FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Olejniczak, I Jones, BR Zhu, Z Dong, J Musfeldt, JL Schlueter, JA Morales, E Geiser, U Nixon, PG Winter, RW Gard, GL AF Olejniczak, I Jones, BR Zhu, Z Dong, J Musfeldt, JL Schlueter, JA Morales, E Geiser, U Nixon, PG Winter, RW Gard, GL TI Optical properties of beta ''-(ET)(2)SF5RSO3 (R = CH2CF2, CHFCF2): Changing physical properties by chemical tuning of the counterion SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR; BEDT-TTF; FERMI-SURFACE; SALTS; BIS(ETHYLENEDITHIO)TETRATHIAFULVALENE; CONDUCTORS; RAMAN; HEAT AB We report the polarized infrared reflectance of beta "-(ET)(2)SF5CHFCF2SO3 as a function of temperature. This salt is a derivative of the first fully organic superconductor, beta "-(ET)(2)SF5CH2CF2SO3, where the nature of the alkyl group has been modified to contain a chiral center. This small chemical modification has a dramatic effect on the spectral and charge transport properties. The beta "-(ET)(2)SF5CHFCF2SO3 complex displays highly anisotropic behavior compared with the superconducting material; the essential difference is observed in the perpendicular to b direction where the interdimer interaction is weak, in agreement with recent theoretical calculations. The temperature dependence of key anion vibrational modes is discussed in terms of intermolecular hydrogen bonding within the anion pocket. That small chemical modifications of the anion template result in such striking changes in the physical properties suggests that the beta "-(ET)(2)SF5RSO3 system is quite close to a Mott phase boundary. C1 SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Mol Phys, Poznan, Poland. RP Musfeldt, JL (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RI Zhu, Zhengtao/A-1633-2009 OI Zhu, Zhengtao/0000-0002-9311-2110 NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 11 IS 11 BP 3160 EP 3165 DI 10.1021/cm990240h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 257HG UT WOS:000083776000025 ER PT J AU Loy, DA Beach, JV Baugher, BM Assink, RA Shea, KJ Tran, J Small, JH AF Loy, DA Beach, JV Baugher, BM Assink, RA Shea, KJ Tran, J Small, JH TI Dialkylene carbonate-bridged polysilsesquioxanes. Hybrid organic-inorganic sol-gels with a thermally labile bridging group SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SILICA-GELS; POLYCARBONATES; CHEMISTRY; DESIGN AB In this paper, we introduce a new approach for altering the properties of bridged polysilsesquioxane xerogels using postprocessing modification of the polymeric network. The bridging organic group contains latent functionalities that can be liberated thermally, photochemically, or chemically after the gel has been processed to a xerogel. These modifications can produce changes in density, solubility, porosity, and or chemical properties of the material. Since every monomer possesses two latent functional groups, the technique allows for the introduction of high levels of functionality in hybrid organic-inorganic materials. Dialkylene carbonate-bridged polysilsesquioxane gels were prepared by the sol-gel polymerization of bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) carbonate (1) and bis(triethoxysilylisobutyl) carbonate (2). Thermal treatment of the resulting nonporous xerogels and aerogels at 300-350 degrees C resulted in quantitative decarboxylation of the dialkylene carbonate bridging groups to give new hydroxyalkyl and olefinic substituted polysilsesquioxane monolithic xerogels and aerogels that cannot be directly prepared through direct sol-gel polymerization of organotrialkoxysilanes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Catalysis & Chem Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymers & Coating Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Loy, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Catalysis & Chem Technol Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Loy, Douglas/D-4847-2009 OI Loy, Douglas/0000-0001-7635-9958 NR 25 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 11 IS 11 BP 3333 EP 3341 DI 10.1021/cm990405m PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 257HG UT WOS:000083776000052 ER PT J AU Wilbanks, TJ Kates, RW AF Wilbanks, TJ Kates, RW TI Global change in local places: How scale matters SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTEGRATED ASSESSMENTS; UNITED-STATES; EMISSIONS; ECOLOGY; VULNERABILITY; PRECIPITATION; FLUCTUATIONS; INVENTORIES; TEMPERATURE AB Relationships between local and global scales deserve more attention than they have received in the global change research enterprise to date. This paper examines how and why scale matters, drawing on six basic arguments; examines the current state of the top-down global change research paradigm to evaluate the fit across relevant scale domains between global structure and local agency; and reviews current research efforts to better link the local and global scales of attention and action. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Independent Scholar, Trenton, MO USA. RP Wilbanks, TJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 79 TC 200 Z9 218 U1 1 U2 32 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD NOV PY 1999 VL 43 IS 3 BP 601 EP 628 DI 10.1023/A:1005418924748 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 237PW UT WOS:000082666100005 ER PT J AU Gussio, R Giannakakou, P Nogales, E Downing, KH Zaharevitz, D Sackett, D Nicolaou, KC Fojo, T AF Gussio, R Giannakakou, P Nogales, E Downing, KH Zaharevitz, D Sackett, D Nicolaou, KC Fojo, T TI A common pharmacophore for microtubule-stabilizing agents: molecular basis for drug resistance conferred by tubulin mutations in human cancer cells. SO CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Chem, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NIDDK, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NCI, Informat Technol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Med Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1078-0432 J9 CLIN CANCER RES JI Clin. Cancer Res. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 5 SU S MA 640 BP 3858S EP 3858S PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 260JL UT WOS:000083945700635 ER PT J AU Phuoc, TX White, FP AF Phuoc, TX White, FP TI Laser-induced spark ignition of CH4/air mixtures SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID METHANE-AIR MIXTURES; COPPER WIRE TARGETS; PHOTOCHEMICAL IGNITION; PREMIXED GASES; WATER DROPLETS; PLASMAS; FLAME; PHOTOLYSIS; COMBUSTION AB Laser-induced spark ignition of CH4-air mixtures was experimentally investigated using a nanosecond pulse at 1064 nm from a Q-switched Nd-Yag laser. Laser irradiance in the order of 10(12) to 10(13) W/cm(2) was found to be sufficient to ignite a mixture having from 6.5 to 17% methane by volume (equivalence ratio, ER, from 0.66 to 1.95). The dependence of the breakdown threshold laser energy, E-thr, on the gas pressure was in agreement with the electron cascade theory. Depending on the laser energy, E-o, the spark absorption coefficient in the range from 0.1 to about 100 cm(-1) was calculated using the electron-ion inverse bremsstrahlung process. The minimum ignition energy was about one order of magnitude higher than the minimum ignition energy obtained by the electric spark ignition. It had its lowest value remaining at about 3 to 4 mJ for a mixture having 10 to 15% methane by volume (ER = 1.058 to 1.68) and it increased sharply toward the far-lean and the far-rich sides of the stoichiometry. The average length and radius of the spark for a stoichiometric or near-stoichiometric methane-air mixture were about 0.8 mm and 0.3 mm, respectively. For lean or rich methane-air mixtures, the average long axis of the spark size varied from about 0.8 to 2 mm, whereas for the short axis it varied from about 0.4 to 1.2 mm depending on the methane volume fraction. (C) 1999 by The Combustion Institute. C1 US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Phuoc, TX (reprint author), US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, POB 10940,MS 84-340, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 38 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD NOV PY 1999 VL 119 IS 3 BP 203 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(99)00051-6 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 240YY UT WOS:000082855400001 ER PT J AU Shen, CP Chacon, LC Rosov, N Elder, SH Allman, JC Bartlett, N AF Shen, CP Chacon, LC Rosov, N Elder, SH Allman, JC Bartlett, N TI The structure of R-NiF3, and synthesis, and magnetism of new R(3)over-bar (MNiF6)-Ni-II-F-IV (M = Fe, Co, Cu, Zn), and (MNiF4)-Ni-II-F-II (M = Co, Cu) SO COMPTES RENDUS DE L ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES SERIE II FASCICULE C-CHIMIE LA English DT Article DE field-dependent magnetic susceptibility metastability; pseudo-trifluorides; room-temperature preparations ID NICKEL FLUORIDES; SALTS AB Neutron diffraction, at 2 K, of R-NiF3 indicates the formulation approaches (NiNiF6)-Ni-II-F-IV, with Ni-II-F = 1.959(3) and Ni-IV-F = 1.811(3) Angstrom, but 295 K data allow for only a slight increase in any Ni-III. Relatives have been precipitated from liquid anhydrous HF, at less than or equal to 20 degrees C, by adding K2NiF6 to M(SbF6)(2) (M = Co, Cu, Zn) or M(AsF6)(2) (M = Fe). CuNiF6 like NiNiF6 is metastable and loses Fz easily, above 40 degrees C. CuNiF6 is reduced by Xe or C3F6 at -20 degrees C; CoNiF6 Py H-2 at 350 degrees C, each giving pseudo-rutile MNiF4. Magnetic data indicate the dominant formulation is (MNiF6)-Ni-II-F-IV (Ni(IV) low spin d(6)) with field dependence in CoNiF6 (less than or equal to 220 K) and FeNiF6 (less than or equal to 295 K). (C) 1999 Academie des sciences / Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shen, CP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1387-1609 J9 CR ACAD SCI II C JI Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci. Ser. II C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 2 IS 11-13 BP 557 EP 563 DI 10.1016/S1387-1609(00)88566-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 271XN UT WOS:000084620300005 ER PT J AU Lian, T Jones, DA AF Lian, T Jones, DA TI Electrochemical corrosion behavior of low carbon steel in concentrated geologic vadose waters SO CORROSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Corrosion 98 Meeting CY MAR, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA DE anodic polarization; pitting; low-carbon steel; vadose waters; pitting potential; polarization resistance; protection potential; silicates; surface precipitate ID WASTE AB The corrosion performance of type 1016 (UNS G10160) low-carbon steel (LCS) was evaluated by direct current (DC) polarization techniques in waters with concentrated solutes expected in the vadose waters of the proposed Yucca Mountain (YM) geologic nuclear waste storage repository. Solute concentration simulated the expected effects of boiling and evaporation in the vadose waters surrounding the YM waste packages. LCS, a candidate material for the outer layer in current multibarrier waste-package designs, corroded at low general rates with no localized corrosion in deaerated waters at 25 degrees C concentrated to 10 times (X), 100X, and 1,000X the reference water-well concentrations. Higher water temperatures (up to 90 degrees C) and concentrations (100X and 1,000X) favored precipitation of silicate surface layers that further decreased corrosion rates and significantly increased apparent pitting potentials in deaerated water, Aeration increased corrosion rates significantly in 10X water at 25 degrees C, but had lesser effects at 100X and 1,000X. Aeration and chloride additions also significantly degraded the protectiveness of inhibitive precipitate surface films. Added soluble Fe3+ in aerated 10X waters increased general corrosion at 25 degrees C and initiated pitting at still higher concentrations and temperatures. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Chem & Met Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Lian, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L532, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 55 IS 11 BP 1012 EP 1019 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 260XZ UT WOS:000083979900002 ER PT J AU Prakash, J Redey, L AF Prakash, J Redey, L TI Corrosion studies of nickel-200 in high-temperature ZEBRA batteries at 300 degrees C SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ZEBRA battery; nickel chloride; sodium; corrosion; electrochemical parameters AB Nickel-200 specimens were tested for chemical, electrochemical, and stress corrosion in chloroaluminate melt at 300 degrees C. These samples were analyzed using metallographic and analytical techniques. There was negligible corrosion of Ni-200 in the chloroaluminate melt even after several months of testing. The corrosion inhibition was associated with the formation of a low-conducting nickel chloride barrier layer on the surface of the nickel electrode. The increasingly higher resistance of this layer prevents the further thickening of the layer and thereby limiting the charge uptake and consequently, further corrosion. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IIT, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Prakash, J (reprint author), IIT, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 41 IS 11 BP 2075 EP 2082 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 251AT UT WOS:000083423000002 ER PT J AU Loomis, RS Amthor, JS AF Loomis, RS Amthor, JS TI Yield potential, plant assimilatory capacity, and metabolic efficiencies SO CROP SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Post-Green Revolution Trends in Crop Yield Potential - Increasing, Stagnant, or Greater Resistance to Stress held at the Annual ASA-CSSA-SSSA Meeting CY OCT 19, 1998 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP CSSA, Div C1 C2 C3, ASA, Div A6, Rockefeller Fdn ID RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY; C-4 PLANTS; RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACCLIMATION; DARK RESPIRATION; NITROGEN-CONTENT; MATURE LEAVES; CO2 UPTAKE; LIGHT; BIOMASS AB The structure, control, and efficiency of photosynthetic and respiratory systems are examined. Genetic control is complex and highly conserved, While many features are still unresolved, basic efficiency seems little altered by domestication and breeding of crops. Rubisco, the carboxylase-oxygenase enzyme central to photosynthesis and photorespiration, remains a weak point but may be amenable to improvement. However, the actual radiation-use efficiency of crops is generally less than the potential with present rubisco kinetics, leaving considerable room for improvement without change in rubisco. Good opportunities for progress lie in definition of optimal canopies of leaves having suitable acclimation and photoprotection, The efficiency of the respiratory system also seems unaffected by plant breeding. Precise evaluation of the roles and efficiencies of the glycolytic pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in production is difficult because, in addition to being sources of energy carriers and reductant, those systems also supply carbon skeletons for biosyntheses, How those systems are controlled and balanced for such diversions is largely unknown, The alternative oxidase found in mitochondria may be involved in that balance but its true role(s) is also unknown. Distinguishing two components of respiration, one related to maintenance and the other to growth, remains a powerful tool in theoretical studies. In such work, the respiratory system appears efficient, but proving that in experiments remains elusive. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Loomis, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Amthor, Jeffrey/F-2696-2016 OI Amthor, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1410-6100 NR 73 TC 90 Z9 101 U1 2 U2 26 PU CROP SCIENCE SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0011-183X J9 CROP SCI JI Crop Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1584 EP 1596 PG 13 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 274WH UT WOS:000084787700006 ER PT J AU Hamajima, T Hanai, S Wachi, Y Kyoto, M Shimada, M Ono, M Shimada, K Kushida, L Tezuka, M Martovetsky, N Zbasnik, J Moller, J Hirano, N Shinoda, K Yamamoto, M Takano, I Himeno, T Satow, T AF Hamajima, T Hanai, S Wachi, Y Kyoto, M Shimada, M Ono, M Shimada, K Kushida, L Tezuka, M Martovetsky, N Zbasnik, J Moller, J Hirano, N Shinoda, K Yamamoto, M Takano, I Himeno, T Satow, T TI Test results of the 100 kWh SMES model coil - AC loss performance SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE SMES; AC losses; cable-in-conduit conductors; forced flow ID RAMP-RATE LIMITATION; CABLE; STRANDS AB In order to establish a technology needed for a small-scale 100 kWh SMES device, an SMES model coil was fabricated. Performance tests were carried out at the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) in 1996. After that, the coil was installed in the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) facility and tested in 1998, in collaboration between Japan and the United States. The AC losses measured at LLNL were in good agreement with those measured at JAERI. It was reconfirmed that the coupling loss of the coil could be expressed in two components: one with a short and another with a long coupling time constant, We found out from the Hall probe signals that the loop currents with long decay times were induced in the CIC conductor by varying magnetic field. These currents resulted in additional AC loss in the coil. To develop a concept of CIC with low AC loss, we made a sub-scale CIC conductor of strands coated with CuNi. We fabricated a small coil out of this conductor and measured the AC loss. The measured AC loss in this coil was about 1/6 of that in the SMES model coil conductor per strand volume. Thus, the CuNi coating of the strands was demonstrated to be effective to reduce the AC loss in the coil. (C) 2000 Cryogenic Association of Japan, Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Yamaguchi Univ, Ube, Yamaguchi 7558611, Japan. Toshiba Corp, Tsurumi Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2300045, Japan. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Chubu Elect Power Co Inc, Midori Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4598001, Japan. Int Superconduct Technol Ctr, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1050004, Japan. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 5095292, Japan. RP Hamajima, T (reprint author), Yamaguchi Univ, Tokiwadai 2-16-1, Ube, Yamaguchi 7558611, Japan. NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11 BP 947 EP 953 DI 10.1016/S0011-2275(99)00127-7 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 285QV UT WOS:000085400500007 ER PT J AU Sumption, MD Collings, EW Scanlan, RM Nijhuis, A ten Kate, HHJ Kim, SW Wake, M Shintomi, T AF Sumption, MD Collings, EW Scanlan, RM Nijhuis, A ten Kate, HHJ Kim, SW Wake, M Shintomi, T TI Influence of strand surface condition on interstrand contact resistance and coupling loss in NbTi-wound Rutherford cables (vol 39, pg 197, 1999) SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Correction C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Superconducting Magnet Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Twente, Appl Superconduct Ctr, Euschede, Netherlands. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Sumption, MD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 477 Watts Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11 BP 967 EP 968 DI 10.1016/S0011-2275(99)00057-0 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 285QV UT WOS:000085400500010 ER PT J AU Mann, LK King, AW Dale, VH Hargrove, WW Washington-Allen, R Pounds, LR Ashwood, TL AF Mann, LK King, AW Dale, VH Hargrove, WW Washington-Allen, R Pounds, LR Ashwood, TL TI The role of soil classification in geographic information system modeling of habitat pattern: Threatened calcareous ecosystems SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE calcareous; glades; barrens; GIS; Department of Defense; conservation; mollisol; soil taxonomy; threatened and endangered species ID LAND-USE; DISPERSAL; EXAMPLES; ECOLOGY; FOREST; PLANT AB Maps of potential habitat distribution are needed for regional population models of rare species, but reliable information from ground surveys is not always available. Existing data sources from disciplines other than ecological research often are underused. In this article, we discuss the development of a geographic information system (GIS) model that predicts potential habitats from ecosystem information contained in the US soil classification and soil survey. Soil classification and survey were used in the GIS model in an earlier study on the US Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee, to predict threatened calcareous habitats. The model predicts potential habitats from the combination of (a) soil taxon as an indication of long-term ecosystem processes; (b) geologic parent material; and (c) slope class. Satellite imagery was added to indicate current successional state. In this study, we rested the model's predictive ability by using data from the Cedar Creek Slope Glades Preserve at the 44,000-ha US Department of Defense Fort Knox Military Reservation, Kentucky. We then used the model to predict occurrences of potential suitable habitat on the remainder of the Fort Knox reservation, including heavily impacted ordnance and tank training areas that are unsafe for public access; The soil component of the model also was applied to a 1.2 x 10(6)-km(2) region of the US, by using the US Department of Agriculture-National Resources Conservation Service (USDA-NRCS) State Soil Geographic Database (STATSGO) combined with official soil series descriptions. Soil taxa from the USDA-NRCS Soil Taxonomy were demonstrated to be associated with threatened calcareous habitats of rare plant species. These soil taxa were lithic mollisols (rendolls and udolls; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) rendzinas and chernozems) and alfisols (udalfs; FAO luvisols). The combined soil/geology/slope GIS approach has potential for prediction of rare ecosystems with narrow edaphic constraints. The approach would be useful in long-term planning for conservation management and restoration, especially where intensive ground surveys are expensive and/or impractical and where disturbance history obscures patterns of historical distribution. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Energy Environm & Resources Ctr, Computat Phys & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mann, LK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Dale, Virginia/B-6023-2009 NR 59 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1432-9840 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 2 IS 6 BP 524 EP 538 DI 10.1007/s100219900100 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270KG UT WOS:000084534100006 ER PT J AU Vaughey, JT Kepler, KD Benedek, R Thackeray, MM AF Vaughey, JT Kepler, KD Benedek, R Thackeray, MM TI NiAs- versus zinc-blende-type intermetallic insertion electrodes for lithium batteries: lithium extraction from Li2CuSn SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE lithium batteries; intermetallic compounds; lithium-copper-tin; insertion electrode; nickel arsenide; zinc blende AB The extraction of lithium from Li2CuSn with a lithiated zinc-blende-type structure has been investigated both chemically and electrochemically. The data show that the resulting LixCuSn (x approximate to 0) product has a NiAs-related structure similar to that of Cu6Sn5 (CuSn0.83). The Li2CuSn structure is described in detail; this structure type has important implications for designing new intermetallic insertion electrodes with zinc-blende-type structures. (C) 1999 Argonne National Laboratory. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thackeray, MM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129 NR 12 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 1 IS 11 BP 517 EP 521 DI 10.1016/S1388-2481(99)00105-8 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 259DD UT WOS:000083877900002 ER PT J AU Iwahara, J Clubb, RT AF Iwahara, J Clubb, RT TI Solution structure of the DNA binding domain from Dead ringer, a sequence-specific AT-rich interaction domain (ARID) SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE AT-rich interaction domain; Dead ringer; DNA binding domain ID QUANTITATIVE J-CORRELATION; CUT HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; COUPLING-CONSTANTS; LARGER PROTEINS; GENE; NMR; REPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION; SPECTROSCOPY AB The Dead ringer protein from Drosophila melanogaster is a transcriptional regulatory protein required for early embryonic development. It is the founding member of a large family of DNA binding proteins that interact with DNA through a highly conserved domain called the AT-rich interaction domain (ARID). The solution structure of the Dead ringer ARID (residues Gly262-Gly398) was determined using NMR spectroscopy. The ARID forms a unique globular structure consisting of eight alpha-helices and a short two-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet. Amino acid sequence homology indicates that ARID DNA binding proteins are partitioned into three structural classes: (i) minimal ARID proteins that consist of a core domain formed by six alpha-helices; (ii) ARID proteins that supplement the core domain with an N-terminal alpha-helix; and (iii) extended-ARID proteins, which contain the core domain and additional alpha-helices at their N- and C-termini. Studies of the Dead ringer-DNA complex suggest that the major groove of DNA is recognized by a helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif and the adjacent minor grooves are contacted by a beta-hairpin and C-terminal alpha-helix. Primary homology suggests that all ARID-containing proteins contact DNA through the HTH and hairpin structures, but only extended-ARID proteins supplement this binding surface with a terminal helix. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Lab Struct Biol & Genet, DOE, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Clubb, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Inst Mol Biol, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 57 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 18 IS 21 BP 6084 EP 6094 DI 10.1093/emboj/18.21.6084 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 254EX UT WOS:000083599900028 PM 10545119 ER PT J AU Rau, GH Caldeira, K AF Rau, GH Caldeira, K TI Enhanced carbonate dissolution: a means of sequestering waste CO2 as ocean bicarbonate SO ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE carbon; CO2; carbon dioxide; fossil fuel; sequestration; mitigation; storage; calcium; carbonate; bicarbonate; limestone; dissolution; weathering; disposal ID DIOXIDE; DISPOSAL; SYSTEMS; CALCITE AB The reaction of a mineral carbonate, such as limestone, with water and CO2 to form bicarbonate in solution, is explored as a CO:! mitigation strategy. Initial cost estimates for such a process range from $18 to $128 per tonne CO2 sequestered, with an energy penalty of about 8% and with relatively low environmental impact. The regional availability and transport of water and mineral carbonate appear to be the primary determinants of the strategy's cost and applicability. The bicarbonate-rich waste effluent would be released into rivers or coastal waters, ultimately adding a small amount to the existing, very large bicarbonate reservoir in the ocean. For many applications, this form of 'marine' carbon sequestration appears to be less costly, less affected by national and international regulations, more environmentally friendly and more effective over the long term than direct CO2 injection into the ocean. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Res Ocean Carbon Sequestrat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Rau, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ctr Res Ocean Carbon Sequestrat, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011 NR 43 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0196-8904 J9 ENERG CONVERS MANAGE JI Energy Conv. Manag. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 40 IS 17 BP 1803 EP 1813 DI 10.1016/S0196-8904(99)00071-0 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Mechanics GA 239DK UT WOS:000082753400002 ER PT J AU Marquevich, M Czernik, S Chornet, E Montane, D AF Marquevich, M Czernik, S Chornet, E Montane, D TI Hydrogen from biomass: Steam reforming of model compounds of fast-pyrolysis oil SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID FOSSIL-FUELS AB We investigated the production of hydrogen by the catalytic steam reforming of model compounds of biomass fast-pyrolysis oil (bio-oil). Acetic acid, m-cresol, dibenzyl ether, glucose, xylose, and sucrose were reformed using two commercial nickel-based catalysts for steam reforming naphtha. The experiments were conducted at a methane-equivalent gas hourly space velocity (G(C1)HSV) from 500 to 11790 h(-1). Steam-to-carbon ratios (S/C) of 3 and 6 and catalyst temperatures from 550 to 810 degrees C were selected. Rapid coking of the catalyst was observed during acetic acid reforming at temperatures lower than 650 degrees C. Acetic acid, m-cresol, and dibenzyl ether were completely converted to hydrogen and carbon oxides above this temperature, and hydrogen yields ranged from 70 to 90% of the stoichiometric potential, depending on the feedstock and reforming conditions. Sugars were difficult to reform because they readily decomposed through pyrolysis in the freeboard of the reactor. This led to the formation of char and gases before contacting the catalyst particles. C1 Univ Rovira & Virgili, Dept Chem Engn, Tarragona 43006, Catalunya, Spain. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Sherbrooke, Dept Chem Engn, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. RP Montane, D (reprint author), Univ Rovira & Virgili, Dept Chem Engn, Carretera Salou S-n, Tarragona 43006, Catalunya, Spain. RI Montane, Daniel/K-9172-2014 OI Montane, Daniel/0000-0002-5273-8870 NR 19 TC 163 Z9 175 U1 1 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1160 EP 1166 DI 10.1021/ef990034w PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258DC UT WOS:000083822000008 ER PT J AU Dayton, DC Belle-Oudry, D Nordin, A AF Dayton, DC Belle-Oudry, D Nordin, A TI Effect of coal minerals on chlorine and alkali metals released during biomass/coal cofiring SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; FIRING STRAW; COMBUSTION; PYROLYSIS; FUELS AB The combustion behavior, gaseous emissions, and alkali metals released during the combustion of several biomass/coal blends were investigated using a direct sampling, molecular beam mass spectrometer (MBMS) system in conjunction with a high-temperature alumina-tube now reactor. Pittsburgh No. 8 and Eastern Kentucky coals were blended with various biomass samples such as red oak wood chips, Imperial wheat straw, and Danish wheat straw. The coal/biomass blends were 15% biomass on an energy input basis. All pure fuels and blends were subjected to combustion in 20% oxygen in helium at a furnace temperature of 1100 degrees C, and the products were monitored with the MBMS. The amounts of NO(g) and SO2(g) detected during the combustion of the coal/biomass blends suggested that any change was the result of diluting the nitrogen and sulfur present in the fuel blend. The amount of HCl(g) detected during the combustion of the coal/wheat straw blends was higher than expected based on the combustion results for the pure fuels. Conversely, the amounts of KCl(g) and NaCl(g) detected during the combustion of the coal/wheat straw blends was lower than expected. Chemical equilibrium calculations indicated that the amounts of condensed alkali species were significantly enhanced, usually in the form of Sanidine (K2O*Al2O3*6SiO(2)) and Albite (Na2O*Al2O3*6SiO(2)). Therefore, the lower-than-expected amounts of gas-phase potassium chloride detected during combustion of the wheat straw/coal blends was likely the result of potassium being sequestered in the condensed phase by the clay minerals in the coal. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Umea Univ, Dept Inorgan Chem, Energy Technol Ctr, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. RP Dayton, DC (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Nordin, Anders/F-5717-2015 NR 30 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 13 IS 6 BP 1203 EP 1211 DI 10.1021/ef9900841 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258DC UT WOS:000083822000015 ER PT J AU Unander, F Karbuz, S Schipper, L Khrushch, M Ting, M AF Unander, F Karbuz, S Schipper, L Khrushch, M Ting, M TI Manufacturing energy use in OECD countries: decomposition of long-term trends SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE energy; manufacturing; economic growth ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; INDUSTRY STRUCTURE; INTENSITY AB In this paper we examine manufacturing energy use in 13 OECD countries over the period 1971-1995. We describe changes in aggregate energy intensity using the Adaptive Weighting Divisia decomposition method. We contrast the development in the periods after the oil price shocks of 1973 and 1979 with the period of relatively stable energy prices after the oil price crash of 1986. The results show that manufacturing output grew in most countries, pushing up energy use. The share of electricity increased in almost every sector, while there was a clear trend away from oil and coal towards natural gas. Changes in the structure of output drove up energy use between 1973 and 1994 in some countries and down in others. Changes in energy intensities had a profound and downward effect on manufacturing energy use in all countries. However, contrasting the period after oil prices fell in 1986 with earlier years we see that for most countries the rate of energy intensity decline slowed slightly but did not reverse with falling prices. In a few countries efficiency improvements continued to have a strong effect. This suggests that even without higher prices improvements of energy efficiency seems to take place. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Int Energy Agcy, F-75739 Paris 15, France. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Unander, F (reprint author), Int Energy Agcy, 9 Rue Federat, F-75739 Paris 15, France. NR 18 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD NOV PY 1999 VL 27 IS 13 BP 769 EP 778 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(99)00060-9 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 285NG UT WOS:000085394700002 ER PT J AU Field, RW Steck, DJ Parkhurst, MA Mahaffey, JA Alavanja, MCR AF Field, RW Steck, DJ Parkhurst, MA Mahaffey, JA Alavanja, MCR TI Intercomparison of retrospective radon detectors SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE case-control studies; dose-response relationship (radiation); epidemiologic methods; epidemiologic studies; lung neoplasms; radon; radon progeny; smoking ID LUNG-CANCER; RESIDENTIAL RADON; INDOOR RADON; EXPOSURE; RISK; WOMEN; PRODUCTS; PO-210; GLASS AB We performed both a laboratory and a field intercomparison of two novel glass-based retrospective radon detectors previously used in major radon case-control studies performed in Missouri and Iowa. The new detectors estimate retrospective residential radon exposure from the accumulation of a long-lived radon decay product, Pb-210, in glass. The detectors use track registration material in direct contact with glass surfaces to measure the alpha-emission of a Pb-210-decay product, Po-210. The detector's track density generation rate (tracks per square centimeter per hour) is proportional to the surface a-activity. In the absence of other strong sources of alpha-emission in the glass, the implanted surface alpha-activity should be proportional to the accumulated Po-210, and hence to the cumulative radon gas exposure. The goals of the intercomparison were to a) perform collocated measurements using two different glass-based retrospective radon detectors in a controlled laboratory environment to compare their relative response to implanted polonium in the absence of environmental variation, b) perform collocated measurements using two different retrospective radon progeny detectors in a variety of residential settings to compare their detection of glass-implanted polonium activities, and c) examine the correlation between track density rates and contemporary radon gas concentrations. The laboratory results suggested that the materials and methods used by the studies produced similar track densities in detectors exposed to the same implanted Po-210 activity. The field phase of the intercomparison found excellent agreement between the track density rates for the two types of retrospective detectors. The correlation between the track density rates and direct contemporary radon concentration measurements was relatively high, considering that no adjustments were performed to account for either the residential depositional environment or glass surface type. Preliminary comparisons of the models used to translate track rate densities to average long-term radon concentrations differ between the two studies. Further calibration of the retrospective detectors' models for interpretation of track rate density may allow the pooling of studies that use glass-based retrospective radon detectors to determine historic residential radon exposures. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. St Johns Univ, Dept Phys, Collegeville, MN 56321 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Field, RW (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Epidemiol, Coll Publ Hlth, N222 Oakdale Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES05605]; PHS HHS [263-MQ-820009] NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 107 IS 11 BP 905 EP 910 DI 10.2307/3454479 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 258NW UT WOS:000083846100030 PM 10545336 ER PT J AU Wickham, JD Jones, KB Riitters, KH O'Neill, RV Tankersley, RD Smith, ER Neale, AC Chaloud, DJ AF Wickham, JD Jones, KB Riitters, KH O'Neill, RV Tankersley, RD Smith, ER Neale, AC Chaloud, DJ TI An integrated environmental assessment of the US mid-Atlantic region SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cluster analysis; cumulative impact; geographic information systems; landscape ecology; remote sensing ID SPATIAL SCALES; LANDSCAPE; FRAMEWORK; PATTERN; FOREST AB Many of today's environmental problems are regional in scope and their effects overlap and interact. We developed a simple method to provide an integrated assessment of environmental conditions and estimate cumulative impacts across a large region, by combining data on land-cover, population, roads, streams, air pollution, and topography. The integrated assessment technique identified nine distinct groups of watersheds. Relative cumulative impact scores were highest around major urban centers, but there was not a simple or predictable spatial pattern overall. We also point out the potential applications of this approach that include distinguishing between areas in relatively poor versus good condition, identifying areas that may be more vulnerable to future environmental degradation, and identifying areas for restoration. C1 US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Geog, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Wickham, JD (reprint author), US EPA, MD-56, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NR 37 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 24 IS 4 BP 553 EP 560 DI 10.1007/s002679900254 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 241PN UT WOS:000082891900011 ER PT J AU Reilly, PTA Gieray, RA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM AF Reilly, PTA Gieray, RA Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM TI Response to comment on "Real-time characterization of the organic composition and size of individual diesel engine smoke particles" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID AEROSOL C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Reilly, PTA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6142, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 33 IS 21 BP 3933 EP 3934 DI 10.1021/es992024f PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 251RN UT WOS:000083458800054 ER PT J AU Olson, JJ Mills, GL Herbert, BE Morris, PJ AF Olson, JJ Mills, GL Herbert, BE Morris, PJ TI Biodegradation rates of separated diesel components SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE alkanes; aromatics; bioremediation ID CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MICROBIAL-DEGRADATION; PETROLEUM-HYDROCARBONS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; OIL; SEDIMENTS; CRUDE AB Three hydrocarbon classes (n-alkanes, branched used cyclic alkanes, and aromatics) were separated from diesel fuel and used as hydrocarbon treatments during a 35-d batch culture experiment in which biodegradation rates of the individual classes were quantified and compared with the biodegradation rate of a treatment consisting of a composite of the three fractions. Triplicate batch cultures of each hydrocarbon treatment were sampled on experimental days 0, 3, 7, 15, and 35. The microbial inoculum used in this study was a crude oil-degrading culture isolated from a contaminated soil. As the experiment proceeded, microbial populations were estimated by total heterotrophic plate counts. Hydrocarbon concentrations were quantified by GC with name ionization detection, and specific compound identification was confirmed by GC-MS. The composite treatment was separated into aliphatic and aromatic fractions before hydrocarbon analysis. After 35 d, the relative biodegradation for each hydrocarbon class was as follows: n-alkanes > aliphatic fraction of composite solution > aromatics > branched and cyclic alkanes > aromatic fraction of composite solution. In the composite treatment. biodegradation of both aromatic and aliphatic fractions was observed during the 35-d study period and thus did not follow a clear pattern of sequential degradation. However, the biodegradation rate for the aromatic fraction was significantly slower than the aliphatic fraction. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77804 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Mills, GL (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM mills@srel.edu RI Herbert, Bruce/K-4744-2013; Herbert, Bruce/L-2170-2015 OI Herbert, Bruce/0000-0002-6736-1148; Herbert, Bruce/0000-0002-6736-1148 NR 24 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 18 IS 11 BP 2448 EP 2453 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1999)018<2448:BROSDC>2.3.CO;2 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 248JJ UT WOS:000083271100010 ER PT J AU Feng, H Cochran, JK Hirschberg, DJ AF Feng, H Cochran, JK Hirschberg, DJ TI Th-234 and Be-7 as tracers for the sources of particles to the turbidity maximum of the Hudson River estuary SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE thorium-234; beryllium-7; suspended sediments; turbidity maximum zone; Hudson River estuary ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; COASTAL WATERS; SEDIMENTS; RADIONUCLIDES; BERYLLIUM-7; DISTRIBUTIONS; ENVIRONMENTS; GEOCHEMISTRY; PB-210 AB The natural radionuclides Th-234 (half-life=24.1 days) and Be-7 (half-life=53.3 days) were measured in suspended particles of the turbidity maximum zone of the lower Hudson River estuary during several tidal cycles in August 1995 in an effort to understand the dynamics and sources of particles to this zone. The relatively short half-lives and high particle reactivity of Th-234 and Be-7, coupled with the spatially variable production of Th-234 (from U-238, which varies conservatively with salinity in the Hudson), make these radionuclides useful tracers of particle dynamics. The activity ratio of Th-234(xs)/Be-7 reduces the effects of particle type, concentration and size on the individual activities and serves as an indicator of where in the estuary the particles were labelled with these radionuclides. Detailed sampling at three stations in the turbidity maximum during the course of a tidal cycle shows an average Th-234(xs)/Be-7 activity ratio of 1.9 +/- 0.7. Comparable T-234(xs)/Be-7 ratios in suspended particles from surface and bottom water with different salinities indicate that particles are mixed throughout the water column. Comparison of observed Th-234(xs)/Be-7 activity ratios with those calculated from models assuming that local processes dominate the tracer distributions suggests that particle residence times are short. However, the observed ratios are greater on average than those calculated, indicating the import of particles with higher ratios from the more saline reaches of the estuary. Estimates of the particle fluxes necessary to account for the observed Th-234/Be-7 activity ratios suggest that about 30% of the flux could arise from advective transport of particles into the turbidity maximum zone in association with the tidal circulation and the remainder is supplied from local resuspension. A sensitivity analysis shows that these estimates are dependent on the activity ratio in the suspended sediment reservoir and fluxes of radionuclides supplied by local resuspension. Variability in these factors gives rise to estimates of the advected flux that can vary hom 24% to 59%. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Feng, H (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 39 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 49 IS 5 BP 629 EP 645 DI 10.1006/ecss.1999.0547 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 266TQ UT WOS:000084316700002 ER PT J AU Bergstrom, KA Halldin, C Savonen, A Okubo, Y Hiltunen, J Nobuhara, K Swahn, CG Karlsson, P McPherson, D Knapp, FF Larsson, S Schnell, PO Farde, L AF Bergstrom, KA Halldin, C Savonen, A Okubo, Y Hiltunen, J Nobuhara, K Swahn, CG Karlsson, P McPherson, D Knapp, FF Larsson, S Schnell, PO Farde, L TI Iodine-123 labelled Z-(R,R)-IQNP: a potential radioligand for visualization of M-1 and M-2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in Alzheimer's disease SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Z-(R,R)-IQNP; muscarinic acetylcholine receptors; brain; single-photon emission tomography ID 1-AZABICYCLO<2.2.2>OCT-3-YL ALPHA-HYDROXY-ALPHA-(1-IODO-1-PROPEN-3-YL)-ALPHA-PHE; IMAGING AGENT; ISOMERS; BRAIN; SPECT; IQNP AB Z-(R)-1-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl (R)-alpha-hydroxy-alpha-(1-iodo-1-propen-3-yl)-alpha-phenylacetate(Z-IQNP) has high affinity to the M-1 and M-2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes according to previous in vitro and in vivo studies in rats. In the present study iodine-123 labelled Z-IQNP was prepared for in vivo single-photon emission tomography (SPET) studies in cynomolgus monkeys. SPET studies with Z-[I-123]IQNP demonstrated high accumulation in monkey brain (>5% of injected dose at 70 min p.i.) and marked accumulation in brain regions such as the thalamus, the neocortex, the striatum and the cerebellum. Pretreatment with the nonselective mAChR antagonist scopolamine (0.2 mg/kg) inhibited Z-[I-123]IQNP binding in all these regions. The percentage of unchanged Z-[I-123]IQNP measured in plasma was less than 10% at 10 min after injection, which may be due to rapid hydrolysis, as has been demonstrated previously with the E-isomer of IQNP. Z-[I-123]IQNP showed higher uptake in M-2-rich regions, compared with previously obtained results with E-[I-123]IQNP. In conclusion, the radioactivity distribution from Z-[I-123]IQNP in monkey brain indicates that Z-[I-123]IQNP binds to the M-1- and M-2-rich areas and provides a high signal for specific binding, and is thus a potential ligand for mAChR imaging with SPET. C1 Kuopio Univ Hosp, FIN-70210 Kuopio, Finland. Karolinska Inst, Karolinska Hosp, Dept Clin Neurosci, Psychiat Sect, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Karolinska Hosp, Dept Clin Neurosci, Nucl Med Sect, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. MAP Med Technol Oy, Tikkakoski, Finland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Med Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Bergstrom, KA (reprint author), Kuopio Univ Hosp, FIN-70210 Kuopio, Finland. FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH 41205] NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-6997 J9 EUR J NUCL MED JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1482 EP 1485 DI 10.1007/s002590050482 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 254PV UT WOS:000083622100014 PM 10552091 ER PT J AU Cederwall, B Back, T Wyss, R Johnson, A Cederkall, J Devlin, M Elson, J LaFosse, DR Lerma, F Sarantites, DG Clark, RM Fallon, P Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Macleod, RW AF Cederwall, B Back, T Wyss, R Johnson, A Cederkall, J Devlin, M Elson, J LaFosse, DR Lerma, F Sarantites, DG Clark, RM Fallon, P Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO Macleod, RW TI Favoured superdeformed states in Tc-89 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID MASS REGION; BAND; TRANSITIONS; NUCLEI AB A superdeformed band consisting of a cascade of ten gamma-ray transitions has been identified and assigned to the nucleus Tc-89, close to the proton dripline. The quadrupole moment of the band (Q(t) = 6.7(-2.3)(+3.0) eb, as measured by the Residual Doppler Shift Method) as well as a large dynamic moment of inertia point to a highly elongated shape. With a relative population of approximately 15% of the gamma-ray flux in the Tc-89 exit channel, thp band is among the most intense superdeformed bands observed to date. C1 Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cederwall, B (reprint author), Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-10405 Stockholm, Sweden. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013; Cederwall, Bo/M-3337-2014; OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154; Cederwall, Bo/0000-0003-1771-2656; Back, Torbjorn/0000-0003-1996-0805 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD NOV PY 1999 VL 6 IS 3 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1007/s100500050343 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 259DW UT WOS:000083880100005 ER PT J AU Greenlees, PT Kuusiniemi, P Amzal, N Andreyev, A Butler, PA Cann, KJ Cocks, JFC Dorvaux, O Enqvist, T Fallon, P Gall, B Guttormsen, M Hawcroft, D Helariutta, K Hessberger, FP Hoellinger, F Jones, GD Jones, P Julin, R Juutinen, S Kankaanpaa, H Kettunen, H Leino, M Messelt, S Muikku, M Odegard, S Page, RD Savelius, A Schiller, A Siem, S Trzaska, WH Tveter, T Uusitalo, J AF Greenlees, PT Kuusiniemi, P Amzal, N Andreyev, A Butler, PA Cann, KJ Cocks, JFC Dorvaux, O Enqvist, T Fallon, P Gall, B Guttormsen, M Hawcroft, D Helariutta, K Hessberger, FP Hoellinger, F Jones, GD Jones, P Julin, R Juutinen, S Kankaanpaa, H Kettunen, H Leino, M Messelt, S Muikku, M Odegard, S Page, RD Savelius, A Schiller, A Siem, S Trzaska, WH Tveter, T Uusitalo, J TI Fine structure in the alpha decays of U-226 and Pu-230 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID FILLED RECOIL SEPARATOR; SPECTROSCOPY; PERFORMANCE; STATES AB The nuclei U-226 and Pu-230 have been populated via reactions involving Pb-208 targets bombarded by Ne-22 and Mg-26 projectiles. Fusion-evaporation residues were separated in-flight using a gas-filled recoil separator. A position-sensitive Si-strip detector was employed at the focal plane in order to identify correlated alpha-decay chains. Two fine structure alpha-decay lines have been observed. The first, with an energy of Th-222. The second line, 7385(5) keV, is assigned as the alpha decay from U-226 to the first excited 2(+) state of observed for the first time in this work, has an energy of 6961(30) keV and is assigned as the alpha decay from Pu-230 to the first excited 2(+) state of U-226. The excitation energy of the first excited 2(+) state in U-226 was determined to be 96(25) keV, giving an estimate of the deformation parameter beta(2) similar or equal to 0.20. C1 Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, SF-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Ctr Rech Nucl, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Gesell Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Greenlees, PT (reprint author), Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, SF-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. OI Butler, Peter/0000-0001-6080-9205 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD NOV PY 1999 VL 6 IS 3 BP 269 EP 273 DI 10.1007/s100500050345 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 259DW UT WOS:000083880100007 ER PT J AU Arnold, R Augier, C Baker, J Barabash, A Blum, D Brudanin, V Caffrey, AJ Campagne, JE Caurier, E Dassie, D Egorov, V Filipova, T Gurriaran, R Guyonnet, JL Hubert, F Hubert, P Jullian, S Kochetov, O Kisel, I Kornoukhov, VN Kovalenko, V Lalanne, D Laplanche, F Leccia, F Linck, I Longuemare, C Marquet, C Mauger, F Nicholson, HW Pilugin, I Piquemal, F Reyes, JL Sarazin, X Scheibling, F Suhonen, J Sutton, CS Szklarz, G Timkin, V Torres, R Tretyak, VI Umatov, V Vanyushin, I Vareille, A Vasilyev, Y Vylov, T AF Arnold, R Augier, C Baker, J Barabash, A Blum, D Brudanin, V Caffrey, AJ Campagne, JE Caurier, E Dassie, D Egorov, V Filipova, T Gurriaran, R Guyonnet, JL Hubert, F Hubert, P Jullian, S Kochetov, O Kisel, I Kornoukhov, VN Kovalenko, V Lalanne, D Laplanche, F Leccia, F Linck, I Longuemare, C Marquet, C Mauger, F Nicholson, HW Pilugin, I Piquemal, F Reyes, JL Sarazin, X Scheibling, F Suhonen, J Sutton, CS Szklarz, G Timkin, V Torres, R Tretyak, VI Umatov, V Vanyushin, I Vareille, A Vasilyev, Y Vylov, T TI Testing the Pauli exclusion principle with the NEMO-2 detector SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-BETA DECAY; QUANTUM-FIELD THEORY; POSSIBLE VIOLATION AB The Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) was tested with the NEMO-2 detector. Limits at the 90% C.L. on the violation of PEP for p-shell nucleons in C-12 were obtained. Specifically transitions to the fully occupied 1s(1/2)-shell yielded a limit of 4.2 . 10(24) y for the process with emission of a gamma-quantum. Similarly limits of 3.1 . 10(24) y for beta(-) and 2.6 . 10(24) y for beta(+) Pauli-forbidden transitions of C-12 -->(12) (N) over tilde((12)(B) over tilde) are reported here. C1 Univ Strasbourg 1, CNRS, IN2P3, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, CENBG, F-33170 Gradignan, France. Univ Caen, CNRS, IN2P3, LPC, F-14032 Caen, France. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. CNRS, CFR, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Jyvaskyla, SF-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. INR, UA-252028 Kiev, Ukraine. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IN2P3, LAL, F-91405 Orsay, France. Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. RP Arnold, R (reprint author), Univ Strasbourg 1, CNRS, IN2P3, 12 Rue Univ, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. RI Caffrey, Augustine/C-2005-2009; Barabash, Alexander/S-8851-2016; OI Tretyak, Vladimir/0000-0002-2369-0679 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD NOV PY 1999 VL 6 IS 3 BP 361 EP 366 DI 10.1007/s100500050354 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 259DW UT WOS:000083880100016 ER PT J AU Breitweg, J Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Pellegrino, A Repond, J Stanek, R Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Abbiendi, G Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Rautenberg, J Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Barret, O Cottingham, WN Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Scott, J Tapper, RJ Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Jeoung, HY Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sacchi, R Sampson, S Sciulli, F Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Olkiewicz, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bienlein, JK Burgard, C Desler, K Drews, G Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Martinez, M Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Moritz, M Notz, D Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Saull, PRB Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Sievers, M Stonjek, S Tassi, E Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Viani, ALD Meyer, A Monig, K Schlenstedt, S Straub, PB Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Tapper, AD Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Cloth, P Filges, D Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Ahn, SH An, SH Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Labarga, L del Peso, J Puga, J Redondo, I Terron, J Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Murray, WN Ochs, A Padhi, S Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Wing, M Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Blaikley, HE Boogert, S Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Matsushita, T Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dondana, S Dosselli, U Dusini, S Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Iannotti, L Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Schechter, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Gadaj, T Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Foudas, C Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wildschek, T Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Hall-Wilton, R Khakzad, M Menary, S Schmidke, WB AF Breitweg, J Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Pellegrino, A Repond, J Stanek, R Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Abbiendi, G Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Rautenberg, J Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Barret, O Cottingham, WN Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Scott, J Tapper, RJ Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Jeoung, HY Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sacchi, R Sampson, S Sciulli, F Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Olkiewicz, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Bienlein, JK Burgard, C Desler, K Drews, G Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Martinez, M Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Moritz, M Notz, D Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Saull, PRB Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Sievers, M Stonjek, S Tassi, E Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Viani, ALD Meyer, A Monig, K Schlenstedt, S Straub, PB Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Tapper, AD Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Cloth, P Filges, D Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Ahn, SH An, SH Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Labarga, L del Peso, J Puga, J Redondo, I Terron, J Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Murray, WN Ochs, A Padhi, S Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Wing, M Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Blaikley, HE Boogert, S Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Matsushita, T Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dondana, S Dosselli, U Dusini, S Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Iannotti, L Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Schechter, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Gadaj, T Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Foudas, C Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wildschek, T Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Hall-Wilton, R Khakzad, M Menary, S Schmidke, WB CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of dijet photoproduction at high transverse energies at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID PHOTON STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION F-2(GAMMA); TO-LEADING ORDER; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION F2; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; JET CROSS-SECTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; HADRON-COLLISIONS; QCD ANALYSIS; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS AB The cross section for dijet photoproduction at high transverse energies is presented as a function of the transverse energies and the pseudorapidities of the jets. The measurement is performed using a sample of ep-interactions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6.3 pb(-1), recorded by the ZEUS detector. Jets are defined by applying a k(T)-clustering algorithm to the hadrons observed in the final state. The measured cross sections are compared to next-to-leading order QCD calculations. In a kinematic regime where theoretical uncertainties are expected to be small, the measured cross sections are higher than these calculations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Lab, Irvington, NY USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Acad Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Techniques, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Fac Sci 2, Alessandria, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Alessandria, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. CNR, IROE, I-50127 Florence, Italy. Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Abbiendi, Giovanni/0000-0003-4499-7562 NR 66 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 11 IS 1 BP 35 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s100520050612 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 258JC UT WOS:000083835200003 ER PT J AU Ball, J Allgower, CE Beddo, M Bystricky, J Combet, M Demierre, P Durand, G Fontaine, JM Grosnick, D Hess, R Janout, Z Janout, ZF Kalinnikov, VA Kasprzyk, TE Khachaturov, BA Kunne, R Lehar, F de Lesquen, A Lopiano, D Matafonov, VN Pisarev, IL Popov, AA Prokofiev, AN Rapin, D Sans, JL Spinka, HM Usov, YA Vikhrov, VV Vuaridel, B Zhdanov, AA AF Ball, J Allgower, CE Beddo, M Bystricky, J Combet, M Demierre, P Durand, G Fontaine, JM Grosnick, D Hess, R Janout, Z Janout, ZF Kalinnikov, VA Kasprzyk, TE Khachaturov, BA Kunne, R Lehar, F de Lesquen, A Lopiano, D Matafonov, VN Pisarev, IL Popov, AA Prokofiev, AN Rapin, D Sans, JL Spinka, HM Usov, YA Vikhrov, VV Vuaridel, B Zhdanov, AA TI Elastic and quasi-elastic pp scattering in (LiH)-Li-6 and (LiD)-Li-6 targets between 1.1 and 2.4 GeV SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID PROTON-PROTON SCATTERING; ANALYZING POWER AOONO; PHASE-SHIFT ANALYSES; LARGE ANGULAR REGION; 6 GEV-C; DIRECT RECONSTRUCTION; SPIN CORRELATION; POLARIZED-BEAM; SATURNE-II; FIXED ENERGIES AB a polarized proton beam extracted from SATURNE III the Saclay; polarized target with Li-6 compounds, and a CH2 target were used to measure elastic and quasi-elastic pp spin-dependent, observables in the angular region 60 degrees < theta(CM) < 105 degrees. The beam and/or target polarizations were oriented vertically. Accurate pp data for the analyzing power A(oono) spin-correlation parameter A(oonn). and the polarization transfer K-onno were measured at 1.1 GeV. The observables A(oono) and K-onno were determined at six other energies between 1.6 and 2.4 GeV. At 1.6 GeV, A(oonn) was also obtained. The individual contributions from II! Li-6, and. (LiD)-Li-6 were deduced. The CH2 target:provided A(oono)(PP) results on free hydrogen and on protons in carbon. The elastic and quasi-elastic observables are compared with existing data and with phase-shift analysis predictions. C1 CEA Saclay, CNRS, Lab Natl Saturne, IN2P3, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, DSM, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Lab Nucl Problems, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. RP Ball, J (reprint author), CEA Saclay, CNRS, Lab Natl Saturne, IN2P3, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 54 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 11 IS 1 BP 51 EP 67 DI 10.1007/s100529900149 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 258JC UT WOS:000083835200004 ER PT J AU de Lesquen, A Allgower, CE Ball, J Beddo, M Bystricky, J Combet, M Demierre, P Durand, G Fontaine, JM Grosnick, D Hess, R Janout, Z Janout, ZF Kalinnikov, VA Kasprzyk, TE Khachaturov, BA Kunne, R Lehar, F Lopiano, D Matafonov, VN Pisarev, IL Popov, AA Prokofiev, AN Rapin, D Sans, JL Spinka, HM Usov, YA Vikhrov, VV Vuaridel, B Zhdanov, AA AF de Lesquen, A Allgower, CE Ball, J Beddo, M Bystricky, J Combet, M Demierre, P Durand, G Fontaine, JM Grosnick, D Hess, R Janout, Z Janout, ZF Kalinnikov, VA Kasprzyk, TE Khachaturov, BA Kunne, R Lehar, F Lopiano, D Matafonov, VN Pisarev, IL Popov, AA Prokofiev, AN Rapin, D Sans, JL Spinka, HM Usov, YA Vikhrov, VV Vuaridel, B Zhdanov, AA TI Quasi-elastic pn scattering in (LiD)-Li-6 and (LiH)-Li-6 targets from 1.1 to 2.4 GeV SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DEPENDENCE; ANALYZING POWER; NP; PROTON; POLARIZATION; OBSERVABLES; DIFFERENCE; PARAMETER AB A polarized proton beam from SATURNE II, the Saclay polarized targets with Li-6 compounds, and ani unpolarized CH2 target; were used to measure spin-dependent observables for protons scattered on bound nucleons. The beam and target polarizations were oriented vertically. The analyzing power A(oono) and the depolarization D-nono were determined at seven energies between 1.1 and 2.4 GeV. The spin correlation parameter A(oonn) was measured at only 1.1 and 1.6 GeV. Measurements with the CH2 target at 1.1 GeV provided A(oonn) data for scattering of polarized,protons on neutrons in carbon. The quasi-elastic observables are compared viith previous elastic scattering measurements and at 1.1 GeV with predictions of phase shift analyses. C1 CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CEA Saclay, CNRS, Lab Natl Saturne, IN2P3, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, DSM, CEA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Lab Nucl Problems, Dubna 141980, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. RP de Lesquen, A (reprint author), CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 11 IS 1 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1007/s100529900148 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 258JC UT WOS:000083835200005 ER PT J AU Bartels, J Jung, H Wusthoff, M AF Bartels, J Jung, H Wusthoff, M TI Quark-antiquark-gluon jets in dis diffractive dissociation SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; VECTOR-MESONS; QCD; ELECTROPRODUCTION; LEPTOPRODUCTION; FACTORIZATION AB We study the diffractive production of q(q) over bar g jets with large transverse moments in the region of large: diffractive masses (small beta). Cross sections for transverse and longitudinal photons are obtained in the leading log 1/xp and log 1/beta approximation, keeping all powers in log k(t)(2)/Q(2). We perform a numerical study and illustrate the angular distribution of the three jets. We also estimate the integrated diffractive three jet cross section and compare with the dijet cross section obtained before. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Lund, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Fermilab, Div Theory, Batavia, IL USA. RP Bartels, J (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. NR 28 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 11 IS 1 BP 111 EP 125 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 258JC UT WOS:000083835200009 ER PT J AU Breitweg, J Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Abbiendi, G Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Rautenberg, J Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Barret, O Cottingham, WN Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Scott, J Tapper, RJ Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Jeoung, HY Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sacchi, R Sampson, S Sciulli, F Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Olkiewicz, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Burgard, C Desler, K Drews, G Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Martinez, M Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Moritz, M Notz, D Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Sauli, PRB Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Sievers, M Stonjek, S Tassi, E Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Viani, ALD Meyer, A Monig, K Schlenstedt, S Straub, PB Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Tapper, AD Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Cloth, P Filges, D Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Ahn, SH An, SH Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Labarga, L del Peso, J Puga, J Redondo, I Terron, J Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Murray, WN Ochs, A Padhi, S Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Wing, M Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Matsushita, T Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dosselli, U Dusini, S Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Iannotti, L Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Schechter, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Gadaj, T Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Foudas, C Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wildschek, T Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Hall-Wilton, R Khakzad, M Menary, S Schmidke, WB AF Breitweg, J Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Yoshida, R Mattingly, MCK Abbiendi, G Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Rautenberg, J Schnurbusch, H Stifutkin, A Tandler, J Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Barret, O Cottingham, WN Foster, B Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Scott, J Tapper, RJ Capua, M Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Jeoung, HY Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Ma, KJ Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sacchi, R Sampson, S Sciulli, F Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Olkiewicz, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowal, AM Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Burgard, C Desler, K Drews, G Fox-Murphy, A Fricke, U Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Martinez, M Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Moritz, M Notz, D Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Sauli, PRB Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Sievers, M Stonjek, S Tassi, E Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Viani, ALD Meyer, A Monig, K Schlenstedt, S Straub, PB Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Tapper, AD Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Cloth, P Filges, D Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Ahn, SH An, SH Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Labarga, L del Peso, J Puga, J Redondo, I Terron, J Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Murray, WN Ochs, A Padhi, S Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Wing, M Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Velthuis, JJ Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Matsushita, T Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Sutton, MR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dosselli, U Dusini, S Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Iannotti, L Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Cormack, C Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Pavel, N Abramowicz, H Dagan, S Kananov, S Kreisel, A Levy, A Schechter, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Koop, T Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Gadaj, T Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Foudas, C Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wildschek, T Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Hall-Wilton, R Khakzad, M Menary, S Schmidke, WB CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of multiplicity and momentum spectra in the current and target regions of the Breit frame in Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID CURRENT FRAGMENTATION REGION; INCLUSIVE PARTICLE SPECTRA; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; INITIAL STATE RADIATION; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; E+E-ANNIHILATION; E(+)E(-) ANNIHILATION; SCALING VIOLATION; QCD COHERENCE; HADRON DISTRIBUTIONS AB Charged particle production in neutral current deep inelastic scattering (DIS) has been studied using the ZEUS detector. The evolution of the mean multiplicities, scaled moments and transverse momenta in Q(2) and x for 10 < Q(2) < 5120 GeV2 and x > 6 x 10(-4) has been investigated in the current and target fragmentation regions of the Breit frame. Distributions in the target region, using HERA data for the first time, are compared to distributions in the current region. Predictions based on MLLA and LPHD are inconsistent with the data. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Acad Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Techniques, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, Deutsches Elektrones Synchrotron, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Nazl Frascati Lab, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Exp Phys 1, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, Julich, Germany. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Fac Sci 2, Alessandria, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Alessandria, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Phys Expt, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CNR, IROE, I-50127 Florence, Italy. Univ Piemonte Orientale, Dipartimento Sci Med, I-28100 Novara, Italy. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; dusini, stefano/J-3686-2012; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011 OI dusini, stefano/0000-0002-1128-0664; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Abbiendi, Giovanni/0000-0003-4499-7562; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636 NR 89 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 11 IS 2 BP 251 EP 270 DI 10.1007/s100520050630 PG 20 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 261JD UT WOS:000084005300004 ER PT J AU Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD Van Hook, WA AF Melnichenko, YB Wignall, GD Van Hook, WA TI Molecular weight scaling in critical polymer solutions SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COEXISTENCE CURVE; POLYSTYRENE; LENGTHS; SOLVENT; SYSTEMS AB In this letter me address the long-standing controversy which originated from differences between the experimental and theoretical values of the scaling exponent (n) for the critical amplitude xi(0) of the correlation length in polymer solutions. Using small-angle neutron scattering me examine the dependence of xi(0) on polymer molecular weight in polystyrene-methylcyclohexane-d(14) solutions. We find that the experimental values of n(cr) = 0.195 +/- 0.010 in the critical region of phase demixing as well as n(mf) = 0.255 +/- 0.009 in the mean-field domain around the Theta temperature agree with the predictions of scaling theory (n(cr) = 0.185, n(mf) = 0.25). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Melnichenko, YB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 48 IS 4 BP 372 EP 377 DI 10.1209/epl/i1999-00492-x PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 257VX UT WOS:000083804000003 ER PT J AU Whitehead, JL Wang, SY Bost-Usinger, L Hoang, E Frazer, KA Burnside, B AF Whitehead, JL Wang, SY Bost-Usinger, L Hoang, E Frazer, KA Burnside, B TI Photoreceptor localization of the KIF3A and KIF3B subunits of the heterotrimeric microtubule motor kinesin II in vertebrate retina SO EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE KIF3A; KIF3B; kinesin II; photoreceptor; retina; axoneme ID CHLAMYDOMONAS FLA10 GENE; SEA-URCHIN EMBRYOS; CHROMOSOMAL LOCALIZATION; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; CGMP PHOSPHODIESTERASE; SUPERFAMILY PROTEINS; ORGANELLE TRANSPORT; FLAGELLAR MEMBRANE; HOMOLOGOUS PROTEIN; ALPHA-SUBUNIT AB The heterotrimeric microtubule motor kinesin II has been shown to be required for morphogenesis and maintenance of both motile flagella and immotile sensory cilia. Recently, we showed that the KIF3A subunit of kinesin II is concentrated in the inner segment and connecting cilium of fish photoreceptors. Here we report the gene structure of human KIF3A (HsKIF3A) and describe its localization in human and monkey retina. We also describe the localization of both KIF3A and KIF3B kinesin II subunits in Xenopus retina. Using a portion of HsKIF3A we had amplified from adult human retinal cDNA, we found by a GenBank database search that an identical sequence had already been obtained by the Human Genome Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories in a direct sequencing analysis of 680 kb of human chromosome 5q31. By comparing the genomic sequence of HsKIF3A to the open reading frame (ORF) of the highly homologous mouse Kif3A, we determined that the HsKIF3A gene has 17 exons and an ORF of similar to 2.1 kb, predicting a protein of 80.3 kDa. Antibodies against sea urchin KRP85, a KIF3A homologue, bound to a single band of similar to 85 kDa in immunoblots of total retina protein from human, monkey and Xenopus. In these same samples, a single band of similar to 95 kDa is recognized by antibodies against Xklp3, a Xenopus KIF3B homologue. In sections of Xenopus retina, both antibodies strongly labelled photoreceptor inner segments and the outer limiting membrane. Both antibodies also labelled photoreceptor axonemes. The axonemal localization of kinesin II subunits suggests that kinesin II may play a role in transport of materials from the photoreceptor cell body to the outer segment. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Burnside, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY03575, EY6534-02] NR 60 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0014-4835 J9 EXP EYE RES JI Exp. Eye Res. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 69 IS 5 BP 491 EP 503 DI 10.1006/exer.1999.0724 PG 13 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 256XH UT WOS:000083751400004 PM 10548469 ER PT J AU Cornwell, P Farrar, CR Doebling, SW Sohn, H AF Cornwell, P Farrar, CR Doebling, SW Sohn, H TI Environmental variability of modal properties SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cornwell, P (reprint author), Rose Hulman Inst Technol, Terre Haute, IN 47803 USA. NR 9 TC 110 Z9 116 U1 3 U2 9 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL STREET, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 23 IS 6 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.1999.tb01320.x PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 261ZV UT WOS:000084042000013 ER PT J AU Ferrari, M Bianchi, A Celentano, G Danner, W Enoeda, M Gerber, A Gohar, Y Gulden, W Ioki, K Kuroda, T Lopatkin, A Lucca, F Masson, X Mattas, R Mazzone, G Mustoe, J Parker, R Petrizzi, L Pizzuto, A Plenteda, R Poitevin, Y Raffray, R Roccella, M Roux, N Scaffidi-Argentina, F Simoneau, JP Strebkov, Y Zacchia, F AF Ferrari, M Bianchi, A Celentano, G Danner, W Enoeda, M Gerber, A Gohar, Y Gulden, W Ioki, K Kuroda, T Lopatkin, A Lucca, F Masson, X Mattas, R Mazzone, G Mustoe, J Parker, R Petrizzi, L Pizzuto, A Plenteda, R Poitevin, Y Raffray, R Roccella, M Roux, N Scaffidi-Argentina, F Simoneau, JP Strebkov, Y Zacchia, F TI ITER reference breeding blanket design SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 20) CY SEP 07-11, 1998 CL MARSEILLE, FRANCE DE ITER breeding blanket; tritium breeding ratio; pebble bed; beryllium; lithium ceramics; plasma disruption AB The ITER reference breeding blanket design is water-cooled and is characterised by the use of the neutronic multiplier and breeder materials in the form of pebbles. Besides the achievement, with margin, of the tritium breeding ratio (TBR) minimum requirement, it exhibits an internal layout allowing it to withstand properly electromagnetic loads during plasma disruption and vertical displacement events, and pressure loads in case of rupture of an internal cooling channel (i.e. in-box LOCA). During the first part of 1998, the design has been optimised improving the performance in terms of TBR, enlarging the design margins with respect to the dimensioning loads and investigating in detail the global behaviour of the system during normal and off-normal conditions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 ENEA, ERG, FUS, Ctr Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. EFET, Ansaldo Ric, Genoa, Italy. Net Team, Garching, Germany. JAERI, Naka, Ibaraki, Japan. EFET Framatome, Lyon, France. ITER, JCT, Garching, Germany. RDIPE, Moscow, Russia. Technicatome, Aix En Provence, France. ANL, Argonne, IL USA. EFET, NNC, Knutsford, England. ENEA, Brasimone, Italy. CEA, Saclay, France. FZK, Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Ferrari, M (reprint author), ENEA, ERG, FUS, Ctr Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 27,POB 65, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 46 IS 2-4 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(99)00044-7 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 259QX UT WOS:000083905500006 ER PT J AU Tivey, R Ando, T Antipenkov, A Barabash, V Chiocchio, S Federici, G Ibbott, C Jakeman, R Janeschitz, G Raffray, R Akiba, M Mazul, I Pacher, H Ulrickson, M Vieider, G AF Tivey, R Ando, T Antipenkov, A Barabash, V Chiocchio, S Federici, G Ibbott, C Jakeman, R Janeschitz, G Raffray, R Akiba, M Mazul, I Pacher, H Ulrickson, M Vieider, G TI ITER divertor, design issues and research and development SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 20) CY SEP 07-11, 1998 CL MARSEILLE, FRANCE DE ITER divertor; design issues; research and development AB Over the period of the ITER Engineering Design Activity (EDA) the results from physics experiments, modelling, engineering analyses and R&D, have been brought together to provide a design for an ITER divertor. The design satisfies all necessary requirements for steady state and transient heat flux, nuclear shielding, pumping, tritium inventory, impurity control, armour lifetime, electromagnetic loads, diagnostics, and remote maintenance. The design consists of 60 cassettes each comprising a cassette body onto which the plasma facing components (PFCs) are mounted. Each cassette is supported by toroidal rails which are attached to the vacuum vessel. For the PFCs the final armour choice is carbon-fibre-composite (CfC) for the strike point regions and tungsten in all remaining areas. R&D has demonstrated that CfC monoblocks can routinely withstand heat loads up to 20 MW m(-2) and tungsten armour > 10 MW m(-2). Analysis and experiment show that a CfC armour thickness of similar to 20 mm will provide sufficient lifetime for at least 1000 full power pulses. The thickness of the cassette body is sufficient to shield the Vacuum vessel, so that, if necessary, rewelding is possible, and also provides sufficient stiffness against electromagnetically generated loads. The cassette design provides efficient and proven remote maintenance which should allow exchange of a complete divertor within similar to 6 months. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 ITER Joint Cent Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 311001, Japan. Efremov Inst, St Petersburg 189631, Russia. Net Team, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tivey, R (reprint author), ITER Joint Cent Team, Joint Cent Work Site,Joint Cent Boltzmannstr 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 46 IS 2-4 BP 207 EP 220 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(99)00047-2 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 259QX UT WOS:000083905500009 ER PT J AU Petti, DA Bartels, HW AF Petti, DA Bartels, HW TI The ultimate safety margins of ITER: a demonstration of the safety potential of fusion SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 20) CY SEP 07-11, 1998 CL MARSEILLE, FRANCE DE safely margins; ITER; fusion AB The fail-safe nature of the fusion energy reaction, modest radioactive inventories, multiple layers of confinement, and passive means for decay heat removal combine to make ITER 'safe' with little dependence on engineered, dedicated 'safety systems' for public protection. In this paper, we summarize our detailed assessment of very low probability or so called hypothetical accidents to show that ITER meets the 'no evacuation' objective and to demonstrate the safety potential of fusion. By providing strong confidence that the design (and operation) of the facility protects the public, there should no technical justification for dependence on public mitigative actions as a backup for hypothetical events. Other objectives of this analysis are to show the robustness of the defense in depth approach and to demonstrate that there are no cliff edge effects. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. ITER Joint Cent Team, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Petti, DA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 46 IS 2-4 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(99)00050-2 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 259QX UT WOS:000083905500012 ER PT J AU Lee, GS Kim, J Hwang, SM Chang, CS Chang, HY Cho, MH Choi, BH Kim, K Jardin, S Neilson, GH Park, HK Reiersen, W Schmidt, J Young, K Schultz, J Sevier, L Cho, SY Han, JH Hur, NI Im, KH Kim, S Kim, JY Kyum, MC Lee, BJ Lee, DK Lee, SG Yang, HL Hong, BG Hwang, YS Kim, SH Kim, YJ Lim, JY Namkung, W Chung, KH Choi, DI AF Lee, GS Kim, J Hwang, SM Chang, CS Chang, HY Cho, MH Choi, BH Kim, K Jardin, S Neilson, GH Park, HK Reiersen, W Schmidt, J Young, K Schultz, J Sevier, L Cho, SY Han, JH Hur, NI Im, KH Kim, S Kim, JY Kyum, MC Lee, BJ Lee, DK Lee, SG Yang, HL Hong, BG Hwang, YS Kim, SH Kim, YJ Lim, JY Namkung, W Chung, KH Choi, DI TI The design of the KSTAR tokamak SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th Symposium on Fusion Technology (SOFT 20) CY SEP 07-11, 1998 CL MARSEILLE, FRANCE DE KSTAR project; superconducting tokamak; fusion reactor AB The Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) Project is the major effort of the Korean National Fusion Program (KNFP) to develop a steady-state-capable advanced superconducting tokamak to establish a scientific and technological basis for an attractive fusion reactor. Major parameters of the tokamak are: major radius 1.8 m, minor radius 0.5 m, toroidal field 3.5 Tesla, and plasma current 2 mA with a strongly shaped plasma cross-section and double-null divertor. The initial pulse length provided by the poloidal magnet system is 20 s, but the pulse length can be increased to 300 s through non-inductive current drive. The plasma heating and current drive system consists of neutral beam, ion cyclotron waves, lower hybrid waves, and electron-cyclotron waves for flexible profile control. A comprehensive set of diagnostics is planned for plasma control and performance evaluation and physics understanding. The project has completed its conceptual design phase and moved to the engineering design phase. The target date of the first plasma is set for year 2002. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Korea Basic Sci Inst, Yusung Ku, Taejon 30533, South Korea. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang, South Korea. Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon, South Korea. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Taejon, South Korea. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon, South Korea. RP Lee, GS (reprint author), Korea Basic Sci Inst, Yusung Ku, 52 Yeoeun Dong, Taejon 30533, South Korea. RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010; Chang, Hong-Young/C-1964-2011; Hwang, Yong-Seok/D-8347-2012 NR 4 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 46 IS 2-4 BP 405 EP 411 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(99)00032-0 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 259QX UT WOS:000083905500028 ER PT J AU Lee, B Pomphrey, N Lao, LL AF Lee, B Pomphrey, N Lao, LL TI Physics design of poloidal field, toroidal field, and external magnetic diagnostics in KSTAR SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE KSTAR; superconducting PF and TF coils; equilibrium flexibility; magnetic field ripple ID TOKAMAKS AB The Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) tokamak will have superconducting magnets for both the poloidal field (PF) coils and the toroidal field (TF) coils, The physical arrangement of the PF configuration has 14 coils external to the TF coils. The analysis of the equilibrium flexibility of the KSTAR PF system determines the coil currents required to maintain prescribed equilibrium configurations over the desired range of operational parameters specified for I-p (q(95)), beta(N), and l(i)(3). Constraints on the plasma separatrix and the flux linkage through the geometric center of the plasma are specified for the free-boundary equilibrium calculations. The ripple magnitude due to the finite number of TF coils and the size of the port for the neutral beam (NB) injector determine the number, size, and shape of TF coils. Two ripple criteria for a shaped plasma are used for types of ripple transport. The current design of the TF coil, with 16 coils and a D shape, is big enough to satisfy requirements for the ripple magnitude at the plasma and to provide adequate access for tangential NE injection. The external magnetic diagnostics, magnetic probes and flux loops to detect the plasma boundary are designed by the EFIT code, which uses a realistic distributed current source constrained by equilibrium. The proposed configuration with 52 full toroidal flux loops and 78 magnetic probes results in <0.7 cm deviation at critical points, with the Gaussian-distributed 3% random root-mean-square perturbation in the signal. C1 Korea Basic Sci Inst, Taejon 305333, South Korea. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Lee, B (reprint author), Korea Basic Sci Inst, 52 Yeoeun Dong, Taejon 305333, South Korea. RI pomphrey, neil/G-4405-2010 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 36 IS 3 BP 278 EP 288 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 248TK UT WOS:000083291300003 ER PT J AU Sanchez, JJ Giedt, WH AF Sanchez, JJ Giedt, WH TI Thermal control of cryogenic cylindrical Hohlraums for indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cryogenic targets; heat transfer; hohlraum AB A study is conducted on cooling and controlling the thickness of a frozen layer of deuterium and tritium (D-T) on the inner surface of a capsule mounted in a cylindrical hohlraum. Cooling is required to remove the heat released during tritium decay. The layer thickness must be uniform, which requires Bar the heat flow from the layer into the capsule wall be spherically symmetric, It is shown that this requirement can be satisfied by controlling the temperature rise along the hohlraum wall from the ends to the midplane, The optimum temperature rise depends primarily on the D-T fuel charge and the thermal conductivity of the gas filling the hohlraum. To ensure a layer thickness variation of less than +/- 0.4 mu m in aplastic capsule, the temperature rise along the hohlraum wall must be controlled to an accuracy of about +/- 3.0 mK. However, as the thermal conductivity of the capsule wall increases to metallic material values, the required accuracy of the hohlraum wall temperature rise decreases to +/- 15 mK. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sanchez, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 36 IS 3 BP 346 EP 355 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 248TK UT WOS:000083291300011 ER PT J AU Weinberg, AM AF Weinberg, AM TI Scientific millenarianism SO FUTURES LA English DT Article AB "Scientific Millenarianism" connotes concerns about scientific mischances that might threaten humankind in the far distant future. Examples are meteor impact, global climate change, disposal of radioactive waste, and nuclear war. Each of these threats extend over hundreds if not thousands of years, yet they command the serious attention today of regulatory bodies, politicians, and technologists. Society's responses include technical fixes extension of knowledge; institutional responses; and religious responses. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Weinberg, AM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, POB 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-3287 J9 FUTURES JI Futures PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 31 IS 9-10 SI SI BP 929 EP 936 DI 10.1016/S0016-3287(99)00052-X PG 8 WC Economics; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 248HQ UT WOS:000083269400007 ER PT J AU Muller, U Schubert, C van de Ven, AEM AF Muller, U Schubert, C van de Ven, AEM TI A closed formula for the Riemann normal coordinate expansion SO GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION LA English DT Article DE Fock-Schwinger gauge; Riemann normal coordinates; vielbein ID MODELS; FIELD AB We derive an integral representation which encodes all coefficients of the Riemann normal coordinate expansion and also a closed formula for those coefficients. C1 Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Humboldt Univ, Dept Phys, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. RP Muller, U (reprint author), Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, Staudingerweg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-7701 J9 GEN RELAT GRAVIT JI Gen. Relativ. Gravit. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 31 IS 11 BP 1759 EP 1768 DI 10.1023/A:1026718301634 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 255PB UT WOS:000083677400009 ER PT J AU Yin, A Harrison, TM Murphy, MA Grove, M Nie, S Ryerson, FJ Feng, WX Le, CZ AF Yin, A Harrison, TM Murphy, MA Grove, M Nie, S Ryerson, FJ Feng, WX Le, CZ TI Tertiary deformation history of southeastern and southwestern Tibet during the Indo-Asian collision SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Review ID THICKENED CONTINENTAL-CRUST; BENEATH SOUTHERN TIBET; TSANGPO SUTURE ZONE; CHINESE TIEN-SHAN; EURASIA COLLISION; HIMALAYAN LEUCOGRANITES; TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS; REFLECTION PROFILES; DRIVING MECHANISM; VOLCANIC-ROCKS AB Geologic mapping and geochronological analysis in south,vest (Kailas area) and southeast (Zedong area) Tibet reveal two major episodes of Tertiary crustal shortening along the classic Indus-Tsangpo suture in the Yalu River valley The older event occurred between ca 30 and 23 Ma during movement along the north-dipping Gangdese thrust. The development of this thrust caused extensive denudation of the Gangdese batholith in its hanging wall and underthrusting of the Xigaze forearc strata in its footwall. Examination of timing of major tectonic events in central Asia suggests that the initiation of the Gangdese thrust was approximately coeval with the late Oligocene initiation and de development of north-south shortening in the eastern Kunlun Shan of northern Tibet, the Nan Shan at the northeastern end of the Altyn Tagh fault, the western Kunlun Shan at the southwestern end of the Altyn Tagh fault, and finally the Tian Shan (north of the Tarim basin). Such regionally synchronous initiation of crustal shortening in and around the plateau may have been related to changes in convergence rate and direction between the Eurasian plate and the Indian and Pacific plates. The younger thrusting event along the Yalu River valley occurred between 19 and 10 Ma along the south-dipping Great Counter thrust system, equivalent to the locally named Renbu-Zedong thrust in southeastern Tibet, the Backthrust system in south-central Tibet, and the South Kailas thrust in southwest Tibet. The coeval development of the Great Counter thrust and the North Himalayan granite-gneiss dome belt is consistent with their development being related to thermal weakening of the north Himalayan and south Tibetan crust, due perhaps to thermal relaxation of an already thickened crust created by the early phase of collision between India and Asia or frictional heating along major thrusts, such as the Main Central thrust, beneath the Himalaya C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Chinese Acad Geol Sci, Inst Geomech, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Yin, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Harrison, Timothy/E-7443-2012; Yin, An/B-3050-2014; UCLA, SIMS/A-1459-2011 NR 109 TC 181 Z9 204 U1 4 U2 25 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 111 IS 11 BP 1644 EP 1664 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1644:TDHOSA>2.3.CO;2 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 252AB UT WOS:000083477600004 ER PT J AU Berryman, JG Grechka, VY Berge, PA AF Berryman, JG Grechka, VY Berge, PA TI Analysis of Thomsen parameters for finely layered VTI media SO GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th SEG Annual Meeting CY 1997 CL DALLAS, TEXAS SP SEG ID TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC MEDIA; PARTIALLY SATURATED ROCKS; ELASTIC-ANISOTROPY; WAVE VELOCITIES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPRESSIONAL-WAVE; SEISMIC VELOCITIES; SANDSTONES; REFLECTION; DEPENDENCE AB Since the work of Postma and Backus, much has been learned about elastic constants in vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) media when the anisotropy is due to fine layering of isotropic elastic materials. Nevertheless, there has continued to be some uncertainty about the possible range of Thomsen's anisotropy parameters epsilon and delta for such media. We use both Monte Carlo studies and detailed analysis of Backus' equations for both two- and three-component layered media to establish the results presented. We show that epsilon lies in the range -3/8 less than or equal to epsilon less than or equal to 1/2[< v(p)(2)>< v(p)(-2)>-1], for finely layered media; smaller positive and all negative values of epsilon occur for media with large fluctuations in the Lame parameter lambda in the component layers. We show that delta can also be either positive or negative, and that for constant density media, sign (delta) = sign (< v(p)(-2)> - < v(s)(-2)>< v(s)(2)/v(p)(2)>). Monte Carlo simulations show that among all theoretically possible random media, positive and negative delta are equally likely in finely layered media. (Of course, the delta s associated with real earth materials may span some smaller subset of those that are theoretically possible, but answering this important question is beyond our present scope.) Layered media having large fluctuations in lambda are those most likely to have positive delta. This is somewhat surprising since epsilon is often negative or a small positive number for such media, and we have the general constraint that epsilon - delta > 0 for layered VTI media. Since Gassmann's results for fluid-saturated porous media show that the mechanical effects of fluids influence only the Lame parameter lambda, not the shear modulus mu, these results suggest that small positive delta occurring together with small positive epsilon (but somewhat larger than delta) may be indicative of changing fluid content in a layered earth. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Geophys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Berryman, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-200, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Berryman, James/A-9712-2008 NR 41 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-8025 J9 GEOPHYS PROSPECT JI Geophys. Prospect. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 47 IS 6 BP 959 EP 978 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2478.1999.00163.x PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 255RX UT WOS:000083684900008 ER PT J AU Istok, JD Amonette, JE Cole, CR Fruchter, JS Humphrey, MD Szecsody, JE Teel, SS Vermeul, VR Williams, MD Yabusaki, SB AF Istok, JD Amonette, JE Cole, CR Fruchter, JS Humphrey, MD Szecsody, JE Teel, SS Vermeul, VR Williams, MD Yabusaki, SB TI In situ redox manipulation by dithionite injection: Intermediate-scale laboratory experiments SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SOLUBILITY; HYDROXIDE AB The goal of in situ redox manipulation (ISRM) is to create a permeable treatment zone capable of removing redox-sensitive contaminants from ground mater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of one promising ISRM technology: chemical reduction of aquifer sediments by sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) injection. The technology was evaluated in intermediate-scale laboratory experiments designed to investigate the kinetics of Fe(III)-reduction and dithionite-disproportionation reactions in a radial flow field over similar transport distances (similar to 7 m) and time scales (similar to 72 hours) as those used Zn a field trial for remediation of chromate contaminated ground water at the Department of Energy Hanford site in Washington state. Four hundred liters (similar to 1 pore volume) of 0.1 M Na2S2O4 in a 0.4 M K2CO3/0.04 M KHCO3 buffer were injected at a rate scaled to field values. Dithionite breakthrough curves at sampling ports were approximately described by the advection-dispersion equation with a two-part reaction model containing first-order rate coefficients for dithionite reaction with sediment Fe(III) (k(1) = 0.13 hr(-1)) and dithionite disproportionation (k(2) = 0.05 hr(-1)). Analyses on sediment cores collected from the physical model indicated that substantial Fe(III) was reduced to Fe(III) and that the dithionite-treated sediment was capable of removing 2 mg/L chromate from similar to 100 column pore volumes of synthetic ground water. These results indicate that the ISRM technology is a potentially feasible method for removing chromate from Hanford ground water. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Istok, JD (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 14 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 37 IS 6 BP 884 EP 889 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb01187.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 252VU UT WOS:000083523600016 ER PT J AU Vargo, GJ AF Vargo, GJ TI A brief history of nuclear criticality accidents in Russia - 1953-1997 SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE historical profiles; accidents, nuclear; accident analysis; exposure, occupational AB Fourteen nuclear criticality accidents that occurred in Russia between 1953 and 1997 are described. These accidents are significant because of the loss of control of special nuclear material and the resultant radiation doses to personnel, potential damage to equipment, and release of radioactive material to the workplace and the environment. A qualitative analysis of the causes and contributing factors to these accidents is presented along with a description of the radiation health effects to workers. The primary cause of most of these accidents was inadequate design that allowed the use of process equipment that did not preclude nuclear criticality on the basis of geometry. Personnel errors and violations of procedures were major contributing factors to these accidents. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM vargo@pnl.gov NR 4 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 77 IS 5 BP 505 EP 511 DI 10.1097/00004032-199911000-00003 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 243NM UT WOS:000083004200002 PM 10524503 ER PT J AU Reginatto, M Goldhagen, P AF Reginatto, M Goldhagen, P TI Maxed, a computer code for maximum entropy deconvolution of multisphere neutron spectrometer data SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE computer calculations; spectrometry, neutron; neutrons; neutron dosimetry ID PRINCIPLE; DISTRIBUTIONS; ALGORITHM; SPECTRA AB Reliable neutron dosimetry requires knowledge of the neutron spectrum. We discuss the problem of analyzing data from a multisphere neutron spectrometer to infer the energy spectrum of the incident neutrons and describe the code MAXED, a computer program developed to apply the maximum entropy principle to this problem, The code and documentation are available from the authors upon request. C1 US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. EM mreg@eml.doe.gov NR 15 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 77 IS 5 BP 579 EP 583 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 243NM UT WOS:000083004200011 PM 10524512 ER PT J AU Liu, JC Bong, P Gray, B Mao, XS Nelson, G Nelson, WR Schultz, D Seeman, J AF Liu, JC Bong, P Gray, B Mao, XS Nelson, G Nelson, WR Schultz, D Seeman, J TI Radiation safety system of the B-Factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE shielding; accelerators; operational topics; radiation protection AB The radiation safety system of the B-Factory accelerator facility at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center is described. The radiation safety system, which is designed to protect people from prompt radiation exposure due to beam operation, consists of the access control system and the radiation containment system. The access control system prevents people from being exposed to the very high radiation levels inside a beamline shielding enclosure, The access control system consists of barriers, a standard entry module at every entrance, and beam stoppers. The radiation containment system prevents people from being exposed to the radiation outside a shielding enclosure due to either normal or abnormal operation. The radiation containment system consists of power limiting devices, shielding, dump and collimator, and an active radiation monitoring system. The inter-related elements for the access control system and radiation containment system, as well as the associated interlock network, are described, The policies and practices used in establishing the radiation safety system are also compared with the regulatory requirements. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM james@slac.stanford.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 77 IS 5 BP 588 EP 594 DI 10.1097/00004032-199911000-00014 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 243NM UT WOS:000083004200013 PM 10524514 ER PT J AU Baker, SI AF Baker, SI TI Detection of radon decay products in rainwater SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radon; monitoring, environmental; water; regulations AB The Argonne National Laboratory-East (ANL-E) Environmental Radiation Monitoring System measures and records ambient radiation levels and provides detection capability for radon decay products in rain clouds. These decay products in rainwater tracked into a facility on the shoes of workers can cause false alarms from hand and shoe monitors. The monitors at ANL-E can easily detect the radon decay products, and the 19.6 and 26.8 min half-lives of the beta-particle emitters are long enough in many cases for sufficient activity to still be present to initiate a contamination alarm when the shoes are checked for radioactivity The Environmental Radiation Monitoring Systemn provides a warning when precipitation contains elevated levels of radon decay products. It is based on a prototype developed at the Super Collider Laboratory. During its first year of operation there were nine alarms from radon decay products with an alarm trigger point set at 30% greater than background. The alarms occurred at both monitoring stations, which are approximately 1,000 m apart, indicating large diameter radon clouds. The increases in background were associated with low atmospheric pressure. There was no correlation with radon released from the coal-burning steam plant on the site. Alarms also occurred when short-lived accelerator-produced radioactivity in the exhaust stack plume passed over the NaI(Tl) detector in one of the stations. The 450 MeVproton accelerator near the station produced C-12, N-13, and O-15 by spallation of air nuclei. The gamma-ray spectrum from the plume from the accelerator exhaust stack was dominated by the 511 keV annihilation gamma rays from decay of these radionuclides. These gamma rays were easily distinguished from the 609 keV 1,120 keV and 1,764 keV gamma rays emitted by the radon decay products. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Safety & Hlth Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sambaker@anl.gov NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 77 IS 5 SU S BP S71 EP S76 DI 10.1097/00004032-199911001-00005 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 244RW UT WOS:000083065400005 PM 10527152 ER PT J AU Chen, SY Arnish, J Kamboj, S Nieves, LA AF Chen, SY Arnish, J Kamboj, S Nieves, LA TI Protocols for implementing DOE authorized release of radioactive scrap metals SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE decontamination; recycling; operational topic; safety standards AB A process to implement the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) policy for authorized release of radioactive materials from DOE facilities is provided in the Draft Handbook for Controlling Release for Reuse or Recycle of Property Containing Residual Radioactive Material, published by DOE in 1997 and distributed to DOE field offices for interim use and implementation. The authorized release of such property is intended to permit its beneficial use across the entire DOE complex. A computerized management tool-P2Pro(RSM)-has been developed to aid in carrying out the release process for radioactive metals. It contains protocols for the authorized release process and relevant information to facilitate the evaluation of scrap metals for reuse and recycle. The P2Pro(RSM) protocols provide DOE and its contractors with an effective, user-friendly tool for managing authorized release activities P2Pro(RSM) is designed to be used in the WindowsTM environment The protocols incorporate a relational database coupled with a graphic-user interface to guide the user through the appropriate steps so authorized release limits can be developed With the information provided in the database, an as-low-as-reasonably-achievable (ALARA) optimization process can be easily set up and run for up to 10 altematives for disposition of radioactive scrap metals. The results of the ALARA optimization process can be printed in a series of reports and submitted as part of the application for the authorized release of the radioactive scrap metals. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Environm Assessment Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM sychen@anl.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 77 IS 5 SU S BP S86 EP S95 DI 10.1097/00004032-199911001-00009 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 244RW UT WOS:000083065400009 PM 10527156 ER PT J AU Eifert, EJ Vickers, LD AF Eifert, EJ Vickers, LD TI The AL-R8 SI: The next generation staging container for plutonium pits at the USDOE Pantex Plant SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiation protection; radiation risk; operational topic; radiation dose AB The AL-R8 SI (sealed insert) is the next generation staging container for plutonium pits at the U.S. DOE Pantex Plant. The sealed insert is a stainless steel container that will be placed inside a modified AL-R8 container to stage pits. A pit is a hollow sphere of plutonium metal which is the primary fissionable material in nuclear weapons (war-heads and bombs). If is hermetically sealed by a cladding material, which is usually stainless steel. Personnel exposures to ionizing radiation from the pits in storage are expected to decrease due to the attenuation provided by the new SI. All personnel exposures to ionizing radiation at Pantex Plant are As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA). Pantex Plant secures the common defense and national security of the United States by safely staging plutonium pits in a manner that protects the health and safety of employees the public, and the environment. C1 US DOE, Pantex Plant, Amarillo, TX 79120 USA. EM eeifert@pantex.com NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 77 IS 5 SU S BP S104 EP S107 DI 10.1097/00004032-199911001-00011 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 244RW UT WOS:000083065400011 PM 10527158 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JM Mallett, MW AF Hoffman, JM Mallett, MW TI The LANL Model 8823 whole-body TLD and associated dose algorithm SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE calibration; dose; dosimetry; radiation dose AB The Los Alamos National Laboratory Model 8823 whole-body TLD has been designed to perform accurate dose estimates for beta, photon, and neutron radiations that are encountered in pure calibration, mixed calibration, and typical field radiation conditions. The radiation energies and field types for which the Model 8823 dosimeter is capable of measuring are described. The Model 8823 dosimeter hers been accredited for all performance testing categories in the Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program for external dosimetry systems. The philosophy reed in the design of the Model 8823 dosimeter and the associated dose algorithm is to isolate the responses due to beta, photon, and neutron radiations; obtain radiation quality information; and make functional adjustments to the elemental readings to estimate the dose equivalent at 7,300, and 1,000 mg cm(-2), representing the required reporting quantities for shallow lens-of-the-eye, and deep dose, respectively. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hoffjeff@lanl.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 77 IS 5 SU S BP S96 EP S103 DI 10.1097/00004032-199911001-00010 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 244RW UT WOS:000083065400010 PM 10527157 ER PT J AU Dunn, J Osterheld, AL Li, YL Nilsen, J Shlyaptsev, VN AF Dunn, J Osterheld, AL Li, YL Nilsen, J Shlyaptsev, VN TI Transient collisional excitation X-ray lasers with 1-ps tabletop drivers SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE collisional excitation; Ne-like; Ni-like ions; transient gain; X-ray lasers ID GAIN; AMPLIFIER AB Recent results are presented for I-ps driven X-ray laser amplification in Ne-like and Ni-like transient collisional excitation research at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Plasma formation, ionization and collisional excitation are optimized using two laser pulses of 600- and I-ps duration at tabletop energies of typically 5 J or less in each beam. Gain of 35 cm(-1) and higher has been measured on the 147 Angstrom 4d --> 4p J = 0 --> 1 transition of Ni-like Pd and is a direct consequence of the nonstationary population inversion produced by the high intensity picosecond pulse. We report the characterization of the X-ray laser properties including the transient gain lifetime and beam divergence for different Ne-like and Ni-like X-ray lasers. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dunn, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Laser Sci & Applicat, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1441 EP 1446 DI 10.1109/2944.814982 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 274HQ UT WOS:000084760700003 ER PT J AU Sebban, S Daido, H Sakaya, N Norimatsu, T Jitsuno, T Yoon, GY Mima, K Kato, Y Wang, S Gu, Y Huang, G Tang, H Murai, K Klisnick, A Zeitoun, P Butzbach, R Uschmann, I Vollbrecht, M Forster, E Nilsen, J Zhang, G Desai, T Takenaka, H Koike, F AF Sebban, S Daido, H Sakaya, N Norimatsu, T Jitsuno, T Yoon, GY Mima, K Kato, Y Wang, S Gu, Y Huang, G Tang, H Murai, K Klisnick, A Zeitoun, P Butzbach, R Uschmann, I Vollbrecht, M Forster, E Nilsen, J Zhang, G Desai, T Takenaka, H Koike, F TI Studies on collisional pumping of soft X-ray lasers at ILE SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE double target; nickel-like ions; prepulse pumping; saturation; water window; X-ray laser ID XUV LASER; PREPULSE TECHNIQUE; TRANSIENT GAIN; PUMPED LASER; 19.6 NM; 21.2 NM; 7.9 NM; PLASMAS; IONS; NI AB X-ray laser research performed at the Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, are reported. The performance of X-ray lasing pumped by a train of 100-ps pulses at the wavelength range between 14 and 4 nm was investigated. The irradiance on the target was up to similar to 3 x 10(14) W.cm(-2). The double target amplification was successfully demonstrated with two beam irradiation for Ag, Nd, Yb, Hf, and Ta lasing, Moreover double-pass amplification at 7.9 nm has been demonstrated. The higher atomic number X-rag lasing strongly depends upon the transverse distance of the two targets. C1 Osaka Univ, Inst Laser Engn, Osaka 5650871, Japan. Natl Lab High Power Lasers & Phys, Shanghai, Peoples R China. MITI, AIST, Osaka Natl Res Inst, Osaka 5638577, Japan. Univ Paris Sud, LSAI, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Inst Appl Phys & Computat Math, Beijing 100088, Peoples R China. Ctr Adv Technol, Indore, India. NTT AT, Musashino, Tokyo 180, Japan. Kitasato Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228, Japan. RP Sebban, S (reprint author), ENSTA, Lab Opt Appl, F-91761 Palaiseau, France. RI Klisnick, Annie/C-5532-2008; Klisnick, Annie/F-1152-2011; Norimatsu, Takayoshi/I-5710-2015; Jitsuno, Takahisa/M-6056-2015; Mima, Kunioki/H-9014-2016 NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1460 EP 1468 DI 10.1109/2944.814985 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 274HQ UT WOS:000084760700006 ER PT J AU Akyurtlu, A Werner, DH Veremey, V Steich, DJ Aydin, K AF Akyurtlu, A Werner, DH Veremey, V Steich, DJ Aydin, K TI Staircasing errors in FDTD at an air-dielectric interface SO IEEE MICROWAVE AND GUIDED WAVE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE air-dielectric interface; FDTD; staircasing errors ID APPROXIMATION; ALGORITHM AB An analytical expression is derived for the reflection coefficient of a staircased air/dielectric interface. This expression for the reflection coefficient is then used to determine the attenuation and propagation constants of the wave induced by staircasing. It is demonstrated here that the errors due to staircasing increase as the relative dielectric permittivity is increased and converges to the results for an air-PEG interface. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Akyurtlu, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1051-8207 J9 IEEE MICROW GUIDED W JI IEEE Microw. Guided Wave Lett. