FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Bandey, HL Martin, SJ Cernosek, RW Hillman, AR AF Bandey, HL Martin, SJ Cernosek, RW Hillman, AR BE Butler, M Yamazoe, N Vanysek, P Aizawa, M TI Equivalent-circuit model for the TSM resonator with a viscoelastic film near film resonance SO CHEMICAL SENSORS IV, PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Chemical Sensor IV Symposium CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys ID QUARTZ RESONATOR AB A new equivalent-circuit model for the thickness sheer mode resonator with a surface viscoelastic layer will be described. This model is valid only in the vicinity of a film resonance but is a reasonable approximation away from resonance. A simple resonant parallel circuit containing a resistor, a capacitor, and an inductor represents the electrical impedance of the film. These elements describe the film's viscous power dissipation, elastic energy storage, and kinetic energy storage, respectively. Resonator response comparisons between this lumped-element model and the general transmission-line model show good agreement over a range of film phase conditions and not just near film resonance. Under certain conditions, it will be shown that two peaks in the admittance magnitude are observed for operation at film resonance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microsensor R&D Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bandey, HL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microsensor R&D Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-246-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 23 BP 320 EP 325 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BN57K UT WOS:000082288100047 ER PT B AU Schubert, WK Adkins, DR Butler, MA Martin, SJ Mitchell, MA Kottenstette, R Wessendorf, KO AF Schubert, WK Adkins, DR Butler, MA Martin, SJ Mitchell, MA Kottenstette, R Wessendorf, KO BE Butler, M Yamazoe, N Vanysek, P Aizawa, M TI Chemical sensing with a magnetically-excited flexural plate wave resonator SO CHEMICAL SENSORS IV, PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Chemical Sensor IV Symposium CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys AB Chemical sensing with a magnetically excited flexural plate wave (mag-FPW) resonator has been demonstrated for the first time. One surface of the resonator was coated with ethyl cellulose to impart sensitivity to volatile solvents such as chloroform, tetrachloraethylene, trichloroethylene, and toluene. The absorbed mass of the analyte causes a shift in the membrane resonance frequency of the two-port mag-FPW resonator. Al? oscillator circuit is used to track the resonance frequency, providing a convenient means of monitoring analyte concentration levels. Analyte concentrations of 10 ppm were easily detected. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schubert, WK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-246-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 23 BP 332 EP 335 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BN57K UT WOS:000082288100049 ER PT B AU Hu, ZY Thundat, T Warmack, RJ AF Hu, ZY Thundat, T Warmack, RJ BE Butler, M Yamazoe, N Vanysek, P Aizawa, M TI Metal coated microcantilever hydrogen and mercury sensors SO CHEMICAL SENSORS IV, PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Chemical Sensor IV Symposium CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys ID RESONATING MICROCANTILEVERS; MICROMECHANICAL SENSORS; CANTILEVERS; PALLADIUM; ALLOYS AB Sensors selective for hydrogen and mercury vapor were formed by coating microcantilevers with thin films of palladium and gold, respectively. The absorption mechanisms are very different, hydrogen reversibly absorbing into palladium and mercury vapor irreversibly absorbing onto gold at room temperature. The sensitivity can be made very high with equivalent readout noise ranging to parts-per-billion (ppb) or less in some cases. Both theoretical and experimental results indicate the existence of optimal coating thickness for detection sensitivity and response time. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hu, ZY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-246-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 23 BP 347 EP 354 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BN57K UT WOS:000082288100051 ER PT B AU Cernosek, RW Rumpf, AN Sanchez, GJ Wojahn, CK Pohl, R AF Cernosek, RW Rumpf, AN Sanchez, GJ Wojahn, CK Pohl, R BE Butler, M Yamazoe, N Vanysek, P Aizawa, M TI A narrowband impedance measurement technique for thickness shear mode resonator sensors SO CHEMICAL SENSORS IV, PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Chemical Sensor IV Symposium CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys ID QUARTZ MICROBALANCE; LIQUID AB This paper discusses a new technique for measuring the impedance response of thickness shear mode (TSM) resonators used as fluid monitors and chemical sensors. The technique simulates the swept frequency measurements performed by an automatic network analyzer (ANA), determining the complex reflection scattering parameter, SII, from single port devices. Unlike oscillator circuits most often used with TSM resonators, narrowband spectral measurements are not limited by cable capacitance between resonator and oscillator allowing placement of the sensor in severe environments. Only noise produced by long cable lengths limits performance and sensor sensitivity. This new technique utilizes a simple swept frequency source operating near the crystal resonance, a unique directional coupler to provide the reference and reflected RF signals, an I & Q demodulation circuit that returns two de voltages, and computational algorithms for determining sensor response parameters. Performance has been evaluated by comparing TSM resonator responses using this new technique to those from a commercial ANA. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Microsensor Res & Dev Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cernosek, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Microsensor Res & Dev Dept, POB 5800,MS 1425, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-246-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 23 BP 355 EP 360 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BN57K UT WOS:000082288100052 ER PT B AU Butler, MA Andrzejewski, W AF Butler, MA Andrzejewski, W BE Butler, M Yamazoe, N Vanysek, P Aizawa, M TI Chemical sensing at the parts per trillion level with a fiber optic sensor SO CHEMICAL SENSORS IV, PROCEEDINGS OF THE SYMPOSIUM SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Chemical Sensor IV Symposium CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys AB Chemical detection of gaseous species at very low vapor pressures is possible for materials with very low, saturation vapor pressures. A saturation Vapor pressure implies equilibrium with the solid or liquid phase of the material. Thus partitioning of the gaseous species into a phase such as a polymer, will result in a very large concentration of the species in the solid phase and greatly enhanced ability to detect this species. The concentration in the polymer of the species to be detected is limited by the solubility of the species in that phase. In this presentation we discuss such a situation were 2-nitro-diphenylamine (2NDPA) is detected in the gas phase at room temperature at the few parts per trillion lever. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Butler, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-246-X J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 23 BP 386 EP 389 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BN57K UT WOS:000082288100057 ER PT B AU Wymer, RG AF Wymer, RG BE Choppin, GR Khankhasayev, MK TI Reprocessing of nuclear fuel - Overview critique of worldwide experience and engineering technology challenges for separations SO CHEMICAL SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES AND RELATED METHODS OF NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SUB-SER 2, ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advances Study Institute on Chemical Separation Technologies and Related Methods of Nuclear Waste Management CY MAY 18-28, 1998 CL JOINT INST NUCLEAR RES, DUBNA, RUSSIA SP NATO HO JOINT INST NUCLEAR RES AB Nuclear fuel reprocessing was developed for recovery of plutonium for use in nuclear weapons with regard for ultimate disposal of radioactive wastes. Consequently, significant amounts of actinides remain in those wastes. France and Great Britain have become major commercial reactor fuel reprocessors of fuel from light reactors and gas-cooled reactors, and have paid special attention t5o waste disposal. Other countries have developed fuel reprocessing for their own use. High-level radioactive wastes from weapons production and from commercial fuel reprocessing are now vitrified in preparation for eventual storage in geological repositories. More efficient reprocessing methods have resulted in reduced actinide content in reprocessing wastes. However, there is much room for improvement in reprocessing as well as in nuclear waste management. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Wymer, RG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5638-1 J9 NATO ASI 2 PY 1999 VL 53 BP 29 EP 52 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN22B UT WOS:000081148200003 ER PT B AU Jarvinen, GD AF Jarvinen, GD BE Choppin, GR Khankhasayev, MK TI Technology needs for actinide and technetium separations based on solvent extraction, ion exchange, and other processes SO CHEMICAL SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES AND RELATED METHODS OF NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SUB-SER 2, ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advances Study Institute on Chemical Separation Technologies and Related Methods of Nuclear Waste Management CY MAY 18-28, 1998 CL JOINT INST NUCLEAR RES, DUBNA, RUSSIA SP NATO HO JOINT INST NUCLEAR RES ID MEMBRANE FILTRATION; COMPLEXATION; ULTRAFILTRATION; FLUORIDE; POLYMERS; LIGANDS; AM(III); EU(III) AB Several examples of research and development activities in actinide and technetium separations are presented. These examples indicate that separation science and technology is a very active area with many opportunities for significant advances. Although the discussion concerns separations applied to materials and wastes from nuclear materials processing operations, the development of separation technology for nuclear materials is closely linked to industrial separations in general. Nuclear materials processing operations, like industrial processes in general, must move toward better total life cycle design in which all inputs and outputs of an industrial activity are considered and optimized to balance environmental costs and societal benefits. Separations technology will play an important part in achieving this goal. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jarvinen, GD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Nucl Mat Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5638-1 J9 NATO ASI 2 PY 1999 VL 53 BP 53 EP 70 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN22B UT WOS:000081148200004 ER PT B AU Wester, DW AF Wester, DW BE Choppin, GR Khankhasayev, MK TI The view from Russia of the soviet-designed reactor safety program of the US Department of Energy SO CHEMICAL SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES AND RELATED METHODS OF NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SUB-SER 2, ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advances Study Institute on Chemical Separation Technologies and Related Methods of Nuclear Waste Management CY MAY 18-28, 1998 CL JOINT INST NUCLEAR RES, DUBNA, RUSSIA SP NATO HO JOINT INST NUCLEAR RES AB The Soviet-Designed Reactor Safety Program of the U.S. Department of Energy is a cooperative effort with nine countries to reduce risks at Soviet-designed nuclear power plants. Projects are organized into the areas of management and operational safety, engineering and technology, plant safety assessment, fuel-cycle safety, nuclear safety regulatory and institutional framework, and Chornobyl initiatives. Those projects being carried out in Russia are reviewed. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wester, DW (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5638-1 J9 NATO ASI 2 PY 1999 VL 53 BP 273 EP 288 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN22B UT WOS:000081148200016 ER PT J AU Park, JH Woodward, PM Parise, JB Reeder, RJ Lubomirsky, I Stafsudd, O AF Park, JH Woodward, PM Parise, JB Reeder, RJ Lubomirsky, I Stafsudd, O TI Synthesis, structure, and dielectric properties of (Bi1/2Ag1/2)TiO3 SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PEROVSKITES; (NA1/2BI1/2)TIO3; DIFFRACTION; CRYSTALS AB The compound Bi1/2Ag1/2TiO3 has been synthesized, for the first time, at 14-14.5 GPa and 1000 degrees C using the uniaxial split sphere anvil type press (USSA-2000). The structure of the quenched powder sample was refined from synchrotron X-ray diffraction data using the Rietveld method. At room temperature, Bi1/2Ag1/2TiO3 exhibits an orthorhombic distortion of the cubic perovskite structure and was assigned to a space group of Ibam and lattice parameters of a = 5.48970(4) Angstrom, b = 5.51954(5) Angstrom, and c = 7.17585(7) Angstrom. The refinements are consistent with a random distribution of Bi3+ and Ag+ on the A-sites. Diffraction results at various temperatures show two phase transitions as the temperature is increased. At 573 K, tetragonal symmetry is observed and was assigned to a space group of I4/mcm with lattice parameters of a = 5.51664(8) Angstrom and c = 7.8134(2) Angstrom, while at 673 K, the cubic perovskite structure, with space group and a = 3.90607(8) Angstrom, was determined. Plane capacitor dielectric contact measurements at 100 kHz gave a dielectric constant of 354 at ambient temperature for the sample. The dielectric constant increases with temperature and reaches a local maximum of 834 at 578 K. After heating the sample to 778 K and cooling back to room-temperature, both dielectric and diffraction measurements provide evidence for a small but irreversible change in the stoichiometry. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr High Pressure Res, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Geosci, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Parise, JB (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Ctr High Pressure Res, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 11 IS 1 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1021/cm9806533 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 171YM UT WOS:000078892200032 ER PT J AU Steinberg, M AF Steinberg, M TI Efficient natural gas technologies: A response to global warming SO CHEMTECH LA English DT Article C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Steinberg, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0009-2703 J9 CHEMTECH JI Chemtech PD JAN PY 1999 VL 29 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA 155LR UT WOS:000077948900011 ER PT J AU Zhu, SJ Wang, MG Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Babu, BRS Ma, WC LOng, GL Zhu, LY Li, M Sakhaee, A Gan, CY Yang, LM Komicki, J Cole, JD Aryaeinejad, R Drigert, MW Rasmussen, JO Stoyer, MA Chu, SY Gregorich, KE Mohar, MF Prussin, SG Lee, IY Oganessian, YT Ter-Akopian, GM Daniel, AV AF Zhu, SJ Wang, MG Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Babu, BRS Ma, WC LOng, GL Zhu, LY Li, M Sakhaee, A Gan, CY Yang, LM Komicki, J Cole, JD Aryaeinejad, R Drigert, MW Rasmussen, JO Stoyer, MA Chu, SY Gregorich, KE Mohar, MF Prussin, SG Lee, IY Oganessian, YT Ter-Akopian, GM Daniel, AV TI Octupole deformation bands of pi h(11/2) in neutron-rich La-145,La-147 nuclei SO CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ISOTOPES AB Octupole deformation bands built on pi h(11/2) orbital in neutron-rich odd-Z(145,147)La nuclei have been investigated by measuring the prompt gamma-rays emitted from the Cf-252 source. The alternating parity band structures and strong E1 transitions observed between negative- and positive-parity bands in both nuclei indicate the octupole deformation enhanced by the h(11/2) single proton coupling. According to observed energy displacements the octupole deformation becomes stable at the intermediate spin states. C1 Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. RP Zhu, SJ (reprint author), Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RI Long, Gui Lu/B-1170-2008; Long, Gui Lu/B-8988-2014 OI Long, Gui Lu/0000-0002-9023-1579 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALLERTON PRESS INC PI NEW YORK PA 150 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0256-307X J9 CHINESE PHYS LETT JI Chin. Phys. Lett. PY 1999 VL 16 IS 3 BP 169 EP 171 DI 10.1088/0256-307X/16/3/006 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 184LE UT WOS:000079613000006 ER PT J AU Zhu, SJ Sakhaee, M Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Gan, CY Zhu, LY Yang, LM Long, GL Pau, SL Babu, BRS Hwang, JK Ma, WC Komicki, J Zhang, XQ Jones, EF Cole, JD Aryaeinejad, R Drigert, MW Rasmussen, JO Stoyer, MA Chu, SY Gregorich, KE Mohar, MF Prussin, SG Lee, IY Oganessian, YT Ter-Akopian, GM Daniel, AV AF Zhu, SJ Sakhaee, M Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV Gan, CY Zhu, LY Yang, LM Long, GL Pau, SL Babu, BRS Hwang, JK Ma, WC Komicki, J Zhang, XQ Jones, EF Cole, JD Aryaeinejad, R Drigert, MW Rasmussen, JO Stoyer, MA Chu, SY Gregorich, KE Mohar, MF Prussin, SG Lee, IY Oganessian, YT Ter-Akopian, GM Daniel, AV TI Octupole deformation and signature inversion in Ba-145 SO CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SPIN STATES; NEUTRON-RICH; BARIUM ISOTOPES; BAND STRUCTURES; NUCLEI; INSTABILITY; FISSION; XE-139; MASS AB High spin states in neutron-rich odd-N Ba-145 nucleus have been investigated from study of prompt gamma-rays in spontaneous fission of Cf-252. The alternating parity bends are identified indicating octupole deformation with simplex quantum number s = -i. The ground state band shows signature splitting and inversion at low spin. These collective band structures exhibit the competition and co-existence between symmetric and asymmetric shapes. C1 Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Mississippi State Univ, Dept Phys, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. RP Zhu, SJ (reprint author), Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RI Long, Gui Lu/B-1170-2008; Long, Gui Lu/B-8988-2014 OI Long, Gui Lu/0000-0002-9023-1579 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALLERTON PRESS INC PI NEW YORK PA 150 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0256-307X J9 CHINESE PHYS LETT JI Chin. Phys. Lett. PY 1999 VL 16 IS 10 BP 715 EP 717 DI 10.1088/0256-307X/16/10/005 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 248EC UT WOS:000083261500005 ER PT J AU Usachenko, SI Bradbury, EM AF Usachenko, SI Bradbury, EM TI Localization of specific histone regions on nucleosomal DNA by cross-linking SO CHROMATIN SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PROTEOLYTIC DIGESTION; PRIMARY ORGANIZATION; LIMIT PEPTIDES; CORE PARTICLE; CHROMATIN; IDENTIFICATION C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Usachenko, SI (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Biol Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 1999 VL 304 BP 264 EP 278 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BQ12X UT WOS:000087254800014 PM 10372365 ER PT J AU Brown, RA Rosenberg, NJ AF Brown, RA Rosenberg, NJ TI Climate change impacts on the potential productivity of corn and winter wheat in their primary United States growing regions SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; EPIC MODEL; CO2; YIELD; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION; RESPONSES; VARIABILITY; METHODOLOGY; EROSION AB We calculate the impacts of climate effects inferred from three atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) at three levels of climate change severity associated with change in global mean temperature (GMT) of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 degrees C and three levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) - 365 (no CO2 fertilization effect), 560 and 750 ppm - on the potential production of dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) for the primary (current) U.S. growing regions of each crop. This analysis is a subset of the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM) which has the goal of integrating the linkages and feedbacks among human activities and resulting greenhouse gas emissions, changes in atmospheric composition and resulting climate change, and impacts on terrestrial systems. A set of representative farms was designed for each of the primary production regions studied and the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) was used to simulate crop response to climate change. The GCMs applied were the Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS), the United Kingdom Meteorological Transient (UKTR) and the Australian Bureau of Meteorological Research Center (BMRC), each regionalized by means of a scenario generator (SCENGEN). The GISS scenarios have the least impact on corn and wheat production, reducing national potential production for corn by 6% and wheat by 7% at a GMT of 2.5 degrees C and no CO2 fertilization effect, the UKTR scenario had the most severe impact on wheat, reducing production by 18% under the same conditions; BMRC had the greatest negative impact on corn, reducing produc tion by 20%. A GMT increase of 1.0 degrees marginally decreased corn and wheat production. Increasing GMT had a detrimental impact on both corn and wheat production, with wheat production suffering the greatest losses. Decreases for wheat production at GMT 5.0 and [CO2] = 365 ppm range from 36% for the GISS to 76% for the UKTR scenario. Increases in atmospheric [CO2] had a positive impact on both corn and wheat production. AT GMT 1.0, an increase in [CO2] to 560 ppm resulted in a net increase in corn and wheat production above baseline levels (from 18 to 29% for wheat and 2 to 5% for corn). Increases in [CO2] help to offset yield reductions at higher GMT levels; in most cases, however, these increases are not sufficient to return crop production to baseline levels. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Brown, RA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 901 D St SW, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 52 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 25 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 1999 VL 41 IS 1 BP 73 EP 107 DI 10.1023/A:1005449132633 PG 35 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 169MB UT WOS:000078751600005 ER PT S AU Sankaran, V Maitland, DJ Walsh, JT AF Sankaran, V Maitland, DJ Walsh, JT BE Tuchin, VV Izatt, JA TI Polarized light propagation in turbid media SO COHERENCE DOMAIN OPTICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS III, PROCEEDINGS OF SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedical Science and Clinical Applications III CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Biomed Opt Soc DE degree of polarization; Stokes polarimetry; polarization modulation; multiple scattering ID SCATTERING MEDIUM; WAVES; CELLS; RANGE AB Polarimetry, which is a comparison of the polarization state of light before and after it has interacted with a material, can be used to discriminate unscattered and weakly scattered photons from multiply scattered photons. Weakly scattered photons tend to retain their incident polarization state whereas highly scattered photons become depolarized; thus, polarization-based discrimination techniques can be used to image through tissue with decreased noise and increased contrast. Many previous studies investigating polarization-based discrimination have been conducted on tissue phantoms, with the ultimate goal being noninvasive imaging of breast tumors. We demonstrate here that linearly and circularly polarized light propagate differently in common tissue phantoms than in two different tissue types. Measurements of the degree of linear and circular polarization were conducted using two independent techniques on tissue phantoms consisting of polystyrene and Intralipid microsphere suspensions, and on porcine adipose tissue and porcine myocardium. We show that contrary to expectations made from studies in the phantoms, linearly polarized light survives through more scattering events than circularly polarized light in both adipose tissue, which contains quasi-spherical scatterers, and myocardium, which contains quasi-spherical and cylindrical scatterers. Differences between spherical and biological scatterers are discussed, along with the impact of tissue birefringence on degree of polarization measurements. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Sankaran, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3068-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3598 BP 158 EP 165 DI 10.1117/12.347485 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics GA BN09M UT WOS:000080656800019 ER PT J AU Chen, JH Echekki, T AF Chen, JH Echekki, T TI The mechanism of two-dimensional pocket formation in lean premixed methane-air flames with implications to turbulent combustion SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article AB The mechanism of unburnt pocket formation in an unsteady two-dimensional premixed lean methane-air flame is investigated using direct numerical simulations. Theoretical results for nonlinear diffusion equations combined with analytical examples are used to interpret some of the results. Flame structure and propagation show three distinct stages of pocket formation: (1) flame channel closing involving head-on quenching of flames, (2) cusp recovery, and (3) pocket burnout. The flame channel closing and subsequent pocket burnout are mutual annihilation events that feature curvature, diffusion normal to the flame front, unsteady strain rate effects, and singularities in fame propagation and stretch rate. The results show that during channel closing and pocket burnout thermo-diffusive and chemical interactions result in the acceleration of the flames prior to annihilation; the time scales associated with the final stage of mutual annihilation and the initial stage of cusp recovery are significantly smaller than diffusive and convective time scales. As in earlier one-dimensional studies, the acceleration is attributed to enhanced diffusion and reaction rates, modifications to species profiles leading to shifts in balance between diffusion and reaction, and vanishing species and thermal gradients at the location in the channel where the pocket pinches off. Flame propagation and stretch rate are singular at this location. Enhanced radical production is initiated by a reversal of diffusion of H-2 towards the reaction zone during the early stages of thermo-diffusive interactions. Peak radical concentration resulting from flame channel closing and pocket burnout exceed peak laminar values by as much as 25%. After the merging of the fuel consumption layers, radical production and flame structure shifts more towards an H-2/CO/O-2 system at the expense of hydrocarbon reactions. Species thermodiffusive interaction times are shorter than the unstrained one-dimensional counterpart due to unsteady strain and convection. Curvature effects on the flame propagation are prominent during pocket burnout and cusp recovery. The recovery stage shows strong dependence on diffusion of radicals left from the channel closing stage. This diffusion is amplified by the strong curvature of the flame cusp. (C) 1998 by The Combustion Institute C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Chen, JH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Echekki, Tarek/C-7394-2009; OI Echekki, Tarek/0000-0002-0146-7994 NR 25 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 1999 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP + DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(98)00026-1 PG 33 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 116GZ UT WOS:000075717300002 ER PT J AU Maloney, DJ Sampath, R Zondlo, JW AF Maloney, DJ Sampath, R Zondlo, JW TI Heat capacity and thermal conductivity considerations for coal particles during the early stages of rapid heating SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODYNAMIC BALANCE; SINGLE PARTICLES; MASS; DEVOLATILIZATION; TEMPERATURES; DROPLETS; MODELS; SIZE AB Heating and cooling transients fur a number of individual coal particles in the 100-mu m size range were measured under rapid heating conditions (10(4)-10(5) K/s heating rate). In addition to temperature measurements, each particle was fully characterized with respect to external surface area, volume, mass, and density prior to heating. Measured temperatures were compared with model predictions and a sensitivity analysis was performed to critically evaluate model assumptions regarding particle thermal properties. Simulations using temperature-dependent heat capacity and thermal conductivity correlations routinely applied to coal severely under predicted the particle temperature rise during the early stages of heating. Simulations using constant room temperature values for heat capacity and thermal conductivity showed excellent agreement with measurements during the early stages of heating. Increases in coal heat capacity and thermal conductivity reported in the literature are observed under slow heating conditions and result from bond breaking and structural changes which lead to an increase in vibrational modes of freedom in the coal structure. Results of the present study suggest that under rapid heating conditions the coal structure is frozen and that these vibrational modes only become accessible at higher temperatures or longer soak times. These considerations are important if one desires to accurately model the combustion behavior of coals. (C) 1998 by The Combustion Institute C1 US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, Dept Engn, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Maloney, DJ (reprint author), US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 1999 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 94 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(98)00044-3 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 116GZ UT WOS:000075717300006 ER PT J AU Partridge, WP Reisel, JR Laurendeau, NM AF Partridge, WP Reisel, JR Laurendeau, NM TI Laser-saturated fluorescence measurements of nitric oxide in an inverse diffusion flame SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID NOX FORMATION; LAMINAR; TEMPERATURE; PRESSURE; COMBUSTION; BURNERS; SYSTEM AB Inverse diffusion flames (IDFs) are a primary component of staged-air combustion processes, which are often used to achieve ultralow NOx emissions. Unfortunately, such IDFs created by mixing air with hot fuel-rich combustion products rather than the usual unreacted fuel have received little previous attention in the literature. Here, we use laser-saturated fluorescence (LSF) to make nonintrusive point measurements of nitric oxide concentration throughout a single atmospheric IDF of this type; thermocouple-based temperature measurements are also made at specific locations including those of the concentration measurements. These measurements demonstrate similarities between IDF and normal diffusion flame behavior, and indicate that the majority of the IDF-attributable NO is generated at the IDF tip. The results suggest that the dominant NO mechanism varies throughout the flame, and provide data relevant to assessment of future kinetics models. (C) 1998 by The Combustion Institute C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Flame Diagnost Lab, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Partridge, WP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JAN PY 1999 VL 116 IS 1-2 BP 282 EP 290 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(98)00030-3 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 116GZ UT WOS:000075717300020 ER PT J AU Majidi, V Saito, K Gordon, AS Williams, FA AF Majidi, V Saito, K Gordon, AS Williams, FA TI Laser-desorption time-of-flight mass-spectrometry analysis of soot from various hydrocarbon fuels SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE laser-desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry; soot formation; diffusion flames; hydrocarbon; graphite ID PRECURSOR PARTICLES; DIFFUSION FLAMES; POOL FIRES; BOILOVER; WATER AB Laser-desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDMS) was used to analyze soot collected from seven different hydrocarbon fuels (methane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-decane, benzene and toluene) burning with air under normal atmospheric pressure. To evaluate the technique, samples of two different types of furnace blacks, two types of graphite, a synthetic diamond and a C-70 fullerene also were analyzed. With proper experimental design, the C-70 produced a single peak of mass 840 Da. thereby showing the ability of LDMS to remove and singly ionize large intact molecular species from the sample for the purpose of chemical analysis. The LDMS soot analysis showed that each mature soot has a unique chemical fingerprint. A family of fuels (e.g., normal alkanes) produces soot that is similar in appearance when mature and that therefore might be expected to yield similar mass spectra, but it is found instead that each spectrum has unique features that are different for each parent fuel. These initially surprising results point to the need for further study of fuel pyrolysis in flames. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Appl Mech & Engn Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div CST9, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Mech Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Williams, FA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Appl Mech & Engn Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 145 IS 1-6 BP 37 EP 56 DI 10.1080/00102209908924202 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 260YH UT WOS:000083980700003 ER PT J AU Boyle, TJ Brinker, CJ Gardner, TJ Sault, AG Hughes, RC AF Boyle, TJ Brinker, CJ Gardner, TJ Sault, AG Hughes, RC TI Catalytic membrane sensors. A thin film modified H-2 resistive sensor for multi-molecular detection SO COMMENTS ON INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY STRUCTURES; N-BUTANE; OXIDE; HYDROGENOLYSIS; REDUCTION; BEHAVIOR AB A so-called "catalytic membrane sensor" (CMS) is being developed to impart selectivity and reactivity to the surface of an existing sensor by modifying it with a series of thin films. The proposed "sandwich-type" modification involves deposition of a catalyst layer between two size selective sol-gel layers on a Pd/Ni resistive H-2 sensor. The role of the catalyst is to convert organic materials to H-2 and organic by-products by a dehydrogenation mechanism. The roles of the membranes are to impart chemical specificity by molecular sieving of the analyte and the converted product streams as well as to control access to the underlying Pd/Ni sensor. The "sandwich" modification will mediate the sensor response and avoid potential poisoning effects. Ultimately, an array of these CMS elements encompassing different catalysts and membranes will further enable improvements in selectivity and specificity via pattern recognition methodologies. This report details the synthesis of the various thin film solutions (i.e., catalyst precursors, sol-gel solution), the generation of the catalyst through ion-exchange, a comparison of the double alkoxide versus standard catalyst precursors, and the processing required to generate a CMS. This paper also details the novel and surprising experimental data concerning the increased selectivity and durability observed for the sol-gel modified H-2 gas sensing resistors. The utility of the CMS component as a multi-molecular detector will be reported later. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Boyle, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Lab, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0260-3594 J9 COMMENT INORG CHEM JI Comments Inorganic Chem. PY 1999 VL 20 IS 4-6 BP 209 EP 231 DI 10.1080/02603599908021444 PN A PG 23 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 181XY UT WOS:000079469800003 ER PT S AU Marion, JE Kim, BM AF Marion, JE Kim, BM BE Reed, MK Neev, J TI Medical applications of ultra-short pulse lasers SO COMMERCIAL AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF ULTRAFAST LASERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Commercial and Biomedical Applications of Ultrafast Lasers CY JAN 28-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE ID HARD-TISSUE ABLATION; ABSORPTION; PLASMA AB The medical applications for ultra short pulse lasers (USPLs) and their associated commercial potential are reviewed. Short pulse lasers offer the surgeon the possibility of precision cutting or disruption of tissue with virtually no thermal or mechanical damage to the surrounding areas. Therefore the USPL offers potential improvement to numerous existing medical procedures. Secondly, when USPLs are combined with advanced tissue diagnostics, there are possibilities for tissue-selective precision ablation that may allow for new surgeries that cannot at present be performed. Here we briefly review the advantages of short pulse lasers, examine the potential markets both from an investment community perspective, and from the view of the technology provider. Finally nominal performance and cost requirements for the lasers, delivery systems and diagnostics and the present state of development will be addressed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Marion, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-399, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3086-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3616 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1117/12.351839 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BN29H UT WOS:000081442300006 ER PT J AU Mullen, JS Fischer, PF AF Mullen, JS Fischer, PF TI Filtering techniques for complex geometry fluid flows SO COMMUNICATIONS IN NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE complex geometry; Krylov methods; large eddy simulation; spatial filters; spectral elements AB We develop a class of filters based upon the numerical solution of high-order elliptic problems in R-d which allow for independent determination of order and cut-off wave number and which default to classical Fourier-based filters in homogeneous domains. However, because they are based on the solution of a PDE, the present filters are not restricted to applications in tensor-product based geometries as is generally the case for Fourier-based filters. The discrete representation of the filtered output is constructed from a Krylov space generated in solving a well-conditioned system arising from a low-order PDE. Copyright (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brown Univ, Div Appl Math, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP Fischer, PF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1069-8299 J9 COMMUN NUMER METH EN JI Commun. Numer. Methods Eng. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 15 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0887(199901)15:1<9::AID-CNM219>3.0.CO;2-Y PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA 163MM UT WOS:000078409500002 ER PT J AU Bowman, KO Shenton, LR AF Bowman, KO Shenton, LR TI The asymptotic moment profile and maximum likelihood: Applications to gamma and gamma ratio densities SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE covariance matrix; gamma density; generating functions; products of random variables; Stieltjes integrals AB In previous papers (Bowman and Shenton, 1998, 1999a) we have given expressions for the asymptotic skewness and kurtosis for maximum likelihood estimators in the case of several parameters. Skewness is measured by the third standardized central moment, and kurtosis by the fourth standardized central moment. Moments of the basic structure are assumed to exist. The overarching entity is the covariance matrix (Hessian form), and elements of its inverse. These entities involve Stieltjes integrals relating to sums of products of multiple derivatives linked to the basic structure. The first paper dealt with skewness and gives a simple expression readily computerized. The second paper is devoted to the forth standardized central moment and although a certain simplification is discovered, the resulting formula is still somewhat complicated. It is surprising to find that the asymptotic kurtosis in general requires the evaluation of several hundred components. The present paper studies cases involving estimator for two parameter gamma and one, and three parameter gamma ratio densities, and mentions strategies aimed at avoiding algebraic and numerical errors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT-THEOR M JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 1999 VL 28 IS 10 BP 2497 EP 2508 DI 10.1080/03610929908832433 PG 12 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 242LQ UT WOS:000082942900012 ER PT J AU Bowman, KO Shenton, LR AF Bowman, KO Shenton, LR TI The asymptotic kurtosis for maximum likelihood estimators SO COMMUNICATIONS IN STATISTICS-THEORY AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE asymptotic series; expectation of random variable products; Fisher's linkage; percentage points; moment series; polarization operator; products of random variables AB In general, when moments exist, the dominant term in the fourth central moment of an estimator is three times the square of the asymptotic variance; this leads to the value three for the asymptotic kurtosis. Working on the approach given in Bowman and Shenton (1998) we now complete the basic asymptotic moment profile by giving an expression for the third order term in the fourth central moment of a maximum likelihood estimator, assuming the existence of derivatives of a density and also the existence of the covariance matrix inverse. A four moment distributional model, such as the Pearson system, or Johnson translation system, may be used to approximate percentage points of the estimators. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0361-0926 J9 COMMUN STAT-THEOR M JI Commun. Stat.