-2941 BN 0-7803-5792-2 J9 P INT SYMP DISCH EL PY 2000 VL 19 BP 594 EP 597 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR46M UT WOS:000166521200138 ER PT J AU Jakubiak, R Yan, M Wan, WC Hsieh, BR Rothberg, LJ AF Jakubiak, R Yan, M Wan, WC Hsieh, BR Rothberg, LJ TI Description and importance of interchain excited states in conjugated polymer photophysics SO ISRAEL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLY(P-PHENYLENE VINYLENE); PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; DERIVATIVES; ABSORPTION AB We compare the photoluminescence (PL) of poly-p-phenylenevinylene (PPV) to that of one of its soluble derivatives, poly (2-methoxy, 5-(2(1)-ethylhexoxy)-p-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV). We show that excimers due to pi -orbital overlap of adjacent polymer backbones are formed in MEH-PPV in high quantum yield. They do not emit light at room temperature, potentially explaining the reduction of PL yield ill MEH-PPV films relative to solution. The herringbone packing of polymer chains in PPV prevents pi-pi stacking, but low PL yields are observed anyway. We conclude that polymer design to inhibit interchain registration is a questionable strategy to increase luminescence yields. The low PL yield in PPV is ascribed to bound polaron pair formation and preliminary data suggest that these may also form upon photoexcitation of MEH-PPV films. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, Ctr Photoinduced Charge Transfer, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Xerox Corp, Wilson Res Ctr, Webster, NY 14580 USA. RP Rothberg, LJ (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU LASER PAGES PUBL LTD PI JERUSALEM PA MERKAZ SAPIR 6/37, GIVAT SHAUL PO BOX 35409, JERUSALEM 91352, ISRAEL SN 0021-2148 J9 ISRAEL J CHEM JI Isr. J. Chem. PY 2000 VL 40 IS 2 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1560/G4UE-ELXC-5LDY-BRX8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 389UP UT WOS:000166257300010 ER PT J AU Phillips, LR Link, HE AF Phillips, LR Link, HE TI The role of conversation policy in carrying out agent conversations SO ISSUES IN AGENT COMMUNICATION SE LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article AB Structured conversation diagrams, or conversation specifications, allow agents to have predictable interactions and achieve predefined information-based goals, but they lack the flexibility needed to function robustly in an unpredictable environment. We propose a mechanism that dynamically combines conversation structures with separately established policies to generate conversations. Policies establish limitations, constraints, and requirements external to specific planned interaction and can be applied to broad sets of activity. Combining a separate policy with a conversation specification simplifies the specification of conversations and allows contextual issues Co be dealt with more straightforwardly during agent communication. By following the conversation specification when possible and deferring to the policy in exceptional circumstances, an agent can function predictably under normal situations and still act rationally in abnormal situations. Different conversation policies applied to a given conversation specification can change the nature of the interaction without changing the specification. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Phillips, LR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0445, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2000 VL 1916 BP 132 EP 143 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BR59D UT WOS:000166876300009 ER PT B AU Walraven, JA Cole, EI Tangyunyong, P AF Walraven, JA Cole, EI Tangyunyong, P GP ASM ASM TI Failure analysis of MEMS using thermally-induced voltage alteration SO ISTFA 2000: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 26TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM FOR TESTING AND FAILURE ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis CY NOV 12-16, 2000 CL BELLEVUE, WA SP Electr Device Failure Anal Soc AB Electrical shorting in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) is a significant production and manufacturing concern. We present a new approach to localizing shorted MEMS devices using Thermally-Induced Voltage Alteration (TIVA) [1]. In TIVA, the shorted, thermally isolated MEMS device is very sensitive to thermal stimulus. The site of the MEMS short will respond as a thermocouple when heated. By monitoring the potential across the shorted MEMS device as a laser scans across the sample, an image showing the location of the thermocouple (short site) can be generated. The TIVA signal for thermally isolated MEMS devices is much higher than that observed for conventional IC interconnections. This results from the larger temperature gradients generated during laser scanning due to little or no substrate heat sinking. The capability to quickly localize shorted MEMS structures is demonstrated by several examples. Thermal modeling of heat distributions is presented and is consistent with the experimental results. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Walraven, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 0-87170-701-2 PY 2000 BP 489 EP 496 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science GA BU24R UT WOS:000175459100067 ER PT J AU Soo, YL Huang, S Kao, YH Deb, SK Ramanathan, K Takizawa, T AF Soo, Y. L. Huang, S. Kao, Y. H. Deb, S. K. Ramanathan, K. Takizawa, T. TI Probing the Interface and Microstructures in CdS/CuInSe2 and InGaAsN/GaAs Heterojunctions by Synchrotron Radiation SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CuInSe2; InGaAsN; Synchrotron Radiation; ADXRF; XAFS; GIXS AB Measurements of angular dependence of x-ray fluorescence (ADXRF), x-ray absorption fine structure (AFS), and grazing incidence x-ray scattering (GIXS) using synchrotron radiation were utilized to study the migration of constituent atoms, microstructures, and interface morphology in two sets of heterostructures consisting of CuInSe2(single crystal)/CdS and InxGa1-xAs1-yNy/GaAs compounds. Both systems are useful for the development of innovative high efficiency solar cells. By comparing the ADXRF and XAFS data of a CdS-coated and a bare CuInSe2 single crystal, changes in the depth profile of atoms and their local structures due to CdS coating can be investigated with well-defined stoichiometry. Our results indicate that both Cu and Se atoms have migrated into the CdS layer in the heterojunction while In atoms remain practically intact in the CuInSe2 single crystal. For a study of the InxGa1-xAs1-yNy system, our XAFS results show a sp(3) hybridized bonding configuration for N atoms, indicating that the N impurities most likely substitute for As sites in the compounds GaAs1-yNy and InxGa1-xAs1-yNy. Within experimental uncertainties, the results of In K-edge XAFS indicate that the In-As interatomic distance remains essentially the same as in In-As. Further, GIXS measurements confirm that In0.08Ga0.92As0.97N0.03 thin films can indeed form very smooth interfaces with GaAs. C1 [Soo, Y. L.; Huang, S.; Kao, Y. H.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. [Deb, S. K.; Ramanathan, K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Takizawa, T.] Nihon Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. RP Soo, YL (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Amherst, NY 14260 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0021-4922 EI 1347-4065 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. PY 2000 VL 39 IS 1 SU S BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA V33LH UT WOS:000209019800006 ER PT J AU Wei, SH Zhang, SB Zunger, A AF Wei, Su-Huai Zhang, Shengbai Zunger, Alex TI Band Structure and Stability of Ternary Semiconductor Polytypes SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE band structure; total energy; semiconductor polytypes AB We have developed a first-principles generalized one dimensional Ising model to study the band structures and stabilities of two types of ternary zinc-blende-based polytype series: type-a GaInP2 and type-b CuInSe2. We predict that the Cu Au-like phase can coexist in nominally chalcopyrite CuInSe2. We also predict that type-II band alignment can exist between different ordered type-a GaInP2 polytypes. C1 [Wei, Su-Huai; Zhang, Shengbai; Zunger, Alex] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wei, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zhang, Shengbai/D-4885-2013 OI Zhang, Shengbai/0000-0003-0833-5860 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0021-4922 EI 1347-4065 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. PY 2000 VL 39 IS 1 SU S BP 237 EP 238 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA V33LH UT WOS:000209019800082 ER PT J AU Wei, SH AF Wei, Su-Huai TI Electronic Structure and Stability of Spinel Oxides SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE total energy; band gap; spinel oxides AB Using first-principles band structure method, we have calculated the total energies, the structural parameters, and the band gaps of the closed-shell A(II)B(2)(III)O(4) and A(IV)B(2)(II)O(4) spinel oxides in both normal and inverse spinel structures. We find that a correct description of the internal atomic relaxation is crucial to predict the stability of the spinels. The preference of cations with delocalized valence d states (e.g., Zn) to form covalent tetrahedral bonds also plays a significant role in determining the cation distribution in the spinels. Furthermore, we find that the band structures of these spinel compounds depend strongly on the cation distribution. For most of the spinels studied here, the calculated band gaps for the inverse spinels are smaller than the corresponding normal spinels. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wei, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0021-4922 EI 1347-4065 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. PY 2000 VL 39 IS 1 SU S BP 251 EP 256 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA V33LH UT WOS:000209019800087 ER PT J AU Chang, CH Wei, SH Johnson, W Bhattacharya, R Stanbery, B Anderson, T Duran, R AF Chang, Chih-Hung Wei, Su-Huai Johnson, Wayne Bhattacharya, Raghu Stanbery, Billy Anderson, Tim Duran, Randy TI Long and Short Range Ordering of CuInSe2 SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE XAFS; CuInSe2; CuInsSe(8); bond length; semiconductor polytypes AB Cu K-edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) measurements were performed on CuInSe2 samples with different compositions near the A(I)B(III)C(2)(vI) stoichiometry and CuIn5Se8. The Cu-Se bond length was determined to be independent of the Cu content. This result is consistent with first-principle total energy calculations for this system. C1 [Chang, Chih-Hung; Johnson, Wayne; Stanbery, Billy; Anderson, Tim; Duran, Randy] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Wei, Su-Huai; Bhattacharya, Raghu] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chang, CH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem Eng, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0021-4922 EI 1347-4065 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. PY 2000 VL 39 IS 1 SU S BP 411 EP 412 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA V33LH UT WOS:000209019800146 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, RN Deb, SK AF Bhattacharya, Raghu N. Deb, Satyen K. TI A Low-Cost Approach to Fabrication of Multinary Compounds for Energy-Related Applications SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE low-cost fabrication; multinary compounds; electrodeposition; electroless deposition; superconductors; photovoltaics AB Non-vacuum electrodeposition and electroless deposition techniques with a potential to prepare large-area uniform precursor films using low-cost source materials and low-cost capital equipment are very attractive for the growth of compound materials for superconductors and photovoltaic applications. In the first part, a low-cost electrodeposition (ED) method will be discussed for fabrication of high-temperature TI-oxide-based superconductors. In the second part, electrodeposition and electroless deposition of semiconductor Cu-In-Ga-Se thin films will be discussed. C1 [Bhattacharya, Raghu N.; Deb, Satyen K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bhattacharya, RN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0021-4922 EI 1347-4065 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. PY 2000 VL 39 IS 1 SU S BP 424 EP 425 PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA V33LH UT WOS:000209019800151 ER PT J AU Auguste, T D'Oliveira, P Hulin, S Monot, P Abdallah, J Faenov, AY Skobelev, IY Magunov, AI Pikuz, TA AF Auguste, T D'Oliveira, P Hulin, S Monot, P Abdallah, J Faenov, AY Skobelev, IY Magunov, AI Pikuz, TA TI The role of the prepulse in cluster heating by a high-power femtosecond laser pulse SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSIENT GAIN; PLASMA; IONS; SPECTRA AB The interaction of a 60-fs laser pulse with argon clusters was experimentally studied. It is shown that cluster heating by an intense femtosecond pulse preceded by a picosecond prepulse can produce plasma whose ionization state is determined by the prepulse properties, while the mean energy of hot electrons is determined by the main pulse intensity. A simple model of cluster plasma evolution is suggested, allowing an adequate description of its X-ray emission. (C) 2000 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 CEA Saclay, Ctr Etud Saclay, DSM, DRECAM,Serv Photons Atomes & Mol, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. VNIIFTRI, Ctr Multicharged Ion Spectrum Data, Mendeleevo 141570, Russia. RP Auguste, T (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Ctr Etud Saclay, DSM, DRECAM,Serv Photons Atomes & Mol, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 23 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PY 2000 VL 72 IS 2 BP 38 EP 41 DI 10.1134/1.1312006 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 349NJ UT WOS:000089052100003 ER PT J AU Lushnikov, PM AF Lushnikov, PM TI On the boundary of the dispersion-managed soliton existence SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POWER DEPENDENCE; OPTICAL FIBERS; TRANSMISSION; PROPAGATION; PULSE; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; ZERO AB A breathing soliton-like structure in a dispersion-managed optical fiber system is studied. It is proved that, for negative average dispersion, the breathing soliton is forbidden, provided that the modulus of average dispersion exceeds a threshold which depends on the soliton amplitude. (C) 2000 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Moscow 117990, Russia. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lushnikov, PM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, LD Landau Theoret Phys Inst, Ul Kosygina 2, Moscow 117990, Russia. RI Lushnikov, Pavel/I-2304-2013 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PY 2000 VL 72 IS 3 BP 111 EP 114 DI 10.1134/1.1316810 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 353QL UT WOS:000089286900004 ER PT J AU Stishov, SM AF Stishov, SM TI Energy, compressibility, and covalence in the group carbon family SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND AB It is shown that a similarity relationship of the type (K0V0/E-0) congruent to const (where K-0, V-0, and E-0 are the bulk modulus, the volume, and the total energy at P = 0) exists for the elements of the carbon family, including C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb. This fact rules out the possibility of significant covalent effects on the compressibility of the corresponding substances. The record bulk modulus value of diamond is associated with its extreme atomic density. (C) 2000 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Oblast, Russia. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stishov, SM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst High Pressure Phys, Troitsk 142092, Moscow Oblast, Russia. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PY 2000 VL 71 IS 1 BP 15 EP 16 DI 10.1134/1.568266 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 287UT UT WOS:000085525400005 ER PT J AU Batirov, TM Dimos, D Doubovik, E Djalalov, R Fridkin, VM AF Batirov, TM Dimos, D Doubovik, E Djalalov, R Fridkin, VM TI On the mechanism of the photodomain effect in ferroelectrics SO JETP LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED HYSTERESIS CHANGES; THIN-FILMS; MEMORIES; CERAMICS; STORAGE; FATIGUE AB The influence of nonequilibrium electrons on the domain structure and switching of ferroelectrics (photodomain effect) has been investigated in ferroelectric crystals and ceramics. In the present paper, this effect is observed and explained as a result of the domain walls screening in frame of Yshibashi-Takagi theory. (C) 2000 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica". C1 Russian Acad Sci, AV Shubnikov Crystallog Inst, Moscow 117333, Russia. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Batirov, TM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, AV Shubnikov Crystallog Inst, Leninskii Pr 59, Moscow 117333, Russia. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-3640 J9 JETP LETT+ JI Jetp Lett. PY 2000 VL 71 IS 8 BP 318 EP 321 DI 10.1134/1.568341 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 321KY UT WOS:000087455700003 ER PT S AU Wong, A Oliker, L Kramer, W Kaltz, T Bailey, D AF Wong, A Oliker, L Kramer, W Kaltz, T Bailey, D BE Feitelson, DG Rudolph, L TI System utilization benchmark on the Cray T3E and IBM SP SO JOB SCHEDULING STRATEGIES FOR PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing held in conjunction with the IPDPS 2000 Conference CY MAY 01, 2000 CL CANCUN, MEXICO AB Obtaining maximum utilization of parallel systems continues to be an active area of research and development. This article outlines a new benchmark, called the Effective System Performance (ESP) test, designed to provide a utilization metric that is transferable between systems and illuminate the effects of various scheduling parameters. Results with discussion are presented for the Cray T3E and IBM SP systems together with insights obtained from simulation. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wong, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-41120-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1911 BP 56 EP 67 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT81K UT WOS:000174113700004 ER PT S AU Petrini, F Feng, WC AF Petrini, F Feng, WC BE Feitelson, DG Rudolph, L TI Time-sharing parallel jobs in the presence of multiple resource requirements SO JOB SCHEDULING STRATEGIES FOR PARALLEL PROCESSING, PROCEEDINGS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing held in conjunction with the IPDPS 2000 Conference CY MAY 01, 2000 CL CANCUN, MEXICO DE parallel job scheduling; distributed operating systems; communication protocols; performance evaluation AB Buffered coscheduling is a new methodology that can substantially increase resource utilization, improve response time, and simplify the development of the run-time support in a parallel machine. In this paper, we provide an in-depth analysis of three important aspects of the proposed methodology: the impact of the communication pattern and type of synchronization, the impact of memory constraints, and the processor utilization. The experimental results show that if jobs use non-blocking or collective-communication patterns, the response time becomes largely insensitive to the job communication pattern. Using a simple job access policy, we also demonstrate the robustness of buffered coscheduling in the presence of memory constraints. Overall, buffered coscheduling generally outperforms backfilling and backfilling gang scheduling with respect to response time, wait time, run-time slowdown, and processor utilization. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Informat & Commun Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Petrini, F (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Comp Informat & Commun Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-41120-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2000 VL 1911 BP 113 EP 136 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BT81K UT WOS:000174113700008 ER PT J AU Tortorelli, PF Brady, MP AF Tortorelli, PF Brady, MP TI Alloy design approaches for high-temperature oxidation resistance SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Corros Sci & Technol Grp, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Alloying Behav & Design Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tortorelli, PF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Corros Sci & Technol Grp, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 52 IS 1 BP 15 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s11837-000-0108-y PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 273NE UT WOS:000084713100003 ER PT J AU Brady, MP Gleeson, B Wright, IG AF Brady, MP Gleeson, B Wright, IG TI Alloy design strategies for promoting protective oxide scale formation SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; 2-PHASE BINARY-ALLOYS; AL-CR ALLOYS; PRECIPITATE DISSOLUTION; INTERNAL OXIDATION; ALUMINA; PRESSURES; MICROSTRUCTURE; ENVIRONMENTS; BEHAVIOR AB This article discusses general strategies for designing alloys to form protective oxide scales. Approaches based on classical alloy-oxidation theories work reasonably well for single-phase alloys. However, high-temperature alloy development has been and will increasingly be based on multiphase microstructures in order to achieve many of the needed, but usually opposing properties, such as high-temperature strength and room-temperature toughness. No theoretical-based, well-defined strategies exist for the design of oxidation-resistant multiphase alloys. Still, key factors are beginning to emerge, which can provide guidance for promoting the formation of protective scales on multiphase alloys and for taking advantage of some unique mechanisms that are operative in multiphase alloys but not in single-phase alloys. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM bradymp@ornl.gov RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008 OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747 NR 69 TC 110 Z9 118 U1 2 U2 38 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 52 IS 1 BP 16 EP 21 DI 10.1007/s11837-000-0109-x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 273NE UT WOS:000084713100004 ER PT J AU Korth, GE AF Korth, GE TI Creep rupture of alloy 718 after thermal aging SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Alloy 718 given the conventional 718/621 degrees C age-hardening treatment was thermally aged at 593 degrees C, 621 degrees C, nod 649 degrees C for up to 50,000 h. These temperatures bracket Nle lowest of lire duplex age-hardening temperatures. Subsequent creep-rupture tests conducted at the same temperature thermal aging show no detrimental effects of 593 degrees C aging after 50,000 h. Material aged for 50,000 h and tested at 621 degrees C shows the rupture life to be approximately 60-65% of the unaged material, but at 649 degrees C, the aged material rupture life is on the order of 15% of the unaged material. C1 Bechtel BWXT Idaho LLC, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Korth, GE (reprint author), Bechtel BWXT Idaho LLC, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 52 IS 1 BP 40 EP + DI 10.1007/s11837-000-0114-0 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 273NE UT WOS:000084713100009 ER PT J AU Nesbitt, SL Emerson, JA Bell, JP AF Nesbitt, SL Emerson, JA Bell, JP TI Evaluation of beta-diketone-containing polymeric coupling agents for enhancing the adhesion of epoxy to aluminum SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st Annual Meeting of the Adhesion-Society CY FEB 22-25, 1998 CL SAVANNAH, GEORGIA SP Adhes Soc DE polymeric coupling agents; beta-diketones; adhesion; aluminum; epoxy ID DIFFERENTIATION; CHLOROBENZENE; ADSORPTION; BENZENE; TOLUENE; MODELS AB beta-diketone-containing polymeric coupling agents (PCA) were evaluated as potential adhesion enhancers for an epoxy/aluminum bond system. Torsional shear joint measurements revealed that the beta-diketone-containing PCA did not influence the joint strength and durability, positively or negatively, as compared with untreated controls. Grazing angle infrared spectroscopy revealed that despite reactivity of the beta-diketone-containing monomer with aluminum substrates, no reactivity of the beta-diketone was observed once the monomer was incorporated into the polymer. Deposition studies showed that the resulting PCA coating thickness following treatment and solvent rinsing was not a function of solvent solubility parameter, solution concentration, or immersion time. It was hypothesized that preferential physisorption of the phenyl and/or epoxy functionalities in the PCA inhibited reactivity of the beta-diketone functionality. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Univ Connecticut, Polymer Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bell, JP (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PY 2000 VL 72 IS 3-4 BP 245 EP 268 DI 10.1080/00218460008029285 PG 24 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 326DG UT WOS:000087717000002 ER PT J AU Shi, MK Dunham, G Gross, ME Graff, GL Martin, PM AF Shi, MK Dunham, G Gross, ME Graff, GL Martin, PM TI Plasma treatment of PET and acrylic coating surfaces - I. In situ XPS measurements SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plasma treatment; PET; acrylic coating; in-situ XPS ID VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; POLYMER SURFACES; X-RAY; OXYGEN; FILMS; POLYETHYLENE; DEGRADATION; POLYPROPYLENE; POLYSTYRENE; COPOLYMERS AB The surface modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and UV-cured tripropyleneelycol diacrylate (acrylic) films induced by remote N-2 and Ar microwave plasmas (2.45 GHz) was compared by in-situ! XPS measurements. Both N-2 and Ar plasma treatments led to destruction of the initial oxygen-containing groups. The destruction of ester groups was much faster fur the acrylic than for the PET film, and the destruction of ether groups was much faster than that of ester groups within the acrylic Blm. Among the plasma Eases, N-2 was more effective than Ar in the cast: of PET, but their difference was negligible in the case of the acrylic film. The higher stability of thc PET surface was attributed to the presence of a rigid aromatic backbone, which protected the ester groups from plasma UV irradiation and stabilized the free radicals. The lower stability of the acrylic film was associated with the presence of weak ether groups. New functional groups were created, attributed to carbonyl in the case of Ar, and carbonyl/amide and amine in the case of N-2 plasma treatments. The Formation of these new Functional groups was very small compared with the loss of ether and ester groups, suggesting that the destruction of these oxygen-containing groups proceeded mainly through elimination of the entire groups. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, 902 Battelle Bld,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Mingkun.Shi@PNL.Gov NR 35 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 7 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-4243 EI 1568-5616 J9 J ADHES SCI TECHNOL JI J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. PY 2000 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1485 EP 1498 DI 10.1163/156856100742320 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 379JF UT WOS:000165638400002 ER PT J AU Wright, DL AF Wright, DL TI Retrieval of optical properties of atmospheric aerosols from moments of the particle size distribution SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CHARACTERIZATION EXPERIMENT ACE-1; GENERAL DYNAMIC EQUATION; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PACIFIC; MODELS; OCEAN; SULFATE AB A technique is described for efficient retrieval of families of smooth model distributions, such as lognormals or modified gammas, from the lower moments of the particle size distribution from which aerosol optical properties can be accurately computed. The Multiple Isomomental Distribution Aerosol Surrogate (MIDAS) technique, along with the quadrature technique of McGraw et ni. (1995 Geophys. Res. Lert. 22, 2929-2932), is evaluated by computing the extinction efficiency, asymmetry parameter, backscatter Fraction, 180 degrees backscattering cross section, upscatter fraction, mass scattering efficiency, and a direct shortwave forcing at 8 wavelengths for 28 test distributions derived from field observations of marine, continental, urban and stratospheric aerosols. For the 224 single wavelength evaluations with retrieved modified gammas the average magnitude of error for each of the computed optical properties was 2% or less, with the exception of the 180 degrees backscattering cross section (4%), establishing the accuracy of the technique. It is concluded that this approach is useful for obtaining aerosol optical properties from the first 6 moments of the size distribution, permitting confident determination of these properties from models in which aerosol evolution is represented by evolution of the lower-order moments. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wright, DL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 31 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(99)00028-2 PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 263PX UT WOS:000084135400001 ER PT J AU Majidi, V Moser, M Lewis, C Hang, W King, FL AF Majidi, V Moser, M Lewis, C Hang, W King, FL TI Explicit chemical speciation by microsecond pulsed glow discharge time-of-flight mass spectrometry: concurrent acquisition of structural, molecular and elemental information SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-EMISSION SPECTROMETRY; IONIZATION-POTENTIALS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COUPLED TECHNIQUES; LECTURE AB A microsecond pulsed glow discharge (mu s-pulsed GD) was used for elemental, structural and molecular analysis. This plasma was generated repeatedly at 100 Hz with a 1 kV electrical pulse lasting 20 mu s. Samples were continuously introduced into the mu s-pulsed discharge and allowed to interact with the plasma. Depending on the extent of this interaction, which is controllable at the discretion of the user, the samples may undergo soft chemical ionization yielding molecular ions or may be completely atomized and ionized yielding elemental information. The operator could choose the above interaction zones or anything in between, which provides structural information through an electron ionization type fragmentation pattern. Detection of plasma produced ions was done by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS), which is most suitable for complete mass spectrometric analysis of time-gated transient events. Using ion energetic information and the so-called 'thermometer molecules', the magnitude of ionization energy available in the discharge was calculated. At 60 mu s after the plasma ignition the plasma had an equivalent ionization energy of about 17 eV. The plasma energy decreased as a function of time. At about 300 mu s the plasma reached a relatively constant ionization energy of 8-9 eV, which lasted for nearly 200 mu s. Toluene, p-xylene, ethylbenzene and tungsten hexacarbonyl are among the molecules analyzed using time-gated mu s-pulsed GD-TOF-MS. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Majidi, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 15 IS 1 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1039/a905477d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 272RM UT WOS:000084664800006 ER PT J AU Du, ZY Houk, RS AF Du, ZY Houk, RS TI Attenuation of metal oxide ions in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with hydrogen in a hexapole collision cell SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED DISSOCIATION; POLYATOMIC IONS; GLOW-DISCHARGE; MONOXIDE ION; ICP-MS; INTERFERENCES; GAS; RESOLUTION; DESOLVATION; VANADIUM AB Some strongly bound metal oxide ions (MO+) can be attenuated in a hexapole collision cell with a mixture of helium and hydrogen gas. Various metal oxide ions with different dissociation energies, such as ZrO+, CeO+, LaO+, SmO+, HoO+, YbO+ and WO+, have been chosen to study the attenuation effect. By adjusting the collision conditions, especially the composition and flow rate of the collision gas and the hexapole dc bias voltage, the MO+/M+ signal ratio can be suppressed by a factor of up to 60 for CeO+ and LaO+ while maintaining approximate to 20% of the original signal for atomic analyte ions (M+). For the species studied, collisions with H-2 improve the MO+/M+ signal ratio more extensively for oxide ions with higher dissociation energies. The same collision conditions also serve to remove most of the ArO+, ArN+ and Ar-2(+) from the background spectrum. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Houk, RS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 48 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2000 VL 15 IS 4 BP 383 EP 388 DI 10.1039/a905046i PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 301RH UT WOS:000086323700012 ER PT J AU Duckworth, DC Bayne, CK Morton, SJ Almirall, J AF Duckworth, DC Bayne, CK Morton, SJ Almirall, J TI Analysis of variance in forensic glass analysis by ICP-MS: variance within the method SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION MEASUREMENTS; PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; CLASSIFICATION; FRAGMENTS; SHEET; DISCRIMINATION; CONTAINER; SAMPLES AB An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric analyses of glass fragments to identify the source and magnitude of variation in elemental concentration determinations. Accuracy in the multielement analysis was also evaluated. ANOVA was performed on 68 isotopes representing 57 elements in NIST SRM 612 Trace Elements in Glass (nominal concentration 50 mg L-1). The analysis apportioned variance into components of time (day-to-day), dissolution (sample-to-sample), calibration and instrumental (internal) variance. Elements were classified into four categories defined by the combination of precision and accuracy. Those not falling into the classification of both good precision (RSD < 10% or s less than or equal to 3 mu g g(-1)) and accuracy (\bias\ < 5 mu g g(-1) and \%bias\ less than or equal to 10%) were critically examined before inclusion in a list of potentially discriminating elements to be used for the development of an elemental concentration database for float glasses. The final list consists of 59 isotopes, representing 46 elements. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida Int Univ, Int Forens Res Inst, Dept Chem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Duckworth, DC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Almirall, Jose/D-1280-2010; Duckworth, Douglas/B-7171-2015 OI Almirall, Jose/0000-0002-5257-7499; Duckworth, Douglas/0000-0002-8161-5685 NR 38 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2000 VL 15 IS 7 BP 821 EP 828 DI 10.1039/a908813j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 335WL UT WOS:000088267700003 ER PT J AU Mahan, C Bonchin, S Figg, D Gerth, D Collier, C AF Mahan, C Bonchin, S Figg, D Gerth, D Collier, C TI Chromatographic extraction of plutonium and inorganic impurity analysis using ICP-MS and ICP-AES SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY AB The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of ICP-MS and ICP-AES for the quantitation of 45 target analytes in solutions containing plutonium, and solutions where the plutonium had been removed using anion exchange. The selectivity of the anion exchange resin was also evaluated. High purity plutonium solutions, including a spiked solution were dissolved in triplicate and analyzed by both ICP-MS and ICP-AES, before and after removal of the plutonium matrix. The presence of plutonium appeared to have little effect on recoveries for the ICP-MS technique, whereas twenty-six out of thirty six elements were outside the preferred recovery range of 80-120% for the emission technique. Once the plutonium was removed using a strong anion exchange resin, only 6 elements fell outside the quantitative recovery acceptance window for ICP-AES. Of the target analytes studied, only Ag, Th, Tl, and U appeared to be adsorbed onto the column. These elements are readily determined directly in the plutonium solution by ICP-MS. Elements that must be determined in the extracted sample by ICP-AES are Fe, K, P, and Si. Interelement correction factors were established for the ICP-AES technique and method detection limits were determined for both techniques. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Analyt Chem Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat Div, Analyt Chem Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mahan, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Analyt Chem Sci Grp, C-9,MS E518, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2000 VL 15 IS 8 BP 929 EP 935 DI 10.1039/b003558k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 339FU UT WOS:000088467600005 ER PT J AU Russo, RE Mao, XL Borisov, OV Liu, HC AF Russo, RE Mao, XL Borisov, OV Liu, HC TI Influence of wavelength on fractionation in laser ablation ICP-MS SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Winter Conference of Plasma Spectrochemistry CY JAN 09-15, 2000 CL FT LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; TRACE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; GLASS STANDARD; EXCIMER-LASER; ND-YAG; NM; MICROANALYSIS AB As laser ablation becomes more ubiquitous for direct solid sampling with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the need to understand and mitigate fractionation (non-stoichiometric generation of vapor species) becomes critical. The influence of laser-beam wavelength on fractionation is not well established; in general, it is believed that fractionation is reduced as the wavelength becomes shorter. This manuscript presents an investigation of fractionation during ablation of NIST glasses and calcite using three UV wavelengths (157 nm, 213 nm and 266 nm). Fractionation can be observed for all wavelengths, depending in each case on the laser-beam irradiance and the number of laser pulses at each sample-surface location. The transparency of the sample influences the amount of sample ablated (removed) at each wavelength, and the extent of fractionation. Pb/Ca and Pb/U ratios are used as examples to demonstrate the degree of fractionation at the different wavelengths. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 22 TC 131 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 38 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2000 VL 15 IS 9 BP 1115 EP 1120 DI 10.1039/b004243i PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 351DE UT WOS:000089141900010 ER PT J AU Duan, YX Su, YX Jin, Z AF Duan, YX Su, YX Jin, Z TI A new, simple, compact GD-MIP tandem ion source for elemental time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID GLOW-DISCHARGE LAMP; OPTICAL-EMISSION SPECTROMETRY AB The research objective of this work is to develop a new type of ion source for elemental mass spectrometry. In this work, a simple glow discharge (GD) device has been set up and coupled with a microwave induced plasma (MIP) source to form a so-called "tandem source". In the tandem source, the first source (GD) serves to provide free sample atoms produced by cathode sputtering and partial ionization, and the second source (MIP) serves to enhance the ionization of the free atoms. Since MIP is ordinarily even farther from local thermal dynamic equilibrium than other plasmas, it would seem to be best used in conjunction with another source that is capable of more efficient sample atomization, such as glow discharge. The design and construction of such a tandem source has been performed in our laboratory, and the source has been coupled to a self-assembled time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS). Primary examinations of operational parameters are pursued. Significant signal enhancement is observed with a microwave power of 15 W, discharge voltage around 420 V, and working pressure of 2.0 Torr. The analytical performance of the new tandem source with and without microwave discharge boosting is compared. Some synergistic benefits derived from the tandem source are discussed. For the isotopes studied, enhancement factors of 3-4 are achieved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duan, YX (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, CST-9,MS K484, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2000 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1289 EP 1291 DI 10.1039/b003645p PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 359YJ UT WOS:000089639400001 ER PT J AU Genders, JD Chai, D Hobbs, DT AF Genders, JD Chai, D Hobbs, DT TI Durability testing for the recovery of sodium hydroxide from alkaline waste solutions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alkaline waste; durability testing; sodium hydroxide AB Testing successfully demonstrated the operation of an electrochemical flow cell for more than 1000 h to recover 13-14 wt% sodium hydroxide from an alkaline waste solution. The nickel cathode, platinized-titanium anode and cationic membrane exhibited no visible signs of attack upon inspection after testing. The membrane experienced a slow, but steady decline in current efficiency, from a high of greater than 95% down to approximately 90% after 1079 h. We attribute the loss in current efficiency to the accumulation of silicon and aluminium within the membrane structure. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Electrosynth Co Inc, Lancaster, NY 14086 USA. RP Hobbs, DT (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-891X J9 J APPL ELECTROCHEM JI J. Appl. Electrochem. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1023/A:1003899914793 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 272KA UT WOS:000084648000002 ER PT J AU Bench, MW Robertson, IM Kirk, MA Jencic, I AF Bench, MW Robertson, IM Kirk, MA Jencic, I TI Production of amorphous zones in GaAs by the direct impact of energetic heavy ions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IMPLANTED GAAS; DOSE-RATE; DAMAGE; AMORPHIZATION; TEMPERATURE; IRRADIATION; DEPENDENCE; FLUX; GAP; SI AB The damage produced in GaAs by implantation with low energy heavy ions has been studied as a function of ion mass and implantation temperature (30 and 300 K). The experiments were performed in situ in the microscope-accelerator facility at Argonne National Laboratory. In samples implanted and examined at 30 K, spatially isolated amorphous regions were produced by the direct impact of 50 keV Ar, Kr, and Xe ions. The probability that the impact of an individual ion formed an amorphous zone increased as the ion mass increased from Ar to Kr but not from Kr to Xe. The average dimension of the amorphous zones also increased with ion mass, being greater for the Xe than for the Kr ion implantation. On warming to room temperature, the amorphous zones decreased in size and density as the sample temperature was increased above 200 K. In samples implanted and examined at 300 K, the probability of forming an amorphous zone by direct impact increased as the ion mass increased from Kr to Xe, although the probability was always less than at 30 K. The density of amorphous zones produced at 300 K was similar to that remaining in a sample implanted at 30 K and then warmed to room temperature. With time at 300 K the amorphous zones decreased in size and eventually crystallized completely, leaving no trace of their prior existence. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)10601-2]. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. RP Bench, MW (reprint author), 3M Co, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1063/1.371825 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 265KW UT WOS:000084244300009 ER PT J AU Tomlins, GW Routbort, JL Mason, TO AF Tomlins, GW Routbort, JL Mason, TO TI Zinc self-diffusion, electrical properties, and defect structure of undoped, single crystal zinc oxide SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY; ZNO VARISTORS; DONOR; MODEL AB Zinc self-diffusion was measured in single crystal zinc oxide using nonradioactive Zn-70 as the tracer isotope and secondary ion mass spectrometry for data collection. Crystal mass was closely monitored to measure ZnO evaporation. Diffusion coefficients were isotropic with an activation energy of 372 kJ/mol. Zinc self-diffusion is most likely controlled by a vacancy mechanism. Electrical property measurements exhibit a plateau in conductivity at intermediate pO(2) with an increase in reducing atmospheres. An analysis of the defect structure is presented that indicates that oxygen vacancies are probably the intrinsic ionic defects responsible for n-type conductivity in reducing atmospheres. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021- 8979(00)08701-6]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Tomlins, GW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Mason, Thomas/B-7528-2009 NR 31 TC 136 Z9 139 U1 8 U2 52 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 1 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1063/1.371832 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 265KW UT WOS:000084244300017 ER PT J AU Gao, Y He, S Alluri, P Engelhard, M Lea, AS Finder, J Melnick, B Hance, RL AF Gao, Y He, S Alluri, P Engelhard, M Lea, AS Finder, J Melnick, B Hance, RL TI Effects of precursors and substrate materials on microstructure, dielectric properties, and step coverage of (Ba, Sr)TiO3 films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; DRAM AB (Ba, Sr)TiO3 (BST) thin films have been grown on planar Ir/Si and Pt/Si substrates and on three-dimensional (3D) Ir electrodes by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition using two kinds of beta-diketonate-based BST precursors. Film growth was studied as a function of film thickness, composition, and substrate temperature. Growth rate was monitored by in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. The BST films were characterized ex situ by a variety of techniques including x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and impedance analyzer. The results reveal that the two sets of BST precursors, albeit slightly different, show quite different reactivities that strongly affect the step coverage on the 3D structure. However, different reactivities have no apparent effect on the microstructure, surface morphology, and dielectric properties of the stoichiometric BST films. These properties strongly depend on the film composition, substrate material, and growth temperature. In general, the BST films grown on Pt exhibit better crystalline quality, surface smoothness, and dielectric properties compared to those grown on Ir under the optimal growth conditions. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021- 8979(00)01001-X]. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Motorola Inc, Mat Technol Labs, Austin, TX 78721 USA. Motorola Inc, Phys Sci Res Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Gao, Y (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999,MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Lea, Alan/0000-0002-4232-1553; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 1 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1063/1.371833 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 265KW UT WOS:000084244300018 ER PT J AU Kaendler, ID Seeck, OH Schlomka, JP Tolan, M Press, W Stettner, J Kappius, L Dieker, C Mantl, S AF Kaendler, ID Seeck, OH Schlomka, JP Tolan, M Press, W Stettner, J Kappius, L Dieker, C Mantl, S TI Structural characterization of oxidized allotaxially grown CoSi2 layers by x-ray scattering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-BEAM SYNTHESIS; ROUGH SURFACES; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; REFLECTION; MULTILAYERS; DIFFRACTION; SILICIDES AB A series of buried CoSi2 layers prepared by a modified molecular beam epitaxy process (allotaxy) and a subsequent wet-oxidation process was investigated by x-ray scattering. The oxidation time which determines the depth in which the CoSi2 layers are located within the Si substrates has been varied during the preparation. The electron density profiles and the structure of the interfaces were extracted from specular reflectivity and diffuse scattering measurements. Crystal truncation rod investigations yielded the structure on an atomic level (crystalline quality). It turns out that the roughness of the CoSi2 layers increases drastically with increasing oxidation time, i.e., with increasing depth of the buried layers. Furthermore, the x-ray data reveal that the oxidation growth process is diffusion limited. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)00901-4]. C1 Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. APS XFD Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Schicht & Ionentech, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Univ Kiel, Tech Fak, D-24143 Kiel, Germany. RP Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, Leibnizstr 17-19, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. RI Mantl, Siegfried/L-1317-2013 OI Mantl, Siegfried/0000-0002-4266-0619 NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 1 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1063/1.371834 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 265KW UT WOS:000084244300019 ER PT J AU Temelkuran, B Bayindir, M Ozbay, E Biswas, R Sigalas, MM Tuttle, G Ho, KM AF Temelkuran, B Bayindir, M Ozbay, E Biswas, R Sigalas, MM Tuttle, G Ho, KM TI Photonic crystal-based resonant antenna with a very high directivity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We investigate the radiation properties of an antenna that was formed by a hybrid combination of a monopole radiation source and a cavity built around a dielectric layer-by-layer three-dimensional photonic crystal. We measured a maximum directivity of 310, and a power enhancement of 180 at the resonant frequency of the cavity. We observed that the antenna has a narrow bandwidth determined by the cavity, where the resonant frequency can be tuned within the band gap of the photonic crystal. The measured radiation patterns agree well with our theoretical results. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(00)03601-X]. C1 Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06533 Bilkent, Turkey. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Microelect Res Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Temelkuran, B (reprint author), Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06533 Bilkent, Turkey. RI Ozbay, Ekmel/B-9495-2008 NR 16 TC 123 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 87 IS 1 BP 603 EP 605 DI 10.1063/1.371905 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 265KW UT WOS:000084244300094 ER PT J AU Craig, DK Davis, JS Hansen, DJ Petrocchi, AJ Powell, TJ Tuccinardi, TE AF Craig, DK Davis, JS Hansen, DJ Petrocchi, AJ Powell, TJ Tuccinardi, TE TI Derivation of temporary emergency exposure limits (TEELs) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemical safety; hazard assessment; concentration limits; emergency response planning guidelines (ERPGs); temporary limits AB Short-term chemical concentration limits are used in a variety of applications, including emergency planning and response, hazard assessment and safety analysis. Development of emergency response planning guidelines (ERPGs) and acute exposure guidance levels (AEGLs) are predicated on this need. Unfortunately, the development of peer-reviewed community exposure limits for emergency planning cannot be done rapidly (relatively few ERPGs or AEGLs are published each year). To be protective of Department of Energy (DOE) workers, on-site personnel and the adjacent general public, the DOE Subcommittee on Consequence Assessment and Protective Actions (SCAPA) has developed a methodology for deriving temporary emergency exposure limits (TEELs) to serve as temporary guidance until ERPGs or AEGLs can be developed. These TEELs are approximations to ERPGs to be used until peer-reviewed toxicology-based ERPGs, AEGL or equivalents can be developed. Originally, the TEEL method used only hierarchies of published concentration limits (e.g. PEL- or TLV-TWAs, -STELs or -Cs, and IDLHs) to provide estimated values approximating ERPGs, Published toxicity data (e.g. LC50, LCLO, LD50 and LDLO for TEEL-3, and TCLO and TDLO for TEEL-2) are included in the expanded method for deriving TEELs presented in this paper. The addition here of published toxicity data (in addition to the exposure limit hierarchy) enables TEELs to be developed for a much wider range of chemicals than before. Hierarchy-based values take precedence over toxicity-based values, and human toxicity data are used in preference to animal toxicity data. Subsequently, default assumptions based on statistical correlations of ERPGs at different levels (e.g. ratios of ERPG-3s to ERPG-2s) are used to calculate TEELs where there are gaps in the data. Most required input data are available in the literature and on CD ROMs, so the required TEELs for a new chemical can be developed quickly. The new TEEL hierarchy/toxicity methodology has been used to develop community exposure limits for over 1200 chemicals to date. The new TEEL methodology enables emergency planners to develop useful approximations to peer-reviewed community exposure limits (such as the ERPGs) with a high degree of confidence. For definitions and acronyms, see Appendix. Copyright (C) 2000 Westinghouse Safety Management Solutions LLC obtained pursuant to US government contract. C1 Westinghouse Safety Management Solut Inc, Aiken, SC 29803 USA. Lockheed Martin Hanford Corp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Westinghouse Safety Management Solut Inc, Denver, CO 80111 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. US Dept Energy, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. RP Craig, DK (reprint author), Westinghouse Safety Management Solut Inc, POB 5388, Aiken, SC 29804 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0260-437X J9 J APPL TOXICOL JI J. Appl. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 20 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1263(200001/02)20:1<11::AID-JAT622>3.3.CO;2-H PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 284XH UT WOS:000085357800002 PM 10641012 ER PT J AU Whiteman, CD Hubbe, JM Shaw, WJ AF Whiteman, CD Hubbe, JM Shaw, WJ TI Evaluation of an inexpensive temperature datalogger for meteorological applications SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Recent advances in electronics miniaturization have allowed the commercial development of sensor/datalogger combinations that are sufficiently inexpensive and appear to be sufficiently accurate to deploy in measurement arrays to resolve local atmospheric structure over periods of weeks to months. As part of an extended wintertime field experiment in the Columbia Basin of south-central Washington, laboratory and field tests were performed on one such set of battery-powered temperature dataloggers (HOBO H8 Pro from Onset Computer, Bourne, Massachusetts). Five loggers were selected for laboratory calibration. These were accurate to within 0.26 degrees C over the range from -5 degrees to +50 degrees C with a resolution of 0.04 degrees C or better. Sensor time constants were 122 +/- 6 s. Sampling intervals can be varied over a wide range, with onboard data storage of more than 21 000 data points. Field experiences with a set of 15 dataloggers are also described. The loggers appear to be suitable for a variety of meteorological applications. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Whiteman, CD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 6 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 17 IS 1 BP 77 EP 81 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<0077:EOAITD>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 277MK UT WOS:000084937200008 ER PT J AU Saka, O Akaki, H Reeves, GD Baker, DN AF Saka, O Akaki, H Reeves, GD Baker, DN TI Magnetic fields and particle signatures in the vicinity of nightside geosynchronous altitudes in the first one-minute-interval of pi 2 onset: a case study SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PULSATIONS; MAGNETOSPHERE; WAVES; MULTISATELLITE; SATELLITE; MODES; ORBIT AB An onset of pi 2 pulsations was detected at 0402 UT on 26 August 1986 in the midnight sector by the fluxgate magnetometer at the dip-equator (Huancayo, Peru; 1.44 degrees N, 355.9 degrees in geomagnetic coordinates; 12.1 degrees S, 75.2 degrees W in geographic coordinates; L = 1.00). At the same time in the midnight magnetosphere, GOES 6 (L = 6.6, 2128 LT), GOES 5 (L = 6.6, 2306 LT), 1982-019(L = 6.6, 0133 LT) and AMPTE/CCE (L = 7.1, 0206 LT) were monitoring the magnetic fields and flux of low-energy particles (electrons; 30-200 keV, protons; 63-230 keV). An examination is made here for the initial disturbances in the first 1-min of pi 2 onset as observed by these satellites in the night-time magnetosphere. It is found that the initial disturbances in the vicinity of the geosynchronous altitudes are not confined to narrow longitudes but appear over a wide range of longitudes that may span 21-02 LT. These disturbances are discussed in terms of the plasma filling processes of the flux tubes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Kurume Natl Coll Technol, Dept Phys, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan. Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka, Japan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Saka, O (reprint author), Kurume Natl Coll Technol, Dept Phys, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan. RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 62 IS 1 BP 17 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(99)00104-2 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 293FZ UT WOS:000085842200002 ER PT J AU Cheng, MD Schroeder, WH AF Cheng, MD Schroeder, WH TI Potential atmospheric transport pathways for mercury measured in the Canadian high arctic SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE arctic mercury; atmospheric transport; sources; + receptor models ID SOURCE REGIONS; DEPOSITION; RATES; AIR AB Large-scale transport pathways for atmospheric gaseous mercury emitted from surrounding source regions to reach the Alert sampling site located at the Northwest Territories of Canada between August 1992 and August 1993 were investigated. The 12-month atmospheric mercury data set comprises blank-corrected total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations collected on gold-coated sand traps during one-week long sampling intervals. For TGM concentrations above the 12-month mean TGM level, the analysis reveals regions in Eastern Europe (close to East Germany and Poland), areas on Northeastern America in Canada (Northwest Territories), and central Siberia of the former U.S.S.R. Identification of the physical locations of the emission sources was limited by the temporal resolution of weekly averaged data; however, major atmospheric pathways of mercury transport to the Arctic were successfully resolved. The objective of this note is to demonstrate that the potential source contribution function could be applied to resolve the sources and recover transport pathways of atmospheric mercury over a large scale. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Atmospher Environm Serv, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RP Cheng, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/C-1098-2012; OI Cheng, Meng-Dawn/0000-0003-1407-9576 NR 16 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7764 J9 J ATMOS CHEM JI J. Atmos. Chem. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 35 IS 1 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1023/A:1006259625983 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 267TW UT WOS:000084376200007 ER PT J AU Ralston, CY Sclavi, B Brenowitz, M Sullivan, M Chance, MR AF Ralston, CY Sclavi, B Brenowitz, M Sullivan, M Chance, MR TI The early folding intermediates of the tetrahymena ribozyme are kinetically trapped SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conversation in Biomolecular Stereodynamics CY JUN 15-19, 1999 CL SUNY ALBANY, ALBANY, NEW YORK SP SUNY Albany, Dept Chem, SUNY Albany, Inst Biomolec Stereodynam HO SUNY ALBANY ID GROUP-I RIBOZYME; CATALYTIC RNA MOLECULE; HAMMERHEAD RIBOZYME; TERTIARY STRUCTURE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NUCLEIC-ACID; ACTIVE-SITE; DOMAIN; CORE AB The "RNA folding problem" is a fundamental and challenging question in contemporary biophysics. Understanding the mechanism(s) by which RNA molecules fold into compact structures capable of biological activity is important because RNA folding is closely tied to cellular regulation and metabolism and catalytic RNAs are potential reagents for gene therapy. Unlike the "protein folding problem" which has been under study for many decades, the study of RNA tertiary structure stability and folding is a relatively new field of endeavor. Thus, a detailed understanding of both the thermodynamics;md kinetics of RNA folding are only now beginning to emerge. Kinetic traps have been observed in the late folding steps of the Tetrahymena ribozyme. In this study we extend our "synchrotron footprinting" analysis of the Tetrahymena ribozyme (Sclavi, et al., Science 279, 1940-1943, 1998) to probe the potential presence of kinetic traps in other steps in the folding mechanism. Examination of the folding in 3M urea demonstrates a significant increase in the rates of folding for early folding steps in the formation of the ribozyme tertiary structure. These data support the conclusion of Williamson and co-workers that the rate-limiting sep in the folding of the Tetrahymena ribozyme is kinetically trapped by native interactions (Rook et al., J. Mel. Bio., 281, 609-620, 1998). Kinetic trapping also occurs in the formation of intermediates earlier in the folding reaction, and in these cases nonnative interactions may also play a role in the barrier to folding. C1 Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Ctr Synchrotron Biosci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Ctr Synchrotron Biosci, Dept Biochem, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chance, MR (reprint author), Yeshiva Univ Albert Einstein Coll Med, Ctr Synchrotron Biosci, Dept Physiol & Biophys, 1300 Morris Pk Ave, Bronx, NY 10461 USA. EM mrc@aecom.yu.edu RI sclavi, bianca/F-8536-2010 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ADENINE PRESS INC PI GUILDERLAND PA PO BOX 355/340, GUILDERLAND, NY 12084 USA SN 0739-1102 J9 J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN JI J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. PY 2000 SI S2 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 375PJ UT WOS:000165410200003 ER PT J AU Khomyakova, E Liquier, J Huynh-Dinh, T Florentiev, V Mirzabekov, A Taillandier, E AF Khomyakova, E Liquier, J Huynh-Dinh, T Florentiev, V Mirzabekov, A Taillandier, E TI Targeting of Pu.Py duplexes by GA and GT rich oligonucleotides on microchip and in solution SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Conversation in Biomolecular Stereodynamics CY JUN 15-19, 1999 CL SUNY ALBANY, ALBANY, NY SP SUNY Albany, Dept Chem, SUNY Albany, Inst Biomolec Stereodynam HO SUNY ALBANY ID TRIPLE-HELIX; DNA; EXPRESSION; BINDING; GENE; PROTEIN AB Formation of triple helices with GA and GT third strands has been studied. Besides the usual investigation techniques common for characterizing triple helical formation (CD spectroscopy, gel shift mobility assay, chemical probing and S1 nuclease footprinting) we have used a new technique in which targeting of polypurine sequences in duplexes was demonstrated on oligonucleotide microchips. This technique is very successful to quickly test a large number of potential triple helix formation. In this work we used oligonucleotide microarray to study the specificity of DNA duplex recognition by GA and GT strands. Generic 6-mer microchip containing all possible 4(6) = 4,096 single-stranded hexadeoxyribonucleotides immobilized within individual gel pads was applied. To study formation of intermolecular triple helices on the generic microchip, a number of Pu.Py duplexes were formed by hybridization of the mixture of purine octadeoxyribonucleotides on the microchip followed by targeting of the duplexes by GA or GT third strands. Melting behavior of the formed structures was investigated using fluorescence measurements under microscope. In solution we present the results obtained for GT triplexes and discuss the characteristics of the CD spectra. Results obtained by S1 nuclease footprinting, KMnO4 and DMS chemical probing are consistent with the spectroscopic data reflecting tripler structure formation. C1 Russian Acad Sci, VA Engelhardt Mol Biol Inst, Moscow 117984, Russia. Univ Paris 13, CNRS, URA 1430, Lab Spectroscopie Biomol, F-93017 Bobigny, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Inst Pasteur, CNRS, URA 487, Unite Chim Organ, F-75724 Paris 15, France. RP Russian Acad Sci, VA Engelhardt Mol Biol Inst, 32 Vavilov St, Moscow 117984, Russia. EM echom@imb.ac.ru NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0739-1102 EI 1538-0254 J9 J BIOMOL STRUCT DYN JI J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn. PY 2000 SI S2 BP 227 EP 235 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 375PJ UT WOS:000165410200008 ER PT J AU Albala, JS Franke, K McConnell, IR Pak, KL Folta, PA Karlak, B Rubinfeld, B Davies, AH Lennon, GG Clark, R AF Albala, JS Franke, K McConnell, IR Pak, KL Folta, PA Karlak, B Rubinfeld, B Davies, AH Lennon, GG Clark, R TI From genes to proteins: High-throughput expression and purification of the human proteome SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID GTPASE-ACTIVATING PROTEIN; SINGLE-STEP PURIFICATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LINKAGE MAP; BACULOVIRUSES; POLYPEPTIDES; GENOMICS; BIOLOGY; FUSIONS; YEAST AB The development of high-throughput methods for gene discovery has paved the way for the design of new strategies for genome-scale protein analysis. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., have produced an automatable system for the expression and purification of large numbers of proteins encoded by cDNA clones from the IMAGE (Integrated Molecular Analysis of Genomes and Their Expression) collection. This high-throughput protein expression system has been developed for the analysis of the human proteome, the protein equivalent of the human genome, comprising the translated products of all expressed genes. Functional and structural analysis of novel genes identified by EST (Expressed Sequence Tag) sequencing and the Human Genome Project will be greatly advanced by the application of this high-throughput expression system for protein production. A prototype was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of our approach. Using a PCR-based strategy, 72 unique IMAGE cDNA clones have been used to create an array of recombinant baculoviruses in a 96-well microtiter plate format. Forty-two percent of these cDNAs successfully produced soluble, recombinant protein. All of the steps in this process, from PCR to protein production, were performed in 96-well microtiter plates, and are thus amenable to automation. Each recombinant protein was engineered to incorporate an epitope tag at the amino terminal end to allow for immunoaffinity purification. Proteins expressed from this system are currently being analyzed for functional and biochemical properties, J. Cell. Biochem. 