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 9 IS 11 BP 444 EP 446 DI 10.1109/75.808028 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 262RU UT WOS:000084080900002 ER PT J AU Lee, HLT Dalal, RV Ram, RJ Choquette, KD AF Lee, HLT Dalal, RV Ram, RJ Choquette, KD TI Dynamic range of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers in multimode links SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE optical fiber communication; optical modulation; semiconductor lasers; surface-emitting lasers ID BANDWIDTH; SYSTEMS AB We report spurious-free dynamic-range measurements of 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers in short multimode links for radio frequency communication. For a 27-m fiber link, the dynamic range at optimal bias was greater than 95 dB.Hz(2/3) for modulation frequencies between 1 and 5.5 GHz, which exceeds-the requirements for antenna remoting in microcellular networks, In a free-space link, we have measured the highest dynamic range in an 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser of 113 dB.Hz(2/3) at 900 MHz. We have also investigated the effects of modal noise and differential mode delay on the dynamic range for longer lengths of fiber. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Compound Semicond Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lee, HLT (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1473 EP 1475 DI 10.1109/68.803083 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 253YV UT WOS:000083585500046 ER PT J AU Spooner, JT Passino, KM AF Spooner, JT Passino, KM TI Decentralized adaptive control of nonlinear systems using radial basis neural networks SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL LA English DT Article ID UNIVERSAL APPROXIMATORS; MANIPULATORS; SCHEME AB Stable direct and indirect decentralized adaptive radial basis neural network controllers are presented for a class of interconnected nonlinear systems. The feedback and adaptation mechanisms for each subsystem depend only upon local measurements to provide asymptotic tracking of a reference trajectory. Due to the functional approximation capabilities of radial basis neural networks, the dynamics for each subsystem are not required to be Linear in a set of unknown coefficients as is typically required in decentralized adaptive schemes. In addition, each subsystem is able to adaptively compensate for disturbances and interconnections with unknown bounds. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Control Subsyst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Spooner, JT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Control Subsyst Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 20 TC 174 Z9 181 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9286 J9 IEEE T AUTOMAT CONTR JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Control PD NOV PY 1999 VL 44 IS 11 BP 2050 EP 2057 DI 10.1109/9.802914 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 256EX UT WOS:000083713900007 ER PT J AU Sari-Sarraf, H Goddard, JS AF Sari-Sarraf, H Goddard, JS TI Vision system for on-loom fabric inspection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/IAS Annual Textile Fiber and Film Industry Technical Conference CY MAY 11-13, 1998 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP IEEE, IAS DE computer vision; defect detection; fabric inspection; wavelet transform ID TEXTILE-INDUSTRY; MACHINE VISION; WAVELETS; DEFECTS AB This paper describes a vision-based fabric inspection system that accomplishes on-loom inspection of the fabric under construction with. 100% coverage. The inspection system, which offers a scalable open architecture, can be manufactured at relatively low cost using off-the-shelf components. While synchronized to the motion of the loom, the developed system first acquires very high-quality vibration-free images of the fabric using either front or backlighting, Then, the acquired images are subjected to a novel defect segmentation algorithm, which is based on the concepts of wavelet transform, image fusion, and the correlation dimension. The essence of this segmentation algorithm is the localization of those events (i.e., defects) in the input images that disrupt the global homogeneity of the background texture, The efficacy of this algorithm, as well as the overall inspection system, has been tested thoroughly under realistic conditions. The system was used to acquire and to analyze more than 3700 images of fabrics that were constructed with two different types of yarn, In each case, the performance of the system was evaluated as an operator introduced defects from 26 categories into the weaving process. The overall detection rate of the presented approach was found to be 89% with a localization accuracy of 0.2 in (i.e., the minimum defect size) and a false alarm rate of 2.5%. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sari-Sarraf, H (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NR 21 TC 93 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1252 EP 1259 DI 10.1109/28.806035 PG 8 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 259PX UT WOS:000083903200004 ER PT J AU Street, R Crew, DC AF Street, R Crew, DC TI Fluctuation aftereffect in magnetic materials SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 09-12, 1998 CL MIAMI, FLORIDA SP Amer Inst Phys, IEEE Magnet Soc, Minerals Met Mat Soc, Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Amer Ceramic Soc, Amer Phys Soc, EMTEC Magnet GmbH, Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd, IBM, Imation, Sony corp, TDK Corp, Toda Kogyo Corp, ADE Technol Inc, digital Measurement Syst Div, Komag, MMC Technol Inc DE magnetic hysteresis; magnetic materials; magnetic recording; magnetic thermal effects; magnetic time dependence; magnetization reversal AB Time dependence of magnetization under constant field conditions is exhibited by all materials subject to hysteresis. The phenomenon is a consequence of thermal activation of irreversible magnetization effects from metastable to stable states, Experimental observations of time dependence may be accounted for by considering distributions of the energy required for activation of the metastable states. Two simple cases are considered in this paper. The first involves a fixed value activation energy distribution; the second is concerned with magnetization events that all have the same value of activation energy. The latter is applicable to describing magnetization of magnetooptic Rims. It is shown that the results of measurements of time dependence of magnetization over,vide ranges of time and field are useful in distinguishing between different mechanisms involved in magnetization reversal processes. C1 Univ Western Australia, Dept Phys, Perth, WA 6907, Australia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Street, R (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Dept Phys, Perth, WA 6907, Australia. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 35 IS 6 BP 4407 EP 4413 DI 10.1109/20.809132 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 265ZM UT WOS:000084276200002 ER PT J AU Wipke, KB Cuddy, MR Burch, SD AF Wipke, KB Cuddy, MR Burch, SD TI ADVISOR 2.1: A user-friendly advanced powertrain simulation using a combined backward/forward approach SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB ADVISOR 2.1 is the latest version of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's advanced vehicle simulator, It was first developed in 1994 to support the U.S. Department of Energy hybrid propulsion system program and is designed to be accurate, fast, flexible, easily sharable, and easy to use. This paper presents the model, focusing on its combination of forward- and backward-facing simulation approaches, and evaluates the model in terms of its design goals. ADVISOR predicts acceleration time to within 0.7% and energy use on the demanding US06 to within 0.6% for an underpowered series hybrid vehicle (0-100 km/h in 20 s), ADVISOR simulates vehicle performance on standard driving cycles between 2.6 and 8.0 times faster than a representative forward-facing vehicle model. Due in large part to ADVISOR's powerful graphical user interface and Web presence, over 800 users have downloaded ADVISOR from 45 different countries. Many of these users have contributed their own component data to the ADVISOR library. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Gen Motors, Honeoye Falls, NY 14472 USA. RP Wipke, KB (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 239 Z9 247 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9545 J9 IEEE T VEH TECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 48 IS 6 BP 1751 EP 1761 DI 10.1109/25.806767 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA 262BQ UT WOS:000084046200002 ER PT J AU Young, JP Shaw, RW Webb, OF AF Young, JP Shaw, RW Webb, OF TI Radioactive origin of emissions observed from uranium compounds and their silica cells SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TH-229 ISOMER AB Uranyl ion fluorescence at 520 nm has been recorded from solutions that were excited only by radioactive emanations from trace concentrations of a U-232 impurity or added (225)actinium nitrate. This fluorescence had also been observed by others from (UO4)-U-233. 2H(2)O, but was attributed to a nuclear origin. Atomic oxygen emission was observed for a (UO4)-U-233. 2H(2)O sample, as was a brood visible emission originating from the fused silica tube that contained the radioactive sample. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Young, JP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 22 BP 5192 EP + DI 10.1021/ic990558b PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 255LL UT WOS:000083670200041 ER PT J AU Reed, P Holdaway, K Isensee, S Buie, E Fox, J Williams, J Lund, A AF Reed, P Holdaway, K Isensee, S Buie, E Fox, J Williams, J Lund, A TI User interface guidelines and standards: progress, issues, and prospects SO INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE software ergonomics standards; user interface design; user interface guidelines; software usability standards; software ergonomics in design and development; usability conformance assessment; tools for working with guidelines AB This article reviews progress in the development of standards and guidelines for human-computer interaction, including those developed within international and US standards bodies. Guidance for incorporating software ergonomics standards and guidelines into software design and development processes is discussed. Several different techniques that have been defined for assessing the conformance of a product to guidelines are reviewed. In addition, the strategies employed by formally approved standards developed in ISO and ANSI for determining conformance are discussed. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges for software ergonomics standards and guidelines that must be addressed as the pace of technological change continues to accelerate. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lucent Technol, Evergreen, CO 80439 USA. UIS Consulting Inc, Round Rock, TX 78681 USA. BMC Software, Austin, TX 78759 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. BELLCORE, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. US WEST Adv Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Reed, P (reprint author), Lucent Technol, 7282 Silverhorn Dr, Evergreen, CO 80439 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0953-5438 J9 INTERACT COMPUT JI Interact. Comput. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 12 IS 2 BP 119 EP 142 DI 10.1016/S0953-5438(99)00008-9 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 257GC UT WOS:000083773300002 ER PT J AU Gertsman, VY AF Gertsman, VY TI Twin junctions in monoclinic zirconia SO INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE grain boundary; triple junction; quadruple junction; disclination; monoclinic zirconia ID SITE-LATTICE MODEL AB Analysis of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images of the microstructure of monoclinic zirconia film has revealed that some areas are built entirely of twins. Twin boundaries form triple and quadruple junctions. While the misorientations of the constituent boundaries are completely balanced at quadruple junctions, there is a small rotational mismatch at the junctions of three twin boundaries. This mismatch is compensated by wedge disclinations. Crystallography of the triple junctions is considered and factors stabilizing intrinsic junction disclinations are discussed. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7056 J9 INTERFACE SCI JI Interface Sci. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 7 IS 3-4 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1023/A:1008765108357 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 282VX UT WOS:000085242100003 ER PT J AU Miller, JA Glarborg, P AF Miller, JA Glarborg, P TI Modeling the Thermal De-NOx Process: Closing in on a final solution SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID PRODUCT BRANCHING RATIO; TOTAL RATE-CONSTANT; NH2+NO REACTION; NITRIC-OXIDE; AMMONIA; TEMPERATURES; REDUCTION; LASER; HNO AB We have extended our previous kinetic model for the Thermal De-NOx Process to include recent information about the branching fraction alpha(1)(T) of the NH2 + NO reaction, (R1a) NH2 + NO <-> N-2 + H2O (R1b) NH2 + NO <-> NNH + OH where alpha(1)(T) = k(1b)/(k(1a) + k(1b)). The values of the rate coefficients k(1a)(T) and k(1b)(T) used in the model are k(1a) = 2.77 x 10(20) T-2.65 exp(-1258/RT) cm(3)/mole-sec. and k(1b) = 2.29 x 10(10) T-0.425 exp(814/RT) cm(3)/mole-sec. These two rate coefficients combine to give values of the total rate coefficient and branching fraction that are in excellent agreement with experiments over a wide range of temperatures, 300 K < T < 1400 K for k(1) = k(1a) + k(1a) and 300 K < T < 2000 K for alpha(1)(T). The smaller values of alpha(1)(T) in the Thermal De-NOx temperature window, 1100 K < T < 1400 K, used in the model allow us to reduce the value of the NNH lifetime to 1.5 x 10(-8) sec, which is consistent both with the upper limit set by experiment and with the best theoretical predictions. We compare the model predictions with the experiments of Kasuya et al. and discuss the results in some detail. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem Engn, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Miller, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 37 TC 69 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 10 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 31 IS 11 BP 757 EP 765 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4601(1999)31:11<757::AID-JCK1>3.0.CO;2-V PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 250PV UT WOS:000083397500001 ER PT J AU Krenn, CR Morris, JW AF Krenn, CR Morris, JW TI The compatibility of crack closure and K-max dependent models of fatigue crack growth SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials II CY SEP 07-11, 1998 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS SP Engn Fdn, USN, USAF DE crack closure; stress ratio; fatigue thresholds; high cycle fatigue; metals; alloys ID WAKE DISLOCATION PROBLEM; PROPAGATION; THRESHOLD; STEEL; ERROR AB There has been continued debate over the relative importance of crack closure and other sources of K-max dependence in metallic fatigue crack growth. Crack closure is believed to be a very important physical mechanism that is a source for the observed dependence of fatigue on load ratio or K-max. It is unclear whether the difficulty in observing some hypothesized crack closure is the result of the very small distances over which contact may occur, or whether new mechanisms which operate in front of the crack tip are affecting crack growth. From the existing experimental fatigue data, two driving force models have been developed, one based on crack closure and a Delta K-effective term, and a second based on two terms: Delta K and K-max. We show how these two driving force models are mathematically compatible with each other, examine what these models say about microstructural mechanisms of fatigue crack growth, and discuss the implications of each model on mechanical design of structures, materials design, and materials science. If there is to be continued debate over the relative importance of closure behind the crack tip and of the effects of stresses in front of the crack tip, we believe the debate should focus on the physical micro-mechanisms involved, rather than on analysis of the mechanical driving forces of crack growth or far field estimates of crack closure. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krenn, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD NOV PY 1999 VL 21 SU S BP S147 EP S155 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 263MN UT WOS:000084128600016 ER PT J AU Peralta, P Obergfell, K Llanes, L Laird, C Mitchell, TE AF Peralta, P Obergfell, K Llanes, L Laird, C Mitchell, TE TI Effect of texture and ramp loading on the cyclic response and dislocation substructure of copper polycrystals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Engineering Foundation Conference on Fatigue Damage of Structural Materials II CY SEP 07-11, 1998 CL HYANNIS, MASSACHUSETTS SP Engn Fdn, USN, USAF DE cyclic stress-strain curve; polycrystals; strain localization; dislocation structures; plateau ID STRESS-STRAIN RESPONSE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GRAIN-SIZE; FATIGUE BEHAVIOR; STAINLESS-STEEL; DEFORMATION; AMPLITUDE; EVOLUTION; NICKEL AB Fatigue tests were carried out on copper polycrystals that had a texture with strong components along directions inside the standard stereographic triangle (single slip orientations in monocrystals). The experiments showed that this "single slip" texture, ramp loading as a mechanical pretreatment and extended cycling at a given stress tp insure saturation provide the conditions to obtain a plateau in the Cyclic Stress-Strain Curve (CSSC) of copper polycrystals in a reproducible fashion. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies revealed the presence of numerous Persistent Slip Bands (PSB's) in samples deformed within the plateau regime. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Politecn Cataluna, ETSIIB, Dept Ciencia Mat & Ingn Met, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST CMS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peralta, P (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, POB 876106, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RI Llanes, Luis/H-9761-2015 OI Llanes, Luis/0000-0003-1054-1073 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD NOV PY 1999 VL 21 SU S BP S247 EP S253 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 263MN UT WOS:000084128600026 ER PT J AU Venkateshwaran, B Guo, RY Bhalla, A Balachandran, U AF Venkateshwaran, B Guo, RY Bhalla, A Balachandran, U TI Quantum paraelectric-like behavior of the paratitanate family of materials SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INORGANIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE electronic materials; oxides; dielectric properties AB Quantum paraelectric-like behavior has been observed in the paratitanate family of materials. Experiments performed on the dielectric properties of (La1/2Na1/2)TiO3 and (Nd1/2Na1/2)TiO3 over the temperature range 4 K-300 K suggest quantum paraelectric-like behavior and the dielectric data fits Barrett's expression. Other characteristics known to possess quantum paraelectrics, like a strong E-field dependence of dielectric constant at low temperature, were not observed and are discussed in this paper. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ceram Sect, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bhalla, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-6049 J9 INT J INORG MATER JI Int. J. Inorg. Mater. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 1 IS 5-6 BP 395 EP 402 DI 10.1016/S1466-6049(99)00052-5 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 298GY UT WOS:000086132000015 ER PT J AU Guerra-Vladusic, FK Scott, G Weaver, V Vladusic, EA Tsai, MS Benz, CC Lupu, R AF Guerra-Vladusic, FK Scott, G Weaver, V Vladusic, EA Tsai, MS Benz, CC Lupu, R TI Constitutive expression of Heregulin induces apoptosis in an erbB-2 overexpressing breast cancer cell line SKBr-3 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Heregulin; erbB-2; breast cancer; overexpression; apoptosis ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; NEU DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR; MAMMARY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; FACTOR RECEPTOR FAMILY; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; DNA-DAMAGE; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; ONCOGENE PRODUCT; BCL-2 EXPRESSION; EGF RECEPTOR AB We have previously reported that Heregulin (HRG)/neu differentiation factor (NDF) induced growth arrest and cellular differentiation in breast cancer cells overexpressing erbB-2 receptor. To elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying the growth inhibition by HRG, we developed an in vitro model by transfection of HRG cDNA into the erbB-2 overexpressing breast cancer cell line, SKBr-3. We showed that the enforced expression of HRG in SKBr-3 cells induces dramatic morphological changes and pronounced inhibition of anchorage-dependent and -independent growth. Most SKBr-3/HRG-transfected (SK/HRG) cells exhibited about 15-fold increase in size and persisted as 'giant' multinucleated cells with extended flattened vacuole-filled cytoplasm with reduced cell attachment. The growth suppression of SK/HRG cells was accompanied by a reduction in S phase, the presence of a G2-M cell cycle delay, and an increase in DNA aneuploid components. In addition, DNA fragmentation assays showed that HRG induced apoptosis of SKBr-3 cells. In contrast, while HRG treatment of other erbB-2 overexpressing breast cancer cell lines led to growth arrest and cell detachment, it did not induce apoptotic features. Thus, this study demonstrates that while growth arrest and cell detachment are general effects of HRG towards erbB-2 overexpressing cells, the ability of HRG to induce apoptosis is a phenomenon confined to selective cells including SKBr-3 cells. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Canc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Lupu, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01-DK 49049] NR 54 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROFESSOR D A SPANDIDOS PI ATHENS PA 1, S MERKOURI ST, EDITORIAL OFFICE,, ATHENS 116 35, GREECE SN 1019-6439 J9 INT J ONCOL JI Int. J. Oncol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 15 IS 5 BP 883 EP 892 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 251EW UT WOS:000083432500004 PM 10536169 ER PT J AU Ritchie, B Weatherford, CA AF Ritchie, B Weatherford, CA TI Quantum classical correspondence in nonrelativistic electrodynamics SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Atomic Molecular and Condensed Matter Theory CY FEB 27-MAR 05, 1999 CL ST AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA SP USA, Res Off, USN, Off Naval Res, IBM Corp, HyperCube Inc, Univ Florida DE quantum classical correspondence; QED; Lamb shift AB A form of classical electrodynamic field exists which gives exact agreement with the operator field of quantum electrodynamics (QED) for the Lamb shift of a harmonically bound point electron. Here it is pointed out that this form of classical theory, with its physically acceptable interpretation, is the result of an unconventional resolution of a mathematically ambiguous term in classical field theory. Finally, a quantum classical correspondence principle is shown to exist in the sense that the classical field and expectation value of the QED operator field are identical, if retardation is neglected in the latter. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Florida A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Weatherford, CA (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 75 IS 4-5 BP 655 EP 658 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1999)75:4/5<655::AID-QUA32>3.0.CO;2-V PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 254ME UT WOS:000083615800031 ER PT J AU Manaa, MR AF Manaa, MR TI Photodissociation of NaK: Ab initio spin-orbit interactions of the Na (3(2)S) K (4(2)P(J)) manifold SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Atomic Molecular and Condensed Matter Theory CY FEB 27-MAR 05, 1999 CL ST AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA SP USA, Res Off, USN, Off Naval Res, IBM Corp, HyperCube Inc, Univ Florida DE NaK; spin-orbit; photodissociation ID THEORETICAL TREATMENT; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; STATE; TRANSITION; COLLISIONS; ATOMS; MGO AB The relevant interstate b(II)(3),Pi A(1)Sigma(+), c(3)Sigma(+), and B(1)Pi spin-orbit induced matrix elements, arising from the Na (3 S-2) K (4 P-2(1)) manifold are treated within the full microscopic Breit-Pauli approximation based on ab initio configuration interaction (CI) wave functions. The determination of these couplings as a function of the internuclear distance of NaK should permit a full treatment of the fine-structure branching ratio K*(4 P-2(1/2)(D-1))/K*(4 P-2(3/2)(D-2)) in manifold-meditated photodissociation and in the treatment of interstate perturbations. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Manaa, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, L-282, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 75 IS 4-5 BP 693 EP 697 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1999)75:4/5<693::AID-QUA36>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 254ME UT WOS:000083615800035 ER PT J AU Boettger, JC Jones, MD Albers, RC AF Boettger, JC Jones, MD Albers, RC TI Structural properties of crystalline uranium from linear combination of Gaussian-type orbitals calculations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Atomic Molecular and Condensed Matter Theory CY FEB 27-MAR 05, 1999 CL ST AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA SP USA, Res Off, USN, Off Naval Res, IBM Corp, HyperCube Inc, Univ Florida ID DOUGLAS-KROLL TRANSFORMATION AB Scalar-relativistic linear combinations of Gaussian-type orbitals-fitting function (LCGTO-FF) calculations, using the local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to density functional theory, were used to determine the atomic volumes, bulk moduli, and relative stabilities of uranium in the fee, bcc, and alpha-U (orthorhombic) phases. The alpha-U phase is found to be the most stable, in agreement with experiment. The LDA yields an atomic volume that is about 7% smaller than experiment, while the GGA produces near perfect agreement with experiment. The numerical stability of the LCGTO-FF results is tested by comparison with a similar series of scalar-relativistic calculations using the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FLAPW) method. The results obtained with the two methods are in excellent agreement, demonstrating the ability of the LCGTO-FF method to address the properties of a light actinide metal in its low-symmetry alpha phase. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boettger, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0020-7608 J9 INT J QUANTUM CHEM JI Int. J. Quantum Chem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 75 IS 4-5 BP 911 EP 915 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1999)75:4/5<911::AID-QUA55>3.0.CO;2-X PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Mathematics; Physics GA 254ME UT WOS:000083615800054 ER PT J AU Horstemeyer, MF Gokhale, AM AF Horstemeyer, MF Gokhale, AM TI A void-crack nucleation model for ductile metals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID POROUS PLASTIC SOLIDS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; CAVITY NUCLEATION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; GROWTH; STEEL; LOCALIZATION; FAILURE; PROPAGATION AB A phenomenological void-crack nucleation model for ductile metals with second phases is described which is motivated from fracture mechanics and microscale physical observations. The void-crack nucleation model is a function of the fracture toughness of the aggregate material, length scale parameter (taken to be the average size of the second phase particles in the examples shown in this writing), the volume fraction of the second phase, strain level, and stress state. These parameters are varied to explore their effects upon the nucleation and damage rates. Examples of correlating the void-crack nucleation model to tension data in the literature illustrate the utility of the model for several ductile metals. Furthermore, compression, tension, and torsion experiments on a cast Al-Si-Mg alloy were conducted to determine void-crack nucleation rates under different loading conditions. The nucleation model was then correlated to the cast Al-Si-Mg data as well. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Horstemeyer, MF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM mfhorst@sandia.gov OI Horstemeyer, Mark/0000-0003-4230-0063 NR 86 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 EI 1879-2146 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 36 IS 33 BP 5029 EP 5055 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(98)00239-X PG 27 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 212XL UT WOS:000081242900004 ER PT J AU Davies, RW Oliver, HE Smith, MT Grant, GJ AF Davies, RW Oliver, HE Smith, MT Grant, GJ TI Characterizing Al tailor-welded blanks for automotive applications SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The application of aluminum tailor-welded blanks offers significant potential for reducing the weight of future automobiles, and improvements are being made in the development and understanding of the welding process. There are several geometric and infernal weld features that make the complete numerical description of tailor-welded blank forming challenging. The variation of the experimental formability results found in the literature for aluminum tailor-welded blanks appears to be large, and a combined theoretical tensile instability and statistical analysis of internal weld porosity may explain at feast some of the variation reported. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Reynolds Met Co, Corp Res Div, Chester, VA USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Davies, RW (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, 902 Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 51 IS 11 BP 46 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s11837-999-0222-4 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 256BT UT WOS:000083706000010 ER PT J AU Scotford, IM Cumby, TR Richards, PA Keppel, D Lenehan, JJ AF Scotford, IM Cumby, TR Richards, PA Keppel, D Lenehan, JJ TI Development of an in-line nutrient sensing system for livestock slurries SO JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MANURE AB An in-line nutrient sensing system was designed, built and fitted to a slurry tanker of 7 m(3) capacity. The system measured particular physical and chemical properties of the tanker contents to derive estimates of their ammoniacal nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium concentrations. The complete system was tested in the UK and Ireland using seven cattle slurries and 11 pig slurries. The nutrient estimates were based on calibration coeffcients which related the nutrient concentrations to the measured physical and chemical properties. Results proved that most of these coefficients, which had been determined previously using a different sensing system, could be transferred directly to the tanker-mounted system. In the cases where the coefficients could be transferred, the overall standard errors per observation for estimation of ammoniacal nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations were +/- 0.29, +/- 0.29, and +/- 0.79 kg/m(3), respectively. The respective ranges over which these values were determined were 0.63-5.29, 0.12-0.71 and 0.81-6.49 kg/m(3). It was also demonstrated that re-calibration could improve the accuracy of estimation, particularly in instances where the system was used to determine the effects of aqueous dilution of slurries. In practice, the nutrient content of each tanker load of slurry was estimated within a period of 2 min, and thus could be completed whilst the tanker was moving from a slurry store to a spreading site, so that the target application rate could be adjusted to achieve a desired nutrient application. Therefore! it did not reduce the normal work rate of the tanker. (C) 1999 Silsoe Research Institute. C1 Silsoe Res Inst, Silsoe MK45 4HS, Beds, England. TEAGASC, Oak Pk Res Ctr, Carlow, Ireland. TEAGASC, Grange Res Ctr, Dunsay, Meath, Ireland. RP Scotford, IM (reprint author), Silsoe Res Inst, Wrest Pk, Silsoe MK45 4HS, Beds, England. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-8634 J9 J AGR ENG RES JI J. Agr. Eng. Res. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 74 IS 3 BP 303 EP 316 DI 10.1006/jaer.1999.0467 PG 14 WC Agricultural Engineering SC Agriculture GA 258CB UT WOS:000083819600011 ER PT J AU Johnson, JN Gray, GT Bourne, NK AF Johnson, JN Gray, GT Bourne, NK TI Effect of pulse duration and strain rate on incipient spall fracture in copper SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POROUS MATERIALS; INTERFEROMETER; SOLIDS AB Data are presented on real time (VISAR) measurements of the spall fracture of copper for various pulse durations and tensile strain rates at the spall plane. The impactors consist of Teflon, Y-cut quartz, and a tungsten heavy alloy. VISAR data are compared with finite-difference calculations employing a rate-dependent void-growth model. The data and comparisons show little dependence of the onset of void growth on either pulse duration or tensile strain rate. Also, it is shown that hydrodynamics (wave propagation properties) involving the transmission of the spall signal from the spall plane to the free surface (plane of the VISAR measurement) can mask slight differences in the void-growth or fracture response. In addition, new results are presented for the elastic description of planar wave propagation in Y-cut quartz; expressions are given for the six independent stress components to second order in infinitesimal Lagrangian strains. A discussion with regard to additional use of Y-cut quartz in impact experiments is presented. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)03021-2]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cranfield Univ, Royal Mil Coll Sci, Dept Environm & Ordnance Syst, Swindon SN6 8LA, Wilts, England. RP Johnson, JN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bourne, Neil/A-7544-2008 NR 27 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 9 BP 4892 EP 4901 DI 10.1063/1.371527 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 246XA UT WOS:000083189100026 ER PT J AU Schlomka, JP Tolan, M Press, W Fitzsimmons, MR Siebrecht, R Schubert, DW Simon, P AF Schlomka, JP Tolan, M Press, W Fitzsimmons, MR Siebrecht, R Schubert, DW Simon, P TI Interdiffusion in NiMnSb/V/NiMnSb: X-ray and neutron reflectivity investigation of ion beam sputtered trilayer systems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METALLIC FERROMAGNET NIMNSB; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; HEUSLER COMPOUNDS; PTMNSB; MAGNETORESISTANCE; SURFACES; MULTILAYERS; SCATTERING; DENSITY AB The new trilayer system NiMnSb/V/NiMnSb on MgO(001) was investigated by means of vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), x-ray, and neutron reflectivity. VSM revealed a coercive field H-c=23 Oe and a hysteresis loop similar to that of an uncoupled ferromagnet. The x-ray and neutron reflectivity data proved that interface roughnesses of 10 Angstrom are present. A detailed analysis yielded significant interdiffusion at the NiMnSb/V interfaces which is one possible explanation for the weak magnetoresistance effect measured in similar NiMnSb-based multilayer systems. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021- 8979(99)00921-4]. C1 Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. Max Planck Inst Polymerforsch, D-55021 Mainz, Germany. RP Tolan, M (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Angew Phys, Leibnizstr 17-19, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 9 BP 5146 EP 5151 DI 10.1063/1.371491 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 246XA UT WOS:000083189100062 ER PT J AU Chung, JS Ice, GE AF Chung, JS Ice, GE TI Automated indexing for texture and strain measurement with broad-bandpass x-ray microbeams SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; LAUE; SPECTROMETER AB Methods are derived for measuring local strain, stress, and crystallographic texture (orientation) in polycrystalline samples when 1-10 grains are simultaneously illuminated by an energy scanable or broad-bandpass x-ray beam. The orientation and unit-cell shape for each illuminated grain can be determined from the diffracted directions of four Bragg reflections. The unit-cell volume is determined by measuring the energy (wavelength) of one reflection. The methods derived include an algorithm for simultaneously indexing the reflections from overlapping crystal Laue patterns and for determining the average strain and stress tensor of each grain. This approach allows measurements of the local strain and stress tensors which are impractical with traditional techniques. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)07921-9]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chung, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 167 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 9 BP 5249 EP 5255 DI 10.1063/1.371507 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 246XA UT WOS:000083189100078 ER PT J AU Cooke, DW Bennett, BL Muenchausen, RE McClellan, KJ Roper, JM Whittaker, MT AF Cooke, DW Bennett, BL Muenchausen, RE McClellan, KJ Roper, JM Whittaker, MT TI Intrinsic trapping sites in rare-earth and yttrium oxyorthosilicates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SCINTILLATORS; LUMINESCENCE; THERMOLUMINESCENCE; LSO AB Similarity among the thermally stimulated luminescence glow curves of undoped Lu2SiO5 and Ce3+-doped oxyorthosilicates possessing the monoclinic C2/c structure strongly suggests the luminescence traps are intrinsic in origin. They are most likely associated with the configuration of oxygen ions in the vicinity of not only the Ce3+ ion, as suggested in previous work, but also the host lanthanide ion. The optical absorption spectrum of pristine Lu2SiO5 shows the presence of intrinsic absorption centers that are enhanced upon x irradiation as seen in other oxides containing oxygen related point defects. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)06921-2]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cooke, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 9 BP 5308 EP 5310 DI 10.1063/1.371518 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 246XA UT WOS:000083189100090 ER PT J AU Eichinger, WE Cooper, DI Forman, PR Griegos, J Osborn, MA Richter, D Tellier, LL Thornton, R AF Eichinger, WE Cooper, DI Forman, PR Griegos, J Osborn, MA Richter, D Tellier, LL Thornton, R TI The development of a scanning raman water vapor lidar for boundary layer and tropospheric observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION; SYSTEM; AEROSOLS; PROFILES AB A scanning, ultraviolet, Raman water vapor lidar designed primarily for boundary layer measurements has been built and operated by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Ground-Based Earth Observing Network team. The system provides high temporal and spatial resolution measurements of the atmosphere within and above the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Several examples of the types of data collected and the techniques for processing the data are presented. The typical horizontal range for the lidar is approximately 700 m when scanning, while the vertical range with photon counting can be up to 12 km with corresponding spatial resolutions of 1.5 m in the near field to 75 m in the far field. The uncertainty in the water vapor mixing ratio was found to be +/-0.34 g kg(-1). The development of the scanning Raman lidar is directed at questions about the behavior of the surface atmosphere interface. These questions address the nature of spatial variability and intermittent microscale convective transport in the ABL and lower troposphere. C1 Univ Iowa, Iowa Inst Hydraul Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Eichinger, WE (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Iowa Inst Hydraul Res, 300 Riverside Dr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NR 41 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1753 EP 1766 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<1753:TDOASR>2.0.CO;2 PN 2 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 258VH UT WOS:000083859600008 ER PT J AU Klazura, GE Thomale, JM Kelly, DS Jendrowski, P AF Klazura, GE Thomale, JM Kelly, DS Jendrowski, P TI A comparison of NEXRAD WSR-88D radar estimates of rain accumulation with gauge measurements for high- and low-reflectivity horizontal gradient precipitation events SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Radar-estimated rainfall amounts from the NEXRAD Weather Surveillance Radar precipitation accumulation algorithm were compared with measurements from numerous rain gauges (1639 radar versus gauge comparisons). Storm total rain accumulations from 43 rain events from 10 radar sites were analyzed. These rain events were stratified into two precipitation types: 1) high-reflectivity horizontal gradient storms and 2) low-reflectivity horizontal gradient events. Overall, the radar slightly overestimated rainfall accumulations for high-reflectivity gradient cases and significantly underestimated accumulations for low-reflectivity gradient cases. Varying degrees of range effects were observed for these two types of precipitation. For high-reflectivity gradient cases, the radar underestimated rainfall at the nearest ranges, overestimated at the middle ranges, and had fairly close agreements at the farthest ranges. A much stronger range bias was evident for low-reflectivity gradient cases. The radar underestimated rainfall by at least a factor of 2 in the nearest and farthest ranges, and to a somewhat lesser extent at midranges. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Oklahoma Climatol Survey, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Natl Weather Serv, Melbourne, FL USA. Natl Weather Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Klazura, GE (reprint author), ABLE Project Off, 13645 SW Haverhill Rd, Augusta, KS 67010 USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1842 EP 1850 DI 10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<1842:ACONWR>2.0.CO;2 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 258VH UT WOS:000083859600014 ER PT J AU Russell, CT Chi, PJ Angelopoulos, V Goedecke, W Chun, FK Le, G Moldwin, MB Reeves, GD AF Russell, CT Chi, PJ Angelopoulos, V Goedecke, W Chun, FK Le, G Moldwin, MB Reeves, GD TI Comparison of three techniques for locating a resonating magnetic field line SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE; FREQUENCIES; PULSATIONS; DENSITY AB Three techniques for locating field lines in the magnetosphere that contain standing ULF pulsations are compared using dynamic spectra. The first technique compares ratios of the H- and D-components of the magnetic field at a single site; the second examines the ratios of the I-I-components at neighboring sites along a magnetic meridian; and the third displays the phase difference between H-components at neighboring sites. We find that the H:D ratio at a single station appears to detect magnetospheric standing waves but not their precise location. In contrast, the dual station I-I-ratio technique is sensitive to resonances local to the stations and has advantages over the widely used phase-gradient technique. In contrast to the latter technique calculating the H-power ratio does not require precise timing and provides two resonant locations, not one. We also find that the stations used need not be strictly confined to a single magnetic meridian. Resonance signatures can be detected with stations up to 1300 km in east-west separation. In our initial data near L = 2 multiple-harmonic structure is generally not observed. The resonant wave period, when assumed to be the fundamental of the standing Alfven wave, gives densities in the range 3000-8000 amu/cm(3). These mass densities agree with in situ observations at earlier epochs. The equatorial. mass density varies most during the day (by over a factor of two for the case studied) at L = 1.86 and much less (20%) at L = 2.2. This is consistent with a constant upward flux of ions over this latitude range flowing into a flux tube whose volume increases rapidly with increasing L-value. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Boulder, CO USA. USAF Acad, Colorado Springs, CO 80840 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Space Sci, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Russell, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM ctrussel@igpp.ucla.edu RI Moldwin, Mark/F-8785-2011; Le, Guan/C-9524-2012; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; OI Moldwin, Mark/0000-0003-0954-1770; Le, Guan/0000-0002-9504-5214; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1364-6826 J9 J ATMOS SOL-TERR PHY JI J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 61 IS 17 BP 1289 EP 1297 DI 10.1016/S1364-6826(99)00066-8 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 285KN UT WOS:000085388400005 ER PT J AU Mason, GF Pan, JW Chu, WJ Newcomer, BR Zhang, YT Orr, R Hetherington, HP AF Mason, GF Pan, JW Chu, WJ Newcomer, BR Zhang, YT Orr, R Hetherington, HP TI Measurement of the tricarboxylic acid cycle rate in human grey and white matter in vivo by H-1-[C-13] magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4.1T SO JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM LA English DT Article DE compartmentation; tricarboxylic acid cycle; glucose utilization; oxidative metabolism; carbon-13; MRS ID REFOCUSED COHERENCE TRANSFER; C-13 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; HUMAN-BRAIN; POSITRON TOMOGRAPHY; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; OXYGEN UTILIZATION; BLOOD-FLOW; GLUTAMATE; GRAY; LACTATE AB C-13 isotopic labeling data were obtained by H-1-observed/C-13-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the human brain in vivo and analyzed using a mathematical model to determine metabolic rates in human,grey matter and white matter. 22.5-cc and 56-cc voxels were examined for grey matter and white matter, respectively. When partial volume effects were ignored, the measured tricarboxylic acid cycle rate was 0.72 +/- 0.22 (mean +/- SD) and 0.29 +/- 0.09 mu mol min(-1) g(-1) (mean +/- SD) in voxels of -70% grey and -70% white matter, respectively. After correction for partial volume effects using a model with two tissue compartments, the tricarboxylic acid cycle rate in pure grey matter was higher (0.80 +/- 0.10 mol min(-1) g(-1); mean +/- SD) and in white matter was significantly lower (0.17 +/- 0.01 mu mol min(-1) g(-1); mean +/- SD). In H-1-observed/C-13-edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy labeling studies, the larger concentrations of labeled metabolites and faster metabolic rates in grey matter biased the measurements heavily toward grey matter, with labeling time courses in 70% grey matter appearing nearly identical to labeling in pure grey matter. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Magnet Resonance Ctr 138, Dept Psychiat, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Magnet Resonance Ctr 138, Dept Biomed Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Brookhaven, NY USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Radiol, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Crit & Diagnost Care, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Biomed Engn, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Mason, GF (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Magnet Resonance Ctr 138, Dept Psychiat, 333 Cedar St,POB 208043, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-07723]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS37527-01] NR 44 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0271-678X J9 J CEREBR BLOOD F MET JI J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1179 EP 1188 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Hematology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 276NJ UT WOS:000084884000002 PM 10566964 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Jirsak, T Chaturvedi, S AF Rodriguez, JA Jirsak, T Chaturvedi, S TI Reaction of H2S with MgO(100) and Cu/MgO(100) surfaces: Band-gap size and chemical reactivity SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METAL-SURFACES; MGO(001) SURFACE; OXIDE SURFACES; ELECTRON-GAS; CHEMISORPTION; ADSORPTION; S-2; ENERGY; SITES; WATER AB The interaction of H2S, SH, and S with MgO(100) and Cu/MgO(100) surfaces has been investigated using synchrotron-based high resolution photoemission and density functional calculations. Metallic magnesium reacts vigorously with H2S fully decomposing the molecule at temperatures below 200 K. In contrast, the Mg atoms in MgO exhibit a moderate reactivity. At 80 K, most of the H2S molecules (similar to 80%) chemisorb intact on a MgO(100) surface. Annealing to 200 K induces cleavage of S-H bonds leaving similar amounts of H2S and SH on the surface. The complete disappearance of H2S is observed at 300 K, and the dominant species on the oxide is SH which is coadsorbed with a small amount (similar to 10%) of atomic S. The adsorbed SH fully decomposes upon heating to 400 K producing S adatoms that are stable on the surface at temperatures well above 500 K. The results of density functional calculations indicate that the bonding interactions of SH and S with pentacoordinated Mg sites of a flat MgO(100) surface are strong, but the bonding of the H2S molecule is relatively weak. Defect sites probably play an important role in the dissociation of H2S. Cu adatoms facilitate the decomposition of H2S on MgO(100) by providing electronic states that are very efficient for interactions with the frontier orbitals of the molecule. The rate of H2S decomposition on MgO is substantially lower than those found on Cr3O4, Cr2O3, ZnO, and Cu2O. For these systems, the smaller the band-gap in the oxide, the bigger its reactivity towards H2S. Theoretical calculations indicate that this trend reflects the effects of band-orbital mixing. The electrostatic interactions between the dipole of H2S and the ionic field generated by the charges in an oxide play only a secondary role in the adsorption process. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)71041-X]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 73 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 17 BP 8077 EP 8087 DI 10.1063/1.480141 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 245LX UT WOS:000083111400043 ER PT J AU Johnson, MT Kotula, PG Carter, CB AF Johnson, MT Kotula, PG Carter, CB TI Growth of nickel ferrite thin films using pulsed-laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID SPINEL PARTICLES; TWIN BOUNDARIES; MORPHOLOGY; INTERFACES; NIO AB Epitactic thin films of nickel ferrite spinel (NiFe2O4) have been grown on (0001) oriented sapphire substrates using pulsed-laser deposition. Three different methods were used to produce the films. The first was direct deposition using a stoichiometric NiFe2O4 target. In the other two methods, a solid-state reaction between NiO and Fe2O3 was utilized to produce the spinel. In one case! the spinel was formed in situ while film growth occurred in the deposition system; in the other case, a NiO/Fe2O3 heterostructure was reacted ex situ at elevated temperatures in air. The resulting ferrite films were analyzed in cross section using both conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. In general, the predominant defects found in the spinel films were twin boundaries. However, the topology of the twin boundaries in each of the three films was different. These differences were attributed to, and correlated with, the growth method and reaction processes used to produce the spinel film. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carter, CB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RI Carter, C. Barry/E-6478-2010; Kotula, Paul/A-7657-2011 OI Carter, C. Barry/0000-0003-4251-9102; Kotula, Paul/0000-0002-7521-2759 NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD NOV PY 1999 VL 206 IS 4 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(99)00342-5 PG 9 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA 249LL UT WOS:000083334500008 ER PT J AU Nelson, AJ Gregoratti, L Chagarov, E Lonza, D Marsi, M Kiskinova, M AF Nelson, AJ Gregoratti, L Chagarov, E Lonza, D Marsi, M Kiskinova, M TI Spectromicroscopic investigation of (NH4)(2)S treated polycrystalline Cu(In1-xCax)Se-2 SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article DE synchrotron spectromicroscopy; elemental and chemical imaging; photovoltaics ID ESCA MICROSCOPY; GAAS-SURFACES; PHOTOEMISSION; ELETTRA AB Device-grade polycrystalline thin-film Cu(In1-xGax)Se-2 was treated with (NH4)(2)S at 60 degrees C to determine the resulting microscopic surface composition/morphology. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the resultant macroscopic surface morphology. Modification of the surface and grain boundary chemistry of the Cu(In1-xGax)Se-2 polycrystalline films was investigated with scanning photoemission spectromicroscopy. The submicrometer lateral resolution of this technique allows us to directly characterize not only the surface chemistry of the treated films on the submicron scale, but also to probe the grain boundary chemistry. Chemical maps depicting the distribution of chemical species on the surface and at grain boundaries were obtained by monitoring the S 2p, Se 3d, In 4d/Ga 3d and Cu 3d (valence band) photoelectrons while scanning the sample. Background maps were also acquired of each of the peak energies to separate chemical contrast from topographic contrast. Results show that S has been incorporated at the surface, possibly creating a wider bandgap Cu(In1-xGax)(Se1-ySy)(2) surface layer, and along the grain boundaries. The purpose of this investigation is to find an environmentally safe replacement for the toxic CdS overlayer commonly used for heterojunction devices without sacrificing overall device performance and reliability. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. RP Nelson, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 105 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0368-2048(99)00019-5 PG 11 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 254AK UT WOS:000083589200007 ER PT J AU Vianco, PT Burchett, SN Nielsen, MK Rejent, JA Frear, DR AF Vianco, PT Burchett, SN Nielsen, MK Rejent, JA Frear, DR TI Coarsening of the Sn-Pb solder microstructure in constitutive model-based predictions of solder joint thermal mechanical fatigue SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 128th TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Min, Met & Mat Soc DE Sn-Pb solder; visco-plastic model; thermal mechanical fatigue ID GRAIN-GROWTH; ALLOY AB An expression for the coarsening rate of the Pb-rich phase particles was determined through isothermal aging experiments and comparative literature data as: lambda = lambda(o) + {[4.10 x 10(-5) e(-11023/T) + 15.6 x 10(-8) e(-3123/T) (d gamma/dt)]t}(0.256) where lambda(o) and lambda are the initial and final mean Pb-rich particle diameters, respectively (mm); T is temperature (degrees K); t is time (s); and d gamma/dt is the strain rate (s(-1)). The phase coarsening behavior showed good agreement with previous literature data from isothermal aging experiments. The power-law exponent, p, for the Pb-rich phase size coarsening kinetics: lambda(p) - lambda(o)(p) approximate to t increased from a value of 3.3 at the low aging temperature regime (70-100 degrees C) to a value of 5.1 at the high temperature regime (135-170 degrees C), suggesting that the number of short-circuit diffusion paths had increased with further aging. This expression provides an important basis for the microstructurally-based, constitutive equation used in the visco-plastic model for TMF in Sn-Pb solder. The revised visco-plastic model was exercised using a through-hole solder joint configuration. Initial data indicate a satisfactory compatibility between the coarsening expression and the constitutive equation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Motorola Corp, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Vianco, PT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1290 EP 1298 DI 10.1007/s11664-999-0170-3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 255DH UT WOS:000083653900023 ER PT J AU Barenblatt, GI AF Barenblatt, GI TI The 1999 James Lighthill Memorial Paper: Scaling laws for turbulent wall-bounded shear flows at very large Reynolds numbers SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE turbulence; scaling laws; wall-bounded shear flows; asymptotics; Reynolds number ID LOCAL-STRUCTURE; LAYER AB Deep ideas of Sir James Lighthill concerning turbulent flows are discussed in the beginning. The scaling laws for large-Reynolds-number flows are presented in their historical development. The underlying hypotheses are discussed and compared with experiments. Special attention is given to non-universal Reynolds-number-dependent scaling laws that reveal the incomplete similarity of the flows. Recent results concerning scaling laws for boundary layers are presented in more detail and discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barenblatt, GI (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0833 J9 J ENG MATH JI J. Eng. Math. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 36 IS 4 BP 361 EP 384 DI 10.1023/A:1004784331151 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 253HU UT WOS:000083551600006 ER PT J AU Luxmoore, RJ Tharp, ML Efroymson, RA AF Luxmoore, RJ Tharp, ML Efroymson, RA TI Comparison of simulated forest responses to biosolids applications SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID WASTE-WATER SLUDGE; SEWAGE-SLUDGE; LAND APPLICATION; SOIL; SUCCESSION; LANDSCAPE; BROMIDE; CARBON; FLOOR AB Organic matter and N are added to humus poets of the LINKAGES simulator of forest growth and N cycling at a range of application rates to investigate long-term effects of biosolids (sewage sludge) on forest productivity. Two conifer plantations (Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France var. menziesii], loblolly pine [Pinus taeda LI) and a northern hardwood forest located in contrasting climatic regions are investigated. Single applications of biosolids are given at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 Mg/ha, and multiple applications are given on seven occasions st 3-yr intervals at rates of 5 and 10 Mg/ha. Highly significant increases in aboveground phytomass and net primary productivity of Douglas-fir plantations are obtained in a 100-yr simulation with increasing biosolids application rates. Results for loblolly pine from a 50-yr simulation produced about half the growth response of Douglas-fir, Long-term simulations of northern hardwoods shelved modest growth responses and small increases in NPP with added biosolids. The phytomass of one overstory and three understory species in the hardwood forest changed in response to different biosolids applications and varying species sensitivity to N supply. Biosolids are a significant resource for enhancing forest productivity, particularly in conifer plantations. Estimates of N leaching losses from simulated forest sites combined with a literature review of leaching lasses suggest that biosolids applications at 3-yr intervals with rates less than 8.5 Mg/ha (0.4 Mg N/ha) during active forest growth may pose little offsite contamination risk to ground water or surface waters. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Luxmoore, RJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Efroymson, Rebecca/0000-0002-3190-880X NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1996 EP 2007 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266EU UT WOS:000084288300041 ER PT J AU Li, LJ Garden, RW Floyd, PD Moroz, TP Gleeson, JM Sweedler, JV Pasa-Tolic, L Smith, RD AF Li, LJ Garden, RW Floyd, PD Moroz, TP Gleeson, JM Sweedler, JV Pasa-Tolic, L Smith, RD TI Egg-laying hormone peptides in the Aplysiidae family SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE egg-laying hormone; bag cell peptide; Aplysia californica; Aplysia vaccaria; Phyllaplysia taylori; matrix-assisted laser desporption/ionization; electrospray ionization; fourier transformed ion cyclotron resonance; mass spectrometry; microbore liquid chromatography; peptide sequencing ID BAG-CELL PEPTIDE; TRANSFORM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LEECH ERPOBDELLA-OCTOCULATA; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ATRIAL GLAND PEPTIDES; GASTROPOD MOLLUSKS; LYMNAEA-STAGNALIS; IDENTIFICATION; NEUROPEPTIDES; BEHAVIOR AB The neuropeptidergic bag cells of the marine mollusc Aplysia californica are involved in the egg-laying behavior of the animal, These neurosecretory cells synthesize an egg-laying hormone (ELH) precursor protein, yielding multiple bioactive peptides, including ELH, several bag cell peptides (BCP) and acidic peptide (AP), While immunohistochemical studies have involved a number of species, homologous peptides have been biochemically characterized in relatively few Aplysiidae species. In this study, a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MS) and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS is used to characterize and compare the ELH peptides from related opisthobranch molluscs including Aplysia vaccaria and Phyllaplysia taylori, The peptide profiles of bag cells from these two Aplysiidae species are similar to that of A, californica bag cells. In an effort to characterize further several of these peptides, peptides from multiple groups of cells of each species were extracted, and microbore liquid chromatography was used to separate and isolate them. Several MS-based sequencing approaches are applied to obtain the primary structures of bag cell peptides and ELH, Our studies reveal that alpha-BCPs are :100 % conserved across all species studied. In addition, the complete sequences of epsilon-BCP and ELH of A. vaccaria were determined. They show a high degree of homology to their counterparts in A, californica, with only a few amino acid residue substitutions. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, LJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, 600 S Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Sweedler, Jonathan/A-9405-2009; Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Sweedler, Jonathan/0000-0003-3107-9922; Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 31609] NR 53 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 202 IS 21 BP 2961 EP 2973 PG 13 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 260HM UT WOS:000083943500007 PM 10518477 ER PT J AU Apte, MG Cox, DD Hammond, SK Gundel, LA AF Apte, MG Cox, DD Hammond, SK Gundel, LA TI A new carbon monoxide occupational dosimeter: results from a worker exposure assessment survey SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exposure assessment; industrial hygiene; log-normal distribution; passive sampler; propane forklift; time-weighted average ID HEADACHE; AIR AB The LBNL/QGI occupational carbon monoxide (CO) dosimeter (LOCD), a new, inexpensive CO passive sampler, was field-validated in an occupational exposure assessment study in the Moscone Convention Center (MCC) in San Francisco, CA in January, 1997. The LOCD measures time-weighed-average (TWA) CO exposures from 10 to 800 parts per million hours (ppm h; accuracy +/-20%; precision 10 ppm h). This device represents a major improvement over currently available low-cost personal CO monitors. At the MCC, over 1000 workers set up and remove exhibitions. Forty propane-powered forklifts moved materials throughout the 42 000 m(2) of exhibit halls. Diesel truck emissions enter the building via three internal underground loading docks. The LOCD was used to measure 154 worker exposures on 3 days. Sampler performance was compared to a standard method at 15 fixed sites. The geometric mean (GM) of all 154 exposures was 7 ppm (geometric standard deviation (GSD) = 1.6); 10% of the exposures was 10 ppm or more. Dock Walkers and Forklift Operators had the highest exposures (maximum = 34 ppm) with GM (GSD) of 9 ( 1.7) and 9 ( 1.6) ppm, respectively. Attendants and Installer/Decorators had the lowest exposures with GMs of 6 (1.6) and 7 (1.4), respectively. The Cal/OSHA personal exposure limit for CO is 25 ppm time-weighted average (TWA). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Apte, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Indoor Environm Dept, MS 90-3058,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 9 IS 6 BP 546 EP 559 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500058 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 297VP UT WOS:000086103600002 PM 10638840 ER PT J AU Wang, JJ Gary, SP Liewer, PC AF Wang, JJ Gary, SP Liewer, PC TI Electromagnetic heavy-ion/proton instabilities SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-BEAM INSTABILITIES; SOLAR-WIND; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; DRIVEN; SPACE; WAVES AB Ion/ion instabilities are driven by the relative velocity v(o) of two distinct ion components. This manuscript reports linear theory and simulation studies of electromagnetic ion/ion instabilities for a warm proton component streaming against a cool, heavy ion component in a homogeneous, magnetized, collisionless plasma in which v(o) is parallel or antiparallel to the background magnetic field. Under these conditions linear Vlasov dispersion theory predicts that the fastest growing mode is usually the right-hand polarized proton resonant instability. Two-dimensional initial value hybrid simulations of this growing mode are carried out, yielding scaling relations for the maximum fluctuating magnetic field energy density and the proton pickup time. The latter is proportional to the inverse of the maximum growth rate for a wide range of plasma parameters. C1 Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wang, JJ (reprint author), Jet Prop Lab, Mail Stop 125-109, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A11 BP 24807 EP 24818 DI 10.1029/1999JA900333 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 250XC UT WOS:000083414700018 ER PT J AU Schindler, K Birn, J AF Schindler, K Birn, J TI Thin current sheets and magnetotail dynamics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUBSTORM GROWTH-PHASE; EARTH PLASMA SHEET; HYBRID-DRIFT INSTABILITY; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CONFIGURATIONS; TIME; RECONNECTION; CONVECTION; ONSET AB We investigate the formation of thin current sheets in Earth's magnetotail and the stability of the resulting plasma sheet structure. In the study of current sheet formation we concentrate on the mechanism based on a large gradient of the magnetic flux tube volume and derive a general expression for maximum current density using quasi-static magnetotail theory. That expression relates the amount of magnetic flux transferred to the magnetotail to the maximum current density in the near-Earth tail region. The analysis also includes the effects of varying solar wind plasma pressure and Mach number. The stability analysis addresses the resistive tearing mode, and how the presence of a thin current sheet changes the dispersion relation is investigated. For an infinitely extended double-structured sheet the tearing dispersion curve has a single peak, similar to the dispersion relation of a sheet with a single scale. A qualitative argument suggests that a thin current sheet of finite length might lead to a double-peaked dispersion curve. Several possible consequences of these results are discussed. C1 Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schindler, K (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Fak Phys & Astron, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A11 BP 25001 EP 25010 DI 10.1029/1999JA900258 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 250XC UT WOS:000083414700033 ER PT J AU Korth, H Thomsen, MF Borovsky, JE McComas, DJ AF Korth, H Thomsen, MF Borovsky, JE McComas, DJ TI Plasma sheet access to geosynchronous orbit SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOSPHERIC ELECTRIC-FIELDS; RING CURRENT DEVELOPMENT; MAGNETIC STORM; SPACECRAFT; PARTICLES; PHASE; IONS; BOUNDARIES; EVOLUTION; ANALYZER AB One year's worth of magnetospheric plasma analyzer data from three Los Alamos geosynchronous satellites are used for a statistical study of proton and electron fluxes at geosynchronous orbit and their dependence on local time (LT) and geomagnetic activity level as measured by Kp. When displayed as a function of LT and Kp, the fluxes exhibit distinct boundaries, which are shown to be consistent with a combination of a global pattern of particle drift through the magnetosphere and loss processes mainly due to charge exchange of the ions and auroral precipitation of the electrons. A Hamiltonian energy conservation approach combined with the (U, B, K) coordinate transformation introduced by Whipple [1978] is used to calculate the theoretical position of the separatrix between open and closed drift trajectories (Alfven layer) as a function of particle species, energy, local time, and geomagnetic activity level. The comparison of the theoretical boundaries with the observations confirms the predictions of plasma sheet access to the geosynchronous region. The analysis also provides independent statistical support for previously derived relationships between Kp and the strength of the global convection electric field. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Korth, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS-1,MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 48 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A11 BP 25047 EP 25061 DI 10.1029/1999JA900292 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 250XC UT WOS:000083414700037 ER PT J AU Matsui, H Mukai, T Ohtani, S Hayashi, K Elphic, RC Thomsen, MF Matsumoto, H AF Matsui, H Mukai, T Ohtani, S Hayashi, K Elphic, RC Thomsen, MF Matsumoto, H TI Cold dense plasma in the outer magnetosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL MAGNETOSPHERE; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; WAVE OBSERVATIONS; MODEL; SPACECRAFT; ANALYZER; DYNAMICS; FIELD; ION AB Cold dense plasma (CDP) with energies less than 32 eV in the outer magnetosphere, L similar to 10, is reported using data obtained by Geotail. We have found unexpectedly recurrent CDP in afternoon magnetic local times. CDP is often accompanied by westward flows, indicating that the regions with CDP are located outside the corotation region and the plasma is presumably convected toward the magnetopause. CDP is observed in the cases of both small and moderate geomagnetic activity. We have calculated the location of the stagnation point as a function of cross-tail potential by using a Volland-Stern-type [Volland, 1973; Stern, 1975] convection model. Stagnation point locations are variable even if the cross-tail potential or geomagnetic activity is small! which could lead to a high rate of the observation of plasmaspheric material at the Geotail orbit. However, part of the cold plasma is directly supplied by the ionosphere without passing through the plasmasphere. The number of supplied particles could be larger on the drift orbits close to the stagnation points. Finally, an average quantity of cold plasma, flowing through the Geotail orbit with quasi-stable westward convection is estimated to be 3.6 x 10(25) ions/s with a standard deviation of 3.7 x 10(25) ions/s, as compared to 9.4 - 14 x 10(25) ions/s for the polar wind toward the plasma sheet. C1 Kyoto Univ, Ctr Radio Atmospher Sci, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Matsui, H (reprint author), Japan Sci & Technol Corp, Tokyo, Japan. RI Ohtani, Shinichi/E-3914-2016 OI Ohtani, Shinichi/0000-0002-9565-6840 NR 33 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A11 BP 25077 EP 25095 DI 10.1029/1999JA900046 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 250XC UT WOS:000083414700039 ER PT J AU Garner, TW Wolf, RA Spiro, RW Thomsen, MF AF Garner, TW Wolf, RA Spiro, RW Thomsen, MF TI First attempt at assimilating data to constrain a magnetospheric model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; PLASMA ANALYZER AB We have developed a direct insertion scheme for assimilating observed electron fluxes into a large-scale model of the inner magnetosphere. This data assimilation scheme is being developed for the Integrated Space Weather Prediction Model, but a simpler test model is used for the initial tests. The test model is a particle drift code that allows locally inserted electron flux measurements to propagate east along electron drift paths. Fluxes of similar to 40 keV electrons measured by geosynchronous satellites are used to constrain model electron fluxes as the model steps along in time, while similar measurements from separate spacecraft are used to test the procedure's effectiveness. In testing this scheme, two periods are used, April 21-23, 1988 (with three spacecraft about 120 degrees apart in longitude), and March 28-April 4, 1996 (two spacecraft separated by 34 degrees). In these tests our data assimilation procedure modestly improved electron flux specification. The test results indicate that the data insertion scheme generally improved the electron flux specification within a region extending similar to 30 degrees longitude east of the data-supplying satellite. However, only for quiet conditions does this direct insertion procedure improve the electron flux specification when the spacecraft are similar to 120 degrees apart. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Garner, TW (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, POB 1892, Houston, TX 77251 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 104 IS A11 BP 25145 EP 25152 DI 10.1029/1999JA900274 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 250XC UT WOS:000083414700044 ER PT J AU Phuoc, TX Annamalai, K AF Phuoc, TX Annamalai, K TI A heat and mass transfer analysis of the ignition and extinction of solid char particles SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID COAL PARTICLES; COMBUSTION; CARBON AB We present work studies the ignition and extinction of a spherical solid fuel particle exposed to a quiescent, hot, oxygen-containing environment. Using particle sizes and ambient temperature and oxygen concentration as parameters, the ignition, burning, and extinction of particles were parametrically analyzed by studying the relative heat production and heat-loss rates. Far a given ambient condition, the results show ed that it is possible that bath large and small particles might not ignite at ail, When a particle burns, its size decreases with time and its combustion characteristics are altered The extinction condition may be reached due solely to the diminishing size of the particle. The particle extinction diameter was calculated. It strongly depends on the ambient condition and the reaction rate, bur nor on the initial particle size. C1 US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Phuoc, TX (reprint author), US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, POB 10904, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 1999 VL 121 IS 4 BP 886 EP 893 DI 10.1115/1.2826079 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 261HD UT WOS:000084003000015 ER PT J AU Bernardin, JD Mudawar, I AF Bernardin, JD Mudawar, I TI The Leidenfrost point: Experimental study and assessment of existing models SO JOURNAL OF HEAT TRANSFER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID BUBBLE NUCLEATION; SUPERHEAT LIMIT; TEMPERATURE; SURFACES; WATER; DROPLETS; CONTACT; FILM AB This study presents a detailed and thorough parametric study of the Leidenfrost point (LFP), which serves as the temperature boundary between the transition and film boiling regimes. Sessile drop evaporation experiments were conducted with acetone, benzene, FC-72, and water an heated aluminum surfaces with either polished particle blasted or rough sanded finishes to observe the influential effects of fluid properties, surface roughness, and surface contamination on the LFP, A weak relationship between surface energies and the LFP was observed by performing droplet evaporation experiments with water on polished copper, nickel, and silver surfaces. Additional parameters which were investigated and found to have negligible influence on the LFP included liquid subcooling, liquid degassing, surface roughness on the polished level, and the presence of polishing paste residues. The accumulated LFP data of this study was used to assess several existing models which attempt to identify the mechanisms which govern the LFP. The disagreement between the experimental LFP values and those predicted by the various models suggests that an accurate and robust theoretical model which effectively captures the LFP mechanisms is currently unavailable. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Boiling & 2 Phase Flow Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Bernardin, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 58 TC 120 Z9 120 U1 17 U2 65 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0022-1481 J9 J HEAT TRANS-T ASME JI J. Heat Transf.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 1999 VL 121 IS 4 BP 894 EP 903 DI 10.1115/1.2826080 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 261HD UT WOS:000084003000016 ER PT J AU Hollowood, TJ AF Hollowood, TJ TI Instantons, finite N=2 Sp(N) theories and the AdS/CFT correspondence SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE solitons monopoles and instantons; D-branes; brane dynamics in gauge theories; supersymmetry and duality ID PROBING F-THEORY; MULTIINSTANTON MEASURE; GAUGE-THEORIES; ORIENTIFOLDS; SUPERSYMMETRY; BRANES AB We examine ADHM multi-instantons in the conformal N = 2 supersymmetric Sp(N) gauge theory with one anti-symmetric tensor and four fundamental hypermultiplets. We argue that the ADHM construction and measure can also be deduced from purely field theoretic considerations and also from the dynamics of D-instantons in the presence of D3-branes, D7-branes and an orientifold O7-plane. The measure then admits a large-N saddle-point approximation where the D3-branes disappear but the background is changed to AdS(5) x S-5/Z(2), as expected on the basis of the AdS/CFT correspondence. The large-N measure displays the fractionation of D-instantons at the singularity S-3 subset of S-5/Z(2) and is described for instanton number k by a certain O(k) matrix model. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Coll Swansea, Dept Phys, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. RP Hollowood, TJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T8, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM pyth@skye.lanl.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 IS 11 AR 012 PG 18 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 291UT UT WOS:000085756800012 ER PT J AU March-Russell, J Riotto, A Murayama, H AF March-Russell, J Riotto, A Murayama, H TI The small observed baryon asymmetry from a large lepton asymmetry SO JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE cosmology of theories beyond the SM; baryogenesis; physics of the early universe ID BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; NUMBER NON-CONSERVATION; HADRONIC AXION WINDOW; NEUTRINO OSCILLATIONS; EARLY UNIVERSE; PRIMORDIAL NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; DEUTERIUM ABUNDANCE; COSMOLOGICAL BARYON; ELECTROWEAK THEORY; STERILE NEUTRINOS AB Primordial Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) tightly constrains the existence of any additional relativistic degrees of freedom at that epoch. However a large asymmetry in electron neutrino number shifts the chemical equilibrium between the neutron and proton at neutron freeze-out and allows such additional particle species. Moreover, the BBN itself may also prefer such an asymmetry to reconcile predicted element abundances and observations. However, such a large asymmetry appears to be in conflict with the observed small baryon asymmetry if they are in sphaleron mediated equilibrium. In this paper we point out the surprising fact that in the Standard Model, if the asymmetries in the electron number and the muon number are equal (and opposite) and of the size preferred to improve the agreement between BBN theory with observations, a baryon asymmetry of the Universe of the correct magnitude and sign is automatically generated within a factor of two. This small remaining discrepancy is naturally remedied in the supersymmetric Standard Model. C1 CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Aspen Ctr Phys, Aspen, CO 81611 USA. Univ Washington, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP March-Russell, J (reprint author), CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. EM jmr@ias.edu; Antonio.Riotto@cern.ch; murayama@lbl.gov RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 89 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1029-8479 J9 J HIGH ENERGY PHYS JI J. High Energy Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 IS 11 AR 015 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 291UT UT WOS:000085756800015 ER PT J AU Dischino, DD Meanwell, NA Morimoto, H Pearce, BC Than, C Torri, AF Williams, PG Yu, KL AF Dischino, DD Meanwell, NA Morimoto, H Pearce, BC Than, C Torri, AF Williams, PG Yu, KL TI Stereoselective reduction via lithium borotritide: Synthesis of H-3-labeled 2-hydroxy-N-[(5-hydroxy-[5-H-3]-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexyl)methyl]-5-meth ylbenzamide SO JOURNAL OF LABELLED COMPOUNDS & RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS LA English DT Article DE stereoselective reduction; LiBT4; influenza ID METAL BOROHYDRIDES; INFLUENZA AB H-3-labeled 2-hydroxy-N-[(5-hydroxy-[5-H-3]-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexyl)methyl]-5-methylbenzamide, 1, was prepared in one step by the reduction of the corresponding ketone with high specific activity LiBT4. The reduction was stereoselective yielding the desired cis alcohol in a ratio of >20:1. Purification of the compound was achieved on normal-phase HPLC. The radiochemical purity of the final product was greater than 99.5% and the specific activity was 29 Ci/mmol. C1 Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Richard L Gelb Ctr Res & Dev, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Tritium Labelling Facil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Struct Biol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dischino, DD (reprint author), Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Richard L Gelb Ctr Res & Dev, 5 Res Pkwy, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0362-4803 J9 J LABELLED COMPD RAD JI J. Label. Compd. Radiopharm. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 42 IS 11 BP 1061 EP 1068 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1344(199911)42:11<1061::AID-JLCR261>3.0.CO;2-N PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 251GG UT WOS:000083435800005 ER PT J AU Lin, SY Fleming, JG AF Lin, SY Fleming, JG TI A three-dimensional optical photonic crystal SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Electromagnetic Crystal Structures CY JAN 04-06, 1999 CL LAGUNA BEACH, CALIFORNIA DE photonic bandgap (PBG); photonic crystal; silicon photonics ID SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; PERIODIC STRUCTURES; GAP AB We report on the successful fabrication of a working three-dimensional (3-D) crystal operating at optical wavelength lambda. The minimum feature size of the 3-D structure is 180 nm. The 3-D crystal is free from defects over the entire 6-inch silicon wafer and has an absolute photonic bandgap (PBG) centered at lambda similar to 1.6 mu m. Our data pro,ides the first conclusive evidence for the existence of a complete 3-D PEG in optical lambda. This development will pave the way to tinier, cheaper, more effective waveguides, optical switches and lasers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lin, SY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1944 EP 1947 DI 10.1109/50.802977 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 255NB UT WOS:000083675100003 ER PT J AU Subramania, G Constant, K Biswas, R Sigalas, MM Ho, KM AF Subramania, G Constant, K Biswas, R Sigalas, MM Ho, KM TI Optical photonic crystals synthesized from colloidal systems of polystyrene spheres and nanocrystalline titania SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Electromagnetic Crystal Structures CY JAN 04-06, 1999 CL LAGUNA BEACH, CA DE colloidal crystals; photonic bandgap (PBG) ID SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; BAND-STRUCTURE AB We have developed a novel ceramic processing technique to fabricate photonic crystals (PC's) with close-packed lattices of air pores in a dielectric background. The ordering of colloidal spheres and incorporation of the titania is performed simultaneously, in contrast to other approaches. Excellent ordering of the lattice of air pores is achieved over domains extending over 100 mu. The PC's exhibit a uniform color and a corresponding sharp peak in the reflectivity at the wavelength of the first stopband. The position of the reflectivity peak scales very well with the size of the air pores, providing strong evidence for photonic crystal effects. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Microelect Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, USDOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Subramania, G (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Constant, Kristen/C-3673-2014 OI Constant, Kristen/0000-0001-7138-9365 NR 23 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1970 EP 1974 DI 10.1109/50.802982 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 255NB UT WOS:000083675100007 ER PT J AU El-Kady, I Sigalas, MM Biswas, R Ho, KM AF El-Kady, I Sigalas, MM Biswas, R Ho, KM TI Dielectric waveguides in two-dimensional photonic bandgap materials SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Electromagnetic Crystal Structures CY JAN 04-06, 1999 CL LAGUNA BEACH, CALIFORNIA DE photonic bandgap (PBG); waveguides ID CRYSTAL AB We investigate the performance and guiding properties of waveguides fabricated in a finite two-dimensional (2-D) photonic bandgap (PBG) structure. Confinement in the direction perpendicular to the plane of periodicity is achieved by fabricating the 2-D PEG structure in a high dielectric layer enclosed by two lower dielectric layers. Simulations using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method are performed to investigate the energy transport in such waveguides. Good qualitative agreement is found with the experimental observations. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Microelect Res, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP El-Kady, I (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI El-Kady, Ihab/D-2886-2013 OI El-Kady, Ihab/0000-0001-7417-9814 NR 14 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2042 EP 2049 DI 10.1109/50.802993 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 255NB UT WOS:000083675100018 ER PT J AU Fthenakis, VM AF Fthenakis, VM TI HGSYSTEM: a review, critique, and comparison with other models SO JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES LA English DT Software Review DE heavy gas; modeling; HF modeling AB HGSYSTEM is a package of computer models for modeling release and atmospheric dispersion of hazardous substances, which has capabilities that may not be found together elsewhere (e.g., hydrogen fluoride/air/water thermodynamics, aerosol release, release and dispersion of mixtures, multi-component evaporation, downward vertical jets, plume lift-off, deposition, and street-canyon). There are, however, some shortcomings in its spill models and in the transition from a spill to a dispersion model. The model's strong and weak points and limited comparisons with ALOHA and DEGADIS are discussed herein. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Waste Technol Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Fthenakis, VM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Waste Technol Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-4230 J9 J LOSS PREVENT PROC JI J. Loss Prev. Process Ind. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 12 IS 6 BP 525 EP 531 DI 10.1016/S0950-4230(99)00029-7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 251KT UT WOS:000083445400009 ER PT J AU Emery, VJ Kivelson, SA AF Emery, VJ Kivelson, SA TI Electronic structure of doped insulators and high temperature superconductivity SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Physics and Chemistry of Molecular and Oxide Superconductors (MOS-99) CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1999 CL ROYAL INST TECHNOL, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Royal Inst Technol, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Swedish Nat Sci, Engn Sci Res Councils, SAS, Gran Gustafsson Fdn, City of Stockholm HO ROYAL INST TECHNOL ID T-J MODEL; MUON SPIN ROTATION; PHASE-SEPARATION; NORMAL-STATE; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; C SUPERCONDUCTORS; GAP ANISOTROPY; FERMI-SURFACE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; LA2-XSRXCUO4 AB The Fermi liquid theory of the normal state and the BCS-Eliashberg theory of the superconducting state were designed for good metals not for doped antiferromagnetic insulators, such as the high temperature superconductors. Consequently, it is necessary to understand the electronic structure of the doped insulator and to develop a new mechanism and many-body theory of superconductivity for these materials. It will be argued that, since the motion of a single hole in an antiferromagnet is frustrated, the driving force for the physics of a finite concentration of doped holes is the need to reduce their zero-point kinetic energy. This proceeds in. three steps that are reflected in a sequence of crossovers and phase transitions. First of all, the system forms a charge-inhomogeneous state - an electronic liquid crystal phase, involving an array of metallic stripes, which lowers the kinetic energy along a stripe. lit the direction perpendicular to the stripes, the kinetic energy is lowered by pair hopping, which proceeds in two steps. Local pair hopping induces spin. pairing and then, cat a lower temperature, pair hopping from stripe to stripe produces superconducting phase coherence. Some of the experimental support for the various aspects of this model will be described. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Emery, VJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 65 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 117 IS 3-4 BP 189 EP 198 DI 10.1023/A:1022512004119 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 267RW UT WOS:000084373900003 ER PT J AU Bill, A Morawitz, H Kresin, VZ AF Bill, A Morawitz, H Kresin, VZ TI Acoustic plasmons in layered systems and the phonon-plasmon mechanism of superconductivity SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Physics and Chemistry of Molecular and Oxide Superconductors (MOS-99) CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1999 CL ROYAL INST TECHNOL, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Royal Inst Technol, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Swedish Nat Sci, Engn Sci Res Councils, SAS, Gran Gustafsson Fdn, City of Stockholm HO ROYAL INST TECHNOL ID ELECTRON-GAS; TEMPERATURE AB We address the question whether or not acoustic collective modes contribute to superconductivity in a layered electron, gas. We calculate T-c within the strong-coupling phonon-plasmon scheme. The plasmon pairing kernel is calculated explicitly. We demonstrate that plasmons may contribute constructively to superconductivity. The result shows that one can interpret the effect of low-energy collective modes in terms of an effective negative mu*. C1 Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bill, A (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 117 IS 3-4 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1023/A:1022592827318 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 267RW UT WOS:000084373900018 ER PT J AU Mesot, J Norman, MR Ding, H Randeria, M Campuzano, JC Paramekanti, A Fretwell, HM Kaminski, A Takeuchi, T Yokoya, T Sato, T Takahashi, T Mochiku, T Kadowaki, K AF Mesot, J Norman, MR Ding, H Randeria, M Campuzano, JC Paramekanti, A Fretwell, HM Kaminski, A Takeuchi, T Yokoya, T Sato, T Takahashi, T Mochiku, T Kadowaki, K TI BSCCO superconductors: Hole-like Fermi surface and doping dependence of the gap function SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Physics and Chemistry of Molecular and Oxide Superconductors (MOS-99) CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1999 CL ROYAL INST TECHNOL, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Royal Inst Technol, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Swedish Nat Sci, Engn Sci Res Councils, SAS, Gran Gustafsson Fdn, City of Stockholm HO ROYAL INST TECHNOL ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; STATE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA AB We use the gradient of the energy-integrated angle resolved photoemission. (ARPES) intensity in order to define precisely the Fermi surface (FS) in BSCCO superconductors. We show that, independent of the photon energy, the FS is a hole barrel centered at (pi, pi). Then, the superconducting gap along the FS is precisely determined from ARPES measurements on overdoped and underdoped samples of Bi2212. As the doping decreases, the maximum gap increases, but the slope of the gap near the nodes decreases. Though consistent with d-wave symmetry, the gap with underdoping cannot be fit by the simple cos(k(x)) - cos(k(y)) form. A comparison of our ARPES results with available penetration depth data indicates that the renormalization of the linear T suppression of the superfluid density at low temperatures due to quasiparticle excitations around the d-wave nodes is large and doping dependent. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Mumbai 400005, India. Nagoya Univ, Dept Crys Mat Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 46401, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Natl Res Inst Met, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Mesot, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Sato, Takafumi/E-5094-2010; Tohoku, Arpes/A-4890-2010; Takahashi, Takashi/E-5080-2010; Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013; YOKOYA, Takayoshi/B-1478-2011; OI Ding, Hong/0000-0003-4422-9248 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 117 IS 3-4 BP 365 EP 369 DI 10.1023/A:1022569616840 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 267RW UT WOS:000084373900031 ER PT J AU Klemm, RA Bille, A Rieck, CT Scharnberg, K Arnold, G AF Klemm, RA Bille, A Rieck, CT Scharnberg, K Arnold, G TI Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta c-axis twist Josephson junctions: A new phase-sensitive test of order parameter symmetry SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Physics and Chemistry of Molecular and Oxide Superconductors (MOS-99) CY JUL 28-AUG 02, 1999 CL ROYAL INST TECHNOL, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Royal Inst Technol, Royal Swedish Acad Sci, Swedish Nat Sci, Engn Sci Res Councils, SAS, Gran Gustafsson Fdn, City of Stockholm HO ROYAL INST TECHNOL ID SUPERCONDUCTORS AB Li et al. found that the critical current density J(c)(J) across atomically clean c-axis twist junctions of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta is the same as that of the constituent single crystal, J(c)(S), independent of the twist angle phi(o), even. at and below T-c. We investigated theoretically if a d(x)2(-y)2-wave order parameter might twist by mixing in d(xy)-wave components, but found that such mixing cannot possibly explain the data near to T-c. Combined with group theoretical arguments, we then conclude that the order parameter contains at feast a substantial s-wave component, but does not contain any purported d(x)2(-y)2-wave component, except possibly below a second, unobserved phase transition. By studying tunneling models, we further conclude that the intrinsic c-axis Josephson tunneling in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta is likely to be mostly incoherent. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Hamburg, Fachbereich Phys, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Klemm, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 117 IS 3-4 BP 509 EP 513 DI 10.1023/A:1022519127743 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 267RW UT WOS:000084373900055 ER PT J AU Liu, GK Li, ST Beitz, JV AF Liu, GK Li, ST Beitz, JV TI Laser excitation-induced structure distortion and persistent spectral hole burning of Eu3+ in BaFCl SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Dynamical Proceesses in Excited States of Solids (DPC 99) CY MAY 23-27, 1999 CL HUMACAO, PUERTO RICO SP Puerto Rico ESPCoR Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Univ Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Spectra Phys Lasers Inc, Elsevier Sci DE selective excitation; spectral hole burning; Eu3+ site distortion ID RELAXATION PROCESSES; SILICATE-GLASSES; TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSION; COMPUTER; IONS AB Persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) has been demonstrated in the inhomogeneously broadened (7)Fo --> D-5(0) transition of Eu-3 (+) ions in crystals of BaFCl at temperatures below 77 K. It was shown that the observed PSHB effect was due to laser excitation-induced site conversion. In the lattice of BaFCl, multiple Eu3 + sites formed due to charge imbalance and the presence of defects. Eu3 + population at one site could be depleted and converted to another site. This process was not optically reversible and holes were erased only when temperature was increased to 150 K. Persistent holes burned at 3 K had an average width of 500 MHz while hyperfine transient holes burned at the same temperature were only 25 MHz wide. Although cycling of sample temperature did not affect the shape of the persistent hole, hole width and peak position were quadratic functions of temperature. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, GK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 83-4 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.1016/S0022-2313(99)00123-4 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 259VJ UT WOS:000083914400061 ER PT J AU Liu, H Li, ST Liu, GK Jia, W Fernandez, FE AF Liu, H Li, ST Liu, GK Jia, W Fernandez, FE TI Optical properties of undoped and Eu3+-doped SBN thin film grown by pulsed laser deposition SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Dynamical Proceesses in Excited States of Solids (DPC 99) CY MAY 23-27, 1999 CL HUMACAO, PUERTO RICO SP Puerto Rico ESPCoR Off, Natl Sci Fdn, Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Univ Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Spectra Phys Lasers Inc, Elsevier Sci DE SBN; thin films; Eu3+; optical properties ID KTA1-XNBXO3 CRYSTALS AB SBN (SrxBa1-xNb2O6) thin films were successfully grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and characterized as to their microstructure, and both linear and nonlinear optical properties. High-resolution spectroscopic measurements in both time domain and frequency domain were conducted for the first time in this material. For pure SBN thin film without doping, a broad-band UV emission extending to the visible was observed. It is attributed to the exciton luminescence of the SBN film host. High-resolution nonlinear optical response in picosecond region as well as the third-order susceptibility were characterized by degenerative four-wave-mixing (DFWM) measurements. A considerable enhancement of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility chi((3)) was recorded. For SBN thin films doped with Eu3 +, high-resolution spectroscopic measurements in frequency domain were conducted at low temperature. The fine structure of the D-5(0)-F-7 multiplet emission was obtained. It is suggested that Eu-3 (+) ions may substitute Nb, occupying 6-fold sites. The line width measurement shows that the D-5(0)-F-7(0) transition is inhomogeneously broadened, and can be drastically suppressed by annealing treatment of the thin films obtained. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, H (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Phys, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. OI Fernandez, Felix/0000-0002-0710-6751 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 83-4 BP 367 EP 371 DI 10.1016/S0022-2313(99)00127-1 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 259VJ UT WOS:000083914400065 ER PT J AU Cho, H AF Cho, H TI Off-resonance multiple-pulse dynamics in solid-state NMR spectroscopy: A revised coherent averaging theory analysis SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE coherent averaging theory; homonuclear decoupling; multiple-pulse dynamics; solid-state NMR ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HIGH-ORDER; RESOLUTION; CYCLE; FIELD AB The standard coherent averaging theory treatment of the resonance offset interaction is compared to exact calculations for multiple-pulse solid-state NMR experiments, Significant differences between coherent averaging approximations and exact results are revealed, even for idealized conditions. A revision of the standard analysis is proposed as a way of improving the description of the off-resonance dynamics in these experiments. We use the insights obtained from this investigation to derive a qualitatively new type of homonuclear decoupling sequence, and evaluate the performance and advantages of this sequence with both simulations and experimental tests, (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab MS K8 98, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Cho, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab MS K8 98, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1090-7807 J9 J MAGN RESON JI J. Magn. Reson. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 141 IS 1 BP 164 EP 179 DI 10.1006/jmre.1999.1859 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 254XH UT WOS:000083639100018 ER PT J AU Delaney, DW Lograsso, TA AF Delaney, DW Lograsso, TA TI Magnetostriction of growth textured Tb-Zn alloys SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE magnetostriction; magnetoelasticity; alloys; textured microstructures AB The magnetostrictive performance of aligned microstructural composites of Tb-Zn alloys were experimentally tested at 77 K under compressive loads ranging from approximately 0-50 MPa and applied magnetic field up to 2000 Oe. Tb-8a/oZn, Tb-42a/oZn and the eutectic composition of Tb-27.8a/oZn were all directionally solidified to prepare aligned, textured microstructures. The eutectic sample grew with lamellar plates with the magnetically hard axes for each phase parallel with the rod axis and exhibited a strain of less than 100 ppm. The Tb-42a/oZn alloy solidified with TbZn dendrites in the magnetically hard [111] direction and exhibited a strain of 375 ppm. The Tb-8a/oZn alloy solidified pure Tb dendrites in the magnetically easy direction, the b-axis, yet it only displayed a 350-ppm magnetostriction at a maximum field of 2000 Oe due to the high anisotropy of the Tb dendrites. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Motorola Inc, Semicond Prod Sector, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Lograsso, TA (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 205 IS 2-3 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00479-5 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 243BN UT WOS:000082977400024 ER PT J AU Gibson, JK AF Gibson, JK TI Gas-phase transuranium chemistry: Reactions of actinide ions with alcohols and thiols SO JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE actinide ions; alcohols; thiols; ethers; laser ablation; prompt reaction and detection ID TRANSITION-METAL IONS; OXIDE CLUSTER IONS; ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY; ALKOXIDE CHEMISTRY; URANIUM THIOLATE; CYCLIC HYDROCARBONS; LASER-ABLATION; X-RAY; REACTIVITY; COMPLEXES AB The laser ablation with prompt reaction and detection method was employed to provide a survey of same gasphase reactions of actinide (M = U, Np, Pu and Am) and lanthanide (hl = Tb and Tm) ions, M+ and MO1,2+, with alcohols, thiols and ethers. Particular attention was given the changing behavior in progressing across the actinide series beyond uranium. With alcohols, ROH, major products included hydroxides and alkoxides, M(OH)(1,2)(+), M(OR)(1,2)(+), MO(OH)(+) and MO(OR)(+); these products are presumed to have resulted from RO-H and R-OH bond cleavage by ablated M+ and MO+. The abundance distributions for these elementary products reflected the decrease in stabilities of high oxidation states between U and Am. Other alcohol reaction products included electrostatically bonded adducts, such as HO-Np+... C3H7OH, sigma-bonded organometallics, such as HO-Pu+-C2H5, and pi-bonded organometallics, such as Np+-eta(3)-{C3H5}. In view of the inability of actinide and lanthanide ions to dehydrogenate alkanes, the exhibition of dehydrogenation of the alkyl chain of alcohols, as in HO-Pu+-C3H5O from propanol, suggests a non-insertion mechanism involving complexation of the reactant ion to the alcohol. Whereas O abstraction products from ROH were obfuscated by directly ablated MO1,2+, S abstraction from thiols, RSH, was manifested by the appearance of MS+, MS2+ and MOS+. In analogy with OH abstraction from alcohols to produce metal hydroxides, SH abstraction from thiols resulted in hydrosulfides, including Am(SH)(+) and Np(SH)(2)(+). In addition to several other reaction pathways with the thiol reagents, products presumed to be thiolates included Am(C3H7S)(+) and NpO(C3H7S) from propanethiol. A primary product of reaction with dimethyl ether were methoxides resulting from C-O bond cleavage, including Am(OCH3)(+) and Np(OCH3)(2)(+). With methyl vinyl ether, more complex pathways were exhibited, most of which corresponded to the elimination of stable organic molecules. An ancillary result was the discovery of several small oxide clusters, Am2On+, Np2On+ and AmNpOn+. The compositions and abundance distributions of these clusters reflected the propensity of Np to exist in higher oxidation states than Am; the dominant binary clusters were Am2O2+ and Np2O3+. Copyright (C) 1999 John whey & Sons, Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gibson, JK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 61 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 18 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1076-5174 J9 J MASS SPECTROM JI J. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 34 IS 11 BP 1166 EP 1177 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(199911)34:11<1166::AID-JMS876>3.3.CO;2-Q PG 12 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Organic; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 258WE UT WOS:000083862000005 PM 10548810 ER PT J AU Falkenstein, Z Walter, KC Nastasi, MA Rej, DJ Gavrilov, NV AF Falkenstein, Z Walter, KC Nastasi, MA Rej, DJ Gavrilov, NV TI Surface modification of aluminum and chromium by ion implantation of nitrogen with a high current density ion implanter and plasma-source ion implantation SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HOLLOW-CATHODE; GAS IONS; BEAMS AB Results of ion implantation of nitrogen into electrodeposited hard chromium and pure aluminum by a high-dose ion-beam source are presented and compared to plasma-source ion implantation. The large-area, high current density ion-beam source can be characterized, with respect to surface modification use, by a uniform emitted dose rate in the range of 10(16) to 5 x 10(17) N cm(-2) min(-1) over an area of <100 cm(2) and with acceleration energies of 10-50 keV. The implantation range and retained dose (measured using ion-beam analysis), the surface hardness, coefficient of friction, and the change in the wear coefficient (measured by nanohardness indentation and pin-on-disk wear testing) that were obtained with an applied dose rate of similar to 1.7 x 10(17) N cm(-2) min(-1) at 25 kV are given, and they are compared to results obtained with plasma-source ion implantation. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Ural Div, Inst Electrophys, Yekaterinburg 620049, Russia. RP Falkenstein, Z (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Gavrilov, Nikolai/0000-0003-1542-0107 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 14 IS 11 BP 4351 EP 4357 DI 10.1557/JMR.1999.0589 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 257FC UT WOS:000083771000034 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Kim, DJ Lee, KM Park, M Kingon, AI Nemanich, RJ Im, J Streiffer, SK AF Kim, SH Kim, DJ Lee, KM Park, M Kingon, AI Nemanich, RJ Im, J Streiffer, SK TI An optimized process for fabrication of SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films using a novel chemical solution deposition technique SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CAPACITORS; ELECTRODES AB Ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) thin films on Pt/ZrO2/SiO2/Si were successfully prepared by using an alkanolamine-modified chemical solution deposition method. It was observed that alkanolamine provided stability to the SET solution by retarding the hydrolysis and condensation rates. The crystallinity and the microstructure of the SET thin films improved with increasing annealing temperature and were strongly correlated with the ferroelectric properties of the SET thin films. The films annealed at 800 degrees C exhibited low leakage current density, low voltage saturation, high remanent polarization, and good fatigue characteristics at least up to 10(10) switching cycles, indicating favorable behavior for memory applications. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Box 7907, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI KIM, DONG-JOO/C-2277-2008; Streiffer, Stephen/A-1756-2009 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 14 IS 11 BP 4395 EP 4401 DI 10.1557/JMR.1999.0594 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 257FC UT WOS:000083771000039 ER PT J AU Knowles, KM Turan, S Kumar, A Chen, SJ Clegg, WJ AF Knowles, KM Turan, S Kumar, A Chen, SJ Clegg, WJ TI Transmission electron microscopy of interfaces in structural ceramic composites SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Microscopy of Composite Materials IV Meeting CY APR 07-09, 1998 CL ROYAL AGR COLL, CIRENCESTER, ENGLAND SP Oxford ctr Adv Mat & Composites, Royal Microscop Soc HO ROYAL AGR COLL DE ceramics; chemical analysis; composites; fibres; interfaces; laminates; particles; transmission electron microscopy ID REINFORCED MAGNESIUM ALUMINOSILICATES; MICROSTRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; SILICON-CARBIDE COMPOSITES; BORON-NITRIDE; MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR; GLASS; OXIDATION; NANOCOMPOSITES; FABRICATION AB Ceramic composites based either on a particulate, fibre or a lamellar architecture are potentially useful as damage-tolerant high-temperature engineering materials. The ability of the interfaces in such systems to deflect cracks is vital to the damage tolerance of these materials. Transmission electron microscopy techniques enable the chemical and physical characterization of these interfaces, providing information on interlayer thicknesses, chemical species, local bonding and the microstructural features which give rise to the interfacial properties, thereby enabling a full understanding not only of composites after processing, but also after exposure to aggressive environments such as air at high temperature. Examples of the application of transmission electron microscopy to all three composite architectures are described. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. Anadolu Univ, Iki Eylul Kampusu, Seramik Muhendisligi Bolumu, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey. IBM Corp, Storage Syst Div, San Jose, CA 95193 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Knowles, KM (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 196 BP 194 EP 202 PN 2 PG 9 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 253BQ UT WOS:000083537100012 ER PT J AU Chiu, SW Lau, KC Li, WK Ma, NL Cheung, YS Ng, CY AF Chiu, SW Lau, KC Li, WK Ma, NL Cheung, YS Ng, CY TI A Gaussian-2 ab initio study of [C2H5S](+) ions: III. H-2 and CH4 eliminations from CH3CHSH+ and CH3SCH2+ SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE Gaussian-2 theory; [C2H5S](+) ions; H-2 elimination; CH4 elimination; [C2H3S](+) ions; unimolecular dissociation ID KINETIC-ENERGY SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE; NEUTRAL COMPLEXES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; C2H3S+ IONS; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITIONS; PERTURBATION-THEORY; MOLECULE REACTIONS; DISSOCIATION; IONIZATION AB Gaussian-2 ab initio calculations were performed to examine the six modes of unimolecular dissociation of cis-CH3CHSH+ (1(+)), trans-CH3CHSH+ (2(+)), and CH3SCH2+ (3(+)): 1+ --> CH3+ + trans-HCSH (1); 1+ --> CH3 + trans-HCSH+ (2); 1+ --> CH4 + HCS+ (3); 1(+) --> H-2 + c-CH2CHS+ (4); 2(+) --> H-2 + CH3CS+ (5); and 3(+) --> H-2 + c-CH2CHS+ (6). Reactions (1) and (2) have endothermicities of 584 and 496 kJ mol(-1), respectively. Loss of CH4 from 1(+) (reaction (3)) proceeds through proton transfer from the S atom to the methyl group, followed by cleavage of the C-C bond. The reaction pathway has an energy barrier of 292 kJ mol(-1) and a transition state with a wide spectrum of nonclassical structures. Reaction (4) has a critical energy of 296 kJ mol(-1) and it also proceeds through the same proton transfer step as reaction (3), followed by elimination of H-2. Formation of CH3CS+ from 2(+) (reaction (5)) by loss of H-2 proceeds through protonation of the methine (CalphaH) group, followed by dissociation of the H-2 moiety. Its energy barrier is 276 kJ mol(-1). On both the MP2/6-31G* and QCISD/6-31G* potential-energy surfaces, the H-2 1,1-elimination from 3(+) (reaction (6)) proceeds via a nonclassical intermediate resembling c-CH3SCH2+ and has a critical energy of 269 kJ mol(-1). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mol & Integrat Physiol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Chem, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem, Singapore 119260, Singapore. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chiu, SW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. OI LAU, Kai Chung /0000-0003-2125-6841 NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 490 BP 109 EP 124 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 249EZ UT WOS:000083321100011 ER PT J AU Magruder, RH Weeks, RA Weller, RA Zuhr, RA Hensley, DK AF Magruder, RH Weeks, RA Weller, RA Zuhr, RA Hensley, DK TI Oxygen related defect center formation in MeV energy boron implanted silica SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Advances in Photonic Glasses CY SEP 20-23, 1998 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP kwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Ultra Fast Fiber Optic Networks Res Ctr ID ARF EXCIMER-LASER; ION-IMPLANTATION; FUSED-SILICA; WAVE-GUIDES; OPTICAL FIBERS; INDEX CHANGES; HEAVY-ION; SIO2; PHOTOSENSITIVITY; GLASSES AB Silica samples were implanted with 1.6 and 4 MeV B2+ at nominal doses ranging from 0.5 to 5.0x10(15) ions/cm(2). Sample temperatures during implantation were either 100, 300 or 673 K. Optical absorption was measured from 2.7 to 6.5 eV and in all spectra two maxima were resolved at 5.0 and 5.8 eV. Based on the literature we assumed bands at 4.8, 5.01, 5.17, 5.88, and 7.15 eV comprised the observed spectra. Assuming that the shapes of these bands were Gaussian functions, the data was fitted by allowing the maximum amplitude to be a free parameter. The fit between 2.5 and 5.5 eV was within +/-3%. At larger energies the fit was worse. Assuming that there was a band at 6.35 eV reduced the difference between the fit and the data to <+/-2% from 2.5 to 6.5 eV. The same accuracy of fit was achieved with all spectra, irrespective of energies, doses or sample temperatures. Each of the bands had a different dependence on dose, on energy, and on sample temperature. A band at 5.5 eV which has been observed in the spectra of some silicas when irradiated and photons of differing energies was not required for the fitting. This band is absent from the spectra of as implanted B samples. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Belmont Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Appl & Engn Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Magruder, RH (reprint author), Belmont Univ, Dept Phys, 1900 Belmont Blvd, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RI Hensley, Dale/A-6282-2016 OI Hensley, Dale/0000-0001-8763-7765 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV PY 1999 VL 259 BP 73 EP 80 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00498-6 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 257MJ UT WOS:000083785400013 ER PT J AU Griscom, DL Merzbacher, CI Weeks, RA Zuhr, RA AF Griscom, DL Merzbacher, CI Weeks, RA Zuhr, RA TI Electron spin resonance studies of defect centers induced in a high-level nuclear waste glass simulant by gamma-irradiation and ion-implantation SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID PARAMAGNETIC DEFECTS; HIGH-PURITY; SPECTROSCOPY; A-SIO2 AB Samples of an iron-free soda-lime boro-aluminosilicate high-level nuclear waste (HLW) glass simulant were implantated with 160-keV protons or He+ ions or irradiated by Co-60 gamma-rays. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra were recorded before and after implantation or irradiation and after postirradiation isochronal anneals to 550 degrees C. The most numerous paramagnetic states in the unannealed samples following gamma-irradiation were boron-oxygen hole centers and Ti3+ trapped-electron centers, The most numerous paramagnetic states in the as-implanted samples were peroxy radicals (PORs), Annealing of the gamma-irradiated samples at temperatures >300 degrees C caused recombination of the trapped electrons and holes, revealing an underlying POR spectrum which annealed in stages at similar to 400 degrees C and 550 degrees C, similar to the annealing of PORs in the He+-implanted sample. For equivalent depositions of ionizing energy, the initial FOR concentration in the He+-implanted sample was similar to 100 times that in the gamma-irradiated sample and at least 10 times larger than the (unmeasurable) number of PORs in the proton-implanted sample. Since TRIM calculations indicate that 160-keV protons deliver twice the ionizing dose of He+ ions of the same energy but displace only 1/10 as many atoms, it is evident that the PORs induced by He+ implantation result from displacements of oxygens in elastic collision cascades. The absence of trapped electrons and holes in the implanted samples is ascribed to annealing during irradiation associated with the fraction of the implantation energy deposited as heat. One of the fundamental defects to be expected in HLW glasses containing alpha-particle emitters is therefore the FOR. Several distinct families of radiation-induced PORs are unambiguously identified in our samples by computer line-shape simulations constrained by the Kanzig-Cohen g-value formulae. Possible reasons for the non-observation of PORs in similarly-irradiated glasses containing several wt% Fe2O3 are proposed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Griscom, DL (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Opt Sci, Code 5675,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 51 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV PY 1999 VL 258 IS 1-3 BP 34 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00557-8 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 251ZA UT WOS:000083475200005 ER PT J AU Suzuya, K Loong, CK Price, DL Sales, BC Boatner, LA AF Suzuya, K Loong, CK Price, DL Sales, BC Boatner, LA TI The structure of lead-indium phosphate and lead-scandium phosphate glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SHORT-RANGE ORDER; CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS; METAPHOSPHATE GLASSES; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; VITREOUS P2O5; IRON; SCATTERING; SYSTEM AB Lead-indium phosphate and lead-scandium phosphate glasses exhibit a number of useful properties Such as the efficient transmission of visible light, a high index of refraction, a low preparation temperature and low melt viscosity, and good chemical durability. The short-range and intermediate-range order structures of (PbO)(56.3)(In3O2)(4.2)(P2O5)(39.5) and a (PbO)(54.2)(Sc3O2)(3.6)(P2O5)(42.2) glass were studied by time-of-flight neutron diffraction. From analyses of the measured structure factors of these glasses and those of a pure P2O5 glass and a (PbO)(58.8)(P2O3)(41.2) glass, both the breakdown of the P2O5 network: structure to short PO4-chain-like units by the addition of metal oxides and the local environment of the dopant In and Sc ions were characterized. The In-O and Sc-O distance (2.1 Angstrom) is shorter than that of Pb-O (2.52 Angstrom) and the coordination number for Sc-O (6.1) and In-O (5.5) is slightly higher than that of Pb-O (5.3).(C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Sayo, Hyogo 6795143, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Loong, CK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave,Bldg 360, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ckloong@anl.gov RI Price, David Long/A-8468-2013; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV PY 1999 VL 258 IS 1-3 BP 48 EP 56 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00538-4 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 251ZA UT WOS:000083475200006 ER PT J AU Alam, TM Conzone, S Brow, RK Boyle, TJ AF Alam, TM Conzone, S Brow, RK Boyle, TJ TI Li-6, Li-7 nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of lithium coordination in binary phosphate glasses SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article ID SODIUM ULTRAPHOSPHATE GLASSES; BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; NMR CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; P-31 MAS NMR; METAPHOSPHATE GLASSES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NA-23; SPECTROSCOPY; SILICATE; SOLIDS AB Li-6 and Li-7 solid state magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been used to investigate the local coordination environment of lithium in a series of xLi(2)O .(1-x)P2O5 glasses, where 0.05 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.55. Both the Li-6 and Li-7 show chemical shift variations with changes in the Li2O concentration, but the observed Li-6 NMR chemical shifts closely approximate the true isotropic chemical shift and can provide a measure of the lithium bonding environment. The Li-6 NMR results indicate that, in this series of lithium phosphate glasses, the Li atoms have an average coordination between four and five. The results for the metaphosphate glass agree with the coordination number and range of chemical shifts observed for crystalline LiPO3. An increase in the Li-6 NMR chemical shift with increasing Li2O content was observed for the entire concentration range investigated, correlating with increased cross-linking of the phosphate tetrahedral network by O-Li-O bridges. The repolymerization of the glass structure occurs with the sharing of edges, faces and vertices of Li-O polyhedra. The Li-6 chemical shifts were also observed to vary monotonically through the anomalous glass transition temperature (T-g) minimum. This continuous chemical shift Variation shows that abrupt changes in the Li coordination environment do not occur as the Li2O concentration is increased, and such abrupt changes can not be used to explain the T-g minimum. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Aging & Reliabil Bulk Mat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Ceram Engn, Rolla, MO 65409 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Mat Proc, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Alam, TM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Aging & Reliabil Bulk Mat, Org 1811,MS 1407, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM tmalam@sandia.gov NR 40 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 EI 1873-4812 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD NOV PY 1999 VL 258 IS 1-3 BP 140 EP 154 DI 10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00481-0 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 251ZA UT WOS:000083475200015 ER PT J AU Xu, HF Wang, YF AF Xu, HF Wang, YF TI Use of linear free energy relationship to predict Gibbs free energies of formation of zirconolite phases (MZrTi2O7 and MHfTi2O7) SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Letter ID SYNROC; SOLIDS AB In this letter, the Sverjensky-Molling equation derived from a linear free energy relationship is used to calculate the Gibbs free energies of formation of zirconolite crystalline phases (MZrTi2O7 and MHfTi2O7) from the known thermodynamic properties of the corresponding aqueous divalent cations (M2+). Sverjensky-Molling equation is expressed as Delta(Gf1MvX)(0) = a(MvX)Delta G(n,M2+)(0) + b(MvX) + beta(MvX gamma M2+), where the coefficients a(MvX), b(MvX), and beta(MvX), characterize a particular structural family of MvX, r(M2+) is the ionic radius of M2+ cation,Delta G(f,MvX)(0) is the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of MVX, and Delta G(P1m2+)(0) is the standard non-solvation energy of cation M2+. This relationship can be used to predict the Gibbs free energies of formation of various fictive phases (such as BaZrTi2O7, SrZrTi2O7, PbZrTi2O7, etc.) that may form solid solution with CaZrTi2O7 in actual Synroc-based nuclear waste forms. Based on obtained linear free energy relationships, it is predicted that large cations (e.g., Ba and Ra) prefer to be in perovskite structure, and small cations (e.g., Ca, Zn, and Cd) prefer to be in zirconolite structure. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Xu, HF (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Northrop Hall, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 275 IS 2 BP 211 EP 215 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(99)00190-7 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 253JN UT WOS:000083553500011 ER PT J AU Xu, HF Wang, YF AF Xu, HF Wang, YF TI Use of linear free energy relationship to predict Gibbs free energies of formation of pyrochlore phases (CaMTi2O7) SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Letter ID WASTE FORM; TEMPERATURES AB In this letter, a linear free energy relationship is used to predict the Gibbs free energies of formation of crystalline phases of pyrochlore and zirconolite families with stoichiometry of MCaTi2O7 (or, CaMTi2O7,) from the known thermodynamic properties of aqueous tetravalent cations (M4+). Th, linear free energy relationship for tetravalent cations is expressed as Delta G(f,MvX)(0) = a(Mvx)Delta G(n1M4+)(0) + b(Mvx) + beta(Mvx) r(M4+), where the coefficients a(MvX), b(MvX) and beta(Myx) characterize a particular structural family of M-vX, r(M4+) is the ionic radius of M4+ cation, Delta G(f1MvX)(0) is the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of MvX, and Delta G(n1M4+)(0) is the standard non-solvation energy of cation M4+. Th, coefficients for the structural family of zirconolite with the stoichiometry of M4+ CaTi2O7 are estimated to be: a(MvX)=0.5717, b(MvX) = -4284.67 (kJ/mol), and beta(MvX) = 27.2 (kJ/mol nm). The coefficients for the structural family of pyrochlore with the stoichiometry of M4+ CaTi2O7 are estimated to be: a(MvX) = 0.5717, b(MvX) = -4174.25 (kJ/mol), and beta(MvX) = 13.4 (kJ/mol nm). Using the linear free energy relationship, the Gibbs free energies of formation of various zirconolite and pyrochlore phases are calculated. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Xu, HF (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Northrop Hall, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 275 IS 2 BP 216 EP 220 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(99)00189-0 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 253JN UT WOS:000083553500012 ER PT J AU Mokler, FT Lin, Q Luo, HM McPherson, DW Beets, AL Bockisch, A Kropp, J Knapp, FFR AF Mokler, FT Lin, Q Luo, HM McPherson, DW Beets, AL Bockisch, A Kropp, J Knapp, FFR TI Dual-label studies with [I-125]-3(R)/[I-131]-3(S)-BMIPP show similar metabolism in rat tissues SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE radioiodinated fatty acids; 3(R)/3(S)-15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-methylpentadecanoic acid; cardiac imaging agents ID SUBACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; IODINE-123-LABELED FATTY-ACIDS; PENTADECANOIC ACID; HEARTS; BMIPP; TRANSPORT; PERFUSION; OXIDATION AB Biodistribution studies with the radioiodinated 3(R)- and 3(S)isomers of 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) in rats have shown that 3(R)-BMIPP has 20%-25% higher heart uptake than 3(S)-BMIPP (15-180 min). In contrast, the 3(S)-isomer has slightly higher liver uptake, and uptake in other tissues examined is similar. Methods: To evaluate the possible differences in metabolic fate of the two isomers, a mixture of [I-125]-3(R)/[I-131]-3(S)-BMIPP was administered to fasted female Fisher rats. Groups of rats (3 per group) were killed 15, 60 and 180 min after administration. Urine and feces were collected from a fourth group (n = 3) over 7 d. Samples of blood, heart, liver, lungs, kidney and urine were Fetch extracted. The distributions of I-125 and I-131 in the organic (lipid), aqueous and pellet samples were determined. The lipid samples as well as the organic fractions from base-hydrolyzed triglyceride (TG) fractions and acid-hydrolyzed urine samples were then analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Results: The relative distributions of I-125 and I-131 in the lipid, aqueous and pellet samples were similar for both isomers. Distribution of I-125 and I-131 in the various components of the lipid extracts observed by TLC (hexane:ether: HOAc, 70:30:1) was also similar, with principal incorporation into the free fatty acid (FFA) and TG pools. HPLC analyses (C-18) of the FFA fraction showed similar I-125 and I-131 profiles, corresponding to BMIPP, and the alpha-methyl-C-14 (14-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(R,S)-methyltetradecanoic acid) and C-12, C-10 and C-6 carbon chain-length catabolites, By TLC, radioactive components of I-125 and I-131 in the urine had the same TLC mobility as hippuric acid. HPLC analyses (C18) Of acid-hydrolyzed urine gave a single I-125/I-131 component with the same relative retention time as 2-(p-iodophenyl)acetic acid, which is the final alpha/beta-oxidative BMIPP catabolite. Unexpectedly, HPLC of lipids from base-hydrolyzed TG from the heart tissue showed I-125/I-131 components with the same retention times as shorter-chain fatty acids, similar to the FFA fraction, with only low levels of activity detected in BMIPP. Conclusion: These results show that 3(R)-BMIPP and S(S)-BMIPP are metabolized similarly in rat tissues and that higher myocardial extraction observed for 3(R)-BMIPP may reflect differences in the relative membrane transport of the two isomers. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Med Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Essen Gesamthsch, Dept Nucl Med, Essen, Germany. Carl Gustav Tech Univ, Univ Hosp, Dept Nucl Med, Dresden, Germany. RP Knapp, FFR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Med Grp, Bldg 4501,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1918 EP 1927 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 253BH UT WOS:000083536400025 PM 10565790 ER PT J AU Fisher, DR Hui, TE AF Fisher, DR Hui, TE TI Mouse models for internal radiation dosimetry SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID ORGAN C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Profa Technol, Richland, WA USA. RP Fisher, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1969 EP 1970 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 253BH UT WOS:000083536400033 PM 10565797 ER PT J AU Butler-Moore, K Aryaeinejad, R Zhang, XQ Babu, BRS Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Oberacker, VE Zhu, SJ Kormicki, J Peker, LK Cole, JD Dardenne, YX Ma, WC Asztalos, SJ Chu, SY Gregorich, KE Lee, IY Mohar, MF Rasmussen, JO Lougheed, RW Moody, KJ Stoyer, MA Wild, JF Prussin, SG Ter-Akopian, GM Oganessian, YT Daniel, AV Kliman, J Morhac, M AF Butler-Moore, K Aryaeinejad, R Zhang, XQ Babu, BRS Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Hwang, JK Oberacker, VE Zhu, SJ Kormicki, J Peker, LK Cole, JD Dardenne, YX Ma, WC Asztalos, SJ Chu, SY Gregorich, KE Lee, IY Mohar, MF Rasmussen, JO Lougheed, RW Moody, KJ Stoyer, MA Wild, JF Prussin, SG Ter-Akopian, GM Oganessian, YT Daniel, AV Kliman, J Morhac, M TI High-spin states in neutron-rich even-even Pd isotopes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MODEL; TE-136; SHAPES; ROTOR; IBA AB Transitions among high-spin states in Pd-112,Pd-114,Pd-116 are observed through prompt gamma-ray spectroscopy following the spontaneous fisson of Cf-252 Spins and parities are assigned to many newly observed levels based on angular correlation analysis and comparison with known spins and parities of less neutron-rich Pd nuclides. The gamma-band structures are significantly extended. New rotational band structures are observed for the first time, and tentatively assigned negative parity. IBA-1 model calculations are performed for the ground state and gamma-bands. C1 Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Nucl Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, GN Flerov Lab Nucl React, Dubna, Russia. SACc, Inst Phys, Bratislava, Slovakia. RP Hughes Aircraft Co, Marina Del Rey, CA USA. NR 20 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0954-3899 EI 1361-6471 J9 J PHYS G NUCL PARTIC JI J. Phys. G-Nucl. Part. Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 25 IS 11 BP 2253 EP 2269 PG 17 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 255WN UT WOS:000083693300011 ER PT J AU Bond, EB Spruiell, JE Lin, JS AF Bond, EB Spruiell, JE Lin, JS TI A WAXD/SAXS/DSC study on the melting behavior of Ziegler-Natta and metallocene catalyzed isotactic polypropylene SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE isotactic polypropylene; metallocene catalyst; melting; morphology ID ANGLE X-RAY; GAMMA-PHASE; POLYMER STEREOCHEMISTRY; MORPHOLOGY; PROPYLENE; SYSTEMS; DSC; STEREOREGULARITY; CRYSTALLIZATION; COPOLYMERS AB A small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering study was performed on two metallocene catalyzed isotactic polypropylene (miPP) resins. The results were compared with two similar molecular weight Ziegler-Natta catalyzed isotactic polypropylene (zniPP) materials. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) results showed the existence of two crystalline structures in the metallocene samples, the alpha-monoclinic and gamma-orthorhombic crystal structure, with increasing relative amounts of gamma-orthorhombic phase as the lamellae thickness increased. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) scans exhibited a melting peak for each crystal structure. The metallocene resins had the same equilibrium melting temperature (186 +/- 2 degrees C) as the high tacticity Ziegler-Natta (ZNHT) resin, whereas a second Ziegler-Natta resin had a lower equilibrium melting temperature (178 +/- 2 degrees C). The equilibrium melting temperature for the gamma-orthorhombic crystal structure in the metallocene resins was found to be 178 +/- 4 degrees C. The results were explained by the distribution of defects within the miPP chains, generating higher fold surface free energies for the miPP resins. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Ctr Small Angle Scattering Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Spruiell, JE (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 434 Dougherty Engn Bldg, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 42 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 13 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 37 IS 21 BP 3050 EP 3064 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19991101)37:21<3050::AID-POLB14>3.0.CO;2-L PG 15 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 252FM UT WOS:000083491500014 ER PT J AU Jackson, DA Koberstein, JT Weiss, RA AF Jackson, DA Koberstein, JT Weiss, RA TI Small-angle X-ray scattering studies of zinc stearate-filled sulfonated poly(ethylene-co-propylene-co-ethylidene norbornene) ionomers SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionomer; X-ray scattering; sulfonated EPDM; stearate introduction AB The crystallization, melting, and dissolution behavior of zinc stearate (ZnSt) in ZnSt-filled sulfonated poly(ethylene-co-propylene-co-ethylidene norbornene) (SEPDM) ionomers was studied by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The melting temperature of ZnSt in the ionomer was considerably lower than in the pure state, which was consistent with the existence of very small ZnSt crystalline domains and a specific interaction between the metal sulfonate groups of the SEPDM and the metal carboxylate groups of ZnSt. Temperature-resolved SAXS showed that, on melting, some or all of the ZnSt rapidly dissolved into the ionomer. Ionic aggregates in the neat ionomer persisted up to 300 degrees C. Microphase separation was also observed at elevated temperatures for the ZnSt-filled ionomers, but the composition of the microdomains was believed to be quite different than that of the microdomains in the neat SEPDM. The time and temperature dependence of the ZnSt crystallization in the filled ionomers was characterized by time-resolved SAXS experiments following a temperature quench from the melt. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem Engn, Polymer Sci Program, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. US DOE, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Off Basic Energy Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Weiss, RA (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, 97 N Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 37 IS 21 BP 3141 EP 3150 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0488(19991101)37:21<3141::AID-POLB23>3.0.CO;2-I PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 252FM UT WOS:000083491500023 ER PT J AU Richardson, TJ Ross, PN AF Richardson, TJ Ross, PN TI In situ UV-visible spectroscopy: characterization of overcharge protection additives for secondary lithium batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE battery life; lithium batteries; organic electrolytes; spectroscopy; redox processes ID TETRAHYDROFURAN SOLUTIONS AB A technique has been developed for in situ measurement of W-visible spectra of lithium battery electrolytes. The method has been applied to the investigation of the redox properties and diffusion characteristics of electrolyte additives for overcharge protection in secondary lithium batteries. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Richardson, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV PY 1999 VL 84 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00179-2 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 266JK UT WOS:000084296700001 ER PT J AU Prakash, J Redey, L Vissers, DR AF Prakash, J Redey, L Vissers, DR TI Morphological considerations of the nickel chloride electrodes for zebra batteries SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE zebra battery; nickel chloride; sodium; sodium/nickel chloride cells; morphology ID BETA-ALUMINA ELECTROLYTE; CELL AB Electrochemical and morphological investigations of various nickel chloride electrodes were carried out. Three different types of Nickel chloride electrodes were investigated in this study: a nonporous nickel substrate, a nickel felt, and a porous sintered electrode. It was observed that the nickel chloride layer formation during the charge limits the area capacity of solid nickel to 0.6 C/cm(2). There is also a direct relationship between the electrochemical performance and morphological parameters of the nickel chloride electrode. The capacity trend of these electrodes was explained by considering both the surface area and the pore-size distribution necessary for an effective mass transport during charge and discharge reactions. A rational approach to fabricate electrodes with improved nickel utilization is also discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Prakash, J (reprint author), IIT, Dept Environm Chem & Engn, Ctr Electrochem Sci & Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD NOV PY 1999 VL 84 IS 1 BP 63 EP 69 DI 10.1016/S0378-7753(99)00300-6 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 266JK UT WOS:000084296700009 ER PT J AU Reimus, MAH Silver, GL AF Reimus, MAH Silver, GL TI Metals for the containment of nitric acid solutions of plutonium-238 SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Results of a study of the corrosion of various transition-metal alloys, tantalum, and tantalum/2.5% tungsten are reported. The solvent contained nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and ammonium hexanitratocerete. It was designed to imitate the corrosiveness of the nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid mixture used to dissolve 238-plutonium dioxide. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reimus, MAH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS E502, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 242 IS 2 BP 265 EP 267 DI 10.1007/BF02345551 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 253MB UT WOS:000083559400003 ER PT J AU Jerde, EA Glasgow, DC Hastings, JB AF Jerde, EA Glasgow, DC Hastings, JB TI Neutron activation by neutrons produced via proton-induced spallation in a liquid-mercury target: Measurements and assessment of uncertainties SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A preliminary test of a liquid mercury target for the production of neutrons by spallation was undertaken at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Neutron activation of elemental foils placed on the target demonstrates that a range of neutron energies does exist, as expected, and that the neutron flux is at a maximum 10-20 cm from the front of the target, moving deeper with increasing proton energy. Uncertainties in the activity calculations are in general significantly <10%. Impurities in some of the foils are a significant source of interference for some reactions, although there is no interference for most of the reactions. The presence of many interference-free reactions, along with the low uncertainties indicates that the foils will be useful benchmarks to validate the neutronics codes utilized in the target design. C1 Kelly Sci Resources Inc, Oak Ridge Res Inst, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jerde, EA (reprint author), Kelly Sci Resources Inc, Oak Ridge Res Inst, 100 Donner Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 242 IS 2 BP 473 EP 485 DI 10.1007/BF02345580 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 253MB UT WOS:000083559400032 ER PT J AU Lee, HS Denn, MM AF Lee, HS Denn, MM TI Rheology of a viscoelastic emulsion with a liquid crystalline polymer dispersed phase SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-FLOW; VECTRA-A; BLENDS; BEHAVIOR; TRANSIENT; STEADY; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE); MORPHOLOGY; VISCOSITY; MODEL AB The steady-shear viscosity and first normal stress difference and the dynamic storage and loss moduli have been measured for a blend consisting of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer dispersed in a thermoplastic fluoropolymer matrix. The components are immiscible and nonreacting. Consistency with the Palieme emulsion theory for viscoelastic blends is possible if and only if the interfacial tension contribution is negligible for droplets that are comparable in size to a liquid crystalline domain or smaller, while retaining the effect for larger droplets. Steady shear results are approximately described by the scaling of the Doi-Ohta theory, but there is a significant reduction in the excess shear stress over a finite shear-rate range for the lowest concentration, which contains the smallest droplets. (C) 1999 The Society of Rheology. [S0148-6055(99)02006-4]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Denn, MM (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Levich Inst, 1-M Steinman Hall,Convent Hall & 140th St, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 44 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1583 EP 1598 DI 10.1122/1.551070 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 254ZP UT WOS:000083644600015 ER PT J AU Wiseman, S AF Wiseman, S TI Seismic image segmentation and its application to geologic interpretation SO JOURNAL OF SEISMIC EXPLORATION LA English DT Article DE geologic interpretation; apparent polarity; acoustic impedance; image analysis; image segmentation AB Image segmentation is a standard low-level task in computer vision. We demonstrate how the segmentation of two-dimensional (2-D) seismic images can assist in geologic interpretation. An image segmentation technique is applied to 2-D images of the acoustic impedance. A salient feature of the resulting segments is that the hydrocarbon bearing regions are characterized by a finer segmentation than the other regions. A modified apparent polarity attribute is introduced and images of this attribute are segmented. The boundaries of the resulting segments pass through the minima and the maxima of the acoustic impedance in a manner which allows us to segment the acoustic impedance image into layers of high and low acoustic impedance. Our methods can assist in segmentation of acoustic impedance images according to lithology or geologic facies. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Dept Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wiseman, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Dept Engn Sci Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEOPHYSICAL PRESS PI CASTELNAU-LE-LEZ PA 14 RUE DU PRADO, 34170 CASTELNAU-LE-LEZ, FRANCE SN 0963-0651 J9 J SEISM EXPLOR JI J. Seism Explor. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 8 IS 3 BP 203 EP 219 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 272NP UT WOS:000084657000001 ER PT J AU Giguere, P Selig, MS Tangler, JL AF Giguere, P Selig, MS Tangler, JL TI Blade design trade-offs using low-lift airfoils for stall-regulated HAWTs SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID WIND TURBINE AB A systematic blade design study was conducted to explore the tmde-offs in using low-lift airfoils for a 750-kilowatt stall-regulated wind turbine. Tip-region airfoils having a maximum-lift coefficient ranging from 0.7-1.2 were considered in this study, with the main objective of identifying the practical lower limit for the maximum-lift coefficient. Blades were optimized for both maximum annual energy production and minimum cost of energy using a method that takes into account aerodynamic and structural considerations. The results indicate that the effect of the maximum-lift coefficient on the cost of energy is small with a slight advantage to the highest maximum lift coefficient case considered in this study. As a consequence, higher maximum lift coefficient airfoils for the tip-region of the blade become more desirable as machine size increases, provided the airfoils yield acceptable stall characteristics. The conclusions ale applicable to large wind turbines that use passive or active stall to regulate peak power. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Giguere, P (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 1999 VL 121 IS 4 BP 217 EP 223 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 278UF UT WOS:000085006800006 ER PT J AU Lock, JP Peterson, BL Weimer, AW Pitts, RJ Bingham, CE Lewandowski, AA AF Lock, JP Peterson, BL Weimer, AW Pitts, RJ Bingham, CE Lewandowski, AA TI Aluminum nitridation in a solar-heated vibrating fluidized bed reactor SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; SURFACE MODIFICATION; THERMOPHORESIS; PARTICLES; ENERGY AB A vibrating fluidized bed reactor was constructed and interfaced with the High-Flux Solar Furnace at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, CO. Various precursor mixtures of aluminum and aluminum nitride were heated for approximately 10 to 15 minutes using focused sunlight with an intensity, as high as 2000 kW/m(2). Particles ranging in size from 2 mu m to 10 mu m were produced with the heating and fluidization process. X-ray diffraction and chemical composition analyses of the product indicate virtually complete conversion of aluminum to aluminum nitride for some precursor mixtures. High conversion was also achieved using multi-pass processing. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Weimer, AW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD NOV PY 1999 VL 121 IS 4 BP 224 EP 227 DI 10.1115/1.2888171 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 278UF UT WOS:000085006800007 ER PT J AU Chavez, AV Nenoff, TM Hannooman, L Harrison, WTA AF Chavez, AV Nenoff, TM Hannooman, L Harrison, WTA TI Tetrahedral-network organo-zincophosphates: Syntheses and structures of (N2C6H14)center dot Zn(HPO4)(2)center dot H2O, H3N(CH2)(3)NH3 center dot Zn-2(HPO4)(3), and (N2C6H14)center dot Zn-3(HPO4)(4) SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ZINC-PHOSPHATES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; BUILT-UP; DENSITY; PHASE AB The solution-mediated syntheses and single crystal structures of (N2C6H14) . Zn(HPO4)(2) . H-2 (I), H3N(CH2)(3)NH3 . Zn-2(HPO4)(3) (II), and (N2C6H14) . Zn-3(HPO4)(4) (III) are described. These phases contain vertex-sharing ZnO4 and HPO4 tetrahedra, accompanied by doubly protonated organic cations. Despite their formal chemical relationship, as members of the series of t . Zn-n(HPO4)(n+1) (t = template, n 1-3), these phases adopt fundamentally different crystal structures, as one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional ZnO4/HPO4 networks, for I, II, and III, respectively. Similarities and differences to some other zinc phosphates are briefly discussed. Crystal data: (N2C6H14) . Zn(HPO4)(2) H2O, M-r= 389.54, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n (No. 14), a 9.864(4) Angstrom, b = 8.679(4)Angstrom, c 15.780(3)Angstrom, beta=106.86(2)degrees, V=1294.2(8) Angstrom(3), z=4, R(F) = 4.58%, R-w(F) = 5.28% [1055 reflections with I>3 sigma(I)]. H3N(CH2)(3)NH3 . Zn-2(HPO4)(3), M-r = 494.84, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/c (No. 14), a=8.593(2)Angstrom, b=9.602(2) Angstrom, c = 17.001(3) Angstrom, beta = 93.571(8)degrees, V= 1400.0(5) Angstrom(3), Z= 4, R(F) = 4.09%, Rw(F)=4.81% [2794 reflections with I>3 sigma(I)]. (N2C6H14) . Zn-3(HPO4)(4), M-r = 694.25, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n (No. 14), a = 9.535(2) Angstrom, b = 23.246(4) Angstrom, c = 9.587(2) Angstrom, beta=117.74(2)degrees, V=1880.8(8) Angstrom(3), z=4, R(E)=3.23%, R-w(F) =3.89% [4255 reflections with I>3 sigma(I)]. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Univ Aberdeen, Dept Chem, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. Sandia Natl Labs, Catalysis & Chem Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Western Australia, Dept Chem, Nedlands, WA 6907, Australia. RP Harrison, WTA (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Dept Chem, Meston Walk, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland. NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 147 IS 2 BP 584 EP 591 DI 10.1006/jssc.1999.8421 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 255CU UT WOS:000083652600019 ER PT J AU Weber, CF Beahm, EC Watson, JS AF Weber, CF Beahm, EC Watson, JS TI Modeling thermodynamics and phase equilibria for aqueous solutions of trisodium phosphate SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE thermodynamics; Pitzer model; phase equilibrium; sodium phosphate ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE EQUILIBRIA; MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; HEAT-CAPACITIES; PHOSPHORIC-ACID; 25-DEGREES-C; DISSOCIATION; SOLGASMIX; DILUTION; VOLUMES AB A computational model is developed to calculate thermodynamic phase equilibria in alkaline solutions of trisodium phosphate up to 100 degrees C. A variety of data are used, including isopiestic measurements, freezing point data, vapor pressure data at 100 degrees C, heat capacities, heats of dilution, and solubility measurements. Fitter's ion-interaction treatment is used to model electrolyte solutions and many unknown parameters are determined from existing data through nonlinear least-squares fitting. Phase equilibria are determined by minimization of total Gibbs energy using a modification of the code SOLGASMIX. Results calculated using the model accurately predict experimental data. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Weber, CF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 8 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1207 EP 1238 DI 10.1023/A:1021784515522 PG 32 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 250EY UT WOS:000083377100002 ER PT J AU Raitses, Y Guelman, M Ashkenazy, J Appelbaum, G AF Raitses, Y Guelman, M Ashkenazy, J Appelbaum, G TI Orbit transfer with a variable thrust Hall thruster under drag SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 34th Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 13-15, 1998 CL CLEVELAND, OHIO SP AIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID ELECTRIC PROPULSION AB The performance capabilities of an experimental Hall thruster were obtained experimentally for both variable and constant thrust modes at low power levels in order to enable orbit transfer under the influence of air drag with small satellites. For this purpose the measured thruster performance was employed in calculations of transfer trajectories. As a result, by applying optimal thrust acceleration control the required propellant mass for a given low-Earth-orbit transfer was reduced by 15-17% as compared to that required for spacecraft operation with a constant thrust to power ratio. For this purpose a Hall thruster with a movable anode is needed. In addition, the operation of an array of thrusters enables the increase of a factor of variations of the thrust acceleration during the Eight time. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Fac Aerosp Engn, Asher Space Res Inst, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Soreq Nucl Res Ctr, Prop Phys Lab, IL-81800 Yavne, Israel. RP Raitses, Y (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 36 IS 6 BP 875 EP 881 DI 10.2514/2.3506 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 269GB UT WOS:000084467400014 ER PT J AU Glass, DE Camarda, CJ Merrigan, MA Sena, JT Reid, RS AF Glass, DE Camarda, CJ Merrigan, MA Sena, JT Reid, RS TI Fabrication and testing of a leading-edge-shaped heat pipe SO JOURNAL OF SPACECRAFT AND ROCKETS LA English DT Article C1 Analyt Serv & Mat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Glass, DE (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Met & Thermal Struct Branch, Mail Stop 396, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0022-4650 J9 J SPACECRAFT ROCKETS JI J. Spacecr. Rockets PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 36 IS 6 BP 921 EP 923 DI 10.2514/2.3515 PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 269GB UT WOS:000084467400022 ER PT J AU Wong, J Tanaka, T Rowen, M Schafers, F Muller, BR Rek, ZU AF Wong, J Tanaka, T Rowen, M Schafers, F Muller, BR Rek, ZU TI YB66 - a new soft X-ray monochromator for synchrotron radiation. II. Characterization SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE soft X-ray monochromators; YB66; 1-2 keV spectroscopy ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; GROWTH AB YB66, a complex boron-rich man-made crystal, has been singled out as a potential monochromator material to disperse synchrotron soft X-rays in the 1-2 keV region. Results of a series of systematic property characterizations pertinent for this application are presented in this paper. These include Laue diffraction patterns and high-precision lattice-constant determination, etch rate, stoichiometry, thermal expansion, soft X-ray reflectivity and rocking-curve measurements, thermal load effects on monochromator performance, nature of intrinsic positive glitches and their reduction. The 004 reflection of YB66 has a reflectance of similar to 3% in this spectral region. The width of the rocking curve varies from 0.25 eV at 1.1 keV to 1.0 eV at 2 keV, which is a factor of two better than that of beryl(1010) in the same energy range, and enables measurements of high-resolution XANES spectra at the Mg, Al and Si K-edges. The thermal bump on the first crystal arising from the low thermal conductivity of YB66 causes an energy drift of a few eVs with storage-ring current and necessitates periodic energy calibration with metal foils. The positive glitches in the transmission function just above the Mg K-edge have substantially been reduced using an Si or SiC mirror which suppresses the sharp reflectivity increases associated with anomalous scattering for the YB66 006 reflection at the Y L-3- and L-2-edges. Continual operation over the past five years of a YB66 double-crystal monochromator installed on the JUMBO beamline at Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) indeed proves the long-term stability of this material in synchrotron radiation under ultrahigh vacuum conditions as indicated by the invariance in rocking-curve characteristics after being exposed to an accumulative power level of similar to 3 x 10(8) J over this period of time. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Natl Inst Inorgan Mat, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. BESSY, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. RP Wong, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Muller, Bernd Randolf/R-4659-2016 OI Muller, Bernd Randolf/0000-0003-2234-1538 NR 26 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 6 BP 1086 EP 1095 DI 10.1107/S0909049599009000 PN 6 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 255BC UT WOS:000083648800004 ER PT J AU Sandy, AR Lurio, LB Mochrie, SGJ Malik, A Stephenson, GB Pelletier, JF Sutton, M AF Sandy, AR Lurio, LB Mochrie, SGJ Malik, A Stephenson, GB Pelletier, JF Sutton, M TI Design and characterization of an undulator beamline optimized for small-angle coherent X-ray scattering at the Advanced Photon Source SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Article DE coherent X-ray beams; speckle; small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) ID INTENSITY FLUCTUATION SPECTROSCOPY; RADIATION; DYNAMICS; SPECKLE AB An undulator beamline and small-angle-scattering spectrometer have been implemented at the Advanced Photon Source. The beamline is optimized for performing small-angle wide-bandpass coherent X-ray scattering measurements, and has been characterized by measuring static X-ray speckle patterns from isotropically disordered samples. Statistical analyses of the speckle patterns have been performed from which the speckle widths and contrast are extracted versus wavevector transfer and sample thickness. The measured speckle widths and contrast are compared with an approximation to the intensity correlation function and found to be in good agreement with its predictions. C1 MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RP Sandy, AR (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 23 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 13 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 6 BP 1174 EP 1184 DI 10.1107/S0909049599009590 PN 6 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA 255BC UT WOS:000083648800015 ER PT J AU Telschow, KL Deason, VA Schley, RS Watson, SM AF Telschow, KL Deason, VA Schley, RS Watson, SM TI Direct imaging of traveling Lamb waves in plates using photorefractive dynamic holography SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETRY; BI12SIO20; CRYSTALS; PHASE AB Anisotropic stiffness properties of sheet materials can be determined by measuring the propagation of Lamb waves in different directions, but this typically requires multiple positioning of a suitable transducer at several points or scanning over the area of the sample plate. A laser imaging approach is presented that utilizes the adaptive property of photorefractive materials to produce a real-time measurement of the antisymmetric Lamb traveling wave displacement and phase in all planar directions simultaneously without scanning. Continuous excitation and lock-in methodology is employed, enabling the data to be recorded and displayed by a video camera. Analysis of the image produces a direct quantitative determination of the phase velocity in all directions showing plate stiffness anisotropy in the plane. The method is applicable to materials that scatter light diffusely and provides quantitative imaging of the dynamic surface motion exhibited by traveling elastic waves. A description is given of this imaging process and, for the first time, its ability to perform lock-in measurement of elastic wave displacement amplitude and phase. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)05011-0]. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Telschow, KL (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI Schley, Robert/B-9124-2017 OI Schley, Robert/0000-0001-8907-6535 NR 22 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 106 IS 5 BP 2578 EP 2587 DI 10.1121/1.428089 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 257MN UT WOS:000083785800025 ER PT J AU Norton, SJ AF Norton, SJ TI Iterative inverse scattering algorithms: Methods of computing Frechet derivatives SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB iterative approaches to the nonlinear inverse scattering-problem generally attempt to find the scattering distribution that best predicts the data by minimizing;a global error norm (e.g.,the mean-square error) which quantifies the misfit between a set of measured data and data predicted on the basis of a forward calculation. A crucial quantity in this minimization is the Frechet derivative of the error norm which tells us how to update the current estimate of the scattering distribution to reduce the global error at each iteration. This paper demonstrates how to compute the Frechet derivative using three different, but fundamentally equivalent, methods: the conventional adjoint method, the Lagrange multiplier method, and the integral equation method. The first two begin with the wave equation, while the latter method is based on a Lippmann-Schwinger integral equation. These techniques are not only far more efficient, but also numerically less error prone, than ''brute force'' methods for computing derivatives based, for example, on finite differences. For simplicity, a variational approach is employed in which the fields and Scattering distribution are represented by continuous functions, but the finite-dimensional (discretized) problem is shown to follow directly from: the continuous-space results. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)03311-1]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Norton, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 13 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 106 IS 5 BP 2653 EP 2660 DI 10.1121/1.428095 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 257MN UT WOS:000083785800034 ER PT J AU Watt, AS Magrini, KA Carlson, LE Wolfrum, EJ Larson, SA Roth, C Glatzmaier, GC AF Watt, AS Magrini, KA Carlson, LE Wolfrum, EJ Larson, SA Roth, C Glatzmaier, GC TI Pilot-scale demonstration of an innovative treatment for vapor emissions SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; TIO2; AIR; DEGRADATION; PRODUCTS; BENZENE; FILMS; ACID AB Researchers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory recently conducted a pilot-scale study at McClellan Air Force Base (AFB) in Sacramento, CA. The objective of the test was to determine the effectiveness of an ambient-temperature, solar-powered photocatalytic oxidation treatment unit for destroying emissions of chlorinated organic compounds from an air stripper. This paper reports test results and discusses applications and limitations of the technology. A 10-standard-cubic-foot-per-minute (SCFM) (28.3 L/min) slip stream of air from an air stripper at Operative Unit 29-31 at McClellan AFB was passed through a reactor that contained a lightweight, perforated, inert support coated with photoactive titanium dioxide. The reactor faced south and was tilted at a 45 degrees angle from vertical so that the light-activated catalyst received most of the available sunlight. An online portable gas chromatograph with two identical columns simultaneously analyzed the volatile organic compounds contained in the reactor inlet and outlet air streams. Summa canister grab samples of the inlet and outlet were also collected and sent to a certified laboratory for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Method TO-14 analysis and verification of our field analyses. Three weeks of testing demonstrated that the treatment system's destruction and removal efficiencies (DREs) are greater than 95% at 10 SCFM with UV intensities at or greater than 1.5 milliwatts/square centimeter (mW/cm(2)). DREs greater than 95% at 20 SCFM were obtained under conditions where UV irradiation measured at or greater than 2 mW/cm(2). In Sacramento, this provided 6 hours of operation per clear or nearly clear day in April. A solar tracking system could extend operating time. The air stream also contained trace amounts of benzene. We observed no loss of system performance during testing. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Watt, AS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 49 IS 11 BP 1368 EP 1373 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 258BX UT WOS:000083819200012 PM 28072376 ER PT J AU Bloomer, PE Feng, XD Chantaraprachoom, N Gong, ML McCready, DE AF Bloomer, PE Feng, XD Chantaraprachoom, N Gong, ML McCready, DE TI Effect of crystallization, redox, and waste loading on the properties of several glassy waste forms SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 99th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 24-MAY 07, 1997 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB A laboratory study performed on three waste streams with high metal content (between 20 and 60 wt%) showed that waste form durability was strongly influenced by processing conditions and waste form compositions. The study involved varying the waste loading, melting conditions, and heat treatment of a total of 15 waste forms, The normalized sodium release obtained from the product consistency test (PCT) was the main criterion used for durability comparisons between each waste form, It was found that a reducing melt condition had no effect on the durability of some waste forms, yet it decreased the durability of others up to 700% when compared to the oxidized melts. One waste form composition tested showed a 140% increase in durability when devitrified (crystallized) relative to its glassy form. Some compositions showed no change in durability after devitrification, while others shelved a 200% decrease. Increased waste loading was also found to have varying effects dependent on the composition of the waste form and the processing atmosphere. These responses to processing and composition variations were dictated by fundamental glass chemistry and can be adjusted to achieve maximum waste loading, acceptable durability, and desirable processing characteristics with optimized formulations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Ferro Corp, Ctr Tech, Independence, OH 44131 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 82 IS 11 BP 2999 EP 3011 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 291XC UT WOS:000085763800010 ER PT J AU Crichton, SN Tomozawa, M Hayden, JS Suratwala, TI Campbell, JH AF Crichton, SN Tomozawa, M Hayden, JS Suratwala, TI Campbell, JH TI Subcritical crack growth in a phosphate laser glass SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE AB The rate of subcritical crack growth in a metaphosphate Nd-doped laser glass was measured using the double-cleavage-drilled compression (DCDC) method. The crack velocity is reported as a function of stress intensity at temperatures ranging from 296 to 573 K and in nitrogen with water vapor pressures ranging from 40 Pa (0.3 mmHg) to 4.7 x 10(4) Pa (355 mmHg). The measured crack velocities follow region I, II, and III behavior similar to that reported far silicate glasses. A chemical and mass-transport-limited reaction rate model explains the behavior of the data except at high temperatures and high water vapor pressures where crack tip blunting is observed. Blunting is characterized by an arrest in the crack growth followed by the inability to reinitiate slow crack growth at higher stresses. A dynamic crack tip blunting mechanism is proposed to explain the deviation from the reaction rate model. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Schott Glass Technol Inc, Duryea, PA 18642 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Crichton, SN (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RI Suratwala, Tayyab/A-9952-2013 OI Suratwala, Tayyab/0000-0001-9086-1039 NR 26 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 82 IS 11 BP 3097 EP 3104 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 291XC UT WOS:000085763800024 ER PT J AU Williford, RE Weber, WJ AF Williford, RE Weber, WJ TI Cation vacancy energetics in the gadolinium titanate/zirconate system SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DISORDER AB Atomistic simulations of coupled anion/cation disorder in the pyrochlore structure of Gd-2(ZrxTi1-x)(2)O-7 show that homoatomic cation vacancy migration energies range from 3.8 to 7.9 eV, and increase with the addition of anion defects. For ordered materials, the energies for heteroatomic Ti or Zr vacancy migrations to Gd sites are 1.4 and 1.9 eV, respectively, but the addition of neighboring oxygen defects generally reduces these energies to less than 1 eV. The heteroatomic migration of Gd vacancies to Ti or Zr sites remains rather large (>2.7 eV) even with the presence of oxygen defects. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Williford, RE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 82 IS 11 BP 3266 EP 3268 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 291XC UT WOS:000085763800055 ER PT J AU Gantt, SL Valentine, NB Saenz, AJ Kingsley, MT Wahl, KL AF Gantt, SL Valentine, NB Saenz, AJ Kingsley, MT Wahl, KL TI Use of an internal control for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of bacteria SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION IONIZATION; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; PROTEIN PROFILES; SAMPLES; MS AB A method to aid in the analysis of bacterial samples of unknown concentration by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry is demonstrated. It is shown that in MALDI analysis of bacteria, the intensities of resulting peaks in spectra are sensitive to the microbial concentration. At the high and low ends of the concentration range, no signal can be obtained, leaving very concentrated or very dilute samples indistinguishable. The addition of cytochrome c as an internal control allows the differentiation of these concentrated and dilute samples. The presence of the internal control causes only a 20% to 30% decrease in signal intensity when the bacterial concentration is optimum. However, the signal quality is improved when the internal control is added to some low concentrations of bacteria. (JAm Soc Mass Spectrom 1999, 10, 1131-1137) (C) 1999 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wahl, KL (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999,MS P8-08, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 21 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1131 EP 1137 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(99)00086-0 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 245ZB UT WOS:000083137500009 PM 10536819 ER PT J AU Ding, SP Xu, K Zhang, SS Jow, TR Amine, K Henriksen, GL AF Ding, SP Xu, K Zhang, SS Jow, TR Amine, K Henriksen, GL TI Diminution of supercooling of electrolytes by carbon particles SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB We studied the supercooling behavior of a number of solutions of LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate-ethyl methyl carbonate in 1:1 weight ratio with and without the presence of one of these carbons: activated carbon, carbon black, and mesocarbon microbeads. The results of our experiments of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) show that the supercooling of less concentrated solutions is significantly diminished by the presence of a carbon, the degree and the nature of which depends on the concentration of the electrolyte and the type of carbon present. The results of our conductivity measurement also indicate precipitation in some of the electrolytes at low temperatures, which correlates well with the DSC results. We therefore conclude that the temperature range in which an electrolyte supercools without a nucleating material is unreliable for the operation of an electrochemical device containing such an electrolyte. Instead, the liquidus temperature of an electrolyte should be used as the lower limit of operation if the possibility of its crystallization is to be excluded. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)03-011-6. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ding, SP (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RI Zhang, Sheng/A-4456-2012; Amine, Khalil/K-9344-2013 OI Zhang, Sheng/0000-0003-4435-4110; NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 146 IS 11 BP 3974 EP 3980 DI 10.1149/1.1392579 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 253HT UT WOS:000083551500006 ER PT J AU Jain, M Nagasubramanian, G Jungst, RG Weidner, JW AF Jain, M Nagasubramanian, G Jungst, RG Weidner, JW TI Analysis of a lithium/thionyl chloride battery under moderate-rate discharge SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY LI-SOCL2 CELLS; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; ELECTROLYTE; LITHIUM; PERFORMANCE AB A one-dimensional mathematical model of a spirally wound lithium/thionyl chloride primary battery is developed and used for parameter estimation and design studies. The model formulation is based on the fundamental conservation laws using porous electrode theory and concentrated solution theory. The model is used to estimate the transference number, the diffusion coefficient. and the kinetic parameters for the reactions at the anode and the cathode as a function of temperature. These parameters are obtained by fitting the simulated capacity and average cell voltage to experimental data over a wide range of temperatures (-55 to 49 degrees C) and discharge loads (10-250 Ohm). The experiments were performed on D-sized, cathode-limited, spirally wound lithium/thionyl chloride cells. The model is also used to study the effect of cathode thickness on the cell capacity as a function of temperature, and it was found that the optimum thickness for the cathode-limited design is temperature and load dependent. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(98)07-107-9. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem Engn, Ctr Electrochem Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jain, M (reprint author), Medtron Inc, Minneapolis, MN 55430 USA. OI Weidner, John/0000-0002-3928-9740 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 146 IS 11 BP 4023 EP 4030 DI 10.1149/1.1392587 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 253HT UT WOS:000083551500014 ER PT J AU Virtanen, S Schmuki, P Buchler, M Isaacs, HS AF Virtanen, S Schmuki, P Buchler, M Isaacs, HS TI Electrochemical behavior of Fe in phosphate solutions studied by in situ X-ray absorption near edge structure SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU; PASSIVE FILM; BORATE BUFFER; CATHODIC REDUCTION; IRON; DISSOLUTION; XANES; SPECTROSCOPY; MODELS AB The electrochemical behavior of Fe and thin, sputter-deposited films of Fe2O3 in phosphate-containing solutions was studied and compared with the behavior in borate buffer and 0.1 M NaOH. In situ X-ray absorption near edge structure was used to simultaneously monitor changes in the samples' average valency and thickness. The reactions taking plate during reduction of:the passive film on iron are significantly different for all three electrolytes. In borate buffer (pH 8.4), reduction leads to a complete dissolution of the passive film. In alkaline solution, no dissolution takes place, but, instead, the passive film is converted into a lower-valent oxide/hydroxide film during reduction. Similarly, in phosphate buffer (pH 8.4), there is no dissolution in a direct step to low cathodic potentials, but the resulting reduction product is metallic iron. In contrast to the behavior in alkaline solution, where no dissolution takes place independent of the potential, in the phosphate buffer (pH 8.4), dissolution occurs in the potential range of the active/passive-transition. In an alkaline phosphate-containing solution, conversion into metallic iron is possible in a direct reduction step to potential in the stability region of Fe(0): at intermediate potentials, a ferrous layer is formed in the reduction reaction. The presence of phosphate species in the electrolyte enables the further reduction of this ferrous layer into Fe(0) at lower potentials. In pure NaOH solution, the presence of Fe(OH)(2) on the surface hinders further reduction even at very low cathodic potentials. The factors controlling the reactions taking place during the reduction of the passive film on iron are discussed. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)03-074-8. All rights reserved. C1 ETH Honggerberg, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Mat, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. ETH Honggerberg, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Mat Chem & Corros, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. ETH Honggerberg, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Mat Chem & Corros, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Virtanen, S (reprint author), ETH Honggerberg, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Dept Mat, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Virtanen, Sannakaisa/N-3699-2015 OI Virtanen, Sannakaisa/0000-0002-7179-7593 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 146 IS 11 BP 4087 EP 4094 DI 10.1149/1.1392596 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 253HT UT WOS:000083551500023 ER PT J AU Bonnefont, A Kostecki, R McLarnon, F Arrayet, JC Servant, L Argoul, F AF Bonnefont, A Kostecki, R McLarnon, F Arrayet, JC Servant, L Argoul, F TI In situ atomic force microscopy imaging of electrodeposition of mixed layers of copper/cuprous oxide SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NANOSTRUCTURES AB In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied to the dynamic characrerization of the growth of mixed Cu/Cu2O layers obtained by galvanostatic electrodeposition from alkaline Cu(II) lactate solutions. The correlation of the cathode potential profile with the average topographic profiles computed from the AFM images provided evidence for two transitions in the deposit growth during which the average growth velocity underwent rapid accelerations, the first one corresponding to zero interfacial concentration (Sand's time) and the second one to the emergence of the oscillations by a smooth transition. Despite its temporal resolution, the AFM technique could not capture the details of a single oscillation, but it proved to be quite adequate for tracking the general evolution of the electrode surface. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)05-034-X. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Rech Paul Pascal, F-33600 Pessac, France. Lab Physio Chim Mol, F-33405 Talence, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bonnefont, A (reprint author), Ctr Rech Paul Pascal, Ave A Schweitzer, F-33600 Pessac, France. RI Argoul, Francoise/F-5944-2016 OI Argoul, Francoise/0000-0001-9157-3565 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 146 IS 11 BP 4101 EP 4104 DI 10.1149/1.1392598 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 253HT UT WOS:000083551500025 ER PT J AU Pichot, F Ferrere, S Pitts, RJ Gregg, BA AF Pichot, F Ferrere, S Pitts, RJ Gregg, BA TI Flexible solid-state photoelectrochromic windows SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TIO2; ELECTRODES; FILMS; DYE; ELECTROLYTES; CONVERSION; CHALLENGES; LIGHT AB Photoelectrochromic "smart" window technology is extended to include the use of flexible substrates and solid-state electrolytes. This should facilitate their application as retrofit modifications of office windows, where, by blocking incoming solar irradiation, they could substantially lower air-conditioning costs. These devices are based on a dye-sensitized TiO2 electrode coupled with a 500 nm thick WO3 electrochromic counter electrode, separated by a cross-linked polymer electrolyte containing LiI. A novel method for preparing conducting nanoporous TiO2 films is described that allows for the construction of these devices on flexible organic substrates. Colloidal solutions of TiO2 free of surfactants were spin-coated onto indium-tin oxide coated polyester substrates, resulting in highly transparent films ranging from 100 nm to 1 pm in thickness. Upon annealing at 100 degrees C, these films were strongly adherent and displayed excellent photoconductivity as shown by their current-voltage characteristics. The devices typically transmit 75% of visible light in the bleached state. After a few minutes of exposure to white light (75 mW/cm(2)), the windows turn dark blue, transmitting only 30% of visible light. They spontaneously bleach back to their initial noncolored state upon removal of the light source. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S0013-4651(99)99-03-065-7. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Pichot, F (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 17 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 146 IS 11 BP 4324 EP 4326 DI 10.1149/1.1392635 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 253HT UT WOS:000083551500062 ER PT J AU Koch, JA Cui, S McNeill, MA AF Koch, JA Cui, S McNeill, MA TI Effective-focal-length calculations and measurements for a radial diffraction grating SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID LASER-BEAM; INTERFEROMETER; SPECTROGRAPH; EVOLUTION AB As the technology for manufacturing radial diffraction gratings improves, there will be increasing interest in using high-groove-density radial gratings as scales for precision interferometer-type rotary encoders, If efficiency in optical designs is to be optimized, the focusing properties of these gratings must be understood. We use analytical geometry to investigate the focusing properties of a radial diffraction grating illuminated by laser light diverging from a pointlike source. We compare the results with experiments that we performed with a state-of-the-art custom radial grating, and we obtain excellent agreement with our calculations, which improve on earlier analytical work. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3232(99)01211-9]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FANUC Berkeley Lab, Union City, CA 94587 USA. RP Koch, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-481, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2690 EP 2694 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.16.002690 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 249MF UT WOS:000083336300011 ER PT J AU Hill, SC Nachman, P Arnold, S Ramsey, TM Barnes, MD AF Hill, SC Nachman, P Arnold, S Ramsey, TM Barnes, MD TI Fluorescence image of a single molecule in a microsphere: model SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION RATES; SPHERICAL MICROCAVITIES; INTERNAL CIRCULATION; AEROSOL-PARTICLE; EXCITATION; RESONANCE; DROPLETS; BEAM; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING AB We model fluorescence images of single molecules in spherical dielectric microcavities. Molecules are treated as time-harmonic dipoles. Images are integrated over emission frequencies. Because of the strong refractive properties of the enclosing sphere, the fluorescence image depends on the refractive index of the sphere and the position, the orientation, and the emission frequency of the molecule. When the dipole's emission is at the frequency of a microsphere resonance, the brightest regions in the images appear to originate from outside the sphere for some dipole positions. This type of calculation should help in interpreting images of molecules in microspheres. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(99)03911-9]. C1 USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. TRW Inc, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. Polytech Univ, Microparticle Photophys Lab, Brooklyn, NY 11021 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hill, SC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, 2800 Powder Mill Rd, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1868 EP 1873 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.16.001868 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 252TV UT WOS:000083519100004 ER PT J AU Di Rosa, MD Farrow, RL AF Di Rosa, MD Farrow, RL TI Two-photon excitation cross section of the B <- X(0,0) band of CO measured by direct absorption SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; STIMULATED-EMISSION; COMBUSTION GASES; ATOMIC OXYGEN; SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION; FLAME; TRANSITION AB We report new measurements of the two-photon absorption rate in the B X(0,0) band of CO, as determined from absorption spectra obtained with Fourier-transform-limited pulses of well-characterized spatial profile. By comparing measured absorption spectra of the CO Q branch near 230 nm with a nonlinear model for the pulse attenuation, we derive the spectrally integrated cross section sigma(0)((2)). The space- and time-dependent model considers two-photon absorption followed by one-photon photoionization of the excited state. The Q-branch spectral profile is simulated with previously measured coefficients of collisional broadening and shift. Remarkably, for modest irradiances of 80-350 MW/cm(2) at the focus, attenuations of 10% and greater at the Q-branch peak were observed in a single pass through neat CO at pressures of 12-33 kPa. Our result for the spectrally integrated cross section, averaged over five experiments, is sigma(0)((2)) = (1.5 + 0.7/-0.2) x 10(-35) cm(4). (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(99)01511-8]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Farrow, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, MS 9055,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1988 EP 1994 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.16.001988 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 252TV UT WOS:000083519100018 ER PT J AU Omenetto, FG Luce, BP Taylor, AJ AF Omenetto, FG Luce, BP Taylor, AJ TI Genetic algorithm pulse shaping for optimum femtosecond propagation in optical fibers SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; COMPRESSION AB We demonstrate, through simulation, an optimization method based on genetic algorithms applied to propagation of ultrashort (femtosecond) pulses in single-mode optical fibers. The algorithm employs a feedback loop that acts on a pulse shaper (spectral amplitude filter) in response to a fitness function based on the output pulse. The system evolves toward an optimum filter configuration that, in contrast to unfiltered pulse propagation, when it is applied to shape the input pulse permits successful transmission of the pulse without loss of intensity or pulse width. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(99)03311-1]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Omenetto, FG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS K764, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2005 EP 2009 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.16.002005 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 252TV UT WOS:000083519100021 ER PT J AU Hegarty, SP Huyet, G Porta, P McInerney, JG Choquette, KD Geib, KM Hou, HQ AF Hegarty, SP Huyet, G Porta, P McInerney, JG Choquette, KD Geib, KM Hou, HQ TI Transverse-mode structure and pattern formation in oxide-confined vertical-cavity semiconductor lasers SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; SPATIOTEMPORAL INSTABILITIES; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; THRESHOLD; DYNAMICS; POLARIZATION; CO2-LASER; VORTICES; DIODES; CHAOS AB We analyze the transverse profiles of oxide-confined vertical-cavity laser diodes as a function of aperture size. For small apertures we demonstrate that thermal lensing can be the dominant effect in determining the transverse resonator properties. me also analyze pattern formation in lasers with large apertures where we observe the appearance of tilted waves. (C) 1999 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(99)00611-6]. C1 Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Phys, Cork, Ireland. Univ Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. Sandia Natl Labs, Photon Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hegarty, SP (reprint author), Corning Inc, Photon Technol Div, Opt Assemblies Dev, Corning, NY 14831 USA. RI Porta, Pierpaolo/B-6245-2008 NR 43 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2060 EP 2071 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.16.002060 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 252TV UT WOS:000083519100029 ER PT J AU Nakao, H Nishi, M Fujii, Y Masuda, T Tsukada, I Uchinokura, K Hirota, K Shirane, G AF Nakao, H Nishi, M Fujii, Y Masuda, T Tsukada, I Uchinokura, K Hirota, K Shirane, G TI Neutron scattering study of temperature-concentration phase diagram of (Cu1-xMgx)GeO3 SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE (Cu1-xMgx)GeO3; spin-Peierls transition; antiferromagnetic transition; phase diagram; neutron scattering ID SPIN-PEIERLS SYSTEMS; LONG-RANGE ORDER; SI-DOPED CUGEO3; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC PHASES; TRANSITION; CUGE1-XSIXO3; FLUCTUATIONS; CU1-XZNXGEO3 AB Recently Masuda et al. found a compositional phase boundary between tno antiferromagnetic (AF) phases by magnetic susceptibility measurements; one has both the lattice dimerization and the AF long-range order and the other has only the AF long range order. To clarify the nature of two phases, we performed neutron-scattering measurements on (Cu1-xMgx)GeO3 single crystals with various x. We mapped out the profile parameters of AF as well as spin-Peierls (SP) peaks as a function of doping concentration x at several fixed temperature points, and found that tie order parameters suddenly changes at x(c) = 0.027 +/- 0.001, which is slightly different from the previously reported value, 0.023. At a finite temperature below T-N, the AF moment drastically increases at x(c). Although the SP order parameter delta associated with lattice dimerization shows a precipitous decrease at x(c), it goes to zero only at the low temperature limit above x(c). C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Scattering Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Nakao, H (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Photon Factory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM hironori.nakao@kek.jp RI Hirota, Kazuma/C-6797-2008 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU PHYSICAL SOCIETY JAPAN PI TOKYO PA KIKAI-SHINKO BUILDING, 3-5-8 SHIBA-KOEN, MINATO-KU, TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 68 IS 11 BP 3662 EP 3667 DI 10.1143/JPSJ.68.3662 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 259HU UT WOS:000083889100031 ER PT J AU Donaldson, L Fordyce, C Gilliland, F Smith, A Feddersen, R Joste, N Moyzis, R Griffith, J AF Donaldson, L Fordyce, C Gilliland, F Smith, A Feddersen, R Joste, N Moyzis, R Griffith, J TI Association between outcome and telomere DNA content in prostate cancer SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE metastasis; outcome; prognosis; prostate cancer; recurrence; telomere ID INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; IMMORTAL CELLS; HUMAN TISSUES; LENGTH; REDUCTION; EVOLUTION AB Purpose: To perform an initial retrospective investigation of the relationship between outcome in patients with organ confined prostate adenocarcinoma and the tumor cells' content of telomere DNA, Materials and Methods: The case-controlled study group was composed of eighteen men diagnosed with prostatic adenocarcinoma prior to 1993. The group was selected so that approximately one half died within ten years of diagnosis and one half survived ten years or longer. Archival, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue was recovered for each patient. DNA was extracted from newly cut sections, fixed to nylon membranes and hybridized with P-32-labeled centromere-and telomere-specific probes. Telomere DNA contents were quantitated from the hybridized radioactivities, The relationships between telomere DNA content and survival, and telomere DNA content and disease recurrence in men receiving prostatectomies were determined. Results: Death. and disease recurrence were associated with reduced telomere DNA content (p <0.0001, p <0.0001, respectively). Conclusions: Telomere DNA content may differentiate high-risk patients with metastatic prostate cancer from men with indolent disease who can be spared the unnecessary side effects and expense of treatment by management with "watchful waiting." C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Griffith, J (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 162 IS 5 BP 1788 EP 1792 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)68239-0 PG 5 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 243MQ UT WOS:000083002200078 PM 10524936 ER PT J AU Hebner, GA Blain, MG Hamilton, TW Nichols, CA Jarecki, RL AF Hebner, GA Blain, MG Hamilton, TW Nichols, CA Jarecki, RL TI Surface dependent electron and negative ion density in inductively coupled discharges SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID PLASMAS AB Electron and negative ion density have been measured in a modified Applied Materials decoupled plasma source commercial metal etch chamber using gas mixtures of BCl3, Cl-2 and Ar. Measurements were performed for four different substrate types to examine the influence of surface material on the bulk plasma properties: aluminum, alumina, photoresist, and 50% patterned aluminum/photoresist. Electron densities in the Cl-2/BCl3 mixtures varied from 0.25 to 4 X 10(11) cm(-3). Photodetachment measurements of the negative ion density indicate that the negative ion density was smaller than the electron density and that the electron to negative ion density ratio varied between 1 and 6. The presence of photoresist had a dominant influence on the electron and negative ion density compared to alumina and aluminum surfaces. In most cases, the electron density above wafers covered with photoresist was a factor of 2 lower, while the negative ion density was a factor of 2 higher than the aluminum or alumina surfaces. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(99)01006-4]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hebner, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 3172 EP 3178 DI 10.1116/1.582040 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 257NP UT WOS:000083788400003 ER PT J AU Woodworth, JR Blain, MG Jarecki, RL Hamilton, TW Aragon, BP AF Woodworth, JR Blain, MG Jarecki, RL Hamilton, TW Aragon, BP TI Absolute intensities of the vacuum ultraviolet spectra in a metal-etch plasma processing discharge SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; CHARGING DAMAGE; GATE OXIDES; VUV PHOTONS; X-RAY; SIO2; ION; MECHANISM; SILICON; ENERGY AB In this article we report absolute intensities of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and near ultraviolet emission lines (4.8-18 eV) for discharges used to etch aluminum in a commercial inductively coupled plasma reactor. We report line intensities as functions of wafer type, pressure, gas mixture, and radio frequency excitation level. In a standard aluminum etching mixture containing Cl-2 and BCl3 almost all the light emitted at energies exceeding 8.8 eV was due to neutral atomic chlorine. Optical trapping of the VUV radiation in the discharge complicates calculations of VUV fluxes to the wafer. However, we measured total photon fluxes to the wafer at energies above 8.8 eV on the order of 4 x 10(14) photons/cm(2)s with a nonreactive wafer and 0.7 X 10(14) photons/cm(2)s with a reactive wafer. The majority of the radiation was between 8.9 and 9.3 eV. At these energies, the photons have enough energy to create electron-hole pairs in SiO2 and may penetrate up to a micron into the SiO2 before being absorbed. Relevance of these measurements to VUV photon-induced damage of SiO2 during etching is discussed. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(99)05306-3]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Woodworth, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 42 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 3209 EP 3217 DI 10.1116/1.582044 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 257NP UT WOS:000083788400008 ER PT J AU Hebner, GA Blain, MG Hamilton, TW AF Hebner, GA Blain, MG Hamilton, TW TI Influence of surface material on the boron chloride density in inductively coupled discharges SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID PLASMAS AB The relative density of BCl radicals has been measured in a modified Applied Materials decoupled plasma source commercial metal etch chamber using laser-induced fluorescence. In plasmas containing mixtures of BCl3 with Cl-2, Ar, and/or N-2, the relative BCl density was measured as a function of source and bias power, pressure, flow rate, BCl3/Cl-2 ratio, and argon addition. To determine the influence of surface materials on the bulk plasma properties, the relative BCl density was measured using four different substrate types; aluminum, alumina, photoresist, and photoresist-patterned aluminum. In most cases, the relative BCl density was highest above photoresist-coated wafers and lowest above blanket aluminum wafers. The BCl density increased with increasing source power and the ratio of BCl3 to Cl-2, while the addition of N-2 to a BCl3/Cl-2, plasma resulted in a decrease in BCl density. The BCl density was relatively insensitive to changes in the other plasma parameters. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(99)04806-X]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hebner, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 3218 EP 3224 DI 10.1116/1.582045 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 257NP UT WOS:000083788400009 ER PT J AU Dinh, LN Frischknecht, KD Schildbach, MA Anklam, T McLean, W AF Dinh, LN Frischknecht, KD Schildbach, MA Anklam, T McLean, W TI Properties of Y2O3 nanocluster films deposited by Cu-vapor laser at room temperature SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID ABLATION; YBA2CU3O7-X; ZRO2; BAO2 AB The dependence of stoichiometry, grain size, and surface morphology of yttrium oxide films, deposited by a Cu-vapor laser at room temperature, as a function of oxygen ambient pressure during synthesis were investigated. Anger electron spectroscopy showed that films with a ON ratio close to stoichiometry were obtained at oxygen pressures >3 X 10(-1) Torr. X-ray diffraction revealed that pulsed laser deposited yttrium oxide films were composed mainly of nanocrystals, the average grain size of which grew from about 9.3 to 22.1 nm as the oxygen pressure was increased from 1.5 X 10(-2) to 5 Torr. The surface morphology of the films, as determined by secondary electron microscopy, also exhibited increasing roughness as the grain size increased. Films deposited in an oxygen background pressure up to 1.5 X 10(-2) Torr were oxygen deficient but exhibited good adhesion to substrates, while those deposited at higher oxygen background were powdery. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(99)03106-1]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dinh, LN (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 3397 EP 3400 DI 10.1116/1.582072 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 257NP UT WOS:000083788400035 ER PT J AU Herdt, GC Czanderna, AW AF Herdt, GC Czanderna, AW TI Metal overlayers on organic functional groups of self-assembled monolayers: VIII. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the Ni/COOH interface SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article AB The interaction of vacuum deposited Ni with the COOH organic functional groups of mercaptoundecanoic acid [HS(CH2)(10)COOH] self-assembled monolayers formed on an ALL substrate has been characterized with in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Steady loss and complete disappearance of the hydroxyl component of O Is peak at 532.8 eV provides evidence for the formation of a Ni-O bond at the Ni/COOH interface. Further evidence for interfacial compound formation is provided by a binding energy shift in the high binding energy component of the Ni 2p(3/2) peak from 854.8 to 854.4 eV for Ni coverages below similar to 0.2 nm. These results are consistent with the donation of electrons from the deposited Ni to the COOH oxygens at low Ni coverages. The absence of the characteristic satellite feature in the Ni 2p peak excludes the possibility that a full electron charge is donated to each COOH organic functional group as a bidentate complex. However, the data are consistent with a two step reaction mechanism in which Ni initially reacts weakly with the oxygens in COOH below one monolayer coverage and then forms a complex above this coverage. [S0734-2101(99)03606-4]. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Herdt, GC (reprint author), Micron Technol Inc, 8000 S Fed Way, Boise, ID 83707 USA. NR 8 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 3415 EP 3418 DI 10.1116/1.582075 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 257NP UT WOS:000083788400038 ER PT J AU Seager, CH Tallant, DR Shea, L Zavadil, KR Gnade, B Holloway, PH Bang, JS Zhang, XM Vecht, A Gibbons, CS Trwoga, P Summers, C Wagner, B Penczek, J AF Seager, CH Tallant, DR Shea, L Zavadil, KR Gnade, B Holloway, PH Bang, JS Zhang, XM Vecht, A Gibbons, CS Trwoga, P Summers, C Wagner, B Penczek, J TI Influence of vacuum environment on the aging of phosphors at low electron energies SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-FILMS; DIAMOND; SPECTRA AB Screened samples of two different commercial phosphors were aged at 1.5 keV under nominally identical conditions in five different vacuum systems. After aging to doses of similar to 5 C/cm(2) the changes in cathodoluminescence (CL) spectral output and photoluminescence properties were determined, and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger analyses were performed. We observed that while the CL degradation was similar for all systems at low electron doses, the aging rates diverged at high doses, suggesting an increasing importance of the vacuum environment. Post-aged CL spectra showed distinct redshifts in all cases, and the most heavily degraded samples displayed XPS-determined increases in surface carbon levels. The data suggest an extrinsic CL aging mechanism; a model involving the conversion of surface hydrocarbons to a metallic graphite phase agrees with the data. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(99)04006-3]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. DARPA, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ N Texas, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Greenwich, London SE9 2PQ, England. Georgia Tech Univ, Phosphor Technol Ctr Excellence, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Seager, CH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Gnade, Bruce/C-2327-2008 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 3509 EP 3515 DI 10.1116/1.582032 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 257NP UT WOS:000083788400055 ER PT J AU Yi, GC Eres, G Lowndes, DH AF Yi, GC Eres, G Lowndes, DH TI Direct epitaxial growth of submicron-patterned SiC structures on Si(001) SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; MICROSCOPE; NITRIDE AB We report on the direct epitaxial growth of submicron-patterned SiC structures on Si(001) substrates using supersonic molecular jet epitaxy and resistless e-beam lithography. Prior to SiC film growth, an electron beam was scanned on hydrogen-passivated Si substrates in order to produce silicon oxide lines with widths greater than or equal to 60 nm. The SiC nucleation and growth rates were significantly reduced on the oxidized regions during the subsequent supersonic jet epitaxial growth of SiC, which yielded epitaxial, submicron-patterned SiC films. The, effects of the growth temperature and e-beam dose on the SiC growth and pattern linewidth are discussed. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)00906-3]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RP Yi, GC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Yi, Gyu-Chul/F-1326-2011; Eres, Gyula/C-4656-2017 OI Eres, Gyula/0000-0003-2690-5214 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 2600 EP 2602 DI 10.1116/1.591029 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800034 ER PT J AU Keidar, M Brown, IG AF Keidar, M Brown, IG TI Sheath expansion in a drifting, nonuniform plasma SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID IMMERSION ION-IMPLANTATION; VACUUM-ARC; SURFACE MODIFICATION; DEPOSITION AB A model is proposed for the sheath expansion into a nonuniform plasma with substantial drift velocity. We refer in particular to the streaming metal plasma produced by a vacuum are discharge; this kind of plasma is characterized by its spatial nonuniformity and high ion drift velocity. It is shown that for a nonuniform plasma and high substrate bias voltage (>10 kV), the sheath thickness is significantly smaller than in a uniform plasma. High drift velocity also leads to a decrease in sheath thickness. For plasma immersion ion implantation carried out in a nonuniform plasma, the increase in ion implantation current with increasing voltage is different from that of a uniform plasma where the ion current is constant with voltage. This effect was found to be quantitative agreement with experiment. The decrease in sheath thickness with increasing plasma drift velocity can explain qualitatively the experimentally observed existence of a stable high-voltage sheath for a relatively long time. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)01106-3]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Keidar, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 2648 EP 2650 DI 10.1116/1.591040 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800042 ER PT J AU Zubrzycki, WJ Vawter, GA Wendt, JR AF Zubrzycki, WJ Vawter, GA Wendt, JR TI High-aspect-ratio nanophotonic components fabricated by Cl-2 reactive ion beam etching SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP Appl Mat, Bell Labs Lucent Technologies, Etec Syst, IBM TJ Watson Res Lab, Intel Technol & Mfg Grp, Plasma Therm, Int SEMATECH ID MOLECULAR CHLORINE; GAAS AB We describe highly anisotropic reactive ion beam etching of nanophotonic structures in AlGaAs based on the ion beam divergence angle and chamber pressure. The divergence angle is shown to influence the shape of the upper portion of the etch while the chamber pressure controls the shape of the lower portion. Deeply etched distributed Bragg reflectors are etched to an aspect ratio of 8:1 with 100 nm trench widths. The profile of the grating etch is straight with smooth sidewalls, flat bottoms, and squared corners. Two-dimensional photonic crystal post arrays are fabricated with smooth and vertical sidewalls, with structures as Small as 180 nm in diameter and 2.0 mu m in height. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)12706-9]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Zubrzycki, WJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 2740 EP 2744 DI 10.1116/1.591055 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800061 ER PT J AU Leung, KN AF Leung, KN TI Plasma sources for electrons and ion beams SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP Appl Mat, Bell Labs Lucent Technologies, Etec Syst, IBM TJ Watson Res Lab, Intel Technol & Mfg Grp, Plasma Therm, Int SEMATECH ID MULTICUSP SOURCES; LITHOGRAPHY AB Plasma devices are commonly used for the production of ion beams. It has been demonstrated that the multicusp, generator can produce very low energy ion beams for ion projection lithography applications. The multicusp source has also found important applications in focused ion beam systems. With its high and uniform plasma density, attempts have been made to extract high brightness electron beams from this type of plasma source, making it also useful for electron beam lithography applications. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)0550617]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Leung, KN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 2776 EP 2778 DI 10.1116/1.591063 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800069 ER PT J AU Ngo, VV Barletta, W Gough, R Lee, Y Leung, KN Zahir, N Patterson, D AF Ngo, VV Barletta, W Gough, R Lee, Y Leung, KN Zahir, N Patterson, D TI Maskless micro-ion-beam reduction lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL MARCO ISL, FL SP Appl Mat, Bell Labs Lucent Technologies, Etec Syst, IBM TJ Watson Res Lab, Intel Technol & Mfg Grp, Plasma Therm, Int SEMATECH AB An ion projection lithography (IPL) technique called maskless micro-ion-beam reduction lithography (MMRL) is being studied for future dynamic random access memory and microprocessors manufacturing. In addition to minimum feature sizes of 50 nm or less required of next generation lithography, this MMRL system is proposed to completely eliminate the first stage of the conventional IPL system that contains the complicated beam optics design in front of the stencil mask and the mask itself. Its main components consist of a multi-cusp, rf plasma generator, a multi-beamlet extraction system, and an accelerator column for beam reduction. The viability of this MMRL system hinges upon the successful development of these components, most importantly the proposed all-electrostatic accelerator column. This article describes the different components of the MMRL system and its ion optics. Computational results of beam demagnification and optics optimization are also presented along with design progress of the prototype MMRL system. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)12606-4]. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. DARPA, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS 5-121, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM csvvngo@nuc.berkeley.edu NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 2783 EP 2790 DI 10.1116/1.591065 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800071 ER PT J AU Cardinale, GF Henderson, CC Goldsmith, JEM Mangat, PJS Cobb, J Hector, SD AF Cardinale, GF Henderson, CC Goldsmith, JEM Mangat, PJS Cobb, J Hector, SD TI Demonstration of pattern transfer into sub-100 nm polysilicon line/space features patterned with extreme ultraviolet lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP Appl Mat, Bell Labs Lucent Technologies, Etec Syst, IBM TJ Watson Res Lab, Intel Technol & Mfg Grp, Plasma Therm, Int SEMATECH ID RAY PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY; RESISTS; FILMS AB In two separate experiments, we have successfully demonstrated the transfer of dense- and loose-pitch line/space (L/S) photoresist features, patterned with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, into an underlying hard mask material. In both experiments, a deep-UV photoresist (similar to 90 nm thick) was spin cast in bilayer format onto ii hard mask (50-90 nm thick) and was subsequently exposed to EW radiation using a 10 x reduction EUV exposure system. The EUV reticle was fabricated at Motorola (Tempe, AZ) using a subtractive process with Ta-based absorbers on Mo/Si multilayer mask blanks. Tn the first set of experiments, following the EUV exposures, the L/S patterns were transferred first into a SiO2 hard mask (60 nm thick) using a reactive ion etch (RIE), and then into polysilicon (350 nm thick) using a triode-coupled plasma RTE etcher at the University of California, Berkeley, microfabrication facilities. The latter etch process, which produced steep (>85 degrees) sidewalls, employed a HBr/Cl chemistry with a large (>10:1) etch selectivity of polysilicon to silicon dioxide. In the second set of experiments, hard mask films of SiON (50 nm thick) and SiO2 (87 nn thick) were used. A RIE was performed at Motorola using a halogen gas chemistry that resulted in a hard mask-to-photoresist etch selectivity >3:1 and sidewall profile angles greater than or equal to 85 degrees. Line edge roughness (LER) and linewidth critical dimension (CD) measurements were performed using Sandia's GORA(R) CD digital image analysis software. Low LER values (6-9 nm, 3 sigma, one side) and good CD linearity (better than 10%) were demonstrated for the final patttern-transferred dense polysilicon L/S features from 80 to 175 nm. In addition, pattern transfer (into polysilicon) of loose-pitch (1:2) L/S features with CDs greater than or equal to 60 nm was demonstrated. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)14906-0]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Motorola Inc, Adv Prod Res & Dev Lab, Austin, TX 78721 USA. RP Cardinale, GF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 2970 EP 2974 DI 10.1116/1.590936 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800111 ER PT J AU Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Bokor, J AF Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Bokor, J TI Extreme ultraviolet interferometric measurements of diffraction-limited optics SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP Appl Mat, Bell Labs Lucent Technologies, Etec Syst, IBM TJ Watson Res Lab, Intel Technol & Mfg Grp, Plasma Therm, Int SEMATECH ID ACCURACY AB At-wavelength interferometric measurements of recently fabricated extreme ultraviolet (EUV) microstepper projection optics have revealed the highest performance for prototype EUV lithographic systems observed to date. The phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer is used to measure and align these two-mirror, multilayer-coated Schwarzschild optical systems designed with a numerical aperture of 0.088 and, operating at 13.4 nm wavelength. Root-mean-square wave front error magnitudes as small. as 0.60 nm have been achieved, actually exceeding the design tolerance set or these objectives. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)06106-5]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goldberg, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 2982 EP 2986 DI 10.1116/1.590939 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800114 ER PT J AU Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Gullikson, EM Bokor, J AF Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Gullikson, EM Bokor, J TI Interferometric at-wavelength flare characterization of extreme ultraviolet optical systems SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP Appl Mat, Bell Labs Lucent Technologies, Etec Syst, IBM TJ Watson Res Lab, Intel Technol & Mfg Grp, Plasma Therm, Int SEMATECH ID ACCURACY AB The extreme ultraviolet (EUV) phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS/PDI) has recently been developed to provide the high-accuracy wave-front characterization critical to the development of EUV lithography systems. Here we describe an enhanced implementation of the PS/PDI that significantly extends its measurement bandwidth. The enhanced PS/PDI is capable of simultaneously characterizing both wave front and flare. PS/PDI-based flare characterization of a recently fabricated EUV 10X-reduction lithographic optical system is presented. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)09206-9]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 2987 EP 2991 DI 10.1116/1.590940 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800115 ER PT J AU Spector, SJ White, DL Tennant, DM Ocola, LE Novembre, AE Peabody, ML Wood, OR AF Spector, SJ White, DL Tennant, DM Ocola, LE Novembre, AE Peabody, ML Wood, OR TI Technique for rapid at-wavelength inspection of extreme ultraviolet mask blanks SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP Appl Mat, Bell Labs Lucent Technologies, Etec Syst, IBM TJ Watson Res Lab, Intel Technol & Mfg Grp, Plasma Therm, Int SEMATECH ID RAY HOLOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPY; LITHOGRAPHY; DEFECTS AB We have developed two new methods for at-wavelength inspection of mask blanks for extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. In one method an EUV photoresist is applied directly to a mask blank which is then flood exposed with EUV light and partially developed. In the second method, the photoresist is applied to an EUV transparent membrane that is placed in close proximity to the mask and then exposed and developed. Both reflectivity defects and phase defects alter the exposure of the resist, resulting in mounds of resist at defect sites that can then be located by visual inspection. In the direct application method, a higher contrast resist was shown to increase the height of the mounds, thereby improving the sensitivity of the technique. In the membrane method, a holographic technique was used to reconstruct an image of the mask, revealing the presence of very small defects, approximately 0.2 mu m in size. The demonstrated clean transfer of phase and amplitude defects to resist features on a membrane will be important when flagging defects in an automatic inspection tool. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)13406-1]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA. RP Spector, SJ (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 3003 EP 3008 DI 10.1116/1.590943 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800118 ER PT J AU Jeong, ST Johnson, L Rekawa, S Walton, CC Prisbrey, ST Tejnil, E Underwood, JH Bokor, J AF Jeong, ST Johnson, L Rekawa, S Walton, CC Prisbrey, ST Tejnil, E Underwood, JH Bokor, J TI Actinic detection of sub-100 nm defects on extreme ultraviolet lithography mask blanks SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP Appl Mat, Bell Labs Lucent Technologies, Etec Syst, IBM TJ Watson Res Lab, Intel Technol & Mfg Grp, Plasma Therm, Int SEMATECH AB We present recent experimental results from a prototype actinic (operates at the 13 nm extreme ultraviolet wavelength) defect inspection system for extreme ultraviolet lithography mask blanks. The defect sensitivity of the current actinic inspection system is shown to reach 100 nm in experiments with programmed defects. A method to cross register and cross correlate between the actinic inspection system and a commercial visible-light scattering defect inspection system is also demonstrated. Thus, random, native defects identified using the visible-light tool can reliably be found and scanned by our actinic teal. We found that native defects as small as 86 nm (as classified by the visible-light tool) were detectable by the actinic tool. These results demonstrate the capability of this tool for independent defect counting experiments. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)10906-5]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept EECS, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jeong, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Johnson, Lewis/G-1519-2013; Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 3009 EP 3013 DI 10.1116/1.590944 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800119 ER PT J AU Pu, NW Bokor, J Jeong, ST Zhao, RA AF Pu, NW Bokor, J Jeong, ST Zhao, RA TI Nondestructive picosecond-ultrasonic characterization of Mo/Si extreme ultraviolet multilayer reflection coatings SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP Appl Mat, Bell Labs Lucent Technologies, Etec Syst, IBM TJ Watson Res Lab, Intel Technol & Mfg Grp, Plasma Therm, Int SEMATECH AB We have used noncontact, nondestructive picosecond-ultrasonic techniques to characterize Mo/Si multilayer reflection coatings for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. Using our alternating-pump technique; we successfully excited and detected the two lowest frequency localized acoustic-phonon surface modes. By measuring their vibration frequencies simultaneously, we can extract the two key parameters for EUV reflector performance: d (bilayer thickness) and Gamma (thickness ratio of Mo layer to the bilayer) of the Mo/Si multilayers. To demonstrate the utility of this technique, we measured the surface-mode frequencies and extracted the values of d and Gamma for six mirrors. Good agreement with the results of at-wavelength EUV reflectometry was found. Damage to coatings caused by the pump and probe laser beams was also studied, and found to be negligible given our data-acquisition time. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)10806-0]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Pu, NW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 3014 EP 3018 DI 10.1116/1.590945 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800120 ER PT J AU Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Cardinale, G Fisher, A Yan, PY Sweeney, DW AF Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Cardinale, G Fisher, A Yan, PY Sweeney, DW TI Method for compensation of extreme-ultraviolet multilayer defects SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP Appl Mat, Bell Labs Lucent Technologies, Etec Syst, IBM TJ Watson Res Lab, Intel Technol & Mfg Grp, Plasma Therm, Int SEMATECH AB We propose the use of optical proximity correction on absorber features to compensate for the effect of subresolution multilayer defects that would otherwise induce a critical error in linewidth. Initial experiments have been performed which validate this concept. Process window simulations quantify the practical limits of this technique. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)19806-8]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ray-Chaudhuri, AK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 3024 EP 3028 DI 10.1116/1.590947 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800122 ER PT J AU Mangat, PJS Hector, SD Thompson, MA Dauksher, WJ Cobb, J Cummings, KD Mancini, DP Resnick, DJ Cardinale, G Henderson, C Kearney, P Wedowski, M AF Mangat, PJS Hector, SD Thompson, MA Dauksher, WJ Cobb, J Cummings, KD Mancini, DP Resnick, DJ Cardinale, G Henderson, C Kearney, P Wedowski, M TI Extreme ultraviolet lithography mask patterning and printability studies with a Ta-based absorber SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP Appl Mat, Bell Labs Lucent Technologies, Etec Syst, IBM TJ Watson Res Lab, Intel Technol & Mfg Grp, Plasma Therm, Int SEMATECH ID EUV LITHOGRAPHY; STRESS; SCATTERING AB Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography masks were fabricated using a stack of TaSi or TaSiN (absorber), SiON (repair buffer), and Cr (conductive etch stop) on a Mo/Si multilayer mirror deposited on a Si wafer. High-resolution structures were exposed using a commercial i-line resist, and the pattern was transferred using both electron cyclotron resonance and reactive ion etching with halogen-based gases. Process temperatures to fabricate these reticles were always maintained below 150 degrees C. EUV properties after patterning were measured using a synchrotron source reflectometer. Completed masks exhibited a negligible shift in the peak wavelength and less than 2% loss in reflectivity due to processing. Qualified masks were exposed with a 10x EUV exposure system. The exposures were made in 80-nm-thick DUV resist and with numerical apertures (NA) of 0.08, 0.088, and 0.1. Resolution down to 70 nm equal lines and spaces was achieved at a NA of 0.1. Line edge roughness in the resist features was 5.5 nm (3 sigma, one side), and the depth of focus for +/-10% CD control was +/-1 mu m for 100 nm equal lines and spaces. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)07706-9]. C1 Motorola Inc, Adv Prod Res & Dev Lab, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Motorola Inc, Phys Sci Res Labs, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mangat, PJS (reprint author), Motorola Inc, Adv Prod Res & Dev Lab, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 3029 EP 3033 DI 10.1116/1.590948 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800123 ER PT J AU Spence, PA Gianoulakis, SE Moen, CD Kanouff, MP Fisher, A Ray-Chaudhuri, AK AF Spence, PA Gianoulakis, SE Moen, CD Kanouff, MP Fisher, A Ray-Chaudhuri, AK TI System performance modeling of extreme ultraviolet lithographic thermal issues SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP Appl Mat, Bell Labs Lucent Technologies, Etec Syst, IBM TJ Watson Res Lab, Intel Technol & Mfg Grp, Plasma Therm, Int SEMATECH AB Numerical simulation is used in the development of an extreme ultraviolet lithography Engineering Test. Stand. Extensive modeling was applied to predict the impact: of thermal loads on key lithographic parameters such as image placement error, focal shift, and loss of CD control. We show that thermal issues can be. effectively managed to ensure that their impact on lithographic performance is maintained within design error budgets. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)11706-2]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Spence, PA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 3034 EP 3038 DI 10.1116/1.590949 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800124 ER PT J AU Bruenger, WH Torkler, M Weiss, M Loschner, H Leung, K Lee, Y Hudek, P Rangelow, IW Stangl, G Fallmann, W AF Bruenger, WH Torkler, M Weiss, M Loschner, H Leung, K Lee, Y Hudek, P Rangelow, IW Stangl, G Fallmann, W TI Minimum ion-beam exposure-dose determination for chemically amplified resist from printed dot matrices SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP Appl Mat, Bell Labs Lucent Technologies, Etec Syst, IBM TJ Watson Res Lab, Intel Technol & Mfg Grp, Plasma Therm, Int SEMATECH AB Matrices of 90 nm dots have been printed into high-sensitivity positive resist (UVII HS, Shipley) with an ion projection system (IMS Vienna) to investigate the influence of shot noise on the printing probability of dots. Dot defect probability increases with diminishing ion dose following a Poisson distribution which demonstrates that shot noise is the dominating effect. The minimum ion numbers per dot to generate 50% defect probability are N-crit = 115 for standard resist treatment. This corresponds to N = 165 for smaller defect probabilities of 10(-4). Resist sensitivity was decreased with postexposure bake temperatures of 110 degrees C instead of 140 degrees C to improve the resolution capability of the resist. Under these conditions, and an additional resist top mat, N-crit = 130 ions per dot have been measured. The article demonstrates that ion projection lithography is not limited by shot noise at minimum resolution elements of 90 nm diam. The corresponding exposure doses are 0.3 mu C/cm(2). (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)19406-X]. C1 Fraunhofer Inst ISiT, D-25524 Itzehoe, Germany. IMS Ionen Mikrofabrikat Syst, Vienna, Austria. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Comp Syst, Bratislava, Slovakia. Univ Kassel, Phys Tech Inst, D-3500 Kassel, Germany. Tech Univ Vienna, Erwin Schrodinger Inst Lithog Res, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. RP Bruenger, WH (reprint author), Fraunhofer Inst ISiT, D-25524 Itzehoe, Germany. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 3119 EP 3121 DI 10.1116/1.590964 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800140 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, J Bokor, J Anderson, E AF Kedzierski, J Bokor, J Anderson, E TI Novel method for silicon quantum wire transistor fabrication SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP Appl Mat, Bell Labs Lucent Technologies, Etec Syst, IBM TJ Watson Res Lab, Intel Technol & Mfg Grp, Plasma Therm, Int SEMATECH ID SELF-LIMITING OXIDATION; NANOWIRES AB Local stress-limited oxidation was used to fabricate silicon quantum wire transistors with a channel diameter of 5 nm. The oxidation of source and drain regions was prevented with a silicon nitride diffusion barrier. A novel wraparound gate was used to improve the gate control of the potential in the channel. The electrical properties of these devices were investigated at room temperature. Ideal subthreshold behavior, with the subthreshold swing equal to 60.3 mV/dec, was observed. (C) 1999 American Vacuum society. [S0734-211X(99)16906-3]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kedzierski, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 9 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 3244 EP 3247 DI 10.1116/1.590989 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800165 ER PT J AU Wendt, JR Warren, ME Sweatt, WC Bailey, CG Matzke, CM Arnold, DW Allerman, AA Carter, TR Asbill, RE Samora, S AF Wendt, JR Warren, ME Sweatt, WC Bailey, CG Matzke, CM Arnold, DW Allerman, AA Carter, TR Asbill, RE Samora, S TI Fabrication of high performance microlenses for an integrated capillary channel electrochromatograph with fluorescence detection SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP Appl Mat, Bell Labs Lucent Technologies, Etec Syst, IBM TJ Watson Res Lab, Intel Technol & Mfg Grp, Plasma Therm, Int SEMATECH ID SYSTEMS; ELECTROPHORESIS; SEPARATIONS; TECHNOLOGY; CHIPS; DNA AB We describe the microfabrication of an extremely compact optical system as a key element in an integrated capillary channel electrochromatograph with fluorescence detection. The optical system consists of a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), two high performance microlenses, and a commercial photodetector. The microlenses are multilevel diffractive optics patterned by electron beam lithography and etched by reactive ion etching in fused silica. The design uses substrate-mode propagation within the fused silica substrate. Two generations of optical subsystems are described. The first generation design has a 6 mm optical length and is integrated directly onto the capillary channel-containing substrate. The second generation design separates the optical system onto its own substrate module and the optical path length is further compressed to 3.5 mm. The first generation design has been tested using direct fluorescence detection with a 750 nm VCSEL pumping a 10(-4) M solution of CY-7 dye. The observed signal-to-noise ratio of better than 100:1 demonstrates that the background signal from scattered pump light is low despite the compact size of the optical system and is adequate for system sensitivity requirements. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)09706-1]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wendt, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 3252 EP 3255 DI 10.1116/1.590991 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800167 ER PT J AU Brainard, RL Henderson, C Cobb, J Rao, V Mackevich, JF Okoroanyanwu, U Gunn, S Chambers, J Connolly, S AF Brainard, RL Henderson, C Cobb, J Rao, V Mackevich, JF Okoroanyanwu, U Gunn, S Chambers, J Connolly, S TI Comparison of the lithographic properties of positive resists upon exposure to deep- and extreme-ultraviolet radiation SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP Appl Mat, Bell Labs Lucent Technologies, Etec Syst, IBM TJ Watson Res Lab, Intel Technol & Mfg Grp, Plasma Therm, Int SEMATECH ID PLASMA-DEVELOPED RESISTS; X-RAY AB Nineteen chemically amplified ultrathin resists were imaged using exposure to extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) (13.4 nm) and deep-ultraviolet (DUV) (248 nm) radiation. Direct comparisons were made of photospeed, resolution, and line edge roughness (LER). The photospeed of these resists at 248 nm shows a good correlation with photospeed at EUV for three polymer types, but appears independent of photoacid generator type. This result underscores the importance of the polymer in photoacid generation at EUV. Resolution showed poor correlation between DUV and EW. Correlations were made between the line edge roughness of EW-imaged features and unexposed film thickness loss, resist contrast, image log slope (ILS), and LER of resists exposed at DUV. Both contrast and image log slope play important roles in defining LER performance-where the best LER is achieved at high contrast and high ILS. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)20306-X]. C1 Shipley Co Inc, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, EUV LLC, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. AMD Corp, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. RP Brainard, RL (reprint author), Shipley Co Inc, Marlborough, MA 01752 USA. NR 9 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 3384 EP 3389 DI 10.1116/1.591015 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800193 ER PT J AU Carter, DJD Gil, D Menon, R Mondol, MK Smith, HI Anderson, EH AF Carter, DJD Gil, D Menon, R Mondol, MK Smith, HI Anderson, EH TI Maskless, parallel patterning with zone-plate array lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIPBN 99) CY JUN 01-04, 1999 CL MARCO ISL, FLORIDA SP Appl Mat, Bell Labs Lucent Technologies, Etec Syst, IBM TJ Watson Res Lab, Intel Technol & Mfg Grp, Plasma Therm, Int SEMATECH ID DIGITAL MICROMIRROR DEVICE AB Zone-plate array lithography (ZPAL) is a maskless lithography scheme that uses an array of shuttered zone plates to print arbitrary patterns on a substrate. An experimental ultraviolet ZPAL system has been constructed and used to simultaneously expose nine different patterns with a 3X3 array of zone plates in a quasidot-matrix fashion. We present exposed patterns, describe the system design and construction, and discuss issues essential to a functional ZPAL system. We also discuss another ZPAL system which operates with 4.5 nm x radiation from a point source. We present simulations which show that, with our existing x-ray zone plates and this system, we should be able to achieve 55 nm resolution. (C) 1999 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-211X(99)03906-2]. C1 MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Carter, DJD (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. OI Mondol, Mark/0000-0002-3031-4890 NR 10 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 17 IS 6 BP 3449 EP 3452 DI 10.1116/1.591028 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 266CJ UT WOS:000084282800206 ER PT J AU Gunthard, HF Frost, SDW Leigh-Brown, AJ Ignacio, CC Kee, K Perelson, AS Spina, CA Havlir, DV Hezareh, M Looney, DJ Richman, DD Wong, JK AF Gunthard, HF Frost, SDW Leigh-Brown, AJ Ignacio, CC Kee, K Perelson, AS Spina, CA Havlir, DV Hezareh, M Looney, DJ Richman, DD Wong, JK TI Evolution of envelope sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in cellular reservoirs in the setting of potent antiviral therapy SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS; TRANSMISSION HISTORY; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HIV-1 INFECTION; VARIABLE DOMAIN; AIDS EPIDEMIC; LYMPH-NODES; V3 LOOP; BLOOD AB In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients treated with potent antiretroviral therapy, the persistence of latently infected cells may reflect the long decay half-life of this cellular reservoir or ongoing viral replication at low levels with continuous replenishment of the population or both. To address these possibilities, sequences encompassing the C2 and V3 domains of HIV-1 env were analyzed from virus present in baseline plasma and from viral isolates obtained after 2 years of suppressive therapy in six patients, The presence of sequence changes consistent with evolution was demonstrated for three subjects and correlated with less complete suppression of viral replication, as indicated by the rapidity of the initial virus load decline or the intermittent reappearance of even low levels of detectable viremia. Together, these results provide evidence for ongoing replication. In the remaining three patients, virus recovered after 2 years of therapy was either genotypically contemporary with or ancestral to virus present in plasma 2 years before, indicating that virus recovery had indeed resulted from activation of latently infected cells. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. San Diego Vet Affairs Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Wong, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Stein Clin Res Bldg 326,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Leigh Brown, Andrew/F-3802-2010; Frost, Simon/F-3648-2010; gunthard, huldrych/F-1724-2011 OI Frost, Simon/0000-0002-5207-9879; gunthard, huldrych/0000-0002-1142-6723 FU NCRR NIH HHS [R01 RR006555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 43752, AI 01361, AI 27670, P30 AI036214, R01 AI043752, R37 AI029164, U01 AI027670, U01 AI038858] NR 54 TC 166 Z9 167 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 73 IS 11 BP 9404 EP 9412 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 244VJ UT WOS:000083071200054 PM 10516049 ER PT J AU Schaack, J Ho, WY Tolman, S Ullyat, E Guo, XL Frank, N Freimuth, PI Roovers, DJ Sussenbach, JS AF Schaack, J Ho, WY Tolman, S Ullyat, E Guo, XL Frank, N Freimuth, PI Roovers, DJ Sussenbach, JS TI Construction and preliminary characterization of a library of "lethal" preterminal protein mutant adenoviruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRECURSOR TERMINAL PROTEIN; DNA-POLYMERASE; NUCLEAR MATRIX; CELL-LINES; RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES; INSERTION MUTAGENESIS; TYPE-5; REPLICATION; EFFICIENT; TRANSCRIPTION AB Adenoviruses containing lethal in-frame insertion mutant alleles of the preterminal protein (pTP) gene were constructed with cell lines that express pTP. Thirty in-frame insertion mutant alleles, including 26 alleles previously characterized as lethal and 4 newly constructed mutant alleles, were introduced into the viral chromosome in place of the wild-type pTP gene. The viruses were tested for ability to form plaques at 37 degrees C in HeLa-pTP cells and at 32 degrees C and 39.5 degrees C in HeLa cells. Two of the newly constructed viruses exhibited temperature sensitivity for plaque formation, one virus did not form plaques in the absence of complementation, seven additional mutants exhibited a greater than 10-fold reduction in plaque formation in the absence of complementation, and another eight mutants exhibited stronger phenotypes than did previously characterized in-frame insertion mutants in the plaque assay. These mutant viruses offer promise for analysis of pTP functions. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Program Mol Biol, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Canc, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Program Biomed Sci, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Clin Res, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Utrecht Hosp, Dept Haematol, NL-3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Physiol Chem Lab, NL-3521 GG Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Schaack, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Box B-175,4200 E 9th Ave, Denver, CO 80262 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL58344]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM42555] NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 73 IS 11 BP 9599 EP 9603 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 244VJ UT WOS:000083071200074 PM 10516069 ER PT J AU Wahba, AB Modro, SM Pasedag, FW Altmann, T AF Wahba, AB Modro, SM Pasedag, FW Altmann, T TI Approaches to decrease environmental impacts of seawater desalination SO KERNTECHNIK LA English DT Article AB Sea water desalination is seen to be the most important source of potable water for the population on islands and coastal regions These are also the regions which will suffer from the environmental impact of increased carbon dioxide emissions. Therefore, carbon dioxide free energy from nuclear power plants should be used for sea water desalination. Both industries, sea water desalination and nuclear power plants, have achieved independently a very high level of operating economics and safety. An example for the technological progress in this area is the new concept developed by Salzgitter Anlagenbau in Germany for a power/water (reverse osmosis) co-generation design with the lowest possible prime energy consumption. As demonstrated in the paper, the energy needed can be taken from the waste heat of the advanced passive nuclear power plant AP 600. The combined plant configuration is able to doublicate the effective use of nuclear heat produced in the AP 600, which leads to a reduction of water and electricity costs Details of safety and economic features of the proposed combined plant are outlined Environmental impacts related to Kyoto and Buenos Aires climate conferences are discussed. C1 INEEL, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. DOE, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. Salzgitter Anlagenbau GMBH, D-38223 Salzgitter, Germany. RP Wahba, AB (reprint author), Hans Schmidmayer Str 21, D-85435 Erding, Germany. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0932-3902 J9 KERNTECHNIK JI Kerntechnik PD NOV PY 1999 VL 64 IS 5-6 BP 300 EP 304 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 363AU UT WOS:000089812200011 ER PT J AU Lukasheva, NV Niemela, S Neelov, IM Darinskii, AA Sundholm, F Cook, R AF Lukasheva, NV Niemela, S Neelov, IM Darinskii, AA Sundholm, F Cook, R TI New conformations and new types of helix sense reversals and defects in the chains of nonchiral poly(alkyl isocyanates). SO MACROMOLECULAR SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article ID OPTICALLY-ACTIVE POLYISOCYANATES; POLY(NORMAL-ALKYL ISOCYANATES) AB Molecular mechanics studies of helix sense reversals and defects of the regularity in the helices of the same sense in the chains of poly(alkyl isocyanates) were performed. The effect of medium was studied by using different values of the dielectric constant. Additionally to the reversals between the helix mirror images (MI) considered in the literature new types of reversals have been investigated. These reversals connect the helices having backbone torsion angles not only with opposite signs but also with inverse angle values (MII). For the MI reversals we report in addition to the small angle break conformations known from literature the discovery of new conformations of similar energy but with large angle breaks. Large angle reversals can be responsible for up to 50% of the chain persistence length in non-polar solvents. In vacuum MII reversals and defects have energies higher than MI reversals because of the strong electrostatic repulsion. At epsilon =3.5 some defects have energy even lower that that of MI reversals. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Macromol Cpds, St Petersburg 199004, Russia. Univ Helsinki, Dept Polymer Chem, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Lukasheva, NV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Macromol Cpds, Bolshoy Pr 31, St Petersburg 199004, Russia. RI Neelov, Igor/M-5338-2014; OI Neelov, Igor/0000-0002-5930-9892; Неелов, Игорь/0000-0003-4187-6810 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1022-1360 J9 MACROMOL SYMP JI Macromol. Symp. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 146 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1002/masy.19991460134 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 288CM UT WOS:000085544300033 ER PT J AU Somorjai, G AF Somorjai, G TI From surface materials to surface technologies (review) SO MAGYAR KEMIAI FOLYOIRAT LA Hungarian DT Article ID SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; COADSORBATE-INDUCED COMPRESSION; ENERGY-ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; 2ND HARMONIC-GENERATION; HIGH-PRESSURES; IN-SITU; CATALYTIC REACTIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; PT(111) AB In this paper the author gives a survey of the most important results of his extensive studies over the past thirty-two years concerning the correlations between macroscopic surface phenomena and molecular level behaviour of surfaces. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MAGYAR KEMIA FOLYOIRAT PI BUDAPEST PA SZERKESZTOSEGE GELLERT TER 4, 1111 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SN 0025-0155 J9 MAGY KEM FOLY JI Magy. Kem. Foly. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 105 IS 11 BP 429 EP 453 PG 25 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 269WG UT WOS:000084500100001 ER PT J AU Her, CT Wu, XL Wan, W Doggett, NA AF Her, CT Wu, XL Wan, W Doggett, NA TI Identification and characterization of the mouse MutS homolog 5: Msh5 SO MAMMALIAN GENOME LA English DT Article ID MISMATCH REPAIR GENE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; CHROMOSOMAL LOCALIZATION; CROSSING-OVER; CANCER; MUTATIONS; MEIOSIS; CLONING; CELLS AB We have identified and characterized the complete cDNA and gene for the mouse MutS homolog 5 (Msh5), as a step toward understanding the molecular genetic mechanisms involved in the biological function of this new MutS homologous protein in mammals. The Msh5 cDNA contains a 2502-bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes an 833-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular weight of 92.6 kDa, which shares 89.8% amino acid sequence identity with the human hMSH5 protein. Northern blot analysis demonstrated the presence of a Msh5 mRNA approximately 2.9-kb in length, most abundantly expressed in mouse testis. Yeast two-hybrid analysis indicated that the mouse Msh5 protein positively interacted with the human hMSH4 protein-suggesting that Msh5 shares common functional properties with its human counterpart. Sequence and structural analyses show that the mouse gene Msh5 spans approximately 18 kb and contains 24 exons that range in length from 36 bp for exon 7 to 392 bp for exon 1. Structural comparison with the human hMSH5 gene revealed that all of the Msh5 internal exons, but not introns, are conserved in length with the human hMSH5. The Msh5 gene is located on mouse Chromosome (Chr) 17 in a location that is syntenic to the region of human Chr 6 harboring the hMSH5 gene. The identification and characterization of Msh5 will facilitate studies of the potential functional roles of this new member of the MutS family. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, DNA Damage & Repair Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Her, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0938-8990 J9 MAMM GENOME JI Mamm. Genome PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1054 EP 1061 DI 10.1007/s003359901161 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 248ZA UT WOS:000083305600003 PM 10556423 ER PT J AU Luo, ZP Tang, YL Wu, Z Kramer, MJ McCallum, RW AF Luo, ZP Tang, YL Wu, Z Kramer, MJ McCallum, RW TI The dislocation structure of a single-crystal gamma+gamma ' two-phase alloy after tensile deformation SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article ID NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY; CREEP; TEMPERATURE AB The dislocation structures of an industrial single-crystal gamma + gamma' two-phase alloy DD3 after tensile deformation from room temperature to 1273K were studied by transmission electron microscopy. The strength of this alloy decreased with an increase in the temperature, and showed a strength peak at 1033K. At room temperature, the dislocations shearing the gamma particles were found to be 1/3[112] partial dislocations on the dodecahedral slip system [112]{111}. Some dislocation pairs on the cubic [110]{100} system that blocked the glide of dislocations were found at a medium temperature of 873K. As a result, dislocation bands were formed. Shearing of gamma' particles by 1/3[112] partial dislocations on the dodecahedral slip system [112]{111} was also found at this temperature. At the peak temperature of 1033K, because of the strong interaction between dislocations on the {111} and {100} planes, the extent of dislocation bands with high dislocation densities was extensive. The 1/3[112] partial dislocations on the dodecahedral slip system [112]{111} also existed. When the temperature reached the high temperature of 1133K, the range of dislocation bands was limited. The gamma' particles were sheared by [110] dislocation pairs on the octagonal [110]{111} system and the cubic [110]{100} system. At 1273K, the regular hexagonal dislocation networks were formed in the gamma matrix and at the gamma/gamma' interface. The Burgers vectors of the network were found to be b(1) = 1/2[110], b(2) = 1/2[1-10], b(3) = [100], and the last one was formed by the reaction of b(1) + b(2) --> b(3). Dislocations shearing the gamma' particles were found to be [110] dislocation pairs on the octagonal system [110]{111} and cubic slip system [110]{100} at 1273K. (C) Elsevier Science Inc., 1999. All rights reserved. C1 Beijing Inst Aeronaut Mat, Beijing 100095, Peoples R China. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Luo, ZP (reprint author), Beijing Inst Aeronaut Mat, Beijing 100095, Peoples R China. RI Luo, Zhiping/C-4435-2014 OI Luo, Zhiping/0000-0002-8264-6424 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 43 IS 5 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.1016/S1044-5803(99)00038-8 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 265TM UT WOS:000084261900002 ER PT J AU Bowerman, BS Czajkowski, CJ Roberts, TC Neal, C AF Bowerman, BS Czajkowski, CJ Roberts, TC Neal, C TI Metallurgical evaluation of a feedwater nozzle to safe-end weld SO MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION LA English DT Article C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Waste Management Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bowerman, BS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm & Waste Management Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1044-5803 J9 MATER CHARACT JI Mater. Charact. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 43 IS 5 BP 347 EP 353 DI 10.1016/S1044-5803(99)00010-8 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 265TM UT WOS:000084261900007 ER PT J AU Lee, S Liaw, PK Liu, CT Chou, YT AF Lee, S Liaw, PK Liu, CT Chou, YT TI Thermal stresses due to spheroidal inclusions SO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE thermal stresses; oblate spheroidal inclusion; prolate spheroidal inclusion ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; PARTICLE; STRAIN AB Thermal stresses due to a spheroidal inclusion were investigated using the equivalent inclusion approach proposed by Eshelby. The temperature inside the spheroid is maintained constant and different from that of the surrounding matrix of an infinite extent. A new relation between the Cartesian coordinates and spheroidal coordinates was established. Based on this relation, the solution for a prolate spheroidal inclusion was readily obtained from that for an oblate spheroidal inclusion. The principal stress inside the spheroid increases with decreasing m, the ratio of shear moduli of the spheroid and matrix. The value of sigma(1)(11) inside the spheroid increases with increasing k, the aspect ratio, but the trend for sigma(33)(I) is opposite. The stress components, sigma(11), along the x(1) axis and, sigma(33), along the x(3) axis in the matrix decrease with increasing distance away from the inclusion. For given combinations of m and k, the maximum stress components, sigma(22) and sigma(33), along the x(1) axis and all (= sigma(22)) along the x(3) axis in the matrix are located at certain distances away from the interface. Among all principal stresses, the maximum tensile stress is located at the interface between the inclusion and matrix. The numerical results are in agreement with those reported in the literature. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Hsinchu, Taiwan. Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Hsinchu, Taiwan. OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0254-0584 J9 MATER CHEM PHYS JI Mater. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 61 IS 3 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0254-0584(99)00118-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 241MQ UT WOS:000082887500004 ER PT J AU Kagawa, Y Hsueh, CH AF Kagawa, Y Hsueh, CH TI Model experiment on a protrusion method for measurement of interface shear sliding stress in fiber-reinforced composite SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE composite material; shear sliding stress; fiber protrusion behavior ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; PUSHOUT PROCESS; CERAMICS; GLASS AB Interface debonding, sliding and protrusion behavior in tungsten fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix model composite under 'protrusion test' have been studied. Interface shear-sliding resistance of the composite is obtained from three routes: (i) applied stress-sliding length relation; (ii) applied maximum stress-protruded fiber length at loading; and (iii) applied maximum stress and protruded fiber length after unloading. The shear sliding stress is obtained applying a constant shear stress analysis. It is found that interface debonding proceeds spontaneously with the increase of applied stress from the surface at a soft metal side and one unit of debonding is about twice the fiber radius. The constant interface shear stress approach could explain applied stress-interface sliding length relation below a maximum critical applied stress. The shear sliding stresses obtained from the three routes agree and the agreement demonstrated possibility of obtaining the constant shear frictional stress using a protruded fiber length after complete unloading. However, care should be taken to eliminate Poisson's effect; i.e, a maximum applied stress exists for a given composite and experimental condition. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1068558, Japan. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kagawa, Y (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Inst Ind Sci, Minato Ku, 7-22-1 Roppongi, Tokyo 1068558, Japan. RI Hsueh, Chun-Hway/G-1345-2011 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 271 IS 1-2 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00166-5 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 255AR UT WOS:000083647800010 ER PT J AU Fahrmann, MG Wereszczak, AA Kirkland, TP AF Fahrmann, MG Wereszczak, AA Kirkland, TP TI Stress relaxation behavior and dimensional stability of INCONEL (R) alloy 783 SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE stress relaxation; dimensional stability; INCONEL (R); alloys ID NEGATIVE CREEP AB The stress relaxation behavior of a recently developed, low coefficient-of-thermal expansion superalloy, INCONEL(R) alloy 783,(1) has been studied in the temperature range from 482 to 649 degrees C and at two different strain levels of 0.1 and 0.2%. These conditions are representative of bolting applications in steam turbines. The initial stress increase, observed at the lower temperatures and stresses, is correlated with dimensional instabilities upon extended exposures at the same temperatures, i.e, the volumetric shrinkage measured in situ in a dilatometer. The experimental results are discussed in the context of creep and transformation strains. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Inco Alloys Int Inc, Special Met Co, Huntington, WV 25705 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fahrmann, MG (reprint author), Inco Alloys Int Inc, Special Met Co, Huntington, WV 25705 USA. RI Wereszczak, Andrew/I-7310-2016 OI Wereszczak, Andrew/0000-0002-8344-092X NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 271 IS 1-2 BP 122 EP 127 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00176-8 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 255AR UT WOS:000083647800017 ER PT J AU Engler, O Huh, MY AF Engler, O Huh, MY TI Evolution of the cube texture in high purity aluminum capacitor foils by continuous recrystallization and subsequent grain growth SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE cube texture; high purity aluminum foils; continuous recrystallization; discontinuous grain growth ID MICROSTRUCTURES; RECOVERY; MODEL; ALLOY AB The evolution of the cube-texture in high purity aluminum foils which were produced with a high level of cold reduction and a low finishing temperature is tracked by analysis of microstructure and crystallographic texture. The formation of the cube-texture proceeds in two consecutive steps. (1) During the first stages of annealing, the deformed substructure is transformed into a very fine grained recrystallized microstructure through extended recovery reactions (continuous recrystallization); the rolling texture is retained. (2) Subsequently, the cube-orientation becomes prominent by discontinuous grain growth under consumption of the continuously recrystallized microstructure. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Korea Univ, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Engler, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Mail Stop K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 36 TC 68 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 271 IS 1-2 BP 371 EP 381 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(99)00254-3 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 255AR UT WOS:000083647800048 ER PT J AU Daymond, MR Lund, C Bourke, MAM Dunand, DC AF Daymond, MR Lund, C Bourke, MAM Dunand, DC TI Elastic phase-strain distribution in a particulate-reinforced metal-matrix composite deforming by slip or creep SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; PARTICLE REINFORCEMENT; RIETVELD REFINEMENT; SIC/AL COMPOSITES; DIFFRACTION; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINUM; COPPER AB The macroscopic load-bearing capability of a composite is directly related to the strain partitioning due to load transfer between the component phases. Using neutron diffraction, the elastic mean phase strains were measured during in-situ loading of a Cu-15 vol pet Mo particulate metal-matrix composite (MMC) at 25 degrees C, 300 degrees C, and 350 degrees C. The degree of load sharing at each temperature was compared to finite-element (FE) results. The load transfer from the matrix to reinforcement is both qualitatively and quantitatively different at low and high temperatures. When the matrix creeps, load transfer is less effective than when the matrix deforms by slip; also, load transfer at elevated temperatures decreases with increasing applied stress. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Lujan Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02319 USA. Seagate Corp, Minneapolis, MN 55437 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Daymond, MR (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Chilton OX11 0QX, England. RI Dunand, David/B-7515-2009; OI Dunand, David/0000-0001-5476-7379; Daymond, Mark/0000-0001-6242-7489 NR 42 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 11 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 30 IS 11 BP 2989 EP 2997 DI 10.1007/s11661-999-0136-3 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 258CZ UT WOS:000083821700027 ER PT J AU ReVelle, DO Whitaker, RW AF ReVelle, DO Whitaker, RW TI Infrasonic detection of a Leonid bolide: 1998 November 17 SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Leonid Multi-Instrumetn Aircraft Campaign CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL MOFFETT FIELD, CALIFORNIA AB During the early morning hours of the night of the peak of the annual Leonid meteor shower on 1998 November 17, a bright fireball (approximately -12 to -14 visual magnitude at 100 km in the zenith) was observed over northern New Mexico with visual sightings as far away from Los Alamos as Albuquerque (similar to 150 km to the south of Los Alamos), including direct persistent trail observations at the U. S. A. F. Starfire Optical Range (SOR), which is also near Albuqerque. This event did not produce any sonic boom reports, presumably because of its high altitude. It was also detected locally by an infrared radiometer at Sandia National Laboratory and by an intensified charge-coupled device (CCD) camera located in Placitas, New Mexico. Subsequent investigations of the data from the six infrasound arrays used by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and operated for the Department of Energy as a part of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) Research and Development program for the International Monitoring System (IMS) showed the presence of an infrasonic signal from the proper direction at the correct time for this bolide from two of our six arrays (both located in Los Alamos). The infrasound recordings (ie., the wave amplitude and period data) indicated that an explosion occurred in the atmosphere at a source height of similar to 93.5 km (with respect to sea level) or similar to 90 km with respect to the altitude of Los Alamos, having its origins slightly to the north and west of Los Alamos. Purely geometric solutions from the ground observers reports combined with direct measurements from the CCD camera at Placitas produced a source height of 91 +/- 7 km. The signal characteristics analyzed from 0.5 to 3.0 Hz include a total duration of about 3-4 s for a source directed from Los Alamos toward 353.6 +/- 0.4 degrees measured from true north at a maximum elevation arrival angle of similar to 72.7 degrees. The latter was deduced on the basis of the observed signal trace velocities (for the part of the recording with the highest cross-correlation) and ranged from a constant value of about 920-1150 m/s (depending on the window length used in the analysis) for a pay trajectory along a direct refractive path between the source and the Los Alamos arrays. The dominant signal frequency at maximum amplitude at Los Alamos was similar to 0.71 Hz. These highly correlated signals had a peak to peak, maximum amplitude of similar to 2.1 microbars (0.21 Pa). Using several methods that incorporate various observed signal characteristics, total distance traveled, etc., our analysis indicates that the bolide probably had a source energy of similar to 1.14 t (TNT equivalent) or 4.77 x 10(9) J. This is similar to 14.1x smaller than the source energy estimate made using the infrasonic, empirical source energy relationship for low-altitude stationary point sources developed in the 1960s by the Air Force Technical Applications Center (AFTAC), Patrick Air Force Base, Florida. This relation was originally developed, however, for much larger source energies and at much longer ranges. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP ReVelle, DO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS F659, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 34 IS 6 BP 995 EP 1005 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 259FZ UT WOS:000083885000021 ER PT J AU Zinn, J Wren, J Whitaker, R Szymanski, J ReVelle, DO Priedhorsky, W Hills, J Gisler, G Fletcher, S Casperson, D Bloch, J Balsano, R Armstrong, WT Akerlof, C Kehoe, R McKay, T Lee, B Kelley, MC Spalding, RE Marshall, S AF Zinn, J Wren, J Whitaker, R Szymanski, J ReVelle, DO Priedhorsky, W Hills, J Gisler, G Fletcher, S Casperson, D Bloch, J Balsano, R Armstrong, WT Akerlof, C Kehoe, R McKay, T Lee, B Kelley, MC Spalding, RE Marshall, S TI Coordinated observations of two large Leonid meteor fireballs over northern New Mexico, and computer model comparisons SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Leonid Multi-Instrumetn Aircraft Campaign CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL MOFFETT FIELD, CALIFORNIA AB This paper describes the coordinated results of several sets of measurements of two Leonid meteor fireballs over northern New Mexico at 1:32 and 3:06 MST, respectively, on the night of 1998 November 17. The measurements included visible band photometry on both events, as well as filtered 5890 Angstrom all-sky images of the Na airglow. Also, for the 3:06 A.M. event, we obtained an infrasound measurement of the hydrodynamic yield. For the 1:32 A.M. event, we obtained a set of visible band charge-coupled device (CCD) camera images of the meteor train for times extending to 30 min after the initial impact. The measurement results have been combined to derive an optical efficiency for the intense early-time optical flash, and the total explosion yields and masses for both of the meteors. We have also done a set of numerical radiation, hydrodynamic, and chemistry computations to investigate the nature and distribution of the long-lasting airglow. We attribute the brightest visible airglow to atomic O 5577 Angstrom line emission, with additional contributions from atomic Na emission and NO2 chemiluminescence. The near-infrared atmospheric bands of molecular O-2 should be very strong as well. All of the band emissions are expected to show a hollow limb-brightened structure. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zinn, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI McKay, Timothy/C-1501-2009; OI McKay, Timothy/0000-0001-9036-6150; Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138 NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1007 EP 1015 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 259FZ UT WOS:000083885000022 ER PT J AU Cai, ST Kohwi-Shigematsu, T AF Cai, ST Kohwi-Shigematsu, T TI Intranuclear relocalization of matrix binding sites during T cell activation detected by amplified fluorescence in situ hybridization SO METHODS-A COMPANION TO METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CATALYZED REPORTER DEPOSITION; NUCLEAR MATRIX; SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION; ATTACHMENT REGIONS; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; CHROMATIN DOMAIN; GENE; ORGANIZATION; SCAFFOLD; DNA AB We describe a method for analyzing the nuclear localization of specific DNA sequences, with special emphasis on their binding status to the nuclear matrix, depending on the developmental stage of the cells. This method employs high-resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization procedures. For our studies, it was important to examine the nuclear localization of a particular gene locus. Previously, however, it was not possible to detect a single-copy genomic sequence using a DNA probe less than several kilobases in size. We describe here a signal amplification technique based on tyramide which makes such a task possible. Using this method, we monitored single-copy loci using a short, 509-bp DNA sequence that binds in vivo to the T cell factor SATB1 within T cell nuclei, high-salt-extracted nuclei (histone-depleted nuclei generating "halos" with distended chromatin loops), and the nuclear matrix, before and after T cell activation. We found that these loci were anchored onto the nuclear matrix, creating new bases of chromatin loops, only after T cell activation. This experimental strategy, therefore, enabled us to detect the changes in higher order chromatin structure upon activation and study gene regulation at a new dimension: the loop domain structure. The methods shown here can be widely applied to explore other functions involving chromatin, including recombination and replication. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kohwi-Shigematsu, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01CA39681] NR 32 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-2023 J9 METHODS JI Methods PD NOV PY 1999 VL 19 IS 3 BP 394 EP 402 DI 10.1006/meth.1999.0875 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 264EU UT WOS:000084168300006 PM 10579934 ER PT J AU Fuentes-Cabrera, M Munoz, A Windl, W Demkov, AA Sankey, OF AF Fuentes-Cabrera, M Munoz, A Windl, W Demkov, AA Sankey, OF TI Theoretical study of graphitic analogues of simple semiconductors SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID HEXASILABENZENE SI6H6; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GAAS CLUSTERS; SILICON; POLYSILANE; SYSTEMS; SI; CHEMISTRY; SILOXENE AB The stability of the aromatic phase of two-dimensional monolayers of BN, C, Si, GaAs, and SiC is theoretically investigated using an nb initio tight-binding-like method. It is found that BN, C, and SIC prefer to form the hat aromatic phase while Si and GaAs prefer to pucker, although Si is found to be a borderline case. From a simple qualitative picture, we can understand this behaviour as a consequence of the different bond lengths, where longer bond lengths give rise to puckered structures. On the other hand, 'compressing chemically' by alloying, which shortens the bond, may allow the state of the system to change from puckered to flat and vice versa. C1 Univ La Laguna, Fac Fis, Dept Fis Fundamental & Expt, E-38204 Tenerife, Spain. Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Motorola Inc, Computat Mat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Motorola Inc, Predict Engn Lab, Mesa, AZ 85202 USA. RP Fuentes-Cabrera, M (reprint author), Univ La Laguna, Fac Fis, Dept Fis Fundamental & Expt, E-38204 Tenerife, Spain. RI Windl, Wolfgang/C-7255-2012; Munoz, Alfonso/K-7823-2013; Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/Q-2437-2015 OI Windl, Wolfgang/0000-0001-5892-0684; Munoz, Alfonso/0000-0003-3347-6518; Fuentes-Cabrera, Miguel/0000-0001-7912-7079 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 7 IS 6 BP 929 EP 938 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/7/6/302 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 276UV UT WOS:000084896500002 ER PT J AU Sarma, G Radhakrishnan, B Zacharia, T AF Sarma, G Radhakrishnan, B Zacharia, T TI Modelling the deformation of face centred cubic crystals to study the effect of slip on {110} planes SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL DIE COMPRESSION; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; HOT-ROLLING TEXTURES; FCC METALS; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC TEXTURE; STRAIN COMPRESSION; POLYCRYSTAL PLASTICITY; GRAIN INTERACTIONS; ALUMINUM; EVOLUTION AB The deformations of single crystals and polycrystals of aluminium have been modelled using the finite-element method. The constitutive behaviour is modelled using crystal plasticity to account for the plastic deformation by slip, and to track the hardening and reorientation of the material. By discretizing each crystal with a large number of elements, the nonuniform deformations due to local inhomogeneities and interactions with neighbouring crystals are modelled. Simulations of plane strain compression of (001)[110] oriented single crystals are used to demonstrate the ability of the model to capture shearing in the rolling-normal plane, and the consequent reorientation of the crystal to the {112}(111) copper components. The simulations are used to examine the effect of including {110}(110) slip systems in addition to the usual {111}(110) systems for face centred cubic metals on the stability of the cubic orientation. The results indicate that slip on {110} planes greatly enhances the stability of the cubic orientation while having little contribution in the deformation of most other orientations. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sarma, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Zacharia, Thomas/0000-0001-6463-5425 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1025 EP 1043 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/7/6/308 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 276UV UT WOS:000084896500008 ER PT J AU Reardon, BJ AF Reardon, BJ TI Inversion of micromechanical powder consolidation and sintering models using Bayesian inference and genetic algorithms SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SEISMIC INVERSION AB It is shown that a genetic algorithm (GA) is in fact a Bayesian inference engine and as such the tools of Bayesian analysis can be applied to the output of a GA to rectify a number of deficiencies in die overall GA technique. In this work, the Bayesian enhanced GA addresses the inverse and ill-posed problem of optimizing the parameters of the micromechanical powder densification models for beryllium and copper powder using limited and uncertain data sets that leave the optimization problem underdetermined. The advantages of using the Bayesian approach to analyse GA output are described in detail. Firstly, the stochasticity of the GA is suppressed and thus a realistic assessment of model parameter sensitivity and covariance becomes available. Secondly, a suitable stopping criterion for the GA is defined by when the sum of the eigenvalues obtained from the principal component analysis of the a posteriori covariance matrix reaches a limiting value. Lastly, die generation of the posterior probability density allows a distribution of optimal model parameter vectors to be applied to the physics of die forward problem. The distribution of the resulting outcomes is then used as a guide in experimental design. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reardon, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-6, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1061 EP 1081 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/7/6/310 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 276UV UT WOS:000084896500010 ER PT J AU Romberg, L Simon, M Erickson, HP AF Romberg, L Simon, M Erickson, HP TI FtsZ polymerization: is it cooperative? SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 SU S MA 30 BP 6A EP 6A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 255MW UT WOS:000083673500030 ER PT J AU Maser, J Lai, B Yun, W Cai, Z Ilinski, P Rodrigues, W Legnini, D AF Maser, J Lai, B Yun, W Cai, Z Ilinski, P Rodrigues, W Legnini, D TI Bio-medical applications of a hard x-ray microprobe with sub-optical resolution: mapping of single elements with atto-gram sensitivity. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Maser, Jorg/K-6817-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 SU S MA 53 BP 10A EP 10A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 255MW UT WOS:000083673500056 ER PT J AU Krauss, SW Heald, R Gimm, JA Mohandas, N Chasis, JA AF Krauss, SW Heald, R Gimm, JA Mohandas, N Chasis, JA TI Two protein 4.1R domains critical for assembly of nuclei, centrosomes and mitotic spindles. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, MCB, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 SU S MA 756 BP 131A EP 131A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 255MW UT WOS:000083673500759 ER PT J AU Gimm, JA Mohandas, N AF Gimm, JA Mohandas, N TI Actin-binding motif of protein 4.1, a novel sequence. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UCSF, UCB, Bioengn Grad Grp, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 SU S MA 776 BP 134A EP 134A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 255MW UT WOS:000083673500778 ER PT J AU Detrich, HW Parker, SK Nogales, E Downing, KH AF Detrich, HW Parker, SK Nogales, E Downing, KH TI Cold adaptation of microtubule assembly: Three-dimensional interpretation of the primary structures of tubulins from antarctic fishes SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Northeastern Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 SU S MA 826 BP 143A EP 143A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 255MW UT WOS:000083673500829 ER PT J AU Gascard, PD Walensky, LD Lee, GM Snyder, SH Chasis, JA Mohandas, N Conboy, JG AF Gascard, PD Walensky, LD Lee, GM Snyder, SH Chasis, JA Mohandas, N Conboy, JG TI Characterization and function of cytoskeletal protein 4.1R and its homologs in kidney. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 SU S MA 894 BP 154A EP 154A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 255MW UT WOS:000083673500895 ER PT J AU Lelievre, SA Weaver, VM Bissell, MJ AF Lelievre, SA Weaver, VM Bissell, MJ TI Alteration of chromatin structure stimulates mitogenic signaling pathways in stationary breast acini. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 SU S MA 1626 BP 281A EP 281A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 255MW UT WOS:000083673501629 ER PT J AU Ruscetti, T Alemi, F Dogruel, D Rohan, FC Walton, G AF Ruscetti, T Alemi, F Dogruel, D Rohan, FC Walton, G TI Nucleolar dynamics associated with DNA repair SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 SU S MA 1670 BP 288A EP 288A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 255MW UT WOS:000083673501671 ER PT J AU Schmeichel, KL Lee, EH Weaver, VM Wang, F Bissell, MJ AF Schmeichel, KL Lee, EH Weaver, VM Wang, F Bissell, MJ TI Defining the minimum cellular requirements for phenotypic reversion in the HMT-3522 breast tumor model SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 SU S MA 1970 BP 340A EP 340A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 255MW UT WOS:000083673501971 ER PT J AU Simian, M Bissell, MJ Werb, Z Lochter, A AF Simian, M Bissell, MJ Werb, Z Lochter, A TI Plasmin induces branching morphogenesis of primary mammary organoids. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 SU S MA 2013 BP 348A EP 348A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 255MW UT WOS:000083673502016 ER PT J AU Wang, F Yoneda, T Barcellos-Hoff, MH Bissell, MJ AF Wang, F Yoneda, T Barcellos-Hoff, MH Bissell, MJ TI Combinatorial modifications of multiple pathways reverts the malignant phenotype or mammary carcinoma cells MDA-MB-231 SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 SU S MA 2024 BP 350A EP 350A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 255MW UT WOS:000083673502025 ER PT J AU Sanderfoot, AA Kovaleva, V Raikhel, NV AF Sanderfoot, AA Kovaleva, V Raikhel, NV TI Functional analysis of t-SNARE isoforms in the Golgi/vacuolar system of Arabidopsis SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Michigan State Univ, DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 SU S MA 2319 BP 401A EP 401A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 255MW UT WOS:000083673502322 ER PT J AU Chen, HM Schmeichel, KL Mian, IS Petersen, OW Bissell, MJ AF Chen, HM Schmeichel, KL Mian, IS Petersen, OW Bissell, MJ TI AZ-1: A candidate breast tumor suppressor with a C-terminal coiled-coil domain. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA PUBL OFFICE, 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1999 VL 10 SU S MA 2488 BP 430A EP 430A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 255MW UT WOS:000083673502488 ER PT J AU Stevens, MT Turner, MG Tuskan, GA Romme, WH Gunter, LE Waller, DM AF Stevens, MT Turner, MG Tuskan, GA Romme, WH Gunter, LE Waller, DM TI Genetic variation in postfire aspen seedlings in Yellowstone National Park SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic variation; Populus tremuloides; RAPD; seedling regeneration; vegetative cover ID POPULUS-TREMULOIDES MICHX; TREMBLING ASPEN; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PLANT-POPULATIONS; QUAKING ASPEN; RAPD MARKERS; DIVERSITY; HETEROZYGOSITY; HETEROGENEITY; EVOLUTION AB A rare episode of regeneration of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) by seeds occurred in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming, USA, following extensive fires that occurred in 1988. In 1997, we sampled 410 aspen seedlings from 23 local populations distributed widely across YNP to determine how genetic diversity varies with elevation, substrate, plant competition, ungulate browsing, and geographical location. We employed 132 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers based on six primers to show genetic relationships within and among the postfire aspen seedling populations. Measures of genetic variation, including estimates of percentage polymorphic loci, expected heterozygosity, and Nei's Fs,, indicated that most of the variation occurred within rather than among local populations. There was no indication of geographical differentiation among sampled populations based on hierarchal estimates of Nei's Fs, neighbour-joining, or correlations between genetic distance and geographical distance. Even genetically distant populations shared nearly 90% of the same markers. Within plots, the amount of genetic variation decreased slightly in response to increased percentage vegetative cover, mean seedling basal diameter, and mean seedling height. Geological substrate, density of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Dougl.) seedlings, browsing intensity, and elevation were not significantly related to levels of genetic variation within the seedling plots. These data suggest mat genetic variation and geographical structure among seedling populations may occur over time as the transition from seedling-dominated stands to clone-dominated stands occurs. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Bot, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Ft Lewis Coll, Dept Biol, Durango, CO 81301 USA. RP Turner, MG (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Birge Hall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Tuskan, Gerald/A-6225-2011; Turner, Monica/B-2099-2010; Romme, William/C-7317-2016; Gunter, Lee/L-3480-2016; OI Tuskan, Gerald/0000-0003-0106-1289; Gunter, Lee/0000-0003-1211-7532; Stevens, Michael/0000-0003-3267-2285 NR 50 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1769 EP 1780 DI 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00732.x PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 268XE UT WOS:000084444300001 ER PT J AU Corzett, M Kramer, C Blacher, R Mazrimas, J Balhorn, R AF Corzett, M Kramer, C Blacher, R Mazrimas, J Balhorn, R TI Analysis of hamster protamines: Primary sequence and species distribution SO MOLECULAR REPRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE hamster; protamine 1; protamine 2; gene sequence; sperm chromatin ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; NUCLEAR BASIC-PROTEINS; HUMAN-SPERM PROTAMINES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; EJACULATED SPERMATOZOA; CHROMATIN STRUCTURE; MOUSE PROTAMINE-1; RAT SPERMATOZOA; MAJOR PROTAMINE; STALLION SPERM AB Basic nuclear proteins were isolated from the sperm of the Syrian hamster Mesocricetus auratus and characterized by gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis, and sequencing. Analyses of the proteins by gel electrophoresis show that sperm of this species contain both protamines 1 and 2. The two proteins were purified by HPLC and the complete primary sequence of hamster protamine 1 was determined by automated amino acid sequence analysis. The protein sequence was subsequently confirmed by sequencing the PCR-amplified protamine 1 gene. The first forty-two residues of the hamster protamine 2 sequence were obtained by amino acid sequence analysis of the isolated protein, and this sequence was also confirmed and extended by sequencing the gene. Total basic nuclear protein was also isolated from sperm of six other species of hamsters, the protamines were identified by HPLC and amino acid analysis, and the proportion of protamines 1 and 2 in each species was determined. Marked differences in the protamine 2 content of sperm were observed among the different species of hamster. This variation and the high level of sequence similarity between mouse and hamster protamines provide insight into how the two protamines may be organized in sperm chromatin. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Balhorn, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, POB808 L-42, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 85 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1040-452X J9 MOL REPROD DEV JI Mol. Reprod. Dev. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 54 IS 3 BP 273 EP 282 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA 240LY UT WOS:000082828500008 PM 10497349 ER PT J AU Schwarz, RB AF Schwarz, RB TI Hydrogen storage in magnesium-based alloys SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MG COMPOSITES; ABSORPTION; PARTICLES; KINETICS; MG2NI C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schwarz, RB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 24 IS 11 BP 40 EP 44 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 256ER UT WOS:000083713400019 ER PT J AU DeTeresa, SJ AF DeTeresa, SJ TI Materials for advanced flywheel energy-storage devices SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LIFE PREDICTION; COMPOSITES C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP DeTeresa, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 24 IS 11 BP 51 EP 56 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 256ER UT WOS:000083713400021 ER PT J AU Rawers, JC AF Rawers, JC TI Warm compaction of attrition milled nanostructured iron powders SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS; FE AB Attrition milled, nanostructured iron-based powders were compacted at temperatures less than one half the melting temperature and at pressure in excess of 1GPa and resulted in full dense samples from which macroscopic properties could be determined. The use of modest compaction temperatures resulted in (1) reducing the mechanical induced lattice strain, (2) producing interparticle bonding by grain boundary diffusion, and (3) limiting grain growth. The high compression stress resulted in deforming the milled particles into a fully dense compact. Hall-Fetch relationships for the compacts were consistent with data from previous studies. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Rawers, JC (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 13 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1055 EP 1060 DI 10.1016/S0965-9773(99)00393-1 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 316AF UT WOS:000087144600010 ER PT J AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, NSV TI Simple sample bound for feedforward sigmoid networks with bounded weights SO NEUROCOMPUTING LA English DT Article DE sigmoid feedforward networks; neural networks; Probably Approximately Correct; sample size ID EMPIRICAL RISK MINIMIZATION; NEURAL NETWORKS; NONPARAMETRIC-ESTIMATION; VC DIMENSION AB We consider learning a function f: [0, 1](d) bar right arrow [0, 1] by using feedforward sigmoid networks with a single hidden layer and bounded weights. Using the Lipschitz property, we provide a simple sample size bound within the framework of probably approximately correct learning. The sample size is linear in the number of parameters and logarithmic in the bound on weights. This brief note provides a non-trivial function estimation problem using sigmoid neural networks for which the sample size is a linear function of the number of network parameters. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Syst Adv Res, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2312 J9 NEUROCOMPUTING JI Neurocomputing PD NOV PY 1999 VL 29 IS 1-3 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0925-2312(99)00113-7 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 239JK UT WOS:000082764800007 ER PT J AU Cohen, RM Nordahl, TE Semple, WE Pickar, D AF Cohen, RM Nordahl, TE Semple, WE Pickar, D TI The brain metabolic patterns of clozapine- and fluphenazine-treated female patients with schizophrenia: Evidence of a sex effect SO NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE striatum; cingulate; deoxyglucose; cerebral metabolic rates; positron emission tomography; neuroleptics ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; CEREBRAL GLUCOSE-METABOLISM; DOPAMINE-RECEPTOR BINDING; GENDER DIFFERENCES; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; TREATMENT RESPONSE; CINGULATE CORTEX; BASAL GANGLIA; ABNORMALITIES; NEUROLEPTICS AB The regional cerebral glucose metabolic rates of clozapine-treated and fluphenazine-treated women with schizophrenia and normal controls were obtained by positron emission tomography (PET) using [F-18]-2-fluro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) as the tracer. The regional metabolic patterns were compared to each other and to the changes previously observed in men. In women, as in men, both clopazine- and fluphenazine-treatment were associated with lower metabolism in the superior prefrontal cortex and higher metabolism in the medial temporal lobe. In both men and women, clozapine treatment led to a greater lowering of inferior prefrontal cortex activity than fluphenazine, which was statistically significant in the larger male cohort. Fluphenazine led to higher metabolic rates in the lateral temporal lobe than clozapine did, but the differences between the two neuroleptics were not statistically significant in either group. The greatest differences in the female as compared to the male responses to fluphenazine and clozapine were in the cingulate and striatum. As compared to controls, the cingulate metabolic rates of women were reduced by 9.1% and 11.4% on clozapine and fluphenazine, respectively; whereas, men have a statistically nonsignificant reduction of 0.1% with clozapine and a 3.2% increase with fluphenazine. In men, fluphenazine was associated with a much greater elevation in basal ganglia metabolic rates than was clozapine, 23.5% as compared to 3.75%; whereas, in women, basal ganglia metabolic rates are nearly equally increased by fluphenazine (21.6%) and clozapine (15.1%). [Neuropsychopharmacology 21:632-640, 1999] Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 NIMH, Cerebral Metab Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIMH, Expt Therapeut Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Napa State Hosp, Napa, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. VAMC, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Cohen, RM (reprint author), NIH, Clin Brain Imaging Sect, LCM, Bldg 36,Room 1A05,36 Convent Dr,MSC 4030, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Nordahl, Thomas/J-7643-2013 OI Nordahl, Thomas/0000-0002-8627-0356 NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0893-133X J9 NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL JI Neuropsychopharmacology PD NOV PY 1999 VL 21 IS 5 BP 632 EP 640 DI 10.1016/S0893-133X(99)00065-2 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 240CJ UT WOS:000082807900004 PM 10516959 ER PT J AU Warren, JW Harrison, DL Agarwal, DC Rochau, GE Nakos, JT Kelly, JE AF Warren, JW Harrison, DL Agarwal, DC Rochau, GE Nakos, JT Kelly, JE TI Department of energy's annealing prototype demonstration projects SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Water Reactor Safety Information Meeting CY OCT 21-23, 1996 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND AB One of the challenges utilities face in addressing technical issues associated with the aging of nuclear power plants is the long-term effect of plant operation on reactor pressure vessels. These vessels are exposed to neutrons during the operation of a reactor. For certain plants, this exposure can cause embrittlement of some of the vessel welds, which can shorten the useful life of the vessel. This reactor pressure vessel embrittlement issue has the potential to affect the continued operation of a number of US pressurized water reactor plants. However, the properties that are degraded by long-term irradiation can be recovered through a thermal annealing treatment of the vessel steel. Although a dozen Russian-designed and several US military vessels have been successfully annealed, US utilities concluded that an annealing demonstration using a US reactor pressure vessel was a prerequisite before annealing a licensed US nuclear power plant. In May 1995, the Department of Energy and Sandia National Laboratories initiated a program to evaluate the feasibility of annealing US licensed plants using two different heating technologies. One team completed its annealing prototype demonstration in July 1996, using an indirect gas-fired furnace at the uncompleted Public Service of Indiana's Marble Hill nuclear power plant in southern Indiana. The second team's annealing prototype demonstration using a direct heat electrical furnace at the uncompleted Consumers Power Company's nuclear power plant at Midland, Michigan, was scheduled to be completed in early 1997, but has now been delayed indefinitely. This paper describes the Department of Energy's annealing prototype demonstration program and the results to date for each project. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC USA. RP Rochau, GE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 194 IS 1 BP 7 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S0029-5493(99)00166-1 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 261BL UT WOS:000083987900003 ER PT J AU Diercks, DR Shack, WJ Muscara, J AF Diercks, DR Shack, WJ Muscara, J TI Overview of steam generator tube degradation and integrity issues SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Water Reactor Safety Information Meeting CY OCT 21-23, 1996 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND AB The degradation of steam generator tubes in pressurized water nuclear reactors, and, in particular, the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Alloy 600 tubes, continues to be a serious problem. Primary water SCC is commonly observed at the roll transition zone (RTZ), at U-bends and tube denting locations, and occasionally in plugs and sleeves. Outer-diameter SCC (ODSCC) and intergranular attack (IGA) commonly occur near tube support plate (TSP) crevices, near the tube sheet in crevices, or under sludge piles, and occasionally in the free span. A particularly troubling recent trend has been the increasing occurrence of axial and circumferential cracking at the RTZ on both the primary and secondary sides. Outer-diameter stress corrosion cracking in TSP crevices, commonly consisting of segmented axial cracks with interspersed uncracked ligaments, is also becoming more common. Despite recent advances in inservice inspection (ISI) technology, a clear need still exists for quantifying and improving the reliability of ISI methods with respect to the probability of detection of the various types of flaws and their accurate sizing. These improvements are necessary to permit an accurate assessment of the consequences of leaving degraded tubes in service over the next reactor operating cycle. Degradation modes such as circumferential cracking, intergranular attack, and ODSCC at the TSP have affected a large number of tubes. New regulatory guidance is being developed that requires the development and implementation of a steam generator management program that monitors tube condition against accepted performance criteria to ensure that the tubes will perform the required safety function over the next operating cycle. In formulating new guidance for the implementation of alternate repair criteria, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission is also evaluating the contribution to overall plant risk from severe accidents. Preliminary analyses are being performed for a postulated severe-accident scenario that involves station blackout and loss of primary feedwater, in order to determine the probability of failure for degraded tubes. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Off Nucl Regulatory Res, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP Diercks, DR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 59 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 5 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 194 IS 1 BP 19 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0029-5493(99)00167-3 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 261BL UT WOS:000083987900004 ER PT J AU Majumdar, S AF Majumdar, S TI Prediction of structural integrity of steam generator tubes under severe accident conditions SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Water Reactor Safety Information Meeting CY OCT 21-23, 1996 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND AB Available models for predicting failure of flawed and unflawed steam generator tubes under normal operating and design-basis accident conditions are reviewed. These rate-independent flow stress models are inadequate for predicting failure of steam generator tubes under severe accident conditions because the temperature of the tubes during such accidents can reach as high as 800 degrees C where creep effects become important. Therefore, a creep rupture model for predicting failure was developed and validated by tests on unflawed and flawed specimens containing axial and circumferential flaws and loaded by constant as well as ramped temperature and pressure loadings. Finally, tests were conducted using pressure and temperature histories that are calculated to occur during postulated severe accidents. In all cases, the creep rupture model predicted the failure temperature and time more accurately than the flow stress models. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Majumdar, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 194 IS 1 BP 31 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0029-5493(99)00168-5 PG 25 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 261BL UT WOS:000083987900005 ER PT J AU Bakhtiari, S Kupperman, DS AF Bakhtiari, S Kupperman, DS TI Modeling of eddy current probe response for steam generator tubes SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Water Reactor Safety Information Meeting CY OCT 21-23, 1996 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND AB Sample calculations were performed with a three-dimensional (3D) finite-element model to describe the response of an eddy current (EC) probe to defects in steam generator (SG) tubing. Such calculations could be very helpful in understanding and interpreting EC probe response to complex tube/defect geometries associated with the inservice inspection (ISI) of SG tubes. The governing field equations are in terms of coupled magnetic vector and electric scalar potentials in conducting media and of total or reduced scalar potentials in nonconducting regions. To establish the validity of the model, comparisons of the theoretical and experimental responses of an absolute bobbin probe are given for two types of calibration standard defects. Simulation results are also presented on the effect of ligament size in axial cracks on bobbin probe response. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bakhtiari, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 194 IS 1 BP 57 EP 71 DI 10.1016/S0029-5493(99)00169-7 PG 15 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 261BL UT WOS:000083987900006 ER PT J AU Naus, DJ Oland, CB Ellingwood, BR Hookham, CJ Graves, HL AF Naus, DJ Oland, CB Ellingwood, BR Hookham, CJ Graves, HL TI Summary and conclusions of a program addressing aging of nuclear power plant concrete structures SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Water Reactor Safety Information Meeting CY OCT 21-23, 1996 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND ID MAINTAINING RELIABILITY; INSPECTION REPAIR; LIFE AB Research has been conducted by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to address aging management of nuclear power plant concrete structures. The purpose was to identify potential structural safety issues and acceptance criteria for use in continued service assessments. The focus of this program was on structural integrity rather than on leaktightness or pressure retention of concrete structures. Primary program accomplishments include formulation of a Structural Materials Information Center that contains data and information on the time Variation of material properties under the influence of pertinent environmental stressors and aging factors for 144 materials, an aging assessment methodology to identify critical structures and degradation factors that can potentially impact their performance, guidelines and evaluation criteria for use in condition assessments of reinforced concrete structures, and a reliability-based methodology for current condition assessments and estimations of future performance of reinforced concrete nuclear power plant structures. In addition, in-depth evaluations were conducted of several nondestructive evaluation and repair-related technologies to develop guidance on their applicability. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Containment & Concrete Technol Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP Naus, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Containment & Concrete Technol Lab, POB 2009,Bldg 9204-1, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 194 IS 1 BP 73 EP 96 DI 10.1016/S0029-5493(99)00170-3 PG 24 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 261BL UT WOS:000083987900007 ER PT J AU Galyean, WJ Lui, CH Brown, TD Brownson, DA Gregory, JJ AF Galyean, WJ Lui, CH Brown, TD Brownson, DA Gregory, JJ TI Accident sequence precursor analysis: level 2/3 model development SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Water Reactor Safety Information Meeting CY OCT 21-23, 1996 CL BETHESDA, MARYLAND AB The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Accident Sequence Precursor (ASP) program currently uses simple level 1 models to assess the conditional core damage probability for operational events occurring in commercial nuclear power plants (NPP). Not all accident sequences leading to core damage will result in the same radiological consequences. Therefore, it is necessary to develop simple level 2/3 models that can be used to analyze the response of the NPP containment structure in the context of a core damage accident, estimate the magnitude of the resulting radioactive releases to the environment, and calculate the consequences associated with these releases. This level 2/3 model development work was initiated in 1995, and several prototype models have been completed. Two versions of these prototype level 2/3 models have been developed. Simple level 2/3 models have been linked to the simple level 1 models to provide risk perspectives for operational events. Additionally, Very complex and detailed models have been developed that take provide much greater flexibility in accommodating a much wider range of level I core damage accident sequences. These detailed models also make possible assessments that are integrated with the level 1 model, on the importance of different severe accident phenomena and containment performance characteristics. This paper describes the development and capabilities of these level 2/3 ASP models, and the linkage to the level 1 models. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Washington, DC 20555 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Galyean, WJ (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 194 IS 1 BP 97 EP 106 DI 10.1016/S0029-5493(99)00171-5 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 261BL UT WOS:000083987900008 ER PT J AU Callahan-Miller, DA Tabak, M AF Callahan-Miller, DA Tabak, M TI Increasing the coupling efficiency in a heavy ion, inertial confinement fusion target SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; DESIGN; PHYSICS; DRIVEN; GAIN AB A close coupled, distributed radiator heavy ion target is presented. Close coupled refers to a decrease in the distance between the hohlraum wall and the inertial confinement fusion capsule. In two dimensional, integrated, LASNEX calculations, this target produced 436 MJ of yield from 3.27 MJ of ion beam energy for a gain of 133. To achieve these results, the hohlraum dimensions were reduced by 27% from the previous distributed radiator, heavy ion target while driving the same capsule. This reduced the beam energy required from 5.9 to 3.27 MJ. Calculations of single mode Rayleigh-Taylor growth for this capsule show that this capsule is more stable than at least one of the NIF target designs (the PT design which uses a CH ablator doped with oxygen and bromine). This means that issues regarding the Rayleigh-Taylor instability for the heavy ion driven capsule can be settled on NIF. This close coupled target can also be scaled down in size for an Engineering Test Facility; LASNEX calculations predict that a gain of 94 can be achieved from 1.75 MJ of beam energy. In addition, gain curves for distributed radiator targets with the 'conventional' case to capsule ratio and the close coupled case to capsule ratio are presented. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Callahan-Miller, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 5 U2 6 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1547 EP 1556 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11/306 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 260GF UT WOS:000083940600006 ER PT J AU Ida, K Osakabe, M Tanaka, K Minami, T Nishimura, S Okamura, S Fujisawa, A Yamazaki, K Yoshimura, Y Kubo, S Akiyama, R Darrow, DS Idei, H Iguchi, H Isobe, M Kado, S Kondo, T Lee, S Matsuoka, K Morita, S Nomura, I Ohdachi, S Sasao, M Shimizu, A Takagi, S Takahashi, C Takayama, S Takechi, M Toi, K Tsumori, K Watari, T AF Ida, K Osakabe, M Tanaka, K Minami, T Nishimura, S Okamura, S Fujisawa, A Yamazaki, K Yoshimura, Y Kubo, S Akiyama, R Darrow, DS Idei, H Iguchi, H Isobe, M Kado, S Kondo, T Lee, S Matsuoka, K Morita, S Nomura, I Ohdachi, S Sasao, M Shimizu, A Takagi, S Takahashi, C Takayama, S Takechi, M Toi, K Tsumori, K Watari, T TI Transition from L mode to high ion temperature mode in CHS heliotron/torsatron plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID HELIOTRON-E; CONFINEMENT; TRANSPORT; VELOCITY AB A high ion temperature (T-i) mode is observed for neutral beam heated plasmas in the Compact Helical System (CHS) heliotron/torsatron. The high T-i mode plasma is characterized by a high central ion temperature, T-i(0), and is associated with a peaked electron density profile produced by neutral beam fuelling with low wall recycling. Transition from L mode to high T-i mode has been studied in CHS. T-i(0) in the high T-i mode discharges reaches 1 keV, which is 2.5 times higher than that in the L mode discharges. The ion thermal diffusivity is significantly reduced by a factor of more than 2-3 in the high T-i mode plasma. The ion loss cone is observed in neutral particle flux in the energy range 1-6 keV with a narrow range of pitch angle (90 degrees +/- 20 degrees) in the high T-i mode. However, the degradation of ion energy confinement due to this loss cone is negligible. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Hayama, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Dept Energy Engn Sci, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. RP Ida, K (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Ida, Katsumi/E-4731-2016 OI Ida, Katsumi/0000-0002-0585-4561 NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 1649 EP 1658 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/304 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200005 ER PT J AU Shirai, H Kikuchi, M Takizuka, T Fujita, T Koide, Y Rewoldt, G Mikkelsen, D Budny, R Tang, WM Kishimoto, Y Kamada, Y Oikawa, T Naito, O Fukuda, T Isei, N Kawano, Y Azumi, M AF Shirai, H Kikuchi, M Takizuka, T Fujita, T Koide, Y Rewoldt, G Mikkelsen, D Budny, R Tang, WM Kishimoto, Y Kamada, Y Oikawa, T Naito, O Fukuda, T Isei, N Kawano, Y Azumi, M CA JT-60 Team TI Reduced transport and E-r shearing in improved confinement regimes in JT-60U SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID BOOTSTRAP CURRENT; TOKAMAK; BEHAVIOR; PLASMAS AB The global confinement and the local transport properties of improved core confinement plasmas in JT-60U were studied in connection with E-r shear formation. In the improved core confinement mode with internal transport barriers (ITBs), these are roughly classified into 'parabolic type' ITBs and 'box type' ITBs. The parabolic type ITB has a reduced thermal diffusivity chi in the core region; however, the E-r shear, dE(r)/dr, is not as strong. The box type ITB has a very strong E-r shear at the thin ITB layer and chi decreases to the level of neoclassical transport there. The estimated ExB shearing rate, w(ExB), becomes almost the same as the linear growth rate of the drift microinstability, gamma(L), at the ITB layer in the box type ITB. Experiments with hot ion mode plasmas during the repetitive L-H-L transition showed that the thermal diffusivity clearly depends on the Er shear and the strong E-r shear contributes to the reduced thermal diffusivity. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Shirai, H (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. RI Kikuchi, Mitsuru/O-1036-2015 OI Kikuchi, Mitsuru/0000-0002-5485-8737 NR 19 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 1713 EP 1722 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/311 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200012 ER PT J AU Greenfield, CM Rettig, CL Staebler, GM Stallard, BW Austin, ME Burrell, KH DeBoo, JC deGrassie, JS Doyle, EJ Gohil, P Groebner, RJ Lohr, J McKee, GR Peebles, WA Petty, CC Pinsker, RI Rice, BW Rhodes, TL Synakowski, EJ Waltz, RE Zeng, L AF Greenfield, CM Rettig, CL Staebler, GM Stallard, BW Austin, ME Burrell, KH DeBoo, JC deGrassie, JS Doyle, EJ Gohil, P Groebner, RJ Lohr, J McKee, GR Peebles, WA Petty, CC Pinsker, RI Rice, BW Rhodes, TL Synakowski, EJ Waltz, RE Zeng, L TI Behaviour of electron and ion transport in discharges with an internal transport barrier in the DIII-D tokamak SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID FINITE-ASPECT RATIO; CURRENT PROFILES; MAGNETIC SHEAR; TURBULENCE; MODEL AB The article reports results of experiments to further determine the underlying physics behind the formation and development of internal transport barriers (ITBs) in the DIII-D tokamak. The initial ITB formation occurs when the neutral beam heating power exceeds a threshold value during the early stages of the current ramp in low density discharges. This region of reduced transport, made accessible by suppression of long wavelength turbulence by sheared flows, is most evident in the ion temperature and impurity rotation profiles. In some cases, reduced transport is also observed in the electron temperature and density profiles. If the power is near the threshold, the barrier remains stationary and encloses only a small fraction of the plasma volume. If, however, the power is increased, the transport barrier expands to encompass a larger fraction of the plasma volume. The dynamic behaviour of the transport barrier during the growth phase exhibits rapid transport events that are associated with both broadening of the profiles and reductions in turbulence and associated transport. In some but not all cases, these events are correlated with the safety factor q passing through integer values. The final state following this evolution is a plasma exhibiting ion thermal transport at or below neoclassical levels. Typically the electron thermal transport remains anomalously high. Recent experimental results are reported in which RF electron heating was applied to plasmas with an ion ITB, thereby increasing both the electron and the ion transport. Although the results are partially in agreement with the usual E x B shear suppression hypothesis, the results still leave questions that must be addressed in future experiments. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Greenfield, CM (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. NR 21 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 1723 EP 1732 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/312 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200013 ER PT J AU Synakowski, EJ Beer, MA Bell, RE Burrell, KH Carreras, BA Diamond, PH Doyle, EJ Ernst, D Fonck, RJ Gohil, P Greenfield, CM Hahm, TS Hammett, GW Levinton, FM Mazzucato, E McKee, G Newman, DE Park, HK Rettig, CL Rewoldt, G Rhodes, TL Rice, BW Taylor, G Zarnstorff, MC AF Synakowski, EJ Beer, MA Bell, RE Burrell, KH Carreras, BA Diamond, PH Doyle, EJ Ernst, D Fonck, RJ Gohil, P Greenfield, CM Hahm, TS Hammett, GW Levinton, FM Mazzucato, E McKee, G Newman, DE Park, HK Rettig, CL Rewoldt, G Rhodes, TL Rice, BW Taylor, G Zarnstorff, MC TI Comparative studies of core and edge transport barrier dynamics of DIII-D and TFTR tokamak plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; RADIAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; L-H TRANSITION; POLOIDAL ROTATION; NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; HIGH-PERFORMANCE; HIGH CONFINEMENT; VELOCITY SHEAR; ASPECT RATIO; TURBULENCE AB The plasma dynamics of enhanced confinement regimes in the TFTR core and the DIII-D core and edge are compared in order to identify a common physics basis. Despite differences in transition timescale and location, as well as the sign of the radial electric field E-r, observations suggest that E x B shear effects on turbulence induced transport play a dominant role in governing barrier dynamics in all cases. Fast confinement bifurcations are observed in the TFTR core enhanced reverse shear (ERS) regime and in the edge DIII-D H mode. Both show spontaneous E-r shear layer formation prior to the confinement change and a negative E-r well that persists as steep gradients form. These dynamics differ from those of DIII-D negative central shear (NCS) plasmas. There, slow transitions are observed when the applied torque from unidirectional beam injection is small, while faster development and more dramatic confinement improvements occur at higher applied torques. Unlike the H mode and ERS cases, the NCS core generally has a positive E-r hill and no strong E-r shear precursor. However, similarity experiments performed on TFTR indicate that ERS, L mode and NCS-like regimes can all be accessed in a continuous fashion by varying the E x B shear through changes in the applied torque at constant power. As in the DIII-D NCS case, core confinement in TFTR reverse shear plasmas improves slowly as co-rotation begins to dominate the determination of E-r, no strong E-r shear layer develops prior to that improvement, and the plasma possesses a positive E-r hill. Reductions in transport with E-r gradients of either sign are consistent with the picture of E x B shear suppression and decorrelation of turbulence. At fixed input power, intermediate levels of confinement improvement are achieved by varying the E x B shear with changes in the applied neutral beam torque. The data suggest that control over the plasma pressure profile in a reactor may be possible if an external source of E x B shear, such as might be applied with RF techniques, is used to modify the shear which otherwise occurs. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Synakowski, EJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Hammett, Gregory/D-1365-2011; Ernst, Darin/A-1487-2010 OI Hammett, Gregory/0000-0003-1495-6647; Ernst, Darin/0000-0002-9577-2809 NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 1733 EP 1741 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/313 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200014 ER PT J AU Lao, LL Ferron, JR Miller, RL Osborne, TH Chan, VS Groebner, RJ Jackson, GL La Haye, RJ Strait, EJ Taylor, TS Turnbull, AD Doyle, EJ Lazarus, EA Murakami, M McKee, GR Rice, BW Zhang, C Chen, L AF Lao, LL Ferron, JR Miller, RL Osborne, TH Chan, VS Groebner, RJ Jackson, GL La Haye, RJ Strait, EJ Taylor, TS Turnbull, AD Doyle, EJ Lazarus, EA Murakami, M McKee, GR Rice, BW Zhang, C Chen, L TI Effects of plasma shape and profiles on edge stability in DIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID BOOTSTRAP-CURRENT; TOKAMAKS AB The results of recent experimental and theoretical studies concerning the effects of plasma shape and current and pressure profiles on edge instabilities in DIII-D are presented. Magnetic oscillations with toroidal mode number n approximate to 2-9 and a fast growth time gamma(-1) = 20-150 mu s are often observed prior to the first giant type I ELM in discharges with moderate squareness. High n ideal second ballooning stability access encourages edge instabilities by facilitating the buildup of the edge pressure gradient and bootstrap current density, which destabilize the intermediate to low n modes. Analysis suggests that discharges with large edge pressure gradient and bootstrap current density are more unstable to n > 1 modes. Calculations and experimental results show that ELM amplitude and frequency can be varied by controlling access to the second ballooning stability regime at the edge through variation of the squareness of the discharge shape. A new method is proposed to control edge instabilities by reducing access to the second ballooning stability regime at the edge using high order local perturbation of the plasma shape in the outboard bad curvature region. C1 Gen Atom Co, DIIID Natl Fus Facil, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Plasma Phys, Hefei, Peoples R China. RP Lao, LL (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, DIIID Natl Fus Facil, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 1785 EP 1792 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/319 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200020 ER PT J AU Manickam, J Fujita, T Gorelenkov, N Isayama, A Kamada, Y Okabayashi, M Bell, M Budny, R Fredrickson, E Ishida, S Ishii, Y Levinton, F Ozeki, T Shirai, H Takeji, S Zarnstorff, M AF Manickam, J Fujita, T Gorelenkov, N Isayama, A Kamada, Y Okabayashi, M Bell, M Budny, R Fredrickson, E Ishida, S Ishii, Y Levinton, F Ozeki, T Shirai, H Takeji, S Zarnstorff, M TI Localized MHD activity in near internal transport barriers in JT-60U and TFTR SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID REVERSED SHEAR PLASMAS; FUSION TEST REACTOR; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY AB Localized MHD activity observed in JT-60U and TFTR near transport barriers with their associated large pressure gradients is investigated. Stability analysis of equilibria modelling the experiments supports an identification of the MHD activity as being due to an ideal MHD n = 1 instability. Theoretical models are used to identify the dependence of the instability on the salient features of the plasma profiles: the local pressure gradient, local shear in the q profile and the proximity of rational surfaces where q approximate to m/n, with m and n the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively. The mode width is shown to depend on the value of q where the pressure gradient is largest, and increases as q decreases. The edge current density is shown to play an important role in coupling the internal mode to the plasma edge. Energetic particles in these neutral beam heated discharges are shown to drive fishbone-like modes when they exist in sufficient numbers in the vicinity of the maximum perturbation owing to the ideal instability. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. Fus Phys & Technol, Torrance, CA USA. RP Manickam, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 11 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 1819 EP 1826 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/322 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200023 ER PT J AU Kusama, Y Kramer, GJ Kimura, H Saigusa, M Ozeki, T Tobita, K Oikawa, T Shinohara, K Kondoh, T Moriyama, M Tchernychev, FV Nemoto, M Morioka, A Iwase, M Isei, N Fujita, T Takeji, S Kuriyama, M AF Kusama, Y Kramer, GJ Kimura, H Saigusa, M Ozeki, T Tobita, K Oikawa, T Shinohara, K Kondoh, T Moriyama, M Tchernychev, FV Nemoto, M Morioka, A Iwase, M Isei, N Fujita, T Takeji, S Kuriyama, M TI Characteristics of Alfven eigenmodes, burst modes and chirping modes in the Alfven frequency range driven by negative ion based neutral beam injection in JT-60U SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; DIII-D; SHEAR DISCHARGES; TOKAMAK AB The excitation and stabilization of Alfven eigenmodes and their impact on energetic ion confinement were investigated with negative ion based neutral beam injection at 330-360 keV into weak or reversed magnetic shear plasmas on JT-60U. Toroidicity induced Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs) were observed in weak shear plasmas with [beta(h)] greater than or equal to 0.1% and 0.4 less than or equal to v(b parallel to)/v(A) less than or equal to 1. The stability of TAEs is consistent with predictions by the NOVA-K code. New burst modes and chirping modes were observed in the higher beta regime of [beta(h)] greater than or equal to 0.2%. The effect of TAEs, burst modes and chirping modes on fast ion confinement has been found to be small so far. It was found that a strongly reversed shear plasma with internal transport barrier suppresses AEs. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kusama, Y (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. RI Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 NR 19 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 1837 EP 1843 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/324 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200025 ER PT J AU Rice, BW Burrell, KH Ferron, JR Greenfield, CM Jackson, GL Lao, LL La Haye, RJ Luce, TC Stallard, BW Strait, EJ Synakowski, EJ Taylor, TS Turnbull, AD Wade, MR AF Rice, BW Burrell, KH Ferron, JR Greenfield, CM Jackson, GL Lao, LL La Haye, RJ Luce, TC Stallard, BW Strait, EJ Synakowski, EJ Taylor, TS Turnbull, AD Wade, MR TI Progress towards sustainment of advanced tokamak modes in DIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID TEARING MODES; PROFILE CONTROL; CONFINEMENT; THRESHOLD; UPGRADE AB Improving confinement and beta limits simultaneously in long pulse ELMy H mode discharges is investigated. The product beta(N)H(98y) serves as a useful figure of merit for performance, where beta(N) = beta/(I/aB) and H-98y is the ratio of the thermal confinement time to the most recent ELMy H mode confinement scaling established by the ITER confinement database working group. In discharges with q(0) approximate to 1 (no sawteeth) and discharges with q(min) > 1.5 and negative central magnetic shear, beta(N) approximate to 2.9 and H-98y approximate to 1.4 are sustained for up to 2 s. Although peaked profiles are observed, steep internal transport barriers are not present. Further increases in beta(N) in these discharges are limited by neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) in the positive shear region. In another recently developed regime, beta(N) approximate to 3.8 and H-98y approximate to 2 have been sustained during large infrequent ELMs in non-sawtoothing discharges with q(0) approximate to 1. This level of performance is similar to that obtained in ELM free regimes such as VH mode. The limitation on beta(N) and pulse length in these discharges is also the onset of NTMs. C1 Gen Atom Co, DIII D Natl Fus Facil, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rice, BW (reprint author), Xenogen, Alameda, CA USA. NR 18 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 1855 EP 1864 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/326 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200027 ER PT J AU Efthimion, PC Von Goeler, S Houlberg, WA Synakowski, EJ Zarnstorff, MC Batha, SH Bell, RE Bitter, M Bush, CE Levinton, FM Mazzucato, E McCune, DC Mueller, D Park, HK Ramsey, AT Roquemore, AL Taylor, G AF Efthimion, PC Von Goeler, S Houlberg, WA Synakowski, EJ Zarnstorff, MC Batha, SH Bell, RE Bitter, M Bush, CE Levinton, FM Mazzucato, E McCune, DC Mueller, D Park, HK Ramsey, AT Roquemore, AL Taylor, G TI Observation of neoclassical transport in reverse shear plasmas on TFTR SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID MAGNETIC SHEAR; CONFINEMENT; TOKAMAK; REACTOR AB Perturbative experiments on TFTR have investigated the transport of multiple ion species in reverse shear (RS) plasmas. The profile evolutions of trace tritium and helium and intrinsic carbon indicate the formation of core particle transport barriers in enhanced reverse shear (ERS) plasmas. There is an order of magnitude reduction in the particle diffusivity inside the RS region. The diffusivities for these species in ERS plasmas agree with neoclassical theory. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Fus Phys & Technol, Torrance, CA 90503 USA. RP Efthimion, PC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 1905 EP 1909 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/333 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200034 ER PT J AU Toi, K Takechi, M Takagi, S Matsunaga, G Isobe, M Kondo, T Sasao, M Darrow, DS Ohkuni, K Ohdachi, S Akiyama, R Fujisawa, A Gotoh, M Ida, K Idei, H Iguchi, H Kado, S Kojima, M Kubo, S Lee, S Matsuoka, K Minami, T Morita, S Nikai, N Nishimura, S Okamura, S Osakabe, M Shimizu, A Shirai, Y Takahashi, C Tanaka, K Watari, T Yoshimura, Y AF Toi, K Takechi, M Takagi, S Matsunaga, G Isobe, M Kondo, T Sasao, M Darrow, DS Ohkuni, K Ohdachi, S Akiyama, R Fujisawa, A Gotoh, M Ida, K Idei, H Iguchi, H Kado, S Kojima, M Kubo, S Lee, S Matsuoka, K Minami, T Morita, S Nikai, N Nishimura, S Okamura, S Osakabe, M Shimizu, A Shirai, Y Takahashi, C Tanaka, K Watari, T Yoshimura, Y TI Global MHD modes excited by energetic ions in heliotron/torsatron plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID TOROIDAL ALFVEN EIGENMODES; ALPHA-PARTICLES; INSTABILITIES; EXCITATION; TOKAMAKS; TFTR AB Fishbone-like burst modes (FBs) and toroidal Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs) excited by energetic ions were observed for the first time in CHS heliotron/torsatron plasmas heated by co-injected neutral beams, where the rotational transform is increased by the induced beam driven current. FBs of m = 3/n = 2 (where m, n are the poloidal and toroidal mode numbers) induce a pulsed increase in the energetic ion loss flux. FBs of m = 2/n = 1 induce sawtooth oscillations in the latter half of a discharge where the plasma beta becomes high. Only when the beam velocity exceeds about half of the central Alfven velocity and the net plasma current is induced to the required level are TAEs with n = 1 and n = 2 excited; these are localized in the plasma core region, where the magnetic shear is appreciably reduced by the net plasma current. So far, TAE induced energetic ion loss has not been observed. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu, Japan. Nagoya Univ, Dept Energy Engn & Sci, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. Grad Univ Adv Studies, Gifu, Japan. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Toi, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu, Japan. RI Ida, Katsumi/E-4731-2016 OI Ida, Katsumi/0000-0002-0585-4561 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 1929 EP 1933 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/336 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200037 ER PT J AU DeBoo, JC Kinsey, JE Bravenec, R Fredrickson, E Greenfield, CM Lin-Liu, YR Lohr, J Luce, TC McKee, GR Prater, R Rettig, CL Schissel, DP Staebler, GM Waltz, RE AF DeBoo, JC Kinsey, JE Bravenec, R Fredrickson, E Greenfield, CM Lin-Liu, YR Lohr, J Luce, TC McKee, GR Prater, R Rettig, CL Schissel, DP Staebler, GM Waltz, RE TI Experimental tests of transport models using modulated electron cyclotron heating SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID CONFINEMENT; TOKAMAK AB Both the dynamic and equilibrium thermal responses of an L mode plasma to repetitive ECH heat pulses were measured and compared with predictions from several thermal transport models. While no model consistently agreed with all observations, the GLF23 model was most consistent with the perturbed electron and ion temperature responses for one of the cases studied, which may indicate a key role played by electron modes in the core of these discharges. Generally, the IIF and MM models performed well for the perturbed electron response while the GLF23 and IFS/PPPL models agreed with the perturbed ion response for all three cases studied. No single model agreed well with the equilibrium temperature profiles measured. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP DeBoo, JC (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. NR 10 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 1935 EP 1940 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/337 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200038 ER PT J AU Hill, KW Bell, MG Bell, RE Budny, R Bush, CE Ernst, DR Hammett, GS Mikkelsen, DR Park, HK Ramsey, AT Sabbagh, SA Scott, SD Synakowski, EJ Taylor, G Zarnstorff, MC AF Hill, KW Bell, MG Bell, RE Budny, R Bush, CE Ernst, DR Hammett, GS Mikkelsen, DR Park, HK Ramsey, AT Sabbagh, SA Scott, SD Synakowski, EJ Taylor, G Zarnstorff, MC TI Highly radiative plasmas for local transport studies and power and particle handling in reactor regimes SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; TFTR SUPERSHOT PLASMAS; TEMPERATURE PLASMAS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; TOKAMAK; CONFINEMENT; DENSITY; ENERGY; SHEAR AB To study the applicability of artificially enhanced impurity radiation for mitigation of the plasma-limiter interaction in reactor regimes, krypton and xenon gases were injected into TFTR super-shots and high internal inductance plasmas. At NBI powers P-B greater than or equal to 30 MW, carbon influxes ('blooms') were suppressed, leading to improved energy confinement and neutron production in both D and DT plasmas, and the highest DT fusion energy production (7.6 MJ) in a TFTR pulse. Comparisons of the measured radiated power profiles with predictions of the MIST impurity transport code have guided studies of highly radiative plasmas in ITER. The response of the electron and ion temperatures to greatly increased radiative losses from the electrons was used to study thermal transport mechanisms. A change in the radial electric field E-r is associated with the improved confinement observed. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Trintech Corp, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Hill, KW (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; Hammett, Gregory/D-1365-2011; Ernst, Darin/A-1487-2010 OI Hammett, Gregory/0000-0003-1495-6647; Ernst, Darin/0000-0002-9577-2809 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 1949 EP 1954 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/339 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200040 ER PT J AU Semenov, IB Mirnov, SV McGuire, KM Bell, MG Fredrickson, ED Okabayashi, M Savrukhin, PV Taylor, G Vershkov, VA Zakharov, LE AF Semenov, IB Mirnov, SV McGuire, KM Bell, MG Fredrickson, ED Okabayashi, M Savrukhin, PV Taylor, G Vershkov, VA Zakharov, LE TI Some features of the disruption instability in reversed shear TFTR plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID TOKAMAKS AB The behaviour of MHD perturbations before and during disruptions in TFTR reversed shear plasmas with q(min) approximate to 2 was analysed. In the q(min) region, tearing modes, wavelike modes, and mixed tearing plus wavelike modes are followed by disruption. Sometimes a helical snake (helix) appears at the X point of the q(min) island. The local outward electron energy transport near the X point can be explained by the development of 'positive' magnetic islands (islands with positive current perturbations). It is proposed that the disruption is initiated when the X point of the magnetic islands coincides in one toroidal position near the torus equator. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. TRINITI, Troitsk, Russia. Russian Res Ctr, Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP Semenov, IB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 1971 EP 1975 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/342 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200043 ER PT J AU Strait, EJ Garofalo, AM Austin, ME Bialek, JM Chu, MS Fredrickson, ED Lao, LL La Haye, RJ Lazarus, EA McKee, G Navratil, GA Okabayashi, M Rice, BW Sabbagh, SA Scoville, JT Taylor, TS Turnbull, AD Walker, ML AF Strait, EJ Garofalo, AM Austin, ME Bialek, JM Chu, MS Fredrickson, ED Lao, LL La Haye, RJ Lazarus, EA McKee, G Navratil, GA Okabayashi, M Rice, BW Sabbagh, SA Scoville, JT Taylor, TS Turnbull, AD Walker, ML CA DIII-D Team TI Observation and control of resistive wall modes SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID PLASMA ROTATION; FEEDBACK STABILIZATION; TOKAMAKS; SHELL AB Two approaches to achieving long timescale stabilization of the ideal kink mode with a real! finite conductivity wall are considered: plasma rotation and active feedback control. DIII-D experiments have demonstrated stabilization of the resistive wall mode (RWM) by sustaining beta greater than the no-wall limit for up to 200 ms, much longer than the wall penetration time of a few milliseconds. These plasmas are typically terminated by an m = 3, n = 1 mode as the plasma rotation slows below a few kilohertz. Recent temperature profile data show an ideal MHD mode structure, as expected for the RWM at beta above the no-wall limit. The critical rotation rate for stabilization is in qualitative agreement with recent theories for dissipative stabilization in the absence of magnetic islands. However, drag by small amplitude RWMs or damping of stable RWMs may contribute to an observed slowing of rotation at high beta, rendering rotational stabilization more difficult. An initial open loop active control experiment, using non-axisymmetric external coils and a new array of saddle loop detectors, has yielded encouraging results indicating a delayed onset of the RWM. C1 Gen Atom Co, DII D Natl Fus Facil, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. Univ Texas, New York, NY USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Strait, EJ (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, DII D Natl Fus Facil, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. RI Sabbagh, Steven/C-7142-2011; OI Walker, Michael/0000-0002-4341-994X NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 1977 EP 1982 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/343 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200044 ER PT J AU Allen, SL Brooks, NH Bastasz, R Boedo, J Brooks, JN Cuthbertson, JW Evans, TE Fenstermacher, ME Hill, DN Hillis, DL Hogan, J Hyatt, AW Isler, RC Jackson, GL Jernigan, T Lasnier, CJ Lehmer, R Leonard, AW Mahdavi, MA Maingi, R Meyer, WH Mioduszewski, PK Moyer, RA Nilson, DG Owen, LW Petrie, TW Porter, GD Rensink, ME Schaffer, MJ Smith, J Staebler, GM Stambaugh, RD Thomas, DM Wade, MR Wampler, WR Watkins, JG West, WP Whyte, DG Wolf, N Wong, CPC Wood, RD AF Allen, SL Brooks, NH Bastasz, R Boedo, J Brooks, JN Cuthbertson, JW Evans, TE Fenstermacher, ME Hill, DN Hillis, DL Hogan, J Hyatt, AW Isler, RC Jackson, GL Jernigan, T Lasnier, CJ Lehmer, R Leonard, AW Mahdavi, MA Maingi, R Meyer, WH Mioduszewski, PK Moyer, RA Nilson, DG Owen, LW Petrie, TW Porter, GD Rensink, ME Schaffer, MJ Smith, J Staebler, GM Stambaugh, RD Thomas, DM Wade, MR Wampler, WR Watkins, JG West, WP Whyte, DG Wolf, N Wong, CPC Wood, RD CA DIII-D Physics Operations Team TI Radiative divertor and scrape-off layer experiments in open and baffled diverters on DIII-D SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID D TOKAMAK; CONVECTION; PLASMAS AB Recent progress towards an increased understanding of the physical processes in the divertor and scrape-off layer (SOL) plasmas in DIII-D has been made possible by a combination of new diagnostics, improved computational models and changes in divertor geometry. The work focused primarily on ELMing H mode discharges. The physics of partially detached divertor plasmas, with divertor heat flux reduction by divertor radiation enhancement using D-2 puffing, was studied in two dimensions, and a model of the heat and particle transport was developed that includes conduction, convection, ionization, recombination and flows. Plasma and impurity particle flows were measured with Mach probes and spectroscopy and compared with the UEDGE model. The model now includes self-consistent calculations of carbon impurities. Impurity radiation was increased in the divertor and SOL with 'puff and pump' techniques using SOL D-2 puffing, divertor cryopumping and argon puffng. The important physical processes in plasma-wall interactions were examined with a DIMES (divertor material evaluation system) probe; plasma characterization near the divertor plate and the REDEP code. Experiments comparing single null plasma operation in baffled and open diverters demonstrated a change in the edge plasma profiles. These results are consistent with a reduction in the core ionization source calculated with UEDGE. Divertor particle control in ELMing H mode with pumping and baffling resulted in a reduction in Il mode core densities to eta(e)/eta(Gr) approximate to 0.25 (with eta(Gr) the Greenwald density). Divertor particle exhaust and heat flux were studied as the plasma shape was varied from a lower single null to a balanced double null, and finally to an upper single null. C1 Gen Atom Co, DIIID Natl Fus Facil, Phys & Operat Team, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Allen, SL (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, DIIID Natl Fus Facil, Phys & Operat Team, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 2015 EP 2023 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/348 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200049 ER PT J AU Perkins, FW Bondeson, A Buttery, RJ Callen, JD Connor, JW Garofalo, AM Gates, DA Harvey, RW Hegna, CC Hender, TC Huysmans, GTA Kamada, Y La Haye, RJ Pletzer, A Rosenbluth, MN Taylor, TS Wesley, J Wilson, HR Zohm, H AF Perkins, FW Bondeson, A Buttery, RJ Callen, JD Connor, JW Garofalo, AM Gates, DA Harvey, RW Hegna, CC Hender, TC Huysmans, GTA Kamada, Y La Haye, RJ Pletzer, A Rosenbluth, MN Taylor, TS Wesley, J Wilson, HR Zohm, H TI Neoclassical islands, beta-limits, error fields and ELMs in reactor scale tokamaks SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID TEARING MODES; DIII-D; RESISTIVE WALLS; PLASMA ROTATION; CURRENT DRIVE; STABILIZATION; DISCHARGES AB An assessment is presented of the impact of recent magnetohydrodynamic research results on performance projections for reactor scale tokamaks as exemplified by the ITER Final Design Report (ITER/FDR) facility. For nominal ELMy H mode operation, the presence and amplitude of neoclassical tearing modes governs the achievable beta value. Recent work finds that the scaling of beta at which such modes onset agrees well with a polarization drift model, with the consequence that, with reasonable assumptions regarding seed island width, the mode onset beta will be lower in reactor scale tokamaks than in contemporary devices. Confinement degradation by such modes, on the other hand, depends on relative saturated island size which is governed principally by beta and secondarily by upsilon* effects on bootstrap current density. Relative saturated island size should be comparable in present and reactor devices. DT ITER demonstration discharges in JET exhibited no confinement degradation at the planned ITER operating value of beta(N) = 2.2. Theory indicates that electron cyclotron current drive can either stabilize these modes or appreciably reduce saturated island size. Turning to operation in candidate steady state, reverse shear, high bootstrap fraction configurations, wall stabilization of external kink modes is effective while the plasma is rotating but (so far) rotation has not been maintained. Recent error field observations in JET imply an error field size scaling that leads to a projection that the ITER/FDR facility will be somewhat more tolerant to error fields than thought previously. ICRF experiments on JET and Alcator C-Mod indicate that plasmas heated by central energetic particles have benign ELMs compared with the usual type 1 ELM of NBI heated discharges. C1 ITER EDA, INER Joint Cent Team, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan. Chalmers Univ Technol, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. UKAEA Fus, Abingdon, Oxon, England. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. CompX, Del Mar, CA USA. Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. JAERO, Naka Fus Res Estab, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan. Gen Atom, San Diego, CA USA. Inst Plasmaforsch, Stuttgart, Germany. RP Perkins, FW (reprint author), ITER EDA, INER Joint Cent Team, Naka Joint Work Site, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 2051 EP 2054 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/352 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200053 ER PT J AU Kurtz, RJ Jones, RH Bloom, EE Rowcliffe, AF Smith, DL Odette, GR Wiffen, FW AF Kurtz, RJ Jones, RH Bloom, EE Rowcliffe, AF Smith, DL Odette, GR Wiffen, FW TI Progress in the United States programme to develop low activation structural materials for fusion SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID RADIATION; STEELS; DAMAGE; FIBERS AB It has long been recognized that attainment of the safety and environmental potential of fusion energy requires the successful development of low activation materials for the first wall, blanket and other high heat flux structural components. Only a limited number of materials potentially possess the physical, mechanical and low activation characteristics required for this application. The current US structural materials research effort is focused on three candidate materials: advanced ferritic steels, vanadium alloys and silicon carbide composites. Recent progress has been made in understanding the response of these materials to neutron irradiation. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. US DOE, Germantown, MD USA. RP Kurtz, RJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rj.kurtz@pnl.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0029-5515 EI 1741-4326 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 2055 EP 2061 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/353 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200054 ER PT J AU Strauss, HR Park, W Belova, E Fu, GY Sugiyama, LE AF Strauss, HR Park, W Belova, E Fu, GY Sugiyama, LE TI 3-D MHD simulations of pellet injection and disruptions in tokamak plasmas SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA AB Non-linear MHD simulation results of pellet injection show that MHD forces can accelerate large pellets injected on the high field side of a tokamak to the plasma centre. Magnetic reconnection can produce a reverse shear q profile. Ballooning instability caused by pellets is also reduced by high field side injection. Studies are also reported of the current quench phase of disruptions, which can cause 3-D halo currents and runaway electrons. C1 NYU, New York, NY 10012 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Strauss, HR (reprint author), NYU, 550 1St Ave, New York, NY 10012 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 2069 EP 2076 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/355 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200056 ER PT J AU Shaing, KC Aydemir, AY Hazeltine, RD Houlberg, WA Zarnstorff, MC AF Shaing, KC Aydemir, AY Hazeltine, RD Houlberg, WA Zarnstorff, MC TI Intrinsically steady state tokamaks SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference CY OCT 19-24, 1998 CL YOKOHAMA, JAPAN SP IAEA ID TRANSPORT; PLASMAS AB It is shown that tokamaks can be intrinsically steady state without seed currents by coupling potato bootstrap current in the region close to the magnetic axis to the banana bootstrap current away from the axis. The equilibria found are highly elongated (e.g. kappa = 3) and have naturally reversed shear profiles. The vertical instability of elongated tokamaks and the theory of the enhanced reversed shear mode for this class of equilibria are also developed. C1 Univ Texas, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Shaing, KC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Inst Fus Studies, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11Y SI 2 BP 2103 EP 2105 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/39/11Y/360 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 270QC UT WOS:000084546200061 ER PT J AU Adam, W Bauer, C Berdermann, E Bergonzo, P Bogani, F Borchi, E Brambilla, A Bruzzi, M Colledani, C Conway, J Dabrowski, W Delpierre, P Deneuville, A Dulinski, W van Eijk, B Fallou, A Fizzotti, F Foulon, F Friedl, M Gan, KK Gheeraert, E Grigoriev, E Hallewell, G Hall-Wilton, R Han, S Hartjes, F Hrubec, J Husson, D Kagan, H Kania, D Kaplon, J Karl, C Kass, R Krammer, M Logiudice, A Lu, R Manfredi, PF Manfredotti, C Marshall, RD Meier, D Mishina, M Oh, A Palmieri, VG Pan, LS Peitz, A Pernicka, M Pirollo, S Polesello, P Pretzl, K Re, V Riester, JL Roe, S Roff, D Rudge, A Schnetzer, S Sciortino, S Speziali, V Stelzer, H Steuerer, J Stone, R Tapper, RJ Tesarek, R Trawick, M Trischuk, W Turchetta, R Vittone, E Wagner, A Walsh, AM Wedenig, R Weilhammer, P Zeuner, W Ziock, H Zoeller, M Charles, E Ciocio, A Dao, K Einsweiler, K Fasching, D Gilchriese, M Joshi, A Kleinfelder, S Milgrome, O Palaio, N Richardson, J Sinervo, P Zirka, G AF Adam, W Bauer, C Berdermann, E Bergonzo, P Bogani, F Borchi, E Brambilla, A Bruzzi, M Colledani, C Conway, J Dabrowski, W Delpierre, P Deneuville, A Dulinski, W van Eijk, B Fallou, A Fizzotti, F Foulon, F Friedl, M Gan, KK Gheeraert, E Grigoriev, E Hallewell, G Hall-Wilton, R Han, S Hartjes, F Hrubec, J Husson, D Kagan, H Kania, D Kaplon, J Karl, C Kass, R Krammer, M Logiudice, A Lu, R Manfredi, PF Manfredotti, C Marshall, RD Meier, D Mishina, M Oh, A Palmieri, VG Pan, LS Peitz, A Pernicka, M Pirollo, S Polesello, P Pretzl, K Re, V Riester, JL Roe, S Roff, D Rudge, A Schnetzer, S Sciortino, S Speziali, V Stelzer, H Steuerer, J Stone, R Tapper, RJ Tesarek, R Trawick, M Trischuk, W Turchetta, R Vittone, E Wagner, A Walsh, AM Wedenig, R Weilhammer, P Zeuner, W Ziock, H Zoeller, M Charles, E Ciocio, A Dao, K Einsweiler, K Fasching, D Gilchriese, M Joshi, A Kleinfelder, S Milgrome, O Palaio, N Richardson, J Sinervo, P Zirka, G CA RD42 Collaboration TI The first bump-bonded pixel detectors on CVD diamond SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE radiation detectors; position sensitive detectors; pixel detectors; CVD diamond detectors AB Diamond is a nearly ideal material for detecting ionising radiation. Its outstanding radiation hardness, fast charge collection and low leakage current allow it to be used in high radiation environments. These characteristics make diamond sensors particularly appealing for use in the next generation of pixel detectors. Over the last year, the RD42 collaboration has worked with several groups that have developed pixel readout electronics in order to optimise diamond sensors for bump-bonding This effort resulted in an operational diamond pixel sensor that was tested in a pion beam. We demonstrate that greater than 98% of the channels were successfully bump-bonded and functioning. The device shows good overall hit efficiency as well as clear spatial hit correlation to tracks measured in a silicon reference telescope. A position resolution of 14.8 mu m was observed, consistent with expectations given the detector pitch. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Res, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Akad Wissensch, Inst Hochenergiephys Osterr, A-1050 Vienna, Austria. MPI Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. GSI Darmstadt, D-6100 Darmstadt, Germany. CEA Saclay, SPE, DEIN, LETI,CEA Technol Avancess, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ctr Rech Nucl, LEPSI, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. CPPM, F-13288 Marseille, France. LEPES, Grenoble, France. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Turin, Turin, Italy. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Elettr, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. FNAL, Batavia, IL USA. Lab Hochenergiephys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Trischuk, W (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, 60 St George St, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RI Krammer, Manfred/A-6508-2010; Lo Giudice, Alessandro/J-4567-2012; Grigoriev, Eugene/K-6650-2013; Bruzzi, Mara/K-1326-2015; Bergonzo, Philippe/A-6567-2015; Gheeraert, Etienne/E-8071-2015 OI Krammer, Manfred/0000-0003-2257-7751; Lo Giudice, Alessandro/0000-0003-4753-3165; Grigoriev, Eugene/0000-0001-7235-9715; Bruzzi, Mara/0000-0001-7344-8365; Bergonzo, Philippe/0000-0002-0647-9134; Gheeraert, Etienne/0000-0002-9952-5805 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 436 IS 3 BP 326 EP 335 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00548-3 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 253MQ UT WOS:000083560700002 ER PT J AU Beccherle, R Cisternino, A Del Guerra, A Folli, M Marchesini, R Bisogni, MG Ceccopieri, A Rosso, V Stefanini, A Tripiccione, R Kipnis, I AF Beccherle, R Cisternino, A Del Guerra, A Folli, M Marchesini, R Bisogni, MG Ceccopieri, A Rosso, V Stefanini, A Tripiccione, R Kipnis, I TI A VLSI front-end circuit for microstrip silicon detectors for medical imaging applications SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE microstrip silicon detectors; front-end circuits; digital imaging ID DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY; STRIP DETECTORS; SYSTEMS AB An analog CMOS-Integrated Circuit has been developed as Front-End for a double-sided microstrip silicon detector. The IC processes and discriminates signals in the 5-30 keV energy range. Main features are low noise and precise timing information. Low noise is achieved by optimizing the cascoded integrator with the 8 pF detector capacitance and by using an inherently low noise 1.2 mu m CMOS technology. Timing information is provided by a double discriminator architecture. The output of the circuit is a digital pulse. The leading edge is determined by a tired threshold discriminator, while the trailing edge is provided by a zero crossing discriminator. In this paper we first describe the architecture of the Front-End chip. We then present the performance of the chip prototype in terms of noise, minimum discrimination threshold and time resolution. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dipartmento Fis, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Ferrara, Dipartmento Fis, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bisogni, MG (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Pisa, Via Livornese 1291, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 436 IS 3 BP 401 EP 414 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(99)00545-8 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 253MQ UT WOS:000083560700007 ER PT J AU Arnold, R Augier, C Baker, J Barabash, A Blum, D Brudanin, V Caffrey, AJ Campagne, JE Caurier, E Dassie, D Egorov, V Filipova, T Gurriaran, R Guyonnet, JL Hubert, F Hubert, P Jullian, S Kisel, I Kochetov, O Kornoukhov, VN Kovalenko, V Lalanne, D Laplanche, F Leccia, F Linck, I Longuemare, C Marquet, C Mauger, F Nicholson, HW Pilugrin, I Piquemal, F Reyss, JL Sarazin, X Scheibling, F Suhonen, J Sutton, CS Szklarz, G Timkin, V Torres, R Tretyak, VI Umatov, V Vanyushin, I Vareille, A Vasilyev, Y Vylov, T AF Arnold, R Augier, C Baker, J Barabash, A Blum, D Brudanin, V Caffrey, AJ Campagne, JE Caurier, E Dassie, D Egorov, V Filipova, T Gurriaran, R Guyonnet, JL Hubert, F Hubert, P Jullian, S Kisel, I Kochetov, O Kornoukhov, VN Kovalenko, V Lalanne, D Laplanche, F Leccia, F Linck, I Longuemare, C Marquet, C Mauger, F Nicholson, HW Pilugrin, I Piquemal, F Reyss, JL Sarazin, X Scheibling, F Suhonen, J Sutton, CS Szklarz, G Timkin, V Torres, R Tretyak, VI Umatov, V Vanyushin, I Vareille, A Vasilyev, Y Vylov, T TI Double beta decay of Zr-96 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE RADIOACTIVITY Zr-96(2 beta); measured 2 nu associated 2 beta decay T-1/2; 0 nu associated 2 beta decay T-1/2 lower limits ID EXCITED-STATES; CONFINEMENT; DETECTOR; NUCLEI; SE-82; MO-96; GE-76; MODEL AB After 10357 h of running the NEMO-2 tracking detector with an isotopically enriched zirconium source (0.084 mol yr of Zr-96), a beta beta 2v decay half-life of T-1/2 = (2.1(+0.4(stat))(-0.8(stat)) +/- 0.2(syst)) . 10(19) y was measured. Limits with a 90% C.L. on the Zr-96 half-lives of 1.0 . 10(21) y for beta beta 0v decay to the ground state, 3.9 . 10(20) y to the 2(+) excited state and 3.5 . 10(20) y for beta beta 0 nu chi(0) decay with a Majoron(chi(0)) were obtained. The data also provide direct limits at the 90% C.L. for the Zr-94 half-lives. These limits are 1.1 . 10(17) y for beta beta 2v decay to the ground state, 1.9 . 10(19) y for beta beta 0v decay to the ground state and 2.3 . 10(18) y for beta beta 0 nu chi(0) decay to ground state. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 IN2P3, CENBG, F-33170 Gradignan, France. Univ Bordeaux, F-33170 Gradignan, France. IN2P3, LPC, CNRS, F-14032 Caen, France. Univ Caen, F-14032 Caen, France. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. CFR, CNRS, F-91190 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Jyvaskyla, SF-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. INR, UA-252028 Kiev, Ukraine. IN2P3, LAL, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Paris Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France. MHC, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA. Univ Strasbourg 1, IReS, IN2P3, CNRS, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. RP Barabash, A (reprint author), Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, B Cheremushkinskaya 25, Moscow 117259, Russia. RI Caffrey, Augustine/C-2005-2009; Barabash, Alexander/S-8851-2016; OI Tretyak, Vladimir/0000-0002-2369-0679 NR 29 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 658 IS 4 BP 299 EP 312 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(99)00374-7 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 266BC UT WOS:000084279900001 ER PT J AU Teodorescu, L Gueye, P Angelescu, T Baker, OK Ent, R Guidal, M Laget, JM Mitchell, J Niculescu, G Vanderhaeghen, M Williams, R AF Teodorescu, L Gueye, P Angelescu, T Baker, OK Ent, R Guidal, M Laget, JM Mitchell, J Niculescu, G Vanderhaeghen, M Williams, R TI Lambda polarization in associated K+-Lambda electro-production SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID KAON PHOTOPRODUCTION; ELECTROPRODUCTION; MODEL AB The result of a feasibility study to measure the II polarization in associated K+-Lambda electro-production is presented. This measurement was performed in the experimental Hall C at Jefferson Lab. The scattered electron was detected in the HMS spectrometer, and the electro-produced kaon and the proton from the Lambda --> p pi(-) decay were both detected in the SOS spectrometer. This quantity is very sensitive to the elementary p(e,e' K)Lambda process and gives information on resonance production, and Regge exchange, among others. The result presented was measured at Q(2) = 1.50 (GeV/c)(2) and cos theta(K gamma)(CM) = 14 degrees. The limits of the Lambda polarization, with respect to the P-gamma X P-K axis, were found to be -0.21 and +0.89 with a confidence level of 68%. The result is compared to theoretical predictions based on an effective hadronic field Lagrangian model and a Regge framework model. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Bucharest, Dept Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Nucl High Energy Phys Res Ctr Excellence, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Div Phys, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. Ctr Etud Saclay, CEA, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Nucl, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Clippinger Labs 251B, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Univ Mainz, Inst Kernphys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. RP Teodorescu, L (reprint author), Univ Bucharest, Dept Phys, POB MG12, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 658 IS 4 BP 362 EP 371 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(99)00366-8 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 266BC UT WOS:000084279900005 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, H AF Lichtenstein, H TI Exponential convergence rates for reduced-source Monte Carlo transport in [x, mu] geometry SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB An adaptive reduced-source approach is utilized for a Monte Carlo transport solution for the one-speed finite slab problem in [x, u] geometry. Although a solution for the underlying problem has been available to arbitrary precision for some time, the purpose here is to demonstrate how the convergence afforded by traditional (nonadaptive) Monte Carlo can be improved significantly, without compromising its precision. It is demonstrated that the reduced-source Monte Carlo technique obtains multiple-orders-of-magnitude improvement over traditional Monte Carlo convergence for the two-dimensional transport problem treated. The goal is that ongoing research will obtain exponential convergence for practical applications that are not tractable with methodology currently available. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, XTM, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lichtenstein, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Transport Methods Grp, XTM, POB 1663,MSD409, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 133 IS 3 BP 258 EP 268 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 250EL UT WOS:000083376000002 ER PT J AU Basti, A Bedeschi, F Chiarelli, G Demina, R Gaggelli, A Goldstein, J Guerzoni, M Hrycyk, M Incandela, J Lei, CM Leonardi, G Leone, S Moggi, A Munar-Ara, A Palmonari, F Piacentino, G Raffaelli, F Stuart, D Turini, N Zucchelli, S AF Basti, A Bedeschi, F Chiarelli, G Demina, R Gaggelli, A Goldstein, J Guerzoni, M Hrycyk, M Incandela, J Lei, CM Leonardi, G Leone, S Moggi, A Munar-Ara, A Palmonari, F Piacentino, G Raffaelli, F Stuart, D Turini, N Zucchelli, S TI The intermediate silicon layers space frame SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA A-NUCLEI PARTICLES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Large Scale Applications and Radiation Hardness of Semiconductor Detectors CY JUN 23-25, 1999 CL FLORENCE, ITALY AB The Intermediate Silicon Layers (ISL) detector is being built as part of the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) upgrades for the run ii operation of Tevatron. The ISL Space Frame (SF) is a structure that defines the location of the ISL detectors, supports the micro-vertex silicon trackers (SVXII, L00) as well as the beryllium beam pipe. The SF design, project and construction are challenging due to the precision and mechanical stability requirements that must be achieved using a minimum amount of material. The SF is a high-precision light structure made of carbon fiber designed and built at the INFN Pisa and shipped at Fermilab in summer 1999. In this contribution we describe in detail the SF construction phase and the accuracy obtained. C1 Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Basti, A (reprint author), Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Pisa, Via Livornese 1291, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. EM palmonar@galileo.pi.infn.it RI Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; OI Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Turini, Nicola/0000-0002-9395-5230 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, I-40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1124-1861 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO A JI Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A-Nucl. Part. Fields PD NOV PY 1999 VL 112 IS 11 BP 1345 EP 1350 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 286AU UT WOS:000085421200011 ER PT J AU Affolder, A Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barker, G Basti, A Bedeschi, F Bisello, D Blusk, S Caskey, W Chiarelli, G Connolly, A Demina, R Ely, R Field, R Garcia-Sciveres, M Giolo, K Goldstein, D Goldstein, J Grim, G Guerzoni, M Haas, R Haber, C Hara, K Hartmann, F Heiss, A Hill, C Hrycyk, M Incandela, J Kato, Y Knoblauch, D Kruse, M Lander, R Lei, CM Leonardi, G Leone, S Martignon, G Miyazaky, Y Moggi, A Muller, T Munar, A Okusawa, T Palmonari, F Paulini, M Pellett, D Piacentino, G Raffaelli, F Roederer, F Saltzberg, D Schilling, M Shimojima, M Stuart, D Takano, T Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tipton, P Turini, N Volobouev, I Yao, W Yoshida, T Wenzel, H Wilkes, T Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Affolder, A Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barker, G Basti, A Bedeschi, F Bisello, D Blusk, S Caskey, W Chiarelli, G Connolly, A Demina, R Ely, R Field, R Garcia-Sciveres, M Giolo, K Goldstein, D Goldstein, J Grim, G Guerzoni, M Haas, R Haber, C Hara, K Hartmann, F Heiss, A Hill, C Hrycyk, M Incandela, J Kato, Y Knoblauch, D Kruse, M Lander, R Lei, CM Leonardi, G Leone, S Martignon, G Miyazaky, Y Moggi, A Muller, T Munar, A Okusawa, T Palmonari, F Paulini, M Pellett, D Piacentino, G Raffaelli, F Roederer, F Saltzberg, D Schilling, M Shimojima, M Stuart, D Takano, T Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tipton, P Turini, N Volobouev, I Yao, W Yoshida, T Wenzel, H Wilkes, T Zetti, F Zucchelli, S TI The CDF intermediate silicon layers detector SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA A-NUCLEI PARTICLES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Large Scale Applications and Radiation Hardness of Semiconductor Detectors CY JUN 23-25, 1999 CL FLORENCE, ITALY AB The Intermediate Silicon Layers detector (ISL) was proposed as a part of the upgraded CDF detector at the RUN-II of the Tevatron p (p) over bar Collider at Fermilab, scheduled to start in year 2000. The ISL is a large-radius (20-30 cm) silicon tracker with a total active area of about 3.5 m(2). Located in the region between the Silicon Vertex Detector (SVX II) and the Central Outer Tracker, the ISL will allow tracking in the forward region and significantly improve it in the central area. Together with the SVX II the ISL forms a standalone, 3D silicon tracker. The challenge is to build a low-cost device which provides precise 3D tracking in a approximate to 2m long area with a minimal amount of material for the supporting structure. The conceptual design and the status of the project are reviewed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76148 Karlsruhe, Germany. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Cassino, I-03043 Cassino, Italy. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sezione Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. RP Affolder, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM munar@galileo.pi.infn.it RI Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Hill, Christopher/B-5371-2012; OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Hill, Christopher/0000-0003-0059-0779; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Turini, Nicola/0000-0002-9395-5230; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, I-40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1124-1861 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO A JI Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. A-Nucl. Part. Fields PD NOV PY 1999 VL 112 IS 11 BP 1351 EP 1357 PG 7 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 286AU UT WOS:000085421200012 ER PT J AU Holm, DD AF Holm, DD TI Alpha models for 3D Eulerian mean fluid circulation SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA C-GEOPHYSICS AND SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REYNOLDS STRESS; CLASSICAL-SOLUTIONS; TURBULENCE; EQUATIONS; FAMILY; GRADE; FLOW AB We provide a summary of the known analytical properties of the alpha models, including an outline of their derivation and the associated assumptions, their simplification for the case of constant dispersion length (alpha) and their conservation properties. We also offer interpretations of nonlinear dynamics of the viscous alpha models and indicate the differences one might expect from the dynamics of the Navier-Stokes equations. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Holm, DD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI BOLOGNA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, I-40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 0390-5551 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO C JI Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. C-Geophys. Space Phys. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 22 IS 6 BP 857 EP 866 PG 10 GA 274ZP UT WOS:000084795200010 ER PT J AU Dobson, JE AF Dobson, JE TI On "metabolic maladaptation: Individual and social consequences of medical intervention in correcting endemic hypothyroidism" By Glenn William Geelhoed, MD, DTMH, MPH, FACS SO NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dobson, JE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 15 IS 11-12 BP 939 EP 939 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 252JA UT WOS:000083497300021 ER PT J AU Congdon, JD Nagle, RD Dunham, AE Beck, CW Kinney, OM Yeomans, SR AF Congdon, JD Nagle, RD Dunham, AE Beck, CW Kinney, OM Yeomans, SR TI The relationship of body size to survivorship of hatchling snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina): an evaluation of the "bigger is better"' hypothesis SO OECOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE body size; hatchlings; nest emergence; size-specific survivorship; turtles ID POSTHATCHING YOLK RESERVES; LONG-LIVED ORGANISMS; NATURAL-SELECTION; PARENTAL INVESTMENT; LOCOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; AMERICAN ALLIGATORS; UTA-STANSBURIANA; EGG COMPONENTS; OFFSPRING SIZE; SURVIVAL AB Tn many organisms, body size is positively correlated with traits that are presumably related to fitness. If directional selection frequently favors larger offspring (the "bigger is better" hypothesis), the results of such selection should be detectable with field experiments. We tested the "bigger is better" hypothesis in hatchling snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) by conducting one long-term and three short-term experiments on the University of Michigan E.S. George Reserve in southeastern Michigan. In the fall of 1995 and 1996, we released hatchlings at artificial nests separated from the nearest wetland by fences. We recorded the proportion of hatchlings recaptured, the time it took hatchlings to move to fences from artificial nests 45, 55, and 80 m away, and dispersion along the fence. We determined whether the response variables and probability of recapture at fences were associated with hatchling body size. During 1995, average travel times of hatchlings from the experimental nests were not related to distance from the fence; however, time to recapture was positively con-elated with dispersion from the zero point on the fence, and the maximum time to reach the fence was almost twice as long for hatchlings from the 80-m nest compared to those from the 45-m nest. Sixty-seven percent of the hatchlings reached the fence and the proportions doing so from each nest were not different. Body size was not significantly related to probability of recapture in either of the 1995 experiments. In 1996, 59% of released hatchlines were recaptured. Time to recapture was not related to dispersion from the zero point or to body size. Cubic spline analysis suggested stabilizing selection on body size. We also conducted a set of long-term hatchling release experiments between 1980-1993 to compare the survival of hatchlings released at nest sites to that of hatchlings released directly into marshes, and we looked for relationships between survivorship and hatchling body size. During 7 years in which more than 30 hatchlings were released, 413 hatchlings were released directly into the marsh and 262 were released at nests: their probability of survival did not differ. Over all years, for both release groups combined and for each group separately, survival was not related to body size. In 1983 alone, survival was also not related to body size for either group or for both groups combined. In our three short-term experiments and one long-term experiment, we found no evidence to support the "bigger is better'' hypothesis. When selection on body size did occur, selection was stabilizing, not directional for larger size. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Congdon, JD (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 45 TC 96 Z9 100 U1 3 U2 29 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-8549 J9 OECOLOGIA JI Oecologia PD NOV PY 1999 VL 121 IS 2 BP 224 EP 235 DI 10.1007/s004420050924 PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 258NY UT WOS:000083846300009 PM 28308562 ER PT J AU Willig, TN Niemeyer, CM Leblanc, T Tiemann, C Robert, A Budde, J Lambiliotte, A Kohne, E Souillet, G Eber, S Stephan, JL Girot, R Bordigoni, P Cornu, G Blanche, S Guillard, JM Mohandas, N Tchernia, G AF Willig, TN Niemeyer, CM Leblanc, T Tiemann, C Robert, A Budde, J Lambiliotte, A Kohne, E Souillet, G Eber, S Stephan, JL Girot, R Bordigoni, P Cornu, G Blanche, S Guillard, JM Mohandas, N Tchernia, G CA Soc Hematol Immunol Pediatrique Gesell Padiatrische Onkol Hamatol European Soc Pediat Hematol Immunol TI Identification of new prognosis factors from the clinical and epidemiologic analysis of a registry of 229 Diamond-Blackfan anemia patients SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Soc Hematol, US Dept Vet Affairs Merit Res Funds, NIH ID BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; RED-CELL APLASIA; CHROMOSOME 19Q13; PREDNISONE; BIRTH; GENE AB Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a constitutional disease characterized by a specific maturation defect in cells of erythroid lineage. We have assembled a registry of 229 DBA patients, which includes 151 patients from France, 70 from Germany, and eight from other countries. Presence of malformations was significantly and independently associated with familial history of DBA, short stature at presentation (before any steroid therapy), and absence of hypotrophy at birth. Two hundred twenty-two patients were available for long-term follow-up analysis (median, 111.5 mo). Of these individuals, 62.6% initially responded to steroid therapy. Initial steroid responsiveness was found significantly and independently associated with older age at presentation, familial history of DBA, and a normal platelet count at the time of diagnosis. Severe evolution of the disease (transfusion dependence or death) was significantly and independently associated with a younger age at presentation and with a history of premature birth. In contrast, patients with a familial history of the disease experienced a better outcome. Outcome analysis revealed the benefit of reassessing steroid responsiveness during the course of the disease for initially nonresponsive patients. Bone marrow transplantation was successful in 11/13 cases; HLA typing of probands and siblings should be performed early if patients are transfusion dependent, and cord blood should be preserved. Incidence of DBA (assessed for France over a 13-y period) is 7.3 cases per million live births without effect of seasonality on incidence of the disease or on malformative status. Similarly, no parental imprinting effect or anticipation phenomenon could be documented in families with dominant inheritance. C1 Hop Bicetre, Assistance Publ Hop Paris, Dept Pediat, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicetre, France. Univ Paris 11, Fac Med Paris Sud, F-94275 Le Kremlin Bicetre, France. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Freiburg, Kinderklin, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. Hop St Louis, Assistance Publ Hop Paris, Serv Hematol Pediat, F-75010 Paris, France. Hop Purpan, Serv Hematol Pediat, F-31059 Toulouse, France. Hop Mere Enfants Jeanne Flandre, Serv Pediat, F-59000 Lille, France. Univ Ulm, Childrens Hosp, D-89075 Ulm, Germany. Hop Debrousse, Serv Hematol Pediat & Greffe Moelle, F-69322 Lyon, France. Univ Gottingen, Childrens Hosp, D-37075 Gottingen, Germany. CHU Hop St Etienne, Hop Enfants, Serv Pediat, F-42055 St Etienne, France. Hop Tenon, Assistance Publ Hop Paris, Hematol Lab, F-75020 Paris, France. CHU Nancy, Serv Med Infantile 2, F-54511 Vandoeuvre Nancy, France. Clin Univ St Luc, Serv Hematol Pediat, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. Hop Necker Enfants Malad, Assistance Publ Hop Paris, Unite Hematol & Immunol Pediat, F-75014 Paris, France. Hop Enfants Pellegrin, Serv Pediat B, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. RP Willig, TN (reprint author), LSD, LBNL, Mail Stop 74-217,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Brugnara, Carlo/A-8041-2010 OI Brugnara, Carlo/0000-0001-8192-8713 NR 28 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 46 IS 5 BP 553 EP 561 DI 10.1203/00006450-199911000-00011 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 247XV UT WOS:000083247000011 PM 10541318 ER PT J AU Piepel, GF AF Piepel, GF TI Modeling methods for mixture-of-mixtures experiments applied to a tablet formulation problem SO PHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE empirical modeling; experimental design; mixture experiment; simultaneous optimization; statistical methods ID HIGH-SHEAR MIXER; EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN; PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS; SOLUBILITY PREDICTIONS; STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES; OPTIMIZATION AB During the past few years, statistical methods for the experimental design, modeling, and optimization of mixture experiments have been widely applied to drug formulation problems. Different methods are required for mixture-of-mixtures (MoM) experiments in which a formulation is a mixture of two or more ''major" components, each of which is a mixture of one or more ''minor'' components. Two types of MoM experiments are briefly described. A tablet formulation optimization example from a 1997 article in this journal is used to illustrate one type of MoM experiment and corresponding empirical modeling methods. Literature references that discuss other methods for MoM experiments are also provided. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Stat Grp, Pacific NW Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Piepel, GF (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Stat Grp, Pacific NW Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 1083-7450 J9 PHARM DEV TECHNOL JI Pharm. Dev. Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 4 IS 4 BP 593 EP 606 DI 10.1081/PDT-100101398 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 256QB UT WOS:000083735600016 PM 10578514 ER PT J AU Keblinski, P Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Gleiter, H AF Keblinski, P Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Gleiter, H TI Self-diffusion in high-angle fcc metal grain boundaries by molecular dynamics simulation SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; STRUCTURE-ENERGY CORRELATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; SYMMETRICAL TILT; CUBIC METALS; TRANSITION; BICRYSTALS; COPPER; PLANES; MODEL AB Recent molecular dynamics simulations of high-energy high-angle twist grain boundaries (GBs) in Si revealed a universal liquid-like high-temperature structure which, at lower temperatures, undergoes a reversible structural and dynamical transition from a confined liquid to a solid; low-energy boundaries, by contrast, were found to remain solid all the way up to the melting point. Here we demonstrate for the case of palladium that fcc metal GBs behave in much the same manner. Remarkably, at high temperatures the few representative high-energy high-angle (tilt or twist) boundaries examined here exhibit the same, rather low self-diffusion activation energy and an isotropic liquid-like diffusion mechanism that is independent of the boundary misorientation. These observations are in qualitative agreement with recent GB self- and impurity-diffusion experiments by Budke et al. on Cu. Our simulations demonstrate that the decrease in the activation energy at elevated temperatures is caused by a structural transition, from a solid boundary structure at low temperatures to a liquid-like structure at high temperatures. Consistent with the experiments, the transition temperature decreases with increasing GB energy, that is with increasing degree of short-range GB structural disorder. By contrast, the degree of long-range structural disorder in the zero-temperature GB appears to play no role in whether or not the GB undergoes such a transition;It elevated temperatures. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Keblinski, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012; OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 39 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 79 IS 11 BP 2735 EP 2761 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 260LY UT WOS:000083953200011 ER PT J AU Cantoni, C Norton, DP Christen, DK Goyal, A Kroeger, DM Verebelyi, DT Paranthaman, M AF Cantoni, C Norton, DP Christen, DK Goyal, A Kroeger, DM Verebelyi, DT Paranthaman, M TI Transport and structural characterization of epitaxial Nd1+xBa2-xCu3Oy thin films grown on LaAlO3 and Ni metal substrates by pulsed-laser deposition SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE Nd-123; applications of high-T-c superconductors; grain alignment (texturing); thin films ID SUPERCONDUCTORS AB The epitaxial growth and properties of Nd1+xBa2-xCu3Oy (NdBCO) thin films using pulsed-laser deposition are reported. Thin films on single crystal LaAlO3 having T-c0 = 93 K and J(c)(H= 0, T = 77 K)= 3 MA/cm(2) were reproducibly fabricated. NdBCO films were subsequently grown on textured Ni substrates on which a YSZ/CeO2 buffer-layer architecture was previously deposited by the same PLD technique. X-ray diffraction data showed a high degree of in-plane and out-of-plane alignment for the different layers of these coated conductors. Electron diffraction analysis of the NdBCO film revealed dense morphology and low-angle grain boundaries (less than or equal to 3 degrees). Direct current transport measurements yielded a J(c) of about 300 kA/cm(2) at zero field and 77 K. J(c) dependence on the field intensity and orientation revealed enhanced pinning at high fields with respect to YBCO and NdBCO films on LaAlO3. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cantoni, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008,MS-6061, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Cantoni, Claudia/G-3031-2013 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Cantoni, Claudia/0000-0002-9731-2021 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 324 IS 3-4 BP 177 EP 186 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(99)00498-0 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 261LQ UT WOS:000084011000009 ER PT J AU Zunger, A AF Zunger, A TI Anomalous behavior of the nitride alloys SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS 99) CY JUL 04-09, 1999 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE ID GAASN ALLOYS; BAND-GAPS; SEMICONDUCTORS; ZINCBLENDE; GAN AB This paper summarizes the way in which nitride alloys InGaN and GaAsN are anomalous. It predicts wave function localization states inside the band gap, unusual pressure dependence, effects of short-range order and percolation. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zunger, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 20 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 216 IS 1 BP 117 EP 123 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3951(199911)216:1<117::AID-PSSB117>3.3.CO;2-R PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 264QX UT WOS:000084193900024 ER PT J AU Skierbiszewski, C Perlin, P Wisniewski, P Suski, T Walukiewicz, W Shan, W Ager, JW Haller, EE Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ Olson, JM Kurtz, SR AF Skierbiszewski, C Perlin, P Wisniewski, P Suski, T Walukiewicz, W Shan, W Ager, JW Haller, EE Geisz, JF Friedman, DJ Olson, JM Kurtz, SR TI Effect of nitrogen-induced modification of the conduction band structure on electron transport in GaAsN alloys SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS 99) CY JUL 04-09, 1999 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE ID LASER-DIODES; GAINNAS AB We report pressure studies of conductivity, photoconductivity and Hall effect in Si doped GaAs0.986N0.014. We observed that pressure causes an unusually large reduction of the electron mobility in this compound (factor of 2.5 in the pressure range 0 to 2 GPa). We also measured the pressure coefficient of the energy gap and we found it, in agreement with previous reports, to be reduced by almost 40% compared to that of GaAs. These results can be successfully explained by a recently proposed, phenomenological model based on the concept of an anticrossing interaction between localized N-related states (resonant with the conduction band) and conduction band states. This model explains well the reduction of the pressure coefficient of the bandgap and predicts an enhancement of the effective mass of GaAs1-xNx. The decrease of electron mobility observed in the present study is in agreement with this latter prediction. C1 High Pressure Res Ctr Unipress, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Sci Mat, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Skierbiszewski, C (reprint author), High Pressure Res Ctr Unipress, Sokolowska 29, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. OI Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 10 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 216 IS 1 BP 135 EP 139 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3951(199911)216:1<135::AID-PSSB135>3.0.CO;2-# PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 264QX UT WOS:000084193900027 ER PT J AU Schmidt, TJ Fischer, AJ Song, JJ AF Schmidt, TJ Fischer, AJ Song, JJ TI Optical nonlinearities in the band edge region of highly excited (In)GaN thin films studied via femtosecond and nanosecond optical pump-probe spectroscopy SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS 99) CY JUL 04-09, 1999 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE ID GAP; SEMICONDUCTORS; DIODES; INGAN AB We present the results of a detailed study of the band edge absorption changes in GaN and InGaN thin films induced by the presence of excess photo-generated free carriers. The Is A and B free excitonic resonances in GaN are shown to decrease with increasing above-gap nanosecond optical excitation due to screening by free carriers and exciton-exciton scattering. The decrease in excitonic absorption with increasing above-gap excitation is accompanied by a significant increase in the below-gap absorption coefficient. To further explore this behavior, femtosecond nondegenerate optical pump-probe experiments were also performed using an amplified Ti:sapphire laser. Exciton saturation due to screening by free carriers and excitonic phase space filling was again observed, along with a modest amount of below-gap induced absorption attributed to band gap renormalization. Similar experiments were performed on InGaN thin films. The band edge absorption changes observed in InGaN films were found to be significantly different than those observed in GaN. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Laser & Photon Res, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Williams Commun, Technol Dev, Tulsa, OK 74172 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Compound Semicond Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schmidt, TJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Ctr Laser & Photon Res, Rm 413 NRC, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 216 IS 1 BP 505 EP 509 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3951(199911)216:1<505::AID-PSSB505>3.0.CO;2-W PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 264QX UT WOS:000084193900097 ER PT J AU Suski, T Perlin, P Skierbiszewski, C Wisniewski, P Dmowski, L Leszczynski, M Walukiewicz, W AF Suski, T Perlin, P Skierbiszewski, C Wisniewski, P Dmowski, L Leszczynski, M Walukiewicz, W TI Pressure studies of defects and impurities in nitrides SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS 99) CY JUL 04-09, 1999 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE ID PERSISTENT PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; QUANTUM-WELLS; GALLIUM NITRIDE; GAN; ALGAN; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; METASTABILITY; TEMPERATURE; OXYGEN; DONORS AB A review of the selected results concerning the role of hydrostatic pressure in studies of impurity and defect centers in III-V nitrides, and in InGaAsN with small amount of N is presented. Firstly, the shallow to deep impurity state transition for basic donors, i.e. Si and O in GaN and AlGaN and their DX-Iike center behavior is discussed. It corresponds to the localized state of the appropriate donor (resonant with the conduction band at low pressures) which enters the band gap of GaN or AlxGa1-xN at sufficiently high pressure and/or x value. Next, the concept of pressure application to prove the effective mass character of Mg acceptor in GaN is demonstrated. We also present results of an anomalous decrease of the pressure coefficient with increasing amount of In in InyGa1-yN for photoluminescence and electroluminescence. It is compared with the pressure induced changes of the photocurrent spectrum in green Nichia diodes which we consider as corresponding to the variation of the InxGa1-yN band gap with pressure. Finally studies of the peculiarities of the conduction band structure and related transport properties as a function of pressure in InGaAsN are presented. C1 Polish Acad Sci, UNIPRESS, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Suski, T (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, UNIPRESS, Ul Sokolowska 29, PL-01142 Warsaw, Poland. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 216 IS 1 BP 521 EP 528 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3951(199911)216:1<521::AID-PSSB521>3.0.CO;2-3 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 264QX UT WOS:000084193900100 ER PT J AU Percival, PW Brodovitch, JC Ghandi, K Addison-Jones, B Schuth, J Bartels, DM AF Percival, PW Brodovitch, JC Ghandi, K Addison-Jones, B Schuth, J Bartels, DM TI Muonium in sub- and supercritical water SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; TEMPERATURE; CHEMISTRY; ELECTRONS AB Muonium has been studied in muon-irradiated water over a wide range of conditions, from standard temperature and pressure (STP) up to 350 bar and up to 420 degrees C, corresponding to water densities from 1.0 down to 0.1 g cm(-3). This is the first report of muonium in supercritical water. Muonium was unambiguously identified from its spin precession frequencies in small transverse magnetic fields. The hyperfine constant was determined and found to be similar to the published values for muonium in water at STP and in vacuum. Muonium was found to be long-lived over the whole range of conditions studied. The fraction of muons which form muonium was found to vary markedly over the density range studied. Correlation of the muonium fraction with the ionic product of water suggests a common cause, such as the rate of proton transfer between molecules involved in the radiolysis of water and the formation of MuOH, which competes with muonium formation. C1 Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Simon Fraser Univ, TRIUMF, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Percival, PW (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. OI Percival, Paul/0000-0002-6512-128X NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI PCCP Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 1 IS 21 BP 4999 EP 5004 DI 10.1039/a906925i PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 251FZ UT WOS:000083435100013 ER PT J AU Wu, JS Derrickson, JH Parnell, TA Strayer, MR AF Wu, JS Derrickson, JH Parnell, TA Strayer, MR TI Screening effect in electromagnetic production of electron-positron pairs in relativistic nucleus-atom collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; COULOMB COLLISIONS; SULFUR IONS; FIXED TARGETS; FIELDS AB We study the screening effects of the atomic electrons in the electromagnetic production of electron-positron pairs in relativistic nucleus-atom collisions for fixed target experiments. Our results are contrasted with those obtained in bare collisions, with particular attention given to its dependence on the beam energy and the target atom. [S1050-2947(99)06311-8]. C1 Fayetteville State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Fayetteville, NC 28301 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wu, JS (reprint author), Fayetteville State Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Fayetteville, NC 28301 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 BP 3722 EP 3726 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.3722 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 257ED UT WOS:000083768800054 ER PT J AU Rescigno, TN McCurdy, CW Isaacs, WA Baertschy, M AF Rescigno, TN McCurdy, CW Isaacs, WA Baertschy, M TI Use of two-body close-coupling formalisms to calculate three-body breakup cross sections SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-HYDROGEN SCATTERING; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; IMPACT IONIZATION; PSEUDOSTATE EXPANSIONS; QUANTUM SCATTERING; SIMPLIFIED MODEL; ASYMPTOTIC FORM; CONVERGENCE AB We analyze the consequences of discretizing one of the two continua in three-body breakup to reduce it to a two-body close-coupling problem. We identify the origin of oscillations in the singly differential cross section in those "convergent close-coupling" calculations as lying only in the way the cross section is calculated from the wave function and not in the wave function itself. The anomalous "step-function" behavior of those calculations is derived from a stationary-phase argument. Calculations are presented on the Temkin-Poet model for electron-impact ionization of hydrogen, a breakup problem with exponential potentials, and an analytically solvable model. The anomalies associated with two-body close-coupling calculations are demonstrated using wave functions from complex exterior scaling calculations that otherwise give converged results without any anomalies. [S1050-2947(99)07111-5]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rescigno, TN (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 BP 3740 EP 3749 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.3740 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 257ED UT WOS:000083768800057 ER PT J AU Maddi, JA Dinneen, TP Gould, H AF Maddi, JA Dinneen, TP Gould, H TI Slowing and cooling molecules and neutral atoms by time-varying electric-field gradients SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POLAR-MOLECULES; DIPOLE POLARIZABILITIES; FREQUENCY-SHIFT; MAGNETIC TRAP; INTENSE LIGHT; CHARGED WIRE; VAPOR-CELL; FOUNTAIN; SODIUM; SPECTROSCOPY AB A method of slowing, accelerating, cooling, and bunching molecules and neutral atoms using time-varying electric-field gradients is demonstrated with cesium atoms in a fountain. The effects are measured and found to be in agreement with our calculations. Time-varying electric-field-gradient slowing and cooling is applicable to atoms that have large dipole polarizabilities, including atoms that are not amenable to laser slowing and cooling, to Rydberg atoms, and to molecules, especially polar molecules with large electric dipole moments. The possible applications of this method include slowing and cooling thermal beams of atoms and molecules, launching cold atoms from a trap into a fountain, and measuring atomic dipole polarizabilities. [S1050-2947(99)01211-1]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Maddi, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 71-259, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 72 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 BP 3882 EP 3891 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.3882 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 257ED UT WOS:000083768800071 ER PT J AU Beiersdorfer, P Brown, G Utter, S Neill, P Reed, KJ Smith, AJ Thoe, RS AF Beiersdorfer, P Brown, G Utter, S Neill, P Reed, KJ Smith, AJ Thoe, RS TI Polarization of K-shell x-ray transitions of Ti19+ and Ti20+ excited by an electron beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; HIGHLY-CHARGED IONS; LINE POLARIZATION; SATELLITE LINES; HE-LIKE; EXCITATION; FE; RECOMBINATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER AB The x-ray spectrum of heliumlike Ti20+ excited by a monoenergetic electron beam was measured at an energy just above the electron-impact excitation threshold (4800 eV) with a. pair of polarization-sensitive spectrometers. Values for the linear polarization were inferred for the 1s2p P-1(1)--> 1s(2 1)S(0) resonance line, the 1s2p P-3(1) --> 1s(2) S-1(0) intercombination line, the 1s2p P-3(2) --> 1s(2) S-1(0) magnetic quadrupole line, and the ls2s S-3(1) --> 1s(2) S-1(0) forbidden line, as well as for the ls2s2p P-2(3/2)--> 1s(2)2s S-2(1/2) resonance line in Ti19+ Relativistic distorted-wave calculations of the magnetic sublevel-specific electron-impact excitation cross sections are presented for comparison. Combined with earlier measurements of iron, the results confirm the predicted Z dependence of the polarization. [S1050-2947(99)07611-8]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Space Technol, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Morehouse Coll, Dept Phys, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Beiersdorfer, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys & Space Technol, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 26 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 BP 4156 EP 4159 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.60.4156 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 257ED UT WOS:000083768800107 ER PT J AU Zarestky, J Stassis, C Goldman, A Canfield, PC Shirane, C Shapiro, S AF Zarestky, J Stassis, C Goldman, A Canfield, PC Shirane, C Shapiro, S TI Phonon profiles in superconducting YNi2B2C and LuNi2B2C SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SOFT PHONONS; SCATTERING; NEUTRON AB We performed a systematic inelastic neutron scattering, between 4 and 620 K, of the profiles of the anomalous acoustic and optic phonon observed in both compounds in the vicinity of <(xi)over right arrow>(m) congruent to (0.5 0 0). Above T-c we find that, in both compounds, the frequencies of the acoustic modes decrease with decreasing temperature and there is intensity transfer from-the upper (optic) to the lower (acoustic) mode. The frequencies of the optic modes of the Y compound, on the other hand, decrease slower than those of the Lu compound as the temperature decreases towards T-c and, as a result, the two branches approach each other in the Lu compound, whereas they separate in the Y compound. In both compounds the observed phonon profiles above T-c can be described satisfactorily in terms of a simple couple-mode model. Comparison of the phonon spectra of the two compounds below T-c demonstrates that the sharp peak at approximately 4 meV with a broad shoulder at the higher-energy side, observed in both compounds, arises from the change in the acoustic phonon profile upon entering the superconducting state. [S0163-1829(99)07641-9]. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zarestky, J (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 17 BP 11932 EP 11934 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.11932 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 257XU UT WOS:000083808700025 ER PT J AU Nelson, CS Srajer, G Lang, JC Venkataraman, CT Sinha, SK Hashizume, H Ishimatsu, N Hosoito, N AF Nelson, CS Srajer, G Lang, JC Venkataraman, CT Sinha, SK Hashizume, H Ishimatsu, N Hosoito, N TI Charge-magnetic roughness correlations in an Fe/Gd multilayer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; SUPERLATTICES; REFLECTION AB Charge-magnetic roughness correlations of the Gd layers in an Fe/Gd multilayer are studied using diffuse, x-ray resonant magnetic scattering. The strong interfacial coupling exhibited by this system, which restricts the orientation of the magnetic moments, makes possible a detailed study of the intrinsic charge-magnetic roughness. Quantitative analysis of the data is carried out by using a newly developed model, based on the Born approximation, for diffuse, x-ray resonant magnetic scattering from-multilayers, Fits to the charge and charge-magnetic interference data result in longer correlation lengths for both in-plane and out-of-plane charge-magnetic roughness than for charge roughness. [S0163-1829(99)10241-8]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Tokyo Inst Technol, Mat & Struct Lab, Midori Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2268503, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Uji, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. RP Nelson, CS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 17 BP 12234 EP 12238 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.12234 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 257XU UT WOS:000083808700064 ER PT J AU Mizokawa, T Kim, C Shen, ZX Ino, A Fujimori, A Goto, M Eisaki, H Uchida, S Tagami, M Yoshida, K Rykov, AI Siohara, Y Tomimoto, K Tajima, S AF Mizokawa, T Kim, C Shen, ZX Ino, A Fujimori, A Goto, M Eisaki, H Uchida, S Tagami, M Yoshida, K Rykov, AI Siohara, Y Tomimoto, K Tajima, S TI Angle-resolved photoemission study of untwinned PrBa2Cu3O7: Undoped CuO2 plane and doped CuO3 chain SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SPECTRAL-FUNCTION; MODEL; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; Y1-XPRXBA2CU3O7; EXCITATIONS; SEPARATION; CRYSTALS; STATE; SPIN AB We have performed an angle-resolved photoemission study on untwinned PrBa2Cu3O7, which has low resistivity but does not show superconductivity. We have observed a dispersive feature with a band maximum around (pi/2, pi/2), indicating that this band is derived from the undoped CuO2 plane. We have observed another dispersive band exhibiting one-dimensional character, which we attribute to signals from the doped CuO3 chain. The overall band dispersion of the one-dimensional band agrees with the prediction of the t-J model calculation with parameters relevant to cuprates except that the intensity near the Fermi level is considerably suppressed in the experiment. [S0163-1829(99)04541-5]. C1 Univ Tokyo, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Superconduct, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Int Supercond Technol Ctr, Supercond Res Lab, Koto Ku, Tokyo 1350062, Japan. RP Mizokawa, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Dept Complex Sci & Engn, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. RI Mizokawa, Takashi/E-3302-2015 OI Mizokawa, Takashi/0000-0002-7682-2348 NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 17 BP 12335 EP 12341 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.12335 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 257XU UT WOS:000083808700078 ER PT J AU Shenoy, SR Lookman, T Saxena, A Bishop, AR AF Shenoy, SR Lookman, T Saxena, A Bishop, AR TI Martensitic textures: Multiscale consequences of elastic compatibility SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORMATIONS; KINETICS; DYNAMICS; PATTERN; MODEL AB We show that a foe energy entirely in the order-parameter strain variable(s), rather than the displacement field, provides a unified understanding of martensitic textures. We use compatibility equations, linking the strain tensor components in the bulk and at interfaces, that induce anisotropic order-parameter strain interactions. These two long-range bulk/interface potentials, together with local compositional fluctuations, drive the formation of global elastic textures. Relaxational simulations show the spontaneous formation (and evolution under stress/temperature quenches) of equal width parallel twins, branched twins, and tweed, including characteristic scaling of twin width with twin length. [S0163-1829(99)51442-2]. C1 Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shenoy, SR (reprint author), Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. NR 25 TC 117 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 18 BP 12537 EP 12541 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 257CV UT WOS:000083765400001 ER PT J AU Sacchi, M Mirone, A Hague, CF Mariot, JM Pasquali, L Isberg, P Gullikson, EM Underwood, JH AF Sacchi, M Mirone, A Hague, CF Mariot, JM Pasquali, L Isberg, P Gullikson, EM Underwood, JH TI Soft-x-ray resonant scattering from V/Fe (001) magnetic superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; THIN-FILMS; SUM-RULE; TRANSPORT; REFLECTIVITY; MULTILAYERS; NI(110); EDGES; IRON AB The magnetic properties of Fe and V in (n ML V / 5 ML Fe) (001) superlattices (n = 1, 2, and 5 ML) have been investigated by measuring the magnetization dependent scattering of elliptically polarized soft x rays at various scattering angles and for photon energies across the 2p x-ray-absorption edges of both Fe and V. A quantitative estimate of the magnetic moment induced on vanadium is obtained from the analysis of the resonant scattering data. [S0163-1829(99)50842-4]. C1 Ctr Univ Paris Sud, LURE, F-91898 Orsay, France. Univ Paris 06, Lab Chim Phys Mat & Rayonnement, UMR 7614, F-75231 Paris 05, France. Univ Modena, Dipartimento Fis, I-41100 Modena, Italy. INFM, I-41100 Modena, Italy. Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sacchi, M (reprint author), Ctr Univ Paris Sud, LURE, Batiment 209D,Boite Postale 34, F-91898 Orsay, France. RI Pasquali, Luca/K-2866-2015 OI Pasquali, Luca/0000-0003-0399-7240 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 18 BP 12569 EP 12572 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 257CV UT WOS:000083765400009 ER PT J AU Beardmore, KM Gronbech-Jensen, N AF Beardmore, KM Gronbech-Jensen, N TI Direct simulation of ion-beam-induced stressing and amorphization of silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PURE AMORPHOUS-SILICON; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; IMPLANTATION AB Using molecular dynamics simulation, we investigate the mechanical response of silicon to high-dose ion irradiation. We employ a realistic and efficient model to directly simulate ion-beam-induced amorphization. Structural properties of the amorphized sample are compared with experimental data and results of other simulation studies. We find that the behavior of the irradiated material is related to the rate at which it can relax. Depending upon the ability to deform, we observe either the generation of a high compressive stress and subsequent expansion of the material or the generation of tensile stress and densification. We note that statistical material properties, such as radial distribution functions, are not sufficient to differentiate between different densities of amorphous samples. For any reasonable deformation rate, we observe an expansion of the target upon amorphization in agreement with experimental observations. This is in contrast to simulations of quenching which usually result in denser structures relative to crystalline Si. We conclude that although there is substantial agreement between experimental measurements and most simulation results, the amorphous structures being investigated may have fundamental differences; the difference in density can be attributed to local defects within the amorphous network. Finally we show that annealing simulations of our amorphized samples can lead to a reduction of high-energy local defects without a large-scale rearrangement of the amorphous network. This supports the proposal that defects in amorphous silicon an analogous to those in crystalline silicon. [S0163-1829(99)08741-X]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Motorola Computat Mat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Appl Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Beardmore, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Motorola Computat Mat Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 18 BP 12610 EP 12616 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.12610 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 257CV UT WOS:000083765400018 ER PT J AU Koreeda, A Yoshizawa, M Saikan, S Grimsditch, M AF Koreeda, A Yoshizawa, M Saikan, S Grimsditch, M TI Quasielastic light scattering from rutile SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS AB Quasielastic light scattering consisting of two components has been observed in single crystals of rutile (TiO2). The broad component with a linewidth of 330 GHz at 297 K becomes narrower with decreasing temperature. In contrast, the narrow component, which has a linewidth of 1.1 GHz at 297 K, broadens as the temperature decreases. We present a unified explanation for both components, which is based on two-phonon difference Raman scattering. For the narrow component, it will be shown that two-phonon difference processes from a single acoustic phonon branch explain the temperature dependence of the intensity and the wave vector dependence of the linewidth at low temperatures. The conventional explanation in terms of entropy-fluctuation scattering is also attempted for temperatures above 200 K where phonon collisions occur more frequently than at lower temperatures and the phonon system may be considered hydrodynamically. For the broad component, two-phonon difference scattering from different phonon branches will be shown to provide a good explanation for the temperature dependent intensity. Furthermore, temperature dependence of the linewidth and its insensitivity to changes in scattering wave vector are also explained with this model. [S0163-1829(99)02642-9]. C1 Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Koreeda, A (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 18 BP 12730 EP 12736 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.12730 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 257CV UT WOS:000083765400033 ER PT J AU Liu, WM Zhang, WS Pu, FC Zhou, X AF Liu, WM Zhang, WS Pu, FC Zhou, X TI Nonlinear magnetization dynamics of the classical ferromagnet with two single-ion anisotropies in an external magnetic field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEISENBERG SPIN CHAIN; LANDAU-LIFSCHITZ EQUATION; INVERSE SCATTERING TRANSFORM; LINEAR SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; RIEMANN BOUNDARY-PROBLEM; EASY-PLANE; LIFSHITZ EQUATION; SOLITON-SOLUTIONS; EQUIVALENCE; EXCITATIONS AB By using a stereographic projection of the unit sphere of magnetization vector onto a complex plane for the equations of motion, the effect of an external magnetic field for integrability of the system is discussed. The properties of the Jest solutions and the scattering data are then investigated through introducing transformations other than the Riemann surface in order to avoid double-valued functions of the usual spectral parameter. The exact multisoliton solutions are investigated by means of the Binet-Cauchy formula. The results showed that under the action of an external magnetic field nonlinear magnetization depends essentially on two parameters: its center moves with a constant velocity, while its shape changes with another constant velocity; its amplitude and width vary periodically with time, while its shape is also dependent on time and is unsymmetric with respect to its center. The orientation of the nonlinear magnetization in the plane orthogonal to the anisotropy axis changes with an external magnetic field. The total magnetic momentum and the integral of the motion coincident with its z component depend on time. The mean number of spins derivated from the ground state in a localized magnetic excitations is dependent on time. The asymptotic behavior of multisoliton solutions, the total displacement of center, and the phase shift of the jth peak an also analyzed. [S0163-1829(99)07121-0]. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Theoret Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Liu, WM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wmliu@itp.ac.cn RI Zhang, Wu-Shou/B-2237-2012 NR 38 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 18 BP 12893 EP 12911 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.12893 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 257CV UT WOS:000083765400054 ER PT J AU Kogan, VG Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Miranovic, P AF Kogan, VG Bud'ko, SL Canfield, PC Miranovic, P TI Nonlocal effects in angular dependence of in-plane magnetization of tetragonal superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VORTEX LATTICE TRANSITIONS; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; TEMPERATURE; YNI2B2C AB The reversible magnetization M of Lu(Ni1-xCox)(2)B2C with x = 0 and 0.06 is measured in a broad temperature domain as a function of field orientation theta in the basal crystal plane. The data are interpreted within London theory extended for nonlocality of the current-field relation in superconductors. The dependence M (theta) diminishes on warming, vanishes at T* < T-c, and changes sign for T > T*. The low-T sign is opposite to what is expected from the known angular dependence of the upper critical field and therefore cannot be attributed to the latter. Upon doping with Co, the effect disappears with decreasing mean-free path in agreement with theory. [S0163-1829(99)51742-6]. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Montenegro, Dept Phys, Podgorica, Yugoslavia. RP Kogan, VG (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 18 BP R12577 EP R12580 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.R12577 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 257CV UT WOS:000083765400011 ER PT J AU Loong, CK Loewenhaupt, M Nipko, JC Braden, M Boatner, LA AF Loong, CK Loewenhaupt, M Nipko, JC Braden, M Boatner, LA TI Dynamic coupling of crystal-field and phonon states in YbPO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH PHOSPHATES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; LATTICE-PARAMETERS; THERMAL-EXPANSION; EXCITATIONS; DISTORTION; VANADATE AB The dynamic response of 4f-electron-lattice interactions in YbPO4 was characterized by neutron spectroscopy using single-crystal specimens. The Yb3+:F-2(7/2) ground multiplet shows broadened and overdamped energy levels. A coupling of the upper Gamma(6) and Gamma(7) states with optic phonons was observed throughout the Brillouin zone, resulting in a strong renormalization of the bare crystal-field and phonon excitation spectra over the 15 to 475 K temperature range. A mechanism involving monopolar fluctuations of the Yb f orbital is proposed. [S0163-1829(99)50642-5]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Inst Nukl Festkorperphys, D-7500 Karlsruhe, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Loong, CK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 18 BP R12549 EP R12552 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.R12549 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 257CV UT WOS:000083765400004 ER PT J AU Metlushko, V Welp, U Crabtree, GW Osgood, R Bader, SD DeLong, LE Zhang, Z Brueck, SRJ Ilic, B Chung, K Hesketh, PJ AF Metlushko, V Welp, U Crabtree, GW Osgood, R Bader, SD DeLong, LE Zhang, Z Brueck, SRJ Ilic, B Chung, K Hesketh, PJ TI Interstitial flux phases in a superconducting niobium film with a square lattice of artificial pinning centers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INTERFEROMETRIC LITHOGRAPHY; INTERFERENCE LITHOGRAPHY; REGULAR ARRAY; COMMENSURATE; PHOTORESIST; MICROHOLES; VORTICES; DEFECTS; STATES; HOLES AB We demonstrate that a square lattice of artificial pinning centers in a superconducting Nb film induces the formation of highly ordered interstitial vortex phases with different symmetries for external magnetic fields as high as the eighth matching field. These "supermatching'' phases are identified by distinct differences in the behavior of their critical currents, magnetoresistivity, and magnetization. Our results are consistent with predictions of supermatching lattice symmetries by recent numerical simulations. [S0163-1829(99)51142-9]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, MSD, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Illinois, EECS, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RP Metlushko, V (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, MSD, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013; Brueck, Steven/A-6383-2013; Ilic, Rob/N-1359-2014 NR 23 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 18 BP R12585 EP R12588 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.R12585 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 257CV UT WOS:000083765400013 ER PT J AU Abdurashitov, JN Gavrin, VN Girin, SV Gorbachev, VV Ibragimova, TV Kalikhov, AV Khairnasov, NG Knodel, TV Mirnov, IN Shikhin, AA Veretenkin, EP Vermul, VM Yants, VE Zatsepin, GT Bowles, TJ Teasdale, WA Wark, DL Cherry, ML Nico, JS Cleveland, BT Davis, R Lande, K Wildenhain, PS Elliott, SR Wilkerson, JF AF Abdurashitov, JN Gavrin, VN Girin, SV Gorbachev, VV Ibragimova, TV Kalikhov, AV Khairnasov, NG Knodel, TV Mirnov, IN Shikhin, AA Veretenkin, EP Vermul, VM Yants, VE Zatsepin, GT Bowles, TJ Teasdale, WA Wark, DL Cherry, ML Nico, JS Cleveland, BT Davis, R Lande, K Wildenhain, PS Elliott, SR Wilkerson, JF CA SAGE Collaboration TI Measurement of the solar neutrino capture rate with gallium metal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SAGE AB The solar neutrino capture rate measured by the Russian-American Gallium Experiment (SAGE) on metallic gallium during the period January 1990 through December 1997 is 67.2(-7.0-3.0)(+7.2+3.5) SNU, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. This represents only about half of the predicted standard solar model rate of 129 SNU. All the experimental procedures, including extraction of germanium from gallium, counting of Ge-71, and data analysis, are discussed in detail. [S0556-2813(99)03510-4]. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, RU-117312 Moscow, Russia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, RU-117312 Moscow, Russia. RI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/B-2206-2014; Yants, Viktor/C-1038-2014 OI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/0000-0002-1577-1364; NR 62 TC 472 Z9 473 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 055801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.055801 PG 32 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600083 ER PT J AU Allgower, CE Ball, J Barabash, LS Beauvais, PY Beddo, ME Bedfer, Y Borisov, N Boutefnouchet, A Bystricky, J Chamouard, PA Combet, M Demierre, P Fontaine, JM Ghazikhanian, V Grosnick, DP Hess, R Janout, Z Janout, ZF Kalinnikov, VA Kasprzyk, TE Kazarinov, YM Khachaturov, BA Kunne, R Lagniel, JM Lehar, F Lemaire, JL de Lesquen, A Lopiano, D de Mali, M Matafonov, VN Milleret, G Pisarev, IL Popov, AA Prokofiev, AN Rapin, D Sans, JL Spinka, HM Usov, YA Vikhrov, VV Vuaridel, B Whitten, CA Zhdanov, AA AF Allgower, CE Ball, J Barabash, LS Beauvais, PY Beddo, ME Bedfer, Y Borisov, N Boutefnouchet, A Bystricky, J Chamouard, PA Combet, M Demierre, P Fontaine, JM Ghazikhanian, V Grosnick, DP Hess, R Janout, Z Janout, ZF Kalinnikov, VA Kasprzyk, TE Kazarinov, YM Khachaturov, BA Kunne, R Lagniel, JM Lehar, F Lemaire, JL de Lesquen, A Lopiano, D de Mali, M Matafonov, VN Milleret, G Pisarev, IL Popov, AA Prokofiev, AN Rapin, D Sans, JL Spinka, HM Usov, YA Vikhrov, VV Vuaridel, B Whitten, CA Zhdanov, AA TI Angular dependence of the pp elastic-scattering analyzing power between 0.8 and 2.8 GeV. I. Results for 1.80-2.24 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID CORRELATION PARAMETER-AOONN; SPIN CORRELATION; GEV-C; INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES; DIRECT RECONSTRUCTION; BEAM POLARIZATION; SATURNE-II; PROTON; OBSERVABLES; REGION AB Experimental results are presented for the pp elastic-scattering single spin observable A(oono)=A(ooon)=A(N) =P, or the analyzing power, at 19 beam kinetic energies between 1795 and 2235 MeV. The typical c.m. angular range is 60-100 degrees. The measurements were performed at Saturne II with a vertically polarized beam and target (transverse to the beam direction and scattering plane), a magnetic spectrometer and a recoil detector, both instrumented with multiwire proportional chambers, and beam polarimeters. [S0556-2813(99)03610-9]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Natl Saturne, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, CEA, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Lab Nucl Problems, RU-141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, RU-188350 Gatchina, Russia. RP Allgower, CE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 054001 PG 23 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600014 ER PT J AU Allgower, CE Ball, J Beddo, ME Bystricky, J Chamouard, PA Combet, M Demierre, P Fontaine, JM Grosnick, DP Hess, R Janout, Z Janout, ZF Kalinnikov, VA Kasprzyk, TE Khachaturov, BA Kunne, R Lehar, F de Lesquen, A Lopiano, D de Mali, M Matafonov, VN Pisarev, IL Popov, AA Prokofiev, AN Rapin, D Sans, JL Spinka, HM Teglia, A Usov, YA Vikhrov, VV Vuaridel, B Zhdanov, AA AF Allgower, CE Ball, J Beddo, ME Bystricky, J Chamouard, PA Combet, M Demierre, P Fontaine, JM Grosnick, DP Hess, R Janout, Z Janout, ZF Kalinnikov, VA Kasprzyk, TE Khachaturov, BA Kunne, R Lehar, F de Lesquen, A Lopiano, D de Mali, M Matafonov, VN Pisarev, IL Popov, AA Prokofiev, AN Rapin, D Sans, JL Spinka, HM Teglia, A Usov, YA Vikhrov, VV Vuaridel, B Zhdanov, AA TI Angular dependence of the pp elastic-scattering analyzing power between 0.8 and 2.8 GeV. II. Results for higher energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID BEAM POLARIZATION; SATURNE-II; GEV-C; PROTON; REGION; OBSERVABLES; APPARATUS; TARGET; THETA; NP AB Measurements at 18 beam kinetic energies between 1975 and 2795 MeV and at 795 MeV are reported for the pp elastic-scattering single spin parameter A(ooon)=A(oono)=A(N)=P. The c.m. angular range is typically 60-100 degrees. These results are compared to previous data from Saturne II and other accelerators. A search for energy-dependent structure at fixed c.m. angles is performed, but no rapid changes are observed. [S0556-2813(99)03710-3]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Natl Saturne, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, CEA, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Joint Inst Nucl Res Dubna, Lab Nucl Problems, RU-141980 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, RU-188350 Gatchina, Russia. RP Allgower, CE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 054002 PG 14 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600015 ER PT J AU Baker, GA AF Baker, GA TI Neutron matter model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB The Bertsch, nonparametric model of neutron matter is analyzed and strong indications are found that, in the infinite system limit, the ground state is a Fermi liquid with an effective mass, except for a set of measure zero. [S0556-2813(99)05510-7]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Baker, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 9 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 054311 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.054311 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600028 ER PT J AU Crawford, BE Bowman, JD Delheij, PPJ Haseyama, T Knudson, JN Lowie, LY Masaike, A Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Postma, H Roberson, NR Seestrom, SJ Sharapov, EI Stephenson, SL Yuan, VW AF Crawford, BE Bowman, JD Delheij, PPJ Haseyama, T Knudson, JN Lowie, LY Masaike, A Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Postma, H Roberson, NR Seestrom, SJ Sharapov, EI Stephenson, SL Yuan, VW TI Parity nonconservation in Pd-106 and Pd-108 neutron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND-NUCLEUS; RESONANCES; VIOLATION; CAPTURE; LA-139 AB Parity nonconservation (PNC) has been studied in the neutron p-wave resonances of Pd-106 and Pd-108 in the energy range of 20 to 2000 eV. Longitudinal asymmetries in p-wave capture cross sections are measured using longitudinally polarized neutrons incident on similar to 20-g metal-powder targets at LANSCE. A CsI gamma-ray detector array measures capture cross section asymmetries as a function of neutron energy which is determined by the neutron time-of-flight method. A total of 21 p-wave resonances in Pd-106 and 21 p-wave resonances in Pd-108 were studied. One statistically significant PNC effect was observed in Pd-106, and no effects were observed in Pd-108. For Pd-106 a weak spreading width of T-w = 34(-28)(+47) x 10(-7) eV was obtained. For Pd-108 an upper limit on the weak spreading width of Gamma(w) <12x10(-7) eV was determined at the 68% confidence level. [S0556-2813(99)05311-X]. C1 Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 60601, Japan. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Delft Univ Technol, NL-2629 JB Delft, Netherlands. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. RP Gettysburg Coll, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. RI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/C-3007-2008 OI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/0000-0002-9847-3791 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 055503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.055503 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600082 ER PT J AU Cullen, DM Appelbe, DE Reed, AT Baktash, C Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO AF Cullen, DM Appelbe, DE Reed, AT Baktash, C Lee, IY Macchiavelli, AO TI K-pi=8(-) rotational band and its fragmented decay through the K-pi=6(+) intrinsic state in Hf-170 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ISOMER DECAYS AB A K-pi=8(-) strongly coupled rotational band, which is built upon a 23 ns isomeric state, has been established in Hf-170. The single-particle configuration of the band has been determined from the in-band to out-of-band branching ratios and associated \(g(K)- g(R))\/Q(o) values. The gamma-ray decay of the K-pi=8(-) isomeric state proceeds through a K-pi=6(+) intrinsic state, in accordance with the K-selection rule. A complex array of delayed gamma-ray transitions have been observed to link this K-pi=6(+), intrinsic bandhead state into the yrast states. In particular, a new Delta K = 8, 1141 keV, E1 transition links the K-pi=8(-) isomeric state directly to the ground-state band. The gamma-ray reduced hindrance factor for this E1 decay in Hf-170 is the smallest Delta K = 8 transition observed in the Hf nuclei. However, its value is consistent with that expected on the basis of the increased Coriolis mixing which occurs in the lighter Hf isotopes. [S0556-2813(99)01911-1]. C1 Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cullen, DM (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 057303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.057303 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600089 ER PT J AU Dean, DJ Koonin, SE AF Dean, DJ Koonin, SE TI Calculation of exciton densities in the shell-model Monte Carlo method SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HOLE STATE DENSITIES; LEVEL DENSITIES; FE-54 AB We develop a shell-model Monte Carlo method to calculate densities of states with varying exciton (particle hole) number. We then apply this method to the doubly closed-shell nucleus Ca-40 in a full Os-1d-0f-1p shell-model space and compare our results to those found using approximate analytic expressions for the partial densities. We find that the effective one-body level density is reduced by approximately 22% when a residual two-body interaction is included in the shell-model calculation. [S0556-2813(99)04010-8]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. CALTECH, WK Kellogg Radiat Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 054306 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.054306 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600023 ER PT J AU Fotiades, N Cizewski, JA Lister, CJ Davids, CN Janssens, RVF Seweryniak, D Carpenter, MP Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Nisius, D Reiter, P Uusitalo, J Wiedenhover, I Macchiavelli, AO MacLeod, RW AF Fotiades, N Cizewski, JA Lister, CJ Davids, CN Janssens, RVF Seweryniak, D Carpenter, MP Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Nisius, D Reiter, P Uusitalo, J Wiedenhover, I Macchiavelli, AO MacLeod, RW TI Odd-even staggering in the pi g(9/2)nu g(9/2) band in Br-72 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN STATES; SIGNATURE INVERSION; NUCLEUS AB High-spin positive-parity states in Br-72 have been studied using the O-16+Ni-58 reaction. The pi g(9/2)nu g(9/2) decoupled band in Br-72 has been observed up to similar to 10 MeV excitation energy and the expected odd-even staggering has been delineated. A larger signature splitting is observed for this band in Br-72 than in the same collective structures in the heavier Br-74,Br-76,Br-78. No signature inversion at low spin is observed for this band in Br-72, in contrast to the heavier isotopes, Br-74,Br-76,Br-78, in which signature inversion is observed below similar to 10 (h) over bar. The observations are in general agreement with theoretical models in this mass region which predict no signature inversion for nuclei with less than 39 protons and neutrons. [S0556-2813(99)02811-3]. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Fotiades, N (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 057302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.057302 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600088 ER PT J AU Frankfurt, L Johnson, M Sargsian, M Strikman, M Weise, W AF Frankfurt, L Johnson, M Sargsian, M Strikman, M Weise, W TI Hadronic properties of the S-11(1535) resonance studied by electroproduction off the deuteron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PION-NUCLEUS SCATTERING; CHIRAL DYNAMICS; QUARK-MODEL; HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS; COLOR TRANSPARENCY; VECTOR-MESONS; ETA-MESONS; PHOTOPRODUCTION; BARYONS; HERA AB We propose a new method for studying properties of excited states of hadrons based on electroproduction of baryon resonances from the deuteron. The measurement is capable of distinguishing between competing models of a specific resonance by exploiting the sensitivity of the cross section to the radius and compositeness of the resonances. These studies are made feasible, in part, by the strong hadronic reinteraction of the resonance with the spectator neutron in specific kinematic situations. We establish our claims by studying the reaction d[e,e'S-11(1535)]N for Q(2)greater than or equal to 1 GeV2, where the S-11 suffers a prominent final state interaction. Sensitivity to the model is established by comparing numerical results obtained from a constituent quark model and an effective chiral Lagrangian model of the S-11. [S0556-2813(99)01410-7]. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-85747 Garching, Germany. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. RP Frankfurt, L (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 055202 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600066 ER PT J AU Geist, WH Brune, CR Karwowski, HJ Ludwig, EJ Veal, KD Hale, GM AF Geist, WH Brune, CR Karwowski, HJ Ludwig, EJ Veal, KD Hale, GM TI The He-3((d)over-right-arrow,p)He-4 reaction at low energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID REACTION CROSS-SECTIONS; SHELL-MODEL TREATMENT; FUSION REACTIONS; A=4-16 NUCLEI; ELECTRON; STATES; HE-5; RESONANCE; TARGETS; LI-5 AB Angular distributions of cross sections and complete sets of analyzing powers for the He-3((d) over tilde,p)He-4 reaction have been measured at five energies between E-d = 60 and 641 keV. The energy dependence of the cross section was also measured from 245 to 685 keV, and the absolute cross section was determined at E-d = 426 keV. The data have been included in an R-matrix analysis of the Li-5 system. The bare-nuclear cross section derived from the R-matrix parametrization was used to determine the electron screening potential. [S0556-2813(99)00911-5]. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Geist, WH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 55 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 054003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.054003 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600016 ER PT J AU Meekins, DG Abbott, DJ Ahmidouch, A Armstrong, CS Arrington, J Assamagan, KA Baker, OK Barrow, SP Beatty, DP Beck, DH Beedoe, SY Beise, EJ Belz, JE Bochna, C Bosted, PE Brash, EJ Breuer, H Cadman, RV Cardman, L Carlini, RD Cha, J Chant, NS Collins, G Cothran, C Cummings, WJ Danagoulian, S Duncan, FA Dunne, JA Dutta, D Eden, T Ent, R Filippone, BW Forest, TA Fortune, HT Frolov, VV Gao, H Geesaman, DF Gilman, R Gueye, PLJ Gustafsson, KK Hansen, JO Harvey, M Hinton, W Holt, RJ Jackson, HE Keppel, CE Khandaker, MA Kinney, ER Klein, A Koltenuk, DM Kumbartzki, G Lung, AF Mack, DJ Madey, R Markowitz, P McFarlane, KW McKeown, RD Meziani, ZE Miller, MA Mitchell, JH Mkrtchyan, HG Mohring, RM Napolitano, J Nathan, AM Niculescu, G Niculescu, I O'Neill, TG Owen, BR Pate, SF Potterveld, DH Price, JW Rakness, GL Ransome, RD Reinhold, J Rutt, PM Salgado, CW Savage, G Segel, RE Simicevic, N Stoler, P Suleiman, R Tang, L Terburg, BP van Westrum, D Vulcan, WF Williamson, SE Witkowski, MT Wood, SA Yan, C Zeidman, B AF Meekins, DG Abbott, DJ Ahmidouch, A Armstrong, CS Arrington, J Assamagan, KA Baker, OK Barrow, SP Beatty, DP Beck, DH Beedoe, SY Beise, EJ Belz, JE Bochna, C Bosted, PE Brash, EJ Breuer, H Cadman, RV Cardman, L Carlini, RD Cha, J Chant, NS Collins, G Cothran, C Cummings, WJ Danagoulian, S Duncan, FA Dunne, JA Dutta, D Eden, T Ent, R Filippone, BW Forest, TA Fortune, HT Frolov, VV Gao, H Geesaman, DF Gilman, R Gueye, PLJ Gustafsson, KK Hansen, JO Harvey, M Hinton, W Holt, RJ Jackson, HE Keppel, CE Khandaker, MA Kinney, ER Klein, A Koltenuk, DM Kumbartzki, G Lung, AF Mack, DJ Madey, R Markowitz, P McFarlane, KW McKeown, RD Meziani, ZE Miller, MA Mitchell, JH Mkrtchyan, HG Mohring, RM Napolitano, J Nathan, AM Niculescu, G Niculescu, I O'Neill, TG Owen, BR Pate, SF Potterveld, DH Price, JW Rakness, GL Ransome, RD Reinhold, J Rutt, PM Salgado, CW Savage, G Segel, RE Simicevic, N Stoler, P Suleiman, R Tang, L Terburg, BP van Westrum, D Vulcan, WF Williamson, SE Witkowski, MT Wood, SA Yan, C Zeidman, B TI Coherent pi(0) photoproduction on the deuteron up to 4 GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC ELECTRON-SCATTERING; FORM-FACTORS; EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES; WIDE-ANGLE; PROTON; PHOTODISINTEGRATION; MOMENTUM; HADRONS; QCD AB The differential cross section for H-2(gamma,d) pi(o) has been measured at deuteron center-of-mass angles of 90 degrees and 136 degrees. This work reports the first data for this reaction above a photon energy of 1 GeV, and permits a test of the apparent constituent counting rule and reduced nuclear amplitude behavior as observed in elastic ed scattering. Measurements were performed up to a photon energy of 4.0 GeV, and are in good agreement with previous lower energy measurements. Overall, the data are inconsistent with both constituent-counting rule and reduced nuclear amplitude predictions, [S0556-2813(99)50910-2]. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Div Phys, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. N Carolina Agr & Technol State Univ, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. American Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Univ Regina, Dept Phys, Regina, SK S2S 0A2, Canada. Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Yerevan Phys Inst, Yerevan 375036, Armenia. New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Meekins, DG (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. RI Gao, Haiyan/G-2589-2011; Arrington, John/D-1116-2012; Holt, Roy/E-5803-2011 OI Arrington, John/0000-0002-0702-1328; NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 052201 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600012 ER PT J AU Mihaila, B Heisenberg, JH AF Mihaila, B Heisenberg, JH TI Center-of-mass corrections reexamined: A many-body expansion approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID 3-BODY; 4-BODY; NUCLEI AB A many-body expansion for the computation of the charge form factor in the center-of-mass system is proposed. For convergence testing purposes, we apply our formalism to the case of the harmonic oscillator shell model, where an exact solution exists. We also work out the details of the calculation involving realistic nuclear wave functions. Results obtained for the Argonne v18 two-nucleon and Urbana-IX three-nucleon interactions are reported. No corrections due to the meson-exchange charge density are taken into account. [S0556-2813(99)03010-1]. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mihaila, B (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM Bogdan.Mihaila@unh.edu; Jochen.Heisenberg@unh.edu RI Mihaila, Bogdan/D-8795-2013 OI Mihaila, Bogdan/0000-0002-1489-8814 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 054303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.054303 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600020 ER PT J AU Monreal, B Llope, WJ Mattiello, R Panitkin, SY Sorge, H Xu, N AF Monreal, B Llope, WJ Mattiello, R Panitkin, SY Sorge, H Xu, N TI Proton and deuteron distributions as signatures for collective particle dynamics and event shape geometries at ultrarelativistic energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; AU+AU COLLISIONS; ELLIPTIC FLOW; EXPANSION; SPECTRA; COALESCENCE; MODEL AB We present predictions for the formation of (anti)nuclear bound states in nucleus-nucleus reactions at ultrarelativistic energies. The phase-space coalescence method is used in combination with RQMD v2.4 trans port calculations to demonstrate the relevance of particle production, as well as the longitudinal and transverse flow components. The formation of deuterons follows an approximate scaling law proportional to the relative freeze-out densities of nucleons and produced secondaries. For antideuterons, an additional suppression appears that is proportional to the number of nucleons, pointing toward multiple rescattering and absorption prior to freeze out. [S0556-2813(99)50411-1]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rice Univ, TW Bonner Nucl Lab, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Monreal, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 051902 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600011 ER PT J AU Myers, WD Swiatecki, WJ AF Myers, WD Swiatecki, WJ TI Nuclear diffuseness as a degree of freedom. II. An improved approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB We use our standard self-consistent Thomas-Fermi model of nuclei to calculate the neutron and proton densities, from which we deduce the associated potential wells. We do this for the equilibrium densities as well as for the nonequilibrium densities with larger or smaller diffusenesses. This makes it possible to correlate the changes in the potential-well diffusenesses with the energy cost in going away from the optimum values. These and other properties of the Thomas-Fermi potential wells are tabulated for nuclei with mass numbers A = 20 to A = 340 along the valley of stability, as well as for neutron-rich or neutron-deficient isotopes. The results are represented by polynominal fits that may be used in macroscopic-microscopic studies of the surface diffuseness degrees of freedom. [S0556-2813(99)06010-0]. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Myers, WD (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 054313 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600030 ER PT J AU Parry, CM Hibbert, IM Wadsworth, R Wilson, AN Paul, ES Galindo-Uribarri, A Janzen, VP Ward, D Mullins, SM Regan, PH Svensson, CE Wyss, R AF Parry, CM Hibbert, IM Wadsworth, R Wilson, AN Paul, ES Galindo-Uribarri, A Janzen, VP Ward, D Mullins, SM Regan, PH Svensson, CE Wyss, R TI Evidence for highly deformed bands in Sm-133(62)71 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-SPIN; LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; NEUTRON-DEFICIENT; INTRUDER BANDS; MASS REGION; NUCLEI; PROTON; COEXISTENCE; COMPETITION AB Excited states of the Sm-133 nucleus have been populated to high spin via the Ru-96(Ca-40, 2pn) reaction. Rotational structures have been observed and their characteristics studied by examination of their dynamic moments of inertia and alignment gains. These experimentally derived quantities have been compared with theoretical calculations from both standard cranked shell and self-consistent total Routhian surface calculations. The discovery of a new coupled band within the Sm-133 nucleus has lead to the reassignment of the configuration of one of the previously identified bands. The new calculations predict strong polarization effects for different configurations, which result in quadrupole deformations that vary from beta(2)similar to 0.28 to greater than or equal to 0.38. [S0556-2813(99)04610-5]. C1 Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Dept Phys, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. AECL, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. Australian Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys 1, S-10444 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 054314 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.054314 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600031 ER PT J AU Phair, L Beaulieu, L Moretto, LG Wozniak, GJ Bowman, DR Carlin, N Celano, L Colonna, N Dinius, JD Ferrero, A Gelbke, CK Glasmacher, T Gramegna, F Handzy, DO Hsi, WC Huang, MJ Iori, I Kim, YD Lisa, MA Lynch, WG Margagliotti, GV Mastinu, PF Milazzo, PM Montoya, CP Moroni, A Peaslee, GF Rui, R Schwarz, C Tsang, MB Tso, K Vannini, G Zhu, F AF Phair, L Beaulieu, L Moretto, LG Wozniak, GJ Bowman, DR Carlin, N Celano, L Colonna, N Dinius, JD Ferrero, A Gelbke, CK Glasmacher, T Gramegna, F Handzy, DO Hsi, WC Huang, MJ Iori, I Kim, YD Lisa, MA Lynch, WG Margagliotti, GV Mastinu, PF Milazzo, PM Montoya, CP Moroni, A Peaslee, GF Rui, R Schwarz, C Tsang, MB Tso, K Vannini, G Zhu, F TI Statistical interpretation of the correlation between intermediate mass fragment multiplicity and transverse energy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTARY BINARY EMISSION; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; E/A = 50; NUCLEAR MULTIFRAGMENTATION; AR-36+AU-197 COLLISIONS; IMPACT-PARAMETER; REDUCIBILITY; ARRAY; SYSTEM; SPACE AB Multifragment emission following Xe-129+Au-197 collisions at 30A, 40A, 50A, and 60A MeV has been studied with multidetector systems covering nearly 4 pi in solid angle. The correlations of both the intermediate mass fragment and light charged particle multiplicities with the transverse energy are explored. A comparison is made with results from a similar system Xe-136+ Bi-209 at 28A MeV. The experimental trends are compared to statistical model predictions. [S0556-2813(99)06111-7]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Superconducting Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-70126 Bari, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. Dipartimento Fis, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Phair, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Glasmacher, Thomas/C-4462-2008; Carlin Filho, Nelson/C-2187-2012; Lynch, William/I-1447-2013; Beaulieu, Luc/A-6803-2009; Glasmacher, Thomas/H-9673-2014; Gramegna, Fabiana/B-1377-2012 OI Lynch, William/0000-0003-4503-176X; Beaulieu, Luc/0000-0003-0429-6366; Glasmacher, Thomas/0000-0001-9436-2448; Gramegna, Fabiana/0000-0001-6112-0602 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 054617 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600054 ER PT J AU Savkli, C Tjon, J Gross, F AF Savkli, C Tjon, J Gross, F TI Feynman-Schwinger representation approach to nonperturbative physics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB The Feynman-Schwinger representation provides a convenient framework for the calculation of nonperturbative propagators. In this paper we first investigate an analytically solvable case, namely the scalar QED in 0+1 dimension. With this toy model we illustrate how the formalism works. The analytic result for the self-energy is compared with the perturbative result. Next, using a chi(2)phi interaction, we discuss the regularization of various divergences encountered in this formalism. The ultraviolet divergence, which is common in standard perturbative field theory applications, is removed by using a Pauli-Villars regularization. We show that the divergence associated with large Values of Feynman-Schwinger parameter s is spurious and it can be avoided by using an imaginary Feynman parameter is. [S0556-2813(99)03111-8]. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Univ Utrecht, Inst Theoret Phys, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Savkli, C (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 055210 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600074 ER PT J AU Spieles, C Vogt, R Gerland, L Bass, SA Bleicher, M Stocker, H Greiner, W AF Spieles, C Vogt, R Gerland, L Bass, SA Bleicher, M Stocker, H Greiner, W TI Modeling J/psi production and absorption in a microscopic nonequilibrium approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; HOT HADRONIC MATTER; PB-PB INTERACTIONS; PB+PB COLLISIONS; CHARMONIUM SUPPRESSION; PSI-SUPPRESSION; PROTON-NUCLEUS; SPS ENERGIES AB Charmonium production and absorption in heavy ion collisions is studied with the ultrarelativisitic quantum molecular dynamics model. We compare the scenario of universal and time-independent color-octet dissociation cross sections with one of distinct color-singlet J/psi, psi', and chi(c) states, evolving from small, color transparent configurations to their asymptotic sizes. Both purely hadronic scenarios are compared with the pA and AB data at SPS energies. The predicted rapidity dependence of J/psi suppression can be used to discriminate between the two scenarios experimentally. The importance of interactions with secondary hadrons and the applicability of thermal reaction kinetics to J/psi absorption are investigated. We discuss the effect of nuclear stopping and the role of leading hadrons. The dependence of the psi'/J/psi ratio on the model assumptions and the possible influence of refeeding processes are also studied. [S0556-2813(99)02110-X]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cspieles@lbl.gov RI Bleicher, Marcus/A-2758-2010; Stoecker, Horst/D-6173-2013 OI Stoecker, Horst/0000-0002-3282-3664 NR 65 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 054901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.054901 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600057 ER PT J AU Talou, P Strottman, D Carjan, N AF Talou, P Strottman, D Carjan, N TI Exact calculation of proton decay rates from excited states in spherical nuclei SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DEFORMED-NUCLEI AB An exact approach for the determination of proton-decay widths in spherical nuclei is presented. It consists of solving numerically the one-dimensional time-dependent Schrodinger equation for initial proton quasistationary states obtained in the framework of a single-particle model. From the time dependence of the metastable state one can infer the dynamics of the decay and calculate the Lifetime. The Validity of this approach is demonstrated and quantitative comparisons with existing approximate, stationary methods are reviewed. Finally, the advantages and perspectives of this new method are discussed. [S0556-2813(99)04111-4]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France. RP Talou, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM talou@lanl.gov NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 AR 054318 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.60.054318 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 257EB UT WOS:000083768600035 ER PT J AU Usmani, QN Bodmer, AR AF Usmani, QN Bodmer, AR TI Lambda single particle energies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HYPERON-NUCLEON INTERACTION; EXCHANGE-POTENTIAL APPROACH; BARYON-BARYON SCATTERING; HYPERNUCLEI; BREAKING; MODELS; NN AB The Lambda single-particle energies B-Lambda of hypernuclei (HN) are calculated microscopically using the Fermi hypernetted chain method to obtain for our Lambda N and Lambda NN potentials the Lambda binding D(rho) to nuclear matter, and the effective mass m(Lambda)*(rho) at densities rho less than or equal to rho(o) (rho(o) is normal nuclear density), and also the corresponding effective Lambda N and Lambda NN potentials. The Lambda core-nucleus potential U-Lambda(r) is obtained by suitably folding these into the core density. The Schrodinger equation for U-Lambda and m(Lambda)* is solved for B-Lambda. The fringing held (FF) due to the finite range of the effective potentials is theoretically required. We use a dispersive Lambda NN potential but also include a phenomenological rho dependence allowing for less repulsion for rho collisions is described. Using a 70-pb(-1) sample of low-mass dimuon trigger data recorded with the Collider Detector at Fermilab, we identify B mesons by observing the double semileptonic decays b-->c mu X with c-->s mu X. By counting the numbers of K*(892)(0), K*(892)(+), and phi(1020) mesons produced in association with these muon pairs, we measure the ratio of strange to nonstrange B meson production to be f(s)/(f(u)+f(d)) = [21.0+/-3.6(stat)(-3.0)(+3.8)(syst)]%. This measurement is the most precise available from hadron collisions to date. Limits on the branching fractions of semileptonic charm meson decays with K-1(1270), K-1*(1410), and K-2*(1430) mesons in the final state are also obtained. [S0556-2821(99)00119-8]. C1 KEK, Natl Lab High Energy Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Acad Sinica, Taipei 11530, Taiwan. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Trieste Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abe, F (reprint author), KEK, Natl Lab High Energy Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; vilar, rocio/D-7454-2014 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 9 AR 092005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.092005 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 251EC UT WOS:000083430800008 ER PT J AU Abe, F Albrow, MG Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Anway-Wiese, C Apollinari, G Areti, H Atac, M Auchincloss, P Azfar, F Azzi, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Bailey, MW Bao, J de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Bartalini, P Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettin, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Benlloch, J Bensinger, J Benton, D Beretvas, A Berge, JP Bertolucci, S Bhatti, A Biery, K Binkley, M Bird, F Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolognesi, V Bortoletto, D Boswell, C Boulos, T Brandenburg, G Bromberg, C Buckley-Geer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Cammerata, J Campagnari, C Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Castro, A Cen, Y Cervelli, F Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chiarelli, G Chikamatsu, T Chiou, CN Christofek, L Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Couyoumtzelis, C Crane, D Cunningham, JD Daniels, T DeJongh, F Delchamps, S Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Denby, B Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dickson, M Dittmann, JR Donati, S Drucker, RB Dunn, A Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Farhat, B Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Frautschi, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, H Fry, A Fuess, TA Fukui, Y Funaki, S Gagliardi, G Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Garfinkel, AF Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Gladney, L Glenzinski, D Gold, M Gonzalez, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Grewal, A Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Haber, C Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handler, R Hans, RM Hara, K Harral, B Harris, RM Hauger, SA Hauser, J Hawk, C Heinrich, J Cronin-Hennessy, D Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Holscher, A Hong, S Houk, G Hu, P Huffman, BT Hughes, R Hurst, P Huston, J Huth, J Hylen, J Incagli, M Incandela, J Iso, H Jensen, H Jessop, CP Joshi, U Kadel, RW Kajfasz, E Kamon, T Kaneko, T Kardelis, DA Kasha, B Kato, Y Keeble, L Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kesten, P Kestenbaum, D Keup, RM Keutelian, H Keyvan, F Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kopp, S Kordas, K Koska, W Kovacs, E Kowald, W Krasberg, M Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Laasanen, AT Labanca, N Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Lockyer, N Loomis, C Long, O Loreti, M Low, EH Lu, J Lucchesi, D Luchini, CB Lukens, P Lys, J Maas, P Maeshima, K Maghakian, A Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mansour, J Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mttingly, R McIntyre, P Melese, P Menzione, A Meschi, E Michail, G Mikamo, S Miller, M Miller, R Mimashi, T Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitsushio, H Miyashita, S Morita, Y Moulding, S Mueller, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Musgrave, P Nakae, LF Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Nodulman, L Ogawa, S Oh, SH Ohl, KE Oishi, R Okusawa, T Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Park, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Plunkett, R Pondrom, L Produit, N Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Rimondi, F Ristori, L Roach-Bellino, M Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Romano, J Rosenson, L Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Scarpine, V Schindler, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schneider, O Sciacca, GF Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Sganos, G Sgolacchia, A Shapiro, M Shaw, NM Shen, Q Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Skarha, J Sliwa, K Smith, DA Snider, FD Song, L Song, T Spalding, J Spiegel, L Sphicas, P Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strahl, K Strait, J Stuart, D Sullivan, G Sumorok, K Swartz, RL Takahashi, T Takikawa, K Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, J Thomas, TL Thun, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonnison, J de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turcotte, M Turini, N Uemura, N Ukegawa, F Unal, G van den Brink, SC Vejcik, S Vidal, R Vondracek, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wainer, N Walker, RC Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, G Wang, J Wang, MJ Wang, QF Warburton, A Watts, G Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wendt, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Westhusing, T Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wolinski, J Wu, DY Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Ye, Y Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yin, M Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yovanovitch, D Yu, I Yun, JC Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zhang, L Zhang, S Zhang, W Zucchelli, S AF Abe, F Albrow, MG Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Anway-Wiese, C Apollinari, G Areti, H Atac, M Auchincloss, P Azfar, F Azzi, P Bacchetta, N Badgett, W Bailey, MW Bao, J de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Bartalini, P Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettin, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Benlloch, J Bensinger, J Benton, D Beretvas, A Berge, JP Bertolucci, S Bhatti, A Biery, K Binkley, M Bird, F Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolognesi, V Bortoletto, D Boswell, C Boulos, T Brandenburg, G Bromberg, C Buckley-Geer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Cammerata, J Campagnari, C Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Castro, A Cen, Y Cervelli, F Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chiarelli, G Chikamatsu, T Chiou, CN Christofek, L Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Couyoumtzelis, C Crane, D Cunningham, JD Daniels, T DeJongh, F Delchamps, S Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demortier, L Denby, B Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dickson, M Dittmann, JR Donati, S Drucker, RB Dunn, A Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Farhat, B Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Frautschi, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, H Fry, A Fuess, TA Fukui, Y Funaki, S Gagliardi, G Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Garfinkel, AF Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Gladney, L Glenzinski, D Gold, M Gonzalez, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Grewal, A Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Haber, C Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handler, R Hans, RM Hara, K Harral, B Harris, RM Hauger, SA Hauser, J Hawk, C Heinrich, J Cronin-Hennessy, D Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Holscher, A Hong, S Houk, G Hu, P Huffman, BT Hughes, R Hurst, P Huston, J Huth, J Hylen, J Incagli, M Incandela, J Iso, H Jensen, H Jessop, CP Joshi, U Kadel, RW Kajfasz, E Kamon, T Kaneko, T Kardelis, DA Kasha, B Kato, Y Keeble, L Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kesten, P Kestenbaum, D Keup, RM Keutelian, H Keyvan, F Kim, DH Kim, HS Kim, SB Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Koehn, P Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kopp, S Kordas, K Koska, W Kovacs, E Kowald, W Krasberg, M Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Laasanen, AT Labanca, N Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Limon, P Lindgren, M Liss, TM Lockyer, N Loomis, C Long, O Loreti, M Low, EH Lu, J Lucchesi, D Luchini, CB Lukens, P Lys, J Maas, P Maeshima, K Maghakian, A Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mansour, J Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mttingly, R McIntyre, P Melese, P Menzione, A Meschi, E Michail, G Mikamo, S Miller, M Miller, R Mimashi, T Miscetti, S Mishina, M Mitsushio, H Miyashita, S Morita, Y Moulding, S Mueller, J Mukherjee, A Muller, T Musgrave, P Nakae, LF Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Nodulman, L Ogawa, S Oh, SH Ohl, KE Oishi, R Okusawa, T Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Park, S Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Plunkett, R Pondrom, L Produit, N Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Rimondi, F Ristori, L Roach-Bellino, M Robertson, WJ Rodrigo, T Romano, J Rosenson, L Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Scarpine, V Schindler, A Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schneider, O Sciacca, GF Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Sganos, G Sgolacchia, A Shapiro, M Shaw, NM Shen, Q Shepard, PF Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Skarha, J Sliwa, K Smith, DA Snider, FD Song, L Song, T Spalding, J Spiegel, L Sphicas, P Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strahl, K Strait, J Stuart, D Sullivan, G Sumorok, K Swartz, RL Takahashi, T Takikawa, K Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, J Thomas, TL Thun, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Tonnison, J de Troconiz, JF Tseng, J Turcotte, M Turini, N Uemura, N Ukegawa, F Unal, G van den Brink, SC Vejcik, S Vidal, R Vondracek, M Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wainer, N Walker, RC Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, G Wang, J Wang, MJ Wang, QF Warburton, A Watts, G Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wendt, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Westhusing, T Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Wolinski, J Wu, DY Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Ye, Y Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yin, M Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yovanovitch, D Yu, I Yun, JC Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zhang, L Zhang, S Zhang, W Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Measurement of the associated gamma+mu(+/-) production cross section in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID = 1.8 TEV; PROMPT PHOTON; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; QUARK AB We present the first measurement of associated direct photon+muon production in hadronic collisions, from a sample of 1.8 TeV collisions recorded with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) predicts that these events are primarily from the Compton scattering process cg-->c gamma, with the final state charm quark producing a muon. Hence this measurement is sensitive to the charm quark content of the proton. The measured cross section of 29+/-9 pb is compared to a leading-order QCD parton shower model as well as a next-to-leading-order QCD calculation. [S0556-2821(99)07121-0]. C1 KEK, Natl Lab High Energy Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Geol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Acad Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Superconducting Super Collider Lab, Dallas, TX 75237 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Abe, F (reprint author), KEK, Natl Lab High Energy Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RI Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Kim, Soo-Bong/B-7061-2014 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 9 AR 092003 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 251EC UT WOS:000083430800006 ER PT J AU Abe, K Abe, K Abe, T Adam, I Akimoto, H Akagi, T Allen, NJ Ash, WW Aston, D Baird, KG Baltay, C Band, HR Barakat, MB Bardon, O Barklow, TL Bashindzhagyan, GL Bauer, JM Bellodi, G Ben-David, R Benvenuti, AC Bilei, GM Bisello, D Blaylock, G Bogart, JR Bower, GR Brau, JE Breidenbach, M Bugg, WM Burke, D Burnett, TH Burrows, PN Calcattera, A Calloway, D Camanzi, B Carpinelli, M Cassell, R Castaldi, R Castro, A Cavalli-Sforza, M Chou, A Church, E Cohn, HO Coller, JA Convery, MR Cook, V Cotton, R Cowan, RF Coyne, DG Crawford, G Damerell, CJS Danielson, MN Daoudi, M de Groot, N Dell'Orso, R Dervan, PJ de Sangro, R Dima, M D'Oliveira, A Dong, DN Doser, M Dubois, R Eisenstein, BI Eschenburg, V Etzion, E Fahey, S Falciai, D Fan, C Fernandez, JP Fero, MJ Flood, K Frey, R Gifford, J Gillman, T Gladding, G Gonzalez, S Goodman, ER Hart, EL Harton, JL Hasan, A Hasuko, K Hedges, SJ Hertzbach, SS Hildreth, MD Huber, J Huffer, ME Hughes, EW Huynh, X Hwang, H Iwasaki, M Jackson, DJ Jacques, P Jaros, JA Jiang, ZY Johnson, AS Johnson, JR Johnson, RA Junk, T Kajikawa, R Kalelkar, M Kamyshkov, Y Kang, HJ Karliner, I Kawahara, H Kim, YD King, ME King, R Kofler, RR Krishna, NM Kroeger, RS Langston, M Lath, A Leith, DWG Lia, V Lin, C Liu, MX Liu, X Loreti, M Lu, A Lynch, HL Ma, J Mancinelli, G Manly, S Mantovani, G Markiewicz, TW Maruyama, T Masuda, H Mazzucato, E McKemey, AK Meadows, BT Menegatti, G Messner, R Mockett, PM Moffeit, KC Moore, TB Morii, M Muller, D Murzin, V Nagamine, T Narita, S Nauenberg, U Neal, H Nussbaum, M Oishi, N Onoprienko, D Osborne, LS Panvini, RS Park, CH Pavel, TJ Peruzzi, I Piccolo, M Piemontese, L Pitts, KT Plano, RJ Prepost, R Prescott, CY Punkar, GD Quigley, J Ratcliff, BN Reeves, TW Reidy, J Reinertsen, PL Rensing, PE Rochester, LS Rowson, PC Russell, JJ Saxton, OH Schalk, T Schindler, RH Schumm, BA Schwiening, J Sen, S Serbo, VV Shaevitz, MH Shank, JT Shapiro, G Sherden, DJ Shmakov, KD Simopoulos, C Sinev, NB Smith, SR Smy, MB Snyder, JA Staengle, H Stahl, A Stamer, P Steiner, H Steiner, R Strauss, MG Su, D Suekane, F Sugiyama, A Suzuki, S Swartz, M Szumilo, A Takahashi, T Taylor, FE Thom, J Torrence, E Toumbas, NK Usher, T Vannini, C Va'vra, J Vella, E Venuti, JP Verdier, R Verdini, PG Wagner, DL Wagner, SR Waite, AP Walston, S Wang, J Watts, SJ Weidemann, AW Weiss, ER Whitaker, JS White, SL Wickens, FJ Williams, B Williams, DC Williams, SH Willocq, S Wilson, RJ Wisniewski, WJ Wittlin, JL Woods, M Word, GB Wright, TR Wyss, J Yamamoto, RK Yamartino, JM Yang, X Yashima, J Yellin, SJ Young, CC Yuta, H Zapalac, C Zdarko, RW Zhou, J AF Abe, K Abe, K Abe, T Adam, I Akimoto, H Akagi, T Allen, NJ Ash, WW Aston, D Baird, KG Baltay, C Band, HR Barakat, MB Bardon, O Barklow, TL Bashindzhagyan, GL Bauer, JM Bellodi, G Ben-David, R Benvenuti, AC Bilei, GM Bisello, D Blaylock, G Bogart, JR Bower, GR Brau, JE Breidenbach, M Bugg, WM Burke, D Burnett, TH Burrows, PN Calcattera, A Calloway, D Camanzi, B Carpinelli, M Cassell, R Castaldi, R Castro, A Cavalli-Sforza, M Chou, A Church, E Cohn, HO Coller, JA Convery, MR Cook, V Cotton, R Cowan, RF Coyne, DG Crawford, G Damerell, CJS Danielson, MN Daoudi, M de Groot, N Dell'Orso, R Dervan, PJ de Sangro, R Dima, M D'Oliveira, A Dong, DN Doser, M Dubois, R Eisenstein, BI Eschenburg, V Etzion, E Fahey, S Falciai, D Fan, C Fernandez, JP Fero, MJ Flood, K Frey, R Gifford, J Gillman, T Gladding, G Gonzalez, S Goodman, ER Hart, EL Harton, JL Hasan, A Hasuko, K Hedges, SJ Hertzbach, SS Hildreth, MD Huber, J Huffer, ME Hughes, EW Huynh, X Hwang, H Iwasaki, M Jackson, DJ Jacques, P Jaros, JA Jiang, ZY Johnson, AS Johnson, JR Johnson, RA Junk, T Kajikawa, R Kalelkar, M Kamyshkov, Y Kang, HJ Karliner, I Kawahara, H Kim, YD King, ME King, R Kofler, RR Krishna, NM Kroeger, RS Langston, M Lath, A Leith, DWG Lia, V Lin, C Liu, MX Liu, X Loreti, M Lu, A Lynch, HL Ma, J Mancinelli, G Manly, S Mantovani, G Markiewicz, TW Maruyama, T Masuda, H Mazzucato, E McKemey, AK Meadows, BT Menegatti, G Messner, R Mockett, PM Moffeit, KC Moore, TB Morii, M Muller, D Murzin, V Nagamine, T Narita, S Nauenberg, U Neal, H Nussbaum, M Oishi, N Onoprienko, D Osborne, LS Panvini, RS Park, CH Pavel, TJ Peruzzi, I Piccolo, M Piemontese, L Pitts, KT Plano, RJ Prepost, R Prescott, CY Punkar, GD Quigley, J Ratcliff, BN Reeves, TW Reidy, J Reinertsen, PL Rensing, PE Rochester, LS Rowson, PC Russell, JJ Saxton, OH Schalk, T Schindler, RH Schumm, BA Schwiening, J Sen, S Serbo, VV Shaevitz, MH Shank, JT Shapiro, G Sherden, DJ Shmakov, KD Simopoulos, C Sinev, NB Smith, SR Smy, MB Snyder, JA Staengle, H Stahl, A Stamer, P Steiner, H Steiner, R Strauss, MG Su, D Suekane, F Sugiyama, A Suzuki, S Swartz, M Szumilo, A Takahashi, T Taylor, FE Thom, J Torrence, E Toumbas, NK Usher, T Vannini, C Va'vra, J Vella, E Venuti, JP Verdier, R Verdini, PG Wagner, DL Wagner, SR Waite, AP Walston, S Wang, J Watts, SJ Weidemann, AW Weiss, ER Whitaker, JS White, SL Wickens, FJ Williams, B Williams, DC Williams, SH Willocq, S Wilson, RJ Wisniewski, WJ Wittlin, JL Woods, M Word, GB Wright, TR Wyss, J Yamamoto, RK Yamartino, JM Yang, X Yashima, J Yellin, SJ Young, CC Yuta, H Zapalac, C Zdarko, RW Zhou, J CA SLD Collaboration TI Study of the structure of e(+)e(-)-> b(b)over-bar-g events and first limits on the anomalous chromomagnetic coupling of the b quark SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ORDER QCD-CORRECTIONS; E+E-ANNIHILATION; MASSIVE QUARKS; ORIENTATION; PHYSICS; DECAYS; PETRA AB The structure of e(+) e(-) --> g events was studied using Z(0) decays recorded in the SLC Large Detector experiment at SLAC. Three-jet final states were selected and the charge-coupled device-based vertex detector was used to identify two of the jets as b or (b) over bar. Distributions of the gluon energy and polar angle were measured over the full kinematic range for the first time, and compared with perturbative QCD predictions. The energy distribution is potentially sensitive to an anomalous b chromomagnetic moment kappa. We measured kappa to be consistent with zero and set the first limits on its value: -0.17) scheme, [S0556-2821(99)00321-5]. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM sjbth@slac.stanford.edu; Michael.Melles@durham.ac.uk; rathsman@slac.stanford.edu NR 53 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 9 AR 096006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.096006 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 251EC UT WOS:000083430800069 ER PT J AU Carone, CD Lebed, RF AF Carone, CD Lebed, RF TI Hexagonal theory of flavor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GAUGE-SYMMETRY; FERMION MASSES; HORIZONTAL SYMMETRIES; ANOMALIES; MODEL; UNIFICATION; BREAKING; MATRICES; QUARK AB We construct a supersymmetric theory of flavor based on the discrete gauge group (D-6)(2), where D-6 describes the symmetry of a regular hexagon under proper rotations in three dimensions. The representation structure of the group allows one to distinguish the third from the lighter two generations of matter fields, so that in the symmetry limit only the top quark Yukawa coupling is allowed and scalar superpartners of the first two generations are degenerate. Light fermion Yukawa couplings arise from a sequential breaking of the flavor symmetry, and supersymmetric flavor-changing processes remain adequately suppressed. We contrast our model with others based on non-Abelian discrete gauge symmetries described in the literature and discuss the challenges in constructing more minimal flavor models based on this approach. [S0556-2821(99)03019-2]. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Nucl & Particle Theory Grp, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Carone, CD (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Nucl & Particle Theory Grp, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 9 AR 096002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.096002 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 251EC UT WOS:000083430800065 ER PT J AU Chung, SU Danyo, K Hackenburg, RW Olchanski, C Weygand, DP Willutzki, HJ Denisov, SP Dorofeev, VA Kachaev, IA Lipaev, VV Popov, AV Ryabchikov, DI Bar-Yam, Z Dowd, JP Eugenio, P Hayek, M Kern, W King, E Shenhav, N Bodyagin, VA Kodolova, OL Korotkikh, VL Kostin, MA Ostrovidov, AI Sarycheva, LI Sinev, NB Brown, DS Pedlar, TK Seth, KK Wise, J Zhao, D Adams, T Bishop, JM Cason, NM Ivanov, EI LoSecco, JM Manak, JJ Sanjari, AH Shephard, WD Stienike, DL Taegar, SA Thompson, DR Adams, GS Cummings, JP Kuhn, J Nozar, M Smith, JA White, DB Witkowski, M AF Chung, SU Danyo, K Hackenburg, RW Olchanski, C Weygand, DP Willutzki, HJ Denisov, SP Dorofeev, VA Kachaev, IA Lipaev, VV Popov, AV Ryabchikov, DI Bar-Yam, Z Dowd, JP Eugenio, P Hayek, M Kern, W King, E Shenhav, N Bodyagin, VA Kodolova, OL Korotkikh, VL Kostin, MA Ostrovidov, AI Sarycheva, LI Sinev, NB Brown, DS Pedlar, TK Seth, KK Wise, J Zhao, D Adams, T Bishop, JM Cason, NM Ivanov, EI LoSecco, JM Manak, JJ Sanjari, AH Shephard, WD Stienike, DL Taegar, SA Thompson, DR Adams, GS Cummings, JP Kuhn, J Nozar, M Smith, JA White, DB Witkowski, M CA E852 Collaboration TI Evidence for exotic J(PC)=1(-+) meson production in the reaction pi(-)p -> eta pi(-)p at 18 GeV/c SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID FLUX-TUBE MODEL; DRIFT CHAMBER; HYBRID MESONS; SYSTEM; PHENOMENOLOGY; RESONANCE; FORMALISM; HADRONS; STATES; MATRIX AB Details of the analysis of the eta pi(-) system studied in the reaction pi(-)p-->eta pi(-) p at 18 GeV/c are given. Separate analyses for the 2 gamma and pi(+) pi(-) pi(0) decay modes of the eta are presented. An amplitude analysis of the data indicates the presence of interference between the a(2)(-)(1320) and a J(PC) = 1(-+) wave between 1.2 and 1.6 GeV/c(2). The phase difference between these waves shows a phase motion not attributable solely to the a(2)(-)(1320). The data can be fitted by interference between the a(2)(-)(1320) and an exotic 1(-+) resonance with M = (1370+/-16(-30)(+50)) MeV/c(2) and Gamma = (385+/-40(-105)(+65)) MeV/c(2). Our results are compared with those of other experiments. [S0556-2821(99)06119-6]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino, Russia. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Phys, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RAFAEL, Jerusalem, Israel. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 58 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 9 AR 092001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.092001 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 251EC UT WOS:000083430800004 ER PT J AU de Gouvea, A Friedland, A Murayama, H AF de Gouvea, A Friedland, A Murayama, H TI Seasonal variations of the Be-7 solar neutrino flux SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID ANALYTIC DESCRIPTION; OSCILLATIONS; MATTER; SUN; DETECTOR; LINE AB Measuring the Be-7 solar neutrino flux is crucial towards solving the solar neutrino puzzle. The Borexino experiment, and possibly the KamLAND experiment, will be capable of studying the 7Be neutrinos in the near future. We discuss (1) how the seasonal variation of the Borexino and KamLAND data can be used to measure the 7Be solar neutrino flux in a background independent way and (2) how anomalous seasonal variations might be used to discover vacuum neutrino oscillations, independent of the solar model and the measurement of the background. In particular, we find that, after three years of Borexino or KamLAND running, vacuum neutrino oscillations can be either established or excluded for almost all values of (sin(2) 2 theta,Delta m(2)) preferred by the Homestake, GALLEX, SAGE, and Super-Kamiokande data. We also discuss how well seasonal variations of the data can be used to measure (sin(2) 2 theta,Delta m(2)) in the case of vacuum oscillations. [S0556-2821(99)04719-0]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP de Gouvea, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011 NR 50 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 9 AR 093011 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.093011 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 251EC UT WOS:000083430800019 ER PT J AU de Teramond, GF AF de Teramond, GF TI Possible origin of fermion chirality and GUT structure from extra dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GRAND UNIFIED THEORIES; RIEMANNIAN GEOMETRY; SPECTRAL ASYMMETRY; GRAVITATIONAL ANOMALIES; GAUGE-THEORIES; STRING THEORY; DOMAIN-WALLS; TEV; MILLIMETER AB The fundamental chiral nature of the observed quarks and leptons and the emergence of the gauge group itself are the most puzzling aspects of the standard model. Starting from general considerations of topological properties of gauge field configurations in higher space-time dimensions, it is shown that the existence of nontrivial structures in ten dimensions would determine a class of models corresponding to a grand unified theory structure with complex fermion representations with respect to SU(3)(C) X SU(2)(L) X U(1)(Y). The discussion is carried out within the framework of string theories with characteristic energy scales below the Planck mass. Avoidance of topological obstructions upon continuous deformation of field configurations leads to global chiral symmetry breaking of the underlying fundamental theory, imposes rigorous restrictions on the structure of the vacuum and space-time itself, and determines uniquely the gauge structure and matter content. [S0556-2821(99)04919-X]. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Costa Rica, Escuela Fis, San Jose, Costa Rica. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. EM gdt@asterix.crnet.cr NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 9 AR 095010 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.095010 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 251EC UT WOS:000083430800061 ER PT J AU Hinchliffe, I Paige, FE AF Hinchliffe, I Paige, FE TI Measurements in gauge mediated SUSY breaking models at the CERN LHC SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING; GRAND UNIFICATION; SUPERGRAVITY AB Characteristic examples are presented of scenarios of particle production and decay in supersymmetry models in which the supersymmetry breaking is transmitted to the observable world via gauge interactions. The cases are chosen to illustrate the main classes of CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) phenomenology that can arise in these models. A new technique is illustrated that allows the full reconstruction of supersymmetry events despite the presence of two unobserved particles. This technique enables superparticle masses to be measured directly rather than being inferred from kinematic distributions. It is demonstrated that the LHC is capable of making sufficient measurements so as to severely over constrain the model and determine the parameters with great precision. [S0556-2821(99)05917-9]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hinchliffe, I (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 38 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 9 AR 095002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.095002 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 251EC UT WOS:000083430800053 ER PT J AU Marciano, WJ AF Marciano, WJ TI Fermi constants and "new physics" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HIGGS DOUBLET MODEL; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; TAU-DECAY; CONSTRAINTS AB Various precision determinations of the Fermi constant are compared. Included are muon and (leptonic) tan decays as well as indirect prescriptions employing alpha, m(Z), m(W), sin(2) theta(W)(m(Z))(<(MS)over bar>), Gamma(Z-->l(+)l(-)), and Gamma(Z -->) as input. Their good agreement tests the standard model at the +/-0.1% level and provides stringent constraints on new physics. That utility is illustrated for heavy neutrino mixing, two-Higgs-doublet models, S, T, and U parameters, and excited W*+/- bosons (Kaluza-Klein excitations). For the last of those examples, m(W*)greater than or similar to 2.9 TeV is found. [S0556-2821(99)02319-X]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 42 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 9 AR 093006 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.093006 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 251EC UT WOS:000083430800014 ER PT J AU Niculescu, I Keppel, C Liuti, S Niculescu, G AF Niculescu, I Keppel, C Liuti, S Niculescu, G TI Extraction of higher twists from electron-proton inclusive data at large Bjorken x SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID DEUTERON STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS; DEEP-INELASTIC-SCATTERING; FORM-FACTORS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; GLOBAL ANALYSIS; QCD; RESONANCES; TRANSITION; DYNAMICS; NUCLEON AB We extract the power corrections to the "scaling" proton structure function F-2(x,Q(2)) by using QCD moments obtained from the world's inclusive lepton-proton scattering data. As opposed to previous analyses, we take particular account of data at large Bjorken x(x > 0.75) which are dominated by nucleon resonances and which make up most of the structure function at low Q(2)(Q(2)less than or equal to 4 GeV2). We discuss possible improvements on the determination of the magnitude of the higher twist coefficients that could be obtained from a new set of measurements of the nucleon structure functions at large x and moderate Q(2). [S0556-2821(99)07913-8]. C1 Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Virginia, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. Ist Super Sanita, Phys Lab, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. RP Niculescu, I (reprint author), Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. NR 49 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 9 AR 094001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.094001 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 251EC UT WOS:000083430800021 ER PT J AU Parke, S Veseli, S AF Parke, S Veseli, S TI Distinguishing WH and Wb(b)over-bar production at the Fermilab Tevatron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MULTIDIMENSIONAL INTEGRATION; HIGGS AB The production of a Higgs boson in association with a W boson is the most likely process for the discovery of a light Higgs boson at the Fermilab Tevatron. Since it decays primarily to b-quark pairs, the principal background for this associated Higgs boson production process is Wb(b) over bar, where the pair comes from the splitting of an off mass shell gluon. In this paper we investigate whether the spin angular correlations of the final state particles can be used to separate the Higgs signal from the Wb(b) over bar background. We develop a general numerical technique which allows one to find a spin basis optimized according to a given criterion, and also give a new algorithm for reconstructing the W longitudinal momentum which is suitable for the WH and Wb(b) over bar processes. [S0556-2821(99)07019-8]. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Parke, S (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 9 AR 093003 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 251EC UT WOS:000083430800011 ER PT J AU Pisarski, RD Rischke, DH AF Pisarski, RD Rischke, DH TI Superfluidity in a model of massless fermions coupled to scalar bosons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING QUARK MATTER; COLOR SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; BARYON DENSITY; INSTANTONS AB We study superfluidity in a model of massless fermions coupled to a massive scalar field through a Yukawa interaction. Gap equations for a condensate with total spin J=0 are solved in the mean-field approximation. For the Yukawa interaction, the gaps for right- and left-handed fermions are equal in magnitude and opposite in sign, so that condensation occurs in the J(P)=0(+) channel. Ar finite scalar mass, there are two different gaps for fermions of a given chirality, corresponding to condensation of particle pairs or of antiparticle pairs. These gaps become degenerate in the limit of infinite scalar mass. [S0556-2821(99)04119-3]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN BNL Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Pisarski, RD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM pisarski@bnl.gov; rischke@bnl.gov NR 30 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 60 IS 9 AR 094013 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.60.094013 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 251EC UT WOS:000083430800033 ER PT J AU Baranyai, A Cummings, PT AF Baranyai, A Cummings, PT TI Towards a computational chemical potential for nonequilibrium steady-state systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE THEORY; SHEAR AB We explore an approach to derive a computable chemical potential analog for thermostatted steady-state systems arbitrarily far from equilibrium. Although our method is not rigorous, it is based on theoretical and numerical evidence and exploits analogies with Widom's method widely used in computer simulations of equilibrium fluids. We obtain two formulas, one for steady states and one for the transient region. Despite being analogous to the equilibrium expression, the steady-state formula can only be used for approximate calculations. Possessing less obvious characteristics, we present representative calculations for the transient approach and discuss its numerical feasibility. [S1063-651X(99)04511-0]. C1 Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Theoret Chem, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Theoret Chem, POB 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 BP 5522 EP 5527 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.5522 PN A PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 258ZZ UT WOS:000083870700069 PM 11970426 ER PT J AU Chu, CM Ball, M Brabson, B Budnick, J Ellison, M Fung, KM Hamilton, B Hsi, WC Jeon, D Kang, X Kiang, LL Lee, SY Ng, KY Pei, A Riabko, A Sloan, T AF Chu, CM Ball, M Brabson, B Budnick, J Ellison, M Fung, KM Hamilton, B Hsi, WC Jeon, D Kang, X Kiang, LL Lee, SY Ng, KY Pei, A Riabko, A Sloan, T TI Effects of overlapping parametric resonances on the particle diffusion process SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; BEAMS AB The evolution of the beam distribution in a double-rf system with a phase modulation on either the primary or secondary rf cavity was measured. We find that the particle diffusion process obeys the Einstein relation if the phase space becomes globally chaotic. When dominant parametric resonances still exist in the phase space, particles stream along the separatrices of the dominant resonance, and the beam width exhibits characteristic oscillatory structure. The particle-tracking simulations for the double-rf system are employed to reveal the essential diffusion mechanism. Coherent octupolar motion has been observed in the bunch beam excitation. The evolution of the longitudinal phase space in the octupole mode is displayed. [S1063-651X(99)00111-7]. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Chu, CM (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RI Jeon, Dong-O/S-2137-2016 OI Jeon, Dong-O/0000-0001-6482-5878 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 BP 6051 EP 6060 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.6051 PN B PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 259AB UT WOS:000083870900053 PM 11970510 ER PT J AU Power, JG Gai, W Schoessow, P AF Power, JG Gai, W Schoessow, P TI Wakefield excitation in multimode structures by a train of electron bunches SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC STRUCTURES; WAKE FIELDS AB We discuss wakefield excitation and propagation in dielectric structures, particularly concentrating on the case of multiple drive beam excitation in multimoded structures. We emphasize calculations of the energy loss of the drive beam train, the amplitude of the wakefield, and the relationship between power flow and stored energy in the dielectric wakefield device. We show that for a collinear multimode structure the amplitude of the wakefield generated by a bunch train is less than or equal to the wakefield generated by a single bunch of the same total charge. Furthermore, the transformer ratio R is shown to be always less than 2, even in the multiple drive beam case. [S1063-651X(99)03511-4]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Power, JG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 BP 6061 EP 6067 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.6061 PN B PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 259AB UT WOS:000083870900054 PM 11970511 ER PT J AU Alexiou, S Glenzer, S Lee, RW AF Alexiou, S Glenzer, S Lee, RW TI Line shape measurement and isolated line width calculations: Quantal versus semiclassical methods SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Letter ID PLASMA AB In a recent payer Griem, Ralchencko, Bray [Phys. Rev. E 56, 7186 (1998)] perform quantum-mechanical calculations of the line width of the B III 2s-2p transition and find agreement with previous quantum-mechanical results. The quantum-mechanical widths are a factor similar to 2 smaller than those measured in a recent experiment where the full width at half maximum for the B III 2s-2p transition was measured in a plasma with a measured electron temperature and density of 10 eV and 2x10(18) cm(-3). The quantum-mechanical results also disagree with a nonperturbative semiclassical calculation. We will illustrate that Griem, Ralcheneko, and fray are incorrect in stating that the experimental results are in error and that the semiclassical calculations are inapplicable, [S1063-651X(99)07311-0]. C1 Univ Paris 06, F-75272 Paris 5, France. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Alexiou, S (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75272 Paris 5, France. NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1999 VL 60 IS 5 BP 6238 EP 6240 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.60.6238 PN B PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 259AB UT WOS:000083870900087 PM 11970544 ER PT J AU Lin, Z Hahm, TS Lee, WW Tang, WM Diamond, PH AF Lin, Z Hahm, TS Lee, WW Tang, WM Diamond, PH TI Effects of collisional zonal flow damping on turbulent transport SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT; PARTICLE SIMULATION; DRIFT WAVES; TOKAMAKS; PLASMA; FLUCTUATIONS; DRIVEN; MODES; SHEAR AB Results from 3D global gyrokinetic particle simulations of ion-temperature-gradient driven microturbulence in a toroidal plasma show that the ion thermal transport level in the interior region exhibits significant dependence on the ion-ion collision frequency even in regimes where the instabilities are collisionless. This is identified as arising from the Coulomb collisional damping of turbulence-generated zonal flows. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Lin, Z (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 28 TC 182 Z9 182 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 18 BP 3645 EP 3648 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3645 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250PZ UT WOS:000083397900019 ER PT J AU Carreras, BA van Milligen, B Hidalgo, C Balbin, R Sanchez, E Garcia-Cortes, I Pedrosa, MA Bleuel, J Endler, M AF Carreras, BA van Milligen, B Hidalgo, C Balbin, R Sanchez, E Garcia-Cortes, I Pedrosa, MA Bleuel, J Endler, M TI Self-similarity properties of the probability distribution function of turbulence-induced particle fluxes at the plasma edge SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-FLUCTUATIONS; ORGANIZED CRITICALITY; TRANSPORT; DYNAMICS; TOKAMAK AB The probability distribution function of the turbulence-induced particle flux at the plasma edge has distinct functional forms over two distinct ranges of time scales. One range corresponds to the fluctuation time scales and the other one is the mesoscale range: time scales between the turbulence decorrelation and confinement time. In the second range, the probability distribution function is selfsimilar and essentially has only the outward Aux tail. This structure reflects some of the mechanisms of the underlying turbulence. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Asociac Euratom Ciemat, Madrid 28040, Spain. EURATOM Assoc, Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, D-85740 Garching, Germany. RP Carreras, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sanchez, Edilberto/D-4620-2009; van Milligen, Boudewijn/H-5121-2015; Garcia-Cortes, Isabel/H-3341-2015; Balbin, Rosa/F-8210-2010 OI Sanchez, Edilberto/0000-0003-1062-7870; van Milligen, Boudewijn/0000-0001-5344-6274; Garcia-Cortes, Isabel/0000-0002-5223-391X; Balbin, Rosa/0000-0001-5231-1300 NR 14 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 18 BP 3653 EP 3656 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3653 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250PZ UT WOS:000083397900021 ER PT J AU Petty, CC Wade, MR Kinsey, JE Groebner, RJ Luce, TC Staebler, GM AF Petty, CC Wade, MR Kinsey, JE Groebner, RJ Luce, TC Staebler, GM TI Dependence of heat and particle transport on the ratio of the ion and electron temperatures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; DIII-D; ENHANCED CONFINEMENT; TOKAMAK AB Experiments in high confinement (H-mode) plasmas on the DIII-D tokamak show that the heat and particle transport are sensitive to the ratio of the ion and electron temperatures. Increasing the ion-to-electron temperature ratio decreases the electron and ion heat transport and the particle transport regardless of which temperature is being varied. A likely explanation of these results is the dependence of the ion-temperature-gradient instability on the ratio of the ion and electron temperatures. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Petty, CC (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 13 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 18 BP 3661 EP 3664 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3661 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250PZ UT WOS:000083397900023 ER PT J AU Campuzano, JC Ding, H Norman, MR Fretwell, HM Randeria, M Kaminski, A Mesot, J Takeuchi, T Sato, T Yokoya, T Takahashi, T Mochiku, T Kadowaki, K Guptasarma, P Hinks, DG Konstantinovic, Z Li, ZZ Raffy, H AF Campuzano, JC Ding, H Norman, MR Fretwell, HM Randeria, M Kaminski, A Mesot, J Takeuchi, T Sato, T Yokoya, T Takahashi, T Mochiku, T Kadowaki, K Guptasarma, P Hinks, DG Konstantinovic, Z Li, ZZ Raffy, H TI Electronic spectra and their relation to the (pi,pi) collective mode in high-T(c) superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; FERMI-SURFACE; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; STATE; GAP; DISPERSION; PSEUDOGAP; EVOLUTION AB The photoemission line shape near (pi, 0) in Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta) below T(c) is characterized by a sharp peak, followed at higher energy by a dip and hump. We study the evolution of this line shape as a function of momentum, temperature, and doping. We find the hump scales with the peak and persists above T(c) in the pseudogap state. We present strong evidence that the peak-dip-hump structure arises from the interaction of electrons with a collective mode of wave vector (pi, pi). The inferred mode energy and its doping dependence agree well with a magnetic resonance observed by neutron scattering. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Nagoya Univ, Dept Crystalline Mat Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 46401, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Natl Res Inst Met, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Paris 11, Phys Solides Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. RP Campuzano, JC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. RI Takahashi, Takashi/E-5080-2010; Sato, Takafumi/E-5094-2010; Tohoku, Arpes/A-4890-2010; Konstantinovic, Zorica/C-3224-2011; Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013; YOKOYA, Takayoshi/B-1478-2011; OI Konstantinovic, Zorica/0000-0002-6871-7038; Ding, Hong/0000-0003-4422-9248 NR 33 TC 275 Z9 277 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 18 BP 3709 EP 3712 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3709 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250PZ UT WOS:000083397900035 ER PT J AU Chuang, YD Gromko, AD Dessau, DS Aiura, Y Yamaguchi, Y Oka, K Arko, AJ Joyce, J Eisaki, H Uchida, SI Nakamura, K Ando, Y AF Chuang, YD Gromko, AD Dessau, DS Aiura, Y Yamaguchi, Y Oka, K Arko, AJ Joyce, J Eisaki, H Uchida, SI Nakamura, K Ando, Y TI Reexamination of the electronic structure of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta and Bi2Sr2Cu1O6+delta: Electronlike portions of the Fermi surface and depletion of spectral weight near (M)over-bar SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED-PHOTOEMISSION; GAP ANISOTROPY; NORMAL-STATE; METALLICITY; SINGULARITY; PSEUDOGAP; BANDS; PLANE AB We present a reexamination of the electronic structure and Fermi surface (FS) topology of Bi-Sr-CaCu-O (BSCCO) as obtained from angle-resolved photoemission experiments. By applying a stricter set of FS crossing criteria as well as by varying the incident photon energy outside the usual range, we have found very different behavior from that previously observed. In particular, we have found a FS that is centered around the Gamma point and contains electronlike portions, and we observe a depletion of spectral weight around (M) over bar. The flat bands observed at other photon energies may indicate the presence of two electronic components in the cuprates. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Electrotech Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Superconduct, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. RP Chuang, YD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ando, Yoichi/B-8163-2013 OI Ando, Yoichi/0000-0002-3553-3355 NR 19 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 18 BP 3717 EP 3720 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3717 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 250PZ UT WOS:000083397900037 ER PT J AU Daftari, I Castenadas, C Petti, PL Singh, RP Verhey, LJ AF Daftari, I Castenadas, C Petti, PL Singh, RP Verhey, LJ TI An application of GafChromic MD-55 film for 67.5 MeV clinical proton beam dosimetry SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMPROVED RADIOCHROMIC FILM; DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS; RADIATION; GELS AB The purpose of this study is to explore the use of GafChromic MD-55 (RC) film for 67.5 MeV clinical proton beam dosimetry at the Crocker Nuclear Laboratory, University of California, Davis. Several strips of RC film 6 cm x 6 cm in dimension were irradiated at a depth of 18.2 mm corresponding to the middle of a 24 mm spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP). The films were irradiated to a proton dose in the range of 0.5 Gy to 100 Gy. The beam profiles were also measured at the middle of the 24 mm SOBP. The Bragg peak was measured by using a wedge shaped phantom made of Lucite. The Bragg peak measured with RC film was compared with diode and ionization chamber measurements. After background subtraction, the calibration of the dose response of RC film showed, to a maximum deviation of 10%, a linear increase of optical density (OD) with dose from 0.5 to 100 Gy. The uniformity of OD over a single sheet of film showed a variation of +/-6%. The distal-fall off between 90% and 20% measured with GafChromic film for the Bragg peak was 1.3 mm as compared to 1.1 mm for a diode measurement and 1.4 mm for an ionization chamber measurement. The FWHM of the Bragg peak was 7.5 mm when measured with GafChromic film, 5.3 mm when measured with a diode and 8.1 mm as measured by an ionization chamber. The peak/plateau ratio with GafChromic film was 3.3 as compared to 3.7 with a diode and 3.2 with an ionization chamber. In conclusion, GafChromic MD-55 film may be a useful and convenient detector for dose measurement and quality assurance programmes of proton beams. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiat Oncol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Crocker Nucl Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Daftari, I (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiat Oncol, 505 Parnassus Ave,L75, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 44 IS 11 BP 2735 EP 2745 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/44/11/304 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 255XP UT WOS:000083695700005 PM 10588281 ER PT J AU Marsh, GE Nissim-Sabat, C AF Marsh, GE Nissim-Sabat, C TI Comment on ''The speed of gravity'' SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Editorial Material AB Comment on a recent article by Van Flandern [Phys. Lett. A 250 (1998) 1]. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Marsh, GE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 262 IS 2-3 BP 257 EP 260 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(99)00675-1 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 257YP UT WOS:000083810600024 ER PT J AU Vold, EL AF Vold, EL TI Computational simulations of vorticity enhanced diffusion SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SHEAR-LAYER; VORTEX; FLOWS; TURBULENCE AB Computer simulations are used to investigate a phenomenon of vorticity enhanced diffusion (VED), a net transport and mixing of a passive scalar across a prescribed vortex flow field driven by a background gradient in the scalar quantity. The central issue under study here is the increase in scalar flux down the gradient and across the vortex field. The numerical scheme uses cylindrical coordinates centered with the vortex flow which allows an exact advective solution and 1D or 2D diffusion using simple numerical methods. In the results, the ratio of transport across a localized vortex region in the presence of the vortex flow over that expected for diffusion alone is evaluated as a measure of VED. This ratio is seen to increase dramatically while the absolute flux across the vortex decreases slowly as the diffusion coefficient is decreased. Similar results are found and compared for varying diffusion coefficient, D, or vortex rotation time, tau(v), for a constant background gradient in the transported scalar vs an interface in the transported quantity, and for vortex flow fields constant in time vs flow which evolves in time from an initial state and with a Schmidt number of order unity. A simple analysis shows that for a small diffusion coefficient, the flux ratio measure of VED scales as the vortex radius over the thickness for mass diffusion in a viscous shear layer within the vortex characterized by (D tau(v))(1/2). The phenomenon is linear as investigated here and suggests that a significant enhancement of mixing in fluids may be a relatively simple linear process. Discussion touches on how this vorticity enhanced diffusion may be related to mixing in nonlinear turbulent flows. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-6631(99)01911-X]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrodynam Methods Grp, XHM, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Vold, EL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrodynam Methods Grp, XHM, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD NOV PY 1999 VL 11 IS 11 BP 3353 EP 3368 DI 10.1063/1.870194 PG 16 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 244LN UT WOS:000083052700016 ER PT J AU Vassiliadis, D Baker, DN Lundstedt, H Davidson, RC AF Vassiliadis, D Baker, DN Lundstedt, H Davidson, RC TI Special topic: Nonlinear Methods in Space Plasma Physics Papers Presented at the 1998 Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union - Foreword SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Colorado, Lab Astrophys & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Lund, Dept Astron, Lund, Sweden. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Vassiliadis, D (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1999 VL 6 IS 11 BP III EP IV PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 246XN UT WOS:000083190300001 ER PT J AU Voitsekhovitch, I Garbet, X Moreau, D Bush, CE Litaudon, X Budny, RV Gohil, P Kinsey, J Taylor, TS Stallard, BW AF Voitsekhovitch, I Garbet, X Moreau, D Bush, CE Litaudon, X Budny, RV Gohil, P Kinsey, J Taylor, TS Stallard, BW TI Modeling of the shear effects on the thermal ion transport in advanced tokamak scenarios SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Amer Geophys Union ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; DIII-D TOKAMAK; NEOCLASSICAL TRANSPORT; POLOIDAL ROTATION; MAGNETIC SHEAR; BARRIER FORMATION; VELOCITY SHEAR; H-MODE; PLASMAS; TURBULENCE AB Plasma shear effects on thermal ion transport in present advanced tokamak scenarios are analyzed. In order to overcome some limitations encountered from previous shear dependent models [e.g., V. Parail , Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 40, 805 (1998), and references therein], a semiempirical model combining the effects of the magnetic and ExB rotation shears is proposed. These shear dependences are based on simple theoretical arguments from turbulence studies. The dominant stabilizing term of our shear correction is the shear in toroidal rotation. The predictive modeling of the formation and evolution of thermal ion internal transport barriers in relevant advanced scenarios of Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor [E. J. Synakowski , Phys. Plasmas 4, 1736 (1997)], Doublet III-D (DIII-D) [B. W. Rice , Nucl. Fusion 36, 1271 (1996)] and Joint European Torus (JET) [F. X. Soldner and the JET Team, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 39, B353 (1997)] with our shear correction is presented. A multimachine test of the model performed here provides a basis for predictive simulations of future experiments and for the optimization of advanced scenarios through plasma control. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)00311-0]. C1 Univ Aix Marseille 1, Equipe Turbulence Plasma, F-13397 Marseille, France. Ctr Etud Cadarache, Dept Rech Fus Controlee, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Russian Res Ctr Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Univ Aix Marseille 1, Equipe Turbulence Plasma, F-13397 Marseille, France. EM irina@drfc.cad.cea.fr NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X EI 1089-7674 J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1999 VL 6 IS 11 BP 4229 EP 4238 DI 10.1063/1.873690 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 246XN UT WOS:000083190300014 ER PT J AU Baker, KL Drake, RP Estabrook, KG Sleaford, B Prasad, MK La Fontaine, B Villeneuve, DM AF Baker, KL Drake, RP Estabrook, KG Sleaford, B Prasad, MK La Fontaine, B Villeneuve, DM TI Measurement of the frequency and spectral width of the Langmuir wave spectrum driven by stimulated Raman scattering SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Geophys Union ID LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; PARAMETRIC-INSTABILITIES; ELECTRON; PLANAR; EMISSION; LIGHT; DECAY AB Thomson scattering was used to measure the spectrum of Langmuir waves, in both frequency and wave number, driven below quarter-critical density by a laser beam. These measurements were capable of detecting and identifying waves driven by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and also of detecting waves driven by other effects such as the bump-on-tail instability postulated by the enhanced Thomson scattering model of Raman emission. The observed Langmuir waves were consistent with SRS and not with other possible sources. The width in k-space of the measured Thomson scattering signals also has implications for the saturation amplitude of the Langmuir waves. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(99)00111-1]. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Plasma Phys Res Inst, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Inst Natl Rech Sci Energie & Mat, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S2, Canada. Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. RP Baker, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Plasma Phys Res Inst, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Villeneuve, David/I-4140-2012; Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012 OI Villeneuve, David/0000-0002-2810-3648; Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1999 VL 6 IS 11 BP 4284 EP 4292 DI 10.1063/1.873706 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 246XN UT WOS:000083190300020 ER PT J AU Bradley, PA Wilson, DC AF Bradley, PA Wilson, DC TI Physics of one-dimensional capsule designs for the National Ignition Facility SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Geophys Union ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; HIGH-GAIN; TARGETS AB This article describes a suite of 250, 280, and 350 eV copper-doped Be [Be(Cu)] capsule designs for the National Ignition Facility [Paisner , Laser Focus World 30, 75 (1994)] and compare these to previous Be(Cu) and bromine-doped CH plastic [CH(Br)] capsule designs for 300 and 330 eV drives. These capsule designs are constrained to have the same deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel mass as the 300 and 330 eV designs so that differences in yield are due to differences in capsule compression before ignition. The one-dimensional (1-D) calculations show that the fuel rho r reaches a maximum value when about 20-30 mu m of ablator material is left behind, and this amount of ablator material provides the best trade-off between maximizing the fuel rho r, the implosion velocity, and the calculated clean yield. The results of this paper add optimized 1-D capsule designs that operate at drive temperatures of 250, 280, and 350 eV and they complement the established 300 eV CH(Br) ablator and the 330 eV Be(Cu) ablator designs. [S1070-664X(99)00611-4]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, XTA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bradley, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, XTA, MS 8220, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1999 VL 6 IS 11 BP 4293 EP 4303 DI 10.1063/1.873710 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 246XN UT WOS:000083190300021 ER PT J AU Farley, DR Peyser, TA Logory, LM Murray, SD Burke, EW AF Farley, DR Peyser, TA Logory, LM Murray, SD Burke, EW TI High Mach number mix instability experiments of an unstable density interface using a single-mode, nonlinear initial perturbation SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the American-Geophysical-Union CY DEC 06-10, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Geophys Union ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; RADIATION-DRIVEN SHOCK; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; NOVA; TARGETS AB The growth of an unstable density interface from a nonlinear, single-mode, two-dimensional initial perturbation (10 mu m amplitude; 23 mu m wavelength) has been studied experimentally using a miniature shock tube attached to a gold hohlraum irradiated by the Nova laser [J. T. Hunt and D. R. Speck, Opt. Eng. 28, 461 (1989)]. The initial perturbation was machined into a brominated plastic ablator (1.22 g/cm(3)) adjacent to a low density carbon foam (0.10 g/cm(3)). Upon laser illumination of the hohlraum and x-ray ablation of the plastic, a strong shock wave (Mach similar to 30) propagated across the perturbed density interface causing the onset of the Richtmyer-Meshkov (RM) instability. The interface subsequently experienced a relatively weak Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) unstable deceleration. The nonlinear growth of the mixing layer was obtained from time-resolved radiography of the x-ray transmission through the shock tube, and the decompression-corrected results were compared to published incompressible models, including a Lagrangian energy formulation. The experimental data were also compared with the results of two-dimensional numerical simulation. [S1070-664X(99)01311-7]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Farley, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Murray, Stephen/0000-0001-5597-090X NR 46 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1999 VL 6 IS 11 BP 4304 EP 4317 DI 10.1063/1.873707 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 246XN UT WOS:000083190300022 ER PT J AU Wasiolek, PT AF Wasiolek, PT TI Misused measure units can cause radon scare and spacecraft loss SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Wasiolek, PT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD NOV PY 1999 VL 52 IS 11 BP 82 EP 83 DI 10.1063/1.882740 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 253EC UT WOS:000083542800028 ER PT J AU Tranquada, J AF Tranquada, J TI Superconductor stripes move on SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tranquada, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD NOV PY 1999 VL 12 IS 11 BP 19 EP 20 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 255TG UT WOS:000083685800022 ER PT J AU Chance, MS Kessel, C Jardin, SC AF Chance, MS Kessel, C Jardin, SC TI The Mercier criterion in reversed-shear tokamak plasmas SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC SHEAR; STABILITY AB A recent numerical study has found that, contrary to conventional theoretical and experimental expectations, reversed-shear plasmas are unstable primarily because the term proportional to the shear in the Mercier criterion is destabilizing. Tn the present study, the role of the magnetic shear, both local and global, is examined for various tokamak configurations with monotonic and non-monotonic safety factor profiles. The enhancement of the local shear due to the outward shift of the magnetic axis suggests that the latter are less susceptible to interchanges. Furthermore, by regrouping the terms in the criterion, the V" term when differentiated instead with respect to the toroidal flux, is shown to absorb the dominant shear term. No Mercier instability is found for similar profiles as in the previous study. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Chance, MS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RI Jardin, Stephen/E-9392-2010 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1379 EP 1392 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/41/11/305 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 262WJ UT WOS:000084090800006 ER PT J AU Kim, JS Edgell, DH Greene, JM Strait, EJ Chance, MS AF Kim, JS Edgell, DH Greene, JM Strait, EJ Chance, MS TI MHD mode identification of tokamak plasmas from Mirnov signals SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article ID PARAMETERS AB Identification of coherent waves from fluctuating tokamak plasmas is important for the understanding of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) behaviour of the plasma and its control. Toroidicity, plasma shaping, uneven distances between the resonant surfaces and detectors, and non-circular conducting wall geometry have made mode identification difficult and complex, especially in terms of the conventional toroidal and poloidal mode numbers, which we call (m, n)-identification. Singular value decomposition (SVD), without any assumption of the basis vectors, determines its own basis vectors representing the fluctuation data in the directions of maximum coherence, Factorization of a synchronized set of spatially distributed data leads to eigenvectors of time- and spatial-covariance matrices, with the energy content of each eigenvector. SVD minimizes the number of significant basis vectors, reducing noise, and minimizes the data storage required to restore the fluctuation data. For sinusoidal signals, SVD is essentially the same as spectral analysis, When the mode has non-smooth structures the advantage of not having to treat all its spectral components is significant in analysing mode dynamics and in data storage. From time SVD vectors, we can see the evolution of each coherent structure. Therefore, sporadic or intermittent events can be recognized, while such events would be ignored with spectral analysis. We present the use of SVD to analyse tokamak magnetic fluctuation data, time evolution of MHD modes, spatial structure of each time vector, and the energy content of each mode, if desired, the spatial SVD vectors can be least-square fit to specific numerical predictions for the (m, n) identification. A phase-fitting method for (m, n) mode identification is presented for comparison. Applications of these methods to mode locking analysis are presented. C1 FARTECH Inc, San Diego, CA 92122 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kim, JS (reprint author), FARTECH Inc, 3146 Bunche Ave, San Diego, CA 92122 USA. NR 18 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD NOV PY 1999 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1399 EP 1420 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/41/11/307 PG 22 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 262WJ UT WOS:000084090800008 ER PT J AU Schulke, T Anders, A AF Schulke, T Anders, A TI Velocity distribution of carbon macroparticles generated by pulsed vacuum arcs SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The velocity distributions of carbon macroparticles have been measured using a simple optical technique with a gated charged-coupled device camera, utilizing the light emitted by the incandescently bright particles. Distributions have been separately determined for macroparticles which have and have not experienced collisions with a solid wall (the anode). The measured velocities are in the range 10-370 m s(-1). The distribution without wall collisions peaks at 80 m s(-1), while the distribution of particles with wall collisions peaks at about 50 m s(-1). This indicates that, in the average, about one-third of the kinetic energy is lost to the wall when a collision occurs, assuming macroparticles remained intact. However, it is shown that most carbon macroparticles fracture into even smaller particles when colliding with a surface. The velocity measurements do not include either very small (submicrometre) or cooled-off particles. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Fraunhofer Res Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 8 IS 4 BP 567 EP 571 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/8/4/307 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 261KA UT WOS:000084007300008 ER PT J AU Liu, MJ Frechet, JMJ AF Liu, MJ Frechet, JMJ TI Preparation, MALDI-TOF analysis, and micelle-like behavior of alkyl-modified poly(propylene imine) dendrimers SO POLYMER BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID POLYMERS AB MALDI-TOF mass spectral analysis was used to characterize the novel unimolecular micelles that result from functionalization of the chain ends of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers with C-10 alkanoyl or C-12 alkyl groups. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frechet, JMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Frechet, Jean /0000-0001-6419-0163 NR 14 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0170-0839 J9 POLYM BULL JI Polym. Bull. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 43 IS 4-5 BP 379 EP 386 DI 10.1007/s002890050625 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 273EA UT WOS:000084693900012 ER PT J AU Kim, MH Alamo, RG Lin, JS AF Kim, MH Alamo, RG Lin, JS TI The cocrystallization behavior of binary blends of isotactic polypropylene and propylene-ethylene random copolymers SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; LIQUID PHASE-SEPARATION; LINEAR LOW-DENSITY; X-RAY-SCATTERING; CRYSTALLIZATION CONDITIONS; MORPHOLOGY; MISCIBILITY; SEGREGATION; KINETICS; POLY(PROPYLENE) AB Rapidly crystallized blends of metallocene isotactic polypropylene and propylene-ethylene random copolymers with an ethylene content varying from 0.76 to 7 mol% were found to cocrystallize to different degrees depending on the composition of the comonomer and content of copolymer in the blend. The degree of molecular mixing was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and solvent extraction techniques. A high extent of cocrystallization is obtained in the whole composition range of blends with a copolymer having-up to similar to 2 mol% of ethylene. The degree of cocrystallization decreases gradually with increasing ethylene content or with increasing copolymer content in the blend. It is found that for ethylene contents as high as 5-7 mol% the copolymer rich blends show partial separate crystallization of the propylene ethylene copolymer. Thus, these crystals were selectively extracted at temperatures just above the dissolution temperature of the pure copolymer. In these blends, the fractional content of segments from the copolymer molecules incorporated in the cocrystal is low, yet it prevents extraction of these molecules at temperatures above the dissolution temperature of the copolymer. The degree of cocrystallization-is explained by differences in crystallization kinetics of the pure components. The percentage of extracted material was found to be directly related to the dissolution temperature of the cocrystal which was also found to be a linear function of the inverse of the crystallite thickness. The high extent of cocrystallization observed for these polypropylene blends contrasts with comparable blends of polyethylenes. The blends of linear PE with a copolymer of 4 mol% branch units and higher, form separate crystals even after rapid crystallization. C1 Florida Agr & Mech Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Florida State Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Chem Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alamo, RG (reprint author), Florida Agr & Mech Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 45 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 17 PU SOC PLASTICS ENG INC PI BROOKFIELD PA 14 FAIRFIELD DR, BROOKFIELD, CT 06804-0403 USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 39 IS 11 BP 2117 EP 2131 DI 10.1002/pen.11602 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 261JY UT WOS:000084007100001 ER PT J AU Fthenakis, VM Morris, SC Moskowitz, PD Morgan, DL AF Fthenakis, VM Morris, SC Moskowitz, PD Morgan, DL TI Toxicity of Cadmium Telluride, Copper Indium Diselenide, and Copper Gallium Diselenide SO PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article ID PULMONARY TOXICITY; RATS AB This paper reviews recently derived toxicity data for Copper Indium Diselenide (CIS), Cadmium Gallium Diselenide (CGS) and Cadmium Telluride (CT), promising new materials on which a new generation of thin-film photovoltaic cells for generating electricity may be based The new data deal with systemic and reproductive toxicity, acute pulmonary toxicity, and comparative pulmonary absorption, distribution and toxicity of these materials in laboratory rats. CT is shown to have higher lung toxicity than CIS, with the CGS toxicity being the lowest in the group. These data are extended to human exposure levels and exposure limits for CT are derived. The implications of these findings to the photovoltaic industry are also discussed. Published in 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This article is a U.S. Government Work and is in the public domain in the United States. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Fthenakis, VM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 830, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1062-7995 J9 PROG PHOTOVOLTAICS JI Prog. Photovoltaics PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 7 IS 6 BP 489 EP 497 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-159X(199911/12)7:6<489::AID-PIP287>3.3.CO;2-E PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 274NC UT WOS:000084771100008 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Xu, D Crawford, OH Einstein, JR Larimer, F Uberbacher, E Unseren, MA Zhang, G AF Xu, Y Xu, D Crawford, OH Einstein, JR Larimer, F Uberbacher, E Unseren, MA Zhang, G TI Protein threading by PROSPECT: a prediction experiment in CASP3 SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE combinatorial optimization; fold recognition; protein threading; protein structure prediction ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE; CLASSIFICATION; SEQUENCES; DATABASE; SIMILARITIES; RECOGNITION; DICTIONARY; FEATURES; PDB AB We present an analysis of the protein fold recognition experiment using PROSPECT in The Third Community Wide Experiment on the Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP3), PROSPECT is a computer program we have recently developed for finding an optimal alignment between a protein sequence and a protein structural fold. Two unique features of PROSPECT are (a) that it guarantees to find the globally optimal sequence-structure alignment and does so in an efficient manner, when the alignment-scoring function consists of three additive terms: (i) a singleton fitness term, (ii) a pairwise contact preference term between residues that are spatiaIly close (less than or equal to 15 Angstrom between their beta-carbons) and (iii) an alignment gap penalty; and (b) that it guarantees to find the globally-optimal alignment under various constraints on the unknown protein specified by the user. In the CASP3 experiment, PROSPECT correctly identified the most similar folds for 11 targets and predicted closely-similar folds for five other targets among the 23 targets which can be classified into the category of fold-recognition problems and also had their experimentally-determined structures available. Among the 11 correctly identified folds, PROSPECT obtained good sequence-structure alignments for nine of them. On three of the five ab initio prediction problems, PROSPECT successfully located partial structures from our template library, which align accurately with the corresponding targets. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Computat Prot Struct Grp, Computat Biosci Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Engn Sci Adv Res, Div Comp Sci & Math, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Computat Prot Struct Grp, Computat Biosci Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0269-2139 J9 PROTEIN ENG JI Protein Eng. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 12 IS 11 BP 899 EP 907 DI 10.1093/protein/12.11.899 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 264MZ UT WOS:000084187200002 PM 10585495 ER PT J AU Landgraf, R Fischer, D Eisenberg, D AF Landgraf, R Fischer, D Eisenberg, D TI Analysis of heregulin symmetry by weighted evolutionary tracing SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE evolutionary trace; HER; heregulin; receptor heterodimer; symmetry ID EPIDERMAL GROWTH-FACTOR; EGF-LIKE DOMAIN; BREAST-CANCER; NEUREGULIN RECEPTOR; CARDIAC DEVELOPMENT; OVARIAN-CANCER; PROTEIN; ERBB2; BINDING; LIGAND AB Heregulins are members of the protein family of EGF-like growth and differentiation factors. The primary cell-surface targets of heregulins are heterodimers of the EGF-receptor homolog HER2 with either HER3 or HER4. We used a weighted evolutionary trace analysis to identify structural features that distinguish the EGF-like domain (hrg) of heregulins from other members of the EGF family. In this analysis, each amino acid sequence is weighted according to its uniqueness and the variability in each position is assigned by an amino acid substitution matrix. Conserved residues in heregulin that are variable in other EGF-like domains are considered possible specificity-conferring residues. This analysis identifies two clusters of residues at the foot of the boot-shaped hrg domain. The residues in one cluster are recruited from the N-terminus; those in the other are from the Omega-loop region and show a weak sequence similarity to the N-terminal residues at the opposite side of the boot. The remaining residues with high conservation scores distribute themselves into these two distinct surfaces on hrg. This pseudo-twofold symmetry and the presence of two distinct interfaces may reflect the preference of hrg for heterodimeric versus homodimeric HER complexes. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, US DOE, Struct Biol & Mol Med Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Eisenberg, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, US DOE, Struct Biol & Mol Med Lab, 405 Hilgard Ave,Box 951570, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1F32 AI09619]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM31299] NR 33 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0269-2139 J9 PROTEIN ENG JI Protein Eng. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 12 IS 11 BP 943 EP 951 DI 10.1093/protein/12.11.943 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 264MZ UT WOS:000084187200006 PM 10585499 ER PT J AU Forstner, M Peters-Libeu, G Contreras-Forrest, E Newhouse, Y Knapp, M Rupp, B Weisgraber, KH AF Forstner, M Peters-Libeu, G Contreras-Forrest, E Newhouse, Y Knapp, M Rupp, B Weisgraber, KH TI Carboxyl-terminal domain of human apolipoprotein E: Expression, purification, and crystallization SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-BINDING DOMAIN; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; E POLYMORPHISM; TYPE-4 ALLELE; HEAD-INJURY; LIPOPROTEINS; RISK; ARGININE-61 AB Thioredoxin fusion expression vectors for two carboxyl-terminal fragments of human apolipoprotein (apo) E (residues 223-272 and 223-299) were generated from an apoE cDNA with the objective of obtaining structural information on this functionally important region of apoE by X-ray crystallography, A thrombin cleavage recognition site was positioned at the fusion junction to release the apoE fragments from the fusion protein. The fusion proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, isolated from cell lysates by nickel-affinity column chromatography, and cleaved with thrombin, After gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography, yields of each fragment were approximately 14 mg/L, Both fragments bind to the phospholipid dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine in a manner similar to that of the 216-299 fragment of apoE isolated from plasma, which represents the major lipid-binding region of the protein. Orthorhombic crystals of the apoE 223-272 fragment that diffracted to 1.8 Angstrom were obtained in a mixture of 0.1 M imidazole (pH 6.0) and 0.4 M NaOAc (pH 7.0-7.5), containing 30% glycerol. The space group is C222 with cell dimensions of a = 35.17 Angstrom, b = 38.95 Angstrom, and c = 133.27 Angstrom. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Weisgraber, KH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Gladstone Inst Cardiovasc Dis, San Francisco, CA 94141 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 41633] NR 31 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-5928 J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF JI Protein Expr. Purif. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 17 IS 2 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1006/prep.1999.1144 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 254BM UT WOS:000083591700009 PM 10545275 ER PT J AU Pellegrini, M Yeates, TO AF Pellegrini, M Yeates, TO TI Searching for frameshift evolutionary relationships between protein sequence families SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND GENETICS LA English DT Article DE domains; point mutations; statistical significance; evolution; overlapping genes; reading frame ID AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; DATABASE AB The protein sequence database was analyzed for evidence that some distinct sequence families might be distantly related in evolution by changes in frame of translation. Sequences were compared using special amino acid substitution matrices for the alternate frames of translation, The statistical significance of alignment scores were computed in the true database and shuffled versions of the database that preserve any potential codon bias, The comparison of results from these two databases provides a very sensitive method for detecting remote relationships. We find a weak but measurable relatedness within the database as a whole, supporting the notion that some proteins may have evolved from others through changes in frame of translation. We also quantify residual homology in the ordinary sense within a database of generally unrelated sequences. Proteins 1999;37: 278-283. (C) 1999 (C) Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, US DOE, Lab Struct Biol & Mol Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Yeates, TO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Mol Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Yeates, Todd/0000-0001-5709-9839 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 37 IS 2 BP 278 EP 283 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0134(19991101)37:2<278::AID-PROT12>3.3.CO;2-O PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 250GD UT WOS:000083379900012 PM 10584072 ER PT J AU Gauglitz, G Moore, DS AF Gauglitz, G Moore, DS CA Commission Spectrochemical Other TI Nomenclature, symbols, units, and their usage in spectrochemical analysis - XVII. Laser-based molecular spectrometry of chemical analysis: Absorption (IUPAC Recommendations 1999) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB This report is the 17th in a series on spectrochemical methods of analysis issued by IUPAC Commission V.4. It is concerned with the principles of laser absorption spectroscopy and its application in the optical wavelength region. The present report has four main sections: fundamentals of laser absorption spectroscopy, Doppler-limited spectroscopy, sub-Doppler laser spectroscopy, and time-resolved laser spectroscopy. C1 Univ Tubingen, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gauglitz, G (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Phys & Theoret Chem, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RI Moore, David/C-8692-2013 NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 71 IS 11 BP 2189 EP 2204 DI 10.1351/pac199971112189 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 334RU UT WOS:000088200100022 ER PT J AU Gritto, R Korneev, VA Johnson, LR AF Gritto, R Korneev, VA Johnson, LR TI Nonlinear three-dimensional inversion of low-frequency scattered elastic waves SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE elastic wave scattering; nonlinear inversion; Rayleigh; Mie approximation ID INCLUSION AB We investigate a new nonlinear inversion method for low frequencies to determine the bulk and shear modulus as well as the material density and the location of subsurface inhomogeneities. The solution is a direct exact nonlinear inversion of single scattered waves containing near- and far-field terms for incident P and scattered P and S waves, allowing for inversion of parameters in the vicinity and at distance from the sources and receivers. Because the approach is based on single scattering theory, the range of application includes single strong scattering anomalies of various sizes like magma chambers, gas- or fluid-filled cavities, or buried near-surface obstacles. The replacement of the material properties by a new set of parameters, referred to as scattering factors, allows the inverse problem to be solved analytically. The nonlinear nature of the scattering problem is investigated and implications for the inversion process are discussed. The deviations in the elastic parameters as a function of the scattering factors show a strong asymmetry about zero, and therefore linearized approximations will perform differently, depending on the sign of the perturbation. Based on the low, frequency (Rayleigh) approximation, we introduce and evaluate a pair of approximations (Mie) derived by numerical and analytical integration of the Rayleigh approximation. Both approximations are based on the underlying principle of subdividing the inhomogeneities into a number of small noninteracting parts and subsequent integration over the total volume, thus increasing the Rayleigh limit and producing better resolution of the parameter estimates during the inversion. The two Mie approximations, when evaluated as a function of scattering angle and distance, produce similar results in the mid and far-field of the inhomogeneity and reveal better resolution than the Rayleigh approximation. For three anomalies of +/- 50% in bulk modulus, shear modulus, and density, the relative error between the exact solution and the two Mie approximations remains below 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, for values of k(p)R less than or equal to 3.0, where R is the radius of the heterogeneity. However, smaller errors for individual cases are found for values up to k(p)R approximate to 4.5. The performance of the inversion based on the analytically and the numerically integrated Mie approximation is tested for single parameter perturbations, revealing reliable and stable inversion results for the bulk and the shear modulus, reasonable results for the density, and crosstalk between the shear modulus and the density. The results show well-defined locations of the anomalies and slight deviations in the estimates of their magnitudes, which can be explained by amplitude and phase deviations between the analytical solution used for forward modeling and the approximations used for the inversion. The analytical Mie approximation provides a fast means to estimate elastic parameters compared to the more time consuming numerically integrated approximation, while the latter can be applied to more arbitrarily shaped inhomogeneities. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Seismol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Seismol Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Monash Univ, Dept Math, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. RP Gritto, R (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Computat Seismol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 156 IS 4 BP 557 EP 589 DI 10.1007/s000240050313 PG 33 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 270BY UT WOS:000084516600001 ER PT J AU Stein, S AF Stein, S TI A recipe for well-done procedures - Seven steps that help reduce time, costs and confusion SO QUALITY PROGRESS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stein, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC QUALITY CONTROL-ASQC PI MILWAUKEE PA ASQC MEMBERSHIP MANAGER 611 E. WISCONSIN AVENUE, MILWAUKEE, WI 53202 USA SN 0033-524X J9 QUAL PROG JI Qual. Prog. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 32 IS 11 BP 136 EP 136 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA 253QV UT WOS:000083568000030 ER PT J AU Smith, GR Herbein, WC Morris, RC AF Smith, GR Herbein, WC Morris, RC TI Front-end innovation at alliedsignal and alcoa SO RESEARCH-TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fall Meeting of the Industrial-Research-Institute CY OCT, 1998 CL CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA SP Ind Res Inst AB Heightened expectations for growth from internal technology suggest a requirement to improve the productivity of the "fuzzy front-end" of the innovation process. Its description as an organizational process should mesh with that of product development, as characterized by "stage-gate" concurrent engineering. With this in mind a "Front-End Innovation Process" (FEIP) was established, first at AlliedSignal and later at Alcoa. Both processes were designed to meet business objectives and be able to drive "game-changing," technology-based, breakthrough opportunities. Both were based on a "fast-failure" model, derived from lean manufacturing thinking Based on the experience at Alcoa and AlliedSignal, it is concluded that the integration of customer needs, future market directions, and technology evolution, with a formal idea generation process like FEIP, is achievable and increasingly necessary. C1 Strateg Ind Res Fdn, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. ALCOA, Prod Design & Dev Shared Technol Platform, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Smith, GR (reprint author), Strateg Ind Res Fdn, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 22 PU INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH INST INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1550 M ST., NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0895-6308 J9 RES TECHNOL MANAGE JI Res.-Technol. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 42 IS 6 BP 15 EP 24 PG 10 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 252WH UT WOS:000083524900006 ER PT J AU Shinohara, K Nazikian, R Fujita, T Yoshino, R AF Shinohara, K Nazikian, R Fujita, T Yoshino, R TI Core correlation reflectometer at the JT-60U tokamak SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; NEGATIVE CENTRAL SHEAR; TRANSPORT BARRIER; MICROWAVE REFLECTOMETRY; IMPROVED CONFINEMENT; DISCHARGES; PLASMAS; FLUCTUATIONS; REGIME; MODE AB Core correlation reflectometer has been newly installed on the JT-60U tokamak. The target of this reflectometer is to measure the fluctuation of the electron density and its correlation in the core region, especially in the internal transport barrier, region of high-performance-reversed shear plasma. The reflectometer consists of four channels, two of which operate in fixed frequency and the other two channels are tunable. The tunable channels can step through five frequencies in each 60 ms. The fluctuation correlation is determined from the correlation between fixed and variable frequency channels and the radial profile of the correlations can be measured every 60 ms in a discharge. The polarization of the launched wave is the extraordinary mode, X mode, in order to obtain a high space resolution and to access the high-field side of the magnetic axis. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(99)04511-6]. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Shinohara, K (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 3110193, Japan. NR 22 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 70 IS 11 BP 4246 EP 4250 DI 10.1063/1.1150061 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 251NQ UT WOS:000083452100019 ER PT J AU Avrekh, M Thibadeau, BM Monteiro, OR Brown, IG AF Avrekh, M Thibadeau, BM Monteiro, OR Brown, IG TI Transparent, conducting, metallic thin films SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; DEPOSITION; COATINGS; CARBIDE; CARBON; MODEL AB Metallic films that are sufficiently thin compared to the wavelength of light can be optically transparent, and if the film is continuous and without too many disconnected regions (islands), then the electrical resistivity of the film can remain usefully low as well. That is, surface films that are both electrically conducting and optically transparent can be formed if the film is continuous on the nanoscale over macroscopic distances. We have used a filtered vacuum arc plasma deposition technique to form high quality platinum thin films of thickness of the order of several hundred angstroms, on glass substrates, with optical transparency of order 50%, and with sheet resistance of order 10 Ohm per square. The films could have application to a number of fields of research and technology. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(99)01011-4]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 70 IS 11 BP 4328 EP 4330 DI 10.1063/1.1150075 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 251NQ UT WOS:000083452100034 ER PT J AU Zhang, T Tang, BY Zeng, ZM Kwok, TK Chu, PK Monteiro, OR Brown, IG AF Zhang, T Tang, BY Zeng, ZM Kwok, TK Chu, PK Monteiro, OR Brown, IG TI Pure high dose metal ion implantation using the plasma immersion technique SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE MODIFICATION; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; PROGRAM AB High energy implantation of metal ions can be carried out using conventional ion implantation with a mass-selected ion beam in scanned-spot mode by employing a broad-beam approach such as with a vacuum arc ion source, or by utilizing plasma immersion ion implantation with a metal plasma. For many high dose applications, the use of plasma immersion techniques offers a high-rate process, but the formation of a surface film along with the subsurface implanted layer is sometimes a severe or even fatal detriment. We describe here an operating mode of the metal plasma immersion approach by which pure implantation can be obtained. We have demonstrated the technique by carrying out Ti and Ta implantations at energies of about 80 and 120 keV for Ti and Ta, respectively, and doses on the order of 1 x 10(17) ions/cm(2). Our experiments show that virtually pure implantation without simultaneous surface deposition can be accomplished. Using proper synchronization of the metal arc and sample voltage pulse, the applied dose that deposits as a film versus the part that is energetically implanted (the deposition-to-implantation ratio) can be precisely controlled. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(99)03911-8]. C1 City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Peoples R China. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Peoples R China. EM paul.chu@cityu.edu.hk RI Chu, Paul/B-5923-2013 OI Chu, Paul/0000-0002-5581-4883 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 70 IS 11 BP 4359 EP 4361 DI 10.1063/1.1150094 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 251NQ UT WOS:000083452100039 ER PT J AU Bar-Yosef, B Rogers, RD Wolfram, JH Richman, E AF Bar-Yosef, B Rogers, RD Wolfram, JH Richman, E TI Pseudomonas cepacia-mediated rock phosphate solubilization in kaolinite and montmorillonite suspensions SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHORUS ADSORPTION; CALCIUM; SOIL; MICROORGANISMS; DISSOLUTION; BACTERIA; YIELD; WHEAT; PH AB Pseudomonas cepacia is known as a reek phosphate (RP) solubilizer in bioreactors and in soils. The objectives of this study were to determine the production rates of gluconic acid (GA, pK(d) 3.41) and 2-ketogluconic acid (KGA, pK(d) 2.66) by the bacteria in the presence of clay minerals which prevail in soils, and the resulting rate and extent of orthophosphate (OP) release into the suspension solutions. Suspensions (1:40) of RP, RP + Ca-kaolinite (CaKL), RP + Ca- montmorillonite (CaMT), and RP + K-montmorillonite (KMT) were inoculated with P. cepacia E37. The electrical conductivity (EC) and pH, and the OF, glucose, GA, KGA, Ca, and Al concentrations were determined in the suspension solutions as functions of time. In a given clay system, the rate-limiting step in RP dissolution was the rate of GA release by the E37, This acid lowered the pH of all the clay suspensions to 2.7 to 2.8, which resulted in a pronounced increase in the OP concentration in solution, Cp, As glucose was depleted from the system, the KGA concentration increased with a concomitant lowering in pH to approximate to 2.5, At this pH, a sharp decline in Cp occurred, which Has attributed to Al release by the alumosilicates, and formation of a new, stable AI-P or Fe-P solid phase, The E37 glucose oxidation efficiency (GOE) was considerably inhibited in CaKL as compared with CaMT or KMT. The GA and KGA adsorption by the clays or their Ca complexation did not play a role in the E37-mediated RP solubilization. C1 Agr Res Org, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Biotechnol Unit, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Bar-Yosef, B (reprint author), Agr Res Org, Inst Soil Water & Environm Sci, IL-50250 Bet Dagan, Israel. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 63 IS 6 BP 1703 EP 1708 PG 6 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 287QT UT WOS:000085517800029 ER PT J AU Reid, KD Wilcox, BP Breshears, DD MacDonald, L AF Reid, KD Wilcox, BP Breshears, DD MacDonald, L TI Runoff and erosion in a pinon-juniper woodland: Influence of vegetation patches SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SEMIARID WOODLAND; SPATIAL PATTERN; SOIL-MOISTURE; NEW-MEXICO; INFILTRATION; RAINFALL; AUSTRALIA; DYNAMICS; DESERT; MODEL AB In many semiarid regions, runoff and erosion differ according to vegetation patch type. These differences, although hypothesized to fundamentally affect ecological processes, have been poorly quantified. In a semiarid pinon-juniper woodland [Pinus edulis Engelm, and Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg.] in northern New Mexico, He measured runoff and erosion from the three patch types that compose these woodlands: Canopy patches (those beneath woody plants), vegetated patches in intercanopy areas, and bare patches in intercanopy areas. The bare intercanopy patches exhibited the highest rates, followed by vegetated intercanopy patches and then by canopy patches. Large convective summer storms, though relatively infrequent, generated much of the runoff and most of the sediment; prolonged frontal storms were capable of generating considerable runoff but little sediment. A portion of the runoff and most of the sediment generated from bare intercanopy patches was redistributed down-slope, probably to adjacent vegetated intercanopy patches, demonstrating connectivity between these two patch types. Our results indicate that there are significant and important differences in runoff and sediment production from the three patch types; that bare intercanopy patches act as sources of both water and sediment for the vegetated intercanopy patches; and that the transfer of water and sediment at small scales is both frequent enough and substantial enough to be considered ecologically significant. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Earth Resources, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Inter Amer Inst Global Change Res, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. RP Breshears, DD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci Grp, MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM daveb@lanl.gov RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 52 TC 135 Z9 142 U1 3 U2 19 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 63 IS 6 BP 1869 EP 1879 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 287QT UT WOS:000085517800052 ER PT J AU Ozer, N Cronin, JP Yao, YJ Tomsia, AP AF Ozer, N Cronin, JP Yao, YJ Tomsia, AP TI Optical properties of sol-gel deposited Al2O3 films SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE Al2O3; sol-gel deposition; scanning spectrophotometer; optical properties; corrosion resistance ID MICROSTRUCTURE; CORROSION; COATINGS; ALUMINUM AB Highly transparent, uniform and corrosion resistant Al2O3 films were prepared on stainless-steel and quartz substrates by the sol-gel process from stable coating solutions using aluminum-sec-butoxide, Al(OBu5)(3) as precursor, acetylacetone, AcAcH as chelating agent and nitric acid, HNO3, as catalyzer. Films up to 1000 nm thick were prepared by multiple spin coating deposition, and were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical spectroscopy and micro Vickers hardness test. XRD of the film heat treated at 400 degrees C showed that they had an amorphous structure. XPS confirmed that they were stoichiometric Al2O3. The refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) were found to be n = 1.56 +/- 0.01 and k = 0.003 +/- 0.0002 at 600 nm, respectively. The surface microhardness and corrosion resistance investigations showed that Al2O3 films improved the surface properties of stainless-steel substrates. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Istanbul, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, TR-34459 Istanbul, Turkey. Donnelly Corp, Ctr Adv Technol, Tucson, AZ 85712 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ozer, N (reprint author), Univ Istanbul, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, TR-34459 Istanbul, Turkey. NR 20 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD NOV PY 1999 VL 59 IS 4 BP 355 EP 366 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(99)00054-9 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 244WG UT WOS:000083073300006 ER PT J AU del Cueto, JA AF del Cueto, JA TI Method for analyzing series resistance and diode quality factors from field data Part II: Applications to crystalline silicon SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE photovoltaic modules; series resistance; diode quality factor ID MODULES AB The method described in a prior journal publication [1] is applied to the determination of module series resistance and diode quality factors for several crystalline silicon (c-Si) technology photovoltaic (PV) modules. This method makes use of the functional dependence of the slope of the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics at open circuit (R-oc) against the reciprocal of the short-circuit current density (J(sc)), from multiple I-V curves taken under variable illumination. It is shown that calculations of the series resistance for six modules yield values in the range 1.0-1.6 Omega-cm(2), expressed in unit-cell area terms. The derived values for the series resistance (R-s) determined from the data are investigated for their effect on the module fill factor (FF) values and their dependence at higher light intensity levels. The diode quality factors also derived from the same data are shown to be somewhat larger than those obtained from the more canonical method - slope of the fit of the open-circuit voltage (V-oc) versus logarithm of J(sc). The differences between the two methods are explored within a two-diode model for c-Si. Deriving average values of diode quality factors for series-connected cells using either method is shown to exhibit problematic issues. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP del Cueto, JA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, M-S 3411,1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD NOV PY 1999 VL 59 IS 4 BP 393 EP 405 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(99)00067-7 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 244WG UT WOS:000083073300010 ER PT J AU Gabuda, SP Kozlova, SG Terskikh, VV Dybowski, C Neue, G Perry, DL AF Gabuda, SP Kozlova, SG Terskikh, VV Dybowski, C Neue, G Perry, DL TI Pb-207 NMR of minium, Pb3O4: evidence for the [Pb-2](4+) ion and possible relativistic effects in the Pb-Pb bond SO SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE Pb-207; NMR; Pb3O4 AB Solid Pb3O4 has been studied with Pb-207 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The Pb-207 NMR chemical-shift tensor of the Pb2+ site has principal values of delta(11) = 1980 +/- 5 ppm, delta(22) = 1540 +/- 5 ppm, and delta(33) = -1108 +/- 10 ppm; delta(iso) = 804 +/- 10 ppm. The chemical-shift tensor of the Pb4+ site is axial, with principal values delta(11) = -1009 +/- 3 ppm and delta(perpendicular to) = 1132 +/- 3 ppm; delta(iso) = -1091 +/- 3 ppm. The Pb4+-Pb2+ scalar coupling constant J(Pb-Pb) = 2.3 +/- 0.1 kHz. The main contribution to the Pb2+ chemical-shift anisotropy is proposed to arise from an exchange interaction in the Pb2+-Pb2+ pairs, conventionally regarded as molecular [Pb-2](4+) ions. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Inst Inorgan Chem, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Boreskov Inst Catalysis, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Dortmund, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dybowski, C (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-2040 J9 SOLID STATE NUCL MAG JI Solid State Nucl. Magn. Reson. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 15 IS 2 BP 103 EP 107 DI 10.1016/S0926-2040(99)00038-7 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Spectroscopy GA 269HK UT WOS:000084470500005 PM 10670902 ER PT J AU Ferraro, JR Van Valkenburg, E AF Ferraro, JR Van Valkenburg, E TI Origins of the diamond anvil cell: The versatile sampling accessory marks its 40th year SO SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-PRESSURE; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; TEMPERATURE AB The diamond anvil cell (DAC), which celebrates its 40th birthday this year, has proven to be a very valuable accessory to x-ray spectroscopy and high-pressure studies. The contributions of the cell have served the scientific community of spectroscopists, analytical chemists, forensic scientists, geochemists, and geophysicists very well, Significant research has been accomplished that was not previously possible. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. High Pressure Diamond Opt, Tucson, AZ 85704 USA. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS PI DULUTH PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 USA SN 0887-6703 J9 SPECTROSCOPY JI Spectroscopy PD NOV PY 1999 VL 14 IS 11 BP 19 EP 23 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 261FD UT WOS:000083997900004 ER PT J AU Leyens, C Schulz, U Pint, BA Wright, IG AF Leyens, C Schulz, U Pint, BA Wright, IG TI Influence of electron beam physical vapor deposited thermal barrier coating microstructure on thermal barrier coating system performance under cyclic oxidation conditions SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Metallurgical Coating and Thin Films CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Div Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Metallurgy & Thin Films DE cyclic oxidation; failure mechanisms; nickel-base superalloys; thermal barrier coatings ID OXIDE SCALES; AIRCRAFT ENGINES; TBC EXPERIENCE; GAS-TURBINES; SEGREGATION; BEHAVIOR; STRESS; SULFUR AB The lifetimes of electron beam physical vapor deposited (EB-PVD) thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems with three different microstructures of the Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) ceramic top layer were investigated in 1 h thermal cycles at 1100 and 1150 degrees C in flowing oxygen. Single crystal alloys CMSX-4 and Rene N5 that had been coated with an EB-PVD NiCoCrA1Y bond coat were chosen as substrate materials. At 1150 degrees C all samples failed after 80-100 1 h cycles, predominantly at the bond coat-alumina interface after cooling down from test temperature. The alumina scale remained adherent to the YSZ after spallation. Despite the different YSZ microstructures, no clear tendency regarding differences in spallation behavior were observed at 1150 degrees C. At 1100 degrees C the minimum lifetime was 750 1 h cycles for CMSX-4, whereas the first Rene N5 specimen failed after 1750 1 h cycles. The longest TBC lifetime on CMSX-4 substrates was 1250 1 h cycles, a whereas the respective Rene N5 specimens have not yet failed after 2300 1 h cycles. The failure mode at 1100 degrees C was identical to that at 1150 degrees C, i.e. the TBC spalled off the surface exposing bare metal after cooling. Even though not all specimens have failed to date, the available results at 1100 degrees C suggested that both the substrate alloy chemistry and the YSZ microstructure significantly affect the spallation resistance of the TBC. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 DLR German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Mat Res, D-51140 Cologne, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leyens, C (reprint author), DLR German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Mat Res, D-51140 Cologne, Germany. EM christoph.leyens@dlr.de RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 26 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 120 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00343-6 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 262ED UT WOS:000084051900011 ER PT J AU Meng, WJ Curtis, TJ Rehn, LE Baldo, PM AF Meng, WJ Curtis, TJ Rehn, LE Baldo, PM TI Temperature dependence of inductively coupled plasma assisted growth of TiN thin films SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Metallurgical Coating and Thin Films CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Div Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Metallurgy & Thin Films DE inductively coupled plasma; low temperature growth; TiN ID EV ION IRRADIATION; SPUTTER-DEPOSITION; ALUMINUM NITRIDE; VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MICROSTRUCTURE; ALLOYS; SUPERLATTICES; SI(111); FLUX AB The use of low pressure high density plasmas to assist the synthesis of ceramic thin film materials is in its infancy. Using an inductively coupled plasma assisted magnetron sputtering system, we examine the dependence of plasma-assisted growth of TiN thin films on growth temperature at different ratios of ion flux to neutral atom flux. Our results indicate that a temperature independent densification of TiN films occurs above a certain ion to neutral atom flux ratio. As an example of this temperature independent densification. we demonstrate the formation of dense B1 TiN crystalline thin films at growth temperatures down to similar to 100 K. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Meng, WJ (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Baton Rouge, LA USA. EM wmeng@me.lsu.edu NR 19 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 120 BP 206 EP 212 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00457-0 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 262ED UT WOS:000084051900032 ER PT J AU Probst, KJ Besmann, TM Stinton, DP Lowden, RA Anderson, TJ Starr, TL AF Probst, KJ Besmann, TM Stinton, DP Lowden, RA Anderson, TJ Starr, TL TI Recent advances in forced-flow, thermal-gradient CVI for refractory composites SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Metallurgical Coating and Thin Films CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE chemical vapor infiltration; continuous fiber ceramic composites; CVI; FCVI; forced-flow/thermal-gradient technique; refractory composites; silicon carbide ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR INFILTRATION; DEPOSITION AB Chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) is simply chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on the internal surfaces of a porous preform and has been used to produce a variety of developmental and application materials. The greatest use of CVI is to infiltrate continuous-filament preforms taking advantage of the relatively low-stress CVD process. In CVI, reactants are introduced in the porous preform via either diffusion or forced convection and the CVD precursors deposit the appropriate phase(s). As infiltration proceeds, the deposit on the internal surfaces becomes thicker. Thus, after some length of time, the growing surfaces meet bonding the preform and fill much of the free volume with deposited matrix. The forced-flow/thermal-gradient technique (FCVI) developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory overcomes the problems of slow diffusion and restricted permeability, and has demonstrated a capability to produce thick-walled, simple-shaped, SiC-matrix components in times of the order of hours. A model has been developed for the process that predicts flow, thermal and density profiles as a function of time. The results have been compared with an initial set of experiments and indicate qualitative agreement. It is expected that improved property relationships, such as permeability and thermal conductivity as a function of density, will allow the model to closely represent the FCVI process and be useful in fabrication and product optimization. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. Ail rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Chem Engn, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. RP Besmann, TM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM tmb@ornl.gov NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 120 BP 250 EP 258 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00459-4 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 262ED UT WOS:000084051900039 ER PT J AU Anders, A AF Anders, A TI Approaches to rid cathodic arc plasmas of macro- and nanoparticles: a review SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Metallurgical Coating and Thin Films CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE arc evaporation; direct current (d.c.); filtered arc; PAPVD; pulsed ID ANODIC VACUUM-ARC; CURVED MAGNETIC FILTERS; MACROPARTICLE FILTERS; GRAPHITE CATHODES; THIN-FILMS; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; ION; COATINGS; DUCTS AB A major obstacle for the broad application of cathodic are plasma deposition is the presence of micro- and nanoparticles in the plasma, also often referred to as 'macroparticles'. This paper reviews the formation of macroparticles at cathode spots, their interaction with the are plasma and substrate, and macroparticle separation and removal from the plasma by various filtering methods. Nineteen variants of filters are discussed, including Aksenov's classic 90 degrees-duct filter, filters of open architecture, and the concept of stroboscopic filtering. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anders, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 53, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM aanders@lbl.gov RI Anders, Andre/B-8580-2009 OI Anders, Andre/0000-0002-5313-6505 NR 77 TC 146 Z9 153 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 120 BP 319 EP 330 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00460-0 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 262ED UT WOS:000084051900049 ER PT J AU Erdemir, A Fenske, GR Krauss, AR Gruen, DM McCauley, T Csencsits, RT AF Erdemir, A Fenske, GR Krauss, AR Gruen, DM McCauley, T Csencsits, RT TI Tribological properties of nanocrystalline diamond films SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Metallurgical Coating and Thin Films CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Div Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Metallurgy & Thin Films DE diamond films; friction; tribology; wear ID MICROWAVE PLASMAS; WEAR PROPERTIES; GROWTH; FRICTION; SURFACE; COATINGS; BEHAVIOR AB In this paper, we present the friction and wear properties of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films grown in Ar-fullerene (C-60) and Ar-CH4 microwave plasmas. Specifically, we will address the fundamental tribological issues posed by these films during sliding against Si3N4 counterfaces in ambient air and inert gases. Grain sizes of the films grown by the new method are very small (10-30 nm) and are much smoother (20-40 nm, root mean square) than those of films grown by the conventional H-2-CH4 microwave-assisted chemical vapor deposition process. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the grain boundaries of these films are very sharp and free of nondiamond phases. The microcrystalline diamond films grown by most conventional methods consist of large grains and a rough surface finish, which can cause severe abrasion during sliding against other materials. The friction coefficients of films grown by the new method (i.e. in Ar-C-60 and Ar-CH4 plasmas) are comparable with those of natural diamond, and wear damage on counterface materials is minimal. Fundamental tribological studies indicate that these films may undergo phase transformation during long-duration, high-speed and/or high-load sliding tests and that the transformation products trapped at the sliding interfaces call intermittently dominate friction and wear performance. Using results from a combination of TEM, electron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy, we describe the structural chemistry of the debris particles trapped at the sliding interfaces and elucidate their possible effects on friction and wear of NCD films in dry N-2. Finally, we suggest a few potential applications in which NCD films can improve performance and service lives. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Erdemir, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM erdemir@anl.gov NR 38 TC 117 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 120 BP 565 EP 572 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00443-0 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 262ED UT WOS:000084051900088 ER PT J AU Erdemir, A Nilufer, IB Eryilmaz, OL Beschliesser, M Fenske, GR AF Erdemir, A Nilufer, IB Eryilmaz, OL Beschliesser, M Fenske, GR TI Friction and wear performance of diamond-like carbon films grown in various source gas plasmas SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Metallurgical Coating and Thin Films CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE diamond-like carbon; friction; source-gas chemistry; wear ID TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; COATINGS; BEHAVIOR; HYDROGEN AB In this study, we investigated the effects of various source gases (methane, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene) on the friction and wear performance of diamond-like carbon (DLC) films prepared in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system. Films were deposited on AISI H13 steel substrates and tested in a pin-on-disk machine against DLC-coated M50 balls in dry nitrogen. We found a close correlation between friction coefficient and source gas composition. Specifically, films grown in source gases with higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratios exhibited lower friction coefficients and a higher wear resistance than films grown in source gases with lower hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) ratios. The lowest friction coefficient (0.014) was achieved with a film derived from methane with an H/C ratio of 4, whereas the coefficient of films derived from acetylene (HC = 1) was 0.15. Similar correlations were observed for wear rates. Specifically, films derived from gases with lower H/C values were worn out, and the substrate material was exposed, whereas films from methane and ethane remained intact and wore at rates that were almost two orders of magnitude lower than films obtained from acetylene. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM erdemir@anl.gov NR 38 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 120 BP 589 EP 593 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00444-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 262ED UT WOS:000084051900092 ER PT J AU Ynzunza, RX Tober, ED Palomares, FJ Wang, Z Daimon, H Kaduwela, AP Chen, Y Hussain, Z Van Hove, MA Fadley, CS AF Ynzunza, RX Tober, ED Palomares, FJ Wang, Z Daimon, H Kaduwela, AP Chen, Y Hussain, Z Van Hove, MA Fadley, CS TI Full solid angle photoelectron diffraction from bulk and surface atoms of clean W(110) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE electron-solid interactions, scattering, diffraction; low index single crystal surfaces; photoelectron diffraction; surface relaxation and reconstruction; synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy; tungsten ID LEVEL BINDING-ENERGY; 4F CORE LEVELS; ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; SCATTERING; SHIFTS; LEED; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; RECONSTRUCTION; TI(0001); METALS AB We have determined the structure of the clean W(110) surface from full solid angle site-resolved photoelectron diffraction. The large data set required was obtained with high brightness third generation synchrotron radiation from the Advanced Light Source. The diffraction pattern from the surface component in W 4f(7/2), excited at a low kinetic energy of approximately 40 eV, was analyzed through multiple scattering diffraction theory and R-factors, in part as a test case for such high resolution, low energy photoelectron diffraction structure determinations. The angular dependence of the surface/bulk intensity ratio also permitted estimation of the electron inelastic attenuation length at 2-4 Angstrom. We conclude that the surface layer has a slight outward relaxation of 0.10 Angstrom, or about 4.5% of the first interlayer separation, in general agreement with prior studies. The influence of various non-structural input parameters on the analysis is also discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Ynzunza, RX (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Van Hove, Michel/A-9862-2008; Palomares, Francisco Javier/C-4605-2011; OI Van Hove, Michel/0000-0002-8898-6921; Palomares, Francisco Javier/0000-0002-4768-2219; Kaduwela, Ajith/0000-0002-7236-2698 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD NOV 1 PY 1999 VL 441 IS 2-3 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(99)00788-8 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 253RW UT WOS:000083570400012 ER PT J AU Chen, XY Ji, M Fisher, DR Wai, CM AF Chen, XY Ji, M Fisher, DR Wai, CM TI Monofunctionalization of calix[4]arene tetracarboxylic acid at the upper rim with isothiocyanate group: First bifunctional chelating agent for alpha-emitter Ac-225 SO SYNLETT LA English DT Article DE actinium-225; bifunctional chelating agents; calixarenes; isothiocyanate ID RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; COMPLEXES AB A procedure is reported for synthesizing a novel, water-soluble bifunctional chelating agent derived from calix[4]arene. This chelate features tetracarboxylic acid groups at the lower rim as an actinium-225 ionophore, and an isothiocyanate functional group at the upper rim for labeling of the N-terminus of monoclonal antibodies through thiourea linkage. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. PNNL, Hanford Radioisotopes & Med Sci Program, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wai, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R21 EB001785-02] NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 30 11 20, D-70451 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0936-5214 J9 SYNLETT JI Synlett PD NOV PY 1999 IS 11 BP 1784 EP 1786 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 261XY UT WOS:000084037100023 PM 20651937 ER PT J AU Johnson, VE Fitzgerald, M Martz, HF AF Johnson, VE Fitzgerald, M Martz, HF TI Estimating fatigue curves with the random fatigue-limit model - Discussion SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Duke Univ, Inst Stat & Decis Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp Stat Sci TSA1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Johnson, VE (reprint author), Duke Univ, Inst Stat & Decis Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0040-1706 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD NOV PY 1999 VL 41 IS 4 BP 294 EP 296 PG 3 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 247KK UT WOS:000083219800004 ER PT J AU Martz, HF Parker, RL Rasmuson, DM AF Martz, HF Parker, RL Rasmuson, DM TI Estimation of trends in the scram rate at nuclear power plants SO TECHNOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE data smoothing; gamma prior distribution; hierarchical Bayes; parametric empirical Bayes; Poisson sampling; reliability; scram rate estimation; shrinkage ID EMERGENCY DIESEL GENERATORS; BAYES ESTIMATION; MODEL; RELIABILITY; RANKING AB An important task of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission is to examine annual operating data from the nation's population of nuclear power plants for trends over time. We are interested here in trends in the scram rate at 66 commercial nuclear power plants based on annual observed scram data from 1984-1993. For an assumed Poisson distribution on the number of unplanned scrams, a gamma prior, and an appropriate hyperprior, a parametric empirical Bayes (PEB) approximation to a full hierarchical Bayes formulation is used to estimate the scram rate for each plant for each year. The FEB-estimated prior and posterior distributions are then subsequently smoothed over time using an exponentially weighted moving average. The results indicate that such bidirectional shrinkage is quite useful for identifying reliability trends over time. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Intel Corp, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. US Nucl Regulatory Commiss, Off Nucl Regulatory Res, Washington, DC 20555 USA. RP Martz, HF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0040-1706 J9 TECHNOMETRICS JI Technometrics PD NOV PY 1999 VL 41 IS 4 BP 352 EP 364 DI 10.2307/1271351 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 247KK UT WOS:000083219800010 ER PT J AU Liu, C Erdmann, J Macrander, A AF Liu, C Erdmann, J Macrander, A TI In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry as a surface-sensitive tool to probe thin film growth SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Metallurgical Coating and Thin Films CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Div Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Metallurgy & Thin Films DE spectroscopic ellipsometry; sputter deposition; thin films; growth mode ID THICKNESS AB Sputtered thin film and multilayer X-ray mirrors are made routinely at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) for APS users. Precise film growth control and characterization are critical in fabricating high-quality X-ray mirrors. Film thickness calibrations were carried out using in situ and ex situ spectroscopic ellipsometry, interferometry, and X-ray scattering. To better understand the growth and optical properties of different thin film systems, we have carried out a systematic study of sputtered thin films of Au, Ph, Pt, Pd, Cu, and Cr grown on Si substrates, using in situ ellipsometry. Multiple data sets were obtained in situ for each film material with incremental thicknesses and were analyzed using both Bat-film and rough-film models. We found that the initial growth of these metal films on Si is correlated with their chemical bond strength with oxygen in the native oxide of Si. Metals with higher bond strength (such as Cr) grow smoother at the early stage of growth and have a better adhesion to the Si wafer. The Cr him becomes rougher as its thickness increases. Au and Rh films grow smoothly on a thin (6-nm) Cr-covered Si wafer. But on a thick (100-nm) Cr/Si film, Ph films were initially as rough as the thick Cr film. The roughness decreases as the Ph film thickness increases. When Cr is used as a 'glue' layer in metal on oxide systems, it is better to use a thin (< 10 nm) Cr film in order to obtain a smooth metal film. We conclude that in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry as a surface-sensitive tool can also be used to probe the growth and morphology of the thin film system. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, C (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM cliu@aps.anl.gov NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV PY 1999 VL 355 BP 41 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(99)00441-1 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 269WP UT WOS:000084500800008 ER PT J AU He, XM Walter, KC Nastasi, M Lee, ST Sun, XS AF He, XM Walter, KC Nastasi, M Lee, ST Sun, XS TI Optical and tribological properties of diamond-like carbon films synthesized by plasma immersion ion processing SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Metallurgical Coating and Thin Films CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Div Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Metallurgy & Thin Films DE plasma immersion ion processing; diamond-like carbon; optical propertities; wear resistance ID LAYERS AB Hard diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been prepared on PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), glass, and Si(100) substrates using C2H2-Ar plasma immersion ion processing (PIIP). The composition, structure, and properties of the films were investigated with regard to variation of the deposition parameters. It was found that the modulation of reactive nas composition during FLIP could enhance the formation of DLC films with an increased sp(3) bonding structure, improved surface smoothness, high density and high hardness. An optimal combination of good optical properties and high hardness was highly dependent on the control of hydrogen content in the DLC films. Tribological tests showed that DLC-coated glass and PMMA samples exhibited a reduced friction coefficient and enhanced wear resistance relative to uncoated glass and PMMA materials. The effects of ion energy and gas composition during PIIP deposition on the formation of optically transparent and wear resistant DLC films are discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys Mat Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong. RP He, XM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM xmhe@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV PY 1999 VL 355 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(99)00652-5 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 269WP UT WOS:000084500800029 ER PT J AU Jankowski, A Hayes, J Morse, J Ferreira, J AF Jankowski, A Hayes, J Morse, J Ferreira, J TI Large area deposition of field emission cathodes for flat panel displays SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Metallurgical Coating and Thin Films CY APR 12-15, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Div Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Metallurgy & Thin Films DE large area deposition; field emission cathodes; flat panel displays ID SPUTTER-DEPOSITION; EMITTER ARRAYS; FABRICATION; CONES AB Conventional emitter deposition for a Spindt-type field emission cathode (FEC) requires a very high tolerance in thickness uniformity using a planetary substrate fixture and a large source-to-substrate separation. Advanced FECs achieve a reduction in pixel switching voltage by reducing emitter and gate aperture sizes while maintaining current density by increasing the density of emitters. Furthermore, advanced FECs seek to scale substrate size from small areas (<30 cm(2)) to large (>500 cm(2)) areas, compounding manufacturing to the conventional FEC deposition process. A patented approach to design, assemble, and operate a coating system enables deposition of small dimension emitters over large areas through control of source divergence and sample positioning. (C) 1999 Elsevier science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jankowski, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV PY 1999 VL 355 BP 194 EP 198 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(99)00515-5 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 269WP UT WOS:000084500800034 ER PT J AU Gutierrez, RA MacIntosh, GC Green, PJ AF Gutierrez, RA MacIntosh, GC Green, PJ TI Current perspectives on mRNA stability in plants: multiple levels and mechanisms of control SO TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID MESSENGER-RNA STABILITY; 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGION; BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; TRANSGENIC PLANTS; DECAPPING ENZYME; DEGRADATION; TOBACCO; YEAST AB The control of mRNA stability plays a fundamental role in the regulation of gene expression in plants and other eukaryotes. This control can be influenced by the basal mRNA decay machinery, sequence-specific decay components, and regulatory factors that respond to various stimuli. Important progress has been made towards the identification of some of these elements over the past several years. This is true particularly with respect to cia-acting sequences that control mRNA stability, the identification of which has been the focus of much of the initial work in the field. Characterization of mRNA fragments associated with post-transcriptional gene silencing and two plant transcripts that give rise to detectable decay intermediates have provided insight into the mRNA decay pathways. These, and other studies, are indicative of similarities, as well as of interesting differences between mRNA decay mechanisms in plants and yeast - the system that has been used for most of the pioneering work. Future studies in this area, particularly when enhanced by emerging genetic and genomic approaches, have tremendous potential to provide additional knowledge that is unique to plants or of broad significance. C1 Michigan State Univ, US DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Green, PJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, US DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Gutierrez, Rodrigo/C-2611-2008; OI MacIntosh, Gustavo/0000-0003-1350-1229 NR 67 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1360-1385 J9 TRENDS PLANT SCI JI Trends Plant Sci. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 4 IS 11 BP 429 EP 438 DI 10.1016/S1360-1385(99)01484-3 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 252CC UT WOS:000083482300004 ER PT J AU Moore, KT Howe, JM Veblen, DR Murray, TM Stach, EA AF Moore, KT Howe, JM Veblen, DR Murray, TM Stach, EA TI Analysis of electron intensity as a function of aperture size in energy-filtered transmission electron microscope imaging SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); energy-filtered imaging (EFI); electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS); signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); signal-to-background ratio (SBR); aperture ID ELEMENTAL DISTRIBUTION IMAGES; LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; DETECTION LIMITS; TEM; CONTRAST; SPECIMENS; SOLIDS; PHASES AB The dependence of electron intensity on condenser and objective aperture size in energy-filtered transmission electron microscope imaging was investigated using high-purity silicon. Results show that a reduction in intensity occurs in pre-edge and post-edge images due to a reduction in aperture size and that this effect depends more strongly on the objective aperture size (collection angle) than on the condenser aperture size. This reduction in intensity due to the use of a smaller objective aperture causes the signal in elemental maps of the Si L-2,L-3 edge to decrease. However, although the signal decreases in both the pre-edge and post-edge images as either the condenser or objective aperture sizes decrease, the ratio of post-edge intensity to pre-edge intensity increases with decreasing objective aperture diameter, causing the value of the jump ratio to increase. This occurs because the effects of plural scattering on the background intensity decrease with objective aperture size and because the intensity reductions in the numerator (post-edge image intensity) and denominator (pre-edge image intensity) are similar, causing their ratio to increase as each decreases. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moore, KT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Stach, Eric/D-8545-2011 OI Stach, Eric/0000-0002-3366-2153 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD NOV PY 1999 VL 80 IS 3 BP 221 EP 236 DI 10.1016/S0304-3991(99)00115-1 PG 16 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 251NY UT WOS:000083452800006 ER PT J AU Miller, DL Bao, SP Gies, RA Thrall, BD AF Miller, DL Bao, SP Gies, RA Thrall, BD TI Ultrasonic enhancement of gene transfection in murine melanoma tumors SO ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE shock wave; B16 melanoma; cavitation; sonoporation; gene therapy; tumor therapy ID LITHOTRIPTER SHOCK-WAVES; IN-VIVO; CELLS; THERAPY; CANCER; DNA; PERMEABILIZATION; INJECTION AB The enhancement of gene transfection by ultrasound (US) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using the B16 mouse melanoma model. Cultured. cells were either exposed in suspensions in vitro or implanted subcutaneously in female C57BL/6 mice for 10-14 days and, subsequently exposed, in vivo, For comparison to results with a luciferase plasmid, a reporter plasmid for green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used to evaluate transfection efficiency. US was supplied by a system, similar to a Dornier HM-3 lithotripter, that produced shock waves (SW) of 24.4 MPa peak positive and 5.2 MPa peak negative pressure amplitudes at the focus. The plasmids were mixed with the suspensions to achieve 20 mu L mL(-1), or were injected intratumorally to provide 0.2 mg DNA per mt of tumor. Acoustic cavitation was promoted by retaining 0.2 mL of air in the 1.2-mL exposure chambers in vitro and by injecting air at 10% of tumor volume in vivo, In vitro, cell counts declined to 5.3% of shams after 800 SW exposure, with 1.4% of the cells expressing GFP after 2 days of culture. In vivo, 2 days after 400 SW exposure, viable-cell recovery from excised tumors was reduced to 4.2% of shams and cell transfection was enhanced by a factor of about 8, reaching 2.5% of cell counts (p < 0.005 in t-test), These results show that strong tumor ablation induced by US shock wave treatment can be coupled with simultaneous enhancement of gene transfection. (C) 1999 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Radiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Washington State Univ, US Trnsuranium & Uranium Registries, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Miller, DL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Radiol, 3315 Kresge 3,200 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI WSU, USTUR/I-1056-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA42947] NR 24 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0301-5629 J9 ULTRASOUND MED BIOL JI Ultrasound Med. Biol. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 25 IS 9 BP 1425 EP 1430 DI 10.1016/S0301-5629(99)00105-2 PG 6 WC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Acoustics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 255UL UT WOS:000083688500012 PM 10626630 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, S Percy, K AF McLaughlin, S Percy, K TI Forest health in North America: Some perspectives on actual and potential roles of climate and air pollution SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th IUFRO Workshop on Air Pollution Stress, Forest Responses to the Pollution Climate of the 21st Century CY SEP 21-23, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP IUFRO DE air quality; physiology; growth; biotic and abiotic interactions ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LOBLOLLY-PINE SEEDLINGS; FOLIAR NUTRIENT STATUS; RED SPRUCE SAPLINGS; SUGAR MAPLE DIEBACK; ABIES L KARST; ACIDIC DEPOSITION; PICEA-ABIES; NITROGEN DEPOSITION; QUEBEC APPALACHIANS AB The perceived health of forest ecosystems over large temporal and spatial scales can be strongly influenced by the frames of reference chosen to evaluate both forest condition and the functional integrity of sustaining forest processes. North American forests are diverse in range, species composition, past disturbance history, and current management practices. Therefore the implications of changes in environmental stress from atmospheric pollution and/or global climate change on health of these forests will vary widely across the landscape. Forest health surveys that focus on the average forest condition may do a credible job of representing the near-term trends in economic value while failing to detect fundamental changes in the processes by which these values are sustained over the longer term. Indications of increased levels of environmental stress on forest growth and nutrient cycles are currently apparent in several forest types in North America. Measurements of forest ecophysiological responses to air pollutants in integrated case studies with four forest types (southern pine, western pine, high elevation red spruce, and northeastern hardwoods) indicate that ambient levels of ozone and/or acidic deposition can alter basic processes of water, carbon, and nutrient allocation by forest trees. These changes then provide a mechanistic basis for pollutant stress to enhance a wider range of natural stresses that also affect and are affected by these resources. Future climatic changes may ameliorate (+ CO2) or axacerbate (+ temperature, + UV-B) these effects. Current projections of forest responses to global climate change do not consider important physiological changes induced by air pollutants that may amplify climatic stresses. These include reduced rooting mass, depth, and function, increased respiration, and reduced water use efficiency. Monitoring and understanding the relative roles of natural and anthropogenic stress in influencing future forest health will require programs that are structured to evaluate responses at appropriate frequencies across gradients in both forest resources and the stresses that influence them. Such programs must also be accompanied by supplemental process -oriented and pattern -oriented investigations that more thoroughly test cause and effect relationships among stresses and responses of both forests and the biogeochemical cycles that sustain them. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Serv, Atlantic Forestry Ctr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. RP McLaughlin, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008,MS 6422, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 266 TC 71 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 24 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 151 EP 197 DI 10.1023/A:1005215112743 PG 47 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 246UL UT WOS:000083182900014 ER PT J AU Karnosky, DF Mankovska, B Percy, K Dickson, RE Podila, GK Sober, J Noormets, A Hendrey, G Coleman, MD Kubiske, M Pregitzer, KS Isebrands, JG AF Karnosky, DF Mankovska, B Percy, K Dickson, RE Podila, GK Sober, J Noormets, A Hendrey, G Coleman, MD Kubiske, M Pregitzer, KS Isebrands, JG TI Effects of tropospheric O-3 on trembling aspen and interaction with CO2: Results from an O-3-gradient and a face experiment SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th IUFRO Workshop on Air Pollution Stress, Forest Responses to the Pollution Climate of the 21st Century CY SEP 21-23, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP IUFRO DE ozone; carbon dioxide; FACE; aspen; greenhouse gases; climate change; gradients ID POPULUS-TREMULOIDES; NATURAL-SELECTION; OZONE TOLERANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; GROWTH; CLONES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SENSITIVITY; PHYSIOLOGY AB Over the years, a series of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones differing in O-3 sensitivity have been identified from OTC studies. Three clones (216 and 271[(O-3 tolerant] and 259 [O-3 sensitive]) have been characterized for O-3 sensitivity by growth and biomass responses, foliar symptoms, gas exchange, chlorophyll content, epicuticular wax characteristics, and antioxidant production. In this study we compared the responses of these same clones exposed to O-3 under field conditions along a natural O-3 gradient and in a Free-Air CO2 and O-3 Enrichment (FACE) facility. In addition, we examined how elevated CO2 affected O-3 symptom development. Visible O-3 symptoms were consistently seen (5 out of 6 years) at two of the three sites along the O-3 gradient and where daily one-hour maximum concentrations were in the range of 96 to 125 ppb. Clonal differences in O-3 sensitivity were consistent with our OTC rankings. Elevated CO2 (200 ppm over ambient and applied during daylight hours during the growing season) reduced visible foliar symptoms for all three clones from 31 to 96% as determined by symptom development in elevated O-3 versus elevated O-3 + CO2 treatments. Degradation of the epicuticular wax surface of all three clones was found at the two elevated O-3 gradient sites. This degradation was quantified by a coefficient of occlusion which was a measure of stomatal occlusion by epicuticular waxes. Statistically significant increases in stomatal occlusion compared to controls were found for all three clones and for all treatments including elevated CO2, elevated O-3, and elevated CO2 + O-3. Our results provide additional evidence that current ambient O-3 levels in the Great Lakes region are causing adverse effects on trembling aspen. Whether or not elevated CO2 in the future will alleviate some of these adverse effects, as occurred with visible symptoms but not with epicuticular wax degradation, is unknown. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Forest Res Inst, Zvolen 96092, Slovakia. Nat Resources Canada, Canadian Forestry Serv, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada. US Forest Serv, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Forestry Sci Lab, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Biosyst & Proc Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. US Forest Serv, Savannah River Inst, New Ellenton, SC 29809 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Forestry, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Karnosky, DF (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Sch Forestry & Wood Prod, 101 UJ Noblet Forestry Bldg,1400 Townsend Dr, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RI Noormets, Asko/A-7257-2009; Coleman, Mark/A-6741-2013 OI Noormets, Asko/0000-0003-2221-2111; NR 41 TC 90 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 311 EP 322 DI 10.1023/A:1005276824459 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 246UL UT WOS:000083182900025 ER PT J AU Houpis, JLJ Anderson, PD Pushnik, JC Anschel, DJ AF Houpis, JLJ Anderson, PD Pushnik, JC Anschel, DJ TI Among-provenance variability of gas exchange and growth in response to long-term elevated CO2 exposure SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th IUFRO Workshop on Air Pollution Stress, Forest Responses to the Pollution Climate of the 21st Century CY SEP 21-23, 1998 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND SP IUFRO DE genetic variability; elevated CO2; climate change; pine; conifer; photosynthesis; growth ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PONDEROSA PINE; BIOMASS ALLOCATION; PLANT-RESPONSES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; ENRICHMENT; FAMILIES; LEAVES AB Genetic variability can have profound effects on the interpretation of results from elevated CO2 studies, and future forest management decisions. Information on which varieties are best suited to future atmospheric conditions is needed to develop future forest management practices. A large-scale screening study of the effects of elevated CO2 on 15 half-sibling sources of genetically superior ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl ex P. Laws.) is presented. These sources represent multiple elevations and latitudes throughout California. Among-provenance variability in the effects of elevated CO2 on gas exchange and growth, and their correlation with geographic origin were investigated in ponderosa pine seedlings subjected to ambient or elevated CO2 concentrations (525 mu mol mol(-1) CO2, and 700 mu mol mol(-1) CO2) for more than two years in open-top chambers. Substantial among-provenance variability in growth response to elevated CO2 was evident, with 8 sources demonstrating no significant growth response to elevated CO2 while 7 sources responded positively. For all sources, elevated CO2 increased photosynthesis (ranging from 19% increase at 525 mu mol mol(-1) CO2 to 49% increase at 700 mu mol mol(-1) CO2). A modest correlation existed between geographic origin and above ground growth response to elevated CO2. C1 So Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. US Forest Serv, USDA, N Cent Forest Expt Stn, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Biol Sci, Chico, CA 95929 USA. RP Houpis, JLJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 1099, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1023/A:1005203024884 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 246UL UT WOS:000083182900038 ER PT J AU Nicholl, MJ Rajaram, H Glass, RJ Detwiler, R AF Nicholl, MJ Rajaram, H Glass, RJ Detwiler, R TI Saturated flow in a single fracture: Evaluation of the Reynolds equation in measured aperture fields SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ROUGH-WALLED FRACTURES; FLUID-FLOW; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; ROCK FRACTURE; PERMEABILITY; VISUALIZATION; TRANSPORT; JOINTS; MODELS AB Fracture transmissivity and detailed aperture fields are measured in analog fractures specifically designed to evaluate the utility of the Reynolds equation. We employ a light transmission technique with well-defined accuracy (similar to 1% error) to measure aperture fields at high spatial resolution (similar to 0.015 cm). A Hele-Shaw cell is used to confirm our approach by demonstrating agreement between experimental transmissivity, simulated transmissivity on the measured aperture field, and the parallel plate law. In the two rough-walled analog fractures considered, the discrepancy between the experimental and numerical estimates of fracture transmissivity was sufficiently large (similar to 22-47%) to exclude numerical and experimental errors (<2%) as a source. We conclude that the three-dimensional character of the flow field is important for fully describing fluid flow in the two rough-walled fractures considered and that the approach of depth averaging inherent in the formulation of the Reynolds equation is inadequate. We also explore the effects of spatial resolution, aperture measurement technique, and alternative definitions for link transmissivities in the finite difference formulation, including some that contain corrections for tortuosity perpendicular to the mean fracture plane and Stakes flow. Various formulations for link transmissivity are shown to converge at high resolution (similar to 1/5 the spatial correlation length) in our smoothly varying fracture. At coarser resolutions the solution becomes increasingly sensitive to definition of link transmissivity and measurement technique. Aperture measurements that integrate over individual grid blocks were less sensitive to measurement scale and definition of link transmissivity than point sampling techniques. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Geol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Flow Visualizat & Proc Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nicholl, MJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Sch Geol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RI Detwiler, Russell/C-3228-2008 OI Detwiler, Russell/0000-0002-7693-9271 NR 48 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 35 IS 11 BP 3361 EP 3373 DI 10.1029/1999WR900241 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 249PX UT WOS:000083342400012 ER PT J AU Tidwell, VC Wilson, JL AF Tidwell, VC Wilson, JL TI Upscaling experiments conducted on a block of volcanic tuff: Results for a bimodal permeability distribution SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; POROUS-MEDIA; TRANSPORT; MODELS; FIELD AB Permeability upscaling is physically investigated by making over 31,000 permeability measurements on a meter-scale block of volcanic tuff. The experiments are made possible by a specially adapted minipermeameter test system. Here we present and analyze 5185 permeability values, corresponding to five different sample supports (i.e., sample volumes) collected from one of the six block faces. The results show that the measured spatial permeability patterns, bimodal permeability distribution, and semivariogram structure/length scales are closely related to the strong textural contrast characterizing the tuff sample (i.e., highly porous pumice fragments embedded in a tight rock matrix). Each of the summary statistics shows distinct and consistent trends with increasing sample support (i.e., upscaling). As the sample support increases, the mean and variance decrease according to a power law relation, and the semivariogram range increases linearly, while the general structure of the semivariogram (isotropic, spherical model) remains unchanged. Interpretation of these results is pursued from two very different points of view; one addresses upscaling of the ensemble statistics, while the second examines upscaling from a local or pointwise perspective. We find the general upscaling trends exhibited by the ensemble statistics (given above,) to be consistent with the basic concepts of volume averaging, albeit nonlinear volume averaging. The bimodal characteristics of the tuff sample and the nonuniform flow conditions imparted by the minipermeameter contribute to the nonlinearity. The local analysis reveals strong variability in permeability upscaling from point to point throughout the sampling domain. Specifically, the permeability upscaling exhibited by zones rich in pumice is very different from zones dominated by matrix, unless the averaging volume is significantly larger than the spatial correlation scale. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Tidwell, VC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geohydrol Dept, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0735, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 30 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 35 IS 11 BP 3375 EP 3387 DI 10.1029/1999WR900161 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 249PX UT WOS:000083342400013 ER PT J AU Davisson, ML Rose, TP Smith, DK Kenneally, J AF Davisson, ML Rose, TP Smith, DK Kenneally, J TI Comment on "Isotope hydrology of southern Nevada groundwater: Stable isotopes and radiocarbon" by M. L. Davisson et al. Reply SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID CALIFORNIA; PRECIPITATION C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Davisson, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-231, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1999 VL 35 IS 11 BP 3581 EP 3583 DI 10.1029/1999WR900218 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 249PX UT WOS:000083342400036 ER PT J AU Muramatsu, Y Takenaka, H Oyama, T Hayashi, T Grush, MM Perera, RCC AF Muramatsu, Y Takenaka, H Oyama, T Hayashi, T Grush, MM Perera, RCC TI Valence band structure and decay process in the inner-shell excitation of boron oxide SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY EMISSION; B2O3; BEAMLINE; EXCITON; BN AB The electronic structure and radiative/non-radiative decay processes in the inner-shell excitation of B2O3 were investigated using soft x-ray emission and photoelectron spectroscopy. Based on density of states calculations, the electronic structure of B2O3 as probed by m-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) arises from hybridized sp(2)-planar B-O bonding in B-Os triangular units. A fairly nondispersive band structure was also suggested by excitation energy-dependent XES. XES and PES indicated both a resonant radiative decay process and a resonant non-radiative decay process with pi* excitation at the B K threshold. A small resonant radiative decay peak was observed with pi* excitation at the O K K threshold, probably due to a more weakly bound pi* state at the O K threshold than at the B K threshold. Copyright O 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 NTT, Lifestyle & Environm Technol Labs, Musashino, Tokyo 1808585, Japan. NTT Adv Technol Corp, Musashino, Tokyo 1808585, Japan. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muramatsu, Y (reprint author), NTT, Lifestyle & Environm Technol Labs, Musashino, Tokyo 1808585, Japan. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD NOV-DEC PY 1999 VL 28 IS 6 BP 503 EP 508 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4539(199911/12)28:6<503::AID-XRS385>3.0.CO;2-F PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 267HG UT WOS:000084351900016 ER PT J AU Ogo, S Buriez, O Kerr, JB Fish, RH AF Ogo, S Buriez, O Kerr, JB Fish, RH TI Bioorganometallic chemistry Part 12. Reaction of [Cp*Rh(H2O)(3)](OTf)(2) with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in water: synthesis, structure, and a pH-dependent H-1-NMR and voltammetric study of the cyclic trimer product, [Cp*Rh(mu-eta(1)(N1):eta(2)(N6,N7)-9-(5 '-ribose pyrophosphate-5 ''-ribose-1 ''-nicotinamide)adeninato](3)(OTf)(3) SO JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; organorhodium-NAD complex; H-1-NMR and CV analysis ID (ETA(5)-PENTAMETHYLCYCLOPENTADIENYL)RHODIUM AQUA COMPLEXES; CARBOXYLIC-ACID GUESTS; AROMATIC AMINO-ACID; NONCOVALENT PI-PI; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; NUCLEOBASE; REDUCTION; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; DERIVATIVES; COFACTORS AB The reaction of [Cp*Rh(H2O)(3)](OTf)(2) (1) with nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+), 2), an important co-factor in enzymatic reactions, was studied utilizing H-1-NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI/MS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and isolation techniques, as a function of pH. The product was formulated from the above-mentioned spectroscopic data as the well-known Cp*Rh cyclic trimer structure, [Cp*Rh(mu-eta(1)(N1):eta(2)(N6,N7)-9-(5'-ribose pyrophosphate-5 "-ribose-1 "-nicotinamide)adeninato](3)(OTf)(3), 3, which forms via a self-assembly mechanism as the pH is increased from 3 to 6 (H-1-NMR). We also compared 3 with the putative one reported that formed via reaction with [(Cp*Rh)(2)(mu-Cl-2)Cl-2] and was tentatively assigned the formula, [Cp*Rh(NAD)Cl](Cl). In fact, both Cp*Rh synthons provide the same cyclic trimer product at pH 6, while a presumed mixture of [Cp*Rh(NAD)] and Cp*Rh aqua intermediates (at least eight Cp*Rh H-1-NMR signals are evident) were formed at pH 3.0. A full analysis of the CV data reveals that some Cp*Rh aqua complexes are electroactive at potentials around -1.2 V versus Ag \ AgCl, but probably not the cyclic trimer, complex 3. Unfortunately, we were not able to utilize complex 3 in an intramolecular, regioselective reduction reaction, with sodium formate as the hydride source, to provide the corresponding biologically active 1,4-dihydro derivative. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fish, RH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0022-328X J9 J ORGANOMET CHEM JI J. Organomet. Chem. PD OCT 30 PY 1999 VL 589 IS 1 BP 66 EP 74 DI 10.1016/S0022-328X(99)00303-4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 248XB UT WOS:000083301100009 ER PT J AU Hayes, JM Reinot, T Small, GJ AF Hayes, JM Reinot, T Small, GJ TI Hole burning properties of aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulphonate in water-containing poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) films SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYPERQUENCHED GLASSY FILMS; LIQUID TRANSITION; POLYVINYL-ALCOHOL; AMORPHOUS SOLIDS; TETRASULFONATE; MECHANISM; HYDROGEL AB Non-photochemical hole burning of aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate in poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) is reported. The zero-phonon holewidth, linear electron-phonon coupling, and dispersive kinetics of hole growth are measured. From comparison of the dye in hyperquenched grassy water, ethanol, and dry polymer, it is concluded that it interacts with the non-freezing water of the polymer. This results in a significant increase in the zero-phonon holewidth and decrease in the frequency of phonons that are linearly coupled to the optical transition. Prospects for similar dye-polymer systems for studies of optical coherence loss and for information storage applications are discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, USDOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Hayes, JM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 1999 VL 312 IS 5-6 BP 362 EP 368 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00995-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 260MV UT WOS:000083955200003 ER PT J AU Skokov, S Peterson, KA Bowman, JM AF Skokov, S Peterson, KA Bowman, JM TI Perturbative inversion of the HOCl potential energy surface via singular value decomposition SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; INTRAMOLECULAR DYNAMICS; OVERTONES; SPECTRA; STATE; BAND AB A global, ab initio potential energy surface for HOCl [K.A. Peterson, S. Skokov, J.M. Bowman, J. Chem. Phys. (in press)] is corrected to exactly reproduce experimental vibrational energies for 22 known bound states, and rotational constants for 9 low-energy states. The ab initio potential is first 'morphed' by means of coordinate scaling to substantially improve its accuracy. Then a small correction potential is determined by the inverse perturbation theory via the singular value decomposition method [Q. Wu, J.Z.H. Zhang, Chem. Phys. Lett. 252 (1996) 195]. The correction potential expanded in the truncated basis set of distributed gaussian functions, is an analytical function of the coordinates, and yields results that are within 0.14 cm(-1) of the experimental energies. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bowman, JM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Chem, 1515 Pierce Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 1999 VL 312 IS 5-6 BP 494 EP 502 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00996-3 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 260MV UT WOS:000083955200020 ER PT J AU Fellers, RS Barsky, D Gygi, F Colvin, M AF Fellers, RS Barsky, D Gygi, F Colvin, M TI An ab initio study of DNA base pair hydrogen bonding: a comparison of plane-wave versus Gaussian-type function methods SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; WATER DIMER; BASIS-SETS; CONVERGENCE; ENERGIES; ANALOG AB We have computed ab initio binding energies, optimum geometries, and electrostatic moments for several DNA base pairs by gradient-corrected density functional theory (DFT) using basis sets consisting of plane-wave or Gaussian-type functions. Our findings demonstrate that even with modest periodic cell dimensions and plane-wave cutoff energies, the plane-wave method yields equivalent results to Gaussian basis DFT using very large basis sets and counterpoise corrections. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Biol Grp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Colvin, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Biol Grp, L-452, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 1999 VL 312 IS 5-6 BP 548 EP 555 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00898-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 260MV UT WOS:000083955200027 ER PT J AU Gutsev, GL Rao, BK Jena, P Wang, XB Wang, LS AF Gutsev, GL Rao, BK Jena, P Wang, XB Wang, LS TI Origin of the unusual stability of MnO4- SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-AFFINITIES; OXIDE ANIONS; ION; PERMANGANATE; TRANSITION; CHEMISTRY; ENERGY AB The attachment of an electron to manganese tetroxide cluster is found to lower its total energy by as much as 5 eV, thus putting MnO4 into the class of superhalogens. This result, predicted by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory and generalized gradient approximation, is verified experimentally by photodetachment spectroscopy. The combined theoretical and experimental studies not only allow a fundamental understanding of the origin of the unusual stability of MnO4- but also provide information on ground-state geometries, vibrational frequencies, and electronic structure of MnO4, MnO4-, and their isomers. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM brao@saturn.vcu.edu NR 27 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 4 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 29 PY 1999 VL 312 IS 5-6 BP 598 EP 605 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00976-8 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 260MV UT WOS:000083955200035 ER PT J AU Yak, HK Mincher, BJ Chiu, KH Wai, CM AF Yak, HK Mincher, BJ Chiu, KH Wai, CM TI Supercritical fluid extraction/gamma-radiolysis of PCBs from contaminated soil SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE supercritical fluid extraction; gamma-radiolysis; PCBs; remediation ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; RAY-INDUCED DEGRADATION; SPENT REACTOR-FUEL; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; OPTIMIZATION; DESTRUCTION; PESTICIDES; SOLVENT; CARBON AB Off-line supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) followed by gamma-radiolysis as an alternative treatment technique for PCB-contaminated soil was investigated in this study using BZ #53 (2,2',6,6' tetrachlorobiphenyl) as the model compound. The preliminary results indicate that removal of BZ #54 from spiked sand and soil using SFE at 150 degrees C and 20 MPa is 98% and 93%, respectively. The reduction efficiency of 864 mg/l BZ #54 in isooctane by gamma-radiolysis is 99.8% at an absorbed dose of 500 kGy. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Idaho Natl Environm & Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Wai, CM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RI Mincher, Bruce/C-7758-2017 NR 21 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD OCT 29 PY 1999 VL 69 IS 2 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S0304-3894(99)00106-5 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 249VX UT WOS:000083354900006 PM 10536286 ER PT J AU De Martinis, BS Kado, NY de Carvalho, LRF Okamoto, RA Gundel, LA AF De Martinis, BS Kado, NY de Carvalho, LRF Okamoto, RA Gundel, LA TI Genotoxicity of fractionated organic material in airborne particles from Sao Paulo, Brazil SO MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE PM10; airborne particles; polluted urban air; Salmonella microsuspension assay; GC/MS analyses; polar organic matter; Latin America ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; BIOASSAY-DIRECTED FRACTIONATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; AMBIENT AIR; MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; ENGINE EXHAUST; MEXICO-CITY; EXTRACTS; POLLUTION AB Particulate matter less than 10 mu m aerodynamic diameter (PM10) is associated with adverse health effects including increased respiratory problems and mortality. PMIO is also associated with increases in cancer in some urban areas. Identification of toxic compounds in PM10 is a step toward estimating exposure to these compounds and evaluating their public health risk. However, the toxic compounds on PM10 are part of a highly complex mixture of compounds that makes chemical characterization difficult. Before this study, there has been little investigation of genotoxic compounds in particulate matter from Latin American cities. Here, both bioassay (mutagenicity) and chemical analyses were conducted with organic solvent extracts of PM10 collected from Sao Paulo, a major Brazilian city. Sequential extraction in dichloromethane (DCM) followed by acetone (ACE) yielded 20.3% and 10.2% of the total mass, respectively. Non-polar and moderately polar organic material solubilized in DCM. ACE extracted more polar organic species and some inorganic ions. Both extracts were fractionated separately using cyanopropyl-bonded silica chromatography with organic solvents of increasing polarity. The mass distribution among the fractions was measured. The mutagenic activity of the fractions was assayed using the microsuspension procedure with the Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA98, with and without addition of metabolic enzymes (S9). The DCM extract had about four times higher mutagenic activity than the ACE extract. In general, addition of S9 resulted in an increase in mutagenicity of DCM fractions, but a decrease for the ACE extract. Most of the activity was concentrated in fractions in the mid-range of polarity within both the DCM and ACE extracts. The fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC/MS) without derivatization. The most mutagenic fractions in the DCM extract contained ketones, aldehydes, and quinolines. The most mutagenic ACE fraction had ketones, carboxylic acids, and aldehydes. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, BR-05599970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP De Martinis, BS (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, CP 26077, BR-05599970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Carvalho, Lilian/H-8562-2012; Institute of Chemistry - USP, Dept. of Chemistry/B-8988-2012; De Martinis, Bruno/I-5388-2012 OI De Martinis, Bruno/0000-0002-2702-5190 NR 41 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5718 J9 MUTAT RES-GEN TOX EN JI Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. PD OCT 29 PY 1999 VL 446 IS 1 BP 83 EP 94 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 255AW UT WOS:000083648200008 PM 10613188 ER PT J AU Hayhoe, K Jain, A Pitcher, H MacCracken, C Gibbs, M Wuebbles, D Harvey, R Kruger, D AF Hayhoe, K Jain, A Pitcher, H MacCracken, C Gibbs, M Wuebbles, D Harvey, R Kruger, D TI Policy forum: Climate change policy - Costs of multigreenhouse gas reduction targets for the USA SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. ICF Kaiser Consulting, Sherman Oaks, CA USA. US EPA, Off Air & Radiat, Climate Protect Div, Methane Energy Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Hayhoe, K (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016 OI Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228 NR 9 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 29 PY 1999 VL 286 IS 5441 BP 905 EP 906 DI 10.1126/science.286.5441.905 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 250BE UT WOS:000083368500028 ER PT J AU Richter, S Alonso, A De Bolle, W Wellum, R Taylor, PDP AF Richter, S Alonso, A De Bolle, W Wellum, R Taylor, PDP TI Isotopic "fingerprints" for natural uranium ore samples SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE natural uranium; abundance sensitivity; IUPAC table AB A set of six samples, collected worldwide from various uranium ore mining facilities, was analysed for uranium isotopic composition by high accuracy isotope mass spectrometry. The goal of this article was twofold: to measure isotopic variations between samples of different geographical origin and to produce calibrated isotope ratios with the smallest achievable uncertainty las defined according to the ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement). In the first step, the molar ratio of the isotopes U-235 and U-238, n(U-235)/n(U-238), was measured using a UF6-gas-inlet isotope mass spectrometer (VARIAN MAT 511). This instrument was calibrated against gravimetrically prepared synthetic isotope mixtures thus allowing SI-traceable measurements to be made. The ratios of the "minor isotopes" to U-238 [n(U-234)/n(U-238) and (U-236)/n(U-238)] were determined in a second step using a thermal ionisation mass spectrometer with high abundance sensitivity (Finnigan MAT262-RPQ-PLUS). The mass-fractionation correction was done internally using the result of the (U-235)/n(U-238) measurement. As a result, the complete measured uranium isotopic composition is traceable to the SI system. For all ratios n(U-234)/n(U-238), n(U-235)/n(U-238), and n(U-236)/n(U-238) significant differences for samples of different origin were found. Regarding the n(U-236)/n(U-238) results, only two samples, one of them from the Oklo reactor in Gabon, showed significant presence of U-236. For all other samples an upper limit for n(U-236)/n(U-238) of about 6 x 10(-10), mainly dependent on the instrumentation, was found. As a result of this study we propose values for the isotope abundances of natural uranium for the "Best Measurement from a Single Terrestrial Source" and the "Range of Natural Variations" in the IUPAC-table of the "Isotopic Composition of the Elements." (Int J Mass Spectrom 193 (1999) 9-14) (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. RP Richter, S (reprint author), New Brunswick Lab, 9800 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 11 TC 112 Z9 115 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 28 PY 1999 VL 193 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(99)00102-5 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 251PF UT WOS:000083453500002 ER PT J AU Ewing, RG Eiceman, GA Stone, JA AF Ewing, RG Eiceman, GA Stone, JA TI Proton-bound cluster ions in ion mobility spectrometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE proton-bound dimer; ion mobility spectrometry; asymmetric ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE BASICITIES; HYDROGEN-BOND; DIMETHYL ETHER; SOLVATION; WATER; EQUILIBRIA; METHANOL; DIMERS; AMINES AB Gaseous oxygen and nitrogen bases, both singly and as binary mixtures, have been introduced into ion mobility spectrometers to study the appearance of protonated molecules, and proton-bound dimers and trimers. At ambient temperature it was possible to simultaneously observe, following the introduction of molecule A, comparable intensities of peaks ascribable to the reactant ion (H2O)(n)H+, the protonated molecule AH(+) and AH(+) . H2O, and the symmetrical proton bound dimer A(2)H(+). Mass spectral identification confirmed the identifications and also showed that the majority of the protonated molecules were hydrated and that the proton-bound dimers were hydrated to a much lesser extent. No significant peaks ascribable to proton-bound trimers were obtained no matter how high the sample concentration. Binary mixtures containing molecules A and B, in some cases gave not only the peaks unique to the individual compounds but also peaks due to asymmetrical proton bound dimers AHB(+). Such ions were always present in the spectra of mixtures of oxygen bases but were not observed for several mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen bases. The dimers, which were not observable, notable for their low hydrogen bond strengths, must have decomposed in their passage from the ion source to the detector, i.e. in a time less than similar to 5 ms. When the temperature was lowered to -20 degrees C, trimers, both homogeneous and mixed, were observed with mixtures of alcohols. The importance of hydrogen bond energy, and hence operating temperature, in determining the degree of solvation of the ions that will be observed in an ion mobility spectrometer is stressed. The possibility is discussed that a displacement reaction involving ambient water plays a role in the dissociation. (Int J Mass Spectrom 193 (1999) 57-68) (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Chem, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Eiceman, GA (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DAAH04-95-1-0541] NR 33 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 28 PY 1999 VL 193 IS 1 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(99)00141-4 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 251PF UT WOS:000083453500007 PM 11543494 ER PT J AU Pinnaduwage, LA Nagesha, K Zhu, YF Buchanan, MV Hurst, GB AF Pinnaduwage, LA Nagesha, K Zhu, YF Buchanan, MV Hurst, GB TI Laser-enhanced negative ion mass spectroscopy for weakly electron-attaching species SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE negative ions; Rydberg states; electron attachment; mass spectrometry; laser ID HIGHLY EXCITED MOLECULES; LONG-TIME STABILITY; ATTACHMENT; STATES; PLASMA; DISSOCIATION; IONIZATION AB We report the first observation of efficient negative ion formation in excimer-laser irradiated benzene and toluene. These negative ions were formed via enhanced electron attachment to highly-excited states produced by the laser radiation. The potential of this technique as an analytical tool is discussed. Due to the general nature of the enhanced electron attachment mechanism involved, this technique can be expected to be applicable for a wide variety of molecules. (Int J Mass Spectrom 193 (1999) 77-86) (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM llp@ornl.gov RI Buchanan, Michelle/J-1562-2016 OI Buchanan, Michelle/0000-0002-8078-4575 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD OCT 28 PY 1999 VL 193 IS 1 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S1387-3806(99)00156-6 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 251PF UT WOS:000083453500009 ER PT J AU Goss, LM Sharpe, SW Blake, TA Vaida, V Brault, JW AF Goss, LM Sharpe, SW Blake, TA Vaida, V Brault, JW TI Direct absorption spectroscopy of water clusters SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ROTATION TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED PREDISSOCIATION SPECTRA; TERAHERTZ LASER SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFUSION MONTE-CARLO; SELF-CONSISTENT-FIELD; FREE-JET EXPANSIONS; AB-INITIO; HYDROGEN-BOND; DIPOLE-MOMENT; REARRANGEMENT DYNAMICS AB Fourier Transform infrared spectrometry has been used to study the vibrational spectroscopy of water clusters prepared in a supersonic expansion. The clusters are assigned as being composed of 10-100 waters based on consideration of the free OH and bound OH vibrations and the experimental conditions used. Four vibrational features were observed simultaneously including the bend, free OH stretch, bound OH stretch, and an unresolved group of intermolecular vibrations. No absorption features were observed between 4000 and 8000 cm(-1). This is the first observation of the bending vibration for any size gas-phase water cluster. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Pacific NW Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Goss, LM (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Dept Chem, Campus Box 8023, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. RI Vaida, Veronica/N-6069-2014 OI Vaida, Veronica/0000-0001-5863-8056 NR 77 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 28 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 43 BP 8620 EP 8624 DI 10.1021/jp9920702 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 253CB UT WOS:000083538100007 ER PT J AU Ruscic, B Litorja, M Asher, RL AF Ruscic, B Litorja, M Asher, RL TI Ionization energy of methylene revisited: Improved values for the enthalpy of formation of CH2 and the bond dissociation energy of CH3 via simultaneous solution of the local thermochemical network SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; POTENTIAL SURFACE; KETENE; PHOTOIONIZATION; THRESHOLD; DYNAMICS; PHOTOFRAGMENTATION; SUBSTITUTION; ABINITIO; SPECTRUM AB The appearance energy of the CH2+ fragment from CH2CO has been carefully remeasured and fitted by a model curve, producing EA(0)(CH2+/CH2CO) = 13.743 +/- 0.005 eV. This value can be sequentially propagated through selected thermochemical cycles to yield individual values for EI(CH2), D-0(H-CH2), Delta H degrees(f0)(CK2), and Delta H degrees(f0)(CH2CO). A set of values with a statistically larger weight is produced by analyzing a local thermochemical network, which combines the present measurement with thirteen other experimental determinations from the literature and encompasses the enthalpies of formation of CH3, CH3+, CH2, CH2+, and CH2CO. The recommended simultaneously adjusted thermochemical values are: Delta H degrees(f0)(CH3) = 35.86 +/- 0.07 kcal/mol (35.05 +/- 0.07 kcal/mol at 298 K), Delta H degrees(f0)(CH3+) = 262.73 +/- 0.06 kcal/mol (261.83 +/- 0.06 kcal/mol at 298 K), Delta H degrees(f0)(CH2) = 93.18 +/- 0.20 kcal/mol (93.31 +/- 0.20 kcal/mol at 298 K), Delta H degrees(f0)(CH2+) = 332.92 +/- 0.19 kcal/mol (333.04 +/- 0.19 kcal/mol at 298 K), Delta H degrees(f0)(CH2CO) = -11.10 +/- 0.21 kcal/mol (-11.85 +/- 0.21 kcal/mol at 298 K), as well as D-0(H3C-H) = 103.42 +/- 0.03 kcal/mol (104.99 +/- 0.03 kcal/mol at 298 K), D-0(H2C-H) = 108.95 +/- 0.20 kcal/mol (110.35 +/- 0.20 kcal/mol at 298 K), D-0(K2C= CO) = 77.08 +/- 0.02 kcal/mol (78.73 +/- 0.02 kcal/mol at 298 K), EI(CH3) = 9.3830 +/- 0.0005 eV, and EI(CH2) = 10.3962 +/- 0.0036 eV. These values are in excellent agreement with current and several previous experimental measurements. The recommended enthalpy of formation of CH2 implies that the reaction of singlet methylene with water is essentially thermoneutral (to within +/-0.2 kcal/mol) at 0 and 298 K, and slightly endothermic (0.5 +/- 0.2 kcal/mol) at 1000 K. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ruscic, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ruscic, Branko/A-8716-2008 OI Ruscic, Branko/0000-0002-4372-6990 NR 64 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 28 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 43 BP 8625 EP 8633 DI 10.1021/jp992403v PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 253CB UT WOS:000083538100008 ER PT J AU Butcher, DJ Asano, KG Goeringer, DE McLuckey, SA AF Butcher, DJ Asano, KG Goeringer, DE McLuckey, SA TI Thermal dissociation of gaseous bradykinin ions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MULTIPLY-CHARGED IONS; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; INFRARED RADIATIVE DISSOCIATION; SURFACE-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; GAS-PHASE; PEPTIDE IONS; PROTONATED PEPTIDES; ACTIVATED DISSOCIATION AB Singly, doubly, and triply charged bradykinin ions have been dissociated thermally in a quadrupole ion trap operated with a bath gas comprised principally of helium at 1 mTorr. Dissociation rates as a function of bath gas temperature were measured along with product ion spectra. Studies were conducted to show that dissociation rates were independent of ion storage conditions and bath gas pressure. These studies indicate that good approximations to true Arrhenius parameters could be determined from Arrhenius plots using the bath gas temperature as a measure of the internal energy distribution of the parent ion population, Arrhenius parameters derived in this work agree with those reported recently using blackbody-induced radiative dissociation for the singly and doubly charged ions within experimental error. The spectrum of dissociation products were also very similar, reflecting the equivalency of the two methods for deriving Arrhenius parameters. Arrhenius parameters for the triply charged ion (E-a= 0.79 +/- 0.03 eV; log A = 9.3 +/- 0.36 s(-1)) are reported for the first time. Comparison of the Arrhenius parameters for the doubly and triply charged parent ions, along with dissociation reactions of the ions formed via water loss from the two parent ions indicate that water loss reactions from doubly protonated bradykinin and from triply protonated bradykinin proceed via distinctly different mechanisms. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Western Carolina Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. RP McLuckey, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI McLuckey, Scott/B-2203-2009; Asano, Keiji/L-3164-2016 OI McLuckey, Scott/0000-0002-1648-5570; Asano, Keiji/0000-0003-2254-3586 NR 62 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 28 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 43 BP 8664 EP 8671 DI 10.1021/jp9924979 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 253CB UT WOS:000083538100013 ER PT J AU Chen, LH Geiger, C Perlstein, J Whitten, DG AF Chen, LH Geiger, C Perlstein, J Whitten, DG TI Self-assembly of styryl naphthalene amphiphiles in aqueous dispersions and interfacial films: Aggregate structure, assembly properties, photochemistry, and photophysics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; MICROHETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; TRANS-STILBENE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PHOTOISOMERIZATION; PHOTOREACTIVITY; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; PRINCIPLE; VESICLES; UNIT AB A study of phospholipid and fatty acid amphiphiles containing the isomeric trans-alpha- and beta-styrylnaphthalene chromophores is reported. On the basis of simulations for Langmuir films of fatty acids terminated with the two chromophores, it was anticipated that the beta-styrylnaphthalene fatty acids should be able to Pack into compact layers, having an extended glide or herringbone arrangement similar to those observed for corresponding stilbene, tolan, or azobenzene amphiphiles. In contrast, the simulations suggested that such an arrangement might be precluded on steric grounds for the isomeric alpha-styrylnaphthalene derivatives. The experimental studies carried out indicate that the beta-styrylnaphthalene fatty acids and phospholipids do in fact exhibit assembly properties and photophysical behavior similar to that observed for the stilbene and tolan amphiphiles; thus we find evidence for aggregates having similar "signatures" to those observed previously for both films at the air-water interface and aqueous suspensions. The behavior of the alpha-styrylnaphthalene amphiphiles is much more complex. Whereas aqueous dispersions of the phospholipid and highly compressed films at the air-water interface suggest the presence of weak aggregates (possibly dimers) having a translation or face-to-face structure, studies of the fatty acid derivative at the air-water interface suggest that the alpha fatty acid may form a "pinwheel" or herringbone cluster before compression such that drastically different photochemistry and photophysics is observed as a function of compression. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, NSF, Ctr Photoinduced Charge Transfer, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Whitten, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 28 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 43 BP 9161 EP 9167 DI 10.1021/jp990857m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 253CD UT WOS:000083538300014 ER PT J AU Holroyd, RA Nishikawa, M Itoh, K AF Holroyd, RA Nishikawa, M Itoh, K TI Thermodynamics of electron attachment to pyrimidine and styrene in supercritical ethane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID NONPOLAR-SOLVENTS; EQUILIBRIUM; FLUIDS AB The reaction of excess electrons with pyrimidine and styrene was Studied in supercritical ethane, The equilibrium constant for attachment was large when the Solute was pyrimidine and small for styrene, although their electron affinities are comparable. At pressures above 100 bar, the rate constant for electron attachment to pyrimidine (k(a)) was time resolved using the short pulse of the laser-electron accelerator facility (LEAF). The rate constant, k(a), is large and nearly independent of pressure and temperature; thus, the volume of activation is close to zero. At lower pressures, the equilibrium constants for this reaction were derived from the changes in the mobility of excess electrons. The free energy is a function of the polarization energy, which was evaluated with a compressible continuum model. The small equilibrium constant in the case of styrene is attributed to a smaller polarization energy. Values of Delta V-r, obtained from changes of Delta G(r) with pressure, range from -9.0 to -0.4 L/mol. The observed volume changes are compared to electrostriction volumes calculated by the model. Electron attachment occurs with a large decrease in entropy associated with clustering of ethane molecules around the ion formed. Observed values of Delta S-r are comparable to expected values calculated from Delta S-r = (alpha/chi(T))Delta V-r. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Kanazawa Inst Technol, Fac Engn, Astugi 2430292, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Pure & Appl Sci, Tokyo 1538902, Japan. RP Holroyd, RA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 28 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 43 BP 9205 EP 9210 DI 10.1021/jp990717c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 253CD UT WOS:000083538300019 ER PT J AU Werst, DW Han, P Choure, SC Vinokur, EI Xu, L Trifunac, AD Eriksson, LA AF Werst, DW Han, P Choure, SC Vinokur, EI Xu, L Trifunac, AD Eriksson, LA TI Hydrogen atom addition to hydrocarbon guests in radiolyzed zeolites SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-SPIN-RESONANCE; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THERMOCHEMISTRY; RADICAL HYPERFINE STRUCTURES; ION MOLECULE REACTIONS; EXACT-EXCHANGE; CATIONS; RADIATION; MATRICES; BENZENE; ZSM-5 AB The formation of H adducts during radiolysis of zeolites containing olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbon guests was demonstrated to occur by H atom transfer from the zeolite to the adsorbed molecules. The H adducts and other paramagnetic radiolysis products (radical cations and H-loss radicals) were detected by EPR spectroscopy. The mechanism of H adduct formation was confirmed by, inter alia, H/D isotopic labeling and comparison of results in HZSM5 and H-Mordenite to results in their Na(+)-exchanged counterparts. The effects of charge transfer among radiolysis products and zeolite-adsorbate interactions on the relative yields of trapped species is discussed. It is proposed that molecules smaller that a critical size adsorb inhomogeneously in ZSM5, forming aggregates in which ion-molecule reactions occur. Interpretation of the experimental results was aided by quantum chemical calculations of the molecular properties of the intermediates and their reaction energetics. This included evaluation of electron-transfer exothermicities, activation energies for H addition, and the relative acidities of the radical cations. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Uppsala Univ, Dept Quantum Chem, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Werst, DW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Eriksson, Leif/D-1226-2012 NR 74 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 28 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 43 BP 9219 EP 9230 DI 10.1021/jp990740y PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 253CD UT WOS:000083538300021 ER PT J AU Glatzmaier, GA Coe, RS Hongre, L Roberts, PH AF Glatzmaier, GA Coe, RS Hongre, L Roberts, PH TI The role of the Earth's mantle in controlling the frequency of geomagnetic reversals SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID AVERAGED PALEOMAGNETIC FIELD; THERMAL-CONVECTION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CORE; GEODYNAMO; BEHAVIOR; DYNAMICS; RECORDS AB A series of computer simulations of the Earth's dynamo illustrates how the thermal structure of the lowermost mantle might affect convection and magnetic-field generation in the fluid core. Eight different patterns of heat flux from the core to the mantle are imposed over the core-mantle boundary. Spontaneous magnetic dipole reversals and excursions occur in seven of these cases, although sometimes the field only reverses in the outer part of the core, and then quickly reverses back. The results suggest correlations among the frequency of reversals, the duration over which the reversals occur, the magnetic-field intensity and the secular variation. The case with uniform heat flux at the core-mantle boundary appears most 'Earth-like'. This result suggests that variations in heat flux at the care-mantle boundary of the Earth are smaller than previously thought, possibly because seismic velocity anomalies in the lowermost mantle might have more of a compositional rather than thermal origin, or because of enhanced heat flux in the mantle's zones of ultra-low seismic velocity, C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM glatz@es.ucsc.edu NR 50 TC 340 Z9 352 U1 5 U2 51 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 28 PY 1999 VL 401 IS 6756 BP 885 EP 890 DI 10.1038/44776 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 251UL UT WOS:000083464700049 ER PT J AU Enquist, BJ West, GB Charnov, EL Brown, JH AF Enquist, BJ West, GB Charnov, EL Brown, JH TI Allometric scaling of production and life-history variation in vascular plants SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-RATE; FOREST TREES; COMMUNITIES; ALLOCATION; AMAZONIA; DENSITY; BIOMASS AB A prominent feature of comparative life histories is the well documented negative correlation between growth rate and life span(1,2). Patterns of resource allocation during growth and reproduction reflect life-history differences between species(1,2). This is particularly striking in tropical forests, where tree species can differ greatly in their rates of growth and ages of maturity but still attain similar canopy sizes(3,4). Here we provide a theoretical framework for relating life-history variables to rates of production, dM/dt, where M is above-ground mass and t is time. As metabolic rate limits production as an individual grows, dM/dt proportional to M-3/4. Incorporating interspecific variation in resource allocation to wood density, we derive a universal growth law that quantitatively fits data for a large sample of tropical tree species with diverse life histories. Combined with evolutionary life-history theory(1), the growth law also predicts several qualitative features of tree demography and reproduction. This framework also provides a general quantitative answer to why relative growth rate (1/M)(dM/df) decreases with increasing plant size (proportional to M-1/4) and how it varies with differing allocation strategies(5-8). C1 Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Enquist, BJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, 735 State St,Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. OI Enquist, Brian/0000-0002-6124-7096 NR 30 TC 336 Z9 369 U1 9 U2 117 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 28 PY 1999 VL 401 IS 6756 BP 907 EP 911 DI 10.1038/44819 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 251UL UT WOS:000083464700056 ER PT J AU Williams, PT AF Williams, PT TI Lifestyle and structured interventions to increase physical activity SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID OVERWEIGHT MEN; EXERCISE; LIPOPROTEINS C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Williams, PT (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 27 PY 1999 VL 282 IS 16 BP 1515 EP 1515 DI 10.1001/jama.282.16.1515 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 248MB UT WOS:000083277800011 PM 10546686 ER PT J AU Franz, JA Linehan, JC Birnbaum, JC Hicks, KW Alnajjar, MS AF Franz, JA Linehan, JC Birnbaum, JC Hicks, KW Alnajjar, MS TI Absolute rate expressions for hydrogen atom abstraction from molybdenum hydrides by carbon-centered radicals SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL HYDRIDES; SUBSTITUTED CYCLOPROPYLCARBINYL RADICALS; BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; TERTIARY ALKYL RADICALS; NORMAL-BUTYLTIN HYDRIDE; RATE CONSTANTS; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; RING OPENINGS; PHOTOCHEMICAL-REACTIONS; BENZYL RADICALS AB A new family of basis rate expressions for hydrogen atom abstraction by primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl radicals in dodecane and benzyl radical in benzene from the molybdenum hydride Cp*Mo(CO)(3)H and for reactions of a primary alkyl radical with CpMo(CO)3H in dodecane are reported (Cp* = eta(5)-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, Cp = eta(5)-cyclopentadienyl). Rate expressions for reaction of primary, secondary, and tertiary radical clocks with Cp*Mo(CO)(3)H were as follow: for hex-5-enyl, log(k/M-1 s(-1)) = (9.27 +/- 0.13) - (1.36 +/- 0.22)/theta, theta = 2.303RT kcal/mol; for hept-6-en-2-yl, log(k/M-1 s(-1)) = (9.12 +/- 0.42) - (1.91 +/- 0.74)/theta; and for 2-methylhept-6-en-2-yl, log(k/M-1 s(-1)) = (9.36 +/- 0.18) - (3.19 +/- 0.30)/theta (errors are 2 sigma). Hydrogen atom abstraction from CpMo(CO)(3)H by hex-5-enyl is described by log(k/M-1 s(-1)) = (9.53 +/- 0.34) - (1.24 +/- 0.62)/theta. Relative rate constants for 1 degrees:2 degrees:3 degrees alkyl radicals were found to be 26:7:1 at 298 K. Benzyl radical was found to react 1.4 times faster than tertiary alkyl radical. The much higher selectivities for Cp*Mo(CO)(3)H than those observed for main group hydrides (Bu3SnH, PhSeH, PhSH) with alkyl radicals, together with the very fast benzyl hydrogen-transfer rate, suggest the relative unimportance of simple enthalpic effects and the dominance of steric effects for the early transition-state hydrogen transfers. Hydrogen abstraction from Cp*MO(CO)(3)H by benzyl radicals is described by log(k/M-1 s(-1)) = (8.89 +/- 0.22) - (2.31 +/- 0.33)/theta. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Norfolk State Univ, Norfolk, VA 23504 USA. RP Franz, JA (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 70 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 27 PY 1999 VL 121 IS 42 BP 9824 EP 9830 DI 10.1021/ja991412e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 250WZ UT WOS:000083414400006 ER PT J AU Andersen, NH Dyer, RB Fesinmeyer, RM Gai, F Liu, ZH Neidigh, JW Tong, H AF Andersen, NH Dyer, RB Fesinmeyer, RM Gai, F Liu, ZH Neidigh, JW Tong, H TI Effect of hexafluoroisopropanol on the thermodynamics of peptide secondary structure formation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COLD-DENATURATION; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; STABILITY; HELIX; STABILIZATION; POLYPEPTIDE C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Andersen, NH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 13 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 27 PY 1999 VL 121 IS 42 BP 9879 EP 9880 DI 10.1021/ja991829k PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 250WZ UT WOS:000083414400015 ER PT J AU Lewis, FD Liu, XY Wu, YS Miller, SE Wasielewski, MR Letsinger, RL Sanishvili, R Joachimiak, A Tereshko, V Egli, M AF Lewis, FD Liu, XY Wu, YS Miller, SE Wasielewski, MR Letsinger, RL Sanishvili, R Joachimiak, A Tereshko, V Egli, M TI Structure and photoinduced electron transfer in exceptionally stable synthetic DNA hairpins with stilbenediether linkers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; BINDING C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Biosci, Struct Biol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol & Biol Chem, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Drug Discovery Program, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Lewis, FD (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 19 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 27 PY 1999 VL 121 IS 42 BP 9905 EP 9906 DI 10.1021/ja991934u PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 250WZ UT WOS:000083414400028 ER PT J AU Bartolome, JF Diaz, M Requena, J Moya, JS Tomsia, AP AF Bartolome, JF Diaz, M Requena, J Moya, JS Tomsia, AP TI Mullite/molybdenum ceramic-metal composites SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE functionally graded materials (FGM); sintering; toughness; wetting; grain boundaries ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SOL-GEL; BRITTLE MATERIALS; DUCTILE-PHASE; PARTICLE-SIZE; MOLYBDENUM; ALUMINA; MICROSTRUCTURES; NICKEL; NANOCOMPOSITES AB Dense (> 98 th%) homogeneous mullite/Mo (32 vol.%) composites with two different Mo average grain sizes (1.4 and 3 mu m) have been obtained at 1650 degrees C in vacuum and in reducing condition. Depending on the Mo grain size and processing atmosphere, the K-1C ranges from 4 to 7 MPa m(1/2) and sigma(f) from 370 to 530 MPa. The MoO2-2SiO(2). 3Al(2)O(3)-Mo system was found to be compatible in solid state, and a solid solution of approximate to 4 wt% of MoO2 in mullite at 1650 degrees C was detected. A solid slate dewetting of MoO2 from the surface of the Mo particle takes place during sintering. It was found that the absence of MoO2 in the mullite/Mo composites by processing in reducing conditions increases the strength of the metal/ceramic interface and the plasticity of the Mo metal particles, thus strengthening the composite by a crack bridging mechanism. As a result, the K-1C and the sigma(f) values of the ceramic-metal composite were found to be approximate to 4 times and approximate to 2 times higher than the ones corresponding to the mullite matrix. (C) 1999 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Tomsia, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Moya, Jose/I-5841-2013; Diaz, Marcos/G-5925-2014; Bartolome, Jose /B-1977-2010 OI Diaz, Marcos/0000-0001-7751-4913; Bartolome, Jose /0000-0002-7515-4202 NR 47 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD OCT 26 PY 1999 VL 47 IS 14 BP 3891 EP 3899 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00220-7 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 254DM UT WOS:000083596700015 ER PT J AU Palmer, BJ Liu, J Virden, J AF Palmer, BJ Liu, J Virden, J TI Simulations of the effect of diblock surfactant spacer molecules on micelle structure and function SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CRYSTAL; SODIUM OCTANOATE; DYNAMICS; SIEVES; WATER; COMPUTER AB A simple model for surfactants in solution is used to investigate the effect of diblock "spacer" molecules on the structure of micellar systems. The solvent is modeled by a simple Lennard-Jones fluid and the surfactants and spacer molecules are modeled by chains of Lennard-Jones sites connected by simple harmonic bonds. The surfactant is modeled as a solventphobic tail attached to a single solventphilic head site; the spacer is modeled as a solventphobic tail attached to a chain of solventphilic head sites. Molecular dynamics simulations an large systems (similar to 40 000 particles) are performed to investigate the properties of the model. The strength of the interaction between the solventphilic portion of the spacer and the solvent and the effect of the length of both the solventphobic and the solventphilic portions of the spacer on the structure of the micelle solution are investigated. The simulations suggest that for the spacer to keep micelles apart, the interaction between the solvent and solventphilic portion of the spacer must be fairly strong. Weak interactions between the solventphilic portion of the spacer and the solvent cause the spacer to collapse on the surface of the micelle. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Palmer, BJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 26 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 22 BP 7426 EP 7431 DI 10.1021/la990085l PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 252KQ UT WOS:000083501000005 ER PT J AU Zhang, RT Marone, PA Thiyagarajan, P Tiede, DM AF Zhang, RT Marone, PA Thiyagarajan, P Tiede, DM TI Structure and molecular fluctuations of n-alkyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside micelles determined by X-ray and neutron scattering SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; CROSS-SECTION STRUCTURE; POLYMER-LIKE MICELLES; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS; SELF-DIFFUSION; PHASE-DIAGRAM; ANGLE; CRYSTALLIZATION; WATER; MICELLIZATION AB The structure of micelles of n-alkyl-beta-D-glucopyranosides in aqueous solution have been determined as a function of alkyl chain length and isotopic composition of the solvent, using a combination of X-ray and neutron scattering techniques. The combined use of X-ray and neutron scattering over an extended q-range has led to an enhanced resolution of micelle structure. Numerical modeling of both X-ray and neutron scattering data found that n-alkyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside micelle shape could be best fit with a cylindrical core-shell form factor, with dimensions dependent upon the surfactant concentration and alkyl chain length. While the micelle core diameter was found to increase proportionately with changes in the alkyl chain length, significantly larger changes were found for the micelle length. The drastic increases in micelle length with increasing surfactant chain length is interpreted to reflect imperfect packing of the surfactant in the cap regions and solvent exposure of the alkyl chains. X-ray scattering intensity was found to decay more slowly as a function of q than could be explained by a simple core-shell structure. The anomalous decay of scattered intensity at high q was fit by modeling fluctuations in the position of surfactant molecules within the equilibrium core-shell structure, in a manner analogous to the use of a Debye-Waller temperature factor in crystallographic data analysis. This analysis suggests that wide-angle scattering data is sensitive to the dynamics of macromolecular assemblies, and that large temperature factors are a distinguishing, characteristic feature of n-alkyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside micelles rarely seen in other micelle systems. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tiede, DM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 26 PY 1999 VL 15 IS 22 BP 7510 EP 7519 DI 10.1021/la990076c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 252KQ UT WOS:000083501000017 ER PT J AU Chen, LH McBranch, DW Wang, HL Helgeson, R Wudl, F Whitten, DG AF Chen, LH McBranch, DW Wang, HL Helgeson, R Wudl, F Whitten, DG TI Highly sensitive biological and chemical sensors based on reversible fluorescence quenching in a conjugated polymer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR WIRE APPROACH; ORGANIZED ASSEMBLIES; PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIVITY; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; FILMS; SURFACTANT; OLIGOMERS; MICELLES; STATES; SOLUBILIZATION AB The fluorescence of a polyanionic conjugated polymer can be quenched by extremely low concentrations of cationic electron accepters in aqueous solutions. We report a greater than millionfold amplification of the sensitivity to fluorescence quenching compared with corresponding "molecular excited states." Using a combination of steady-state and ultrafast spectroscopy, we have established that the dramatic quenching results from weak complex formation [polymer((-))/quencher((+))], followed by ultrafast electron transfer from excitations on the entire polymer chain to the quencher, with a time constant of 650 fs. Because of the weak complex formation, the quenching can be selectively reversed by using a quencher-recognition diad. We have constructed such a diad and demonstrate that the fluorescence is fully recovered on binding between the recognition site and a specific analyte protein. In both solutions and thin films, this reversible fluorescence quenching provides the basis for a new class of highly sensitive biological and chemical sensors. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Exot Mat Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Whitten, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 50 TC 785 Z9 794 U1 14 U2 172 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 26 PY 1999 VL 96 IS 22 BP 12287 EP 12292 DI 10.1073/pnas.96.22.12287 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 250DD UT WOS:000083373000019 PM 10535914 ER PT J AU Spiller, B Gershenson, A Arnold, FH Stevens, RC AF Spiller, B Gershenson, A Arnold, FH Stevens, RC TI A structural view of evolutionary divergence SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID P-NITROBENZYL ESTERASE; DIRECTED EVOLUTION; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; IN-VITRO; PROTEIN; ADDITIVITY; STABILITY; ANTIBODY; PROGRAM; BINDING AB Two directed evolution experiments on p-nitrobenzyl esterase yielded one enzyme with a 100-fold increased activity in aqueous-organic solvents and another with a 17 degrees C increase in thermostability, Structures of the wild type and its organophilic and thermophilic counterparts are presented at resolutions of 1.5 Angstrom, 1.6 Angstrom, and 2.0 Angstrom, respectively. These structures identify groups of interacting mutations and demonstrate how directed evolution can traverse complex fitness landscapes. Early-generation mutations stabilize flexible loops not visible in the wild-type structure and set the stage for further beneficial mutations in later generations, The mutations exert their influence on the esterase structure over large distances, in a manner that would be difficult to predict. The loops with the largest structural changes generally are not the sites of mutations. Similarly, none of the seven amino acid substitutions in the organophile are in the active site, even though the enzyme experiences significant changes in the organization of this site. In addition to reduction of surface loop flexibility, thermostability in the evolved esterase results from altered core packing, helix stabilization, and the acquisition of surface salt bridges, in agreement with other comparative studies of mesophilic and thermophilic enzymes. Crystallographic analysis of the wild type and its evolved counterparts reveals networks of mutations that collectively reorganize the active site. Interestingly, the changes that led to diversity within the alpha/beta hydrolase enzyme family and the reorganization seen in this study result from main-chain movements. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 92037 USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Scripps Res Inst, Dept Mol Biol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Stevens, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Stevens, Raymond/K-7272-2015 OI Stevens, Raymond/0000-0002-4522-8725 NR 32 TC 139 Z9 143 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 26 PY 1999 VL 96 IS 22 BP 12305 EP 12310 DI 10.1073/pnas.96.22.12305 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 250DD UT WOS:000083373000022 PM 10535917 ER PT J AU Hsu, HL Gilley, D Blackburn, EH Chen, DJ AF Hsu, HL Gilley, D Blackburn, EH Chen, DJ TI Ku is associated with the telomere in mammals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT PROTEIN-KINASE; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; DNA-BINDING; POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE; HUMAN-CELLS; IN-VITRO; MAINTENANCE; LENGTH; YEAST; GENE AB Telomeres are specialized DNA/protein complexes that comprise the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. The highly expressed Ku heterodimer, composed of 70 and 80 K-d subunits (Ku70 and Ku80), is the high-affinity DNA binding component of the DNA-dependent protein kinase. Ku is critical for nonhomologous DNA double-stranded break repair and site-specific recombination of V(D)J gene segments. Ku also plays an important role in telomere maintenance in yeast, Herein, we report, using an in vivo crosslinking method, that human and hamster telomeric DNAs specifically coimmuno-precipitate with human Ku80 after crosslinking. Localization of Ku to the telomere does not depend on the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic component, These findings suggest a direct link between Ku and the telomere in mammalian cells. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Chen, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hsu, Hsin-Ling/E-3672-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA50519, R01 CA050519, R37 CA050519]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM26259, R01 GM026259, R37 GM026259] NR 41 TC 247 Z9 253 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 26 PY 1999 VL 96 IS 22 BP 12454 EP 12458 DI 10.1073/pnas.96.22.12454 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 250DD UT WOS:000083373000048 PM 10535943 ER PT J AU Knoll, DA Rider, WJ AF Knoll, DA Rider, WJ TI A multigrid preconditioned Newton-Krylov method SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Newton-Krylov methods; multigrid methods; nonlinear boundary value problems ID NUMBER COMPRESSIBLE COMBUSTION; NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; NONLINEAR-SYSTEMS; LINEAR-SYSTEMS; ALGORITHM; MATRIX; FLOW; SOLVER AB We study multigrid preconditioning of matrix-free Newton-Krylov methods as a means of developing more efficient nonlinear iterative methods for large scale simulation. Newton-Krylov methods have proven dependable in solving nonlinear systems while not requiring the explicit formation or storage of the complete Jacobian. However, the standard algorithmic scaling of Krylov methods is nonoptimal, with increasing linear system dimension. This motivates our use of multigrid-based preconditioning. It is demonstrated that a simple multigrid-based preconditioner can effectively limit the growth of Krylov iterations as the dimension of the linear system is increased. Different performance aspects of the proposed algorithm are investigated on three nonlinear, nonsymmetric, boundary value problems. Our goal is to develop a hybrid methodology which has Newton-Krylov nonlinear convergence properties and multigrid-like linear convergence scaling for large scale simulation. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Hydrodynam Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Knoll, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Hydrodynam Methods Grp, MS D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 31 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 11 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PD OCT 26 PY 1999 VL 21 IS 2 BP 691 EP 710 DI 10.1137/S1064827598332709 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 254JL UT WOS:000083608100014 ER PT J AU Zha, HY Simon, HD AF Zha, HY Simon, HD TI On updating problems in latent semantic indexing SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE singular value decomposition; updating problems; latent semantic indexing; information retrieval ID INFORMATION-RETRIEVAL AB We develop new SVD-updating algorithms for three types of updating problems arising from latent semantic indexing (LSI) for information retrieval to deal with rapidly changing text document collections. We also provide theoretical justification for using a reduced-dimension representation of the original document collection in the updating process. Numerical experiments using several standard text document collections show that the new algorithms give higher (interpolated) average precisions than the existing algorithms, and the retrieval accuracy is comparable to that obtained using the complete document collection. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Pond Lab 307, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zha, HY (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Pond Lab 307, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 11 TC 62 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 4 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PD OCT 26 PY 1999 VL 21 IS 2 BP 782 EP 791 DI 10.1137/S1064827597329266 PG 10 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 254JL UT WOS:000083608100019 ER PT J AU Gao, HJ Chen, CL Rafferty, B Pennycook, SJ Luo, GP Chu, CW AF Gao, HJ Chen, CL Rafferty, B Pennycook, SJ Luo, GP Chu, CW TI Atomic structure of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films on LaAlO3 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Perovskite barium strontium titanate Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3(BST) thin films were grown on (001) LaAlO3 (LAO) using pulsed-laser ablation. The microstructures of the as-grown BST films were studied with selected electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The BST thin films are oriented with their [001] directions parallel to the < 102 > directions of the LAO. Both cross-sectional and plan-view studies show the BST films to be single crystals with smooth surfaces. The interfaces were seen to be atomically sharp by cross-sectional, high-resolution electron microscopy. The density of misfit dislocations was consistent with the 4.3% lattice mismatch, and they were found to be dissociated into partials. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)00443-X]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Gao, HJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 17 BP 2542 EP 2544 DI 10.1063/1.125071 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 246VQ UT WOS:000083185900008 ER PT J AU Cao, XA Pearton, SJ Zhang, AP Dang, GT Ren, F Shul, RJ Zhang, L Hickman, R Van Hove, JM AF Cao, XA Pearton, SJ Zhang, AP Dang, GT Ren, F Shul, RJ Zhang, L Hickman, R Van Hove, JM TI Electrical effects of plasma damage in p-GaN SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEVICES AB The reverse breakdown voltage of p-GaN Schottky diodes was used to measure the electrical effects of high density Ar or H-2 plasma exposure. The near surface of the p-GaN became more compensated through introduction of shallow donor states whose concentration depended on ion flux, ion energy, and ion mass. At high fluxes or energies, the donor concentration exceeded 10(19) cm(-3) and produced p-to-n surface conversion. The damage depth was established as similar to 400 Angstrom based on electrical and wet etch rate measurements. Rapid thermal annealing at 900 degrees C under a N-2 ambient restored the initial electrical properties of the p-GaN. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)00343-5]. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Chem Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Blue Lotus Micro Devices, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. RP Cao, XA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 26 TC 127 Z9 128 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 17 BP 2569 EP 2571 DI 10.1063/1.125080 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 246VQ UT WOS:000083185900017 ER PT J AU Gregory, RB Wetteroth, TA Wilson, SR Holland, OW Thomas, DK AF Gregory, RB Wetteroth, TA Wilson, SR Holland, OW Thomas, DK TI Effects of irradiation temperature and dose on exfoliation of H+-implanted silicon carbide SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN AB H+ implantation of SiC is the basis for a thin-film transfer process, which when combined with oxidation and hydrophilic wafer bonding, can be exploited to produce silicon carbide-on-insulator material useful as a wide-band-gap semiconductor. This thin-film transfer process has been successfully applied to Si to produce a commercial silicon-on-insulator material. The efficacy of hydrogen to produce thin-film separation was studied by investigation of H+-induced exfoliation in implanted SiC. Results showed that the onset and degree of exfoliation of SiC depends initially upon the concentration of implanted H+. However, the dose dependence of exfoliation exhibits a rather marked retrograde behavior. The degree of exfoliation eventually starts to decrease with increasing ion dose until exfoliation is completely suppressed. This behavior is attributed to a competition between the positive effects of hydrogen on exfoliation and the negative effects of ion-induced damage. Experiments were done to isolate the effects of the hydrogen-silicon chemistry from that of implant damage. Damage is reduced independently of H+ dosage by elevating the temperature of the SiC during implant in order to promote dynamic annealing. This will be shown to have a dramatic effect upon exfoliation. The "hot" implant lowers the H+ fluence required to affect thin-film separation, making the process more efficient, and producing SiC material with fewer defects. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)05043-3]. C1 Motorola Inc, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Motorola Inc, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. EM hn2@ornl.gov NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 17 BP 2623 EP 2625 DI 10.1063/1.125098 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 246VQ UT WOS:000083185900035 ER PT J AU Dimitrijevic, S Withers, JC Mammana, VP Monteiro, OR Ager, JW Brown, IG AF Dimitrijevic, S Withers, JC Mammana, VP Monteiro, OR Ager, JW Brown, IG TI Electron emission from films of carbon nanotubes and ta-C coated nanotubes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EMISSION; DLC FILMS; EMITTERS AB The field emission properties of multiwall carbon nanotube films with and without a coating of tetrahedrally bonded amorphous carbon (ta-C) were investigated. Voltage thresholds of 2.4 V/mu m for uncoated films and 1.5 V/mu m for ta-C coated films were found. The results for the uncoated films are in good agreement with previous measurements of field emission from carbon nanotubes. The effect of the ta-C coating on the emission properties is discussed in light of current field emission models. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. pS0003-6951(99)02043-4]. C1 MER Corp, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dimitrijevic, S (reprint author), MER Corp, 7960 S Kolb Rd, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. OI Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 22 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 17 BP 2680 EP 2682 DI 10.1063/1.125122 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 246VQ UT WOS:000083185900054 ER PT J AU Gibson, JK Haire, RG AF Gibson, JK Haire, RG TI High-energy organometallic chemistry of curium: Laser ablation of Cm7O12 dispersed in polyimide SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROCARBONS; REACTIVITY; DICARBIDE; ACTINIDE; ALKENES; ION AB Gas-phase curium organometallic ions were synthesized by metal/polymer co-ablation. Vacuum laser ablation of a dilute dispersion of curium oxide in polyimide resulted in several organocurium ions, evidently formed by nucleation of Cm+ and various neutral polymer fragment radicals in the ablation plume. The compositions and abundances of simple species such as CmC2+, CmC2H+, and CmCN+, can be rationalized on the basis of the electronic structure and energetics of the curium ion, Cm+. The results for curium are in accord with a general thermochemical model previously employed to understand the organometallic speciation of preceding actinides. The identification of the above-specified species, along with several larger organocurium ions, extends the realm of organoactinide chemistry; specifically, it represents identification of a series of unique curium complexes which presumably incorporate substantially covalent (sigma) Cm-C bonding. Also identified in the ablation plume were small clusters incorporating two or three curium atoms. Simple clusters, such as Cm3O4+, reveal a trivalent, lanthanide-like character for curium and reflect the tendency toward bulk, solid-state chemical behavior upon coalescence of only a few atoms. Finally, a notable ancillary observation was the formation of several clusters in which C-2 evidently substituted sequentially for an O atom, revealing the pseudo-oxygen character of the dicarbide moiety. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gibson, JK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 18 IS 22 BP 4471 EP 4477 DI 10.1021/om990397j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 255DR UT WOS:000083654700003 ER PT J AU Link, B Epstein, RI Lattimer, JM AF Link, B Epstein, RI Lattimer, JM TI Pulsar constraints on neutron star structure and equation of state SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRAB PULSAR; NUCLEON MATTER; VORTEX CREEP; VELA PULSAR; SPIN-UP; GLITCHES; SUPERFLUIDITY; DYNAMICS AB With the aim of constraining the structural properties of neutron stars and the equation of state of dense matter, we study sudden spin-ups, glitches, occurring in the Vela pulsar and in six other pulsars. We present evidence that glitches represent a self-regulating instability for which the star prepares over a waiting time. The angular momentum requirements of glitches in Vela indicate that greater than or equal to 1.4% Of the star's moment of inertia drives these events. If glitches originate in the liquid of the inner crust, Vela's "radiation radius" R(infinity) must exceed similar or equal to 12 km for a mass of 1.4M(.). Observational tests of whether other neutron stars obey this constraint will be possible in the near future. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. RP Link, B (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM blink@dante.physics.montana.edu; epstein@lanl.gov; lattimer@astro.sunysb.edu NR 31 TC 146 Z9 149 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 17 BP 3362 EP 3365 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3362 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 247VZ UT WOS:000083242800005 ER PT J AU Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Bigongiari, C Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blusk, S Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Cihangir, S Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Connolly, A Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M da Costa, JG Costanzo, D Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, H Fukui, Y Gadomski, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Gold, M Goldstein, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Green, C Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kirk, M Kim, BJ Kim, HS Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knoblauch, D Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Meschi, E Mesropian, C Miao, C Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Musy, M Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakaya, T Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nicolaidi, P Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parri, A Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Takano, T Tannenbaum, B Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vologouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Watanabe, T Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Affolder, T Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amaral, P Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bailey, MW Bailey, S de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Bedeschi, F Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Bigongiari, C Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blusk, S Bocci, A Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Brandl, A van den Brink, S Bromberg, C Bruner, N Buckley-Geer, E Budagov, J Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlson, J Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chang, PS Chang, PT Chapman, J Chen, C Chen, YC Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chirikov-Zorin, I Chlachidze, G Chlebana, F Christofek, L Chu, ML Cihangir, S Ciobanu, CI Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Connolly, A Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M da Costa, JG Costanzo, D Cronin-Hennessy, D Cropp, R Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Engels, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, H Fukui, Y Gadomski, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Gao, T Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gatti, P Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giromini, P Glagolev, V Gold, M Goldstein, J Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Green, C Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guenther, M Guillian, G Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hall, C Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hatakeyama, K Hauser, J Heinrich, J Heiss, A Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Jones, M Joshi, U Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kelly, M Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kirk, M Kim, BJ Kim, HS Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knoblauch, D Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lai, N Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Lee, AM Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Madrak, R Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Malferrari, L Mangano, M Mariotti, M Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McFarland, KS McIntyre, P McKigney, E Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Meschi, E Mesropian, C Miao, C Miao, T Miller, R Miller, JS Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Moggi, N Moore, E Moore, R Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Musy, M Nachtman, J Nahn, S Nakada, H Nakaya, T Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nicolaidi, P Niu, H Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okusawa, T Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Palmonari, F Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parri, A Partos, D Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Pope, G Prokoshin, F Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Rossin, R Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Savard, P Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Schmitt, M Scodellaro, L Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semenov, A Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Slaughter, AJ Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Solodsky, A Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Takano, T Tannenbaum, B Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thurman-Keup, R Tipton, P Tkaczyk, S Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Ukegawa, F Valls, J Vejcik, S Velev, G Vidal, R Vilar, R Vologouev, I Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Watanabe, T Watts, T Webb, R Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolbers, S Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Yu, S Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for the flavor-changing neutral current decays B+ -> mu(+)mu K--(+) and B-0 -> mu(+)mu K--(*0) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; STANDARD MODEL; CDF; B->K-ASTERISK-L(+)L(-); B->K(ASTERISK)L(+)L(-); B->KL(+)L(-); DETECTOR; PHYSICS; QCD AB We report on a search for the flavor-changing neutral current decays B+-->mu(+)mu(-)K(+) and B-0 --> mu(+)mu(-) K-*0 using 88 pb(-1) of data from (p) over bar p collisions at root s = 1.8 TeV, collected with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Finding no evidence for these decays, we set upper limits on the branching fractions B(B+ -->mu(+)mu(-)K(+)) < 5.2 x 10(-6) and B(B-0 --> mu(+) mu(-) K-*0) < 4.0 x 10(-6) at the 90% confidence level. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei 11529, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Cantabria, Inst Fis Cantabria, E-39005 Santander, Spain. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Korean Hadron Collider Lab, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Trieste Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Chang, PT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Scodellaro, Luca/K-9091-2014; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; vilar, rocio/D-7454-2014; Prokoshin, Fedor/E-2795-2012 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Scodellaro, Luca/0000-0002-4974-8330; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Prokoshin, Fedor/0000-0001-6389-5399 NR 23 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 17 BP 3378 EP 3383 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3378 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 247VZ UT WOS:000083242800009 ER PT J AU Abe, K Abe, K Abe, T Adam, I Akagi, T Allen, NJ Arodzero, A Ash, WW Aston, D Baird, KG Baltay, C Band, HR Barakat, MB Bardon, O Barklow, TL Bashindzhagyan, GL Bauer, JM Bellodi, G Ben-David, R Benvenuti, AC Bilei, GM Bisello, D Blaylock, G Bogart, JR Bolen, B Bower, GR Brau, JE Breidenbach, M Bugg, WM Burke, D Burnett, TH Burrows, PN Byrne, RM Calcaterra, A Calloway, D Camanzi, B Carpinelli, M Cassell, R Castaldi, R Castro, A Cavalli-Sforza, M Chou, A Church, E Cohn, HO Coller, JA Convery, MR Cook, V Cotton, R Cowan, RF Coyne, DG Crawford, G Damerell, CJS Danielson, MN Daoudi, M de Groot, N Dell'Orso, R Dervan, PJ de Sangro, R Dima, M D'Oliveira, A Dong, DN Doser, M Dubois, R Eisenstein, BI Eschenburg, V Etzion, E Fahey, S Falciai, D Fan, C Fernandez, JP Fero, MJ Flood, K Frey, R Gillman, T Gladding, G Gonzalez, S Goodman, ER Hart, EL Harton, JL Hasan, A Hasuko, K Hedges, SJ Hertzbach, SS Hildreth, MD Huber, J Huffer, ME Hughes, EW Huynh, X Hwang, H Iwasaki, M Jackson, DJ Jacques, P Jaros, JA Jiang, ZY Johnson, AS Johnson, JR Johnson, RA Junk, T Kajikawa, R Kalelkar, M Kamyshkov, Y Kang, HJ Karliner, I Kawahara, H Kim, YD King, R King, ME Kofler, RR Krishna, NM Kroeger, RS Langston, M Lath, A Leith, DWG Lia, V Lin, CJS Liu, X Liu, MX Loreti, M Lu, A Lynch, HL Ma, J Mahjouri, H Mancinelli, G Manly, S Mantovani, G Markiewicz, TW Maruyama, T Masuda, H Mazzucato, E McKemey, AK Meadows, BT Menegatti, G Messner, R Mockett, PM Moffeit, KC Moore, TB Morii, M Muller, D Murzin, V Nagamine, T Narita, S Nauenberg, U Neal, H Nussbaum, M Oishi, N Onoprienko, D Osborne, LS Panvini, RS Park, H Park, CH Pavel, TJ Peruzzi, I Piccolo, M Piemontese, L Pieroni, E Pitts, KT Plano, RJ Prepost, R Prescott, CY Punkar, GD Quigley, J Ratcliff, BN Reeves, TW Reidy, J Reinertsen, PL Rensing, PE Rochester, LS Rowson, PC Russell, JJ Saxton, OH Schalk, T Schindler, RH Schumm, BA Schwiening, J Sen, S Serbo, VV Shaevitz, MH Shank, JT Shapiro, G Sherden, DJ Shmakov, KD Simopoulos, C Sinev, NB Smith, SR Smy, MB Snyder, JA Staengle, H Stahl, A Stamer, P Steiner, R Steiner, H Strauss, MG Su, D Suekane, F Sugiyama, A Suzuki, S Swartz, M Szumilo, A Takahashi, T Taylor, FE Thom, J Torrence, E Toumbas, NK Usher, T Vannini, C Va'vra, J Vella, E Venuti, JP Verdier, R Verdini, PG Wagner, SR Wagner, DL Waite, AP Walston, S Wang, J Ward, C Watts, SJ Weidemann, AW Weiss, ER Whitaker, JS White, SL Wickens, FJ Williams, B Williams, DC Williams, SH Willocq, S Wilson, RJ Wisniewski, WJ Wittlin, JL Woods, M Word, GB Wright, TR Wyss, J Yamamoto, RK Yamartino, JH Yang, X Yashima, J Yellin, SJ Young, CC Yuta, H Zapalac, G Zdarko, RW Zhou, J AF Abe, K Abe, K Abe, T Adam, I Akagi, T Allen, NJ Arodzero, A Ash, WW Aston, D Baird, KG Baltay, C Band, HR Barakat, MB Bardon, O Barklow, TL Bashindzhagyan, GL Bauer, JM Bellodi, G Ben-David, R Benvenuti, AC Bilei, GM Bisello, D Blaylock, G Bogart, JR Bolen, B Bower, GR Brau, JE Breidenbach, M Bugg, WM Burke, D Burnett, TH Burrows, PN Byrne, RM Calcaterra, A Calloway, D Camanzi, B Carpinelli, M Cassell, R Castaldi, R Castro, A Cavalli-Sforza, M Chou, A Church, E Cohn, HO Coller, JA Convery, MR Cook, V Cotton, R Cowan, RF Coyne, DG Crawford, G Damerell, CJS Danielson, MN Daoudi, M de Groot, N Dell'Orso, R Dervan, PJ de Sangro, R Dima, M D'Oliveira, A Dong, DN Doser, M Dubois, R Eisenstein, BI Eschenburg, V Etzion, E Fahey, S Falciai, D Fan, C Fernandez, JP Fero, MJ Flood, K Frey, R Gillman, T Gladding, G Gonzalez, S Goodman, ER Hart, EL Harton, JL Hasan, A Hasuko, K Hedges, SJ Hertzbach, SS Hildreth, MD Huber, J Huffer, ME Hughes, EW Huynh, X Hwang, H Iwasaki, M Jackson, DJ Jacques, P Jaros, JA Jiang, ZY Johnson, AS Johnson, JR Johnson, RA Junk, T Kajikawa, R Kalelkar, M Kamyshkov, Y Kang, HJ Karliner, I Kawahara, H Kim, YD King, R King, ME Kofler, RR Krishna, NM Kroeger, RS Langston, M Lath, A Leith, DWG Lia, V Lin, CJS Liu, X Liu, MX Loreti, M Lu, A Lynch, HL Ma, J Mahjouri, H Mancinelli, G Manly, S Mantovani, G Markiewicz, TW Maruyama, T Masuda, H Mazzucato, E McKemey, AK Meadows, BT Menegatti, G Messner, R Mockett, PM Moffeit, KC Moore, TB Morii, M Muller, D Murzin, V Nagamine, T Narita, S Nauenberg, U Neal, H Nussbaum, M Oishi, N Onoprienko, D Osborne, LS Panvini, RS Park, H Park, CH Pavel, TJ Peruzzi, I Piccolo, M Piemontese, L Pieroni, E Pitts, KT Plano, RJ Prepost, R Prescott, CY Punkar, GD Quigley, J Ratcliff, BN Reeves, TW Reidy, J Reinertsen, PL Rensing, PE Rochester, LS Rowson, PC Russell, JJ Saxton, OH Schalk, T Schindler, RH Schumm, BA Schwiening, J Sen, S Serbo, VV Shaevitz, MH Shank, JT Shapiro, G Sherden, DJ Shmakov, KD Simopoulos, C Sinev, NB Smith, SR Smy, MB Snyder, JA Staengle, H Stahl, A Stamer, P Steiner, R Steiner, H Strauss, MG Su, D Suekane, F Sugiyama, A Suzuki, S Swartz, M Szumilo, A Takahashi, T Taylor, FE Thom, J Torrence, E Toumbas, NK Usher, T Vannini, C Va'vra, J Vella, E Venuti, JP Verdier, R Verdini, PG Wagner, SR Wagner, DL Waite, AP Walston, S Wang, J Ward, C Watts, SJ Weidemann, AW Weiss, ER Whitaker, JS White, SL Wickens, FJ Williams, B Williams, DC Williams, SH Willocq, S Wilson, RJ Wisniewski, WJ Wittlin, JL Woods, M Word, GB Wright, TR Wyss, J Yamamoto, RK Yamartino, JH Yang, X Yashima, J Yellin, SJ Young, CC Yuta, H Zapalac, G Zdarko, RW Zhou, J CA SLD Collaboration TI Direct measurement of A(b) and A(c) at the Z(0) pole using a lepton tag SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARITY-VIOLATION; QUARK; PARAMETERS; ASYMMETRY; RESONANCE; DECAY AB The parity violation parameters A(b) and A(c) of the Zb (b) over bar and Zc (c) over bar couplings have been measured directly, using the polar angle dependence of the Z(0)-pole polarized cross sections. Bottom and charmed hadrons were tagged via semileptonic decays. Both the muon and electron identification algorithms take advantage of new multivariate techniques, incorporating for the first time information from the SLD Cerenkov Ring Imaging Detector. Based on the 1993-1995 SLD sample of 150 000 Z(0) decays produced with highly polarized electron beams, we measure A(b) = 0.910 +/- 0.068(stat) +/- 0.037(syst), A(c) = 0.642 +/- 0.110(stat) +/- 0.063(syst). C1 Nagoya Univ, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. Adelphi Univ, Garden City, NY 11530 USA. Aomori Univ, Aomori 030, Japan. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10533 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Univ Ferrara, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21153 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, I-56010 Pisa, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Sogang Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Soongsil Univ, Seoul 156743, South Korea. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Steiner, R (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464, Japan. RI de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; Stahl, Achim/E-8846-2011; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Kamyshkov, Yuri/J-7999-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; OI Stahl, Achim/0000-0002-8369-7506; de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Kamyshkov, Yuri/0000-0002-3789-7152; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Wilson, Robert/0000-0002-8184-4103 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 17 BP 3384 EP 3389 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3384 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 247VZ UT WOS:000083242800010 ER PT J AU Alexander, JP Baker, R Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Crowcroft, DS Dickson, M von Dombrowski, S Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Kreinick, DL Lee, T Liu, Y Meyer, TO Mistry, NB Ng, CR Nordberg, E Ogg, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Thayer, JG Thies, PG Valant-Spaight, B Warburton, A Ward, C Athanas, M Avery, P Jones, CD Lohner, M Prescott, C Rubiera, AI Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Briere, RA Ershov, A Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Browder, TE Li, Y Rodriguez, JL Yamamoto, H Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Palmer, M Plager, C Sedlack, C Selen, M Thaler, JJ Williams, J Edwards, KW Janicek, R Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Baringer, P Bean, A Besson, D Coppage, D Davis, R Kotov, S Kravchenko, I Kwak, N Zhao, X Zhou, L Anderson, S Frolov, VV Kubota, Y Lee, SJ Mahapatra, R O'Neill, JJ Poling, R Riehle, T Smith, A Alam, MS Athar, SB Mahmood, AH Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Duboscq, JE Gan, KK Gwon, C Hart, T Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Lorenc, J Schwarthoff, H von Toerne, E Zoeller, MM Richichi, SJ Severini, H Skubic, P Undrus, A Bishai, M Chen, S Fast, J Hinson, JW Lee, J Menon, N Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Glenn, S Kwon, Y Lyon, AL Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Lingel, K Marsiske, H Perl, ML Savinov, V Ugolini, D Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Korolkov, I Maravin, Y Narsky, T Stroynowski, R Ye, J Wlodek, T Artuso, M Ayad, R Dambasuren, E Kopp, S Majumder, G Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Titov, A Viehhauser, G Wang, JC Csorna, SE McLean, KW Marka, S Xu, Z Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Pomianowski, P Schrenk, S Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Greene, R Perera, LP Zhou, GJ Chan, S Eigen, G Lipeles, E Schmidtler, M Shapiro, A Sun, WM Urheim, J Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Jaffe, DE Masek, G Paar, HP Potter, EM Prell, S Sharma, V Asner, DM Eppich, A Gronberg, J Hill, TS Lange, DJ Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Nelson, TK Richman, JD Roberts, D Behrens, BH Ford, WT Gritsan, A Krieg, H Roy, J Smith, JG AF Alexander, JP Baker, R Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Crowcroft, DS Dickson, M von Dombrowski, S Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Kreinick, DL Lee, T Liu, Y Meyer, TO Mistry, NB Ng, CR Nordberg, E Ogg, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Thayer, JG Thies, PG Valant-Spaight, B Warburton, A Ward, C Athanas, M Avery, P Jones, CD Lohner, M Prescott, C Rubiera, AI Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Briere, RA Ershov, A Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Browder, TE Li, Y Rodriguez, JL Yamamoto, H Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Palmer, M Plager, C Sedlack, C Selen, M Thaler, JJ Williams, J Edwards, KW Janicek, R Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Baringer, P Bean, A Besson, D Coppage, D Davis, R Kotov, S Kravchenko, I Kwak, N Zhao, X Zhou, L Anderson, S Frolov, VV Kubota, Y Lee, SJ Mahapatra, R O'Neill, JJ Poling, R Riehle, T Smith, A Alam, MS Athar, SB Mahmood, AH Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Duboscq, JE Gan, KK Gwon, C Hart, T Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Lorenc, J Schwarthoff, H von Toerne, E Zoeller, MM Richichi, SJ Severini, H Skubic, P Undrus, A Bishai, M Chen, S Fast, J Hinson, JW Lee, J Menon, N Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Glenn, S Kwon, Y Lyon, AL Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Lingel, K Marsiske, H Perl, ML Savinov, V Ugolini, D Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Korolkov, I Maravin, Y Narsky, T Stroynowski, R Ye, J Wlodek, T Artuso, M Ayad, R Dambasuren, E Kopp, S Majumder, G Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Titov, A Viehhauser, G Wang, JC Csorna, SE McLean, KW Marka, S Xu, Z Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Pomianowski, P Schrenk, S Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Greene, R Perera, LP Zhou, GJ Chan, S Eigen, G Lipeles, E Schmidtler, M Shapiro, A Sun, WM Urheim, J Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Jaffe, DE Masek, G Paar, HP Potter, EM Prell, S Sharma, V Asner, DM Eppich, A Gronberg, J Hill, TS Lange, DJ Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Nelson, TK Richman, JD Roberts, D Behrens, BH Ford, WT Gritsan, A Krieg, H Roy, J Smith, JG CA CLEO Collaboration TI Evidence of new states decaying into Xi(*)(c)pi SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUARK-MODEL; BARYONS AB Using data recorded by the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we report evidence for two new charmed baryons, one decaying into Xi(c)(+) pi(+) pi(-) via an a intermediate Xi(c)(*o) and its isospin partner decaying into Xi(c)(o)pi(+)pi(-) via an intermediate Xi(c)(*+). We measure the mass differences of the two states to be M(Xi(c)(+)pi(+)pi(-)) - M(Xi(c)(+)) = 348.6 +/- 0.6 +/- 1.0 MeV, and M(Xi(c)(o)pi(+)pi(-)) - M(Xi(c)(o)) = 347.2 +/- 0.7 +/- 2.0 MeV. We interpret these new sates as the J(P) = 3(-)/2 Xi(cl) particles, the charmed-strange analogs of the Lambda(cl)(+)(2625). C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Inst Particle Phys, Ottawa, ON, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Ithaca Coll, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Alexander, JP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RI Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Briere, Roy/N-7819-2014 OI Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Briere, Roy/0000-0001-5229-1039 NR 15 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 17 BP 3390 EP 3393 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3390 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 247VZ UT WOS:000083242800011 ER PT J AU Wang, XB Wang, LS AF Wang, XB Wang, LS TI Experimental search for the smallest stable multiply charged anions in the gas phase SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IONS; SPECTROSCOPY; STABILITY; CHEMISTRY; SO4(2-); SYSTEMS AB An extensive experimental search for the smallest stable gaseous multiply charged anions (MCAs) was pursued. Four penta-atomic dianions, PtX42- and PdX42- (X = Cl,Br), were found to be the smallest observable using an electrospray ion source. Photodetachment experiments revealed, however, that PtCl42- and PtBr42- are electronically metastable with negative electron-binding energies. PdCl42- and PdBr42- were found to be electronically stable, but thermodynamically unstable against fragmentation. Lifetimes were estimated using an ion-trap technique for the four observed metastable MCAs, providing further insight into their electronic and thermodynamic stability. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, XB (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ls.wang@pnl.gov NR 28 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 17 BP 3402 EP 3405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 247VZ UT WOS:000083242800014 ER PT J AU Espinosa, FJ de Leon, JM Conradson, SD Pena, JL Zapata-Torres, M AF Espinosa, FJ de Leon, JM Conradson, SD Pena, JL Zapata-Torres, M TI Observation of a photoinduced lattice relaxation in CdTe : In SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; DX-CENTERS; THIN-FILMS; COMPENSATION; INSTABILITY; SILICON; LAYERS; DONORS; ZNTE; GAAS AB The local atomic structure of CdTe:In at an In concentration of 6 at. % was investigated by x-ray absorption spectroscopy before and after photoexcitation at 80 K. After photoexcitation, In K edge spectra change in both the near-edge and x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) regions, showing a change in local structure. Cd and Te structural parameters are consistent with the structure of CdTe and did not change after photoexcitation. For In, only the first shell contribution is present in the XAFS, indicating a disordered environment beyond the first shell of neighbors. The relation of these observations with the proposed model of a DX center for CdTe:In is discussed. C1 CINVESTAV, Unidad Merida, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Espinosa, FJ (reprint author), CINVESTAV, Unidad Merida, Merida 97310, Yucatan, Mexico. RI Mustre de Leon, Jose/B-5630-2009 OI Mustre de Leon, Jose/0000-0002-0513-2323 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 17 BP 3446 EP 3449 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3446 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 247VZ UT WOS:000083242800025 ER PT J AU Hamad, KS Roth, R Rockenberger, J van Buuren, T Alivisatos, AP AF Hamad, KS Roth, R Rockenberger, J van Buuren, T Alivisatos, AP TI Structural disorder in colloidal InAs and CdSe nanocrystals observed by X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM DOTS; SIZE DEPENDENCE; FINE-STRUCTURE; BUILT-UP; SURFACE; GROWTH; CLUSTERS; CORE; NANOPARTICLES; PARTICLES AB We report the observation of size dependent structural disorder by x-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) in InAs and CdSe nanocrystals 17-80 Angstrom in diameter. XANES of the in and Cd M-4,M-5 edges yields features that are sharp for the bulk solid but broaden considerably as the size of the particle decreases. FEFF7 multiple-scattering simulations reproduce the size dependent broadening of the spectra if a bulklike surface reconstruction of a spherical nanocrystal model is included. This illustrates that XANES is sensitive to the structure of the entire nanocrystal including the surface. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hamad, KS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 37 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 17 BP 3474 EP 3477 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3474 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 247VZ UT WOS:000083242800032 ER PT J AU Ostreich, T Sham, LJ AF Ostreich, T Sham, LJ TI Collective oscillations driven by correlation in the nonlinear optical regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCITON-EXCITON CORRELATION; SOLITON-LIKE PROPAGATION; SEMICONDUCTORS AB We present an analytical and numerical study of the coherent exciton polarization including exciton-exciton correlation. The time evolution after excitation with ultrashort optical pulses can be divided into a slowly varying polarization component and novel ultrafast collective modes. The frequency and damping of the collective modes are determined by the high-frequency properties of the retarded two-exciton correlation function, which includes Coulomb effects beyond the mean-held approximation. The overall time evolution depends on the low-frequency spectral behavior. The collective mode, well separated from the slower coherent density evolution, manifests itself in the coherent emission of a resonantly excited excitonic system, as demonstrated numerically. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ostreich, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Sham, Lu/0000-0001-5718-2077 NR 26 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 17 BP 3510 EP 3513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3510 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 247VZ UT WOS:000083242800041 ER PT J AU Faulkner, JS Wang, Y Stocks, GM AF Faulkner, JS Wang, Y Stocks, GM TI Comment on "Core level shifts in metallic alloys" - Reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 Florida Atlantic Univ, Alloy Res Ctr, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Phys, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. Pittsburgh Supercomp Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Faulkner, JS (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Alloy Res Ctr, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. RI Stocks, George Malcollm/Q-1251-2016 OI Stocks, George Malcollm/0000-0002-9013-260X NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 17 BP 3572 EP 3572 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3572 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 247VZ UT WOS:000083242800058 ER PT J AU Kang, BW Wu, JZ Kang, WN Chen, QY Chu, WK Christen, DK Kerchner, R AF Kang, BW Wu, JZ Kang, WN Chen, QY Chu, WK Christen, DK Kerchner, R TI Effect of in-plane vortex coupling on Hall conductivity in high-T-c superconducting thin films SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article DE high-T-c superconductors; vortex; pinning; coupling; Hall conductivity ID PINNING STRENGTH DEPENDENCE; YBA2CU3O7 CRYSTALS; COLUMNAR DEFECTS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; BEHAVIOR; RESISTIVITY; ANISOTROPY AB The controversial pinning dependence of the Hall conductivity (sigma(xy)) is studied in the vortex-liquid phase of high-T-c superconducting thin films. A strong pinning dependence of sigma(xy) is found to be triggered by a crossover from a regular liquid to the glassy liquid (GL) when vortices remain coupled in ab-plane. This result suggests that a non-linear effect in the GL region needs to be considered to account for the behavior of sigma(xy) in the whole vortex-liquid phase. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconduct, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kang, BW (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Phys & Astron, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 262 IS 1 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(99)00664-7 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 251ZY UT WOS:000083477300015 ER PT J AU Streli, C Kregsamer, P Wobrauschek, P Gatterbauer, H Pianetta, P Pahlke, S Fabry, L Palmetshofer, L Schmeling, M AF Streli, C Kregsamer, P Wobrauschek, P Gatterbauer, H Pianetta, P Pahlke, S Fabry, L Palmetshofer, L Schmeling, M TI Low Z total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis - challenges and answers SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Conference on Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis and Related Methods (TXRF 98) CY SEP, 1998 CL AUSTIN, TEXAS DE total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis; TXRF; energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis; EDXRF; synchrotron radiation; low-Z elements ID LIGHT-ELEMENTS; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; SPECTROMETRY; SAMPLES; SURFACE AB Low Z elements, like C, O,... Al are difficult to measure, due to the lack of suitable low-energy photons for efficient excitation using standard X-ray tubes, as well as difficult to detect with an energy dispersive detector, if the entrance window is not thin enough. Special excitation sources and special energy dispersive detectors are required to increase the sensitivity and to increase the detected fluorescence signal and so to improve the detection limits. Synchrotron radiation, due to its features like high intensity and wide spectral range covering also the low-energy region, is the ideal source for TXRF, especially of low-Z elements. Experiments at a specific beamline (BL 3-4) at SSRL, Stanford, designed for the exclusive use of low-energy photons has been used as an excitation source. Detection limits < 100 fg for Al, Mg and Na have been achieved using quasimonochromatic radiation of 1.7 keV. A Ge(HP) detector with an ultra-thin NORWAR entrance window is used. One application is the determination of low-Z surface contamination on Si-wafers. Sodium, as well as Al, are elements of interest for the semiconductor industry, both influencing the yield of ICs negatively. A detection capacity of 10(10) atoms/cm(2) is required which can be reached using synchrotron radiation as excitation source. Another promising application is the determination of low-Z atoms implanted in Si wafers. Sodium, Mg and Al were implanted in Si-wafers at various depths. From measuring the dependence of the fluorescence signal on the glancing angle, characteristic shapes corresponding to the depth profile and the relevant implantation depth are found. Calculations are compared with measurements. Finally, aerosols sampled on polycarbonate plates in a Battelle impactor were analyzed with LZ-TXRF using multilayer monochromatized Cr-K alpha radiation from a 1300-W fine-focus tube for excitation. Results are presented. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Osterreich Univ, Atominst, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Wacker Siltron, Burghausen, Germany. Univ Linz, Inst Halbleiter & Festkorperphys, A-4040 Linz, Austria. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Streli, C (reprint author), Osterreich Univ, Atominst, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. OI Streli, Christina/0000-0002-5141-3177 NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD OCT 25 PY 1999 VL 54 IS 10 BP 1433 EP 1441 DI 10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00069-5 PG 9 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 251FH UT WOS:000083433600007 ER PT J AU Peterka, DS Ahmed, M Ng, CY Suits, AG AF Peterka, DS Ahmed, M Ng, CY Suits, AG TI Dissociative photoionization dynamics of SF6 by ion imaging with synchrotron undulator radiation SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VALENCE ELECTRONIC STATES; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ENERGY-RELEASE; FRAGMENTATION; SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION; ANISOTROPY; MOLECULES; CF3I AB The technique of photofragment imaging, widely used in the study of neutral photochemistry, has been adapted to use on a vacuum ultraviolet undulator beamline at the advanced light source, affording a new approach to the study of dissociative ionization processes. The technique allows direct inversion of the raw data to yield angular and translational energy distributions for the product ions. The method is applied here to study the dissociative ionization of SF, at photon energies from 15 to 28 eV. The experiment allows for detailed characterization of the angular and translational energy distributions of the fragments, providing insight into the decay mechanisms of these excited ionic states. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Suits, AG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009 NR 24 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 22 PY 1999 VL 312 IS 2-4 BP 108 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00918-5 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 251LQ UT WOS:000083447500007 ER PT J AU Peterson, KA Skokov, S Bowman, JM AF Peterson, KA Skokov, S Bowman, JM TI A theoretical study of the vibrational energy spectrum of the HOCl/HClO system on an accurate ab initio potential energy surface SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; LASER-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; MANY-MODE SYSTEMS; UNIMOLECULAR DISSOCIATION; INTRAMOLECULAR DYNAMICS; EQUILIBRIUM STRUCTURE; HYPOCHLOROUS ACID; ROTATION SPECTRA; WAVE-FUNCTIONS AB A new, global analytical potential energy surface is constructed for the X (1)A(') electronic ground state of HOCl that accurately includes the HClO isomer. The potential is obtained by using accurate ab initio data from a previously published surface [Skokov , J. Chem. Phys. 109, 2662 (1998)], as well as a significant number of new data for the HClO region of the surface at the same multireference configuration interaction, complete basis set limit level of theory. Vibrational energy levels and intensities are computed for both HOCl and HClO up to the OH+Cl dissociation limit and above the isomerization barrier. After making only minor adjustments to the ab initio surface, the errors with respect to experiment for HOCl are generally within a few cm(-1) for 22 vibrational levels with the largest error being 26 cm(-1). A total of 813 bound vibrational states are calculated for HOCl. The HClO potential well supports 57 localized states, of which only the first 3 are bound. The strongest dipole transitions for HClO were computed for the fundamentals-33, 2.9, and 25 km/mol for nu(1), nu(2), and nu(3), respectively. From exact J = 1 ro-vibrational calculations, state dependent rotational constants have been calculated for HClO. Lastly, resonance calculations with the new potential demonstrate that the presence of the HClO minimum has a negligible effect on the resonance states of HOCl near the dissociation threshold due to the relatively high and wide isomerization barrier. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(99)00340-2]. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Cherry L Emerson Ctr Sci Computat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Peterson, KA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 56 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 16 BP 7446 EP 7456 DI 10.1063/1.480069 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 244LG UT WOS:000083052100032 ER PT J AU Anderson, CR Coker, DF Eckert, J Bug, ALR AF Anderson, CR Coker, DF Eckert, J Bug, ALR TI Computational study of molecular hydrogen in zeolite Na-A. I. Potential energy surfaces and thermodynamic separation factors for ortho and para hydrogen SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ROTATIONAL RAMAN-SPECTRUM; VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCY-SHIFTS; MONTE-CARLO METHOD; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; HINDERED ROTATION; WATER DIMER; H-2; ADSORPTION; DYNAMICS; METHANE AB We simulate H-2 adsorbed within zeolite Na-A. We use a block Lanczos procedure to generate the first several (9) rotational eigenstates of the molecule, which is modeled as a rigid, quantum rotor with an anisotropic polarizability and quadrupole moment. The rotor interacts with Na cations and O anions; interaction parameters are chosen semiempirically and the truncation of electrostatic fields is handled with a switching function. A Monte Carlo proceedure is used to sample a set of states based on the canonical distribution. Potential energy surfaces, favorable adsorbtion sites, and distributions of barriers to rotation are analyzed. Separation factors for ortho-parahydrogen are calculated; at low temperatures, these are controlled by the ease of rotational tunneling through barriers. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. C1 Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bug, ALR (reprint author), Swarthmore Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. RI Garcia-Sanchez, Almudena/B-3303-2009 NR 104 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD OCT 22 PY 1999 VL 111 IS 16 BP 7599 EP 7613 DI 10.1063/1.480104 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 244LG UT WOS:000083052100050 ER PT J AU Stroschein, SL Wang, W Zhou, SL Zhou, Q Luo, KX AF Stroschein, SL Wang, W Zhou, SL Zhou, Q Luo, KX TI Negative feedback regulation of TGF-beta signaling by the SnoN oncoprotein SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR SMAD4; DNA-BINDING PROTEIN; MAD-RELATED PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSION; HISTONE DEACETYLASE; CDNA CLONES; N-COR; PROMOTER; SKI AB Smad proteins mediate transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling to regulate cell growth and differentiation. The SnoN oncoprotein was found to interact with Smad2 and Smad4 and to repress their abilities to activate transcription through recruitment of the transcriptional corepressor N-CoR, Immediately after TGF-beta stimulation, SnoN is rapidly degraded by the nuclear accumulation of Smad3, allowing the activation of TGF-beta target genes. By 2 hours, TGF-beta induces a marked increase in SnoN expression, resulting in termination of Smad-mediated transactivation. Thus, SnoN maintains the repressed state of TGF-beta-responsive genes in the absence of ligand and participates in negative feedback regulation of TGF-beta signaling. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Luo, KX (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, 229 Stanley Hall,Mail Code 3206, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 49 TC 380 Z9 404 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 22 PY 1999 VL 286 IS 5440 BP 771 EP 774 DI 10.1126/science.286.5440.771 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 248XZ UT WOS:000083303200054 PM 10531062 ER PT J AU Nelson, NY Medforth, CJ Nurco, DJ Jia, SL Shelnutt, JA Smith, KM AF Nelson, NY Medforth, CJ Nurco, DJ Jia, SL Shelnutt, JA Smith, KM TI Synthesis and unusual properties of the first 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octabromo-5,10,15,20-tetraalkylporphyrin SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SUBSTITUTED PORPHYRINS; NONPLANAR PORPHYRINS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; DISTORTIONS; PARAMETERS AB The new perhalogenated porphyrin 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18- octabromo-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)porphinatonickel(II) exhibits several striking features, including an extremely ruffled macrocycle with a very short Ni-N distance, an unusually red-shifted optical spectrum, and, surprisingly, hindered rotation of the meso-trifluoromethyl substituents (Delta G(278)double dagger = 47 kJ mol(-1)). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Nanomol Mat & Interfaces Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Medforth, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Shelnutt, John/A-9987-2009; Medforth, Craig/D-8210-2013; REQUIMTE, FMN/M-5611-2013; REQUIMTE, UCIBIO/N-9846-2013; Smith, Kevin/G-1453-2011 OI Shelnutt, John/0000-0001-7368-582X; Medforth, Craig/0000-0003-3046-4909; Smith, Kevin/0000-0002-6736-4779 NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD OCT 21 PY 1999 IS 20 BP 2071 EP 2072 DI 10.1039/a904532e PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 243PY UT WOS:000083007500026 ER PT J AU Gifford, AN Bruneus, M Lin, SY Goutopoulos, A Makriyannis, A Volkow, ND Gatley, SJ AF Gifford, AN Bruneus, M Lin, SY Goutopoulos, A Makriyannis, A Volkow, ND Gatley, SJ TI Potentiation of the action of anandamide on hippocampal slices by the fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor, palmitylsulphonyl fluoride (AM 374) SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anandamide; cannabinoid receptor; acetylcholine; brain slice; hippocampus; fatty acid amide hydrolase ID CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AGONIST; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSPORT; BINDING; NEURONS; RELEASE AB The electrically-evoked release of [H-3]acetylcholine from hippocampal brain slices is inhibited by cannabinoid receptor agonists. The effect of palmitylsulphonyl fluoride (AM 374), a recently developed inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase, in influencing the potency of exogenously added anandamide in this preparation was examined. Anandamide alone had relatively Little effect on [H-3]acetylcholine release. By contrast, in the presence of AM 374 (0.1 mu M), anandamide produced a significant inhibition of [H-3]acetylcholine release at all concentrations tested (0.1-10 mu M). In addition to experiments with AM 374 the effects of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)arachidonamide (AM 404), a putative anandamide uptake inhibitor, was also examined. However, AM 404 at concentrations up to 10 mu M, was not found to significantly enhance the effect of anandamide on electrically-evoked [H-3]acetylcholine release. These results indicate that AM 374 potently inhibits endogenous amidase activity and thus facilitates access of exogenous anandamide to cannabinoid receptors in the hippocampal tissue. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Pharmaceut Sci & Mol & Cell Biol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Gifford, AN (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA12412-01]; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-AC02-98CH10886] NR 18 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-2999 J9 EUR J PHARMACOL JI Eur. J. Pharmacol. PD OCT 21 PY 1999 VL 383 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0014-2999(99)00609-3 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 251RQ UT WOS:000083459000002 PM 10556675 ER PT J AU Qi, F Sorkhabi, O Rizvi, AH Suits, AG AF Qi, F Sorkhabi, O Rizvi, AH Suits, AG TI 193 nm photodissociation of thiophene probed using synchrotron radiation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CROSSED-BEAM REACTION; ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; CHEMICAL-DYNAMICS; HYDROCARBON MOLECULES; CARBON-ATOMS; C(P-3(J)); DECOMPOSITION; C4H3; HCS AB The photodissociation dynamics of thiophene, c-C4H4S, have been studied at 193 nm using tunable synchrotron undulator radiation as a universal product probe. Five primary dissociation channels have been observed, and the translational energy distributions and photoionization efficiency spectra have been recorded for all products. The evidence suggests that dissociation occurs on the ground-state surface following internal conversion. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Suits, AG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Qi, Fei/A-3722-2012 NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 21 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 42 BP 8351 EP 8358 DI 10.1021/jp992057h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 251DT UT WOS:000083429900001 ER PT J AU Thorn, RP Stief, LJ Buckley, TJ Johnson, RD Monks, PS Klemm, RB AF Thorn, RP Stief, LJ Buckley, TJ Johnson, RD Monks, PS Klemm, RB TI Photoionization efficiency spectrum and ionization energy of OBrO SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID BROMINE DIOXIDE; THERMOCHEMISTRY; STRATOSPHERE; SYSTEM; BR2O; HEAT AB The photoionization efficiency (PIE) spectrum of OBrO was measured over the wavelength range lambda = 86-126 nm using a discharge flow-photoionization mass spectrometer (DF-PIMS) apparatus coupled to a VUV synchrotron radiation source. Bromine dioxide was generated in a flow tube reactor by first forming BrO via the reaction O(P-3) + Br-2 and then allowing the BrO to react on the cold flow tube wall. The PIE spectrum of the BrO reactant was obtained and the photoionization threshold evaluated from the half-rise point of the step at threshold. This remeasurement yields IE(BrO) = 10.48 +/- 0.02 eV, which supersedes our previous result. The PIE spectrum of OBrO displayed steplike behavior near threshold. A value of 10.29 +/- 0.03 eV was obtained for the adiabatic ionization energy (IE) of OBrO from analysis of the photoionization threshold at lambda = 120.5 nn. An ab initio determination of the IE of OBrO using the CCSD(T)/6-311+G(3dF)//CCD/6-311+G(3df) level of theory gives a value of 10.26 +/- 0.06 eV, which is in excellent agreement with the experimental result. The results are compared with previous determinations of the IE for both halogen monoxides, XO, and halogen dioxides, OXO (X = Cl, Br, I). C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Thorn, RP (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Monks, Paul/H-6468-2016 OI Monks, Paul/0000-0001-9984-4390 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 21 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 42 BP 8384 EP 8388 DI 10.1021/jp991555n PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 251DT UT WOS:000083429900006 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, MM Darab, JG Palmer, BJ Fulton, JL AF Hoffmann, MM Darab, JG Palmer, BJ Fulton, JL TI A transition in the Ni2+ complex structure from six- to four-coordinate upon formation of ion pair species in supercritical water: An X-ray absorption fine structure, near-infrared, and molecular dynamics study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; HYDROTHERMAL SOLUTIONS; SPECTRA; EXAFS; HYDRATION; SPECTROSCOPY; ENVIRONMENT; SIMULATIONS; MECHANISM AB The coordination structure about Ni2+ in water at temperatures up to 525 degrees C was measured by the X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) technique. Solutions containing 0.2 m NiBr2 and 0.2 m NiBr2/0.8 m NaBr were explored at pressures up to 720 bar. For certain systems, both Ni and Br XAFS data were acquired and a global model was used to fit the two independent sets of XAFS data. These two independent measurements gave excellent agreement on the coordination structure of the Ni2+/Br- contact-ion pairing. The result is a complete picture of the coordination structure of the contact-ion pairing including the coordination numbers, distances for the water-ion and ion-ion associations, and also a high-quality measurement of the binding strength and amount of disorder (Debye-Waller factor and the anharmonicity) of the Ni2+/Br- association. The XAFS measurements strongly indicate a transitional change in the coordination of Ni2+ from the octahedral Ni2+(H2O)(6) species at room temperature to the 4-coordinate structures at supercritical collclitions (e.g., T > 375 degrees C). Specifically, the equilibrium structure at 425 degrees C is Ni2+(Br-)(3.3)(H2O)(1.0) for the aqueous solution of 0.2 m NiBr2 with 0.8 m NaBr. At 325 degrees C, the octahedral species still exists but it is in equilibrium with new species of lower coordination. Above 425 degrees C, at moderate pressures up to 700 bar, the stable structures are a family of 4-coordinated species (NiBr(H2O)(3). Br, NiBr2(H2O)(2), NiBr3(H2O). Na), where the degree of Bradduction and replacement of H2O in the inner shell depends on the overall Br- concentration. The most likely symmetry of these species is a distorted tetrahedron. Measurements of the Ni preedge ls -> 3d and to ls -> 4d transitions using X-ray absorption spectroscopy confirm that a symmetry change occurs at high temperature, and the results are consistent with the XAFS and molecular dynamics (MD) conclusion of a distorted tetrahedral structure. This observation is further confirmed by near-infrared (NIR) spectra of the same system. The MD simulations under identical conditions were used to verify the experimental findings. Although we found qualitative agreement between the experimental and simulated first-shell coordination structure, it is, clear that refinements of the intermolecular potentials are required to quantitatively capture the true high-temperature structure. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm & Energy Sci Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Fulton, JL (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Environm & Energy Sci Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 41 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 21 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 42 BP 8471 EP 8482 DI 10.1021/jp990435c PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 251DT UT WOS:000083429900017 ER PT J AU Pietrass, T Kneller, JM Assink, RA Anderson, MT AF Pietrass, T Kneller, JM Assink, RA Anderson, MT TI Xe-129 NMR of mesoporous silicas SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PORE STRUCTURE EVOLUTION; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; MICROPOROUS SOLIDS; XENON; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE; DIFFUSION; ZEOLITES; DEPENDENCE; ADSORPTION AB The porosities of three mesoporous silica materials were characterized with Xe-129 NMR spectroscopy. The materials were sythesized by a sol-gel process with r = 0, 25, and 70% methanol by weight in an aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution. Temperature-dependent chemical shifts and spin-lattice relaxation times reveal that xenon does not penetrate the pores of the largely disordered (r = 70%) silica. For both r = 0 and 25%, temperature-dependent resonances corresponding to physisorbed xenon were observed. An additional resonance for the r = 25% sample was attributed to xenon between the disordered cylindrical pores. 2D NMR exchange experiments corroborate the spin-lattice relaxation data, which show that xenon is in rapid exchange between the adsorbed and the gas phase. C1 New Mexico Tech, Dept Chem, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pietrass, T (reprint author), New Mexico Tech, Dept Chem, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. NR 31 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 21 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 42 BP 8837 EP 8841 DI 10.1021/jp991312v PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 251DV UT WOS:000083430100007 ER PT J AU Baldelli, S Markovic, N Ross, P Shen, YR Somorjai, G AF Baldelli, S Markovic, N Ross, P Shen, YR Somorjai, G TI Sum frequency generation of CO on (111) and polycrystalline platinum electrode surfaces: Evidence for SFG invisible surface CO SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE ADSORPTION; REFLECTION ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ACIDIC SOLUTION; METAL-SURFACES; INTERFACE; OXIDATION; MONOLAYER; REGION AB The vibrational spectroscopy sum frequency generation (SFG) is used to investigate the adsorption of carbon monoxide on the single crystal (111) and polycrystalline platinum surfaces. By varying the frequency and polarization of the light beams, different surface species of CO species are probed. SFG signal intensities for different polarization indicate that adsorbed CO polarizability is significantly perturbed From the gas-phase molecule. The SFC signal of CO disappears well below the main oxidation potential of CO to CO2. The disappearance of the CO signal is interpreted as a transformation in the CO layer to a state which is invisible to SFG. The invisible state is suggested to be CO with the bond axis nearly parallel to the platinum surface. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 32 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 21 PY 1999 VL 103 IS 42 BP 8920 EP 8925 DI 10.1021/jp991649x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 251DV UT WOS:000083430100020 ER PT J AU Giesbrecht, GR Shafir, A Arnold, J AF Giesbrecht, GR Shafir, A Arnold, J TI Alkali-metal guanidinates: solid-state structural diversity in solvent-free derivatives SO JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; LEWIS BASE ADDUCTS; TRIMERIC DIBENZYLAMIDOLITHIUM; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; DIETHYL-ETHER; COMPLEXES; LITHIUM; LIGAND; ANIONS; PLATINUM(II) AB Reaction of 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide with alkali-metal amides, MN(SiMe3)(2) (M = Li, Na or K), in non-co-ordinating solvents yielded the guanidinate salts {M[CyNC(N(SiMe3)(2))NCy]}(x) (M = Li, x = 2; Na, x = 3; K, x = 2) in high yield. All three species were characterized by X-ray crystallography and found to be free from interaction with the solvent. These compounds represent the first base-free examples of alkali-metal guanidinate or amidinate species to be examined by X-ray crystallography. Although the structures of the lithium and potassium salts have precedent in amidinate and diazaallyl chemistry, the sodium salt represents a new mode of aggregation for species containing an anionic N-C-N linkage. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Arnold, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Shafir, Alexandr/D-1676-2009; Arnold, John/F-3963-2012 OI Shafir, Alexandr/0000-0002-8127-2299; Arnold, John/0000-0001-9671-227X NR 42 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0300-9246 J9 J CHEM SOC DALTON JI J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans. PD OCT 21 PY 1999 IS 20 BP 3601 EP 3604 DI 10.1039/a904295d PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 246DD UT WOS:000083147800015 ER PT J AU Detours, V Mehr, R Perelson, AS AF Detours, V Mehr, R Perelson, AS TI A quantitative theory of affinity-driven T cell repertoire selection SO JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; DIFFERENTIAL-AVIDITY MODEL; PEPTIDE-MHC COMPLEXES; POSITIVE SELECTION; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; ANTIBODY REPERTOIRE; NEGATIVE SELECTION; RECEPTOR STRUCTURE; SELF-TOLERANCE; H-2 ANTIGENS AB Binding of the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) to peptides presented on molecules encoded by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes is the key event driving T cell development and activation. Selection of the T cell repertoire in the thymus involves two steps. First, positive selection promotes the survival of cells binding thymic self-MHC-peptide complexes with sufficient affinity. The resulting repertoire is self-MHC restricted: it recognizes foreign peptides presented on self, but not foreign MHC. Second, negative selection deletes cells which may be potentially harmful because their receptors interact with self-MHC-peptide complexes with too high an affinity. The mature repertoire is also highly alloreactive: a large fraction of T cells respond to tissues harboring foreign MHC. We derive mathematical expressions giving the frequency of alloreactivity, the level of self-MHC restriction, and the fraction of the repertoire activated by a foreign peptide, as a function of the parameters driving the generation and selection of the repertoire: self-MHC and self-peptide diversity, the stringencies of positive and negative selection, and the number of peptide and MHC polymorphic residues that contribute to T cell receptor binding. Although the model is based on a simplified digit string representation of receptors, all the parameters but one relate directly to experimentally determined quantities. The only parameter without a biological counterpart has no effect on the model's behavior besides a trivial and easily preventable discretization effect. We further analyse the role of the MHC and peptide contribution to TCR binding, and find that their relative, rather than absolute value, is important in shaping the mature repertoire. This result makes it possible to adopt different physical interpretations for the digit string formalism. We also find that the alloreactivity level can be inferred directly from data on the stringency of selection, and that, in agreement with recent experiments, it is not affected by thymic selection. (C) 1999 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Mol Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Perelson, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, MS K710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Mehr, Ramit/0000-0002-4303-6834 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI28433]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM20964-25] NR 73 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-5193 J9 J THEOR BIOL JI J. Theor. Biol. PD OCT 21 PY 1999 VL 200 IS 4 BP 389 EP 403 DI 10.1006/jtbi.1999.1003 PG 15 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 250LB UT WOS:000083388900004 PM 10525398 ER PT J AU Amendola, L Frieman, JA Waga, I AF Amendola, L Frieman, JA Waga, I TI Weak gravitational lensing by voids SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; gravitational lensing ID LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; MASS FLUCTUATIONS; POWER SPECTRUM; GALAXIES; UNIVERSE; STATISTICS; BUBBLES AB We consider the prospects for detecting weak gravitational lensing by underdensities (voids) in the large-scale matter distribution. We derive the basic expressions for magnification and distortion by spherical voids. Clustering of the background sources and cosmic variance are the main factors that limit in principle the detection of lensing by voids. We conclude that only voids with radii larger than similar to 100 h(-1) Mpc have lensing signal-to-noise ratio larger than unity. C1 NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Osservatorio Astron Roma, I-00136 Rome, Italy. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fed Univ Rio De Janeiro, Inst Fis, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Amendola, L (reprint author), NASA, Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RI Waga, Ioav/B-6288-2014 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD OCT 21 PY 1999 VL 309 IS 2 BP 465 EP 473 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02841.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 251VK UT WOS:000083466900022 ER PT J AU Weinberg, AM AF Weinberg, AM TI The birth of Big Biology SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Weinberg, AM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, POB 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 21 PY 1999 VL 401 IS 6755 BP 738 EP 738 DI 10.1038/44449 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 250BG UT WOS:000083368700017 PM 10548091 ER PT J AU Hoffert, MI Caldeira, K Covey, C Duffy, PB Santer, BD AF Hoffert, MI Caldeira, K Covey, C Duffy, PB Santer, BD TI Global warming - Solar variability and the Earth's climate SO NATURE LA English DT Article C1 NYU, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hoffert, MI (reprint author), NYU, Dept Phys, 4 Washington Pl, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD OCT 21 PY 1999 VL 401 IS 6755 BP 764 EP 764 DI 10.1038/44519 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 250BG UT WOS:000083368700044 ER PT J AU Nagle, JL Bennett, MJ AF Nagle, JL Bennett, MJ TI Initial state energy loss dependence of J/Psi and Drell-Yan in relativistic heavy ion collisions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE quarkonia; Drell-Yan; energy loss; quark-gluon plasma; relativistic heavy ion collisions ID TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM DEPENDENCE; SUPPRESSION AB We present a Glauber-based study of J/Psi and Drell-Yan yields in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Using this approach, we have investigated the impact of energy loss by the colliding nuclei on observed yields and transverse momentum spectra of J/Psi and Drell-Yan. These studies permit an assessment of the importance of initial state energy loss in relation to "anomalous" J/Psi suppression. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, 538 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM nagle@nevisl.nevis.columbia.edu; mjbennett@lanl.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 21 PY 1999 VL 465 IS 1-4 BP 21 EP 26 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)00988-0 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 256NR UT WOS:000083732000004 ER PT J AU Jadach, S Pietrzyk, B Tournefier, E Ward, BFL Was, Z AF Jadach, S Pietrzyk, B Tournefier, E Ward, BFL Was, Z TI Initial-final-state interference in the Z line-shape SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID FERMION PAIR PRODUCTION; MONTE-CARLO PROGRAM; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; QED CORRECTIONS; STANDARD MODEL; Z(0) PEAK; ASYMMETRY; LEP; E+E-->MU+MU; OBSERVABLES AB The uncertainty in the determination of the Z line-shape parameters coming from the precision of the calculation of the initial-state radiation and initial-final-state interference is 2 X 10(-4) for the total cross section sigma(had)(0) at the Z peak, 0.15 MeV for the Z mass M-Z, and 0.1 MeV for the Z width Gamma(Z). Corrections to initial-final-state interference beyond O(alpha(1)) are discussed. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 DESY, Theory Grp, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Inst Nucl Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. LAPP, Phys Particules Lab, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. CERN, Div EP, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RP Jadach, S (reprint author), DESY, Theory Grp, Notkestr 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 21 PY 1999 VL 465 IS 1-4 BP 254 EP 259 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(99)01047-3 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 256NR UT WOS:000083732000036 ER PT J AU Arav, N Becker, RH Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Gregg, MD White, RL Brotherton, MS de Kool, M AF Arav, N Becker, RH Laurent-Muehleisen, SA Gregg, MD White, RL Brotherton, MS de Kool, M TI What determines the depth of broad absorption lines? Keck hires observations of BALQSO 1603+3002 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : absorption lines ID IONIZATION; TELESCOPE; QUASARS; SYSTEMS; ALPHA AB We find that the depth and shape of the broad absorption lines (BALs) in BALQSO 1603+3002 are determined largely by the fraction of the emitting source which is covered by the BAL flow. In addition, the observed depth of the BALs is poorly correlated with their real optical depth. The implication of this result is that abundance studies based on direct extraction of column densities from the depth of the absorption troughs are unreliable. Our conclusion is based on analysis of unblended absorption features of two lines from the same ion (in this case the Si Iv doublet), which allows unambiguous separation of covering factor and optical depth effects. The complex morphology of the covering factor as a function of velocity suggests that the BALs are produced by several physically separated outflows. The covering factor is ion dependent in both depth and velocity width. We also find evidence that in BALQSO 1603 + 3002 the flow does not cover the broad emission line region. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Astrophys Theory Ctr, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Arav, N (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, L-413,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM narav@igpp.llnl.gov NR 31 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1999 VL 524 IS 2 BP 566 EP 571 DI 10.1086/307841 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 245YB UT WOS:000083135300006 ER PT J AU Lovelace, RVE Zhang, L Kornreich, DA Haynes, MP AF Lovelace, RVE Zhang, L Kornreich, DA Haynes, MP TI Eccentric behavior of disk galaxies SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics, stellar dynamics; galaxies : kinematics and dynamics galaxies : structure ID SPIRAL GALAXIES; MASSIVE OBJECT; INSTABILITY; RESONANCE; DYNAMICS AB A theory is developed for the dynamics of eccentric perturbations (proportional to exp +/- i phi) of a disk galaxy residing in a spherical dark matter halo and including a spherical bulge component. The disk is represented as a large number N of rings with shifted centers and with perturbed azimuthal matter distributions, Account is taken of the dynamics of the shift of the matter at the galaxy's center which may include a massive black hole. The gravitational interactions between the rings and between the rings and the center is fully accounted for, but the halo and bulge components are treated as passive gravitational field sources. Equations of motion and a Lagrangian are derived for the ring + center system, and these lead to total energy and total angular momentum constants of the motion. We first study the eccentric motion of a disk consisting of two rings of different radii but equal mass, M-d/2. For small M-d, the two rings are stable, but for M-d larger than a threshold value the rings are unstable with a dynamical timescale growth. For M-d sufficiently above this threshold, the instability acts to decrease the angular momentum of the inner ring, while increasing that of the outer ring. The instability results from the merging positive and negative energy modes with increasing M-d. Second, we analyze the eccentric motion of one ring interacting with a radially shifted central mass. In this case instability sets in above a threshold value of the central mass (for a fixed ring mass), and it acts to increase the angular momentum of the central mass (which therefore rotates in the direction of the disk matter), while decreasing the angular momentum of the ring. Third, we study the eccentric dynamics of a disk with an exponential surface density distribution represented by a large number of rings. The inner part of the disk is found to be strongly unstable. Angular momentum of the rings is transferred outward and to the central mass if present, and a trailing one-armed spiral wave is formed in the disk. Fourth, we analyze a disk with a modified exponential density distribution where the density of the inner part of the disk is reduced. In this case we iind much slower, linear growth of the eccentric motion. A trailing one-armed spiral wave forms in the disk and becomes more tightly wrapped as time increases. The motion of the central mass if present is small compared with that of the disk. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Lovelace, RVE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-6,MS B288, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1999 VL 524 IS 2 BP 634 EP 649 DI 10.1086/307847 PN 1 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 245YB UT WOS:000083135300013 ER PT J AU Freeman, PE Graziani, C Lamb, DQ Loredo, TJ Fenimore, EE Murakami, T Yoshida, A AF Freeman, PE Graziani, C Lamb, DQ Loredo, TJ Fenimore, EE Murakami, T Yoshida, A TI Statistical analysis of spectral line candidates in gamma-ray burst GRB 870303 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; line : identification ID CYCLOTRON LINES; ABSORPTION; GINGA; FEATURES; REDSHIFT; EMISSION; SEARCH AB The Ginga data for the gamma-ray burst GRB 870303 exhibit low-energy dips in two temporally distinct spectra, denoted Si and S2. S1, spanning 4 s, exhibits a single line candidate at approximate to 20 keV, while S2, spanning 9 s, exhibits apparently harmonically spaced line candidates at approximate to 20 and 40 keV. The centers of the time intervals corresponding to S1 and S2 are separated by 22.5 s. We rigorously evaluate the statistical evidence for these lines, using phenomenological continuum and line models which in their details are independent of the distance scale to gamma-ray bursts. We employ the methodologies based on both frequentist and Bayesian statistical inference that we develop in a forthcoming paper. These methodologies utilize the information present in the data to select the simplest model that adequately describes the data from among a wide range of continuum and continuum-plus-line(s) models. This ensures that the chosen model does not include free parameters that the data deem unnecessary and that would act to reduce the frequentist significance and Bayesian odds of the continuum-plus-line(s) model. We calculate the significance of the continuum-plus-line(s) models using the chi(2) maximum likelihood ratio test. We describe a parameterization of the exponentiated Gaussian absorption line shape that makes the probability surface in parameter space better behaved, allowing us to estimate analytically the Bayesian odds. We find that the significance of the continuum-plus-line model requested by the S1 data is 3.6 x 10(-5) with the odds favoring it being 114:1. The significance of the continuum-plus-lines model requested by; the S2 data is 1.7 x 10(-4), with the odds favoring it being 7:1. We also apply our methodology to the combined (S1 + S2) data. The significance of the continuum-plus-lines model requested by the combined data is 4.2 x 10(-8), with the odds favoring it being 40,300:1. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan. Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. RP Freeman, PE (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 50 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1999 VL 524 IS 2 BP 753 EP 771 DI 10.1086/307817 PN 1 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 245YB UT WOS:000083135300021 ER PT J AU Freeman, PE Lamb, DQ Wang, JCL Wasserman, I Loredo, TJ Fenimore, EE Murakami, T Yoshida, A AF Freeman, PE Lamb, DQ Wang, JCL Wasserman, I Loredo, TJ Fenimore, EE Murakami, T Yoshida, A TI Resonant cyclotron radiation transfer model fits to spectra from gamma-ray burst GRB 870303 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts; line : formation; radiative transfer; stars : neutron ID STRONG MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SCATTERING ATMOSPHERES; LINE FORMATION; NEUTRON-STARS; ABSORPTION; EMISSION; FEATURES; COMPTON; BATSE; GINGA AB We demonstrate that models of resonant cyclotron radiation transfer in a strong field (i.e., cyclotron scattering) can account for spectral lines seen at two epochs, denoted S1 and S2, in the Ginga data for GRB 870303. S1, which extends 4 s, exhibits one line at approximate to 20 keV, while S2, which extends 9 s, exhibits harmonically spaced lines at approximate to 20 and 40 keV. The midpoints of SI and S2 are separated by 22.5 s. Using a generalized version of the Monte Carlo code of Wang et al., we model line formation by injecting continuum photons into a static plane-parallel slab of electrons threaded by a strong neutron star magnetic field (similar to 10(12) G) that may be oriented at an arbitrary angle relative to the slab normal. We examine two source geometries, which we denote "1-0" and "1-1," with the numbers representing the relative electron column densities above and below the continuum photon source plane. The 1-0 geometry may represent, e.g., a line formation region levitating above the surface of the neutron star, or possibly a plasma-filled flux tube illuminated from below. The 1-1 geometry, on the other hand, corresponds to line formation in a semi-infinite atmosphere at the surface of a neutron star. We apply rigorous statistical inference to compare azimuthally symmetric models, i.e., models in which the magnetic field is parallel to the slab normal, with models having more general magnetic field orientations. If the bursting source has a simple dipole held, these two model classes represent line formation at the magnetic pole, or elsewhere on the stellar surface. We find that the data of S1 and S2, considered individually, are consistent with both geometries, and with all magnetic field orientations, with the exception that the S1 data clearly favors line formation away from a polar cap in the 1-1 geometry, with the best-fit model placing the line-forming region at the magnetic equator. Within both geometries, fits to the combined (S1 + S2) data marginally favor models that feature equatorial line formation, and in which the observer's orientation with respect to the slab changes between the two epochs. We interpret this change as being due to neutron star rotation, and we place limits on the rotation period. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan. Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. RP Freeman, PE (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 87 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1999 VL 524 IS 2 BP 772 EP 793 DI 10.1086/307818 PN 1 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 245YB UT WOS:000083135300022 ER PT J AU Oluseyi, HM Walker, ABC Porter, J Hoover, RB Barbee, TW AF Oluseyi, HM Walker, ABC Porter, J Hoover, RB Barbee, TW TI Observation and modeling of the solar transition region. I. Multi-spectral solar telescope array observations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Sun : chromosphere; Sun : transition region; Sun : UV radiation ID UNRESOLVED FINE-STRUCTURES; RAY BRIGHT POINTS; ENERGY-BALANCE; CORONAL LOOPS; POLAR PLUMES; QUIET SUN; TEMPERATURE REGION; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE REGIONS; SCALING LAW AB We report on observations of the solar atmosphere in several extreme-ultraviolet and far-ultraviolet bandpasses obtained by the Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array, a rocket-borne spectroheliograph, on flights in 1987, 1991, and 1994, spanning the last solar maximum. Quiet-Sun emission observed in the 171-175 Angstrom bandpass, which includes lines of O V, O VI, Fe rx, and Fe X, has been analyzed to test models of the temperatures and geometries of the structures responsible for this emission. Analyses of intensity variations above the solar limb reveal scale heights consistent with a quiet-Sun plasma temperature of 500,000 less than or equal to T-e less than or equal to 800,000 K. The structures responsible for the quiet-Sun EUV emission are modeled as small quasi-static loops. We submit our models to several tests. We compare the emission our models would produce in the bandpass of our telescope to the emission we have observed. We find that the emission predicted by loop models with maximum temperatures between 700,000 and 900,000 K are consistent with our observations. We also compare the absolute flux predicted by our models in a typical upper transition region line to the flux measured by previous observers. Finally, we present a preliminary comparison of the predictions of our models with diagnostic spectral line ratios from previous observers. Intensity modulations in the quiet Sun are observed to occur on a scale comparable to the supergranular scale. We discuss the implications that a distribution of loops of the type we model here would have for heating the local network at the loops' footpoints. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Ctr Space Sci & Astrophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Space Sci Lab, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM Hakeem@banneker.stanford.edu; walker@banneker.stanford.edu; Jason.Porter@msfc.nasa.gov; Richard.Hoover@msfc.nasa.gov; barbee2@llnl.gov NR 89 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1999 VL 524 IS 2 BP 1105 EP 1121 DI 10.1086/307830 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 245YB UT WOS:000083135300048 ER PT J AU Schaefer, BE Snyder, JA Hernandez, J Roscherr, B Deng, M Ellman, N Bailyn, C Rengstorf, A Smith, D Levine, A Barthelmy, S Butterworth, P Hurley, K Cline, T Meegan, C Kouveliotou, C Kippen, RM Park, HS Williams, GG Porrata, R Bionta, R Hartmann, D Band, D Frail, D Kulkarni, S Bloom, J Djorgovski, S Sadava, D Chaffee, F Harris, F Abad, C Adams, B Andrews, P Baltay, C Bongiovanni, A Briceno, C Bruzual, G Coppi, P Della Prugna, F Dubuc, A Emmet, W Ferrin, I Fuenmayor, F Gebhard, M Herrera, D Honeycutt, K Magris, G Mateu, J Muffson, S Musser, J Naranjo, O Oemler, A Pacheco, R Paredes, G Rengel, M Romero, L Rosenzweig, P Sabbey, C Sanchez, G Sanchez, G Schenner, H Shin, J Sinnott, J Sofia, S Stock, J Suarez, J Telleria, D Vicente, B Vieira, K Vivas, K AF Schaefer, BE Snyder, JA Hernandez, J Roscherr, B Deng, M Ellman, N Bailyn, C Rengstorf, A Smith, D Levine, A Barthelmy, S Butterworth, P Hurley, K Cline, T Meegan, C Kouveliotou, C Kippen, RM Park, HS Williams, GG Porrata, R Bionta, R Hartmann, D Band, D Frail, D Kulkarni, S Bloom, J Djorgovski, S Sadava, D Chaffee, F Harris, F Abad, C Adams, B Andrews, P Baltay, C Bongiovanni, A Briceno, C Bruzual, G Coppi, P Della Prugna, F Dubuc, A Emmet, W Ferrin, I Fuenmayor, F Gebhard, M Herrera, D Honeycutt, K Magris, G Mateu, J Muffson, S Musser, J Naranjo, O Oemler, A Pacheco, R Paredes, G Rengel, M Romero, L Rosenzweig, P Sabbey, C Sanchez, G Sanchez, G Schenner, H Shin, J Sinnott, J Sofia, S Stock, J Suarez, J Telleria, D Vicente, B Vieira, K Vivas, K TI Discovery of the optical transient of GRB 990308 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gamma rays : bursts ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; 28 FEBRUARY 1997; EMISSION; GRB-970508; EVOLUTION; GALAXIES AB The optical transient of the faint gamma-ray burst GRB 990308 was detected by the QUEST camera on the Venezuelan 1 m Schmidt telescope starting 3.28 hr after the burst. Our photometry gives V = 18.32 +/- 0.07, R = 18.14 +/- 0.06, B = 18.65 +/- 0.23, and R = 18.22 +/- 0.05 for times ranging from 3.28 to 3.47 hr after the burst. The colors correspond to a spectral slope of close to f(v) proportional to nu(1/3). Within the standard synchrotron fireball model, this requires that the external medium be less dense than 10(4) cm(-3), the electrons contain more than 20% of the shock energy, and the magnetic field energy be less than 24% of the energy in the electrons for normal interstellar or circumstellar densities. We also report upper limits of V> 12.0 at 132 s (with LOTIS), V > 13.4 from 132 to 1029 s (with LOTIS), V>15.3 at 28.2 minutes (with Super-LOTIS), and a 8.5 GHz flux of less than 114 mu Jy at 110 days (with the Very Large Array). Wisconsin-Indiana-Yale-NOAO 3.5 m and Keck 10 m telescopes reveal this location to be empty of any host galaxy to R > 25.7 and K> 23.3. The lack of a host galaxy likely implies that it is either substantially subluminous or more distant than a redshift of similar to 1.2. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Astron, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. CIDA, Merida 5101, Venezuela. Univ Los Andes, Dept Fis, Merida 5101, Venezuela. Indiana Univ, Dept Astron, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. WM Keck Observ, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. USN Observ, Flagstaff, AZ 86002 USA. Cent Univ Venezuela, Dept Fis, Caracas 1042, Venezuela. Observ Carnegie Inst Washington, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA. RP Schaefer, BE (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, POB 208121, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012; Bongiovanni, Angel/J-6176-2012 NR 33 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 SOUTH WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637-1603 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD OCT 20 PY 1999 VL 524 IS 2 BP L103 EP L106 DI 10.1086/312318 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 245YM UT WOS:000083136300007 ER PT J AU George, GN Mertens, JA Campbell, WH AF George, GN Mertens, JA Campbell, WH TI Structural changes induced by catalytic turnover at the molybdenum site of arabidopsis nitrate reductase SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; SULFITE OXIDASE; CHLORELLA-VULGARIS; FINE-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-SITE; WILD-TYPE; RESONANCE; ENZYMES; EXAFS C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Coll Arts & Sci, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP George, GN (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, POB 4349,MS 69, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI George, Graham/E-3290-2013 NR 23 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 20 PY 1999 VL 121 IS 41 BP 9730 EP 9731 DI 10.1021/ja990310l PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 248MV UT WOS:000083280100033 ER PT J AU Yezdimer, EM Cummings, PT AF Yezdimer, EM Cummings, PT TI Calculation of the vapour-liquid coexistence curve for a fluctuating point charge water model SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE PAIR POTENTIALS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; PHASE COEXISTENCE; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; POLARIZABLE MODEL; TEMPERATURE; EQUILIBRIUM; DYNAMICS; ENSEMBLE AB Recent studies of the phase behaviour of several polarizable water models have shown that typically the inclusion of polarizability into current non-polarizable, rigid models of water actually decreases the accuracy of their predictions of the liquid-vapour coexistence curve. Most of the polarizable models examined so far have been shown to characteristically overpredict the saturation pressure and correspondingly under-predict the critical temperature. It is the purpose of this Research Note to report the results of a Gibbs-Duhem integration of the liquid-vapour coexistence curve for the TIP4P-FQ water model and to discuss the possible reasons behind the lack of improvement of polarizable water models over their non-polarizable counterparts. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Yezdimer, EM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD OCT 20 PY 1999 VL 97 IS 8 BP 993 EP 996 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 251ZV UT WOS:000083477000008 ER PT J AU Manner, WL Lloyd, JA Paffett, MT AF Manner, WL Lloyd, JA Paffett, MT TI Reactivity of formic acid (HCOOD and DCOOH) at uranium and UO2.0 surfaces SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE formic acid; SIMS; thermal desorption; uranium; uranium oxide; XPS ID X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON; TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED DESORPTION; ENERGY LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDE-BASED CATALYSTS; ATOMIC OXYGEN; ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; WATER-VAPOR; ZINC-OXIDE AB Interactions of DCOOH and HCOOD with uranium and UO2.0 surfaces have been examined using surface-specific techniques of thermal desorption mass spectroscopy (TDMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SSIMS). On the clean Uranium surface, formate is the predominant product following formic acid adsorption at 100 K. A wide range of products is observed after annealing to 200 K, including formate, hydroxyl, O-ads, and H-ads (D-ads) groups. Adsorbed formate decomposes by 300 K increasing the concentration of the remaining surface products, Surface-adsorbed carbon following TDMS measurements remains as the carbide, as indicated from XPS and SSIMS measurements. The only gaseous species created in high yields from the clean surface upon annealing are H-2, HD, and D-2. On the oxide surface (UO2.0) adsorbed formate groups are more stable toward dissociation in comparison with the clean uranium surface. Between 100 and 300 K the predominant species on the UO2.0 surface are surface formate and hydroxyl groups. Hydroxyl groups react between 300 and 350 K to release water from the surface. Adsorbed formate groups decompose between 400 and 500 K to release CO and H2CO (D2CO) groups from the oxide surface. Carbon was not detected on the oxide surface by XPS or SSIMS after annealing to 500 K, indicating that all carbon-containing species either desorb in the form of GO-containing products or migrate into the surface. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Paffett, MT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, MS J565, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mtp@lanl.gov NR 58 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD OCT 20 PY 1999 VL 441 IS 1 BP 117 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(99)00839-0 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 250JJ UT WOS:000083385000015 ER PT J AU Wall, J Schell, M Murphy, C Hrncic, R Stevens, FJ Solomon, A AF Wall, J Schell, M Murphy, C Hrncic, R Stevens, FJ Solomon, A TI Thermodynamic instability of human lambda 6 light chains: Correlation with fibrillogenicity SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID V-L DOMAIN; AMYLOID PROTEINS; IMMUNOGLOBULINS; ASSOCIATION; SUBGROUP; DISEASE; ACID AB Certain types of human light chains have the propensity to deposit pathologically as amyloid fibrils as evidenced by the preferential association of monoclonal lambda 6 proteins with AL amyloidosis. However, the molecular features that render such proteins amyloidogenic have not been elucidated. Based upon the demonstrated relationship between the thermodynamic stability of light chains and their propensity to aggregate in vitro, we have initiated studies where the thermodynamic properties and fibrillogenic potential of two recombinant (r) V(lambda)6 molecules were compared. The first protein was generated from cDNA cloned from marrow-derived plasma cells from a patient (Wil) who had AL amyloidosis and renal amyloid deposits; the second was from a patient (Jto) with multiple myeloma in whom the lambda 6 protein was deposited not as amyloid but in the form of renal tubular casts. The thermodynamic stabilities of rV(lambda)6Wil and -Jto were determined from chaotropic and thermal denaturation studies. Based upon the Delta G(H2O), Delta H, Delta G(25) (degrees C), T-m, and C-m values, the rV(lambda)6Wil was less stable than its nonamyloidogenic counterpart, rV(lambda)6Jto. Measurement of fibril formation using a novel in vitro fibril forming assay demonstrated that although both rV(lambda)6 proteins formed fibrils in vitro, Wil had a shorter lag time and exhibited faster kinetics under physiologic conditions. Comparative amino acid sequence analyses of these two components and other lambda 6 amyloid-associated light chains revealed that the Jto protein had certain primary structural features that we posit contributed to its increased stability and thus rendered this protein nonamyloidogenic. Our studies provide the first evidence that stabilizing interactions within the V-L domain can influence the kinetics of light chain fibrillogenicity. C1 Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Med, Human Immunol & Canc Program, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Mechanist Biol & Biotechnol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wall, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Grad Sch Med, Human Immunol & Canc Program, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA10056] NR 31 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 19 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 42 BP 14101 EP 14108 DI 10.1021/bi991131j PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 248RD UT WOS:000083288400038 PM 10529258 ER PT J AU Graff, DK Wang, HC Palmer, RA Schoonover, JR AF Graff, DK Wang, HC Palmer, RA Schoonover, JR TI Static and dynamic FT-IR linear dichroism studies of plasticization effects in a polyurethane elastomer SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; DENSITY POLYETHYLENE; CHAIN DEFORMATION; RAMAN; TEMPERATURE; POLYMERS; STRAIN; TRANSITION AB By combining FTIR data of plasticized Estane (a polyester polyurethane copolymer) subjected to mechanical deformation with spectral differences as a function of added plasticizer, insight into the physical role of plasticization is gained. For Estane, the orientation functions and dichroic difference data show that, in static stretching, the soft domains reach orientation saturation before the hard domains. With added plasticizer, hydrogen bonding to the hard segments is disrupted and the glass transition of the soft domain decreases, indicating that plasticizer remains solubilized in the soft domain. On the time scale of the static experiment, plasticization diminishes the ability of both domains to reorient, while the plasticizer itself does not orient. With added plasticizer, neither domain reaches orientation saturation during the prestretching process, and dynamic distortion results in a similar response from both domains. Bimodal bands in the dynamic data indicate that the strain applied on a rapid time scale (20 Hz) allows resolution of the components of differently oriented bands. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Palmer, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CST-4,MS J586, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 19 PY 1999 VL 32 IS 21 BP 7147 EP 7155 DI 10.1021/ma990495g PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 247LR UT WOS:000083222700038 ER PT J AU Barnes, MD Ng, KC Fukui, K Sumpter, BG Noid, DW AF Barnes, MD Ng, KC Fukui, K Sumpter, BG Noid, DW TI Probing phase-separation behavior in polymer-blend microparticles: Effects of particle size and polymer mobility SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID REFRACTIVE-INDEX; COATED SPHERE; SCATTERING; LIGHT; ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; MICRODROPLETS; ENCAPSULATION; MICROSPHERES; RESONANCES; PRECISION AB We describe a new method for probing phase separation of polymer-blend systems in spherical microparticles generated from microdroplets of dilute polymer solution. Two-dimensional optical diffraction-a technique sensitive to material inhomogeneity on a length scale of approximate to 30 nm-is used to probe phase-separation behavior of bulk-immiscible polymers in attoliter and femtoliter volumes. Under conditions of rapid solvent evaporation (approximate to 2-10 ms) and relatively low polymer mobility, homogeneous composite particles can be formed using different polymers that ordinarily undergo phase separation in bulk preparations. We show that, for homogeneous particles, the refractive index (related to material dielectric constant) can be tuned by adjusting the relative weight, fractions of polymers in the blend. Molecular dynamics simulations of polymer-blend microparticles are presented to illustrate at a molecular level effects of polymer interactions and boundary conditions on phase separation in polymer-blend nanoparticles. Finally, we show that polymer mobility affects phase-separation behavior in microparticles using mixtures of poly(vinyl alcohol)s with low molecular weight (high-mobility) poly(ethylene glycol) oligomers. For higher molecular weight polymers (>10 K), surface energy constraints inhibit phase separation, and the polymer-blend particles are observed to be homogeneous to within experimental resolution. Conversely, blends of low molecular weight PEG with PVA phase-separate on a time scale of several minutes to form heterogeneous composite particles. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Calif State Univ Fresno, Dept Chem, Fresno, CA 93740 USA. RP Barnes, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Mail Stop 6142, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 38 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 19 PY 1999 VL 32 IS 21 BP 7183 EP 7189 DI 10.1021/ma990846r PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 247LR UT WOS:000083222700042 ER PT J AU Androsch, R Wunderlich, B AF Androsch, R Wunderlich, B TI A study of annealing of poly(ethylene-co-octene) by temperature-modulated and standard differential scanning calorimetry SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; HEAT-CAPACITY; GLASS-TRANSITION; CRYSTALLIZATION; POLYETHYLENE; DSC; COPOLYMERS; CRYSTALS; FRACTIONATION; ETHYLENE AB Annealing of poly(ethylene-co-octene)s with 12-25 mass % 1-octene for 2.5-5250 min was carried out by approaching the annealing temperature through cooling at 10 K min(-1). Above the annealing temperature, primary crystallization was initiated. The analysis of the samples was performed during and after the annealing with temperature-modulated and standard differential scanning calorimetry, respectively (TMDSC and DSC). The irreversible annealing process consists of two different, exothermic events which are secondary crystallization and reorganization. The two processes were separated and quantitatively expressed by exponential laws with relaxation times of the order of 5 and 100 min, respectively. The two stages of crystallization and the reorganization produce a temperature;dependent, arrested, metastable, global structure of crystals and amorphous defects. Changing the annealing time can only partially compensate for changes in annealing temperature. Furthermore, TMDSC reveals a small amount of fully reversible melting. This reversible melting exists in addition to the well-known equilibrium of gauche-trans point defects in the crystal. Overall, there are thus at least; five latent-heat contributions to the apparent heat capacity between the glass and melting transitions: primary and secondary crystallization, reorganization, locally reversible melting, and the gauche-trans equilibrium. For quantitive analysis of these latent-heat effects, they must be separated from the heat capacity of the melt, extrapolated from above the melting temperature, and the vibrational heat capacities of the crystal or glass. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wunderlich, B (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 54 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 6 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 19 PY 1999 VL 32 IS 21 BP 7238 EP 7247 DI 10.1021/ma9905223 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 247LR UT WOS:000083222700049 ER PT J AU Weinhold, JD Curro, JG Habenschuss, A Londono, JD AF Weinhold, JD Curro, JG Habenschuss, A Londono, JD TI Self-consistent integral equation theory of polyolefins and comparison to X-ray scattering experiments SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; SATURATED-HYDROCARBON POLYMERS; LIQUID-STATE THEORY; MIXING BEHAVIOR; POLYETHYLENE MELTS; EQUILIBRIUM-THEORY; EXCESS ELECTRONS; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; SIMPLE FLUIDS; CHAIN AB Self-consistent, polymer reference interaction site model (PRISM) calculations were performed on realistic models of three polyolefin melts: polyisobutylene (PIB), isotactic polypropylene (iPP), and syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP). In these calculations, both the intramolecular and intermolecular structure of the polymer liquid are determined in a self-consistent manner. The multiple-chain problem is mapped to an equivalent single-chain Monte Carlo simulation by representing the effect; of the other chains through a "medium-induced" pairwise-additive potential calculated from PRISM theory. The intramolecular structure factor, intermolecular radial distribution Functions, and medium-induced potentials are obtained numerically from a series of Monte Carlo simulations and PRISM calculations performed iteratively until a self-consistent solution is obtained. The resulting melt structure factors are in close agreement with X-ray scattering experiments on PIE at; 25 degrees C and IPP and sPP liquids at 180 degrees C. The individual radial distribution functions between pairs of methyl, methylene, and methyne (or C atom in the case of PIE) on different macromolecules show universal behavior on long length scales; however, significant differences in local packing are found for distances less than about; 12 Angstrom. The resulting intramolecular structure functions can be employed as input to PRISM theory to deduce the packing and miscibility characteristics in polyolefin mixtures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Weinhold, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 59 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 19 PY 1999 VL 32 IS 21 BP 7276 EP 7288 DI 10.1021/ma990150y PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 247LR UT WOS:000083222700054 ER PT J AU Van Hook, WA Wilczura, H Imre, A Rebelo, LPN Melnichenko, YB AF Van Hook, WA Wilczura, H Imre, A Rebelo, LPN Melnichenko, YB TI Correlation radii for polystyrene (PS) in poor and Theta solvents from dynamic light and small angle neutron scattering. New data for PS/acetone. Remarks on PS/acetone, PS/cyclohexane, and PS/methylcyclohexane SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; ISOTOPE; DIFFUSION; ACETONE; CHAINS AB Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) correlation radii, xi and xi(SANS) are reported for polystyrene (PS)/acetone-h(6) (ACh) (DLS) and PS/ACd (DLS and SANS) solutions at near-critical concentration for (7.5 x 10(3) less than or equal to M-w/amu less than or equal to 25 x 10(3)), (0 less than or equal to P/MPa < 120) and (12 less than or equal to t/degrees C less than or equal to 91), during pressure and temperature quenches ending at or near precipitation. The data are well described in the (T,P)(psi cr) projection using the multidimensional reduced scaling formalism introduced previously. The analysis yields scaling exponents (nu similar to nu(SANS) = 0.65 +/- 0.06) which are in agreement with the theoretical value, nu(TH) = 0.63, but (xi)degrees and xi(SANS) are offset from each other, ((xi)degrees/xi(SANS)) similar to 3 The superscript "o" refers to correlation radii calculated from monomodal DLS correlograms using the Stokes-Einstein relation, (xi)degrees = k(B)T/(6 pi eta(o)D). D is the DLS diffusion coefficient, and eta(o), is the pure solvent viscosity. For PS/cyclohexane (CH) and PS/methylcyclohexane (MCH) solutions, (xi(o)/xi(SANS)) similar to 7 and similar to 20, but for all three solvents, agreement improves when eta(o) is replaced withy, the solution viscosity. Then, (xi/xi(SANS)) similar to 0.3, similar to 0.2, and similar to 3 for PS/AC, PS/CH, and PS/MCH, respectively. The results indicate the two probes are responding to the same or closely related clustering phenomena. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Warsaw, Dept Chem, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland. Atom Energy Res Inst, Dept Chem Phys, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Univ Nova Lisboa, Dept Chem, P-2825 Monte De Caparica, Portugal. RP Van Hook, WA (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Imre, Attila/E-9016-2011; Rebelo, Luis Paulo/B-5285-2008 OI Imre, Attila/0000-0003-4604-5899; NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD OCT 19 PY 1999 VL 32 IS 21 BP 7312 EP 7318 DI 10.1021/ma9902394 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 247LR UT WOS:000083222700057 ER PT J AU Boggs, PT Kearsley, AJ Tolle, JW AF Boggs, PT Kearsley, AJ Tolle, JW TI A practical algorithm for general large scale nonlinear optimization problems SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE nonlinear programming; interior point; SQP; merit function; trust region; large scale ID INEXACT NEWTON METHODS; CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION; GLOBAL CONVERGENCE AB We provide an effective and efficient implementation of a sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm for the general large scale nonlinear programming problem. In this algorithm the quadratic programming subproblems are solved by an interior point method that can be prematurely halted by a trust region constraint. Numerous computational enhancements to improve the numerical performance are presented. These include a dynamic procedure for adjusting the merit function parameter and procedures for adjusting the trust region radius. Numerical results and comparisons are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Sci & Math Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Math Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Math & Operat Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Boggs, PT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Sci & Math Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PD OCT 19 PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3 BP 755 EP 778 DI 10.1137/S105262349426722X PG 24 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 246CN UT WOS:000083146400010 ER PT J AU Hwu, Y Lai, B Mancini, DC Je, JH Noh, DY Bertolo, M Tromba, G Margaritondo, G AF Hwu, Y Lai, B Mancini, DC Je, JH Noh, DY Bertolo, M Tromba, G Margaritondo, G TI Coherence based contrast enhancement in x-ray radiography with a photoelectron microscope SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; HOLOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPY; SPECTROMICROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; MEPHISTO; SURFACES AB We show that a photoelectron spectromicroscope of the photoelectron emission microscope type can be used as an x-ray imaging detector for radiology. Using high penetration hard-x-ray photons (wavelength < 0.1 nm), samples as thick as a few millimeters can be imaged with submicron resolution. The high imaging resolution enables us to substantially decrease the object-detector distance needed to observe coherent based contrast enhancement with respect to the standard film-based detection technique. Our result implies several advantages, the most important being a marked reduction of the required source emittance for contrast enhanced radiology. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)00842-6]. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Pohang, South Korea. Kwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Elect Mat Res, Kwangju, South Korea. Kwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kwangju, South Korea. Sincrotrone Trieste SCPA, Trieste, Italy. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appl, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Hwu, Y (reprint author), Acad Sinica, Inst Phys, Taipei, Taiwan. RI Margaritondo, Giorgio/B-1367-2008 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 16 BP 2377 EP 2379 DI 10.1063/1.125020 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 245LU UT WOS:000083111100011 ER PT J AU Maiti, A Pantelides, ST Chisholm, MF Pennycook, SJ AF Maiti, A Pantelides, ST Chisholm, MF Pennycook, SJ TI Damage nucleation and vacancy-induced structural transformation in Si grain boundaries SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; RADIATION-DAMAGE AB Atomic resolution Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals preferential nucleation of electron-beam-induced damage in select atomic columns of a Si tilt grain boundary. Atomic scale simulations find that the region of initial damage nucleation corresponds to columns where the formation energies of vacancies and vacancy complexes are very low. The calculations further predict that vacancy accumulation in certain pairs of columns can induce a structural transformation to low-density dislocation "pipes" with all atoms fourfold coordinated. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)00742-1]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Maiti, A (reprint author), Mol Simulat Inc, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 16 BP 2380 EP 2382 DI 10.1063/1.125021 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 245LU UT WOS:000083111100012 ER PT J AU Alfonso, DR AF Alfonso, DR TI Characterization of silicon-silicon bonds on the Si(100) surfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SI(001); STABILITY AB The bonding nature of the surface atoms in the (2 x 1) and c(4 x 2) reconstruction of the Si(100) surface has been characterized using local analysis technique in the context of nonorthogonal tight binding approximation. We demonstrate the capability of this method to yield a real-space picture of the bonding character of the surface atoms for these systems. We also report our analysis of the surface atom bonds on the Si(100) substrate with single-dimer vacancy. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)01142-0]. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Alfonso, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 16 BP 2404 EP 2406 DI 10.1063/1.125028 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 245LU UT WOS:000083111100020 ER PT J AU Carlson, CM Parilla, PA Siegal, MP Ginley, DS Wang, YT Blaugher, RD Price, JC Overmyer, DL Venturini, EL AF Carlson, CM Parilla, PA Siegal, MP Ginley, DS Wang, YT Blaugher, RD Price, JC Overmyer, DL Venturini, EL TI LaNiO3 buffer layers for high critical current density YBa2Cu3O7-delta and Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8-delta films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEPOSITION; GROWTH AB We demonstrate high critical current density superconducting films of YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) and Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8-delta (Tl-2212) using LaNiO3 (LNO) buffer layers. YBCO films grown on an LNO buffer layer have only a slightly lower J(c) (5 K, H = 0) than films grown directly on a bare LaAlO3 substrate. YBCO films grown on LNO buffer layers exhibit minor microstructural disorder and enhanced flux pinning. LNO-buffered Tl-2212 samples show large reductions in J(c) at all temperatures and fields compared to those grown on bare LaAlO3, correlating to both a-axis grain and nonsuperconducting phase formation. LNO could be a promising buffer layer for both YBCO and Tl-based superconducting films in coated conductor applications. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)02242-1]. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carlson, CM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 16 BP 2479 EP 2481 DI 10.1063/1.125054 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 245LU UT WOS:000083111100046 ER PT J AU Gopalan, V Jia, QX Mitchell, TE AF Gopalan, V Jia, QX Mitchell, TE TI In situ video observation of 180 degrees domain kinetics in congruent LiNbO3 crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEVICES AB We report in situ observation of the nucleation and growth of ferroelectric 180 degrees domains in congruent LiNbO3 crystals. The domains nucleate and grow as six-sided polygons. The wall velocity measured at a constant field shows a spike-like behavior with time, suggesting a strong pinning-depinning type of growth mechanism. This behavior is similar to the corresponding transient current measurement which also shows current spikes during domain reversal. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(99)01642-3]. C1 Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gopalan, V (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Mat Res Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 12 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 75 IS 16 BP 2482 EP 2484 DI 10.1063/1.125055 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 245LU UT WOS:000083111100047 ER PT J AU Neese, F Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI AF Neese, F Hedman, B Hodgson, KO Solomon, EI TI Relationship between the dipole strength of ligand pre-edge transitions and metal-ligand covalency SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; HARTREE-FOCK PROCEDURE; MIXED-VALENCE DIMERS; BLUE COPPER SITE; K-EDGE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-SITES; STATE; PHOTOELECTRON; SPECTRA AB The electric dipole contributions to the observed pre-edge intensities in ligand K-edge X-ray absorption (XAS) spectra are analyzed in terms of covalent-bonding contributions between the metal and ligand for a prototype system with one hole in the d shell. One- and two-center contributions to the intensity are identified. By direct evaluation of the integrals involved in the intensity expression, the two-center terms are shown to be at least 1 order of magnitude smaller than the one-center terms and can be ignored to a reasonable approximation. The one-center terms reflect the amount of Ligand character in the partially occupied metal-based MOs and are proportional to the intrinsic transition moment of a ligand-centered 1s --> np transition. The final intensity does not contain terms proportional to the square of the metal-ligand distance as might have been expected on the basis of the analogy between ligand K-edge and ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transitions that both formally lead to transfer of electron density from the ligand to the metal. This is due to the bet that the transition density is completely localized on the ligand in the case of a ligand K-edge transition but is delocalized over the metal and the ligand in the case of a LMCT transition. The effective nuclear charge dependence of the one-center transition moment integral was studied by Hartree-Fock level calculations and was found to be small. Electronic relaxation effects were considered and found to be small-from a Hartree-Fock calculation on a cupric chloride model. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Solomon, EI (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Neese, Frank/J-4959-2014 OI Neese, Frank/0000-0003-4691-0547 NR 57 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 38 IS 21 BP 4854 EP 4860 DI 10.1021/ic990461p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 248CG UT WOS:000083257300036 ER PT J AU Ansell, S Krishnan, S Felten, JJ Price, DL AF Ansell, S Krishnan, S Felten, JJ Price, DL TI Reply to the comment of Angell and Borick SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Editorial Material ID CRYSTALLIZATION; TEMPERATURE; SILICON C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Containerless Res Inc, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP Price, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Price, David Long/A-8468-2013 NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 11 IS 41 BP 8167 EP 8168 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/11/41/320 PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 247RZ UT WOS:000083234900024 ER PT J AU Davies, NM Hollowood, TJ Khoze, VV Mattis, MP AF Davies, NM Hollowood, TJ Khoze, VV Mattis, MP TI Gluino condensate and magnetic monopoles in supersymmetric gluodynamics SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE supersymmetry; monopoles; instantons; gluino condensate; D-branes ID CHIRAL SYMMETRY-BREAKING; YANG-MILLS THEORY; GAUGE-THEORIES; MULTIINSTANTON CALCULUS; QUANTUM FLUCTUATIONS; PERIODIC INSTANTONS; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; SIGMA-MODEL; BRANES; CONFINEMENT AB We examine supersymmetric SU(N) gauge theories on R-3 x S-1 with a circle of circumference beta. These theories interpolate between four-dimensional N = 1 pure gauge theory for beta = infinity and three-dimensional N = 2 gauge theory for beta = 0. The dominant field configurations of the R-3 x S-1 SU(N) theories in the semi-classical regime arise from N varieties of monopole. Periodic instanton configurations correspond to mixed configurations of N single monopoles of the N different types. We semi-classically evaluate the non-perturbatively generated superpotential of the R-3 x S-1 theory and hence determine its vacuum structure. We then calculate monopole contributions to the gluino condensate in these theories and take the decompactification limit beta = infinity. In this way we obtain a value for the gluino condensate in the four-dimensional N = 1 supersymmetric SU(N) Yang-Mills theory, which agrees with the previously known 'weak coupling' expression but not with the 'strong coupling' expression derived in the early literature solely from instanton considerations. Moreover, we discover that the superpotential gives a mass to the dual (magnetic) photon, which implies confinement of the original electric photon and disappearance of all the massless modes. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T8, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Coll Swansea, Dept Phys, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. RP Univ Durham, Dept Phys, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM n.m.davies@durham.ac.uk; pyth@schwingerl.lanl.gov; valya.khoze@durham.ac.uk; mattis@lanl.gov OI Hollowood, Timothy/0000-0002-3258-320X; Khoze, Valentin V/0000-0003-3006-4147 NR 55 TC 122 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 559 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 142 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(99)00434-4 PG 20 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 253WW UT WOS:000083580800008 ER PT J AU White, AG James, DFV Eberhard, PH Kwiat, PG AF White, AG James, DFV Eberhard, PH Kwiat, PG TI Nonmaximally entangled states: Production, characterization, and utilization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PODOLSKY-ROSEN CHANNELS; QUANTUM-STATE; EXPERIMENTAL REALIZATION; COMMUNICATION; INEQUALITIES; TOMOGRAPHY AB Using a spontaneous-down-conversion photon source, we produce true nonmaximally entangled states, i.e., without the need for postselection. The degree and phase of entanglement are readily tunable, and are characterized both by a standard analysis using coincidence minima, and by quantum state tomography of the two-photon state. Using the latter, we experimentally reconstruct the reduced density matrix for the polarization. Finally, we use these states to measure the Hardy fraction, obtaining a result that is 122 sigma from any local-realistic result. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP White, AG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, P-23, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI James, Daniel/B-9805-2009; White, Andrew/A-1088-2009 OI James, Daniel/0000-0003-3981-4602; White, Andrew/0000-0001-9639-5200 NR 32 TC 322 Z9 331 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 16 BP 3103 EP 3107 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3103 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 245XH UT WOS:000083133200001 ER PT J AU Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amadon, A Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bagdasarov, S Baily, HW de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bettelli, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Bigongiari, C Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blusk, S Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N Brunetti, R Buckley-Geer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chiou, CN Chlebana, F Christofek, L Cropp, R Chu, ML Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Costanzo, D Couyoumtzelis, C Cronin-Hennessy, D Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D Daniels, T DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Feng, Z Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, H Fukui, Y Gadomski, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gold, M Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Green, C Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guillian, G da Costa, JG Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hauser, J Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Heiss, A Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huang, Z Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Joshi, U Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kestenbaum, D Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kim, BJ Kim, HS Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knoblauch, D Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kowald, W Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M Lanzoni, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McFarland, K McIntyre, P Melese, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Miyashita, S Moggi, N Moore, E Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Musy, M Nakada, H Nakaya, T Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Reischl, M Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strohmer, R Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Suzuki, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thurman-Keup, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Ukegawa, F Valls, J van den Brink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Volobouev, I Vidal, R Vilar, R Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Warburton, A Watanabe, T Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S AF Abe, F Akimoto, H Akopian, A Albrow, MG Amadon, A Amendolia, SR Amidei, D Antos, J Aota, S Apollinari, G Arisawa, T Asakawa, T Ashmanskas, W Atac, M Azzi-Bacchetta, P Bacchetta, N Bagdasarov, S Baily, HW de Barbaro, P Barbaro-Galtieri, A Barnes, VE Barnett, BA Barone, M Bauer, G Baumann, T Bedeschi, F Behrends, S Belforte, S Bellettini, G Bellinger, J Benjamin, D Bensinger, J Beretvas, A Berge, JP Berryhill, J Bertolucci, S Bettelli, S Bevensee, B Bhatti, A Biery, K Bigongiari, C Binkley, M Bisello, D Blair, RE Blocker, C Bloom, K Blusk, S Bodek, A Bokhari, W Bolla, G Bonushkin, Y Bortoletto, D Boudreau, J Breccia, L Bromberg, C Bruner, N Brunetti, R Buckley-Geer, E Budd, HS Burkett, K Busetto, G Byon-Wagner, A Byrum, KL Campbell, M Caner, A Carithers, W Carlsmith, D Cassada, J Castro, A Cauz, D Cerri, A Chang, PS Chang, PT Chao, HY Chapman, J Cheng, MT Chertok, M Chiarelli, G Chiou, CN Chlebana, F Christofek, L Cropp, R Chu, ML Cihangir, S Clark, AG Cobal, M Cocca, E Contreras, M Conway, J Cooper, J Cordelli, M Costanzo, D Couyoumtzelis, C Cronin-Hennessy, D Culbertson, R Dagenhart, D Daniels, T DeJongh, F Dell'Agnello, S Dell'Orso, M Demina, R Demortier, L Deninno, M Derwent, PF Devlin, T Dittmann, JR Donati, S Done, J Dorigo, T Eddy, N Einsweiler, K Elias, JE Ely, R Engels, E Erdmann, W Errede, D Errede, S Fan, Q Feild, RG Feng, Z Ferretti, C Fiori, I Flaugher, B Foster, GW Franklin, M Freeman, J Friedman, J Frisch, H Fukui, Y Gadomski, S Galeotti, S Gallinaro, M Ganel, O Garcia-Sciveres, M Garfinkel, AF Gay, C Geer, S Gerdes, DW Giannetti, P Giokaris, N Giromini, P Giusti, G Gold, M Gordon, A Goshaw, AT Gotra, Y Goulianos, K Grassmann, H Green, C Groer, L Grosso-Pilcher, C Guillian, G da Costa, JG Guo, RS Haber, C Hafen, E Hahn, SR Hamilton, R Handa, T Handler, R Hao, W Happacher, F Hara, K Hardman, AD Harris, RM Hartmann, F Hauser, J Hayashi, E Heinrich, J Heiss, A Hinrichsen, B Hoffman, KD Holck, C Hollebeek, R Holloway, L Huang, Z Huffman, BT Hughes, R Huston, J Huth, J Ikeda, H Incagli, M Incandela, J Introzzi, G Iwai, J Iwata, Y James, E Jensen, H Joshi, U Kajfasz, E Kambara, H Kamon, T Kaneko, T Karr, K Kasha, H Kato, Y Keaffaber, TA Kelley, K Kennedy, RD Kephart, R Kestenbaum, D Khazins, D Kikuchi, T Kim, BJ Kim, HS Kim, SH Kim, YK Kirsch, L Klimenko, S Knoblauch, D Koehn, P Kongeter, A Kondo, K Konigsberg, J Kordas, K Korytov, A Kovacs, E Kowald, W Kroll, J Kruse, M Kuhlmann, SE Kuns, E Kurino, K Kuwabara, T Laasanen, AT Lami, S Lammel, S Lamoureux, JI Lancaster, M Lanzoni, M Latino, G LeCompte, T Leone, S Lewis, JD Lindgren, M Liss, TM Liu, JB Liu, YC Lockyer, N Long, O Loreti, M Lucchesi, D Lukens, P Lusin, S Lys, J Maeshima, K Maksimovic, P Mangano, M Mariotti, M Marriner, JP Martignon, G Martin, A Matthews, JAJ Mazzanti, P McFarland, K McIntyre, P Melese, P Menguzzato, M Menzione, A Meschi, E Metzler, S Miao, C Miao, T Michail, G Miller, R Minato, H Miscetti, S Mishina, M Miyashita, S Moggi, N Moore, E Morita, Y Mukherjee, A Muller, T Munar, A Murat, P Murgia, S Musy, M Nakada, H Nakaya, T Nakano, I Nelson, C Neuberger, D Newman-Holmes, C Ngan, CYP Nodulman, L Nomerotski, A Oh, SH Ohmoto, T Ohsugi, T Oishi, R Okabe, M Okusawa, T Olsen, J Pagliarone, C Paoletti, R Papadimitriou, V Pappas, SP Parashar, N Parri, A Patrick, J Pauletta, G Paulini, M Perazzo, A Pescara, L Peters, MD Phillips, TJ Piacentino, G Pillai, M Pitts, KT Plunkett, R Pompos, A Pondrom, L Proudfoot, J Ptohos, F Punzi, G Ragan, K Reher, D Reischl, M Ribon, A Rimondi, F Ristori, L Robertson, WJ Robinson, A Rodrigo, T Rolli, S Rosenson, L Roser, R Saab, T Sakumoto, WK Saltzberg, D Sansoni, A Santi, L Sato, H Schlabach, P Schmidt, EE Schmidt, MP Scott, A Scribano, A Segler, S Seidel, S Seiya, Y Semeria, F Shah, T Shapiro, MD Shaw, NM Shepard, PF Shibayama, T Shimojima, M Shochet, M Siegrist, J Sill, A Sinervo, P Singh, P Sliwa, K Smith, C Snider, FD Spalding, J Speer, T Sphicas, P Spinella, F Spiropulu, M Spiegel, L Stanco, L Steele, J Stefanini, A Strohmer, R Strologas, J Strumia, F Stuart, D Sumorok, K Suzuki, J Suzuki, T Takahashi, T Takano, T Takashima, R Takikawa, K Tanaka, M Tannenbaum, B Tartarelli, F Taylor, W Tecchio, M Teng, PK Teramoto, Y Terashi, K Tether, S Theriot, D Thomas, TL Thurman-Keup, R Timko, M Tipton, P Titov, A Tkaczyk, S Toback, D Tollefson, K Tollestrup, A Toyoda, H Trischuk, W de Troconiz, JF Truitt, S Tseng, J Turini, N Uchida, T Ukegawa, F Valls, J van den Brink, SC Vejcik, S Velev, G Volobouev, I Vidal, R Vilar, R Vucinic, D Wagner, RG Wagner, RL Wahl, J Wallace, NB Walsh, AM Wang, C Wang, CH Wang, MJ Warburton, A Watanabe, T Watts, T Webb, R Wei, C Wenzel, H Wester, WC Wicklund, AB Wicklund, E Wilkinson, R Williams, HH Wilson, P Winer, BL Winn, D Wolinski, D Wolinski, J Worm, S Wu, X Wyss, J Yagil, A Yao, W Yasuoka, K Yeh, GP Yeh, P Yoh, J Yosef, C Yoshida, T Yu, I Zanetti, A Zetti, F Zucchelli, S CA CDF Collaboration TI Search for a technicolor omega(T) particle in events with a photon and a b-quark jet at Fermilab SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL SYMMETRY BREAKING; LOW-SCALE TECHNICOLOR; (P)OVER-BAR-P COLLISIONS; COLLIDER DETECTOR; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV AB If the technicolor wr particle exists, a likely decay mode is omega(T) --> gamma pi(T), followed by pi(T) --> b (b) over bar, yielding the signature gamma b (b) over bar. We have searched 85 pb(-1) of data collected by the CDF experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron for events with a photon and two jets, where one of the jets must contain a secondary vertex implying the presence of a b quark. We find no excess of events above standard model expectations. We express the result as an exclusion region in the M-omega T-M-pi T mass plane. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Acad Sinica, Garden City, NY 11530 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Udine, Italy. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Abe, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015; vilar, rocio/D-7454-2014; OI Bigongiari, Ciro/0000-0003-3293-8522; Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580; Meschi, Emilio/0000-0003-4502-6151; Bertolucci, Sergio/0000-0003-1738-4736 NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 16 BP 3124 EP 3129 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3124 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 245XH UT WOS:000083133200006 ER PT J AU Wang, FQ Pratt, S AF Wang, FQ Pratt, S TI Lambda-proton correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE-POTENTIAL APPROACH; NUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS; BARYON-BARYON SCATTERING; SPACE-TIME EXTENT; PB+PB COLLISIONS; INTERFEROMETRY; EMISSION; ENERGIES; HYPERNUCLEI; PARTICLES AB The prospect of using Lambda p correlations to extract source sizes in relativistic heavy ion collisions is investigated. It is found that the strong interaction induces a large peak in the correlation function that provides more sensitive source size measurements than pp correlations under some circumstances. The prospect of using Lambda p correlations to measure the time lag between lambda and proton emissions is also studied. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Supercond Cyclotron Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Wang, FQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 16 BP 3138 EP 3141 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3138 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 245XH UT WOS:000083133200009 ER PT J AU Oganessian, YT Utyonkov, VK Lobanov, YV Abdullin, FS Polyakov, AN Shirokovsky, IV Tsyganov, YS Gulbekian, GG Bogomolov, SL Gikal, BN Mezentsev, AN Iliev, S Subbotin, VG Sukhov, AM Buklanov, GV Subotic, K Itkis, MG Moody, KJ Wild, JF Stoyer, NJ Stoyer, MA Lougheed, RW AF Oganessian, YT Utyonkov, VK Lobanov, YV Abdullin, FS Polyakov, AN Shirokovsky, IV Tsyganov, YS Gulbekian, GG Bogomolov, SL Gikal, BN Mezentsev, AN Iliev, S Subbotin, VG Sukhov, AM Buklanov, GV Subotic, K Itkis, MG Moody, KJ Wild, JF Stoyer, NJ Stoyer, MA Lougheed, RW TI Synthesis of superheavy nuclei in the Ca-48+Pu-244 reaction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID N=162 AB In bombardment of Pu-244 With Ca-48, we observed a decay sequence consisting of an implanted heavy atom, three subsequent a decays, and a spontaneous fission (SF), all correlated in time and position. The measured cu energies and corresponding time intervals were E-alpha = 9.71 MeV (Delta t = 30.4 s), 8.67 MeV (Delta t = 15.4 min), and 8.83 MeV (Delta t = 1.6 min): for the SF (Delta t = 16.5 min), the total deposited energy was approximately 190 MeV. The a-particle energies together with the decay times and SF terminating the chain offer evidence of the decay of nuclei with high atomic numbers. This decay chain is a good candidate for originating from the a decay of the parent nucleus (289)114, produced with a cross section of about 1 pb. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Oganessian, YT (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. NR 21 TC 320 Z9 330 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 16 BP 3154 EP 3157 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3154 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 245XH UT WOS:000083133200013 ER PT J AU Ji, HT AF Ji, HT TI Turbulent dynamos and magnetic helicity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT DRIVE; FIELDS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; PLASMA; WAVES; RELAXATION AB It is shown that the turbulent-dynamo alpha effect converts magnetic helicity from the turbulent field to the mean field when the turbulence is electromagnetic, while the magnetic helicity of the mean field is transported across space when the turbulence is electrostatic or due to the electron diamagnetic effect. In all cases, however, the dynamo effect strictly conserves the total helicity except for resistive effects and a small battery effect. Implications for astrophysical situations, especially for the solar dynamo, are discussed. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Ji, HT (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 31 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 16 BP 3198 EP 3201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3198 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 245XH UT WOS:000083133200024 ER PT J AU Govil, R Leemans, WP Backhaus, EY Wurtele, JS AF Govil, R Leemans, WP Backhaus, EY Wurtele, JS TI Observation of return current effects in a passive plasma lens SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATOR AB Observations of relativistic beam focusing by a passive plasma lens have demonstrated a reduction in focusing strength due to plasma return current. A 50 MeV beam was propagated through a 1-3 cm long plasma with density around 10(14) cm(-3). Beam size was measured as a function of propagation distance. For a ratio of collisionless plasma skin depth to beam spot size k(p)sigma(r) = 0.33, no significant reduction in focusing was observed. Reduced focusing was measured for k(p)sigma(r) = 1.1, where a significant fraction of the inductively driven return current in the plasma flows within the beam. The observations are in good agreement with an envelope equation model and with particle-in-cell simulations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Govil, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Beam Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI wurtele, Jonathan/J-6278-2016 OI wurtele, Jonathan/0000-0001-8401-0297 NR 21 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 16 BP 3202 EP 3205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 245XH UT WOS:000083133200025 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Ramdas, AK Rodriguez, S Grimsditch, M Anthony, TR AF Kim, HJ Ramdas, AK Rodriguez, S Grimsditch, M Anthony, TR TI Magnetospectroscopy of acceptors in "blue" diamonds SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPICALLY CONTROLLED DIAMONDS; SEMICONDUCTING DIAMOND; ELECTRONIC RAMAN; INFRARED-SPECTRA; BORON AB The Zeeman effect of the Delta' [1s(p(3/2)):Gamma(8) --> 1s(p(1/2)):Gamma(7)] Raman line of boron accepters in diamond exhibits the predicted eight components and four transitions within the: Gamma(8) multiplet, discovered under diverse polarization configurations with high resolution Fably-Perot interferometry. A theory in terms of the pronounced hole mass anisotropy explains the observed level ordering, polarizations, and the sign and magnitude of the intrinsic g factor of the hole. A striking mutual exclusion of Stokes and anti-Stokes features occurs in specific circular polarization configurations. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. GE, Ctr Corp Res & Dev, Schenectady, NY 12309 USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 16 BP 3254 EP 3257 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3254 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 245XH UT WOS:000083133200038 ER PT J AU Holt, M Wu, Z Hong, HW Zschack, P Jemian, P Tischler, J Chen, H Chiang, TC AF Holt, M Wu, Z Hong, HW Zschack, P Jemian, P Tischler, J Chen, H Chiang, TC TI Determination of phonon dispersions from X-ray transmission scattering: The example of silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DIAMOND AB A beam of monochromatic synchrotron x-ray incident on a silicon wafer creates a rich intensity pattern behind the wafer that reflects the cross section of scattering by thermally populated phonons. A least-squares fit of the patterns based on a lattice dynamics calculation yields the phonon dispersion relations over the entire reciprocal space. This simple and efficient method is suitable for phonon studies in essentially all materials, and complements the traditional neutron scattering technique. C1 Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chiang, TC (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, 104 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Chiang, Tai/H-5528-2011 NR 14 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 16 BP 3317 EP 3319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3317 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 245XH UT WOS:000083133200054 ER PT J AU Lamoreaux, SK AF Lamoreaux, SK TI Precision measurement of the Casimir force from 0.1 to 0.9 mu m - Comment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P 23, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lamoreaux, SK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P 23, Mail Stop H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD OCT 18 PY 1999 VL 83 IS 16 BP 3340 EP 3340 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.3340 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 245XH UT WOS:000083133200060 ER PT J AU Jacobson, SC McKnight, TE Ramsey, JM AF Jacobson, SC McKnight, TE Ramsey, JM TI Microfluidic devices for electrokinetically driven parallel and serial mixing SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MICROCHIP CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; POSTCOLUMN REACTOR; SEPARATION; CHIPS; SYSTEMS AB Microfabricated devices for parallel and serial mixing of fluids are demonstrated. To simplify the voltage control hardware, electrokinetic mixing is effected using a single voltage source with the channels dimensioned to perform the desired voltage division, In addition, the number of fluid reservoirs is reduced by terminating multiple buffer, sample, of analysis channels in single reservoirs. The parallel mixing device is designed with a series of independent T-intersections, and the serial mixing device is based on an array of cross intersections and sample shunting. These devices were tested by mixing a sample with buffer in a dilution experiment. Sample fractions of 1.0, 0.84, 0.67, 0.51, 0.36, 0.19, and 0 were generated for the parallel mixing device, and sample fractions of 1.0, 0.36, 0.21, 0.12, and 0.06 for the serial mixing device. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Jacobson, SC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI McKnight, Tim/H-3087-2011 OI McKnight, Tim/0000-0003-4326-9117 NR 19 TC 185 Z9 188 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 20 BP 4455 EP 4459 DI 10.1021/ac990576a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 247GH UT WOS:000083212400004 ER PT J AU Fister, JC Jacobson, SC Ramsey, JM AF Fister, JC Jacobson, SC Ramsey, JM TI Ultrasensitive cross correlation electrophoresis on microchip devices SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLEX GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; SEPARATIONS; SAMPLE; CHIPS AB Cross-correlation electrophoresis with fluorescence detection on a microchip device was used to resolve a mixture of 63 pM fluorescein and 70 pM dichlorofluorescein. The signal-to-noise ratios of analyte peaks in a correlogram derived from a 9-bit pseudorandom injection sequence were similar to 17 for dichlorofluorescein and similar to 6 for fluorescein. In contrast, neither peak was detected in a conventional electropherogram obtained on the microchip. Detection limits estimated from a correlogram derived from the average of 12 7-bit correlograms were 6.5 pM dichlorofluorescein and 21 pM fluorescein. These are the lowest detection limits reported for a microchip separation device using analog detection and the first example of crosscorrelation electrophoresis on a monolithic device. The small injection volumes, injection reproducibility, and rapid separations enabled by microchip devices make cross-correlation multiplex injection schemes a viable approach for achieving enhanced sensitivity. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ramsey, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 20 BP 4460 EP 4464 DI 10.1021/ac990853d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 247GH UT WOS:000083212400005 ER PT J AU Grate, JW Wise, BM Abraham, MH AF Grate, JW Wise, BM Abraham, MH TI Method for unknown vapor characterization and classification using a multivariate sorption detector. Initial derivation and modeling based on polymer-coated acoustic wave sensor arrays and linear solvation energy relationships SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THICKNESS-SHEAR-MODE; VOLATILE ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; ODOR-SENSING SYSTEM; LOG K-VALUES; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; MULTICOMPONENT ANALYSIS; STATIONARY PHASES; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; IRRITATION THRESHOLDS; PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTAL AB A novel method for the characterization and classification of unknown vapors based on the response on an away of polymer-coated acoustic wave vapor sensors is presented. Unlike existing classification algorithms, the method does not require that the system be trained on all samples to be identified. Instead, the solvation parameters of the unknown vapor are estimated given the sensor responses and the linear solvation energy relationship coefficients of the sorbent polymer coatings. The vapors can then be identified from a database of candidate vapor parameters. The method is implemented in a way that is analogous to multivariate calibration with classical least squares, where the individual vapor parameters are treated as pure compounds. It is not necessary to know the vapor concentration of the vapor to perform the classification. In principle, it is possible to estimate the concentration of an unknown vapor for which the system has not been trained or calibrated. It is also possible to implement the method using inverse least-squares models, based on training samples. This new method for characterizing and classifying unknown compounds based on the responses of a multivariate sorption detector is demonstrated with synthetic data. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Eigenvector Res Inc, Manson, WA 98831 USA. Univ London Univ Coll, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 84 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 20 BP 4544 EP 4553 DI 10.1021/ac990336v PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 247GH UT WOS:000083212400017 ER PT J AU Soderholm, L Antonio, MR Williams, C Wasserman, SR AF Soderholm, L Antonio, MR Williams, C Wasserman, SR TI XANES spectroelectrochemistry: a new method for determining formal potentials SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; NERNSTIAN PLOTS; SPECTROSCOPY; PLUTONIUM; NEPTUNIUM; CELL; IONS AB Proof-of-concept experiments are presented outlining the use of X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) in the determination of formal potentials. Two redox couples of Np in 1 M perchloric acid are used for the demonstration. XANES data obtained as a function of applied potential are used to quantitatively determine the relative concentrations of Np(VI)/Np(V) and Np(IV)/Np(III). Bulk electrolysis is done in the X-ray beam with the solution maintained under electrochemical control. Relative concentrations are extracted from the data using a principal component (factor) analysis. The formal potentials of the two redox couples determined using this method agree with those previously published. The results establish in situ XANES spectroelectrochemistry as a viable method for determining formal potentials. Examples, taken from environmental or heteropolyanion chemistry, are discussed for which this methodology will provide information currently unavailable from other established techniques. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Soderholm, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 39 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 20 BP 4622 EP 4628 DI 10.1021/ac990080t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 247GH UT WOS:000083212400029 ER PT J AU Hurst, GB Buchanan, MV Foote, LJ Kennel, SJ AF Hurst, GB Buchanan, MV Foote, LJ Kennel, SJ TI Analysis for TNF-alpha using solid-phase affinity capture with radiolabel and MALDI-MS detection SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LASER-DESORPTION IONIZATION; BIOMOLECULAR INTERACTION ANALYSIS; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; REPRODUCIBILITY; CYTOKINES AB Screening of mutant mice for subtle phenotypes requires sensitive,high-throughput analyses of sentinel proteins in functional pathways, The cytokine TNF-alpha is upregulated during inflammatory reactions associated with auto-immune diseases. We have developed a method to monitor the concentration of TNF-alpha under physiological conditions, TNF-alpha is captured, purified, and concentrated using monoclonal antibody-coated microbeads. The capture is efficient (>80%) and can be used in the concentration range <100 pg/mL to >50 ng/mL, as determined by detection of I-125-labeled TNF-alpha. The bead capture of TNF-alpha can be combined with direct detection by MALDI-MS for sample concentrations of >10 ng/mL. TNF-alpha can be captured and detected from diluted mouse serum, with minimal interferences observed in the MALDI spectrum. This method-is adaptable to high-throughput sample handling with microfluidic devices and automated mass spectrometric analysis. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hurst, GB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Buchanan, Michelle/J-1562-2016 OI Buchanan, Michelle/0000-0002-8078-4575 NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 71 IS 20 BP 4727 EP 4733 DI 10.1021/ac9905423 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 247GH UT WOS:000083212400044 PM 10546537 ER PT J AU Nijjar, T Wigington, D Garbe, JC Waha, A Stampfer, MR Yaswen, P AF Nijjar, T Wigington, D Garbe, JC Waha, A Stampfer, MR Yaswen, P TI p57(KIP2) expression and loss heterozygosity during immortal conversion of cultured human mammary epithelial cells SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BECKWITH-WIEDEMANN-SYNDROME; DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENE; RETROVIRAL VECTORS; P16 INACTIVATION; BREAST-CANCER; TRANSFORMATION; GROWTH; DIFFERENTIATION; TUMORIGENESIS AB We have uncovered a novel role for the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p57(KIP2), during the immortalization of cultured human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). HMECs immortalized after chemical carcinogen exposure initially expressed little or no telomerase activity, and their telomeres continued to shorten with passage. Cell populations whose mean terminal restriction fragment (TRF) length declined to less than or equal to 3 kb exhibited slow heterogeneous growth and contained many nonproliferative cells. These conditionally immortal HMEC cultures accumulated large quantities of p57 protein. With continued passage, the conditionally immortal cell populations very gradually converted to a fully immortal phenotype of good uniform growth, expression of high levels of telomerase activity, and stabilization of telomere length. The fully immortal HMECs that grew well did not accumulate p57 in G(o) or during the cell cycle. DNA and RNA analysis of mass populations and individual subclones of conditionally immortal HMEC line 184A1 showed that continued growth of conditionally immortal cells with critically short telomeres was repeatedly accompanied by loss of the expressed p57 allele and transient expression of the allele imprinted previously. Conditionally immortal 184A1 with mean TRF >3 kb, infected with retroviruses containing the p57 gene, exhibited premature slow heterogeneous growth. Conversely, exogenous expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic subunit of telomerase, in 184A1 with mean TRF >3 kb prevented both the slow heterogeneous growth phase and accumulation of p57 in cycling populations. These data indicate that in HMECs that have overcome replicative senescence, p57 may provide an additional barrier against indefinite proliferation. Overcoming p57-mediated growth inhibition in these cells may be crucial for acquisition of the unlimited growth potential thought to be critical for malignant progression. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Ludwig Inst Canc Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Yaswen, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Mailstop 934-47A,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-24844] NR 37 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 59 IS 20 BP 5112 EP 5118 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 248GU UT WOS:000083267400013 PM 10537284 ER PT J AU Nagesha, K Pinnaduwage, LA AF Nagesha, K Pinnaduwage, LA TI Magnetic and electric field-induced enhancements in laser-induced anion formation SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR RYDBERG STATES; LONG-TIME STABILITY; COLLISIONAL ENHANCEMENT; AROMATIC-MOLECULES; EXCITED-STATES; NEGATIVE-IONS; ATTACHMENT; LIFETIMES; DYNAMICS; DISSOCIATION AB We report the first observation of magnetic and electric field-induced enhancements in anion formation from a laser-irradiated molecule. Enhanced anion formation in laser-excited benzene in the presence of electric and magnetic fields is reported. These enhancements are primarily due to the field-induced stabilization of the Rydberg states involved in the anion formation. When compared with magnetic fields, electric fields were found to contribute to a much lesser extent due to concurrent field ionization of high-lying Rydberg states. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Pinnaduwage, LA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 312 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)00903-3 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 247CT UT WOS:000083203600004 ER PT J AU Gauthier, PJ Condomines, M AF Gauthier, PJ Condomines, M TI Pb-210-Ra-226 radioactive disequilibria in recent lavas and radon degassing: inferences on the magma chamber dynamics at Stromboli and Merapi volcanoes SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Stromboli; Merapi; radioactivity; equilibrium; magmas; degassing; dynamics; volcanic processes ID U-SERIES DISEQUILIBRIA; RESIDENCE TIME; SYSTEMATICS; EVOLUTION; INDONESIA; ETNA; ERUPTIONS; NUCLIDES; ELEMENTS; SEAMOUNT AB U-series and especially Pb-210-Ra-226 disequilibria have been measured in recently erupted lavas from the Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy) and Merapi (Java, Indonesia) volcanoes. Both volcanoes display Th-230-U-238 disequilibria (with a Th enrichment for Stromboli and a U enrichment for Merapi, respectively), strong Ra-226 enrichments over Th-230 (whereas Ra-228-Th-232 equilibrium is ubiquitous), and a contrasted evolution of their (Pb-210/Ra-226) activity ratios calculated at the time of eruption. While these ratios are always close to the equilibrium value of 1 at Stromboli, they show significant variations at Merapi (from 0.75 to 1). It is suggested that the low (Pb-210/Ra-226) activity ratios result from continuous degassing of Rn-222, the precursor of Pb-210 in the decay series, from a shallow magma chamber. A model assuming a physical steady-state of the shallow magma reservoir is proposed, linking the (Pb-210/Ra-226) ratio of the magma to the fraction of Rn-222 lost and to the renewal rate (or residence time) of the magma in the shallow reservoir. The near equilibrium (Pb-210/Ra-226) ratios at Stromboli imply a high renewal rate of the shallow reservoir (in the range 0.7-3 yr(-1)) in agreement with its persistent explosive activity. The volume of the reservoir is estimated at 1.3 +/- 1.2 x 10(7) m(3). In contrast, the variability of (Pb-210/Ra-226) ratios at Merapi is interpreted by successive phases of nearly closed-system evolution of the shallow magma chamber (with continuous Rn degassing) and episodes of reinjections and mixing of a deep undegassed magma in this reservoir. Its volume is estimated at 1.6 x 10(7) m(3). (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Blaise Pascal, CNRS UMR 6524, OPGC, F-63038 Clermont Ferrand, France. Ctr Rech Volcanol, F-63038 Clermont Ferrand, France. RP Gauthier, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES1 Grp MS D462, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 48 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 172 IS 1-2 BP 111 EP 126 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00195-8 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 252XL UT WOS:000083527500009 ER PT J AU Blondal, T Thorbjarnardottir, SH Kieleczawa, J Einarsson, JM Hjorleifsdottir, S Kristjansson, JK Eggertsson, G AF Blondal, T Thorbjarnardottir, SH Kieleczawa, J Einarsson, JM Hjorleifsdottir, S Kristjansson, JK Eggertsson, G TI Cloning, sequence analysis and overexpression of a Rhodothermus marinus gene encoding a thermostable thymidine kinase SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE salvage pathway; thymidine kinase; thermostability; Rhodothermus marinus ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; BACTERIUM; IDENTIFICATION; PURIFICATION; DOMAIN AB Thymidine kinase type II is an important part of the pyrimidine salvage pathway. The thymidine kinase gene from the thermophilic eubacterium Rhodothermus marinus was cloned, sequenced and overexpressed. The gene is 639 bp and encodes a protein of 213 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 23.6 kDa, It shows homology to other thymidine kinase proteins from eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, The recombinant protein is inhibited by dNTPs but not by dNDPs. It is a tetramer in its native slate. Its optimum temperature of activity is 65 degrees C and it has a half life of 15 min at 90 degrees C. This is the first thymidine kinase to be described from a thermophilic bacterium. (C) 1999 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Iceland, Inst Biol, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Long Isl, NY USA. GENIS, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. Technol Inst Iceland, Dept Biotechnol, Keldnaholt, Iceland. RP Eggertsson, G (reprint author), Univ Iceland, Inst Biol, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 179 IS 2 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.1016/S0378-1097(99)00428-0 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 245QH UT WOS:000083119300017 PM 10518731 ER PT J AU Pierce, AJ Johnson, RD Thompson, LH Jasin, M AF Pierce, AJ Johnson, RD Thompson, LH Jasin, M TI XRCC3 promotes homology-directed repair of DNA damage in mammalian cells SO GENES & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE homologous recombination; double-strand break repair; gene conversion; mammalian cells; XRCC3; Rad51-related proteins ID STRAND BREAK REPAIR; RAY-SENSITIVE MUTANTS; REPLICATION PROTEIN-A; IONIZING-RADIATION; RAD51 PROTEIN; CROSS-SENSITIVITY; GENE CONVERSION; RECOMBINATION; DISRUPTION; RESISTANCE AB Homology-directed repair of DNA damage has recently emerged as a major mechanism for the maintenance of genomic integrity in mammalian cells. The highly conserved strand transferase, Rad51, is expected to be critical for this process. XRCC3 possesses a limited sequence similarity to Rad51 and interacts with it. Using a novel fluorescence-based assay, we demonstrate here that error-free homology-directed repair of DNA double-strand breaks is decreased 25-fold in an XRCC3-deficient hamster cell line and can be restored to wild-type levels through XRCC3 expression. These results establish that XRCC3-mediated homologous recombination can reverse DNA damage that would otherwise be mutagenic or lethal. C1 Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Cell Biol Program, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Cornell Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Jasin, M (reprint author), Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Cell Biol Program, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [F32 GM018640, GM18640, GM54688] NR 40 TC 667 Z9 684 U1 0 U2 11 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS PI PLAINVIEW PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, PLAINVIEW, NY 11724 USA SN 0890-9369 J9 GENE DEV JI Genes Dev. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 13 IS 20 BP 2633 EP 2638 DI 10.1101/gad.13.20.2633 PG 6 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 250ZV UT WOS:000083420900003 PM 10541549 ER PT J AU Lumetta, GJ McNamara, BK Rapko, BM Hutchison, JE AF Lumetta, GJ McNamara, BK Rapko, BM Hutchison, JE TI Complexation of uranyl ion by tetrahexylmalonamides: an equilibrium modeling and infrared spectroscopic study SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE extraction equilibria; uranium complexes; amide complexes ID NITRIC-ACID SOLUTION; EXTRACTION; N,N-DIALKYLAMIDES; MALONAMIDES; SCATTERING; ACTINIDES; CRYSTAL; NITRATE; DIAMIDE; PU(IV) AB We investigated the extraction of uranyl nitrate from aqueous sodium nitrate with a series of tetrahexylmalonamides. The tetrahexylmalonamides considered were N,N,N',N'-tetrahexylmalonamide (THMA), N,N,N',N'-tetrahexyl-2-methylmalonamide (MeTHMA), and N,N,N',N'-tetrahexyl-2,2-dimethylmalonamide (DiMeTHMA). This series allowed for a systematic determination of the effects of alkyl substitution of the methylene carbon. Equilibrium modeling of the extraction data indicates that at 1 M NaNO3, two extracted species are formed: UO2(NO3)(2)L-2 and UO2(NO3)(2)L-3. The relative abundance of these two species depends on the nature of the tetrahexylmalonamide ligand. The UO2(NO3)(2)L-2 species is dominant in the DiMeTHMA system, with very little formation of the UO2(NO3)(2)L-3 species. In contrast, the UO2(NO3)(2)L-3 species is more predominant in the MeTHMA case. The case of THMA lies in between. The greater propensity of MeTHMA versus THMA to bind in a 3:1 fashion to uranyl ion might reflect the greater basicity of the carbonyl oxygens in MeTHMA. The fact that DiMeTHMA binds primarily in 2:1 fashion suggests that steric constraints are more important in that ligand. As the nitrate concentration is increased, the ligand-to-metal ratios tend to decrease, i.e. the UO2(NO3)L-2 species tends to predominate, while the UO2(NO3)(2)L-3 species becomes less important. In the case of THMA and MeTHMA, equilibrium modeling suggests the existence of a UO2(NO3)(2)L species at higher nitrate concentrations. FTIR spectral studies confirm that at least two uranyl-THMA complexes formed, one of which has been identified as UO2(NO3)(2)(THMA) by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The identity of the second species has not been definitively determined, but is most likely UO2(NO3)(2)(THMA)(2). (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. RP Lumetta, GJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 293 IS 2 BP 195 EP 205 DI 10.1016/S0020-1693(99)00238-8 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 249GV UT WOS:000083325700008 ER PT J AU Geng, H Heckman, JW Pratt, WP Bass, J Espinosa, FJ Conradson, SD Lederman, D Crimp, MA AF Geng, H Heckman, JW Pratt, WP Bass, J Espinosa, FJ Conradson, SD Lederman, D Crimp, MA TI Occasional "long-range" nonequilibrium body-centered-cubic structures in NiFe/Cu spin valves SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; FCC-BCC BOUNDARIES; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MULTILAYERS; COPPER; IMAGE; BEAM; HREM; CU AB We describe conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) characterization of the microstructure of sputtered NiFe/Cu giant magnetoresistance spin valves (Cu/FeMn/NiFe/Cu/NiFe) sandwiched between thick Nb contact layers. Six spin valves, sputtered at different temperatures, three with thin (3 nm) and three with thick (24 and 30 nm) NiFe layers, were studied. All of the spin-valve layers were smooth and continuous, consisting of columnar grains generally 20-90 nm wide. In most cases, the grains had grown epitaxially from the bottom contact, through the entire multilayer, to the top contact layer. The columnar grains grew on the closest-packed planes (i.e., {110} planes for bcc Nb and {111} planes for fcc Cu, FeMn, and NiFe spin-valve components). This epitaxial growth yields an apparent Kurdjumov-Sachs {111}(fcc)parallel to{110}(bcc); < 110 >(fcc)parallel to < 111 >(bcc) orientation relationship. However, HRTEM imaging supported by fast Fourier transform analysis reveals that in some of the columnar grains the Cu, FeMn, and NiFe layers take up a nonequilibrium bcc structure. In these cases, the bcc Cu, FeMn, and NiFe layers grow on {110} planes and are epitaxial with the Nb contacts for the individual grain columns. While bcc Cu has been observed elsewhere, the length scale of the nonequilibrium bcc phases reported here is an order of magnitude greater than previously observed. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)04920-8]. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Mech, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Ctr Electron Opt, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol MST 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Geng, H (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Mech, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 8 BP 4166 EP 4175 DI 10.1063/1.371342 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 240TB UT WOS:000082840300014 ER PT J AU Hochbauer, T Walter, KC Schwarz, RB Nastasi, M Bower, RW Ensinger, W AF Hochbauer, T Walter, KC Schwarz, RB Nastasi, M Bower, RW Ensinger, W TI The influence of boron ion implantation on hydrogen blister formation in n-type silicon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SI; DIFFUSION AB We have studied the formation of surface blisters in < 100 > n-type silicon following co-implantation with boron and hydrogen. The silicon substrates had four different n-type dopant levels, ranging from 10(14) to 10(19) cm(-3). These substrates were implanted with 240 keV B+ ions to a dose of 10(15) cm(-2), followed by a rapid thermal anneal at 900 degrees C for 30-60 s to force the boron atoms into substitutional lattice positions (activation). The samples were then implanted with 40 keV H+ to a dose of 5 x 10(16) cm(-2). The implanted H+ distribution peaks at a depth of about 475 nm, whereas the distribution in the implanted B+ is broader and peaks at about 705 nm. To evaluate the role of the B+ implantation, control samples were prepared by implanting with H+ only. Following the H+ implantation, all the samples were vacuum annealed at 390 degrees C for 10 min. Blisters resulting from subsurface cracking at depths of about 400 nm, were observed in most of the B+ implanted samples, but not in the samples implanted with H+ only. This study indicates that the blistering results from the coalescence of implanted H into bubbles. The doping with B facilitates the short-range migration of the H interstitials and the formation of bubbles. A comparison of the observed crack depth with the depth of the damage peak resulting from the H+ implantation (evaluated by the computer code TRIM) suggests that the nucleation of H bubbles occurs at the regions of maximum radiation damage, and not at the regions of maximum H concentration. For given values of B+ and H+ doping, the blister density was found to decrease with increasing n-type doping, when the boron is activated. Blister formation was also observed in B+ implanted samples which had not been activated. In this case, the blister density was found to increase with increasing value of n-type doping. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)02820-0]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Marburg, Fachbereich Chem, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Hochbauer, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 8 BP 4176 EP 4183 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 240TB UT WOS:000082840300015 ER PT J AU Justo, JF Bulatov, VV Yip, S AF Justo, JF Bulatov, VV Yip, S TI Dislocation core reconstruction and its effect on dislocation mobility in silicon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 90-DEGREES PARTIAL DISLOCATION; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; CONDENSED PHASES; DEFECTS; KINKS AB Through atomistic calculations of kink nucleation and migration in the core of partial dislocations in silicon we demonstrate that symmetry-breaking structural reconstructions will strongly affect dislocation mobility. Core reconstructions give rise to multiple kink species, and, relative to kinks in an unreconstructed dislocation, an increase in kink formation and migration energies. These factors provide additional resistance to dislocation motion which scales with the energy reconstruction. Our results indicate that the observed variations of dislocation mobility in going from elemental to IV-IV, and further to III-V and II-VI zinc-blende semiconductors, can be attributed in part to the weakening of core reconstruction across the series. (C) 1999 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(99)06220-9]. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MIT, Dept Nucl Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Justo, JF (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, CP 66318, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD OCT 15 PY 1999 VL 86 IS 8 BP 4249 EP 4257 DI 10.1063/1.371353 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 240TB UT WOS:000082840300025 ER EF