80:187-191, 2000. (C) 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Onyx Pharmaceut Inc, Richmond, CA 94806 USA. RP Albala, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, 7000 East Ave L-452, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 23 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PY 2000 VL 80 IS 2 BP 187 EP 191 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 385UQ UT WOS:000166022600004 PM 11074586 ER PT J AU Galande, S Kohwi-Shigematsu, T AF Galande, S Kohwi-Shigematsu, T TI Linking chromatin architecture to cellular phenotype: BUR-binding proteins in cancer SO JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE PARP; SAF-A; Ku 70/86; HMG-I(Y); breast cancer; MARs ID MATRIX ATTACHMENT SEQUENCES; MOBILITY-GROUP PROTEINS; NUCLEAR-MATRIX; BREAST-CANCER; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE; DNA-ELEMENTS; MUTANT P53; DEPENDENT TRANSCRIPTION; CHAIN ENHANCER; IN-VIVO C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kohwi-Shigematsu, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Mail Stop 84-171, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0730-2312 J9 J CELL BIOCHEM JI J. Cell. Biochem. PY 2000 SU 35 BP 36 EP 45 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 430PB UT WOS:000168582000005 ER PT J AU Ortiz, TM Meyer, BA Razani, A AF Ortiz, TM Meyer, BA Razani, A TI Empirical correlation of equilibrium separation factors in the Pd-H-2/D-2 system with temperature and composition SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article AB The range of available data on separation factors (a) in the palladium-hydrogen/deuterium system has been extended in this study using a thermal conductivity detector. The thermal conductivity detector employed a matched pair of glass-coated bead thermistors to measure the gas-phase composition of hydrogen isotope mixtures. Separation factors (cl) were measured in the P-phase, over the temperature (T) and hydrogen mole fraction (x(H)) ranges T = 175 K to 389 K and xH = 0.195 to 0.785, respectively. These data were correlated with temperature (T) and hydrogen mole fraction in the palladium (xH) by a = exp[-0.27 + B(x(H))(1000/T)(0.75)] and B(x(H)) = 0.5155 - 0.0569x(H) - 0.12x(H)(2), where B(x(H)) is an empirical function relating the dependence of the separation factor on composition. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Engn Mech, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Meyer, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Applicat Div, POB 1663,MS G780, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JAN-FEB PY 2000 VL 45 IS 1 BP 120 EP 123 DI 10.1021/je990199z PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 282ML UT WOS:000085222600025 ER PT J AU Wilkerson, MP Burns, CJ Paine, RT Scott, BL AF Wilkerson, MP Burns, CJ Paine, RT Scott, BL TI Synthesis and structure of tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenoxide) bis(THF) uranium(IV) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; uranium (IV); dichlorophenoxide ID ALKOXIDE; COMPLEXES AB The reaction of UCl4 with KO-2,6-Cl2C6H3 in tetrahydrofuran results in the preparation of the title compound. The six-coordinate complex possesses pseudo-octahedral geometry about uranium, with U-O(phenoxide) bond lengths in the range 2.161(11) to 2.178(10) Angstrom and U-O(THF) bond lengths of 2.467(10) and 2.475(11) Angstrom. This complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P2(1)/n (a = 11.169(2), b = 11.588(2), c = 35.119(5) Angstrom, beta = 92.11(1)degrees, V = 4542.2(13) Angstrom(3), and Z = 4). C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Burns, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI G, Neela/H-3016-2014; Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1074-1542 J9 J CHEM CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Chem. Crystallogr. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 30 IS 1 BP 7 EP 10 DI 10.1023/A:1009594612946 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Spectroscopy SC Crystallography; Spectroscopy GA 347LA UT WOS:000088929800001 ER PT J AU Wang, HB Thoss, M Miller, WH AF Wang, HB Thoss, M Miller, WH TI Forward-backward initial value representation for the calculation of thermal rate constants for reactions in complex molecular systems SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; SEMICLASSICAL APPROXIMATIONS; WAVEPACKET PROPAGATION; QUANTUM DYNAMICS; REAL-TIME; S-MATRIX; COLLISIONS; FREEDOM AB The semiclassical (SC) initial value representation (IVR) provides a potentially practical way for including quantum effects into classical molecular dynamics simulations. The forward-backward (FB) version of the IVR provides an especially attractive way for calculating time correlation functions, in particular the reactive flux correlation function which determines chemical reaction rates. This paper presents a further analysis and development of the FB-IVR approach. Applications show that it is feasible and accurate for a reaction coordinate coupled to up to 40 degrees of freedom. (C) 2000 American Institute of Physics. [S0021- 9606(00)01401-X]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, HB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM miller@neon.cchem.berkeley.edu RI Wang, Haobin/E-1208-2011; Thoss, Michael/C-5976-2013 NR 63 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 112 IS 1 BP 47 EP 55 DI 10.1063/1.480560 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 269ZA UT WOS:000084506900007 ER PT J AU Liu, GK Zhorin, VV Li, ST Beitz, JV AF Liu, GK Zhorin, VV Li, ST Beitz, JV TI Crystal field analysis and Monte Carlo simulation of lattice disordering for Cm3+ in YPO4 and LuPO4 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA; MODEL; ABSORPTION; RADIATION AB A method of analyzing inhomogeneous line broadening with crystal-field theory is presented. For actinide ions with unfilled f-shells in solids, the most important contribution to line broadening of f-electron transitions is from short-range interactions with distorted lattice. Optically active curium ions are used to measure the degree of radiation damage in the vicinity of their lattice site. The radiation damage was produced by decay of distant Cm-244(3+) ions. Fluorescence line narrowing (FLN) spectra show that inhomogeneous line broadening induced by alpha-decay of the actinide ion Cm-244(3+) in single crystals of LuPO4 and YPO4 has a microscopic nature. Namely, correlation is absent between energy levels of the Cm3+ ions at different local environments. Monte Carlo simulation of lattice distortion and crystal-field calculation of Cm3+ energy levels have been conducted to provide a quantitative interpretation of the experimental results. This method should be applicable to 4f- and 3d-ions in crystalline materials with lattice distortion. [S0021-9606(00)71001-4]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, GK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Zhorin, Victor/0000-0001-9777-4421 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2000 VL 112 IS 1 BP 373 EP 382 DI 10.1063/1.480587 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 269ZA UT WOS:000084506900043 ER PT J AU Oakes, CS Felmy, AR Sterner, SM AF Oakes, CS Felmy, AR Sterner, SM TI Thermodynamic properties of aqueous calcium nitrate {Ca(NO3)(2)} to the temperature 373 K including new enthalpy of dilution data SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE calcium nitrate; dilution enthalpies; Pitzer ion-interaction; activity coefficients; aqueous electrolytes ID MOLAR HEAT-CAPACITIES; ACTIVITY-COEFFICIENTS; OSMOTIC COEFFICIENTS; CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; ELECTROLYTES; SYSTEM; PRESSURES; 298.15-K; VOLUMES AB In this study we present new enthalpy of dilution measurements at T = (298.15, 323, 348, and 373) K and for molalities of less than 6.674 mol kg(-1). These new data fill a gap in the thermodynamic database between T = 298.15 K and T = 373 K where virtually no high-quality data at low to moderate molalities previously existed. These new data have been fitted with a Pitzer ion-interaction model with an ionic-strength dependent second virial coefficient. The model accurately reproduces the available osmotic, dilution enthalpy, heat capacity, and volumetric data to m = 8.0 mol kg(-1) and for 298.15 K less than or equal to T less than or equal to 373 K. The model is at least qualitatively correct to m approximate to 20 mol kg(-1) over the same temperature range. Data above T = 373 K are very limited, and with the exception of new dilution enthalpy data presented in this paper, we are not aware of any above p = 0.1 MPa or the vapor-saturated liquid surface. (C) 2000 Academic Press. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Fluid Inclus Technol, Broken Arrow, OK 74012 USA. RP Oakes, CS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,P7-50, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 32 IS 1 BP 29 EP 54 DI 10.1006/jcht.1999.0565 PG 26 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 275TY UT WOS:000084837300003 ER PT J AU Holmes, HF Simonson, JM Mesmer, RE AF Holmes, HF Simonson, JM Mesmer, RE TI Aqueous solutions of the mono- and di-hydrogenphosphate salts of sodium and potassium at elevated temperatures. Isopiestic results SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE MHPO4 (aq); isopiestic; high-temperature; osmotic; activity ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ELECTROLYTES; WATER AB Isopiestic molalities of aqueous solutions of Na2HPO4, K2HPO4, NaH2PO4, and KH2PO4 have been measured at intervals from T = 383.15 K to T = 498.15 K, with NaCl (aq) as the isopiestic standard for the calculation of osmotic coefficients. Osmotic coefficients for these electrolytes, already low at T = 298.15 K, decreased even more at elevated temperatures, becoming quite low with equilibrium isopiestic molalities as large as 15 mol.kg(-1). Minor modifications of the standard ion-interaction model were necessary in order to obtain an acceptable fit of the experimental osmotic coefficients. Stoichiometric activity coefficients were computed from parameters resulting from the least-squares fit, which was quite good, of the osmotic coefficients. In the case of the di-hydrogenphosphates the relative order of the osmotic and activity coefficients reversed at the higher temperatures, which was not observed for the mono-hydrogenphosphates. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Holmes, HF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JAN PY 2000 VL 32 IS 1 BP 77 EP 96 DI 10.1006/jcht.1999.0571 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 275TY UT WOS:000084837300006 ER EF