-Theory Methods PY 1999 VL 28 IS 11 BP 2641 EP 2654 DI 10.1080/03610929908832443 PG 14 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 252PW UT WOS:000083512200008 ER PT B AU Tran, TN Chyu, MC Wambsganss, MW France, DM AF Tran, TN Chyu, MC Wambsganss, MW France, DM BE Shah, RK TI Two-phase pressure drop of refrigerants during flow boiling in small channels: An experimental investigation and correlation development SO COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGERS AND ENHANCEMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Compact Heat Exchangers and Enhancement Technology for the Process Industries CY JUL 18-23, 1999 CL BANFF, CANADA ID TUBE AB Two-phase flow pressure drop measurements were made during a phase-change heat transfer process with three refrigerants (R-134a, R-12, and R-113) at six different pressures ranging from 138 kPa to 856 kPa, and in two sizes of round tubes (2.46 mm and 2.92 mm inside diameters) and one rectangular channel (4.06 x 1.7 mm). State-of-the-art large-tube correlations failed to satisfactorily predict the experimental data. The data were used to develop a new correlation for two-phase pressure drop during flow boiling in small channels. The correlation was then tested against the experimental data for the three refrigerants; the error was +/-20%. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Tran, TN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-134-3 PY 1999 BP 293 EP 302 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BN44P UT WOS:000081939700036 ER PT B AU Panchal, CB Rabas, TJ AF Panchal, CB Rabas, TJ BE Shah, RK TI Fouling characteristics of compact heat exchangers and enhanced tubes SO COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGERS AND ENHANCEMENT TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Compact Heat Exchangers and Enhancement Technology for the Process Industries CY JUL 18-23, 1999 CL BANFF, CANADA ID PLATE AB Fouling is a complex phenomena incorporating formation and transportation of precursors, and attachment and possible removal of foulants. The basic understanding of fouling mechanisms should guide the development of effective mitigation techniques. The literature on fouling in complex flow passages of compact heat exchangers is limited; however, significant progress has been made with enhanced tubes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Panchal, CB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-56700-134-3 PY 1999 BP 497 EP 502 PG 4 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BN44P UT WOS:000081939700062 ER PT J AU Russell, AM Lund, T Chumbley, LS Laabs, FA Keehner, LL Harringa, JL AF Russell, AM Lund, T Chumbley, LS Laabs, FA Keehner, LL Harringa, JL TI A high-strength, high-conductivity Al-Ti deformation processed metal metal matrix composite SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE metal matrix composites; strength; conductivity ID NB; ALLOYS AB An 80 vol.% Al-20 vol.% Ti composite was produced by powder metallurgy and deformation processing. Axisymmetric deformation processing to a true strain of 13.9 produced a composite with sub-micron Ti filaments (textured with the hexagonal close packed [10 (1) over bar 0] direction parallel to the specimen's cylindrical centerline) in an Al matrix. The ultimate tensile strength of the composite was 890 MPa, and its electrical resistivity was 43 n Omega m, which is believed to be a higher ratio of ultimate tensile strength to resistivity than the ratios in any commercially available Al alloy. Strength and resistivity were unaffected by a 86 000s anneal at 473 K. The composite's Al and Ti react to form Al3Ti at 600 K. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Russell, AM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, 206 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Russell, Alan/0000-0001-5264-0104 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 3 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(98)00163-8 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 168MR UT WOS:000078697200007 ER PT J AU Saiz, E Foppiano, S MoberlyChan, W Tomsia, AP AF Saiz, E Foppiano, S MoberlyChan, W Tomsia, AP TI Synthesis and processing of ceramic-metal composites by reactive metal penetration SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ceramic Matrix Composites CY OCT 28-30, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP AFOSR, AOARD, SAMPE, Japan Chapter, Japan Soc Composite Mat, Soc Mat Sci, Japanese Soc Mechan Engineers DE reactive metal penetration; aluminum; composites AB Molten aluminum reduces and penetrates silicate ceramics to produce a metal-ceramic composite which yields an Al2O3 Skeleton infiltrated with a solidified Al-Si alloy. Penetration experiments have been used to study the influence of p(O-2), temperature and substrate composition on penetration kinetics and composite microstructure. The Limiting kinetic step for Al penetration is the chemical reaction between Al and the ceramic. For dense substrates the maximum reaction rates are observed between 1000-1200 degrees C and are independent of p(O-2). For porous substrates it is necessary to reach a critical temperature or p(O-2), before infiltration starts. Increasing the Si concentration in the molten Al results in the reduction of the reaction rates. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tomsia, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Div Sci Mat, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 BP 399 EP 403 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(98)00126-2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 175ZA UT WOS:000079124900002 ER PT J AU Singh, JP Singh, D Sutaria, M AF Singh, JP Singh, D Sutaria, M TI Ceramic composites: roles of fiber and interface SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ceramic Matrix Composites CY OCT 28-30, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP AFOSR, AOARD, SAMPE, Japan Chapter, Japan Soc Composite Mat, Soc Mat Sci, Japanese Soc Mechan Engineers DE composites; in-situ fiber strength; residual/internal stress; interface/interphase ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-BEHAVIOR AB Results are presented that elucidate: (a) the effects of fiber coating on retained fiber strength and mechanical properties of Nicalon-fiber-reinforced Sia matrix composites; and (b) the role of residual stresses in the interfacial bond strength of SiC-fiber-reinforced reaction-bonded Si3N4 matrix composites. For Nicalon-fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites that were fractured in a flexural mode, retained in-situ fiber strength, ultimate strength and work-of-fracture (WOF) of the composites increased with increasing thickness of the fiber coating and reached maximum values at a coating thickness of approximate to 0.3 mu m. A direct correlation between the variation of in-situ fiber strength and the variation of ultimate strength and WOF of the composites clearly indicates the critical role of the retained in-situ strength of reinforcing fibers in composites. Fiber pushout tests performed on SiC-fiber-reinforced reaction-bonded Si3N4 matrix composites indicate that both debonding and frictional shear stresses decreased with increasing fiber content. These variations are consistent with the variation of residual radial stress on fibers, as measured by neutron diffraction, i.e. residual stresses decreased with increasing fiber content. Because fracture behavior is strongly controlled by interfacial bond strength, which is proportional to the residual radial stress, appropriate control of residual stresses is critical in the design of composites with desired fracture properties. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Singh, JP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 BP 445 EP 450 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(98)00133-X PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 175ZA UT WOS:000079124900009 ER PT J AU More, KL Ailey, KS Lowden, RA Lin, HT AF More, KL Ailey, KS Lowden, RA Lin, HT TI Evaluating the effect of oxygen content in BN interfacial coatings on the stability of SiC/BN/SiC composites SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ceramic Matrix Composites CY OCT 28-30, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP AFOSR, AOARD, SAMPE, Japan Chapter, Japan Soc Composite Mat, Soc Mat Sci, Japanese Soc Mechan Engineers DE ceramic matrix composites (CMCs); BN; oxidation; characterization ID CERAMIC-MATRIX COMPOSITES; BORON-NITRIDE; OXIDATION; INTERPHASE AB Boron nitride was studied as a fiber-matrix interface coating for Nicalon(TM)/SiC composites. The effect of initial O-impurity content within the as-processed BN coatings on the long-term interface stability was investigated at elevated temperatures in flowing oxygen. Two types of Nicalon(TM)/SiC composites were used for this study; one composite had a BN coating with < 2% oxygen (low-O BN) and another composite had BN with an oxygen concentration > 11% (high-O BN) in the as-processed state. The high-O BN is actually most representative of BN coatings available commercially. The BN coatings in both the high-O and low-O BN containing composites were structurally similar. The samples used here were thinned to < 200 mu m before oxidation and the final preparation for electron microscopy examination of the interface region was done after the reactions were completed. Thin samples were used to simulate maximum corrosion effects that would occur at the surface of an actual part during service. Ech sample was exposed to flowing oxygen at temperatures as high as 950 degrees C for times up to 400 h. After each oxidation experiment, the BN coatings were examined by TEM to quantify the extent of any reaction which occurred at either the fiber/BN and BN/SiC matrix interfaces. At 950 degrees C for 100 h, there were no interface microstructural changes observed in the low-O BN but there was extensive silica formation at the fiber/BN interfaces in the high-O BN. After 400 h at 950 degrees C, large voids formed at the fiber/BN interface in the high-O BN sample only. Oxygen present within the initial BN coating contributed significantly to the degradation of the interfacial properties of the composite, Several techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) were used to characterize changes in structure and chemistry of the fiber-matrix interface region and to elucidate and quantify composite degradation mechanisms. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd, All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP More, KL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008,Bldg 4515,MS 6064, Oak Ridge, TN 37931 USA. RI More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 19 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 BP 463 EP 470 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(98)00135-3 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 175ZA UT WOS:000079124900011 ER PT J AU Lara-Curzio, E AF Lara-Curzio, E TI Analysis of oxidation-assisted stress-rupture of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites at intermediate temperatures SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ceramic Matrix Composites CY OCT 28-30, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP AFOSR, AOARD, SAMPE, Japan Chapter, Japan Soc Composite Mat, Soc Mat Sci, Japanese Soc Mechan Engineers DE ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs); carbonaceous fiber coatings; oxidation; stress rupture ID STRENGTH AB A model is presented to estimate the reliability and time-to-failure of an unidirectional continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composite when subjected to stresses beyond the matrix cracking stress. The particular case of oxidation-assisted stress-rupture at intermediate temperatures is considered. The effects of stress and temperature on the reliability of the model composite are examined. Model predictions are presented for the specific case of CG-Nicalon(TM)/SiC CFCCs with carbonaceous fiber coatings. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Lara-Curzio, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 BP 549 EP 554 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(98)00148-1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 175ZA UT WOS:000079124900024 ER PT J AU Lara-Curzio, E Jenkins, MG AF Lara-Curzio, E Jenkins, MG TI Development of test standards for continuous fiber ceramic composites in the United States SO COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Ceramic Matrix Composites CY OCT 28-30, 1997 CL TOKYO, JAPAN SP AFOSR, AOARD, SAMPE, Japan Chapter, Japan Soc Composite Mat, Soc Mat Sci, Japanese Soc Mechan Engineers DE CFCCs; international harmonization; test standards AB Standardization activities in the United States for continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites (CFCCs) are reviewed. This brief review focuses on the development of test standards by subcommittee C28.07 of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) on the drafting of a section of a design code for ceramic and ceramic matrix composite components as part of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, and on the development of a set of volumes on ceramic matrix composites for Military Handbook 17 on composites. The participation of the US in the international harmonization of standards for CFCCs is also reviewed. Published by Elsevier Science Limited. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Lara-Curzio, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-835X J9 COMPOS PART A-APPL S JI Compos. Pt. A-Appl. Sci. Manuf. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 4 BP 561 EP 567 DI 10.1016/S1359-835X(98)00150-X PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 175ZA UT WOS:000079124900026 ER PT J AU Sankar, J Hui, D Narayan, J Johnson, R Sibley, W Pasto, A AF Sankar, J Hui, D Narayan, J Johnson, R Sibley, W Pasto, A TI Special Issue: Interdisciplinary Approach to Smart Composite Structures and Materials - Foreword SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 N Carolina Agr & Technol State Univ, NSF, CREST, CAMSS, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. Univ New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Sankar, J (reprint author), N Carolina Agr & Technol State Univ, NSF, CREST, CAMSS, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RI Narayan, Jagdish/D-1874-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 7 BP III EP V DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(99)00064-5 PG 3 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 265ZR UT WOS:000084276600001 ER PT J AU Cairns, DS Mandell, JF Scott, ME Maccagnano, JZ AF Cairns, DS Mandell, JF Scott, ME Maccagnano, JZ TI Design and manufacturing considerations for ply drops in composite structures SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE ply-drops; delamination; strain energy release rate; fracture; fatigue AB Thickness variations are required to optimize the design of modern laminated composite structures. These thickness variations are accomplished by dropping plies along the length to match varying in-plane and bending loads. This results in a structure which is matched to stiffness and loading requirements. Unfortunately, these ply drops produce internal and local stress concentrations as a consequence of geometric discontinuities and shear lag. In this study, we explore various factors for design of composite structures with ply drops. These factors include: thicknesses, ply stacking sequences, ply drop geometries and manufacturing considerations. In addition, fatigue loading is considered with respect to delamination initiation and growth. A strong sensitivity to the position and the manufacturing details of ply drops is shown for fatigue damage initiation and growth. All studies were conducted on a low-cost E-glass/polyester composite system. The results indicate that it will be difficult to completely suppress damage and delamination initiation in service. However, it was found that, in many cases, there is a threshold loading under which there is Little growth after initiation is noted. Factors affecting this threshold are analyzed via the virtual crack closure method in Finite Element Analysis and verified experimentally. Design rules for ply dropping are presented on the basis of these results. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Montana State Univ, DOE EPSCoR Wind Energy Cluster, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Cairns, DS (reprint author), Montana State Univ, DOE EPSCoR Wind Energy Cluster, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 5 BP 523 EP 534 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(98)00043-2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 228HY UT WOS:000082132100010 ER PT J AU Pasto, AE Braski, DN Watkins, TR Porter, WD Lara-Curzio, E McSpadden, SB AF Pasto, AE Braski, DN Watkins, TR Porter, WD Lara-Curzio, E McSpadden, SB TI Characterization techniques for composites and other advanced materials SO COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE materials characterization techniques ID BRITTLE-MATRIX COMPOSITES; PUSH-OUT TESTS; INTERFACES; STRENGTH; TENSILE; FIBERS; STRESS AB One of the key requirements in developing composites and other advanced materials is generation of a good understanding of the relationships between composition and structure on the one hand, and properties and behavior on the other. Another key requirement is application of this understanding to develop a material with the desired properties. A third key requirement is to understand the new material's failure mechanisms. All of these are wrapped in the term "characterization", which is the subject of this paper. Application of numerous materials' characterization techniques to the study of ceramic composites is described. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pasto, AE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Watkins, Thomas/D-8750-2016 OI Watkins, Thomas/0000-0002-2646-1329 NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1359-8368 J9 COMPOS PART B-ENG JI Compos. Pt. B-Eng. PY 1999 VL 30 IS 7 BP 631 EP 646 DI 10.1016/S1359-8368(99)00040-2 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 265ZR UT WOS:000084276600002 ER PT J AU Klett, JW Ervin, VJ Edie, DD AF Klett, JW Ervin, VJ Edie, DD TI Finite-element modeling of heat transfer in carbon/carbon composites SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE modeling; carbon/carbon; mesophase; thermal conductivity; finite element ID CARBON-CARBON-COMPOSITES; FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PITCH AB A finite-element model has been developed to predict the thermal conductivities, parallel and transverse to the fiber axis, of unidirectional carbon/carbon composites. This versatile model incorporates fiber morphology, matrix morphology, fiber/matrix bonding, and random distribution of fibers, porosity, and cracks. The model first examines the effects of the preceding variables on the thermal conductivity at the microscopic level and then utilizes those results to determine the overall thermal conductivity. The model was able accurately to predict the average thermal conductivity of standard pitch-based carbon/carbon composites. The model was also used to study the effect of different composite architectures on the bulk thermal conductivity. The effects of fiber morphology, fiber/matrix interface, and the ratio of transverse fiber conductivity to matrix conductivity on the overall composite conductivity was examined. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Carbon & Insulat Mat Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Math Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Clemson Univ, Ctr Adv Engn Fibers, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Klett, JW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Carbon & Insulat Mat Technol Grp, POB 2008,1 Behtel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Klett, James/E-6860-2017 OI Klett, James/0000-0002-2553-9649 NR 16 TC 35 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 59 IS 4 BP 593 EP 607 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(98)00099-2 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 180TR UT WOS:000079401700012 ER PT J AU Stout, MG Koss, DA Liu, C Idasetima, J AF Stout, MG Koss, DA Liu, C Idasetima, J TI Damage development in carbon/epoxy laminates under quasi-static and dynamic loading SO COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon/epoxy; damage; quasi-static; dynamic; composite ID LOW-VELOCITY IMPACT; TRANSVERSE CRACKING; MATRIX CRACKING; COMPOSITE; RESISTANCE; DELAMINATION; PREDICTION; CFRP; FAILURE AB The contrasting characteristics of damage evolution have been examined in a multidirectional carbon/epoxy composite laminate (IM7/8551-7) subjected to both quasi-static and dynamic loading. Our experiments were performed on bend-test bars that were loaded either in 'supported' four-point bending or under 'unsupported' conditions with a Hopkinson pressure bar to induce dynamic loading. We found differences in the damage that occurred in specimens loaded by the two techniques, in terms of the number of cracks and the length of the cracks. In the case of quasi-static loading, there were many matrix cracks within individual plies and only a few delamination cracks between plies; the maximum ratio of numbers of matrix to delamination cracks observed was 6:1. Despite their small number, the delamination cracks had a greater total length than the matrix cracks, and specimen failure occurred as a result of delamination crack propagation. During dynamic loading, the ratio between numbers of matrix and delamination cracks was 3:1, and in this case the ratio between the total crack lengths was unity. A quantitative assessment of damage induced during quasi-static bending was made from specimen stiffness results. Using simple beam theory and knowing the location of the damage. we correlated beam stiffness to the materials effective elastic modulus. We found that the composite's effective modulus decreased rapidly with small amounts of initial damage, but that subsequent increases in damage decreased the effective modulus at a much lower rate. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16803 USA. RP Stout, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-8 MS G755, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-3538 J9 COMPOS SCI TECHNOL JI Compos. Sci. Technol. PY 1999 VL 59 IS 16 BP 2339 EP 2350 DI 10.1016/S0266-3538(99)00089-5 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA 266KE UT WOS:000084298500004 ER PT S AU Kurtz, SR Olson, JM Friedman, DJ Geisz, JF Bertness, KA Kibbler, AE AF Kurtz, SR Olson, JM Friedman, DJ Geisz, JF Bertness, KA Kibbler, AE BE Hasegawa, H Hong, M Lu, ZH Pearton, SJ TI Passivation of interfaces in high-efficiency photovoltaic devices SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACE PASSIVATION AND NOVEL DEVICE PROCESSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Compound Semiconductor Surface Passivation and Novel Device Processing at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-07, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID TANDEM SOLAR-CELLS; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; RECOMBINATION VELOCITY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BAND-GAP; GA0.5IN0.5P; HETEROSTRUCTURES; DIODES; ALLOYS AB Solar cells made from m-V materials have achieved efficiencies greater than 30%. Effectively ideal passivation plays an important role in achieving these high efficiencies. Standard modeling techniques are applied to Ga0.5In0.5P solar cells to show the effects of passivation. Accurate knowledge of the absorption coefficient is essential (see appendix). Although ultralow (<2 cm/s) interface recombination velocities have been reported, in practice, it is difficult to achieve such low recombination velocities in solar cells because the doping levels are high and because of accidental incorporation of impurities and dopant diffusion. Examples are given of how dopant diffusion can both help and hinder interface passivation, and of how incorporation of oxygen or hydrogen can cause problems. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Kurtz, SR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-480-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 573 BP 95 EP 106 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BN44J UT WOS:000081934900009 ER PT S AU Ashby, CIH AF Ashby, CIH BE Hasegawa, H Hong, M Lu, ZH Pearton, SJ TI Wet oxidation of high-Al-content III-V semiconductors: Important materials considerations for device applications SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACE PASSIVATION AND NOVEL DEVICE PROCESSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Compound Semiconductor Surface Passivation and Novel Device Processing at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-07, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; VERTICAL-CAVITY LASERS; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; WATER-VAPOR; ALGAAS; OXIDE; ALXGA1-XAS; GAAS; LAYERS; FILMS AB Wet oxidation of high-Al-content AlGaAs semiconductor layers in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) has produced devices with record low threshold currents and voltages and with wall-plug efficiencies greater than 50%. Wet oxidation of buried AlGaAs layers has been employed to reduce the problems associated with substrate current leakage in GaAs-on-insulator (GOI) MESFETs. Wet oxidation has also been considered as a route to the long-sought goal of a m-V MIS technology. To continue improving device designs for even higher performance and to establish a truly manufacturable technology based on wet oxidation, the effect of oxidation of a given layer on the properties of the entire device structure must be understood. The oxidation of a given layer can strongly affect the electrical and chemical properties of adjacent layers. Many of these effects are derived from the production of large amounts of elemental As during the oxidation reaction, the resultant generation of point defects, and the diffusion of these defects into adjacent regions. This can modify the chemical and electrical properties of these regions in ways that can impact device design, fabrication, and performance. Current understanding of the problem is discussed here. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ashby, CIH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-480-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 573 BP 203 EP 212 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BN44J UT WOS:000081934900023 ER PT S AU Shul, RJ Zhang, L Baca, AG Willison, CG Han, J Pearton, SJ Ren, F Zolper, JC Lester, LF AF Shul, RJ Zhang, L Baca, AG Willison, CG Han, J Pearton, SJ Ren, F Zolper, JC Lester, LF BE Hasegawa, H Hong, M Lu, ZH Pearton, SJ TI High-density plasma-induced etch damage of GaN SO COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR SURFACE PASSIVATION AND NOVEL DEVICE PROCESSING SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Compound Semiconductor Surface Passivation and Novel Device Processing at the 1999 MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 05-07, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; III-NITRIDES; ALGAN AB Anisotropic, smooth etching of the group-III nitrides has been reported at relatively high rates in high-density plasma etch systems. However, such etch results are often obtained under high de-bias and/or high plasma flux conditions where plasma induced damage can be significant. Despite the fact that the group-III nitrides have higher bonding energies than more conventional m-v compounds, plasma-induced etch damage is still a concern. Attempts to minimize such damage by reducing the ion energy or increasing the chemical activity in the plasma often result in a loss of etch rate or anisotropy which significantly limits critical dimensions and reduces the utility of the process for device applications requiring vertical etch profiles. It is therefore necessary to develop plasma etch processes which couple anisotropy for critical dimension and sidewall profile control and high etch rates with low-damage for optimum device performance. In this study we report changes in sheet resistance and contact resistance for n- and p-type GaN samples exposed to an Ar inductively coupled plasma(ICP). In general, plasma-induced damage was more sensitive to ion bombardment energies as compared to plasma flux. In addition, p-GaN was typically more sensitive to plasma-induced damage as compared to n-GaN. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shul, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-480-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 573 BP 271 EP 280 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BN44J UT WOS:000081934900032 ER PT J AU Fukui, K Sumpter, BG Barnes, MD Noid, DW AF Fukui, K Sumpter, BG Barnes, MD Noid, DW TI Molecular dynamics studies of the structure and properties of polymer nano-particles SO COMPUTATIONAL AND THEORETICAL POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE nano-particles; molecular dynamics; polyethylene ID POLYETHYLENE DEFORMATION; CRYSTALLINE POLYETHYLENE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; ATOMISTIC SIMULATION; FORCE-FIELD; CHAIN; SURFACE; COLLAPSE; LIQUID AB Recently, we have developed an experimental technique for the production of monodisperse polymer particles with arbitrary size and composition. In order to examine the behavior and properties of polymer particles in the micron and submicron size, computational simulations were employed. A molecular dynamics based method for the generation and analysis of polymeric nano-particles is described in this article. This technique is used to study the dynamics as well as the behavior and the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of nano-meter scale polymer particles. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Sumpter, Bobby/C-9459-2013 OI Sumpter, Bobby/0000-0001-6341-0355 NR 61 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1089-3156 J9 COMPUT THEOR POLYM S JI Comput. Theor. Polym. Sci. PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3-4 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.1016/S1089-3156(99)00010-0 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 230TM UT WOS:000082266500008 ER PT J AU Wallstrom, TC Hou, SL Christie, MA Durlofsky, LJ Sharp, DH AF Wallstrom, TC Hou, SL Christie, MA Durlofsky, LJ Sharp, DH TI Accurate scale up of two phase flow using renormalization and nonuniform coarsening SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE reservoir simulation; upscaling; multiphase flow; waterflood ID HETEROGENEOUS POROUS-MEDIA; PERMEABILITY AB This paper describes a new upscaling algorithm, which combines the key aspects of nonuniform coarsening methods and renormalization based multiphase methods. The algorithm is applied to a range of heterogeneous, two dimensional geological descriptions. Extensive simulation results indicate that the new algorithm is able to provide results on highly coarsened grids (5 x 5) that are in close agreement with fine grid (100 x 100) simulations, at least for the set of problems considered. This very large degree of coarsening is more than an order of magnitude greater than could be achieved with either of the original methods individually, as currently implemented. For the set of problems considered, the algorithm is unbiased and consistent, even at very large levels of scale up. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. BP Explorat, Houston, TX 77210 USA. Chevron Petr Technol Co, La Habra, CA 90633 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Petr Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Wallstrom, TC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-0597 J9 COMPUTAT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 1 BP 69 EP 87 DI 10.1023/A:1011570724061 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 271ZC UT WOS:000084624700004 ER PT J AU Tartakovsky, DM Mitkov, I AF Tartakovsky, DM Mitkov, I TI Some aspects of head-variance evaluation SO COMPUTATIONAL GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE head variance; moment equations; stochastic hydrology ID HETEROGENEOUS AQUIFERS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; STOCHASTIC-ANALYSIS; BOUNDARY; FLOW AB We compare two methods of evaluating head covariance for two-dimensional steady-state flow in mildly heterogeneous bounded rectangular aquifers. The quasi-analytical approach, widely used in stochastic subsurface hydrology, is based on the Green's function representation, and involves numerical four-fold integration. We compare this approach with a numerical solution of the two-dimensional boundary-value problem for head covariance. We show that the finite differences integration of this problem is computationally less expensive than numerical four-fold integration of slowly-convergent infinite series. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Geoanal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Computat Sci Methods Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tartakovsky, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Geoanal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Tartakovsky, Daniel/E-7694-2013 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-0597 J9 COMPUTAT GEOSCI JI Comput. Geosci. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 1 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1023/A:1011566623153 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 271ZC UT WOS:000084624700005 ER PT B AU Ansell, S Krishnan, S Price, DL AF Ansell, S Krishnan, S Price, DL BE Pechenik, A Kalia, RK Vashishta, P TI The structures of liquid yttrium and aluminum oxides SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE MATERIALS SE TOPICS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY: A SERIES OF ADVANCED TEXTBOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computer Aided Design of High Temperature Materials CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM ID SIO2-AL2O3 GLASSES; SIMULATION; NMR; SPECTROSCOPY; AL-27 C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ansell, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 0-19-512050-7 J9 T PHYS CHEM SER PY 1999 BP 34 EP 46 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BP18E UT WOS:000084339600003 ER PT B AU Peralta, P Chu, F Maloy, SA Santiago, P Petrovic, JJ Mitchell, TE AF Peralta, P Chu, F Maloy, SA Santiago, P Petrovic, JJ Mitchell, TE BE Pechenik, A Kalia, RK Vashishta, P TI Effect of small aluminum additions on mechanical, elastic and structural properties of monocrystalline C11(b)MoSi(2). SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE MATERIALS SE TOPICS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY: A SERIES OF ADVANCED TEXTBOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computer Aided Design of High Temperature Materials CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM ID MOSI2 SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MICROSTRUCTURE C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Peralta, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Maloy, Stuart/A-8672-2009 OI Maloy, Stuart/0000-0001-8037-1319 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 0-19-512050-7 J9 T PHYS CHEM SER PY 1999 BP 121 EP 130 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BP18E UT WOS:000084339600009 ER PT B AU Loong, CK AF Loong, CK BE Pechenik, A Kalia, RK Vashishta, P TI Neutron-scattering studies of nitride, oxide, and phosphate ceramics and their relationship with molecular-dynamics simulations of high-temperature properties SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE MATERIALS SE TOPICS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY: A SERIES OF ADVANCED TEXTBOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computer Aided Design of High Temperature Materials CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM ID SILICON-NITRIDE; PHONON DENSITIES; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; STATES; MORPHOLOGY; BEHAVIOR C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Loong, CK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutron Source Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 0-19-512050-7 J9 T PHYS CHEM SER PY 1999 BP 256 EP 266 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BP18E UT WOS:000084339600020 ER PT B AU Richardson, JW AF Richardson, JW BE Pechenik, A Kalia, RK Vashishta, P TI Neutron scattering characterization of microstructure in uranium silicides, ceramic composites and Ni-based alloys SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE MATERIALS SE TOPICS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY: A SERIES OF ADVANCED TEXTBOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computer Aided Design of High Temperature Materials CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES; DIFFRACTION; AMORPHIZATION; IRRADIATION; ION C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutrol Source Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Richardson, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Intense Pulsed Neutrol Source Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 0-19-512050-7 J9 T PHYS CHEM SER PY 1999 BP 267 EP 276 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BP18E UT WOS:000084339600021 ER PT B AU Yang, LH Mailhiot, C AF Yang, LH Mailhiot, C BE Pechenik, A Kalia, RK Vashishta, P TI First-principles pseudopotential data base of silica SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE MATERIALS SE TOPICS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY: A SERIES OF ADVANCED TEXTBOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computer Aided Design of High Temperature Materials CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM ID PLANE-WAVE CALCULATIONS; HIGH-PRESSURE; CRYSTALLINE SILICA; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; QUARTZ; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; COMPRESSION; SIMULATION; STISHOVITE; GLASS C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys H Div, Livermore, CA 94566 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys H Div, Livermore, CA 94566 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 0-19-512050-7 J9 T PHYS CHEM SER PY 1999 BP 365 EP 373 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BP18E UT WOS:000084339600028 ER PT B AU Mailhiot, C AF Mailhiot, C BE Pechenik, A Kalia, RK Vashishta, P TI The DOE accelerated strategic computing initiative: Challenges and opportunities for predictive materials simulation capabilities SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE MATERIALS SE TOPICS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY: A SERIES OF ADVANCED TEXTBOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computer Aided Design of High Temperature Materials CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM AB In response to the unprecedented national security challenges derived from the end of nuclear testing, the Defense Programs of the Department of Energy has developed a long-term strategic plan based on a vigorous Science-Based Stockpile Stewardship (SBSS) program. The main objective of the SBSS program is to ensure confidence in the performance, safety, and reliability of the stockpile on the basis of a fundamental science-based approach. A central element of this approach is the development of predictive, full-physics, full-scale computer simulation tools. As a critical component of the SBSS program, the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) was established to provide the required advances in computer platforms and to enable predictive, physics-based simulation technologies. Foremost among the key elements needed to develop predictive simulation capabilities, the development of improved physics-based materials models has been universally identified as one of the highest-priority, highest-leverage activity. We indicate some of the materials modeling issues of relevance to stockpile materials and illustrate how the ASCI program will enable the tools necessary to advance the state-of-the-art in the field of computational condensed matter and materials physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Space Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mailhiot, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Space Technol Directorate, POB 808,L-055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 0-19-512050-7 J9 T PHYS CHEM SER PY 1999 BP 402 EP 409 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BP18E UT WOS:000084339600032 ER PT B AU Papka, ME Stevens, R Szymanski, M AF Papka, ME Stevens, R Szymanski, M BE Pechenik, A Kalia, RK Vashishta, P TI Collaborative virtual reality environments for computational science and design SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE MATERIALS SE TOPICS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY: A SERIES OF ADVANCED TEXTBOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computer Aided Design of High Temperature Materials CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM AB We are developing a networked multi-user, virtual-reality-based collaborative environment coupled to one or more petaFLOPs computers, enabling the interactive simulation of 10(9) atom systems. The purpose of this work is to explore the requirements for this coupling. Through the design, development, and testing of such systems, we hope to gain knowledge that will allow computational scientists to discover and analyze their results more quickly and in a more intuitive manner. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Futures Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Papka, ME (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Futures Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 0-19-512050-7 J9 T PHYS CHEM SER PY 1999 BP 410 EP 421 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BP18E UT WOS:000084339600033 ER PT B AU Lomdahl, PS Beazley, DM Zhou, SJ Holian, BL AF Lomdahl, PS Beazley, DM Zhou, SJ Holian, BL BE Pechenik, A Kalia, RK Vashishta, P TI Recent advances in high performance computer simulations for materials science SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE MATERIALS SE TOPICS IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY: A SERIES OF ADVANCED TEXTBOOKS AND MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computer Aided Design of High Temperature Materials CY JUL 30-AUG 02, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS AB We briefly present recent results obtained with our parallel molecular dynamics (MD) code, SPaSM, performing large-scale multi-million atom simulations to study crack blunting and dislocation generation in copper. We also discuss some recent work addressing the problems associated with analyzing and visualizing the data generated from multi-million particle MID simulations. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lomdahl, PS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 0-19-512050-7 J9 T PHYS CHEM SER PY 1999 BP 455 EP 460 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA BP18E UT WOS:000084339600037 ER PT J AU Comba, J Klosowski, JT Max, N Mitchell, JSB Silva, CT Williams, PL AF Comba, J Klosowski, JT Max, N Mitchell, JSB Silva, CT Williams, PL TI Fast polyhedral cell sorting for interactive rendering of unstructured grids SO COMPUTER GRAPHICS FORUM LA English DT Article DE volume rendering; scientific visualization; finite element methods; depth ordering; volume visualization; visibility ordering AB Direct volume rendering based on projective methods works by projecting in visibility order the polyhedral cells of a mesh onto the image plane, and incrementally compositing the cell's color and opacity into the final image. Crucial to this method is the computation of a visibility ordering of the cells. If the mesh is "well-behaved" (acyclic and convex), then the MPVO method of Williams provides a very fast sorting algorithm; however this method only computes an approximate ordering in general datasets, resulting in visual artifacts when rendered. A recent method of Silva et al. removed the assumption that the mesh is convex, by means of a sweep algorithm used in conjunction with the MPVO method; their algorithm is substantially faster than previous exact methods for general meshes. In this paper we propose a new technique, which we call BSP-XMPVO which is based on a fast and simple way of using binary space partitions on the boundary elements of the mesh to augment the ordering produced by MPVO. Our results are shown to be orders of magnitude better than previous exact methods of sorting cells. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. IBM, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Comba, J (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Comba, Joao/F-6220-2014 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-7055 J9 COMPUT GRAPH FORUM JI Comput. Graph. Forum PY 1999 VL 18 IS 3 SI CI BP C369 EP + PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 240FW UT WOS:000082816100039 ER PT J AU Gartling, DK AF Gartling, DK TI Advances in computational methods for non-Newtonian fluids - Preface SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gartling, DK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Engn Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 1999 VL 180 IS 3-4 BP 241 EP 242 DI 10.1016/S0045-7825(99)00167-X PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 276JF UT WOS:000084874000001 ER PT J AU Qin, H Tang, WM Rewoldt, G AF Qin, H Tang, WM Rewoldt, G TI Symbolic vector analysis in plasma physics SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE computer algebra; vector analysis; plasma physics; mathematica ID EXCITATION; TOKAMAK AB Many problems in plasma physics involve substantial amounts of analytical vector calculation. The complexity usually originates from both the vector operations themselves and the underlying coordinate systems. A computer algebra package for symbolic vector analysis in general coordinate systems, GeneralVectorAnalysis (GVA), is developed using Mathematica. The modem viewpoint for 3D vector calculus, differential forms on 3-manifolds, is adopted to unify and systematize the vector calculus operations in general coordinate systems, Besides the basic vector analysis functions, the package provides asymptotic capabilities, 2D vector analysis notation, and a simple interface for users to define their own coordinate systems. These features will benefit physicists and applied mathematicians in their research where complicated vector analysis in complicated coordinate systems is required, Several applications of this symbolic vector analysis package to plasma physics are also given. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Qin, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 116 IS 1 BP 107 EP 120 DI 10.1016/S0010-4655(98)00144-1 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 163UW UT WOS:000078425600008 ER PT J AU Morris, JP Zhu, Y Fox, PJ AF Morris, JP Zhu, Y Fox, PJ TI Parallel simulations of pore-scale flow through porous media SO COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS LA English DT Article ID SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; MICROSCOPIC FLOW; REYNOLDS-NUMBER; ACCRETION DISKS; SPH; PERMEABILITY; VISCOSITY; SURFACE AB Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a versatile technique which can be applied to single and multiphase flow through porous media. The Versatility of SPH is offset by its computational expense which limits the practicability of SPH for large problems involving low Reynolds number flow. A parallel pore-scale numerical model based on SPH is described for modeling flow phenomena in porous media. Aspects of SPH which complicate parallelization are emphasized. The speed of the method is demonstrated to be proportional to the number of processors for test cases where load balance was achieved. The parallel algorithm permits the application of SPH to more complicated porous media problems than previously considered. For such problems, best performance is achieved when several soil grains are simulated by each processor. Finally, future applications of the method and possible extensions are discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Golder Associates, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Morris, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geophys & Global Secur Div, POB 808,L-219, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-352X J9 COMPUT GEOTECH JI Comput. Geotech. PY 1999 VL 25 IS 4 BP 227 EP 246 DI 10.1016/S0266-352X(99)00026-9 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering; Geology GA 270ZW UT WOS:000084567800003 ER PT J AU Chu, SP McNair, LA Elliott, S Lai, CCA Hurricane, OA Turco, RP Dugdale, RC AF Chu, SP McNair, LA Elliott, S Lai, CCA Hurricane, OA Turco, RP Dugdale, RC TI Ecodynamics and dissolved gas chemistry routines for ocean circulation models SO COMPUTERS & CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE marine ecodynamics; dissolved gases; simulation; optimization ID CARBONYL SULFIDE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; METHYL HALIDES; NATURAL-WATERS; AIR-POLLUTION; SEAWATER; OZONE; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Interactions between oceanic nitrate ecology and circulation determine the marine distribution of dissolved, climate relevant trace gases such as dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and carbonyl sulfide (OCS), and a variety of hydrocarbons. Our group is constructing a suite of ecosystem/reaction/transport models, which link nitrate to the chemistry of volatiles near the sea-air interface. In this paper, we describe programs which will be inserted into the high resolution Parallel Ocean Program. Major features of the coding indude: (1) ecodynamics represented in seven biological compartments (phytoplankton, zooplankton, bacteria, detritus, nitrate, ammonium and dissolved organic nitrogen). Light limited primary production is computed, along with nitrogen cycling among the bioentities. (2) Photochemistry for the volatile species DMS, OCS, the methyl halides, nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and ammonia. DMS and the halides are emitted by phytoplankton, while OCS and NMHC are produced by photolysis of dissolved organic material. Ammonia is exuded by animals and bacteria. Removal mechanisms for the gases include consumption by organisms, hydrolysis, chlorination and interfacial transfer. (3) Explicit, efficient and mass conserving numerical solutions for the biological and chemical continuity equations. Production and loss forms are generalized and automated so that they are readily applied to new constituents. Ecology and the chemical transformations are exposed qualitatively to begin, and are then expressed as differential and differencing equations. The structure of the program is described in terms of the major subroutines and their purposes. Results are provided from both one- and three-dimensional sample runs. Computational aspects such as performance and code availability are discussed. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Atmospher & Climate Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. RP Chu, SP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM spchu@lanl.gov NR 109 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0097-8485 J9 COMPUT CHEM JI Comput. Chem. PY 1999 VL 23 IS 5 BP 447 EP 467 DI 10.1016/S0097-8485(99)00025-X PG 21 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA 227FG UT WOS:000082067700005 ER PT J AU Cohen, F AF Cohen, F TI Simulating cyber attacks, defences, and consequences SO COMPUTERS & SECURITY LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Cohen, F (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY PI OXFORD PA OXFORD FULFILLMENT CENTRE THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0167-4048 J9 COMPUT SECUR JI Comput. Secur. PY 1999 VL 18 IS 6 BP 479 EP 518 DI 10.1016/S0167-4048(99)80115-1 PG 40 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 240FH UT WOS:000082814900004 ER PT J AU Goodson, BM AF Goodson, BM TI Using injectable carriers of laser-polarized noble gases for enhancing NMR and MRI SO CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE LA English DT Article DE xenon and helium injection; hyperpolarized xenon and helium; in vivo NMR MRI; optical pumping; low-field MRI ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HYPERPOLARIZED XE-129; INERT-GASES; SPIN-EXCHANGE; HIGH-FIELD; XENON; HE-3; BLOOD; RELAXATION; SPECTROSCOPY AB Laser-polarized noble gases hold enormous potential for enhancing sensitivity and contrast for a variety of nuclear magnetic resonance and magnetic resonance imaging experiments. Potential biomedical applications are especially tantalizing; however, overcoming the difficulty of delivering laser-polarized noble gases to living tissues with sufficient polarization and concentration may be critical to the feasibility of many proposed in vivo studies. One suggested means of delivering laser-polarized noble gases to tissues involves the local injection of biologically compatible solutions in;which high noble gas concentrations and long polarization lifetimes can be achieved. In this review, the general topic of biomedical applications of laser-polarized noble gases is introduced. Special attention is given to a description of the injection technique and its applications, along with a discussion of potential advantages and limitations. Concluding remarks discuss the future outlook for biomedical applications of laser-polarized noble gases in general, particularly in light of recent low-held magnetic resonance experiments. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goodson, BM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, D-62 Hildebrand Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM bgoodson@dirac.cchem.berkeley.edu OI Goodson, Boyd/0000-0001-6079-5077 NR 77 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1043-7347 J9 CONCEPT MAGNETIC RES JI Concepts Magn. Resonance PY 1999 VL 11 IS 4 BP 203 EP 223 PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA 209VM UT WOS:000081069800002 ER PT B AU Mason, CFV Lu, NP Kitten, HD Williams, M Turney, WRJR AF Mason, CFV Lu, NP Kitten, HD Williams, M Turney, WRJR BE Kostecki, PT Calabrese, EJ Bonazountas, M TI A complete remediation process for a uranium-contaminated site and application to other sites SO CONTAMINATED SOILS, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Conference on Contaminated Soils CY OCT, 1998 CL UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST, MA SP Amer Petr Inst, Amer Water Works Res Fdn, Assoc Amer Railroads, Massachusetts Dept Enviornm Protect, USN, Facilities Engn Command, USN, Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, NE Utilit, Oxygenated Fuel Assoc, ENSR Consulting & Engn, Gas Res Inst, Geomatrix, Harding Lawson Associates, Parsons Engn Sci HO UNIV MASSACHUSETTS C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mason, CFV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMHERST SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI AMHERST PA 150 FEARING STREET, AMHERST, MA 01002 USA BN 1-884940-22-6 PY 1999 BP 113 EP 126 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR72Z UT WOS:000167354300009 ER PT B AU Lu, NP Mason, CFV Kitten, HD McMath, G Longmire, PA Katzman, D AF Lu, NP Mason, CFV Kitten, HD McMath, G Longmire, PA Katzman, D BE Kostecki, PT Calabrese, EJ Bonazountas, M TI Characterization, transport, and stabilization of Cesium-137 in a Canyon at Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico SO CONTAMINATED SOILS, VOL 4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Conference on Contaminated Soils CY OCT, 1998 CL UNIV MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST, MA SP Amer Petr Inst, Amer Water Works Res Fdn, Assoc Amer Railroads, Massachusetts Dept Enviornm Protect, USN, Facilities Engn Command, USN, Facilities Engn Serv Ctr, NE Utilit, Oxygenated Fuel Assoc, ENSR Consulting & Engn, Gas Res Inst, Geomatrix, Harding Lawson Associates, Parsons Engn Sci HO UNIV MASSACHUSETTS ID SOIL; SORPTION; ILLITE AB At Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), DP Canyon was subject to radioactive contaminant releases between 1945 and 1978 from the Plutonium Processing Facility. These resulted in the soils/sediments containing multiple radioactive contaminants. Cesium-137 (Cs-137) is a Major contaminant and is mainly associated with silt and clay fractions. In this study, we performed laboratory and site-pilot experiments to investigate (1) geomorphic characterization for assessing contaminant transport; (2) desorption of Cs-137 from soil using natural snowmelt water, synthetic groundwater, and synthetic acid rainwater; (3) the effect of colloidal particles in snowmelt water on the Cs-137 transport; and (4) possible remedial options for controlling 137Cs transport. Geomorphic characterization identified that a plume of radionuclides including Cs-137, Am-241, Pu-239, and Sr-90 are stored in the sediments of DP Canyon. After 360 days, about 10%-20% of Cs-137 was desorbed from soil using snowmelt water and synthetic groundwater, and 30% of Cs-137 was removed using synthetic acid rainwater. Sediment transport resulting from water runoff is the primary mechanism of Cs-137 mobilization in DP Canyon. The technologies that control transport of sediments prevent the mobilization of Cs-137. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lu, NP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMHERST SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS PI AMHERST PA 150 FEARING STREET, AMHERST, MA 01002 USA BN 1-884940-22-6 PY 1999 BP 127 EP 140 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR72Z UT WOS:000167354300010 ER PT J AU Spear, FS Kohn, MJ Cheney, JT AF Spear, FS Kohn, MJ Cheney, JT TI P-T paths from anatectic pelites SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-HAMPSHIRE; EXPERIMENTAL CALIBRATION; MELTING REACTIONS; PHASE-RELATIONS; WATER CONTENTS; MODEL SYSTEMS; PLUS QUARTZ; LOWER CRUST; FLUID; GARNET AB A relatively simple petrogenetic grid for partial melting of pelitic rocks in the NCKFMASH system is presented based on the assumption that the only H2O available for melting is through dehydration reactions. The grid includes both discontinuous and continuous Fe-Mg reactions; contours of Fe/(Fe + Mg) for continuous reactions define P-T vectors along which continuous melting will occur. For biotite-bearing assemblages (garnet+biotite + sillimanite + K-feldspar + liquid and garnet + biotite + cordierite + K-feldspar + liquid), Fe/(Fe + Mg) contours have negative slopes and melting will occur with increasing temperature or pressure. For biotite-absent assemblages (garnet + cordierite + sillimanite + K-feldspar + liquid or garnet + cordierite + orthopyroxene + K-feldspar + liquid) Fe/(Fe + Mg) contours have flat slopes and melting will occur only with increasing pressure. The grid predicts that abundant matrix K-feldspar should only be observed if rocks are heated at P < 3.8 kbar, that abundant retrograde muscovite should only be observed if rocks are cooled at P > 3.8 kbar, and that generation of late biotite + sillimanite replacing garnet, cordierite, or as selvages around leucosomes should be common in rocks in which melt is not removed. There is also a predicted field for dehydration melting of staurolite between 5 and 12 kbar. Textures in migmatites from New Hampshire, USA, suggest that prograde dehydration melting reactions are very nearly completely reversible during cooling and crystallization in rocks in which melt is not removed. Therefore, many reaction textures in "low grade" migmatites may represent retrograde rather than prograde reactions. C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Amherst Coll, Dept Geol, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. RP Spear, FS (reprint author), Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. EM spearf@rpi.edu RI Kohn, Matthew/A-2562-2012 NR 53 TC 347 Z9 362 U1 4 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-7999 EI 1432-0967 J9 CONTRIB MINERAL PETR JI Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 134 IS 1 BP 17 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s004100050466 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 168GM UT WOS:000078683400002 ER PT J AU Collins, GW Celliers, PM Gold, DM Da Silva, LB Cauble, R AF Collins, GW Celliers, PM Gold, DM Da Silva, LB Cauble, R TI Shock-compression experiments and reflectivity measurements in deuterium up to 3.5 Mbar using the Nova laser SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on the Physics of Nonideal Plasmas (PNP-9) CY SEP 06-11, 1998 CL ROSTOCK, GERMANY ID LIQUID DEUTERIUM; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; FLUID HYDROGEN; HIGH-DENSITY; DISSOCIATION; EQUATION AB We report on measurements of the equation of state and optical reflectivity at 1064 nm wavelength of a high pressure shock front propagating through a sample of liquid deuterium. We find that the shock front reflectivity increases from a low value (< 3.5%) to a saturation lever of 65% in the pressure range of 0.22 - 0.55 Mbar. The pressure range where this metallization transformation takes place coincides with the pressure range where high compressibilities were observed on the principal Hugoniot. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Collins, GW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 16 DI 10.1002/ctpp.2150390103 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 174WA UT WOS:000079058200002 ER PT J AU Ross, M AF Ross, M TI Model for shock-compressed liquid deuterium SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on the Physics of Nonideal Plasmas (PNP-9) CY SEP 06-11, 1998 CL ROSTOCK, GERMANY ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; DENSE HYDROGEN; DISSOCIATION; EQUATION; PHYSICS AB The equation of state of dense liquid deuterium has been calculated using a model in which the Helmholtz free energy is approximated as the composition average of the free energy of pure molecular and metallic hydrogen. The composition is determined by free energy minimization. Calculations for shock-compressed liquid deuterium are in good agreement with experiments to a pressure of 2.1 Mbar. At about 1 Mbar and 20000 K, liquid deuterium is 90 % dissociated and is a nearly liquid degenerate metal. The model predicts that molecular dissociation will lead to negative values of (partial derivative P/partial derivative T)(V) in the range 4000 K to 10 000 K and volumes below 7 cm(3)/mol. This feature suggests the formation of covalently bonded species in the partially dissociated mixture. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ross, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 17 EP 20 DI 10.1002/ctpp.2150390104 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 174WA UT WOS:000079058200003 ER PT J AU DeWitt, H Slattery, W AF DeWitt, H Slattery, W TI Screening enhancement of thermonuclear reactions in high density stars SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on the Physics of Nonideal Plasmas (PNP-9) CY SEP 06-11, 1998 CL ROSTOCK, GERMANY ID WHITE-DWARFS; POTENTIALS; PLASMAS; MATTER AB The screening function for zero separation for two reacting nuclei in a strongly coupled OCP plasma is obtained using new very accurate Monte Carlo OCP fluid simulation data, by two methods. The first method obtains H(0), the screening function at x = 0, from the difference of free energies before and after the reaction. The second method is direct fitting of the Widom expansion in powers of x(2) to the MC data for the pair distribution function, g(x). The two methods agree to 0.2%. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP DeWitt, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1002/ctpp.2150390124 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 174WA UT WOS:000079058200023 ER PT J AU Bickham, SR Collins, LA Kress, JD AF Bickham, SR Collins, LA Kress, JD TI Quantum molecular dynamics simulations of dense matter SO CONTRIBUTIONS TO PLASMA PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on the Physics of Nonideal Plasmas (PNP-9) CY SEP 06-11, 1998 CL ROSTOCK, GERMANY ID HYDROGEN; KBAR; HOT AB We have developed a quantum molecular dynamics simulation method for treating dense plasmas and a variety of other systems. The approach treats the electrons fully quantum mechanically and the nuclei classically. Applications include H plasmas, alkali metal fluids, rare gas compression, mixtures, impurities in plasmas, and shock-compressed hydrocarbons. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bickham, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0863-1042 J9 CONTRIB PLASM PHYS JI Contrib. Plasma Phys. PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 150 DI 10.1002/ctpp.2150390136 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 174WA UT WOS:000079058200035 ER PT B AU Stan, M AF Stan, M BE Hodouin, D Bazin, C Desbiens, A TI Phase diagram calculations in materials processing SO CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION IN MINERALS, METALS AND MATERIALS PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Control and Optimization in Minerals, Metals and Materials Processing held at the 38th Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM CY AUG 22-26, 1999 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Canadian Inst Min, Met & Petr, Met Soc AB The paper discusses the acquisition of thermodynamic data for materials processing and the mathematical methods used for checking the self-consistency of the data set. The information is stored in a relational database that was especially designed for phase diagram calculations. We present an algorithm for the systematic investigation of the excess Gibbs free energy of a ternary system as predicted by a large class of three-factor models in the sub-regular approximation. The techniques used to avoid the computational problems are discussed in the context of several selected oxide systems. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stan, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU CANADIAN INST MINING, METALLURGY AND PETROLEUM PI MONTREAL PA XEROX TOWER, 1 PLACE ALEXIS NIHON, 1210-3400 DE MAISONNEUVE BLVD, MONTREAL, PQ H3Z 3B8, CANADA BN 0-919086-88-8 PY 1999 BP 161 EP 169 PG 9 WC Automation & Control Systems; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Automation & Control Systems; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BR12V UT WOS:000165711400013 ER PT B AU McEligot, DM AF McEligot, DM BE Mayinger, F Lehner, M TI Maximum allowable heat flux for a submerged horizontal tube bundle SO CONVECTIVE FLOW AND POOL BOILING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Engineering Foundation Conference CY MAY 18-23, 1997 CL IRSEE, GERMANY SP Engn Fdn, New York, Bayernwerk AG, Munich, BASF AG, Ludwigshaften, Linde AG, Hollriegelskreuth, Kernkraftwerk Neckarwestheim, Neckarwestheim ID CYLINDERS AB For application to industrial heating of large pools by immersed heat exchangers, the so-called maximum allowable (or "critical") heat flux is studied for unconfined tube bundles aligned horizontally in a pool without forced flow. This is the condition at which vapor blanketing is expected to be initiated. Phenomenological considerations demonstrate why the maximum allowable heat flux would be expected to be less than for single tubes. Hydrodynamic theory is applied to extend the results of Lienhard and Dhir to large submerged bundles and the consequent correlation is compared to the correlation of Palen and Small and the limited data available for saturated conditions. To date our main conclusion is that estimates of q"(chf) are highly uncertain for this configuration. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP McEligot, DM (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 1-56032-826-6 PY 1999 BP 413 EP 417 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BP13W UT WOS:000084220400048 ER PT J AU Leifer, J Zapp, PE Mickalonis, JI AF Leifer, J Zapp, PE Mickalonis, JI TI Predictive models for determination of pitting corrosion versus inhibitor concentrations and temperature for radioactive sludge in carbon steel waste tanks SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE carbon steel; coupon immersion test; data mining; logistic regression; modeling; neural network; nitrate; nitrite; pitting corrosion; polarization; waste AB Statistical models were developed to predict the occurrence of pitting corrosion in carbon steel (CS) waste storage tanks exposed to radioactive nuclear waste. Levels of nitrite (NO2-) concentrations necessary to inhibit pitting at various temperatures and nitrate (NO3-) concentrations were determined experimentally via electrochemical polarization and coupon immersion corrosion tests. Models for the pitting behavior were developed based upon various statistical analyses of the experimental data. Feed-forward, artificial neural network (ANN) models, trained using the back-propagation of error algorithm, more accurately predicted conditions at which pitting occurred than the logistic regression models developed using the same data. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Math Sci & Engn, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Leifer, J (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Math Sci & Engn, Box 36, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JAN PY 1999 VL 55 IS 1 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 157BJ UT WOS:000078038900005 ER PT B AU Missert, N Son, KA Wall, FD Barbour, JC Sullivan, JP Zavadil, KR Copeland, RG Martinez, MA Buchheit, RG Jeffcoate, CS Isaacs, HS AF Missert, N Son, KA Wall, FD Barbour, JC Sullivan, JP Zavadil, KR Copeland, RG Martinez, MA Buchheit, RG Jeffcoate, CS Isaacs, HS BE Comizzoli, RB Frankenthal, RP Sinclair, JD TI Crevice corrosion initiation at engineered Cu-rich defects in Al thin films SO CORROSION AND RELIABILITY OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Corrosion and Reliability of Electronic Materials and Devices CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div, Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Electrochem Soc, Dielect Sci & Technol Div ID X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; LOCALIZED CORROSION; CARBON-FILMS; ALUMINUM; ALLOYS; BREAKDOWN AB Engineered Cu-rich islands were fabricated on an Al thin film to investigate pit initiation mechanisms at noble particles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms that the thin film Cu-rich islands interdiffuse with the underlying Al substrate to form Al2Cu islands. The defect arrays exhibit open circuit potential fluctuations whose magnitude and frequency increase as defect spacing decreases for constant island size and cathode/anode ratio. Post-exposure examination energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) shows that the Al beneath Cu-rich island dissolves with a crevice geometry. Engineered Al islands fabricated under identical conditions do not induce crevice corrosion in the vicinity of the Al defects. These results suggest that the Al dissolution is driven by the galvanic coupling between the noble island and matrix, and/or by a local change in chemistry, rather than by the presence of a defective oxide in the vicinity of the island. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Missert, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-252-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 29 BP 36 EP 44 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BP98K UT WOS:000086805600004 ER PT B AU Barbour, JC Sullivan, JP Braithwaite, JW Missert, N Nelson, JS Dunn, RG Minor, KG Copeland, G Lucero, S AF Barbour, JC Sullivan, JP Braithwaite, JW Missert, N Nelson, JS Dunn, RG Minor, KG Copeland, G Lucero, S BE Comizzoli, RB Frankenthal, RP Sinclair, JD TI A combinatorial approach to determine mechanisms of atmospheric copper sulfidation SO CORROSION AND RELIABILITY OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Corrosion and Reliability of Electronic Materials and Devices CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div, Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Electrochem Soc, Dielect Sci & Technol Div ID CORROSION AB Parallel microscopic experimentation (the combinatorial approach often used in solid-state science) was applied to characterize atmospheric copper corrosion behavior. Specifically, this technique permitted relative sulfidation rates to be determined for copper containing different levels of point defects and impurities (In, Al, O, and D). Corrosion studies are inherently difficult because of complex interactions between material interfaces and the environment. The combinatorial approach was demonstrated using micron-scale Cu lines that were exposed to a humid air environment containing sub-ppm levels of H2S. The relative rate of Cu2S growth was determined by measuring the change in resistance of the line. The data suggest that vacancy trapping by In and Al impurities slow the sulfidation rate. Increased sulfidation rates were found for samples containing excess point defects or deuterium. Furthermore, the sulfidation rate of 14 mu m wide Cu lines was increased above that for planar films. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Barbour, JC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-252-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 29 BP 67 EP 74 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BP98K UT WOS:000086805600007 ER PT B AU Sorensen, NR Braithwaite, JW Peterson, DW Michael, JR Robinson, DG Strizich, MP AF Sorensen, NR Braithwaite, JW Peterson, DW Michael, JR Robinson, DG Strizich, MP BE Comizzoli, RB Frankenthal, RP Sinclair, JD TI Characterization of the effect of Au/Al bondpad corrosion on microelectronic device reliability SO CORROSION AND RELIABILITY OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Corrosion and Reliability of Electronic Materials and Devices CY OCT 17-22, 1999 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Corros Div, Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, Electrochem Soc, Dielect Sci & Technol Div AB A methodology has been established to predict the effect of atmospheric corrosion on the reliability of plastic encapsulated microelectronic (PEM) devices. New experimental techniques were developed to directly characterize the Al/Au wirebond interface where corrosion primarily occurs. A deterministic empirical model describing wirebond degradation as a function of environmental conditions was generated. To demonstrate how this model can be used to determine corrosion effects on device reliability, a numerical simulation was performed on a three-lead voltage reference device. Surface reaction rate constants, environmental variables and the defect characteristics of the encapsulant were treated as distributed parameters. A Sandia-developed analytical framework (CRAX(TM)) was used to include uncertainty in the analysis and directly calculate reliability. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sorensen, NR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-252-4 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 29 BP 205 EP 216 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BP98K UT WOS:000086805600019 ER PT S AU Lykken, JD AF Lykken, JD BE Caldwell, DO TI New and improved superstring phenomenology SO COSMO-98: SECOND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PARTICLE PHYSICS AND THE EARLY UNIVERSE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Particle Physics and the Early Universe CY NOV 15-20, 1998 CL ASILOMAR, CA ID COMPACTIFICATION; COSMOLOGY; FIELD AB Recent developments in string theory have important implications for cosmology. Topics discussed here are inflation, the cosmological constant, smoothing of cosmological singularities, and dark matter from parallel universes. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lykken, JD (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Dept Theoret Phys, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-853-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 478 BP 92 EP 96 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BN58D UT WOS:000082305100018 ER PT S AU Perlmutter, S Riess, A AF Perlmutter, S Riess, A BE Caldwell, DO TI Cosmological parameters from supernovae: Two groups' results agree SO COSMO-98: SECOND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PARTICLE PHYSICS AND THE EARLY UNIVERSE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Particle Physics and the Early Universe CY NOV 15-20, 1998 CL ASILOMAR, CA ID LIGHT-CURVE SHAPES; IA SUPERNOVAE; ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDES; CONSTANT; LAMBDA; DISCOVERY; REDSHIFT; UNIVERSE; OMEGA AB Measurements of type Ia supernova apparent brightnesses over a range of distances allows a measurement of changes in the universe's expansion rate. This measurement yields information about the mass density and vacuum energy density ("cosmological constant") of the universe. We present results from two research groups that are in excellent agreement. Both groups' results indicated with high statistical confidence that the Universe is currently accelerating (q(0) < 0) and that the cosmological constant (Omega(Lambda)) makes an important contribution to the total energy density. We discuss the techniques involved in these measurements, and the systematic uncertainties due to supernova evolution, grey extinction, weak lensing, selection bias, sample contamination, a local void, and methodology. To date, none of the sources of systematic uncertainty that have been identified and estimated can reconcile the data with Omega(Lambda) = 0 and q(0) > 0. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Perlmutter, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-853-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 478 BP 129 EP 142 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BN58D UT WOS:000082305100022 ER PT S AU Godfrey, GL AF Godfrey, GL BE Caldwell, DO TI GLAST - A partnership in astro and particle physics SO COSMO-98: SECOND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PARTICLE PHYSICS AND THE EARLY UNIVERSE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Particle Physics and the Early Universe CY NOV 15-20, 1998 CL ASILOMAR, CA ID NEUTRALINO ANNIHILATION; DARK-MATTER; 2 PHOTONS AB The Gamma Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) is a >8000 cm(2) effective area (at >1 GeV) pair conversion telescope using silicon strip detectors that is scheduled to be launched in the year 2005. GLAST will record photons from 20 MeV to 300 GeV with a point spread function of .4 degrees at 1 GeV. Because of its large effective area, almost 2 pi solid angle of view, and long experimental life (no expendables), GLAST will accumulate similar to 50 times more photons than EGRET (2) from any point in the sky. The collaboration presently consists of both astro and particle physicists from 28 international institutions. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Godfrey, GL (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-853-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 478 BP 225 EP 229 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BN58D UT WOS:000082305100038 ER PT S AU Arkani-Hamed, N Dimopoulos, S Kaloper, N March-Russell, J AF Arkani-Hamed, N Dimopoulos, S Kaloper, N March-Russell, J BE Caldwell, DO TI Early inflation and cosmology in theories with sub-millimeter dimensions SO COSMO-98: SECOND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PARTICLE PHYSICS AND THE EARLY UNIVERSE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Particle Physics and the Early Universe CY NOV 15-20, 1998 CL ASILOMAR, CA ID EXTRA DIMENSIONS; TEV; COMPACTIFICATIONS; SUPERSTRINGS AB We discuss early cosmology in theories where the fundamental Planck mass is close to the TeV scale. In such theories the standard model fields are localized to a (3 + 1)-dimensional wall with n new transverse sub-millimeter sized spatial dimensions. The topic touched upon include: early inflation that occurs while the size of the new dimensions are still small, the spectrum and magnitude of density perturbations, the post-inflation era of contraction of our world while the internal dimensions evolve to their final "large" radius, and the production of gravitons in the bulk during these two eras. The radion moduli problem is also discussed. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Arkani-Hamed, N (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-853-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 478 BP 237 EP 243 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BN58D UT WOS:000082305100040 ER PT S AU Habib, S Molina-Paris, C Mottola, E AF Habib, S Molina-Paris, C Mottola, E BE Caldwell, DO TI Energy-momentum tensor in an expanding universe SO COSMO-98: SECOND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PARTICLE PHYSICS AND THE EARLY UNIVERSE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Particle Physics and the Early Universe CY NOV 15-20, 1998 CL ASILOMAR, CA ID ADIABATIC REGULARIZATION AB We study a quantum scalar field in a de Sitter universe. Thr initial state of the system is of adiabatic order four, and not necessarily de Sitter invariant. We define an adiabatic number basis in which the energy-momentum tensor has a quasi-classical form in terms of the number of particles present. Numerical results are presented for a massive field with xi = 1/6 (conformal coupling) and xi = 0 (minimal coupling). C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Habib, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-853-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 478 BP 269 EP 272 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BN58D UT WOS:000082305100046 ER PT S AU Sadoulet, B AF Sadoulet, B BE Caldwell, DO TI Direct dark matter searches: WIMPS and axions SO COSMO-98: SECOND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PARTICLE PHYSICS AND THE EARLY UNIVERSE SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Particle Physics and the Early Universe CY NOV 15-20, 1998 CL ASILOMAR, CA ID DOUBLE-BETA; COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS; GRAN-SASSO; LIMITS; CANDIDATES; OSCILLATIONS; UNIVERSE; MASS; DETECTORS; NEUTRINOS AB After briefly recalling the evidence which suggests that the dark matter pervading the universe is nonbaryonic, we review the present searches for the best motivated particle candidates: axions, light neutrinos and Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sadoulet@cfpa.berkeley.edu NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-853-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 478 BP 363 EP 377 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BN58D UT WOS:000082305100063 ER PT S AU Hagmann, C AF Hagmann, C BE Caldwell, DO TI A relic neutrino detector SO COSMO-98: SECOND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON PARTICLE PHYSICS AND THE EARLY UNIVERSE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Particle Physics and the Early Universe CY NOV 15-20, 1998 CL ASILOMAR, CA ID COSMOLOGY AB Probably the most promising way of detecting cosmic neutrinos is measuring the mechanical force exerted by elastic scattering of cosmic neutrinos from macroscopic targets. The expected acceleration is similar to 10(-23)cm/s(2) for Dirac neutrinos of mass similar to 10 eV and local density similar to 10(7)/cm(3). A novel torsion balance design is presented, which addresses the sensitivity-limiting factors of existing balances, such as seismic and thermal noise, and angular readout resolution anti stability. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hagmann, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-853-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 478 BP 460 EP 463 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BN58D UT WOS:000082305100076 ER PT B AU Winstanley, JL AF Winstanley, JL BE Hylko, JM Salyer, RL TI Comparison of radiation safety and nuclear explosive safety disciplines SO CREATION AND FUTURE LEGACY OF STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS, AND CONSUMPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health-Physics-Society CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Hlth Phys Soc Rio Grande Chapter C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Winstanley, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-125, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-88-X PY 1999 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM63F UT WOS:000079308800004 ER PT B AU Boggs, CJ AF Boggs, CJ BE Hylko, JM Salyer, RL TI Health and safety considerations for United States monitors in the Russian transparency program SO CREATION AND FUTURE LEGACY OF STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS, AND CONSUMPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health-Physics-Society CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Hlth Phys Soc Rio Grande Chapter C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Boggs, CJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-88-X PY 1999 BP 45 EP 46 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM63F UT WOS:000079308800007 ER PT B AU Donahue, CA Fairchild, RF AF Donahue, CA Fairchild, RF BE Hylko, JM Salyer, RL TI Radiological considerations in the transport, use, and acceleration of isotopes for radioactive ion beams SO CREATION AND FUTURE LEGACY OF STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS, AND CONSUMPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health-Physics-Society CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Hlth Phys Soc Rio Grande Chapter AB Berkeley Experiments with Accelerated Radioactive Species (BEARS) is an initiative to develop Radioactive Ion Beams (RIBs) capabilities at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab). RIBs offer new opportunities for research into nuclear structure, condensed matter physics, and nuclear astrophysics. The BEARS system in development involves the production of light-mass, proton-rich species using the 10-MeV proton beam of the Biomedical Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Cyclotron at Berkeley Lab. The radioactive material produced includes 20-minute C-11, IO-minute N-13, and 70-second O-14, which will be continually transported to the 88-Inch Cyclotron from the Biomedical Cyclotron via a gas-jet capillary. The transport line will be installed above ground for most of the 300-meter distance between the two facilities. This paper will provide an overview of the BEARS gas-jet transport technique focusing on the health physics concerns associated with this research. Health physics concerns include the shielding of the 0.511-MeV positron annihilation radiation; the containment of gaseous radioactive material produced; the design, shielding, and posting of the transport line; and the monitoring of the effluent. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Donahue, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-88-X PY 1999 BP 59 EP 63 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM63F UT WOS:000079308800010 ER PT B AU McDonald, MJ Carson, SD Longley, SW Parma, EJ Vernon, ME AF McDonald, MJ Carson, SD Longley, SW Parma, EJ Vernon, ME BE Hylko, JM Salyer, RL TI Mo-99 isotope production preparation at Sandia National Laboratory SO CREATION AND FUTURE LEGACY OF STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS, AND CONSUMPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health-Physics-Society CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Hlth Phys Soc Rio Grande Chapter AB Mo-99 is the precursor to Tc-99m and is used to produce Tc-99m generators. Tc-99m became the most widely used radioisotope in the medical industry for diagnostic applications. Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is in the preparation phase for the production of Mo-99. Preparatory work includes reproduction and verification of the Cintichem Mo-99 production process; development of production hardware; modification of the Hot Cell Facility (HCF); reconfiguration of the Annular Core Research Reactor (ACRR) core; and preparation of documentation to meet the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) requirements of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) process. In addition, radiation effects tests were performed at the Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF) on processing chemicals and hardware used in the processing to evaluate the degradation due to the high radiation field experienced during chemical separation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McDonald, MJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-88-X PY 1999 BP 65 EP 70 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM63F UT WOS:000079308800011 ER PT B AU Carson, SD McDonald, MJ Tallant, DR Garcia, MJ Simpson, RL AF Carson, SD McDonald, MJ Tallant, DR Garcia, MJ Simpson, RL BE Hylko, JM Salyer, RL TI Self-irradiation effects on Mo-99 reagents and products SO CREATION AND FUTURE LEGACY OF STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS, AND CONSUMPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health-Physics-Society CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Hlth Phys Soc Rio Grande Chapter C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carson, SD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-88-X PY 1999 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM63F UT WOS:000079308800012 ER PT B AU Berne, A AF Berne, A BE Hylko, JM Salyer, RL TI Combined standard uncertainty for radiochemical determinations SO CREATION AND FUTURE LEGACY OF STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS, AND CONSUMPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health-Physics-Society CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Hlth Phys Soc Rio Grande Chapter AB Quantitative determination of many radioactive analytes in environmental samples begins with sample preparation to solubilize the matrix, followed by a series of separation and purification steps. Losses of the analyte associated with these steps can be monitored and corrected by use of one or more tracers. The calculation of the analyte activity concentration has to include all data gathered during the sample preparation, the separation and purification steps, and the final counting process. The final result has to be evaluated for its accuracy and precision, and the sources of uncertainties need to be determined and included. ISO guidelines can be used to standardize and simplify the process of calculating the combined standard uncertainty. An overview of the relevant concepts and equations as applied to calculations of radiochemical analytical results will be presented. The concept of the uncertainty budget will be introduced. C1 US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. RP Berne, A (reprint author), US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-88-X PY 1999 BP 97 EP 103 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM63F UT WOS:000079308800016 ER PT B AU Ruggieri, MR Davi, MA Tran, HH AF Ruggieri, MR Davi, MA Tran, HH BE Hylko, JM Salyer, RL TI Determining the extraction efficiency for removing tritiated water from silica gel using a solvent dilution technique SO CREATION AND FUTURE LEGACY OF STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS, AND CONSUMPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health-Physics-Society CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Hlth Phys Soc Rio Grande Chapter AB Silica gel is used as a desiccant to collect water vapor to measure air concentrations of tritiated water. A simple economic technique using solvent dilution has been employed at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to quantify the amount of tritiated water contained on silica gel. Silica gel samples are equilibrated with a measured volume of de-ionized water, and an aliquot of the equilibrated water is removed and analyzed for tritium using a liquid scintillation counter. A study was conducted to evaluate this application of the solvent dilution technique. The results of this study indicate that the analysis of silica gel far tritiated water using a solvent dilution technique can produce tritium extraction recoveries above 95%. Varying silica gel amounts, types, and initial silica gel water contents did not significantly affect recovery yields. These results verify that a solvent dilution method can be used effectively for quantifying tritiated water on silica gel when the initial water content of the silica gel is known (or can be estimated), and the diluted tritiated water concentration can be measured with liquid scintillation counting. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ruggieri, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-88-X PY 1999 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM63F UT WOS:000079308800018 ER PT B AU Waters, LS AF Waters, LS BE Hylko, JM Salyer, RL TI Hazard analysis for the high-power APT experiments at the LANSCE accelerator SO CREATION AND FUTURE LEGACY OF STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS, AND CONSUMPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health-Physics-Society CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Hlth Phys Soc Rio Grande Chapter C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Waters, LS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS H816, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-88-X PY 1999 BP 143 EP 144 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM63F UT WOS:000079308800022 ER PT B AU Baskett, RL Pace, JC AF Baskett, RL Pace, JC BE Hylko, JM Salyer, RL TI ARAC's radiological support of the Cassini Launch SO CREATION AND FUTURE LEGACY OF STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS, AND CONSUMPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health-Physics-Society CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Hlth Phys Soc Rio Grande Chapter AB The Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC) program at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) was the U.S. Department of Energy atmospheric modeling resource used for the contingency of potential radiological releases during the launch of the Cassini mission. Having the ARAC system up and running was one of the launch criteria during the countdown. The ARAC Center at LLNL forecasted detailed weather conditions and delivered consequence assessments for potential accident scenarios to NASA before and during launch operations. A key aspect of ARAC's support was to acquire a variety of meteorological data for use in both forecast and real-time model calculations. ARAC acquired electronically two types of real-time observed meteorological data: I) the set of on-site tower and profiler data via the Cape Canaveral Air Station (CCAS) Meteorological Interactive Data Display System (MIDDS), and 2) routine regional airport observations delivered to the ARAC Center from the Air Force Weather Agency. We also used two forecasted data sources: 1) the U.S. Air Force 45th Weather Squadron at CCAS, which forecasted soundings for launch time; and 2) the Navy Operational Regional Atmospheric Prediction System (NORAPS) prognostic model, which ARAC ran over the Cape. The NORAPS runs produced detailed, 24-hour forecasts of 3-D wind fields. ARAC used default radiological accident source terms involving the potential destruction of Cassini's Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs) during three phases: 1) before the launch, 2) during the first 5 seconds after ignition, and 3) from 5 to 143 seconds after ignition. ARAC successfully developed and delivered dose and deposition plots at 24 hours, 3 hours, and 30 minutes before each of the launch windows. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Baskett, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-88-X PY 1999 BP 161 EP 166 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM63F UT WOS:000079308800026 ER PT B AU Strom, DJ Watson, CR AF Strom, DJ Watson, CR BE Hylko, JM Salyer, RL TI Fool irradiation: A potential unwanted byproduct of food irradiation? SO CREATION AND FUTURE LEGACY OF STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS, AND CONSUMPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health-Physics-Society CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Hlth Phys Soc Rio Grande Chapter AB What is the rate of fatal or serious accidents at industrial irradiators? The numerator of this rate is surprisingly high. In the past 30 years, there have been at least eight serious accidents with sterilizers: Norway, 1982 (40 Gy); Israel, 1990 (15 Gy); Italy, 1975 (14 Gy); Peoples Republic of China, 1980 (8.3 and 3.2 Gy); Fl Salvador, 1989 (5.3 Gy); New Jersey USA, 1974 (4.1 Gy); New Jersey USA, 1977 (2.1 Gy); and Peoples Republic of China, 1987 (1.35 Gy). There have been at least 50 serious accidents involving sealed sources of all kinds. In too many cases, safety procedures were foolishly violated or safety systems intentionally defeated, resulting in "fool irradiation." For food irradiation to be acceptable, acute radiation deaths or injuries of food irradiation workers must not be substituted for the rare consumer death attributable to E coli O157:H7. The recent IAEA review "Lessons Learned from Accidents in Industrial Irradiation Facilities" and ICRP Publication 76, "Protection from Potential Exposures: Application to Selected Radiation Sources" show the way to prevent future "fool irradiation," thereby making possible the benefits of food irradiation. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Risk Anal & Hlth Protect Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Strom, DJ (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Risk Anal & Hlth Protect Grp, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-88-X PY 1999 BP 167 EP 171 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM63F UT WOS:000079308800027 ER PT B AU Wishau, R Montoya, A Ramsey, KB AF Wishau, R Montoya, A Ramsey, KB BE Hylko, JM Salyer, RL TI Application of molten salt oxidation for the minimization and recovery of Pu-238-contaminated wastes SO CREATION AND FUTURE LEGACY OF STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS, AND CONSUMPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health-Physics-Society CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Hlth Phys Soc Rio Grande Chapter C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wishau, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS K483, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-88-X PY 1999 BP 175 EP 179 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM63F UT WOS:000079308800029 ER PT B AU Teague, J Neuman, A AF Teague, J Neuman, A BE Hylko, JM Salyer, RL TI Mixed oxide fuel fabrication research and development SO CREATION AND FUTURE LEGACY OF STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS, AND CONSUMPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health-Physics-Society CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Hlth Phys Soc Rio Grande Chapter AB Mixed Oxide (MOX) fuel was prepared and analyzed by the Los Alamos National Laboratory Fuels Technology team. The objective of this project was to resolve technical issues associated with applying the large experience base of making MOX with reactor grade plutonium to the fabrication of MOX using surplus weapons-grade plutonium. MOX feed material blended at a ratio of 95 wt% UO2 to 5 wt% PuO2 and then pressed at a range of pressures was analyzed to determine the process parameters required to meet programmatic specifications. Green and sintered densities were compared to determine the range of pressures necessary to yield the final sintered density requirements. In addition, sintered density was compared with diametral shrinkage to establish a baseline range of pressures and sintering conditions. Experiments have shown that the feed material can be pressed at a range of pressures resulting in only small changes in sintered density. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Teague, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-88-X PY 1999 BP 181 EP 189 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM63F UT WOS:000079308800030 ER PT B AU Ward, DC AF Ward, DC BE Hylko, JM Salyer, RL TI Remediation of a classified waste landfill at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico SO CREATION AND FUTURE LEGACY OF STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS, AND CONSUMPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health-Physics-Society CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Hlth Phys Soc Rio Grande Chapter C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ward, DC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1173, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-88-X PY 1999 BP 211 EP 214 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM63F UT WOS:000079308800034 ER PT B AU Zeman, GH AF Zeman, GH BE Hylko, JM Salyer, RL TI Berkeley lab pilot on external regulation of DOE national laboratories by the US NRC SO CREATION AND FUTURE LEGACY OF STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS, AND CONSUMPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health-Physics-Society CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Hlth Phys Soc Rio Grande Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zeman, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-88-X PY 1999 BP 241 EP 244 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM63F UT WOS:000079308800039 ER PT B AU Schoonover, M AF Schoonover, M BE Hylko, JM Salyer, RL TI Transition issues for NRC regulation of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory SO CREATION AND FUTURE LEGACY OF STOCKPILE STEWARDSHIP: ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, APPLICATIONS, AND CONSUMPTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Midyear Topical Meeting of the Health-Physics-Society CY JAN 24-27, 1999 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP Hlth Phys Soc Rio Grande Chapter C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Radiat Protect Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schoonover, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Radiat Protect Grp, MS 75B-101, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-88-X PY 1999 BP 245 EP 249 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM63F UT WOS:000079308800040 ER PT B AU Biner, SB AF Biner, SB BE Mishra, RS Mukherjee, AK Murty, KL TI Characterization of creep deformation behavior of SiC particulate reinforced aluminum composite SO CREEP BEHAVIOR OF ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Creep Behavior of Advanced Materials for the 21st-Century, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, MPMD Div, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, SMD Div ID BOUNDARY CAVITATION AB In this study, the grain boundary sliding behavior in the discontinuously reinforced polycrystalline composites were investigated numerically and the creep deformation and creep rupture behavior of 20vol% SIC reinforced 2014 aluminum alloy and 1100 aluminum alloy were studied experimentally. The results indicate that the stress enhancement resulting from the grain sliding, grain rotations and cavitation play a significant role in the creep deformation behavior of the composite. When these effects and the threshold stress concepts are considered together, the creep data for the SiC reinforced aluminum composite unify with the creep data for the 1100 aluminum alloy. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Biner, SB (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-420-8 PY 1999 BP 115 EP 126 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM94E UT WOS:000080197700011 ER PT B AU Wadsworth, J Ruano, OA Sherby, OD AF Wadsworth, J Ruano, OA Sherby, OD BE Mishra, RS Mukherjee, AK Murty, KL TI Deformation by grain boundary sliding and slip creep versus diffusional creep SO CREEP BEHAVIOR OF ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Creep Behavior of Advanced Materials for the 21st-Century, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, MPMD Div, Minerals Met & Mat Soc, SMD Div ID LOW STRESS CREEP; INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURES; URANIUM-DIOXIDE; DENUDED ZONES; HARPER-DORN; METALS AB A review is presented of the debates between the present authors and other investigators regarding the possible role of diffusional creep in the plastic flow of polycrystalline metals at low stresses. These debates are recorded in eleven papers over the past seventeen years. In these papers it has been shown that the creep rates of materials in the so-called "diffusional creep region" are almost always higher than those predicted by the diffusional creep theory. Additionally, the predictions of grain size effects and stress exponents from diffusional creep theory are often not found in the experimental data. Finally, denuded zones have been universally considered to be direct evidence for diffusional creep; but, those reported in the literature are shown to be found only under conditions where a high stress exponent is observed. Also, the locations of the denuded zones do not match those predicted. Alternative mechanisms are described in which diffusion-controlled dislocation creep and/or grain boundary sliding are the dominant deformation processes in low-stress creep. It is proposed that denuded zones are formed by stress-directed grain boundary migration with the precipitates dissolving in the moving grain boundaries. The above observations have led us to the conclusion that grain boundary sliding and slip creep are in fact the principal mechanisms for observations of plastic flow in the so-called "diffusional creep regions.". C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wadsworth, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-001, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Ruano, Oscar/H-1835-2015 OI Ruano, Oscar/0000-0001-6368-986X NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-420-8 PY 1999 BP 425 EP 439 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM94E UT WOS:000080197700037 ER PT J AU Hjeresen, DL AF Hjeresen, DL TI Green chemistry initiatives at Los Alamos National Laboratory SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Russian/American Environmental Chemistry Workshop on Chemistry and Environmental Protection CY MAY 25-28, 1998 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Management Programs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hjeresen, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Management Programs, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1040-8347 J9 CRIT REV ANAL CHEM JI Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 1999 VL 28 IS 4 BP 348 EP 349 DI 10.1080/10408349891199176 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 165HL UT WOS:000078515200003 ER PT J AU Ismagilov, ZR Kerzhensev, MA Adamson, MG Heywood, AC AF Ismagilov, ZR Kerzhensev, MA Adamson, MG Heywood, AC TI Catalysis solves environmental problems of nuclear industry SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Russian/American Environmental Chemistry Workshop on Chemistry and Environmental Protection CY MAY 25-28, 1998 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA C1 Boreskov Inst Catalysis, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ismagilov, ZR (reprint author), Boreskov Inst Catalysis, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RI ismagilov, zinfer/L-9981-2013 OI ismagilov, zinfer/0000-0002-1520-9216 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS INC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1040-8347 J9 CRIT REV ANAL CHEM JI Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 1999 VL 28 IS 4 BP 350 EP 351 DI 10.1080/10408349891199185 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 165HL UT WOS:000078515200004 ER PT J AU Zlatanova, J Leuba, SH van Holde, K AF Zlatanova, J Leuba, SH van Holde, K TI Chromatin structure revisited SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN EUKARYOTIC GENE EXPRESSION LA English DT Article DE core particle; chromatosome; linker histone; HMG1; extended chromatin fiber; condensed chromatin fiber ID SCANNING FORCE MICROSCOPY; HIGHER-ORDER STRUCTURE; LINKER HISTONES B4; GLOBULAR DOMAIN; NUCLEOSOME STRUCTURE; BINDING-SITE; DNA; H1; MODEL; FIBER AB Independently of the enormous progress in our understanding of the structure of the core particle, then remain a multitude of structural questions still to be answered. The main points discussed here can be summarized as follows: (1) The meaning of the term 'core particle' should be widened to reflect the fact that the actual length of DNA wrapped around the histone octamer in the context of the chromatin fiber may vary between similar to 100 and similar to 170 bp. (2) In the chromatosome, the Linker histone forms a bridge between one terminus of the chromatosomal DNA and a point close to the dyad axis, (3) The particle that contains one molecule of HMG 1 may be classified as a bonafide chromatosome. (4) In the extended fiber, the partition of the nucleosomal DNA into core and linker is a dynamic feature, responding to environmental influences; fiber structure-related constraints demand that linker length be beyond a certain minimal value. (5) The compact fiber structure seems to be rather irregular; the precise nature of this structure is still to be determined. Finally, the term 30-nm fiber should be dropped as a designator of the compact or condensed chromatin fiber structure. C1 Agronne Natl Lab, Biochip Technol Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Lab Receptor Biol & Gene Express, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20896 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Zlatanova, Jordanka/B-3273-2009 FU FIC NIH HHS [TW00568] NR 51 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 79 MADISON AVE, SUITE 1205, NEW YORK, NY 10016-7892 USA SN 1045-4403 J9 CRIT REV EUKAR GENE JI Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr. PY 1999 VL 9 IS 3-4 BP 245 EP + PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 275HT UT WOS:000084815300009 PM 10651241 ER PT B AU Olson, JR Swift, GW AF Olson, JR Swift, GW BE Ross, RG TI Suppression of acoustic streaming in tapered pulse tubes SO CRYOCOOLERS 10 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Cryocooler Conference CY MAY 26-28, 1998 CL LOCKHEED MARTIN ADV TECHNOL CTR, MONTEREY, CA HO LOCKHEED MARTIN ADV TECHNOL CTR AB In a pulse tube cryocooler, the gas in the pulse tube can be thought of as an insulating piston, transmitting pressure and velocity from the cold heat exchanger to the hot end of the pulse tube. Unfortunately, convective heat transfer can carry heat from the hot end to the cold end and reduce the net cooling power. Here, we discuss one driver of such convection: steady acoustic streaming as generated by interactions between the boundary and the oscillating pressure, velocity, and temperature. Using a perturbation method, we have derived an analytical expression for the streaming in a tapered pulse tube with axially varying mean temperature in the acoustic boundary layer limit. Our calculations showed that the streaming depends strongly on the taper angle, the ratio of velocity and pressure amplitudes, and the phase between the velocity and pressure, but it depends only weakly on the mean temperature profile and is independent of the overall oscillatory amplitude. With the appropriate tapering of the tube, streaming can be eliminated for a particular operating condition. Experimentally, we have demonstrated that an orifice pulse tube cryocooler with the calculated zero-streaming taper has more cooling power than one with either a cylindrical tube or a tapered pulse tube with twice the optimum taper angle. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Olson, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Thermal Phys Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46120-X PY 1999 BP 307 EP 313 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BR59Y UT WOS:000166912300036 ER PT B AU Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA AF Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA BE Ross, RG TI Gd-Zn alloys as active magnetic regenerator materials for magnetic refrigeration SO CRYOCOOLERS 10 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Cryocooler Conference CY MAY 26-28, 1998 CL LOCKHEED MARTIN ADV TECHNOL CTR, MONTEREY, CA HO LOCKHEED MARTIN ADV TECHNOL CTR AB Stoichiometric GdZn crystallizes in the cubic CsCl-type crystal structure and has been reported to order ferromagnetically at 270 K. Experimental measurements of the magnetization and heat capacity of GdZn as a function of temperature and magnetic field confirm the ordering temperature and the type of magnetic order. The calculated magnetocaloric effect (in terms of the adiabatic temperature rise, DeltaT(ad), and the isothermal magnetic entropy change, DeltaS(mag)) peaks at 270 K and reaches values of 6.5 K (-7 J/kg K) and 10.5 K (-11 J/kg K) for magnetic field changes of 0 to 5 and 0 to 10 T, respectively. The maximum magnetocaloric effect in GdZn is approximately 30% smaller than that observed in pure Gd, which is consistent with the amount of non-magnetic Zn in the intermetallic compound. Modeling of the magnetocaloric effect of different two-phase alloy compositions, including the eutectic composition alloy (50 mol.% GdZn + 50 mol.% Gd), indicates that Gd-Zn alloys with less than 50 at.% (similar to 30 wt.%) Zn can be used as high performance active magnetic regenerator materials. Both Gd and GdZn are magnetically soft showing negligible magnetic hysteresis. The behavior of DeltaT(ad) and \ DeltaS(mag)\ can be adjusted between two boundary conditions: (1) DeltaT(ad) and \S-mag\ decreasing almost linearly from similar to 300 and similar to 270 K, and (2) DeltaT(ad) and \S-mag\ remaining practically constant over the range similar to 300 to similar to 270 K. This ability to adjust the magnetocaloric effect properties allows one a flexibility in designing different refrigeration cycles and highly effective regenerator materials. A possible application for these alloys is for climate control magnetic refrigeration devices and refrigerators/freezers. Alloying Gd with Zn significantly reduces melting temperature of the alloys (the eutectic alloy melts at similar to 860 degreesC) compared to that of pure Gd (1313 degreesC) and also improves the ductility over the GdZn intermetallide. This should simplify their fabrication into useful shapes (spheres, thin sheets, wires, etc.) for magnetic regenerator beds. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pecharsky, VK (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46120-X PY 1999 BP 629 EP 637 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BR59Y UT WOS:000166912300075 ER PT B AU Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA Dan'kov, SY Tishin, AM AF Pecharsky, VK Gschneidner, KA Dan'kov, SY Tishin, AM BE Ross, RG TI Magnetocaloric properties of Gd3Al2 SO CRYOCOOLERS 10 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Cryocooler Conference CY MAY 26-28, 1998 CL LOCKHEED MARTIN ADV TECHNOL CTR, MONTEREY, CA HO LOCKHEED MARTIN ADV TECHNOL CTR AB The magnetic and thermal properties of Gd3Al2 have been studied using four different experimental techniques. The magnetocaloric effect was measured directly in quasi-static fields up to 2 T and in pulsed fields up to 8 T, and calculated from the temperature and magnetic field dependencies of the heat capacity, and the magnetization. The compound orders ferrimagnetically at 281 K in zero magnetic field. In magnetic fields larger than similar to3 T a metamagnetic transition occurs between 40 and 50 K. The complex magnetic properties of Gd3Al2 also influence the behavior of the magnetocaloric effect. For a magnetic field change from 0 to 2 T the adiabatic temperature rise (DeltaT(ad)), which is a single maximum, is similar to2 K at the Curie temperature (T-C=281 K). As the magnetic field increases from 2 to 5 T and greater, additional low temperature anomalies (two maxima and two minima) develop in the temperature range 15 to 150 K. Magnetocaloric effect maxima occur at 50 K (DeltaT(ad) = 3.4 K, DeltaS(mag) = -8.8 J/kg K) and at 281 K (DeltaT(ad) = 7.7 K, DeltaS(mag) = -7.2 J/kg K) for a magnetic field change from 0 to 10 T. Experimental data obtained from the different measurement techniques are in excellent agreement with each other. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Pecharsky, VK (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Tishin, Alexander/E-8705-2014 OI Tishin, Alexander/0000-0003-2252-7279 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46120-X PY 1999 BP 639 EP 645 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BR59Y UT WOS:000166912300076 ER PT B AU Niemann, RC Hull, JR AF Niemann, RC Hull, JR BE Ross, RG TI Cryocooler applications for high-temperature superconductor magnetic bearings SO CRYOCOOLERS 10 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Cryocooler Conference CY MAY 26-28, 1998 CL LOCKHEED MARTIN ADV TECHNOL CTR, MONTEREY, CA HO LOCKHEED MARTIN ADV TECHNOL CTR AB The efficiency and stability of rotational magnetic suspension systems are enhanced by the use of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) magnetic bearings. Fundamental aspects of the I-ITS magnetic bearings and rotational magnetic suspension are presented. I-ITS bearings can be cooled by liquid cryogen bath immersion or by direct conduction, and thus there are various applications and integration issues for cryocoolers. Among the numerous cryocooler aspects to be considered are installation, operating temperature, losses, and vacuum pumping. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Niemann, RC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46120-X PY 1999 BP 847 EP 855 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BR59Y UT WOS:000166912300100 ER PT J AU Sumption, MD Collings, EW Scanlan, RM Nijhuis, A ten Kate, HHJ AF Sumption, MD Collings, EW Scanlan, RM Nijhuis, A ten Kate, HHJ TI Core-suppressed AC loss and strand-moderated contact resistance in a Nb3Sn Rutherford cable SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE Nb3Sn; Rutherford cable; AC loss; contact resistance; stainless steel core ID COUPLING LOSSES; SUPERCONDUCTING CABLES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; ACCELERATOR; CONDUCTOR; DIPOLE AB Calorimetric measurements of AC loss and hence interstrand contact resistance (ICR), have been performed on two types of Rutherford cable wound with unplated Nb3Sn strand. One of the cable types was furnished with a thin core of AISI 316L stainless steel and the other was left uncored, The cables were subjected to pressures of 5, 10, and 20 MPa, respectively, during reaction heat treatment (RHT), and to 100 MPa during measurement. AC loss was measured at 4.2 K in sinusoidal magnetic fields of amplitudes 200 and 400 mT at frequencies of 5 to 90 mHz both with and without the presence of DC bias fields of up to 1 T. The magnetic fields were applied both parallel and perpendicular to the face of the cable. For the cored cables ICR was relatively high ( approximate to 78 mu Omega). Loss and contact resistance were relatively independent of RHT pressure within the range measured. The contact resistance of the uncored cables were also RHT-pressure independent, however, the absolute values of ICR were much lower, being about 2.7 mu Omega with a 1 T background field, and very much smaller in the absence of a background field. The background-field dependence was shown to be due to the presence of an unreacted Nb barrier which enveloped the strand just below the external Cu stabilizer and thereby provided very low resistance coupling paths at small bias fields. The relative roles of strand and cable designs in the determination of interstrand losses are discussed. It is concluded that a low-loss Nb3Sn Rutherford cable has been achieved through the use of a metallic-alloy core. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All,rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Superconducting Magnet Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Twente, Ctr Appl Superconduct, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Sumption, MD (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 477 Watts Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RI Sumption, Mike/N-5913-2016 OI Sumption, Mike/0000-0002-4243-8380 NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD JAN PY 1999 VL 39 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1016/S0011-2275(99)00002-8 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 183FL UT WOS:000079543500001 ER PT S AU Wilcox, DC Pierson, LG Robertson, PJ Witzke, EL Gass, K AF Wilcox, DC Pierson, LG Robertson, PJ Witzke, EL Gass, K BE Koc, CK Paar, C TI A DES ASIC suitable for network encryption at 10 Gbps and beyond SO CRYPTOGRAPHIC HARDWARE AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded System (CHES 99) CY AUG 12-13, 1999 CL WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS AB The Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Data Encryption Standard (DES) Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) is the fastest known implementation of the DES algorithm as defined in the Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) Publication 46-2. DES is used for protecting data by cryptographic means. The SNL DES ASIC, over 10 times faster than other currently available DES chips, is a high-speed, fully pipelined implementation offering encryption, decryption, unique key input, or algorithm bypassing on each clock cycle. Operating beyond 105 MHz on 64 bit words, this device is capable of data throughputs greater than 6.7 Billion bits per second (tester limited). Simulations predict proper operation up to 9.28 Billion bits per second. in low frequency, low data rate applications, the ASIC consumes less that one milliwatt of power. The device has features for passing control signals synchronized to throughput data. Three SNL DES ASICs may be easily cascaded to provide the much greater security of triple-key, triple-DES. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Utah State Univ, Albuquerque, NM 87111 USA. RP Wilcox, DC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-66646-X J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1717 BP 37 EP 48 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BQ52A UT WOS:000088608600005 ER PT S AU Geiser, U AF Geiser, U BE Braga, D Grepioni, F Orpen, AG TI Toward crystal design in organic conductors and superconductors SO CRYSTAL ENGINEERING: FROM MOLECULES AND CRYSTALS TO MATERIALS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Crystal Engineering - From Molecules and Crystals to Materials CY MAY 12-23, 1999 CL ERICE, ITALY SP NATO Adv Study Inst ID AMBIENT-PRESSURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; BEDT-TTF; BIS(ETHYLENEDITHIO)TETRATHIAFULVALENE; KAPPA-(ET)2CUCL; TEMPERATURE; SALTS C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Geiser, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-5898-8 J9 NATO ADV SCI I C-MAT PY 1999 VL 538 BP 279 EP 294 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic; Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Crystallography; Materials Science GA BP83M UT WOS:000086370600016 ER PT S AU Pint, BA Tortorelli, PF Wright, IG AF Pint, BA Tortorelli, PF Wright, IG BE Schutze, M Quadakkers, WJ TI Effect of cycle frequency on high-temperature oxidation behaviour of alumina- and chromia-forming alloys SO CYCLIC OXIDATION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS: MECHANISMS, TESTING METHODS, CHARACTERISATION AND LIFE TIME ESTIMATION SE EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF CORROSION PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European-Federation-of-Corrosion Workshop on Cyclic Oxidation Testing as a Tool for High Temperature Materials Characterisation CY FEB 25-26, 1999 CL DECHEMA EV, KARL WINNACKER INST, FRANKFURT, GERMANY SP European Federat Corros HO DECHEMA EV, KARL WINNACKER INST ID REACTIVE-ELEMENT; SCALE ADHESION; SULFUR REMOVAL; OXIDE SCALES; BASE ALLOYS; NI-BASE; SPALLATION; SEGREGATION; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISMS AB Cycle frequency affects both high-temperature oxidation performance and the method in which the cyclic test is conducted. Several factors are discussed using results taken from Ni-base and Fe-base alumina- and chromia-forming alloys. For the most adherent scales, cycle frequency has little effect on results over extended test times (greater than or equal to 500 h). When the scale is less adherent, reducing the cycle frequency typically has the expected effect of increasing the mass loss per unit exposure time; however, the opposite effect is observed in other cases. Low-cycle frequency experiments performed in alumina crucibles have the important benefit of collecting the spalled oxide and, for chromia-formers, volatility products. The test method and cycle frequency ultimately have a strong effect on lifetime predictions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOM COMMUNICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 1354-5116 BN 1-86125-100-9 J9 EUR FED CORR PUBL PY 1999 IS 27 BP 111 EP 132 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR73C UT WOS:000167358300007 ER PT S AU Leyens, C Wright, IG Pint, BA Tortorelli, PF AF Leyens, C Wright, IG Pint, BA Tortorelli, PF BE Schutze, M Quadakkers, WJ TI Significance of experimental procedures on the hot corrosion behaviour of nickel-base alloys under cyclic conditions SO CYCLIC OXIDATION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIALS: MECHANISMS, TESTING METHODS, CHARACTERISATION AND LIFE TIME ESTIMATION SE EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF CORROSION PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European-Federation-of-Corrosion Workshop on Cyclic Oxidation Testing as a Tool for High Temperature Materials Characterisation CY FEB 25-26, 1999 CL DECHEMA EV, KARL WINNACKER INST, FRANKFURT, GERMANY SP European Federat Corros HO DECHEMA EV, KARL WINNACKER INST AB A simplified test procedure was established to assess the hot corrosion behaviour of MCrAlY-type nickel-base alloys under the influence of molten sodium sulfate as well as sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate salt mixtures. Salt coated specimens were exposed to Ih thermal cycles at 950 degreesC in flowing oxygen for up to 500 cycles. Mass change data of the specimens revealed a significant dependence of the corrosion not only, as expected, on the average contaminant flux rate, but also on the initial amount of salt deposited during each recoating cycle. Furthermore, deposit removal before salt recoating was found to markedly influence the corrosion of the alloys. This was related to changes in salt chemistry by the dissolution of elements such as Cr from the alloy which shifted the basicity of the salt and thus affected the extent of attack. Substituting Na for K in sodium sulfate/potassium sulfate salt mixtures generally resulted in decreased attack. Although the high K-containing salts still caused significant attack typical of Type-I hot corrosion, the overall degradation was much less than for sodium sulfate alone. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Corros Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Leyens, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Corros Sci & Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOM COMMUNICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 1354-5116 BN 1-86125-100-9 J9 EUR FED CORR PUBL PY 1999 IS 27 BP 169 EP 186 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BR73C UT WOS:000167358300010 ER PT B AU Xie, ZQ Lyneis, CM Clark, DJ Guy, A Lundgren, SA AF Xie, ZQ Lyneis, CM Clark, DJ Guy, A Lundgren, SA BE Baron, E Lieuvin, M TI Vacuum improvements for ultra high charge state ion acceleration SO CYCLOTRONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications CY JUN 14-19, 1998 CL CAEN, FRANCE SP Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Commissariat Energie Atom, CNRS, Consril Gen & Conseil Reg Lower Normandy, GANIL AB The installation of a second cryo panel has significantly improved the vacuum in the 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The neutral pressure in the extraction region decreased from 1.2x10(-6) down to about 7x10(-7) Torr. The vacuum improvement reduces beam loss from charge changing collisions and enhances the cyclotron beam transmission, especially for the high charge state heavy ions. Tests with improved vacuum show the cyclotron transmission increased more than 50% (from 5.7% to 9.0%) for a Xe27+ at 603 MeV, more than doubled for a Bi41+ beam (from 1.9% to 4.6%) at 904 MeV and tripled for a U47+ beam (from 1.2% to 3.6%) at 1115 MeV. At about 5 MeV/nucleon 92 enA (2.2 pnA) for Bi41+ and 14 enA (0.3 pnA) for U47+ were extracted out of the sg-Inch Cyclotron Ion beams with charge states as high as U64+ have been produced by the LBNL AECR-U ion source and accelerated through the cyclotron for the first time. The beam losses for a variety of ultra high charge state ions were measured as a function of cyclotron pressure and compared with the calculations from the existing models. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xie, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0663-7 PY 1999 BP 179 EP 182 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BN49J UT WOS:000082032800044 ER PT J AU Weier, HUG Fung, J Lersch, RA AF Weier, HUG Fung, J Lersch, RA TI Assignment of protooncogene MERTK (a.k.a. c-mer) to human chromosome 2q14.1 by in situ hybridization SO CYTOGENETICS AND CELL GENETICS LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lersch, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, MS 74-157,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0301-0171 J9 CYTOGENET CELL GENET JI Cytogenet. Cell Genet. PY 1999 VL 84 IS 1-2 BP 91 EP 92 DI 10.1159/000015223 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 195RY UT WOS:000080266200020 PM 10343112 ER PT J AU Bench, G Corzett, MH Martinelli, R Balhorn, R AF Bench, G Corzett, MH Martinelli, R Balhorn, R TI Cadmium concentrations in the testes, sperm, and spermatids of mice subjected to long-term cadmium chloride exposure SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE cadmium; sperm; testes; fertility; reproduction ID HUMAN SEMINAL PLASMA; TRACE-ELEMENTS; LEAD; RAT; MEN AB Background: Exposures to cadmium have been reported to reduce male fertility and there are several hypotheses that suggest how reduced male fertility may result from incorporation of cadmium into sperm chromatin The purpose of this study was to determine whether mice subjected to long-term intraperitoneal cadmium exposure incorporated cadmium into their sperm chromatin. Methods: Male mice mere exposed to 0.1 mg/kg body weight cadmium in the form of CdCl2 via intraperitoneal injection once per week for 4, 10, 26, and 52 weeks and then sacrificed. The cadmium contents of the liver, testes, pooled sperm, and pooled spermatids from dosed and control animals were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Cadmium and zinc contents in individual sperm and spermatid heads were determined by particle-induced x-ray emission. Results: Atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed that although cadmium accumulated in the Liver and testes,cadmium was not detected in pooled sperm or spermatid samples down to minimum detectable limits of 0.02 mu g/g dry weight. Particle-induced x-ray emission analyses did not show the presence of cadmium in any sperm or spermatid head down to minimum detectable limits of 15 mu g/g dry weight. Particle-induced x-ray emission analyses also demonstrated that phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc concentrations in individual sperm and spermatid heads were not altered by exposure to CdCl2. Conclusions: Because cadmium was not incorporated into sperm chromatin at levels above 0.02 mu g/g dry weight, the data cast doubt on hypotheses that suggest that reduced male fertility may result from incorporation of cadmium into sperm chromatin. Cytometry 35:30-36, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assessment Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bench, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, L-397, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bench1@llnl.gov NR 34 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 30 EP 36 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19990101)35:1<30::AID-CYTO5>3.0.CO;2-M PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 154LM UT WOS:000077890700004 PM 10554178 ER PT J AU Keij, JF Bell-Prince, C Steinkamp, JA AF Keij, JF Bell-Prince, C Steinkamp, JA TI Simultaneous analysis of relative DNA and glutathione content in viable cells by phase-resolved flow cytometry SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE cell cycle; flow cytometry; fluorescence lifetime; Hoechst 33342; instrumentation; monobromobimane ID FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS; CELLULAR GLUTATHIONE; PARTICLES; SIGNALS AB Background: Analysis of the DNA cell cycle and glutathione content cannot be performed on viable cells, because the fluorescence emissions of the DNA-specific probe Hoechst 33342 and the glutathione-specific probe monobromobimane overlap completely. We decided to explore whether the emissions could be resolved by the singlet excited state lifetimes of the probes. Methods: Viable cells were first incubated With Hoechst 33342 at 37 degrees C for 30 min and then with monobromobimane at room temperature for 10 min. Samples were excited with a sinusoidally modulated laser beam (10 MHz) in a flow cytometer. The Hoechst 33342 and monobromobimane Lifetimes and fluorescence intensities were resolved by using phase-sensitive detectors. Results: The observed singlet excited state lifetimes were 1.5 ns for Hoechst 33342 and 12 ns for monobrumobimane. The glutathione (GSH) content was shown to increase as cells (GM 130, HL60, U937) progressed through the cell cycle. However, after the data were corrected for differences in cell volume, it was found that the GSH concentration was constant throughout the cell cycle of the exponentially growing cells. Conclusions: Phase-resolved flow cytometry provides a means for the specific analysis of the GSH content/ concentration as a function of the cell's position in the DNA cell cycle in viable cells. Cytometry) 35.48-54, 1999 (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss,Inc. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Keij, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, LS-5,MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM keij@lanl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [P41-RR013150, R01-RR07855] NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1 BP 48 EP 54 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19990101)35:1<48::AID-CYTO7>3.0.CO;2-5 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 154LM UT WOS:000077890700006 PM 10554180 ER PT J AU Baylor, LR Jernigan, TC Houlberg, WA Gohil, P Burrell, KH AF Baylor, LR Jernigan, TC Houlberg, WA Gohil, P Burrell, KH TI Modification to the toroidal rotation velocity and radial electric field by pellet injection in DIII-D SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. RP Baylor, LR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 1999 VL 49 SU 3 BP 13 EP 20 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V3295 UT WOS:000173245900003 ER PT J AU Prokofiev, AN Allgower, CE Azhgirej, LS Ball, J Beddo, M Bedfer, Y Boutefnouchet, A Bystricky, J Demierre, P Fontaine, JM Ghazikhanian, V Grosnick, D Janout, Z Janout, ZF Kalinnikov, VA Kasprzyk, TE Khachaturov, BA Kunne, R Lehar, F de Lesquen, A Lopiano, D Matafonov, VN Pisarev, IL Piskunov, NM Popov, AA Rapin, D Sans, JL Spinka, HM Stoletov, GD Trentalange, S Usov, YA Vikhrov, VV Vuaridel, B Whitten, CA Zhdanov, AA AF Prokofiev, AN Allgower, CE Azhgirej, LS Ball, J Beddo, M Bedfer, Y Boutefnouchet, A Bystricky, J Demierre, P Fontaine, JM Ghazikhanian, V Grosnick, D Janout, Z Janout, ZF Kalinnikov, VA Kasprzyk, TE Khachaturov, BA Kunne, R Lehar, F de Lesquen, A Lopiano, D Matafonov, VN Pisarev, IL Piskunov, NM Popov, AA Rapin, D Sans, JL Spinka, HM Stoletov, GD Trentalange, S Usov, YA Vikhrov, VV Vuaridel, B Whitten, CA Zhdanov, AA TI Polarimetry of the polarized proton and deuteron beams at intermediate energies SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Symmetry and Spin (PRAHA 98) CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1998 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Charles Univ, Fac Math & Phys, Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Czech Tech Univ, Prague, Tech Univ Liberec, Czech Acad Sci, Inst Scientif Instruments, Brno AB Method and results of the beam polarization measurements are presented. The measurements were carried out at the proton polarized beam of Saturne-II accelerator as well as at the JINR (Dubna) synchrophasotron vector polarized deuteron beam, The analysis of the elastic (quasi-elastic) pp-scattering polarization is used as a method of the polarization measurements. The energy range of the measurement is 1.0 less than or equal to T-p less than or equal to 2.8 GeV for polarized proton and 1.66 less than or equal to T-d less than or equal to 7.3 GeV for polarized deuteron beams. C1 RAS, Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. IN2P3, CNRS, Lab Natl Saturne, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CENS, CEA, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. CENS, CEA, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. RP Prokofiev, AN (reprint author), RAS, Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CZECHOSLOVAK JNL OF PHYSICS PI PRAGUE PA FYZIKALNI USTAV AV NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 180 40, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 1999 VL 49 SU 2 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1007/s10582-999-0082-8 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 225QY UT WOS:000081973300005 ER PT J AU Voitsekhovitch, I Moreau, D Garbet, X Litaudon, X Baker, DR Gohil, P Kinsey, J Taylor, TS Budny, RV Stallard, BW AF Voitsekhovitch, I Moreau, D Garbet, X Litaudon, X Baker, DR Gohil, P Kinsey, J Taylor, TS Budny, RV Stallard, BW TI Modelling of shear effects on electron particle transport in advanced tokamak scenarios SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB Electron particle transport is studied by modelling the time-dependent particle balance in plasmas with reversed magnetic shear configurations and with monotonic q-profile and large ExB rotation shear. Simulations are performed with semi-empirical models for anomalous particle diffusion and pinch. The expression for anomalous pinch velocity derived here is in agreement with the principle of density profile consistency. Particle diffusion coefficient is completed with a shear correction describing the reduction of anomalous transport due to stabilising effects of low/negative magnetic shear and large ExB rotation shear. The models are applied to negative shear scenarios of DIII-D and optimised shear scenarios of JET. Shear effects on the particle and thermal ion transport are compared. C1 Univ Aix Marseille 1, LPIIM, Equipe Turbulence Plasma, Marseille, France. RRC Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. CEA, DRFC, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. PPPL, Princeton, NJ USA. LLPL, Livermore, CA USA. RP Voitsekhovitch, I (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille 1, LPIIM, Equipe Turbulence Plasma, Marseille, France. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST PHYSICS ACAD SCI CZECH REPUBLIC PI PRAGUE PA NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 182 21, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 1999 VL 49 SU 3 BP 41 EP 54 PG 14 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA V3295 UT WOS:000173245900007 ER PT J AU Paulus, W Kratz, JV Strub, E Zauner, S Bruchle, W Pershina, V Schadel, M Schausten, B Adams, JL Gregorich, KE Hoffman, DC Laue, C Lee, DM McGrath, CA Shaughnessy, DK Strellis, DA Sylwester, ER AF Paulus, W Kratz, JV Strub, E Zauner, S Bruchle, W Pershina, V Schadel, M Schausten, B Adams, JL Gregorich, KE Hoffman, DC Laue, C Lee, DM McGrath, CA Shaughnessy, DK Strellis, DA Sylwester, ER TI Extraction of the fluoride-, chloride-, and bromide complexes of the elements Nb, Ta, Pa, and 105 into aliphatic amines SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Radiochemical Conference CY APR 19-24, 1998 CL JACHYMOV, CZECH REPUBLIC ID CHEMICAL-PROPERTIES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; CHEMISTRY; HCL AB Previous studies of the halide complex formation of element 105 in HCl/HF mixtures and extractions into triisooctyl amine (TIOA) had been performed with the Automated Rapid Chemistry Apparatus, ARCA II. Element 105 was shown to be sorbed on the column from 12 M HCl/0.02 M HF together with its lighter homologues Nh, Ta and the pseudohomologue Pa. In elutions with 10 M HCl/0.025 M HF, 4 M HCl/0.02 M HF, and 0.5 M HCl/0.01 NI HF, the extraction sequence Ta>Nb>105>Pa was observed and element 105 behaved very differently from its closest homologue Ta. As it is not possible within reasonable effort to model the many presumably mixed fluoride-chloride complexes involved in these studies, theoretical calculations were performed in the pure chloride system predicting a reversed sequence of extraction. To verify this experimentally, and in order to perform a systematic study of halide complexation of the group 5 elements, new batch extraction experiments for Nb, Ta, and Pa were performed with the quaternary ammonium salt Aliquat 336 in pure HF, HCl, and HBr solutions. Based an these results, new chromatographic column separations were elaborated to study separately the fluoride and chloride complexation of element 105 with ARCA II. In the system Aliquat 336/HF, after feeding of the activity onto the column in 0.5 M HF, element 105 did not elute in 4 M HF (Pa fraction) but showed a higher distribution coefficient close to that of Nb (and Ta). In the system Aliquat 336/HCl, after feeding onto the column in. 10 M HCl, element 105 showed a distribution coefficient in 6 M HCl close to that of Nb establishing an extraction sequence Pa>Nb greater than or equal to 105>Ta which is theoretically predicted by considering the competition between hydrolysis and complex formation. C1 Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Gesell Schwerionenforsch GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Paulus, W (reprint author), Univ Mainz, Inst Kernchem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RI McGrath, Christopher/E-8995-2013; Strub, Erik/N-1308-2015 OI Strub, Erik/0000-0002-4136-2871 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU CZECHOSLOVAK JNL OF PHYSICS PI PRAGUE PA FYZIKALNI USTAV AV NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 180 40, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 1999 VL 49 SU 1 BP 573 EP 579 DI 10.1007/s10582-999-1035-y PN 2 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 205WL UT WOS:000080843500002 ER PT J AU Knapp, FF Beets, AL Mirzadeh, S Alexander, CW Hobbs, RL AF Knapp, FF Beets, AL Mirzadeh, S Alexander, CW Hobbs, RL TI Production of medical radioisotopes in the ORNL High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) for cancer treatment and arterial restenosis therapy after PTCA SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Radiochemical Conference CY APR 19-24, 1998 CL JACHYMOV, CZECH REPUBLIC ID GENERATOR SYSTEMS; W-188 AB The High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) represents an important resource for the production of a wide variety of medical radioisotopes. First beginning operation in 1965, the high thermal neutron flux (2.5 x 10(15) neutrons/cm(2)/sec at 85 MW) and versatile target irradiation and handling facilities provide the opportunity for production of a wide variety of neutron-rich medical radioisotopes of current interest for therapy. In addition to serving as a key production site for californium-252 and other transuranic elements, important examples of therapeutic radioisotopes which are currently routinely produced in the HFIR for distribution include dysprosium - 166 (parent of holmium - 166), rhenium-186, tin-117m and tungsten - 188 (parent of rhenium - 188). The nine hydraulic tube (HT) positions in the central high flux region permit the insertion and removal of targets at any time during the operating cycle (22-24 days) and have traditionally represented a major site for production of medical radioisotopes. To increase the irradiation capabilities of the HFIR, special target holders have recently been designed and fabricated which will be installed in the six Peripheral Target Positions (PTP), which are also located in the high flux region. These positions are only accessible during reactor refueling and will be used for long-term irradiations, such as required for the production of tin - 117m and tungsten - 188. Each of the PTP tubes will be capable of housing a maximum of eight HT targets, thus increasing the total maximum number of HT targets from the current nine, to a total of 57. In this paper the therapeutic use of reactor-produced radioisotopes for bone pain palliation and vascular brachytherapy and the therapeutic medical radioisotope production capabilities of the ORNL HFIR are briefly discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Nucl Med Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Res Reactors Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Knapp, FF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Nucl Med Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CZECHOSLOVAK JNL OF PHYSICS PI PRAGUE PA FYZIKALNI USTAV AV NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 180 40, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 1999 VL 49 SU 1 BP 799 EP 809 DI 10.1007/s10582-999-1065-5 PN 2 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 205WL UT WOS:000080843500032 ER PT J AU Todd, TA Brewer, KN Law, JD Wood, DJ Herbst, RS Romanovskiy, VN Esimantovskiy, VM Smirnov, IV Babain, VA AF Todd, TA Brewer, KN Law, JD Wood, DJ Herbst, RS Romanovskiy, VN Esimantovskiy, VM Smirnov, IV Babain, VA TI Development of a universal solvent for the decontamination of acidic liquid radioactive wastes SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Radiochemical Conference CY APR 19-24, 1998 CL JACHYMOV, CZECH REPUBLIC AB A tertiary solvent containing chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide, polyethylene glycol and diphenylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide was evaluated in different non-nitroaromatic diluents for the separation of cesium, strontium, actinides and rare earth elements from acidic liquid radioactive waste. Decontamination factors of >95% for Cs, 99.7% for Sr, and 99.99% for actinides were achieved in four successive batch contacts using actual radioactive waste. Pilot plant testing in centrifugal contactors using simulated wastes, has demonstrated removal of >99% of all targeted ions. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. VG Khlopin Radium Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Todd, TA (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CZECHOSLOVAK JNL OF PHYSICS PI PRAGUE PA FYZIKALNI USTAV AV NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 180 40, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 1999 VL 49 SU 1 BP 931 EP 936 DI 10.1007/s10582-999-1020-5 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 205WL UT WOS:000080843500053 ER PT J AU Brewer, KN Todd, TA Wood, DJ Tullock, PA Sebesta, F John, J Motl, A AF Brewer, KN Todd, TA Wood, DJ Tullock, PA Sebesta, F John, J Motl, A TI AMP-PAN column tests for the removal of Cs-137 from actual and simulated INEEL high-activity wastes SO CZECHOSLOVAK JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Radiochemical Conference CY APR 19-24, 1998 CL JACHYMOV, CZECH REPUBLIC AB The cesium inorganicion exchange material, ammonium molybdophasphate (AMP)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite, was recently tested at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Small-scale tests using a column having a bed volume of 1.5 mL were performed in a shielded hot cell with actual INEEL high-activity waste. Tests were also performed with an identical column using simulated INEEL waste spiked with Cs-137. These results show AMP-PAN to be very effective in removing Cs-137 from ICPP acidic waste. A cesium decontamination factor of >3000 was achieved in the actual waste test. Tests with actual waste and simulant indicate the AMP-PAN composite to be regenerable and have a large capacity for cesium. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. Czech Tech Univ, CZ-11519 Prague 1, Czech Republic. RP Brewer, KN (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RI John, Jan/E-1143-2012 OI John, Jan/0000-0002-5617-9017 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU CZECHOSLOVAK JNL OF PHYSICS PI PRAGUE PA FYZIKALNI USTAV AV NA SLOVANCE 2, PRAGUE 180 40, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0011-4626 J9 CZECH J PHYS JI Czech. J. Phys. PY 1999 VL 49 SU 1 BP 959 EP 964 DI 10.1007/s10582-999-1024-1 PN 2 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 205WL UT WOS:000080843500057 ER PT S AU Farrar, CR Duffey, TA AF Farrar, CR Duffey, TA BE Gilchrist, MD DulieuBarton, JM Worden, K TI Vibration-based damage detection in rotating machinery SO DAMAS 99: DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF STRUCTURES SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures (DAMAS 99) CY JUN 28-30, 1999 CL DUBLIN, IRELAND DE rotating machinery; damage detection; vibrations; statistical pattern recognition AB Damage detection as determined from changes in the vibration characteristics of a system has been a popular research topic for the last thirty years. Numerous damage identification algorithms have been proposed for detecting and locating damage in structural and mechanical systems. To date, these damage-detection methods have shown mixed results. A particular application of vibration-based damage detection that has perhaps enjoyed the greatest success is that of damage detection in rotating machinery. This paper summarizes the state of technology in vibration-based damage detection applied to rotating machinery. The review interprets the damage detection process in terms of a statistical pattern recognition paradigm that encompasses all vibration-based damage detection methods and applications. The motivation for the study reported herein is to identify the reasons that vibration-based damage detection has been successfully applied to rotating machinery, but has yet to show robust applications to civil engineering infrastructure. The paper concludes by comparing and contrasting the vibration-based damage detection applied to rotating machinery with large civil engineering infrastructure applications. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp ESA EA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Farrar, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp ESA EA, MS P-946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Farrar, Charles/C-6954-2012 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-839-7 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 1999 VL 167-1 BP 224 EP 235 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Materials Science; Physics GA BN65P UT WOS:000082483600022 ER PT B AU Kolb, EW Chung, DJH Riotto, A AF Kolb, EW Chung, DJH Riotto, A BE KlapdorKleingrothaus, HV Baudis, L TI Wimpzillas! SO DARK MATTER IN ASTROPHYSICS AND PARTICLE PHYSICS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Dark Matter in Astrophysics and Particle Physics CY JUL 20-25, 1998 CL HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Max Planck Gesell ID ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS; PARTICLE-PRODUCTION; UNIVERSE; INFLATION; DECAY; BARYOGENESIS; GRAVITINO; COSMOLOGY AB There are many reasons to believe the present mass density of the universe is dominated by a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP), a fossil relic of the early universe. Theoretical ideas and experimental efforts have focused mostly on production,on and detection of thermal relies, with mass typically in the range a few GeV to a hundred GeV. Here, I will review scenarios for production of nonthermal dark matter. Since the masses of the nonthermal WIMPS are in the range 10(12) to 10(16) GeV, much larger than the mass of thermal wimpy WIMPS, they may be referred to as WIMPZILLAS. In searches for dark matter it may be well to remember that "size does matter." C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kolb, EW (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0634-3 PY 1999 BP 592 EP 614 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BN70E UT WOS:000082637700039 ER PT J AU Bohm, E Morrison, JM Manghnani, V Kim, HS Flagg, CN AF Bohm, E Morrison, JM Manghnani, V Kim, HS Flagg, CN TI The Ras al Hadd Jet: Remotely sensed and acoustic Doppler current profiler observations in 1994-1995 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB The existence of a surface barotropic front-jet system at the confluence region off the eastern tip of Oman (Ras Al Hadd or RAH) is documented for 1994-1995 through advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) observations. The thermal signature of this confluence is visible in 1995 between early May and the end of October, i.e., throughout the SW Monsoon and into the transition period between SW and NE Monsoons. The thermal characteristics are those of a NE-oriented front between cooler water of southern (upwelled) origin and warmer waters of northern Gulf of Oman origin. During the period when the thermal front is absent, ADCP data suggest that the confluence takes a more southward direction with Gulf of Oman waters passing RAH into the southeastern Oman coastal region. The thermal gradient is initially small (June-July) but later increases (August-October) into a front that exhibits small-scale instabilities. Surface current velocities within the jet, estimated by tracking these features in consecutive satellite images, are 0.5-0.7 m s(-1) and in remarkable agreement with concurrent ADCP retrievals in which the seasonal maximum in velocity is 1 m s(-1). ADCP observations collected during several US JGOFS cruises reveal a weakly baroclinic current in the confluence region that drives the waters into the offshore system. The fully developed jet describes a large meander that demarcates two counter-rotating eddies (cyclonic to the north and anticyclonic to the south of the jet) of approximately 150-200 km diameter. The southern eddy of this pair is resolved by the seasonally averaged, sea-level anomaly derived from TOPEX/Poseidon observations. During the SW Monsoon, the RAH Jet advects primarily cold waters along its path, but as soon as the wind system reverses with the transition to the intermonsoonal period, a warm current is rapidly established that advects the surface coastal waters of the Gulf of Oman offshore. In accordance with the interannual variation of the wind forcing phase, the reversal of the currents from NE to SW occurred earlier in 1994 than in 1995, confirming that the RAH Jet is integral part of the East Arabian Current. The transport of the Jet, estimated by combining SST information on the width with ADCP data on the velocity's vertical structure, is found to fluctuate between 2-8 x 10(6) m(3) s(-1) and its thickness between 150-400 m. These significant fluctuations are due to the time-variable partition of horizontal transport between eddies and the RAH Jet and are potentially important to the nutrient and phytoplankton budgets of the Arabian Sea. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CNR, Ist Fis Atmosfera, I-00133 Rome, Italy. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bohm, E (reprint author), CNR, Ist Fis Atmosfera, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. OI Bohm, Emanuele/0000-0001-8143-1651 NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 1999 VL 46 IS 8-9 BP 1531 EP 1549 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00034-X PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 222JK UT WOS:000081781000001 ER PT J AU Morrison, JM Codispoti, LA Smith, SL Wishner, K Flagg, C Gardner, WD Gaurin, S Naqvi, SWA Manghnani, V Prosperie, L Gundersen, JS AF Morrison, JM Codispoti, LA Smith, SL Wishner, K Flagg, C Gardner, WD Gaurin, S Naqvi, SWA Manghnani, V Prosperie, L Gundersen, JS TI The oxygen minimum zone in the Arabian Sea during 1995 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SOUTH-PACIFIC; DENITRIFICATION; CIRCULATION; ZOOPLANKTON; SEAMOUNT; ECOLOGY; DEEP AB This paper focuses on the characteristics of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) as observed in the Arabian Sea over the complete monsoon cycle of 1995, Dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate and density values are used to delineate the OMZ, as well as identify regions where denitrification is observed. The suboxic conditions within the northern Arabian Sea are documented, as well as biological and chemical consequences of this phenomenon. Overall, the conditions found in the suboxic portion of the water column in the Arabian Sea were not greatly different from what has been reported in the literature with respect to oxygen, nitrate and nitrite distributions. Within the main thermocline, portions of the OMZ were found that were suboxic (oxygen less than similar to 4.5 mu M) and contained secondary nitrite maxima with concentrations that sometimes exceeded 6.0 mu M, suggesting active nitrate reduction and denitrification. Although there may have been a reduction in the degree of suboxia during the Southwest monsoon, a dramatic seasonality was not observed, as has been suggested by some previous work. In particular, there was not much evidence for the occurrence of secondary nitrite maxima in waters with oxygen concentrations greater than 4.5 mu M. Waters in the northern Arabian Sea appear to accumulate larger nitrate deficits due to longer residence times even though the denitrification rate might be lower. as evident in the reduced nitrite concentrations in the northern part of the basin. Organism distributions showed string relationships to the oxygen profiles, especially in locations where the OMZ was pronounced, but the biological responses to the OMZ varied with type of organism. The regional extent of intermediate nepheloid layers in our data corresponds well with the region of the secondary nitrite maximum. This is a region of denitrification, and the presence and activities of bacteria are assumed to cause the increase in particles. ADCP acoustic backscatter measurements show diel vertical migration of plankton or nekton and movement into the OMZ. Daytime acoustic returns from depth were strong, and the dawn sinking and dusk rise of the fauna were obvious. However, at night the biomass remaining in the suboxic zone was so low that no ADCP signal was detectable at these depths. There are at least two groups of organisms, one that stays in the upper mixed layer and another that makes daily excursions. A subsurface zooplankton peak in the lower OMZ (near the lower 4.5 mu M oxycline) was also typically present; these animals occurred day and night and did not vertically migrate. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Oceanog & Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Natl Inst Oceanog, Panaji 403004, Goa, India. RP Morrison, JM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM john_morrison@ncsu.edu RI Gardner, Wilford/E-2579-2012 NR 48 TC 151 Z9 163 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 1999 VL 46 IS 8-9 BP 1903 EP 1931 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00048-X PG 29 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 222JK UT WOS:000081781000015 ER PT J AU Thibault, D Roy, S Wong, CS Bishop, JK AF Thibault, D Roy, S Wong, CS Bishop, JK TI The downward flux of biogenic material in the NE subarctic Pacific: importance of algal sinking and mesozooplankton herbivory SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; LARGE CALANOID COPEPODS; FECAL PELLETS; DIGESTIVE ACCLIMATION; NEOCALANUS-PLUMCHRUS; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; PIGMENT COMPOSITION; FEEDING HISTORY; INGESTION RATE; WATER COLUMN AB In the present study we examine factors that affect the downward flux of biogenic carbon in the NE subarctic Pacific, one of the important high-nutrient-low-chlorophyll (HNLC) regions in the open ocean. We focus on the role of mesozooplankton, since their seasonal peaks in biomass and growth are in phase with the seasonal variations in the downward POC fluxes, whereas phytoplankton biomass is more-or-less uniform year-round. The relative importance of mesozooplankton and algal sinking was examined using the pigment composition of material accumulated in short-term free-drifting sediment traps positioned just below the upper stratified surface layer (ca. 100-200 m). This was compared with the phytoplankton composition in the surface waters, and with the grazing activity (gut pigments and fecal pellet production rates) of the most abundant large copepods. We also examined whether the relationships between the downward flux of carbon and pelagic processes were similar in the coastal, continental margin and offshore HNLC regions of the NE subarctic Pacific, the latter represented by Ocean Station Papa (OSP). Our results show that grazing had a variable impact on the downward flux of biogenic carbon. Carbon-transformed pheopigments (particularly pyropheophorbide a, frequently associated with copepod grazing) represented up to 13% of the total downward POC Bur inshore (in May 1996) and 8-9% at OSP in May and February 1996, respectively. This Bur of pheopigments was accompanied by a large potential input of fecal pellets from large copepods (as estimated from defecation rates of freshly collected animals) only in May 1996 at OSP, suggesting that pheopigments came from other sources (other herbivores, senescing algae) in February. The larger flux of pheopigments in May was probably related to the abundance of mesozooplankton at that time of the year. During summer (August 1996), both the flux of pheopigments and the potential input of fecal pellets from large copepods were negligible at OSP, consistent with more intense pelagic recycling reported in other studies. Inshore, the flux of carbon-transformed pheopigments was slightly higher than at OSP, and its contribution to the downward POC flux in May 1996 was twice that in August 1996. In contrast, the potential input of feces carbon was higher in August than in May 1996, again suggesting other sources for pheopigments found in the traps. The contribution of sinking phytoplankton to the downward biogenic flux was negligible in summer, when prymnesiophytes (indicated by the presence of 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin) and pelagophytes (19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin-containing) dominated in surface offshore waters. The contribution of sinking algae was maximal (9%) in winter (February 1996) at OSP, when fucoxanthin (mainly a diatom marker) dominated the carotenoid composition in the traps and when the abundance of diatoms in surface waters showed its seasonal maximum for this station. Inshore, the low contribution of diatoms (Fucoxanthin) to the sinking fluxes may have resulted from inadequate sampling (i.e. the spring bloom may have been missed). Overall, we conclude that: (a) large copepods significantly influenced the downward POC flux only during spring at OSP; (b) unidentified herbivores (e.g. salps, pteropods) producing pigmented, fast-sinking fecal material likely had an important impact during winter; (c) algal sinking made a small contribution to the downward POC Bur (maximum in winter); and (d) neither algal sinking nor mesozooplankton grazing had a significant influence on the downward flux of biogenic material in summer at OSP. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Natl Rech Sci Oceanol, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. Fisheries Oceans Canada Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Inst Natl Rech Sci Oceanol, 310 Allee Ursulines, Rimouski, PQ G5L 3A1, Canada. EM suzann_roy@uqar.uquebec.ca NR 71 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 5 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 1999 VL 46 IS 11-12 BP 2669 EP 2697 DI 10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00080-6 PG 29 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 248PM UT WOS:000083284100015 ER PT J AU Bishop, JKB Calvert, SE Soon, MYS AF Bishop, JKB Calvert, SE Soon, MYS TI Spatial and temporal variability of POC in the northeast Subarctic Pacific SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER; WARM-CORE RING; ATLANTIC OCEAN; FLUX; SEA AB Particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations from 0 to 1000 m were quantified in size-fractionated particulate matter samples obtained by the multiple unit large volume in situ filtration system (MULVFS) in 1996 and 1997 along the 1600 km long "line P" transect from continental slope waters near southern Vancouver Island to Ocean Station PAPA (OSP, 50 degrees N, 145 degrees W). Regression of in situ POC vs. beam attenuation coefficient, c, from a simultaneously deployed l-m pathlength SeaTech transmissometer gave slope, intercept and r(2) values of 6.15 +/- 0.19 x 10(-5) m(-1) (nmol C l(-1))(-1), 0.363 +/- 0.003 m(-1), and 0.951 (n = 145), respectively. This result agreed within several percent of calibrations obtained from two 2600-km-long transects of the equatorial Pacific in 1992 (Bishop, 1999). Data from other, more frequently deployed transmissometers were standardized against the 1-m instrument, and the combined optical data set was used to document POC variability at finer spatial and temporal scales than could be sampled directly using either conventional water bottle casts or MULVFS. Published bottle POC vs. c relationships show much more variability and remain problematic. Along the line P transect in the salinity-stratified upper 100 m, POC isolines shoaled from winter to summer in concert with seasonal stratification. At the same time, POC was progressively enriched in subeuphotic zone waters to depths greater than 500 m. Near-surface POC fields sampled in the winter time showed strong temporal POC variability over time scales of days as well as between years. POC concentrations at OSP in February 1996 were higher than those found at any other time of year. Less variability was found along line P in other seasons. In May 1996, kilometer-scale spatial variability of POC at OSP was small; dawn vs. dusk variations of c were used to calculate 0-100 m POC turnover times shorter than 6 d. Calculations also suggest that 25-50% of primary productivity was expressed as dissolved organic carbon at OSP in May 1996. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Bishop, JKB (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd M-S 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 44 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 1999 VL 46 IS 11-12 BP 2699 EP 2733 PG 35 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 248PM UT WOS:000083284100016 ER PT S AU Griffiths, SK Hruby, JM Ting, A AF Griffiths, SK Hruby, JM Ting, A BE Courtois, B Crary, SB Ehrfeld, W Fujita, H Karam, JM Markus, K TI Optimum doses and mask thickness for synchrotron exposure of PMMA resists SO DESIGN, TEST, AND MICROFABRICATION OF MEMS AND MOEMS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design, Test, and Microfabrication of MEMS and MOEMS CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1999 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP SPIE, CNRS, INPG, UIF, France, IEEE Comp Soc Test Technol Tech Comm DE LIGA; PMMA; exposure; synchrotron; tolerance; mask AB Minimizing mask absorber thickness is an important practical concern in producing very small features by the LIGA process. To assist in this minimization, we have developed coupled numerical models describing both the exposure and subsequent development of a thick PMMA resist. The exposure model addresses multi-wavelength, one-dimensional x-ray transmission through multiple beam filters, through the mask substrate and absorber, and the subsequent attenuation and photon absorption in the PMMA target. The development model describes one-dimensional dissolution of a feature and its sidewalls, taking into account the variation in absorbed dose through the PMMA thickness. These exposure and development models are coupled in a single interactive code, permitting the automated adjustment of mask absorber thickness to yield a prescribed sidewall taper or dissolution distance. We have used this tool to compute the minimum required absorber thickness for exposures performed at the ALS, SSRL and NSLS synchrotron sources. Results are presented as a function of the absorbed dose for a range of the prescribed sidewall tolerance, feature size, PMMA thickness, mask substrate thickness and the development temperature. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Griffiths, SK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3154-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3680 BP 498 EP 507 DI 10.1117/12.341239 PN 1&2 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN52D UT WOS:000082111700055 ER PT S AU Martin, PM Matson, DW Bennett, WD Stewart, DC Lin, YH AF Martin, PM Matson, DW Bennett, WD Stewart, DC Lin, YH BE Courtois, B Crary, SB Ehrfeld, W Fujita, H Karam, JM Markus, K TI Laser micromachined and laminated microfluidic components for miniaturized thermal, chemical and biological systems SO DESIGN, TEST, AND MICROFABRICATION OF MEMS AND MOEMS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design, Test, and Microfabrication of MEMS and MOEMS CY MAR 30-APR 01, 1999 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP SPIE, CNRS, INPG, UIF, France, IEEE Comp Soc Test Technol Tech Comm DE micromachine; microchannel; microfluidic; laminate; plastics; metals AB Microchannel microfluidic components are being developed for heat transfer, chemical reactor, chemical analysis, and biological analytical applications. Specific applications include chemical sensing, DNA replication, blood analysis, capillary electrophoresis, fuel cell reactors, high temperature chemical reactors, heat pumps, combustors, and fuel processors. Two general types of component architectures have been developed and the fabrication processes defined. All involve a lamination scheme using plastic, ceramic, or metal laminates, as opposed to planar components. The first type is a stacked architecture that utilizes functionality built in each layer, with fluid now interconnects between layers. Each layer of the laminate has specific microchannel geometry, and performs a specific function (such as mixing, heat exchange, or chemical reaction). Polymeric materials are used primarily. Fabrication processes used are laser micromachining, wet and dry etching, and coating deposition. The laminates can also be micromolded plastics. The second architecture employs laminates to form internal microchannels and interconnects. Materials include ceramic tapes and high temperature metals. Catalysts can be placed in the microchannels. Fabrication processes used are diffusion bonding, ceramic bonding and firing, photochemical etching, and electrochemical micromachining. Bonding, thus sealing, the laminates is an important issue. Process conditions have been developed to reduce distortion of the laminates and to hermetically seal the components. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Martin, PM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS K3-59, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lin, Yuehe/D-9762-2011 OI Lin, Yuehe/0000-0003-3791-7587 NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3154-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3680 BP 826 EP 833 DI 10.1117/12.341279 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BN52D UT WOS:000082111700091 ER PT S AU Webb, SW Pruess, K Phelan, JM Finsterle, SA AF Webb, SW Pruess, K Phelan, JM Finsterle, SA BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Development of a mechanistic model for the movement of chemical signatures from buried landmines/UXO SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE mine detection; UXO detection; chemical transport; computational simulation ID BEHAVIOR ASSESSMENT MODEL; TRACE ORGANICS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; SOIL; SORPTION; SURFACE AB The detection and removal of buried landmines and unexploded ordnance (UXO) is one of the most important problems facing the world today. Numerous detection strategies are being developed, including infrared, electrical conductivity, ground-penetrating radar, and chemical sensors. Chemical sensors rely on the detection of explosive chemical molecules, which are transported from buried UXO/landmines by advection and diffusion in the soil. As part of this effort, numerical models are being developed to predict explosive chemical signature transport in soils. Modifications have been made to TOUGH2, a general-purpose porous media flow simulator, for application to the chemical sensing problem resulting in the T2TNT code. Understanding the fate and transport of explosive signature compounds in the soil will affect the design, performance, timing and operation of chemical sensing campaigns by indicating preferred sensing strategies. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Webb, SW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Finsterle, Stefan/A-8360-2009 OI Finsterle, Stefan/0000-0002-4446-9906 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 270 EP 282 DI 10.1117/12.357048 PN 1&2 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300027 ER PT S AU Chambers, W Phelan, J Rodacy, P Reber, S Woodfin, R AF Chambers, W Phelan, J Rodacy, P Reber, S Woodfin, R BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Explosive ordnance detection in land and water environments with solid phase extraction/ion mobility spectrometry SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE TNT; landmine; UXO; IMS; defection AB The qualitative and quantitative determination of nitroaromatic compounds such as trinitrotoluene (TNT) and dinitrotoluene (DNT) in water and soil has applications to environmental remediation and the detection of buried military ordnance. Recent results of laboratory and field tests have shown that trace level concentrations of these compounds can be detected in water, soil, and soil gas samples taken from the vicinity of submerged or buried ordnance using specialized sampling and signal enhancement techniques. Solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) methods have been combined with Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) to provide rapid, sub-parts-per-billion analysis of these compounds. In this paper, we will describe the development and construction of prototype field samplers for the in-situ analysis of water, soil, and soil gas. These sampling systems, when combined with field-portable IMS, are being developed as a means of classifying buried or submerged objects as explosive ordnance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Chambers, W (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 290 EP 298 DI 10.1117/12.357050 PN 1&2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300029 ER PT S AU Datskos, PG AF Datskos, PG BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Chemical detection based on adsorption-induced and photo-induced stresses in MEMS devices SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE MEMS; photo-induced stress; electron-hole pairs; adsorption-induced stress; resonance frequency; bimaterial bending ID MICROCANTILEVERS; SENSORS; RESOLUTION AB Recently there has been an increasing demand to perform real-time in-situ chemical detection of hazardous materials, contraband chemicals, and explosive chemicals. Currently, real-time chemical detection requires rather large analytical instrumentation that are expensive and complicated to use. The advent of inexpensive mass produced MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) devices opened-up new possibilities for chemical detection. For example, microcantilevers were found to respond to chemical stimuli by undergoing changes in their bending and resonance frequency even when a small number of molecules adsorb on their surface. In our present studies we extended this concept by studying changes in both the adsorption-induced stress and photo-induced stress as target chemicals adsorb on the surface of microcantilevers. For example, microcantilevers that have adsorbed molecules will undergo photo-induced bending that depends on the number of absorbed molecules on the surface. However, microcantilevers that have undergone photo-induced bending will adsorb differently molecules on their surfaces. Depending on the photon wavelength and microcantilever material, the microcantilever can be made to bend by expanding or contracting. This is Important in cases where the photo-induced stresses can be used to counter any adsorption-induced stresses and increase the dynamic range. Coating the surface of the microstructure with a different material can provide chemical specificity for the target chemicals. However, by selecting appropriate photon wavelengths we can change the chemical selectivity due to the introduction of new surface states in the MEMS device. We will present and discuss our results on the use of adsorption-induced and photo-induced bending of microcantilevers for chemical detection. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Datskos, PG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 344 EP 355 DI 10.1117/12.357057 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300036 ER PT S AU Rajic, S Datskos, PG Datskou, I Marlar, TA AF Rajic, S Datskos, PG Datskou, I Marlar, TA BE Dubey, AC Harvey, JF Broach, JT Dugan, RE TI Ultra-responsive thermal sensors for the detection of explosives using Calorimetric Spectroscopy (CalSpec) SO DETECTION AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MINES AND MINELIKE TARGETS IV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV Conference CY APR 05-09, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE calorimetric spectroscopy; thermo-mechanical; bi-material; penta-lever ID MICROCANTILEVERS AB We have developed a novel chemical detection technique based on infrared micro-calorimetric spectroscopy that can be used to identify the presence of trace amounts of very low vapor pressure target compounds. Unlike numerous recently developed low-cost sensor approaches, the selectivity is derived from the unique differential temperature spectrum and does not require the questionable reliability of highly selective coatings to achieve the required specificity. This is accomplished by obtaining the infrared micro-calorimetric absorption spectrum of a small number of molecules absorbed on the surface of a thermal detector after illumination through a scanning monochromator. We have obtained infrared micro-calorimetric spectra for explosives such as TNT over the wavelength region 2.5 to 14.5 mu m. Thus both sophisticated and relatively crude explosives compounds and components are detectable with this technique due to the recent development of ultra sensitive thermal-mechanical microstructures. In addition to the above mentioned spectroscopy technique and associated data, the development of these advanced thermal detectors is also presented in detail. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rajic, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3184-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3710 BP 356 EP 361 DI 10.1117/12.357058 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BN59G UT WOS:000082322300037 ER PT S AU Westbrook, EM AF Westbrook, EM BE Fraser, GW Westbrook, EM Derbyshire, GE TI Performance characteristics needed for protein crystal diffraction X-ray detectors SO DETECTORS FOR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND DIFFRACTION STUDIES AT SYNCHROTRON SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detectors for Crystallography and Diffraction Studies at Synchrotron Sources CY JUL 19, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE X-ray detectors; area detectors; CCD detectors; image plate detectors; pixel array detectors; charge-coupled devices; crystallography; protein crystallography; synchrotron radiation ID MULTIWIRE AREA DETECTOR; CCD-BASED DETECTOR; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; ANOMALOUS DIFFRACTION; ENERGY RESPONSE AB During the 1990's, macromolecular crystallography became progressively more dependent on synchrotron X-ray sources for diffraction data collection. Detectors of this diffraction data at synchrotron beamlines have evolved over the decade, from film to image phosphor plates, and then to CCD systems. These changes have been driven by the data quality and quantity improvements each newer detector technology provided. The improvements have been significant. It is likely that newer detector technologies will be adopted at synchrotron beamlines for crystallographic diffraction data collection in the future, but these technologies will have to compete with existing CCD detector systems which are already excellent and are getting incrementally better in terms of size, speed, efficiency, and resolving power. Detector development for this application at synchrotrons must concentrate on making systems which are bigger and faster than CCDs and which can capture weak data more efficiently. And there is a need for excellent detectors which are less expensive than CCD systems. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Westbrook, EM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3260-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3774 BP 2 EP 16 DI 10.1117/12.367113 PG 15 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA BN95K UT WOS:000083637900001 ER PT S AU Datte, P Beche, JF Druillole, F Manfredi, PF Millaud, J Xuong, NH AF Datte, P Beche, JF Druillole, F Manfredi, PF Millaud, J Xuong, NH BE Fraser, GW Westbrook, EM Derbyshire, GE TI An overview of the DPAD detector for protein crystallography SO DETECTORS FOR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND DIFFRACTION STUDIES AT SYNCHROTRON SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detectors for Crystallography and Diffraction Studies at Synchrotron Sources CY JUL 19, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE crystallography; pixel detector; area detector; image sensor; Si detector AB A 2D photon counting digital pixel array detector (DPAD) is being designed for static and time resolved protein crystallography. This room temperature detector will significantly enhance monochromatic and polychromatic protein crystallographic throughput data rates by more than two to three orders of magnitude when compared to present data collection systems. The detector has an unbounded photon counting dynamic range and exhibits superior spatial resolution when compared to present crystallographic phosphor imaging plates or phosphor coupled CCD detectors. The detector is a high resistivity N-type Si with a pixel pitch of (150x150) microns, and a thickness of 300 microns that is bump bonded to an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The event driven readout of the detector is based on the column architecture and allows an independent pixel hit rate above 1 million photons/sec. The device provides energy discrimination and sparse data readout that yields minimal dead time. This type of architecture allows an almost continuous (frame-less) data acquisition, a feature not found in any current detector being used for protein crystallographic applications. For the targeted detector size of (1000x1000) pixels, average hit rates greater than 10(11) photons/sec for the complete detector appears achievable. This paper will present an overview of the hybridized detector performance which includes the analog amplifier response and the photon counting capabilities of the (16x16) array operating with both digital and analog circuitry. Also the operation of the serial interface will be described. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Datte, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3260-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3774 BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1117/12.367119 PG 13 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA BN95K UT WOS:000083637900002 ER PT S AU Naday, I Sanishvili, R Joachimiak, A Westbrook, EM Jorden, AR Loeffen, PW AF Naday, I Sanishvili, R Joachimiak, A Westbrook, EM Jorden, AR Loeffen, PW BE Fraser, GW Westbrook, EM Derbyshire, GE TI Operational experience of a large area x-ray camera for protein crystallography SO DETECTORS FOR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND DIFFRACTION STUDIES AT SYNCHROTRON SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Detectors for Crystallography and Diffraction Studies at Synchrotron Sources CY JUL 19, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE protein crystallography; CCD; position sensitive detector; APS; Oxford instruments AB After 3 years experience of operating very large area (210mm x210mm) CCD-based detectors at the Advanced Photon Source, operational experience is reported. Four such detectors have been built, two for Structural Biology Center (APS-1 and SBC-2), one for Basic Energy Sciences Synchrotron Radiation Center (Gold-2) at Argonne National Laboratory's Advanced Photon Source and one for Osaka University by Oxford instruments, for use at Spring 8 (PX-210). The detector is specifically designed as a high resolution and fast readout camera for macromolecular crystallography. Design trade-offs for speed and size are reviewed in light of operational experience and future requirements are considered. Operational data and examples of crystallography data are presented, together with plans for future development. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Naday, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3260-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3774 BP 66 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.367124 PG 8 WC Crystallography SC Crystallography GA BN95K UT WOS:000083637900007 ER PT S AU White, TA Roney, T Pink, RJ Noo, F Clackdoyle, R Smith, M Jones, WF AF White, TA Roney, T Pink, RJ Noo, F Clackdoyle, R Smith, M Jones, WF BE Bonse, U TI Comparison of fan- and cone-beam imaging capabilities on a portable x-ray imaging system SO DEVELOPMENTS IN X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Developments in X-Ray Tomography II CY JUL 22-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE computed tomography; fanbeam; spiral; conebeam; helical; amorphous silicon; Compton scatter AB Portable systems for x-ray imaging of objects up to 20-cm in diameter have been developed for field inspection of industrial objects. These systems can be configured with either a linear diode array (45-cm long, 1024-elements, 12-bits/element) or a large-area amorphous-silicon (a-Si) detector (30x40-cm(2), 2304x3200-elements, 12-bits/element). Each detector utilizes gadolinium oxysulfide as the scintillation element. X-rays are emitted from an 80 to 300-kVp constant-potential source with a spot size of similar to 1.6-mm. The object can be rotated and the source and detector translated vertically for collection of "spiral" fanbeam or "helical" conebeam computed-tomography (CT) data. For low-density objects, the reconstructed spatial resolution of CT data collected with either detector is about the same and the choice of detector is determined by detector parameters such as dynamic range and integration/readout time. For higher-density objects, which need to be imaged at higher energies and for which there is a higher probability of Compton scatter, the linear diode array produces better contrast images of small voids in a scattering medium. A series of experiments designed to test the performance of each detector with and without a scattering medium will be presented. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP White, TA (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3258-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3772 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1117/12.363715 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics GA BN88D UT WOS:000083314300014 ER PT S AU Dowd, BA Campbell, GH Marr, RB Nagarkar, V Tipnis, S Axe, L Siddons, DP AF Dowd, BA Campbell, GH Marr, RB Nagarkar, V Tipnis, S Axe, L Siddons, DP BE Bonse, U TI Developments in synchrotron x-ray computed microtomography at the National Synchrotron Light Source SO DEVELOPMENTS IN X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Developments in X-Ray Tomography II CY JUL 22-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE X-Ray microtomography; synchrotron; real-time; parallel processing; porous materials ID RADIATION; TOMOGRAPHY AB Last year, the X27A beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) became dedicated solely to X-Ray Computed Microtomography (XCMT). This is a third-generation instrument capable of producing tomographic volumes of 1-2 micron resolution over a 2-3mm field of view. Recent enhancements will be discussed. These have focussed on two issues: the desire for real-time data acquisition and processing and the need for highly monochromatic beam (.1 % energy bandpass). The latter will permit k-edge subtraction studies and will provide improved image contrast from below the Cr (6 keV) up to the Ca (36 keV) k-edge. A range of applications that benefit from these improvements will be discussed as well. These two goals are somewhat counterproductive, however; higher monochromaticity yields a lower flux forcing longer data acquisition times. To balance the two, a more efficient scintillator for X-ray conversion is being developed. Some testing of a prototype scintillator has been performed; preliminary results will be presented here. In the meantime, data reconstruction times have been reduced, and the entire tomographic acquisition, reconstruction and volume rendering process streamlined to make efficient use of synchrotron beam time. A Fast Filtered Back Transform (FFBT) reconstruction program recently developed helped to reduce the time to reconstruct a volume of 150 x 150 x 250 pixels(3) (over 5 minion voxels) from the raw camera data to 1.5 minutes on a dual R10,000 CPU. With these improvements, one can now obtain a "quick look" of a small tomographic volume (similar to 10(6) voxels) in just over 15 minutes from the start of data acquisition. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Dowd, BA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 25 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3258-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3772 BP 224 EP 236 DI 10.1117/12.363725 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics GA BN88D UT WOS:000083314300023 ER PT S AU Davis, AW Claytor, TN Sheats, MJ AF Davis, AW Claytor, TN Sheats, MJ BE Bonse, U TI High-speed data acquisition for three-dimensional x-ray and neutron computed tomography SO DEVELOPMENTS IN X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Developments in X-Ray Tomography II CY JUL 22-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE computed tomography; neutron radiography; amorphous silicon; x-ray; nondestructive evaluation AB Computed tomography for nondestructive evaluation applications has been limited by system cost, resolution, and time requirements for three-dimensional data sets. FlashCT (Flat panel Amorphous Silicon High-Resolution Computed Tomography) is a system developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory to address these three problems(1). Developed around flat panel amorphous silicon detector array, FlashCT is suitable for low to medium energy x-ray and neutron computed tomography at 127-micron resolution. Overall system size is small, allowing rapid transportation to a variety of radiographic sources. System control software was developed in LabVIEW for Windows NT to allow multithreading of data acquisition, data correction, and staging motor control. The system control software simplifies data collection and allows fully automated control of the data acquisition process, leading toward remote or unattended operation. The first generation of the FlashCT Data Acquisition System was completed in August 1998, and since that rime the system has been tested using x-ray sources ranging in energy from 60 kV to 20MV. The system has also been used to collect data for thermal neutron computed tomography at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center(LANSCE). System improvements have been proposed to provide faster data collection and greater dynamic range during data collection. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Davis, AW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS C914, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3258-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3772 BP 246 EP 255 DI 10.1117/12.363727 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics GA BN88D UT WOS:000083314300025 ER PT S AU Wang, YX De Carlo, F Foster, I Insley, J Kesselman, C Lane, P von Laszewski, G Mancini, D McNulty, I Su, MH Tieman, B AF Wang, YX De Carlo, F Foster, I Insley, J Kesselman, C Lane, P von Laszewski, G Mancini, D McNulty, I Su, MH Tieman, B BE Bonse, U TI A quasi-realtime x-ray microtomography system at the Advanced Photon Source SO DEVELOPMENTS IN X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Developments in X-Ray Tomography II CY JUL 22-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE realtime; x-ray microtomography; supercomputing; Globus; HDF; NeXus ID MICROSCOPY AB The combination of high-brilliance x-ray sources, fast detector systems, wide-bandwidth networks, and parallel computers can substantially reduce the time required to acquire, reconstruct, and visualize high-resolution three-dimensional-tomographic data sets. A quasi-realtime computed x-ray microtomography system has been implemented at the 2-BM beamline at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. With this system, a complete tomographic data set can be collected in about 15 minutes. Immediately after each projection is obtained, it is rapidly transferred to the Mathematics and Computing Sciences Division where preprocessing and reconstruction calculations are performed concurrently with the data acquisition by a SGI parallel computer. The reconstruction results, once completed, are transferred to a visualization computer that performs the volume rendering calculations. Rendered images of the reconstructed data are available for viewing back at the beamline experiment station minutes after the data acquisition was complete. The fully pipelined data acquisition and reconstruction system also gives us the option to acquire the tomographic data set in several cycles, initially with coarse then with fine angular steps. At present the projections are acquired with a straight-ray projection imaging scheme using 5-20 keV hard x rays in either phase or amplitude contrast mode at a 1-10 mu m resolution. In the future, we expect to increase the resolution of the projections to below 100 nm by using a focused x-ray beam at the 2-ID-B beamline and to reduce the combined acquisition and computation time to the 1 min scale with improvements in the detectors, network links, software pipeline, and computation algorithms. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, YX (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Kesselman, Carl/0000-0003-0917-1562 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3258-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3772 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1117/12.363735 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics SC Engineering; Medical Laboratory Technology; Optics GA BN88D UT WOS:000083314300032 ER PT J AU Menon, PM Edwards, A Feigerle, CS Shaw, RW Coffey, DW Heatherly, L Clausing, RE Robinson, L Glasgow, DC AF Menon, PM Edwards, A Feigerle, CS Shaw, RW Coffey, DW Heatherly, L Clausing, RE Robinson, L Glasgow, DC TI Filament metal contamination and Raman spectra of hot filament chemical vapor deposited diamond films SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE chemical vapor deposited diamond films; filament metal contamination; Raman spectra ID LOW-TEMPERATURES; GROWTH; TUNGSTEN; HYDROGEN; IMPURITIES; OXYGEN; CVD AB Chemical vapor deposited diamond films grown in a hot filament reactor using three filament metals (tungsten, tantalum, and rhenium) have been analyzed for their metal impurity content. This is the first report wherein all three common CVD filament metals have been examined and a single technique used for diamond film analysis. Tungsten carbide filaments yielded the lowest impurity level (few ppm by mass), whereas rhenium yielded the highest (parts per thousand). The effects of filament temperature and addition of ammonia or oxygen to the reactant gas mixture were examined. A correlation was observed between the metal content of the product films and their quality, as judged using Raman spectroscopy. Films with the highest metal content yielded Raman spectra showing the lowest fluorescence background, the smallest sp(2) carbon contribution, and the narrowest 1332 cm(-1) diamond line. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Shaw, RW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 8 IS 1 BP 101 EP 109 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 174KE UT WOS:000079033700015 ER PT S AU Modine, FA Boatner, LA Bartkowiak, M Mahan, GD Wang, H Dinwiddie, RB AF Modine, FA Boatner, LA Bartkowiak, M Mahan, GD Wang, H Dinwiddie, RB BE Nair, KM Bhalla, AS TI Influence of ceramic microstructure on varistor electrical properties SO DIELECTRIC CERAMIC MATERIALS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc ID CURRENT-VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS; ZNO VARISTORS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; ARRESTERS; CAPABILITY; BREAKDOWN; JUNCTIONS; FAILURE AB Recent theoretical modeling together with experimental measurements using infrared imaging provide an improved understanding of the electrical behavior of zinc oxide varistors in terms of their ceramic microstructure. The ceramic microstructure of varistors forms a random electrical network of grain-boundary microjunctions that are of three distinct types: high nonlinearity "good", low nonlinearity "bad", or linear "ohmic". The mixture of these microjunction types determines the breakdown voltage, nonlinearity, and the sharpness of the switching characteristic of a varistor. Most varistors contain a high percentage of "bad" and "ohmic" microjunctions, but varistors with good properties have predominately "good" microjunctions. Moreover, it is possible to obtain even better characteristics by fabricating varistors with essentially all "good" junctions. The current flow in varistor ceramics is nonuniform. Either microstructural disorder or macroscopic inhomogeneities can combine with high electrical nonlinearity and cause the current to localize along narrow conduction paths. Microstructural disorder is the principal cause of current localization in small varistors, but processing-induced inhomogeneity on a macroscopic scale is the primary cause in large varistors. The current localization causes non-uniform Joule heating which promotes varistor failure. Although the current can localize on the scale of the grain size, the heat transfer on this microscopic scale is too fast to permit temperature differences sufficient to cause failure. Varistor failures are mostly caused by non-uniform heating on a macroscopic scale, and such failures are more prevalent in large blocks because it is difficult to obtain uniformity in large blocks by ceramic processing. Thermo-mechanical modeling of the temperature and stress in varistors due to localized currents identifies puncture, cracking, or thermal runaway as the dominant failure mode, depending on operating conditions. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Modine, FA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-066-1 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 100 BP 469 EP 491 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BN02V UT WOS:000080432300045 ER PT S AU Soukoulis, CM AF Soukoulis, CM BE Fouque, JP TI Photonic band gap materials SO DIFFUSE WAVES IN COMPLEX MEDIA SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Nato Advanced Study Institute on Diffuse Waves in Complex Media CY MAR 17-27, 1998 CL LES HOUCHES, FRANCE SP NATO,Sci Comm ID PERIODIC DIELECTRIC STRUCTURES; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVE PROPAGATION; INHIBITED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; COLLOIDAL CRYSTALS; 2 DIMENSIONS; FABRICATION; EXISTENCE; LOCALIZATION; LATTICES; SYSTEMS AB An overview of the theoretical and experimental efforts in obtaining a photonic band gap, a frequency band in three-dimensional dielectric structures in which electromagnetic waves are forbidden, is presented. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Soukoulis, CM (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-5679-9 J9 NATO ADV SCI I C-MAT PY 1999 VL 531 BP 93 EP 107 PG 15 WC Acoustics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics, Applied; Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Mathematical SC Acoustics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics; Optics; Physics GA BN11C UT WOS:000080737800004 ER PT S AU Evensky, DA Gentile, AC Wyckoff, P Armstrong, RC AF Evensky, DA Gentile, AC Wyckoff, P Armstrong, RC BE Kutvonen, L Konig, H Tienari, M TI The Lilith framework for the rapid development of secure scalable tools for distributed computing SO DISTRIBUTED APPLICATIONS AND INTEROPERABLE SYSTEMS II SE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IFIP TC6 WG6 1 2nd International Working Conference on Distributed Applications and Interoperable Systems (DAIS 99) CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 1999 CL UNIV HELSINKI, DEPT COMP SCI, HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Int Federat Informat Processing, Acad Finland, Nokia Corp, IBM, Sun Microsyst, Sonera, UNISYS, Helsinki Grad Sch Comp Sci & Engn, City Helsinki, Object Management Grp HO UNIV HELSINKI, DEPT COMP SCI DE scalable tools; secure tools; frameworks; distributed computing AB Lilith is a general purpose framework written in Java, that provides a highly scalable distribution of user code across a heterogeneous computing platform. By creation of suitable user code, the Lilith framework can be used for tool development. Lilith promotes rapid development since it handles all the details of code distribution and communication, while the user code need only define the tool functionality on a single node, in accordance with a simple API. The scalable performance provided by Lilith is crucial to the production of time-effective tools for large distributed systems, This time-efficiency, however, allows both constructive and destructive tasks to be accomplished quickly; therefore, security is a concern. We present the Lilith API and a prototype example of the usage of Lilith in distributed computing and we discuss the security model, which is currently under design. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Evensky, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 696,MS 9011, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI NORWELL PA 101 PHILIP DRIVE, ASSINIPPI PARK, NORWELL, MA 02061 USA SN 1571-5736 BN 0-7923-8527-6 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 1999 VL 15 BP 163 EP 168 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BQ51C UT WOS:000088555200012 ER PT J AU Zevin-Sonkin, D Liberzon, A Ghochikyan, A Hovhannisyan, H Lvovsky, L Ulanovsky, L AF Zevin-Sonkin, D Liberzon, A Ghochikyan, A Hovhannisyan, H Lvovsky, L Ulanovsky, L TI DENS (Differential extension with nucleotide subsets): Application to the sequencing of human genomic DNA and cDNA SO DNA SEQUENCE LA English DT Article DE DENS; sequencing; full-length cDNA; single-stranded PCR ID DUPLEX STABILITY; MODULAR PRIMERS; HEXAMER STRINGS; LIGATION; WALKING; LIBRARY AB Here we describe further development of our method of DNA sequencing by Differential Extension with Nucleotide Subsets (DENS) and its application to the sequencing of human genomic DNA and full-insert cDNA. Essentially, DENS is primer walking without custom primer synthesis; instead, DENS uses a presynthesized library of octamer primers degenerate in two positions (4,096 tubes/sequences for a complete library). DENS converts an octamer selected from this library into a long primer on the template, at the intended site only. This is done using a two-step procedure which starts with a limited extension of the octamer (at 20 degreesC) in the presence of only two of the four possible dNTPs. The primer is extended by five bases or more at the intended priming site, which is deliberately selected to maximize the extension length las are the two-dNTP set and the primer itself). The subsequent termination reaction at 60 degreesC then accepts the primer extended at the intended site, but not at alternative sites, where the initial extension (if any) is generally much shorter. This paper presents a set of rules for selection of DENS priming sites. We also compare different ways of template preparation for DENS sequencing. The data were obtained from primer walking on three human genomic DNA subclones of 3 to 4 kbp and four cDNA clones containing inserts of 1.9, 2.3, 3.8, and 4.9 kbp. Full-length sequences were obtained from both strands of each subclone by automated dye-terminator fluorescent DNA sequencing using DENS with degenerate octamer primers. We compared the following types of DNA templates: single-stranded and double-stranded phagemid DNA, double-stranded PCR products, asymmetric PCR products, and single-stranded DNA produced by digestion with Lambda Exonuclease of double-stranded PCR product phosphorylated at one end (Exo-PCR). While all of the preps were found to work, the best results were obtained with Exo-PCR and phagemid single-stranded DNA. Exo-PCR directly from overnight bacterial culture with no plasmid prep of any kind yielded templates for DENS as good as Exo-PCR from purified DNA. We found that the T-m of the differentially extended octamers is an important factor in the success of DENS. Clustering of successful reactions was clearly distinguished in the T-m range of 50-66 degreesC, with success rates of 70% for Exo-PCR and 65% for ss phagemid templates. C1 Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Struct, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Ulanovsky, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Bldg 202,Rm A221,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1042-5179 J9 DNA SEQUENCE JI DNA Seq. PY 1999 VL 10 IS 4-5 BP 245 EP + PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 388TQ UT WOS:000166199500004 PM 10727081 ER PT J AU Hansen, DJ AF Hansen, DJ TI DOE emergency planning & emergency management using emergency response planning guidelines (ERPGS) and temporary emergency exposure levels (TEELS) SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 27-30, 1998 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO SP Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Operat Toxicol AB Facilities within the Department of Energy community perform emergency management to conform with Federal regulations, internal guidance and good management practice. Emergency management in this context includes hazard analysis, consequence assessment, and development of emergency plans including protective actions for workers, uninvolved workers, and the general public. ERPGs are used as the action level for decision making with regards to accidental chemical releases; AEGLs are also being developed for that purpose. DOE actively participates in the development of ERPGs and AEGLs, however, there is a time gap inherent in the development of community exposure limits (which can be months or years) and the need for community exposure limits (which must be implemented now). In recognition of this problem, the DOE Subcommittee on Consequence Assessment and Protective Actions (SCAPA) has developed a hierarchy of alternate exposure limits (Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits, TEELs) to use as temporary guidance for emergency planning for those chemicals for which an ERPG or an AEGL does not exist. This presentation will discuss DOE's involvement in development of ERPGs and AEGLs, including their application, and will discuss the development and use of TEELs (including advantages and disadvantages). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hansen, DJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 535A, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.3109/01480549909029721 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 173RY UT WOS:000078994600004 PM 10189568 ER PT J AU Rice, G Swartout, J Brady-Roberts, E Reisman, D Mahaffey, K Lyon, B AF Rice, G Swartout, J Brady-Roberts, E Reisman, D Mahaffey, K Lyon, B TI Characterization of risks posed by combustor emissions SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 Tri-Service/EPA/ATSDR Toxicology Conference on Issues and Applications in Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 27-30, 1998 CL WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OHIO SP Air Force Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Operat Toxicol ID MERCURY; FISH; LAKE AB Risk characterization is the final step of the risk assessment process as practiced in the U.S. EPA. In risk characterization, the major scientific evidence and "bottom-line" results from the other components of the risk assessment process, hazard identification, dose-response assessment, and exposure assessment, are evaluated and integrated into an overall conclusion about the risks posed by a given situation. Risk characterization is also an iterative process; the results of a specific step may require re-evaluation or additional information to: finalize the risk assessment process. Risks posed by atmospheric emissions are an example of an involuntary human health risk which typically receives a great deal of public attention. Characterization of the risks posed hv atmospheric emissions typically requires the use of mathematical models to evaluate: I) the environmental fate of emitted pollutants, 2) exposures to these pollutants, and 3) human dose-response. Integration of these models results in quantitative risk estimates. The confidence in a quantitative risk estimate is examined by evaluating uncertainty and variability within individual risk assessment components. Variability arises from the true heterogeneity in characteristics within a population or an event; on the other hand, uncertainty represents lack of knowledge about the true value used in a risk estimate. U.S EPA's 1997 Mercury Study will illustrate some aspects of the risk characterization process as well as the uncertainty and variability encountered in the risk assessment process. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Rice, G (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1999 VL 22 IS 1 BP 221 EP 240 DI 10.3109/01480549909029734 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 173RY UT WOS:000078994600017 PM 10189581 ER PT J AU Plumb, OA Gu, LM Webb, SW AF Plumb, OA Gu, LM Webb, SW TI Drying of porous materials at low moisture content SO DRYING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE porous materials; vapor phase diffusion; enhanced vapor diffusion ID SOIL AB Drying experiments were conducted using packed beds of glass beads with initial moisture content near or slightly above the irreducible moisture content. The objective was to validate the vapor phase diffusion coefficient determined in earlier experiments and to quantify the effect of temperature gradient on vapor phase diffusion in the presence of irreducible saturation. The results indicate that for isothermal drying the enhancement factor, beta, which is the ratio of the diffusion coefficient in the packed bed to that in free space, is slightly less than unity. This is consistent with previous results. However, the results for non-isothermal drying show little effect of temperature gradient for temperature gradients either assisting the concentration gradient or opposing the concentration gradient. This is contrary to the traditional thinking about enhanced vapor diffusion originally proposed by Philip and deVries (1957). C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Mission Anal & Simulat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Plumb, OA (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0737-3937 J9 DRY TECHNOL JI Dry. Technol. PY 1999 VL 17 IS 10 BP 1999 EP 2011 DI 10.1080/07373939908917669 PG 13 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 249EM UT WOS:000083319900003 ER PT B AU Chassin, DP AF Chassin, DP BE Lacasse, MA Vainer, DJ TI Computer software architecture to support automated building diagnostics SO DURABILITY OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS 8, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components (8dbmc) CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 1999 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Canadian Wood Council, Stand Council Canada, AGRA Earth & Environm, Canadian Portland Cement Assoc, Georgia Inst Technol, ACBM, Forintek Canada Corp, Kungl Tekniska Hogskolan, Public Works & Govt Serv Canada, Natl Res Council Canada DE building diagnostics; computer software; ventilation diagnostics AB Developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's Building Sciences Group, Honeywell Technology Center, and the University of Colorado Joint Center for Energy Management with support from the U.S. Department of Energy, the Whole Building Diagnostician is a Windows-based application that provides building operators with easy access to system diagnostic information. The architecture of the software infrastructure presented provides essential data collection, validation, integration, analysis, and management functions for the large sets of discontinuous asynchronous time-series data used by all the modules in the application. The proposed architecture uses a central database to store both the data and the diagnostic results from the various modules. Although the use of a centralized database has many advantages, it has several shortcomings. This paper will discuss the advantages and shortcomings of such an approach when deployed on a large scale. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Chassin, DP (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON KIA OR6, CANADA BN 0-660-17737-4 PY 1999 BP 2665 EP 2676 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS07P UT WOS:000168560400255 ER PT B AU Hitchcock, RJ Piette, PA Selkowitz, SE AF Hitchcock, RJ Piette, PA Selkowitz, SE BE Lacasse, MA Vainer, DJ TI A building life-cycle information system for tracking building performance metrics SO DURABILITY OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS 8, VOLS 1-4, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components (8dbmc) CY MAY 30-JUN 03, 1999 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Canadian Wood Council, Stand Council Canada, AGRA Earth & Environm, Canadian Portland Cement Assoc, Georgia Inst Technol, ACBM, Forintek Canada Corp, Kungl Tekniska Hogskolan, Public Works & Govt Serv Canada, Natl Res Council Canada DE life-cycle information management; performance metrics; performance assurance; information technology; industry foundation classes; software interoperability; commissioning; design intent AB Buildings often do not perform as well in practice as expected during pre-design planning, nor as intended at the design stage. While this statement is generally considered to be true, it is difficult to quantify the impacts and long-term economic implications of a building in which performance does not meet expectations. This leads to a building process that is devoid of quantitative feedback that could be used to detect and correct problems both in an individual building and in the building process itself. One key element in this situation is the lack of a standardized method for documenting and communicating information about the intended performance of a building. This paper describes the Building Life-cycle Information System (BLISS); designed to manage a wide range of building related information across the life cycle of a building project. BLISS is based on the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) developed by the International Alliance for Interoperability. A BLISS extension to the IFC that adds classes for building performance metrics is described. Metracker, a prototype tool for tracking performance metrics across the building life cycle, is presented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hitchcock, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON KIA OR6, CANADA BN 0-660-17737-4 PY 1999 BP 2688 EP 2695 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BS07P UT WOS:000168560400257 ER PT S AU Myers, DR Wilcox, S Anderberg, M Alawaji, SH Al Abbadi, NM bin Mahfoodh, MY AF Myers, DR Wilcox, S Anderberg, M Alawaji, SH Al Abbadi, NM bin Mahfoodh, MY BE Barnes, WL TI Saudi Arabian solar radiation network and data for validating satellite remote-sensing systems SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems IV CY JUL 18-20, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE, Remote Sensing Soc DE solar radiation; shortwave; longwave; network; instrumentation; validation; remote sensing; desert; Saudi Arabia; EOS AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will be launching complex satellite remote-sensing platforms for monitoring the earth's radiation budget, land use, and atmospheric physics for periods exceeding 10 years. These Earth Observing Satellite (EOS) platforms will strive to detect man-made and natural variations in the Earth's climate. From 1993 to the present (1999), the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, conducted a joint solar radiation resource assessment project to upgrade the solar resource assessment capability of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia KACST has deployed a high quality 12-station network in Saudi Arabia for monitoring solar total horizontal, direct beam, and diffuse radiation. One- and five-minute network data is collected and assessed for quality. 80% or more of the network data fall within quality limits of +/-5% for correct partitioning between the three radiation components. This network will provide measured data for validating the NASA remote sensing systems. We describe the network, quality assessment procedures, and the results of estimating aerosol optical depth and precipitable water vapor. These are important for validating satellite estimates of radiation fluxes in and at the top of the Earth's atmosphere. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Myers, DR (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3236-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3750 BP 503 EP 513 DI 10.1117/12.363547 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BN92F UT WOS:000083487700052 ER PT J AU Kim, HJ Song, Y Lee, KH AF Kim, HJ Song, Y Lee, KH TI Inequality constraint in least-squares inversion of geophysical data SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA; RESISTIVITY DATA; SMOOTH; MODELS AB This paper presents a simple, generalized parameter constraint using a priori information to obtain a stable inverse of geophysical data. In the constraint the a priori information can be expressed by two limits: lower and upper bounds. This is a kind of inequality constraint, which is usually employed in linear programming. In this paper, we have derived this parameter constraint as a generalized version of positiveness constraint of parameter, which is routinely used in the inversion of electrical and EM data. However, the two bounds are not restricted to positive values. The width of two bounds reflects the reliability of ground information, which is obtained through well logging and surface geology survey. The effectiveness and convenience of this inequality constraint is demonstrated through the smoothness-constrained inversion of synthetic magnetotelluric data. C1 Pukyong Natl Univ, Pusan 608737, South Korea. Korea Inst Geol Min & Mat, Taejon 305350, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, HJ (reprint author), Pukyong Natl Univ, 599-1 Taeyeon Dong, Pusan 608737, South Korea. NR 7 TC 32 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 1999 VL 51 IS 4 BP 255 EP 259 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 197YF UT WOS:000080393400003 ER PT B AU Ryon, RW Ruhter, WD AF Ryon, RW Ruhter, WD BE Fernandez, JE Tartari, A TI Uranium and plutonium solution assays by transmission-corrected x-ray fluorescence SO EDXRS-98: PROCEEDINGS OF THE EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROMETRY 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Conference on Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry 1998 (EDXRS-98) CY JUN 07-12, 1998 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY AB We have developed an x-ray fluorescence analysis technique for uranium and plutonium solutions which compensates for variations in the absorption of the exciting gamma rays and fluorescent x-rays. We use Co-57 to efficiently excite the K lines of the elements, and a mixed Co-57 plus Gd-153 transmission source to correct for variations in absorption. The absorption correction is a unique feature of our technique which permits accurate calibration with a single solution standard and the measurement of a wide range of concentrations (up to 300 grams per liter). Without this correction procedure, up to six solution standards are required to correct for non-linearity over this concentration range. In addition, other elements present in the specimens and not present in the standards would otherwise reduce the accuracy or even invalidate the analyses. Specially designed equipment incorporates a planar intrinsic germanium detector, excitation and transmission radioisotopes, and specimen holder. The apparatus can be inserted into a rubber glove of a glovebox, keeping the apparatus outside and the solutions inside the glovebox, thereby protecting the user and the equipment from possible contamination. This technique wilt be tested at the Bochvar Institute of Inorganic Materials in Moscow for possible use in the Russian complex of nuclear facilities. This is part of a cooperative program between laboratories in the United States and Russia to strengthen systems of nuclear materials protection, control, and accountability (MPC&A). A part of this program is to accurately measure and track inventories of materials, thus the need for good non-destructive analytical techniques. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Ryon, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDITRICE COMPOSITORI PI BOLOGNA PA VIA STALINGRADO 97/2, 40128 BOLOGNA, ITALY BN 88-7794-195-2 PY 1999 BP 135 EP 138 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BN33S UT WOS:000081658400021 ER PT S AU Garner, FA Greenwood, LR Roy, P AF Garner, FA Greenwood, LR Roy, P BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI An assessment of potential gamma ray enhancement of embrittlement in ABWR pressure vessel walls SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE pressure vessel; boiling water reactor; embrittlement; atomic displacements; gamma rays; fast neutrons; thermal neutrons ID FISSION-FUSION CORRELATIONS; DISPLACEMENT DAMAGE; NEUTRON-SPECTRUM; MECHANISMS; REACTOR; FLUENCE; STEELS; FLUX AB It has recently been proposed that the unequal attenuation of gamma-rays and fast neutrons in the water gaps of boiling water reactors may lead to a significant underprediction of the atomic displacement rate at the pressure vessel wall. Since a larger water gap has been incorporated in the design of the Advanced Boiling Water Reactor (ABWR), it was suggested that atomic displacements by gamma-rays might significantly offset the advantage of reduced neutron damage to the wall gained by using the larger gap. Such a proposal is strongly amplified by another proposed assumption that atomic displacements generated by gamma-rays are 100 times more survivable and therefore more damaging than those created by fast neutrons. An independent assessment of the relative displacements caused by gamma-rays and neutrons in the ABWR pressure vessel wall has been performed in this study. Based on recent works of others it does not appear that the use of 100-fold enhancement factors is justified for this application. When the full details of the neutron and gamma transport are addressed, it is found that no significant gamma-enhancement of damage will occur in the ABWR pressure vessel wall. While the relative amount of damage caused by neutrons and gammas changes with increasing water gap, the overall advantage of low total displacement damage is not significantly changed by the gamma-induced component. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Struct Mat Res Sect, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Struct Mat Res Sect, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 52 EP 74 DI 10.1520/STP13857S PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600004 ER PT S AU Nanstad, RK McCabe, DE Swain, RL AF Nanstad, RK McCabe, DE Swain, RL BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI Evaluation of variability in material properties and chemical composition for midland reactor weld WF-70 SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE Charpy V-notch; reactor pressure vessel; copper; nickel; weld metal; statistical analysis; chemical composition; irradiation AB The Heavy-Section Steel Irradiation (HSSI) Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) includes a task, the Tenth Irradiation Series, to investigate the effects of radiation on the fracture toughness of the low upper-shelf submerged-are welds in the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) of the canceled Midland Unit 1 nuclear plant. The welds carry the Babcock and Wilcox Co. (B&W) designation WF-70, a weld which exists in many commercial pressurized-water reactors. Various sections of both the beltline weld and the nozzle course weld were studied. A major part of the study involved the determination of variations in chemical composition and reference temperature (RTNDT) throughout the as-received welds. The RTNTDS, all controled by the Charpy behavior, varied from -20 to 37 degrees C (-4 to 99 degrees F) while the upper-shelf energies varied from 77 to 108 J (57 to 80 ft-lb). Even though all the welds carry the WF-70 designation, the bulk copper contents range from 0.21 to 0.34 wt % in the beltline weld and from 0.37 to 0.46 wt % in the nozzle course weld. The variation (2 sigma) of 41-J temperatures for 25 data sets of the Midland weld was 17 degrees C and is comparable to that for the high upper-shelf HSSI weld 72W and that from 13 data sets for HSST Plate 01. Statistical analyses of the Charpy and chemical composition results are discussed. Although the NDT temperatures and CVN transition temperature ranges were similar for the two welds, the fracture toughness results indicated that the nozzle course weld had a 27 degrees C (49 degrees F) higher transition temperature than the beltline weld. Some postirradiation data are available and are presented in this paper, but the major part of the irradiation effects study will be reported subsequently. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nanstad, RK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 125 EP 156 DI 10.1520/STP13861S PG 32 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600008 ER PT S AU Sokolov, MA Nanstad, RK AF Sokolov, MA Nanstad, RK BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI Comparison of irradiation-induced shifts of K-jc and Charpy impact toughness for reactor pressure vessel steels SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE reactor pressure vessel; fracture toughness; master curve; Charpy; correlation AB The current provisions for determination of the upward temperature shift of the lower-bound static fracture toughness curve due to irradiation of reactor pressure vessel steels are based on the assumption that they are the same as the Charpy 41-J shifts as a consequence of irradiation. The objective of this paper is to evaluate this assumption relative to data reported in open publications. Depending on the specific source, different sizes of fracture toughness specimens, procedures of the K-Jc determination, and fitting functions were used. It was anticipated that the scatter might be reduced by using a consistent approach to analyze the published data. A method employing Weibull statistics is applied td analyze original fracture toughness data of unirradiated and irradiated pressure vessel steels. Application of the master curve concept is used to determine shifts of fracture toughness transition curves. A hyperbolic tangent function is used to fit Charpy absorbed energy data. The fracture toughness shifts are compared to Charpy impact shifts evaluated with various criteria. Linear regression analysis showed that for weld metals, on average, the fracture toughness shift is the same as the Charpy 41-J temperature shift, while for base metals, on average, the fracture toughness shift at 41 J is 16% greater than the shift of the Charpy 41-J transition temperature, with both correlations having relatively large 95% confidence intervals. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sokolov, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 34 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 167 EP 190 DI 10.1520/STP13863S PG 24 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600010 ER PT S AU Iskander, SK Nanstad, RK Sokolov, MA McCabe, DE Hutton, JT Thomas, DL AF Iskander, SK Nanstad, RK Sokolov, MA McCabe, DE Hutton, JT Thomas, DL BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI Use of forces from instrumented Charpy V-notch testing to determine crack-arrest toughness SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE instrumented Charpy; crack-arrest toughness; nil-ductility transition temperature; NDT; irradiation embrittlement; reactor pressure vessel steels AB The objective of this investigation is an estimation of the crack-arrest toughness, particularly of irradiated materials, from voltage versus time output of an instrumented tup during a test on a Charpy V-notch (CVN) specimen. This voltage versus time trace (which can be converted to force versus displacement) displays events during fracture of the specimen. Various stages of the fracture process can be identified on the trace, including an arrest point indicating arrest of brittle fracture. The force at arrest, F-a versus test temperature, T, relationship is examined to explore possible relationships to other experimental measures of crack-arrest toughness such as the drop-weight nil-ductility temperature (NDT), or crack-arrest toughness, K-a. For a wide range of weld and plate materials, the temperature at which F-a = 2.45 kN correlates with NDT with a standard deviation, sigma, of about 11 K. Excluding the so-called "low upper-shelf energy" (USE) welds from the analysis resulted in F-a = 4.12 kN and sigma = 6.6 K. The estimates of the correlation of the temperature for F-a = 7.4 kN with the temperature at 100-MPa.root m level for a mean American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) type K-Ia curve through crack-arrest toughness values show that prediction of conservative values of K-a are possible. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Iskander, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 204 EP 222 DI 10.1520/STP13865S PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600012 ER PT S AU Sokolov, MA Spooner, S Odette, GR Wirth, BD Lucas, GE AF Sokolov, MA Spooner, S Odette, GR Wirth, BD Lucas, GE BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI Sans study of high-copper RPV welds in irradiated and annealed conditions SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE small-angle neutron scattering; embrittlement; pressure vessel weld; copper-rich precipitate AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been used to study reactor pressure vessel (RPV) welds from the Heavy-Section Steel Irradiation (HSSI) Program. Each of the welds contains high bulk copper contents ranging from 0.26 to 0.40 wt %. The welds were irradiated in test reactors to fluences ranging from 0.5 to 1.9x10(19) n/cm(2) (E > 1 MeV). SANS measurements were performed to determine number density,radius, and volume fraction of irradation-induced scattering centers which were consistent with copper-rich precipitates (CRPs). The bulk copper content had no effect on CRP number density, volume fraction, and average radius. Postirradiation annealing (PIA) was performed on the welds for 168 h at 343, 399, and 454 degrees C. SANS measurements on these samples show that high temperature PIA decreases the CRP number density and volume fraction while increasing the average radius. The SANS data obtained on these welds are consistent with the University of California Santa Barbara, database and comparison is made with two A533B type model alloys irradiated to a similar fluence and following PIA. Evolution of the CRP scattering centers with irradiation and PIA is compared to the changes in mechanical properties. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sokolov, MA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015 OI Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 333 EP 345 DI 10.1520/STP13873S PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600020 ER PT S AU Iskander, SK Sokolov, MA Nanstad, RK AF Iskander, SK Sokolov, MA Nanstad, RK BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI Comparison of different experimental and analytical measures of the thermal annealing response of neutron-irradiated RPV steels SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE annealing; fracture toughness; transition temperature; upper-shelf energy; reactor pressure vessel steels AB The thermal annealing response of several materials as indicated by Charpy transition temperature (TT) and upper-shelf energy (USE), crack initiation toughness, K-Jc, predictive models, and automated-ball indentation (ABI) testing are compared. The materials investigated are representative reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels (several welds and a plate) that were irradiated for other tasks of the Heavy-Section Steel Irradiation (HSSI) Program and are relatively well characterized in the unirradiated and irradiated conditions. They have been annealed at two temperatures, 343 and 454 degrees C (650 and 850 degrees F) for varying lengths of time. The correlation of the Charpy response and the fracture toughness, ABI, and the response predicted by the annealing model of Eason et al. for these conditions and materials appears to be reasonable. The USE after annealing at the temperature of 454 degrees C appears to recover at a faster rate than the TT, and even "over-recovers" (i.e., the recovered USE exceeds that of the unirradiated material). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Iskander, SK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 403 EP 420 DI 10.1520/STP13878S PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600025 ER PT S AU Wang, JA AF Wang, JA BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI Development of embrittlement prediction models for US power reactors and the impact of the heat-affected zone to thermal annealing SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE radiation embrittlement; power reactor; data base; LWR; reactor pressure vessel; embrittlement model; data fitting procedure; flux effect; heat-affected zone ID SPECTRUM AB The NRC Regulatory Guide 1.99 (R.G. 1.99) Revision 2 was based on 177 surveillance data points and the EPRI data base, where 76% of 177 data points and 60% of EPRI data base were from Westinghouse's data. Therefore, other vendors' radiation environment may not be properly characterized by R.G. 1.99's prediction. To minimize scatter from the influences of the irradiation temperature, neutron energy spectrum, displacement rate, and plant operation procedures on embrittlement models, improved embrittlement models based on group data that have similar radiation environments and reactor design and operation criteria are examined. A total of 653 shift data points from the current PR-EDB, including 397 Westinghouse data, 93 B&W data, 57 CE data, and 106 GE data, are used. A nonlinear-least-squares fitting FORTRAN program, incorporating a Monte Carlo procedure with 35% and 10% uncertainty assigned to the fluence and shift data, respectively, was written for this study. In order to have the same adjusted fluence value for the weld and plate material in the same capsule, the Monte Carlo least-squares fitting procedure has the ability to adjust the fluence values while running the weld and plate formula simultaneously. Six chemical components, namely, copper, nickel, phosphorous, sulfur, manganese, and molybdenum, were considered in the development of the new embrittlement models. The overall percentage of reduction of the 2-sigma margins per Delta RTNDT, predicted by the new embrittlement models, compared to that of R.G. 1.99, for weld and base materials are 42% and 36%, respectively. Currently, the need for thermal annealing is seriously being considered for several A302B-type RPVs. From the macroscopic view point, even if base and weld materials were verified from mechanical tests to be fully recovered, the linking heat-affetcted zone (HAZ) material has not been properly characterized. Thus the final overall recovery will still be unknown. The great data scatter of the HAZ metals may be the result of the metallurgical heterogeneity that exists in the HAZ. The proposed data fitting procedure for the HAZ material is presented in the paper. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Wang, Jy-An/0000-0003-2402-3832 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 525 EP 540 DI 10.1520/STP13885S PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600032 ER PT S AU Chung, HM Sanecki, JE Garner, FA AF Chung, HM Sanecki, JE Garner, FA BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI Radiation-induced instability of MnS precipitates and its possible consequences on irradiation-induced stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE austenitic stainless steel; irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking; manganese sulfide; transmutation; compositional instability; sulfur; fluorine AB Irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) is a significant materials issue for the light water reactor (LWR) industry and may also pose a problem for fusion power reactors that will use water as coolant. A new metallurgical process is proposed that involves the radiation-induced release into solution of minor impurity elements not usually thought to participate in IASCC. MnS-type precipitates, which contain most of the sulfur in stainless steels, are thought to be unstable under irradiation. First, Mn transmutes strongly to Fe in thermalized neutron spectra. Second, cascade-induced disordering and the inverse Kirkendall effect operating at the incoherent interfaces of MnS precipitates are thought to act as a pump to export Mn from the precipitate into the alloy matrix. Both of these processes will most likely allow S, which is known to exert a deleterious influence on intergranular cracking, to re-enter the matrix. To test this hypothesis, compositions of MnS-type precipitates contained in several unirradiated and irradiated heats of Type 304, 316, and 348 stainless steels (SSs) were analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy. Evidence is presented that shows a progressive compositional modification of MnS precipitates as exposure to neutrons increases in boiling water reactors (BWRs). As the fluence increases, the Mn level in MnS decreases, whereas Fe level increases. MnS precipitates were also found to be a reservoir of F, an impurity implicated with cracking of F-contaminated shielded-metal- or submerged-are welds such as BWR core shroud weld. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chung, HM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 647 EP 658 DI 10.1520/STP13894S PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600041 ER PT S AU Robertson, JP Ioka, I Rowcliffe, AF Grossbeck, ML Jitsukawa, S AF Robertson, JP Ioka, I Rowcliffe, AF Grossbeck, ML Jitsukawa, S BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI Temperature dependence of the deformation behavior of type 316 stainless steel after low temperature neutron irradiation SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE austenitic stainless steel; tensile properties; neutron irradiation; spectrally tailored experiment ID TENSILE PROPERTIES; MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION; MECHANISMS; SPECTRUM; FUSION; ALLOYS AB The effects of low temperature neutron irradiation on the tensile behavior of type 316 stainless steel were investigated. A single heat of solution annealed type 316 stainless steel was irradiated to 7 and 18 dpa at 60, 200, 330, and 400 degrees C. The tensile properties as a function of dose and as a function of temperature were examined. Large changes in yield strength, deformation mode, strain to necking, and strain hardening capacity were seen in this irradiation experiment. The magnitudes of the changes are dependent on both irradiation temperature and neutron dose. Irradiation can more than triple the yield strength over the unirradiated value and decrease the strain to necking (STN) to less than 0.5% under certain conditions. A maximum increase in yield strength and a minimum in the STN occur after irradiation at 330 degrees C but the failure mode remains ductile. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Robertson, JP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 671 EP 688 DI 10.1520/STP13896S PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600043 ER PT S AU Garner, FA Toloczko, MB Munro, B Adaway, S Standring, J AF Garner, FA Toloczko, MB Munro, B Adaway, S Standring, J BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI Comparison of irradiation creep and swelling of an austenitic alloy irradiated in FFTF and PFR SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE 316 stainless steel; void swelling; irradiation creep; dose rate; temperature ID HIGH NEUTRON FLUENCE AB Comparative irradiation of identically constructed creep tubes in the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) and the Prototypic Fast Reactor (PFR) shows that differences in irradiation conditions arising from both reactor operation and the design of the irradiation vehicle can have a significant impact on the void swelling and irradiation creep of austenitic stainless steels. In spite of these differences, the derived creep coefficients fall within the range of previously observed values for 316 SS. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 713 EP 724 DI 10.1520/STP13899S PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600046 ER PT S AU Toloczko, MB Garner, FA AF Toloczko, MB Garner, FA BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI Variability of irradiation creep and swelling of HT9 irradiated to high neutron fluence at 400-600 degrees C SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE ferritic/martensitic steels; irradiation creep; swelling; creep coefficients ID SIMILAR-TO-400-DEGREES-C; DPA AB Sets of pressurized tubes constructed from a combination of three lots of HT9 and two heat-treatments were examined after irradiation in FFTF-MOTA at four different temperatures between 400 and 600 degrees C. Diametral measurements indicated that small amounts of swelling occurred at 400 degrees C, with the magnitude of the swelling varying from tube-set to tube-set. At 495, 550, and 600 degrees C, no indications of swelling were observed. Over a limited stress range that decreased with increasing irradiation temperature, the irradiation creep was found to be proportional to the stress level and mirrored the swelling behavior, confirming the B-o + D(S) over dot creep model. The creep compliance, B-o, appears to be about half of that observed in austenitic steels, whereas the creep-swelling coupling coefficient, D, appears to be comparable to that of austenitics. At the highest stress levels examined, the value of the stress exponent became much greater than 1.0. Higher irradiation temperatures resulted in creep behavior with pronounced thermal creep characteristics. A primary creep transient was observed at the three higher irradiation temperatures and increased in magnitude with increasing irradiation temperature, while a stress exponent between 1.0 and 2.0 was observed at 550 degrees C. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Toloczko, MB (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 765 EP 779 DI 10.1520/STP13902S PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600049 ER PT S AU Garner, FA Greenwood, LR Oliver, BM AF Garner, FA Greenwood, LR Oliver, BM BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI A reevaluation of helium/dpa and hydrogen/dpa ratios for fast reactor and thermal reactor data used in fission-fusion correlations SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE helium; hydrogen; neutron irradiation AB The Ni-59 isotope produced by the Ni-58 (n,gamma) reaction has three highly exothermic reactions, (n,alpha), (n,p), and (n,gamma). These reactions contribute to the displacement damage and two of them can generate significant amounts of helium and hydrogen. The production of helium in the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) at high neutron exposure has been measured and found not to include a significant contribution from Ni-59 in those core volumes where most material's data were generated. This is in contrast to a significant Ni-59 contribution that occurs in the softer below-core areas of the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF). The often overlooked Ni-59 contribution to hydrogen generation is of particular importance when considering neutron spectra with a substantial thermal neutron component, however. Inclusion of the (n,p) and (n,gamma) recoil events in the dpa damage calculations requires only a 3% correction to the previously published value, indicating that most of the damage arises from the (n,alpha) reaction. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 794 EP 807 DI 10.1520/STP13904S PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600051 ER PT S AU Gelles, DS AF Gelles, DS BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI The consequences of helium production and nickel additions on microstructural development in isotopically tailored ferritic alloys SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE ferritic/martensitic steels; isotopic tailoring; microstructure; helium effects; neutron damage ID IRRADIATION; FLUENCE; NI-59; DPA AB A series of alloys have been made adding various isotopes of nickel in order to vary the production of helium during irradiation by a two step nuclear reaction in a mixed spectrum reactor. The alloys use a base composition of Fe-12Cr with an addition of 1.5% nickel, either in the form of Ni-60 which produces no helium, Ni-59 which produces helium at a rate of about 10 appm He/dpa, or natural nickel which provides an intermediate level of helium due to delayed development of Ni-59. Specimens were irradiated in the HFIR at Oak Ridge, TN to 7.5 dpa at 300 and 400 degrees C. Microstructural examinations indicated that nickel additions promote precipitation in all alloys, but the effect appears to be much stronger at 400 degrees C than at 300 degrees C. There is sufficient dose by 7 dpa (and with 2 appm He) to initiate void swelling in ferritic/martensitic alloys. Little difference was found between response from Ni-59 and natural nickel. Also, helium bubble development for high helium generation conditions appeared to be very different at 300 and 400 degrees C. At 300 degrees C, it appeared that high densities of bubbles formed whereas at 400 degrees C, bubbles could not be identified, possibly because of the complexity of the microstructure, but more likely because helium accumulated at precipitate interfaces. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gelles, DS (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 899 EP 910 DI 10.1520/STP13911S PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600058 ER PT S AU Klueh, RL Alexander, DJ AF Klueh, RL Alexander, DJ BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI Tensile and Charpy impact properties of irradiated reduced-activation ferritic steels SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE ferritic steels; reduced-activation; tensile properties; impact properties ID CR-W STEELS; MARTENSITIC STEELS; BEHAVIOR AB Tensile tests were conducted on eight reduced-activation Cr-W steels after irradiation to 15-17 and 26-29 dpa, and Charpy impact tests were conducted on the steels irradiated to 26-29 dpa. Irradiation was in the Fast Flux Test Facility at 365 degrees C on steels containing 2.25-12% Cr, varying amounts of W, V, and Ta, and 0.1%C. Previously, tensile specimens were irradiated to 6-8 dpa and Charpy specimens to 6-8, 15-17, and 20-24 dpa. Tensile and Charpy specimens were also thermally aged to 20000 h at 365 degrees C. Thermal aging had little effect on the tensile behavior or the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT), but several steels showed a slight increase in the upper-shelf energy (USE). After approximate to 7 dpa, the strength of the steels increased and then remained relatively unchanged through 26-29 dpa (i.e., the strength saturated with fluence). Post-irradiation Charpy impact tests after 26-29 dpa showed that the loss of impact toughness, as measured by an increase in DBTT and a decrease in the USE, remained relatively unchanged from the values after 20-24 dpa, which had been relatively unchanged from the earlier irradiations. As before, the two 9Cr steels were the most irradiation resistant. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Klueh, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 911 EP 930 DI 10.1520/STP13912S PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600059 ER PT S AU Hamilton, ML Schubert, LE Gelles, DS AF Hamilton, ML Schubert, LE Gelles, DS BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI Impact behavior of low activation steels at 30 DPA SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE impact testing; low activation; ferritic steel AB Impact tests were performed on one-third size specimens of six low activation steels developed for structural applications in fusion reactors. Specimens were irradiated to similar to 30 dpa at similar to 375 degrees C in the Fast Flux Test Reactor. Comparison of the results with those of control specimens and specimens irradiated to 10 dpa indicates that degradation in the impact behavior appears to have saturated by similar to 10 dpa in at least four of these alloys. The most promising of the alloys, a 7.5Cr-2W alloy referred to as GA3X, exhibited the best impact properties, with no increase in ductile to brittle transition temperature or decrease in upper shelf energy between 10 and 30 dpa. Fractography supports the impact test results. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hamilton, ML (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 931 EP 944 DI 10.1520/STP13913S PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600060 ER PT S AU Edwards, DJ Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Samal, P Troxell, JD AF Edwards, DJ Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Samal, P Troxell, JD BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI Brazed dispersion strengthened copper: The effect of neutron irradiation and transmutation on bond integrity SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE dispersion strengthened copper; brazing; transmutation; gold; silver; mercury; cadmium; tensile strength; first wall; divertor; miniature tensile specimens; radioactivation AB Four types of brazes were used to join sheets of:GLIDCOP(TM) A125. Miniature tensile specimens were fabricated from the joints and irradiated under various conditions for a study of their response to high temperature neutron irradiation in FFTF Two of the sets of specimens, brazed with TiCuAg and TiCuNi, were found to possess low quality joints because of excessive diffusion of silver into the base metal in the case of the TiCuAg, and melting of the base metal in the case of the TiCuNi. Joints produced with a CuAu braze were satisfactory for the unirradiated state, but transmutation of Au to Hg affected the integrity of the joints irradiated in a below-core position where the transmutation rate per dpa was rather high. A CuAg braze yielded satisfactory joints in the unirradiated state and held up well when the irradiated specimens were tested. However, transmutation of Ag to Cd leads to a high residual radioactivity that may limit the usefulness of this braze after exposure to neutron irradiation. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Edwards, DJ (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, MSIN P-815, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 973 EP 990 DI 10.1520/STP13915S PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600062 ER PT S AU Alexander, DJ AF Alexander, DJ BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI The effects of irradiation on the mechanical properties of 6061-T651 aluminum base metal and weldments SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE aluminum; fracture toughness; yield strength; ductility; embrittlement; 6061-T651; weldment AB The aluminum ahoy 6061-T651 was a candidate material for several critical components of the proposed Advanced Neutron Source (ANS) research reactor. In order to determine the effects of irradiation on the mechanical properties of this alloy, irradiations have been conducted in the High Flux Isotope Reactor under conditions that are similar to those predicted for the ANS. Compact and tensile specimens of 6061-T1651 aluminum were irradiated at a nominal temperature of 95 degrees C to a thermal neutron fluence of approximately 8 x 10(26) m(-2) (<0.625 eV) for comparison with earlier data from material irradiated to a fluence of 1026 m(-2). This lower fluence resulted in a small increase in the yield and ultimate tensile strengths, and a slight decrease in the elongation. However, the fracture toughness was not significantly affected at this fluence except at the highest test temperature of 150 degrees C. Irradiation to the higher fluence resulted in a further increase in the yield and ultimate tensile strengths, and a further decrease in the total elongation. The fracture toughness showed little effect of the higher level of irradiation, except at the highest test temperature of 150 degrees C, where the toughness showed an additional decrease. Weldments made with 4043 filler metal were irradiated to 2 x 10(26) m(-2). Th, yield and ultimate tensile strengths of the weld metal were much lower than the base metal in the unirradiated condition, but more than doubled after irradiation. The toughness of the unirradiated weld metal was very high, and it decreased significantly after irradiation, becoming similar to the unirradiated base metal. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alexander, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 1027 EP 1044 DI 10.1520/STP13918S PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600065 ER PT S AU Alexander, DJ Snead, LL Zinkle, SJ Gubbi, AN Rowcliffe, AF Eatherly, WS Bloom, EE AF Alexander, DJ Snead, LL Zinkle, SJ Gubbi, AN Rowcliffe, AF Eatherly, WS Bloom, EE BE Nanstad, RK Hamilton, ML Garner, FA Kumar, AS TI Effects of low temperature irradiation on the mechanical properties of V-4Cr-4Ti SO EFFECTS OF RADIATION ON MATERIALS: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Effects of Radiation on Materials CY JUN 25-27, 1996 CL HYANNIS, MA SP ASTM Comm E-10 on Nuclear Technol & Appl DE vanadium; strength; toughness; impact; ductile-to-brittle transition; embrittlement ID VANADIUM ALLOYS AB Neutron irradiation at low temperatures (100 to 275 degrees C) to 0.5 displacements per atom causes significant embrittlement and changes in the subsequent room temperature tensile properties of V-4Cr-4Ti. The yield strength and microhardness at room temperature increase with increasing irradiation temperature. The tensile properties at room temperature show large increases in strength and a complete loss of work hardening capacity with no uniform elongation. Embrittlement, as measured by an increase in the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, increases with increasing irradiation temperature, at least up to 275 degrees C. It is shown that this embrittlement is not due to pickup of O or other interstitial solutes during the irradiation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alexander, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2614-X J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1325 BP 1119 EP 1133 DI 10.1520/STP13924S PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM77D UT WOS:000079724600071 ER PT B AU Tenforde, TS AF Tenforde, TS BE Bersani, F TI Epidemiological studies on health effects of electromagnetic fields SO ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Alcatel, Alza, Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Elect Power Res Inst, ENEL, Ericsson, Forsch Gemeinschaft Fnuk e V, IGEA, Motorola, Nokia, Omnitel Pronto Italia, Telecom Italia, Telcom Italia Mobile, USAF, Armstrong Lab, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci ID AMATEUR RADIO OPERATORS; MALE BREAST-CANCER; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; TELEVISION TRANSMITTERS; GREAT-BRITAIN; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; RADIATION; LEUKEMIA; TUMORS C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tenforde, TS (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46041-6 PY 1999 BP 9 EP 13 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BP38D UT WOS:000084928800002 ER PT B AU Liburdy, RP Blackman, CF Luben, RA AF Liburdy, RP Blackman, CF Luben, RA BE Bersani, F TI Melatonin, breast cancer and magnetic fields: Replication studies SO ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Alcatel, Alza, Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Elect Power Res Inst, ENEL, Ericsson, Forsch Gemeinschaft Fnuk e V, IGEA, Motorola, Nokia, Omnitel Pronto Italia, Telecom Italia, Telcom Italia Mobile, USAF, Armstrong Lab, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci ID ELECTRIC-POWER; HYPOTHESIS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liburdy, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46041-6 PY 1999 BP 59 EP 62 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BP38D UT WOS:000084928800011 ER PT B AU Woloschak, GE Paunesku, T Chang-Liu, CM Loberg, L Gauger, J McCormick, D AF Woloschak, GE Paunesku, T Chang-Liu, CM Loberg, L Gauger, J McCormick, D BE Bersani, F TI Changes in gene expression following EMF exposure SO ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Alcatel, Alza, Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Elect Power Res Inst, ENEL, Ericsson, Forsch Gemeinschaft Fnuk e V, IGEA, Motorola, Nokia, Omnitel Pronto Italia, Telecom Italia, Telcom Italia Mobile, USAF, Armstrong Lab, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci ID IONIZING-RADIATION; MESSENGER-RNA C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Mech Biol & Biotechnol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Woloschak, GE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Mech Biol & Biotechnol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Paunesku, Tatjana/A-3488-2017; Woloschak, Gayle/A-3799-2017 OI Paunesku, Tatjana/0000-0001-8698-2938; Woloschak, Gayle/0000-0001-9209-8954 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46041-6 PY 1999 BP 175 EP 178 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BP38D UT WOS:000084928800037 ER PT B AU Gailey, PC AF Gailey, PC BE Bersani, F TI Correlation of thermal electrical noise in ion channel arrays SO ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Alcatel, Alza, Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Elect Power Res Inst, ENEL, Ericsson, Forsch Gemeinschaft Fnuk e V, IGEA, Motorola, Nokia, Omnitel Pronto Italia, Telecom Italia, Telcom Italia Mobile, USAF, Armstrong Lab, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Elect & Magnet Fields Bioeffects Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gailey, PC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Elect & Magnet Fields Bioeffects Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46041-6 PY 1999 BP 227 EP 230 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BP38D UT WOS:000084928800050 ER PT B AU Harland, JD Levine, GA Liburdy, RP AF Harland, JD Levine, GA Liburdy, RP BE Bersani, F TI Differential inhibition of tamoxifen's oncostatic functions in a human breast cancer cell line by a 12 mGauss (1.2 uT) magnetic field SO ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Alcatel, Alza, Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Elect Power Res Inst, ENEL, Ericsson, Forsch Gemeinschaft Fnuk e V, IGEA, Motorola, Nokia, Omnitel Pronto Italia, Telecom Italia, Telcom Italia Mobile, USAF, Armstrong Lab, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci ID ANTIESTROGEN C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harland, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46041-6 PY 1999 BP 465 EP 467 PG 3 WC Biophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BP38D UT WOS:000084928800109 ER PT B AU Harland, JD Levine, GA Harland, JD AF Harland, JD Levine, GA Harland, JD BE Bersani, F TI A 12 mGauss (1.2 uT) magnetic field inhibits tamoxifen's oncostatic action in a second human breast cancer cell line: T47D SO ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Alcatel, Alza, Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Elect Power Res Inst, ENEL, Ericsson, Forsch Gemeinschaft Fnuk e V, IGEA, Motorola, Nokia, Omnitel Pronto Italia, Telecom Italia, Telcom Italia Mobile, USAF, Armstrong Lab, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Harland, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46041-6 PY 1999 BP 469 EP 472 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BP38D UT WOS:000084928800110 ER PT B AU Afzal, SMJ Liburdy, RP AF Afzal, SMJ Liburdy, RP BE Bersani, F TI Magnetic fields reduce the growth inhibitory effects of tamoxifen in a human brain tumor cell line SO ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd World Congress for Electricity and Magnetism in Biology and Medicine CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL BOLOGNA, ITALY SP Alcatel, Alza, Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Elect Power Res Inst, ENEL, Ericsson, Forsch Gemeinschaft Fnuk e V, IGEA, Motorola, Nokia, Omnitel Pronto Italia, Telecom Italia, Telcom Italia Mobile, USAF, Armstrong Lab, US DOE, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci ID CANCER C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Afzal, SMJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46041-6 PY 1999 BP 473 EP 476 PG 4 WC Biophysics; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Biophysics; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BP38D UT WOS:000084928800111 ER PT S AU Yang, XG Shi, SX Du, XX Swanson, BI AF Yang, XG Shi, SX Du, XX Swanson, BI BE Fallahi, M Nordstrom, RJ Todd, TR TI Species selective and sensitive films based on host-guest interactions SO ELECTRO-OPTIC, INTEGRATED OPTIC, AND ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR ONLINE CHEMICAL PROCESS MONITORING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optic, Integrated Optic, and Electronic Technologies for Online Chemical Process Monitoring CY NOV 02-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE sensing film; molecular self-assembly; SAW devices; films; cyclodextrins; host-guest interaction; CW agents ID CHEMICAL SENSORS; THIN-FILMS; MICROSENSORS; MONOLAYERS; VAPORS AB Species selective and sensitive films were designed and fabricated for sensing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). The molecular recognition host reagents were designed and synthesized for optimum binding of organic vapors. Sensing films were fabricated onto a surface acoustic wave (SAW) transducer surface through molecular self-assembly and covalent immobilization. The selectivity and sensitivity of the film are based on host-guest interaction between the host reagent (cyclodextrins) and gas phase species. The self-assembled film containing cyclodextrins can detect certain organic vapors at parts per billion concentrations. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yang, XG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, MS J565, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2998-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3537 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1117/12.341039 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM82C UT WOS:000079845600027 ER PT S AU Song, XD Swansion, BI AF Song, XD Swansion, BI BE Fallahi, M Nordstrom, RJ Todd, TR TI Optical biosensors based on direct coupling of recognition, signal transduction, and amplification SO ELECTRO-OPTIC, INTEGRATED OPTIC, AND ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR ONLINE CHEMICAL PROCESS MONITORING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Electro-Optic, Integrated Optic, and Electronic Technologies for Online Chemical Process Monitoring CY NOV 02-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE fluorescence self-quenching; energy transfer; multivalent binding; cholera toxin; ganglioside GM1; biosensor; signal transduction ID RECEPTOR; BINDING; OXIDASE; TOXIN AB Highly sensitive, specific and reagent-free optical signal transduction methods for detection of polyvalent proteins have been developed by directly coupling distance-dependent fluorescence self-quenching or/and resonant energy transfer to the protein-receptor binding events. The ganglioside GM1 as recognition unit for cholera toxin (CT) was covalently labeled with fluorophores, and then incorporated into a biomimetic membrane surface. In the case using fluorescence self-quenching as a signal transduction mechanism, the fluorescence intensity drops significantly due to aggregation of the fluorophore-labeled GM1 on a biomimetic surface, By labeling GM1 with a fluorescence energy transfer pair, aggregation of the labeled-GM1 results in a decrease in donor and an increase in acceptor fluorescence providing a unique signature for specific protein-receptor binding. The detection systems can reliably detect less than 0.05 nM CI with fast response (less than five minutes). This approach can easily be adapted to any biosensor scheme that relies on multiple receptors or co-receptors. The methods can also be applied to investigate the kinetics and thermodynamics of the multivalent interactions. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Song, XD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2998-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3537 BP 280 EP 287 DI 10.1117/12.341041 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM82C UT WOS:000079845600029 ER PT J AU Mukerjee, S Lee, SJ Ticianelli, EA McBreen, J Grgur, BN Markovic, NM Ross, PN Giallombardo, JR De Castro, ES AF Mukerjee, S Lee, SJ Ticianelli, EA McBreen, J Grgur, BN Markovic, NM Ross, PN Giallombardo, JR De Castro, ES TI Investigation of enhanced CO tolerance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells by carbon supported PtMo alloy catalyst SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID H-2/CO MIXTURES; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; BINARY-ALLOYS; AD-ATOMS; OXIDATION; ELECTROOXIDATION; ELECTROCATALYSIS; ELECTRODE; SURFACE; PERFORMANCE AB We report a two- to threefold enhancement of CO tolerance in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, exhibited by carbon supported nanocrystalline PtMo/C as compared to the current state of the art PtRu/C electrocatalysts. The bulk of these nanocrystals were comprised of Pt alloyed with Mo in the ratio 8.7: 1.3 as shown by both X-ray diffraction and in situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure measurements. Rotating disk electrode measurements and cyclic voltammetry in a PEM fuel cell indicate the onset of CO oxidation at potentials as low as 0.1 V. Further, the oxidation of CO exhibits two distinct peaks, indicating redox behavior involving oxyhydroxides of Mo. This is supported by in situ X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements at the Mo K edge. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S1099-0062(98) 08-029-8. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. ETEK Inc, Natick, MA 01760 USA. RP Mukerjee, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mukerjee@bnl480.das.bnl.gov RI Ticianelli, Edson/D-1560-2012; Povoroznyuk, Vladislav/A-7748-2016; OI Ticianelli, Edson/0000-0003-3432-2799; Povoroznyuk, Vladislav/0000-0002-9770-4113; Grgur, Branimir/0000-0003-4684-9053 NR 23 TC 169 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 2 IS 1 BP 12 EP 15 DI 10.1149/1.1390718 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 185XV UT WOS:000079697000005 ER PT J AU Kuruganti, AS Chen, KS Kalu, EE AF Kuruganti, AS Chen, KS Kalu, EE TI Tapping mode atomic force microscopy analysis of a novel catalyzation technique on nonconducting substrates SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID P FILMS; CATALYSTS; DEPOSITION AB A novel catalyzation technique involving direct printing of catalyst patterns on a nonconducting polymer substrate followed by thermal activation is investigated. The effects of time and temperature of activation on the nature and distribution of catalyst particles on the substrate was studied quantitatively using tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TMAFM). The TMAFM results indicate that a minimum amount of energy (integral of time and temperature) of activation were to be maintained for the initiation of catalyst particle formation on the nonconducting substrate. (C) 1999 The Electrochemical Society. S1099-0062(98)08-109-7. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kuruganti, AS (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Coll Engn, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 2 IS 1 BP 27 EP 29 DI 10.1149/1.1390723 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 185XV UT WOS:000079697000010 ER PT B AU Bhattacharya, RN Batchelor, W Keane, J Alleman, J Mason, A Noufi, RN AF Bhattacharya, RN Batchelor, W Keane, J Alleman, J Mason, A Noufi, RN BE Andricacos, PC Searson, PC ReidsemaSimpson, C Allongue, P Stickney, JL Oleszek, GM TI CuIn1-xGaxSe2-based photovoltaic cells from electrodeposited and electroless deposited precursors SO ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSING IN ULSI FABRICATION AND SEMICONDUCTOR/METAL DEPOSITION II, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Electrochemical Processing in ULSI Fabrication II CY MAY 03-06, 1999 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Electrochem Soc ID SOLAR-CELLS; PERFORMANCE AB We have fabricated 15.4%- and 12.4%-efficient CuIn1-XGaXSe2 (CIGS)-based devices from electrodeposited and electroless deposited precursors. As-deposited precursors are Cu-rich films and polycrystalline or amorphous in nature. Additional In, Ga, and Se were added to the precursor films by physical evaporation to adjust the final composition to CuIn1-xGaxSe2. Addition of In and Ga and also selenization at high temperature are very crucial to obtaining high efficiency devices. The films/devices have been characterized by inductive-coupled plasma spectrometry, Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron-probe microanalysis, current-voltage characteristics, and spectral response. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bhattacharya, RN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-231-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1999 VL 99 IS 9 BP 309 EP 317 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BP59G UT WOS:000085602500033 ER PT J AU Zhong, CJ Woods, NT Dawson, GB Porter, MD AF Zhong, CJ Woods, NT Dawson, GB Porter, MD TI Formation of thiol-based monolayers on gold: implications from open circuit potential measurements SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE open circuit potentials; alkanethiolate monolayers; chemisorption; gold electrodes ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS; REDUCTIVE DESORPTION; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; METAL-SURFACES; SPECTROSCOPY; ADSORPTION; DISULFIDES AB The dynamics of the charge transfer process that transpires during the chemisorption of thiol-derived monolayers on gold electrodes have been examined by monitoring the temporal evolution of the open circuit potential (OCP). As a consequence of adlayer formation, the OCP shifts negatively. This shift is attributed to the accumulation of negative charge on the electrode through the donation of electron density from sulfur to gold. The magnitude of the shift, however, is much less than that estimated for a one-electron chemisorption process at an interface modeled simply as a parallel plate capacitor. Based on the findings of these and other experiments, we propose that the formation process involves both the oxidative deposition of the adlayer and the reduction of the sulfhydryl proton to hydrogen. Evidence consistent with these conclusions is presented. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Sealed Air Corp, Cryovac Div, Duncan, SC 29334 USA. RP Porter, MD (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Microanalyt Instrumentat Ctr, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Zhong, Chuan-Jian/D-3394-2013 NR 32 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1388-2481 J9 ELECTROCHEM COMMUN JI Electrochem. Commun. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 1 IS 1 BP 17 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S1388-2481(98)00006-X PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 238HT UT WOS:000082705400006 ER PT S AU Ma, B Balachandran, U Hodges, JP Jorgensen, JD Miller, DJ Richardson, JW AF Ma, B Balachandran, U Hodges, JP Jorgensen, JD Miller, DJ Richardson, JW BE Sundaram, SK Bickford, DF Hornyak, EJ TI Structure and property relationship in the mixed-conducting Sr-Fe-Co-O system SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF GLASS AND CERAMICS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc ID ION CONDUCTORS; FUEL-CELLS; METHANE AB Mixed-conducting ceramic oxides have potential uses in high-temperature electrochemical applications such as solid oxide fuel cells, advanced batteries, sensors, and oxygen-permeable membranes. The Sr-Fe-Co-O system combines high electronic/ionic conductivity with appreciable oxygen permeability at elevated temperatures. Dense ceramic membranes made of this material can be used to separate high-purity oxygen from air without the need for external electrical circuitry, or to partially oxidize methane to produce syngas. Samples of Sr2Fe3-xCoxOy (with x = 0, 0.6, 1.0, and 1.4) were prepared by solid-state reaction in atmospheres with various oxygen partial pressures (pO(2)) and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electrical conductivity measurements. Phase components of the samples are dependent on cobalt concentration and synthesis pO(2). Total conductivity increases with increasing temperature and cobalt content in the material. Higher ionic transference numbers have been observed in samples with lower cobalt contents. Current-voltage characteristics determined in a gas-tight cell indicate that a bulk effect, rather than a surface exchange effect, is the main limiting factor for oxygen permeation through membranes made of Sr2Fe2CoOy Oxygen permeability measurements at various temperatures showed that oxygen permeability increases with increasing temperature, as expected. At 900 degrees C, an oxygen permeation flux of 2.5 scc.cm(-2).min(-1) was obtained for a Sr2Fe2CoOy disk membrane of 2.9 mm thickness. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ma, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Hodges, Jason/K-1421-2013; Ma, Beihai/I-1674-2013 OI Ma, Beihai/0000-0003-3557-2773 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-062-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 92 BP 149 EP 160 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BN02Q UT WOS:000080429200012 ER PT S AU Hollenberg, GW Kurath, DE Brooks, KP Balagopal, S Landro, T AF Hollenberg, GW Kurath, DE Brooks, KP Balagopal, S Landro, T BE Sundaram, SK Bickford, DF Hornyak, EJ TI Ceramic membranes for separation of sodium SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF GLASS AND CERAMICS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc ID ION AB Although organic sodium membranes have been available for almost a centrury, ceramic sodium membranes, such as beta " alumina, are only a few decades old. NaSICON (Na Super Ion Conductors) ceramic membranes, a recent development, offer unique capabilities for separating sodium from other soluble ions in solution. Researchers have successfully used NaSICON membranes for caustic recovery in electrochemical cells for partial salt splitting of radioactive tank waste with high levels of sodium. A more challenging application is the complete salt splitting of sodium sulfate from the paper and pulp industries, which potentially offers an environmentally and economically attractive method for addressing an industrial waste issue. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hollenberg, GW (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-062-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 92 BP 245 EP 263 PG 19 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BN02Q UT WOS:000080429200018 ER PT S AU Guan, J Dorris, SE Balachandran, U Liu, ML AF Guan, J Dorris, SE Balachandran, U Liu, ML BE Sundaram, SK Bickford, DF Hornyak, EJ TI Development of mixed-conducting ceramic membranes for hydrogen separation SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF GLASS AND CERAMICS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc DE mixed conductors; hydrogen separation; transport properties; perovskites ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; PROTON CONDUCTORS; ELECTROLYTES; DOPANTS; OXIDE AB SrCeO3- and BaCeO3-based proton conductors have been prepared and their transport properties have been investigated by impedance spectroscopy in conjunction with open circuit voltage and water vapor evolution measurements. BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-delta exhibits the highest conductivity in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere; however, its electronic conductivity is not adequate for hydrogen separation in a nongalvanic mode. In an effort to enhance ambipolar conductivity and improve interfacial catalytic properties, BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-delta cermets have been fabricated into membranes. The effects of ambipolar conductivity, membrane thickness, and interfacial resistance on permeation rates have been investigated. In particular, the significance of interfacial resistance is emphasized. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Guan, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-062-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 92 BP 265 EP 276 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BN02Q UT WOS:000080429200019 ER PT S AU Sundaram, SK AF Sundaram, SK BE Sundaram, SK Bickford, DF Hornyak, EJ TI Refractory corrosion in processing of mixed-waste glass melt usng a DC plasma arc melter SO ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF GLASS AND CERAMICS SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Materials corrosion in processing of mixed-wastes in a bench-scale DC plasma are melter was studied in normal and reverse modes. Normal mode is defined as using the top-entering electrode as a cathode; reverse mode is using a top-entering electrode as an anode. Six different refractory candidate materials: C104, Nuline R20, Ruby, ZS 1500, Monofrax K3, and aluminum nitride (AlN) were used. The radius loss values after the test at the glass line, as well as half-down location, were reported as corrosion. The results indicated the normal mode of operation resulted in efficient and steady processing with lower plenum temperature. Electrode corrosion in reverse mode of operation was higher due to the enhanced oxidation of graphite at higher plenum temperatures. Corrosion of the refractories that survived the tests was generally less in normal mode of operation, except the case of AlN. AlN was the material least corroded under the processing conditions. Higher metal retrieved in the reverse mode of operation indicated cathodic reduction of iron in the melt. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sundaram, SK (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-062-9 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 92 BP 277 EP 289 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Ceramics SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA BN02Q UT WOS:000080429200020 ER PT J AU McGraw, JM Bahn, CS Parilla, PA Perkins, JD Readey, DW Ginley, DS AF McGraw, JM Bahn, CS Parilla, PA Perkins, JD Readey, DW Ginley, DS TI Li ion diffusion measurements in V2O5 and Li(Co1-xAlx)O-2 thin-film battery cathodes SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE pulsed laser deposition; chronoamperometry; thin film; Li diffusion; amorphous; crystalline; V2O5; LiCoO2; LiCo0.5Al0.5O2 ID ELECTROCHEMICAL LITHIUM INTERCALATION; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; SOLID-SOLUTION; LIXCOO2; LICOO2; ELECTRODE; STABILITY; DEINTERCALATION; IDENTIFICATION; INSERTION AB Thin films of V2O5 and LiCoO2 were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and the chemical diffusion coefficients, (D) over tilde were measured by potentiostatic intermittent titration technique (PITT). The PLD-grown V2O5 and LiCoO2 films are electrochemically similar to bulk powders and thin films produced by other techniques. In crystalline V2O5, the maximum and minimum (D) over tilde were found to be 1.7 x 10(-12) cm(2) s(-1) and 5.8 x 10(-15) cm(2) s(-1) respectively, with a general trend for a to rise in single-phase regions. In amorphous VzQS films, D was initially 5 x 10(-13) cm(2) s(-1) and decreased steadily to 1.2 x 10(-13) cm(2) s(-1) at Li0.4V2O5 The decrease in (D) over tilde then became more gradual with a final value of 5.52 x 10(-14) cm(2) s(-1) at Li1.5V2O5 The chemical diffusion coefficient of Li in LiCoO2 films ranged from 1 x 10(-12)-4 x 10(-11) cm(2) s(-1) with a pronounced minimum at Li0.7CoO2 Thin films of LiCo0.5Al0.5O2 also deposited by PLD exhibited limited cycling capabilities and an upper bound of (D) over tilde=9 x 10(-13) cm(2) s(-1). Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ginley, DS (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 47 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 5 U2 61 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1999 VL 45 IS 1-2 BP 187 EP 196 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00203-0 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 254EZ UT WOS:000083600100016 ER PT J AU Kostecki, R Kong, FP Matsuo, Y McLarnon, F AF Kostecki, R Kong, FP Matsuo, Y McLarnon, F TI Interfacial studies of a thin-film Li2Mn4O9 electrode SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE interfacial films; manganese oxide electrode ID LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES; CELLS; DISSOLUTION; TEMPERATURE; DISCHARGE; LIMN2O4; SPINELS AB A thin-film spinel Li2Mn4O9 electrode was prepared by spin coating onto a Pt substrate, Spectroscopic ellipsometry, X-ray diffraction and current-sensing atomic force microscopy (CSAFM) were used to characterize interfacial processes and film formation at this electrode in the presence of 1.0 M LiPF6, EC:DMC (1:1 by volume) electrolyte. Prolonged exposure of the film to the electrolyte at ambient temperature resulted in spontaneous decomposition of the spinel to lambda-MnO2 without disruption of the original structure. The surface of the resulting lambda-MnO2 film exhibited no significant change in morphology, however a thin passive electrode surface layer was detected by the CSAFM probe. This electrode surface layer exhibited insulating properties and most likely contained Li2O, a by-product of Li2Mn4O9 decomposition. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kostecki, R (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 26 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1999 VL 45 IS 1-2 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00206-6 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 254EZ UT WOS:000083600100019 ER PT J AU Balasubramanian, M Melendres, CA AF Balasubramanian, M Melendres, CA TI An X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy study of the oxidation state of chromium in electrodeposited oxide films SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE X-ray absorption spectroscopy; nickel oxide films; thin films; metal ion incorporation and chromium oxides ID NICKEL-HYDROXIDE; PASSIVE FILM; CR(VI) AB The oxidation state of chromium incorporated into simulated corrosion films of nickel has been investigated using the technique of 'in situ' X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy (XANES). The films were prepared by electrochemical deposition of the appropriate oxide (hydroxide) onto a graphite substrate. Cathodic deposition from a 0.01 M Cr(NO3)(3) solution at constant current results in a Cr3+ oxide (hydroxide) film. deposition from a 0.01 M K2CrO4 solution produces a film which is predominantly Cr3+ but With some Cr6+. This material is air-sensitive and the ratio of Cr6+ to Cr3+ increases with time of exposure to ambient. Cathodic rcodeposition of Cr3+ with nickel hydroxide from Cr(NO3)(3) solution results in a film with chromium in the 3; oxidation state. On the other hand, cathodic codeposition from a Cr6+ solution of K2CrO4 with nickel hydroxide leads to a film containing Cr6+. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Melendres, CA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1999 VL 44 IS 17 BP 2941 EP 2945 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00012-2 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 186NP UT WOS:000079736100013 ER PT J AU Michalak, F von Rottkay, K Richardson, T Slack, J Rubin, M AF Michalak, F von Rottkay, K Richardson, T Slack, J Rubin, M TI Electrochromic lithium nickel oxide thin films by RF-sputtering from a LiNiO2 target SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Meeting on Electrochromics (IME-3) CY SEP 07-09, 1998 CL IMPERIAL COLL, LONDON, ENGLAND HO IMPERIAL COLL DE electrochromic lithium nickel oxide; anodic coloration; counter-electrode; color neutral ID OPTICAL INDEXES; ELECTRODES; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; LIXNI2-XO2; ORDER AB Thin films of lithium nickel oxide were deposited by rf sputtering from a stoichiometric LiNiO2 target. The films exhibit excellent reversibility in the potential range 1.1 to 3.8 V versus Li/Li+ and could be cycled in a liquid electrolyte half cell with a switching range Delta T-Photopic close to 70%. The photopic coloration efficiency of this anodically coloring material was typically -30 to -40 cm(2) C-1. The switching performance of a device utilizing a lithium nickel oxide film as counter electrode and a tungsten oxide electrochromic film is reported. The device switched from 75% photopic transmittance to 2%, with color neutrality and a coloration efficiency of 65 cm(2) C-1. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rubin, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1999 VL 44 IS 18 BP 3085 EP 3092 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00024-9 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 205PV UT WOS:000080830500014 ER PT J AU von Rottkay, K Rubin, M Michalak, F Armitage, R Richardson, T Slack, J Duine, PA AF von Rottkay, K Rubin, M Michalak, F Armitage, R Richardson, T Slack, J Duine, PA TI Effect of hydrogen insertion on the optical properties of Pd-coated magnesium lanthanides SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Meeting on Electrochromics (IME-3) CY SEP 07-09, 1998 CL IMPERIAL COLL, LONDON, ENGLAND HO IMPERIAL COLL DE gadolinium magnesium; samarium magnesium; electrochromic hydride; switchable mirror; optical constants ID FILMS AB Metallic magnesium lanthanide thin films upon insertion of hydrogen transform to a highly transparent hydride phase. With a Pd overlayer, the transformation can be produced either by electrochemical insertion of hydrogen or by exposing the film to hydrogen gas. Unlike amorphous oxide electrochromics, the transformation is accompanied by a; large change in visible reflectance (about 50%). The optical switching effect in these materials is investigated in terms of changes in the complex refractive index as determined by variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometric and normal-incidence radiometric measurements over the solar spectrum. Furthermore the optical effect of converting the Pd cap-layer to Pd-H was determined. It is shown that the Pd layer limits the visible transmittance of the hydrided stack to about 35-40%. Whereas the extinction coefficient of the dehydrided LnMg-layers at 550 nm is between 2.2 and 3.1, it is as low as 10(-4) in the transparent state. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Philips Res Labs, NL-5656 AA Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Rubin, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1999 VL 44 IS 18 BP 3093 EP 3100 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00025-0 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 205PV UT WOS:000080830500015 ER PT J AU Lee, SH Cheong, HM Tracy, CE Mascarenhas, A Benson, DK Deb, SK AF Lee, SH Cheong, HM Tracy, CE Mascarenhas, A Benson, DK Deb, SK TI Raman spectroscopic studies of electrochromic a-WO3 SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Meeting on Electrochromics (IME-3) CY SEP 07-09, 1998 CL IMPERIAL COLL, LONDON, ENGLAND HO IMPERIAL COLL DE electrochromism; WO3 films; Raman; lithium insertion; isotope ID THIN-FILMS; TUNGSTEN-OXIDE; COLOR-CENTERS AB We report on the effect of electrochromic coloration on the Raman spectra of evaporated and sputtered a-WO3-y films. The Raman spectra of as-deposited films show two strong peaks at 770 and 950 cm(-1) due to vibrations of the W6+-O and W6+=O bonds, respectively, and a weaker peak at 220 cm(-1) that we attribute to the vibrations of the W4+-O bonds. When lithium or hydrogen ions are inserted, extra Raman peaks due to W5+-O and W5+=O bonds appear at 330 and 450 cm(-1), respectively. Comparison of the Raman spectra of sputtered a-(WO3-y)-O-16 and a-(WO3-y)-O-18 isotopic films confirms these assignments. We conclude that the as-deposited films contain mainly the W4+ and W6+ states, and the W5+ states are generated as a result of reduction of the W6+ states when ions are inserted. We propose that the electrochromism in a-WO3-y films originates from reduction of the W6+ states to W5+ due to the double insertion/extraction of ions and electrons and the optical absorption in the colored films is caused by transitions between the W6+ and W5+, and W5+ and W4+ states. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Lee, Sehee/A-5989-2011; Cheong, Hyeonsik/D-7424-2012 OI Cheong, Hyeonsik/0000-0002-2347-4044 NR 14 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1999 VL 44 IS 18 BP 3111 EP 3115 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00027-4 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 205PV UT WOS:000080830500017 ER PT J AU Tracy, CE Zhang, JG Benson, DK Czanderna, AW Deb, SK AF Tracy, CE Zhang, JG Benson, DK Czanderna, AW Deb, SK TI Accelerated durability testing of electrochromic windows SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Meeting on Electrochromics (IME-3) CY SEP 07-09, 1998 CL IMPERIAL COLL, LONDON, ENGLAND HO IMPERIAL COLL DE electrochromic windows; accelerated life testing; durability; energy savings; degradation factors AB Prototype electrochromic windows made by several different US companies have been tested in our laboratory for their long-term durability. Samples were subjected to alternate coloring and bleaching voltage cycles while exposed to simulated 1-sun irradiance in a temperature-controlled environmental chamber with low relative humidity. The samples inside the chamber were tested under a matrix of different conditions. These conditions include: cycling at different temperatures (65, 85 and 107 degrees C) under the irradiance, cycling versus no-cycling under the same irradiance and temperature, testing with different voltage waveforms and duty cycles with the same irradiance and temperature, cycling under various filtered irradiance intensities, and simple thermal exposure with no irradiance or cycling. The electro-optical characteristics of the samples were measured between 350 and 1,100 nm every 4,000 cycles for up to 20,000 cycles. Photographs of the samples were taken periodically with a digital camera to record cosmetic defects, the extent of residual coloration, and overall coloration and bleaching uniformity of the samples. Our results indicate that the most important cause of degradation is the combination of continuous cycling, elevated temperature and irradiance. The relative importance of these variables, when considered synergistically or separately, depends on the particular device materials and design. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Tracy, CE (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 11 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1999 VL 44 IS 18 BP 3195 EP 3202 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00037-7 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 205PV UT WOS:000080830500027 ER PT J AU Lee, SJ Mukerjee, S Ticianelli, EA McBreen, J AF Lee, SJ Mukerjee, S Ticianelli, EA McBreen, J TI Electrocatalysis of CO tolerance in hydrogen oxidation reaction in PEM fuel cells SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE PEM fuel cells; CO tolerance; hydrogen oxidation; CO oxidation; electrocatalysis ID ROTATING-DISK ELECTRODE; PT-RU; CARBON-MONOXIDE; ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION; REFLECTION SPECTROSCOPY; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; ELECTROOXIDATION; METHANOL; ADSORPTION; ALLOYS AB The electrocatalysis of CO tolerance in the hydrogen oxidation reaction was investigated for Pt/C, PtSn/C and PtRu/C electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Both half and single cell polarization characteristics were studied at several temperatures and CO partial pressures. It is proposed that the CO adsorption step occurs predominantly through a displacement path for PtSn/C and through a free site attack path for CO on both Pt/C and PtRu/C. The data are more consistent with the participation of linear (PtSn/C, and PtRu/C [T less than or equal to 55 degrees C]) and bridged bonded adsorbed CO on Pt/C and PtRu/C [T greater than or equal to 70 degrees C]. The CO oxidation process occurs at different potentials depending on the nature of the electrode material. The oxidation of CO by the alloy catalysts is not the only contributor to CO tolerance. Changes in the thermodynamics and the kinetics of the CO adsorption process, induced by the alloy catalysts, also contribute to CO tolerance. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McBreen, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Ticianelli, Edson/D-1560-2012 OI Ticianelli, Edson/0000-0003-3432-2799 NR 27 TC 197 Z9 210 U1 5 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1999 VL 44 IS 19 BP 3283 EP 3293 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00052-3 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 201PJ UT WOS:000080603700001 ER PT B AU Giles, JC AF Giles, JC GP EMC EMC TI Use of nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) simulators for protection of civil systems against other electromagnetic threats SO ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY 1999 SUPPLEMENT - TUTORIAL LECTURES, WORKSHOPS, OPEN MEETINGS AND ADVERTISEMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Zurich Symposium and Technical Exhibition on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY FEB 16-18, 1999 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss Electrotech Assoc, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Commun Technol Lab AB During the Cold War, the United States, the Soviet Union, and several other countries built large test facilities to ensure that critical military systems would continue to function in the event of intense electromagnetic pulses created by high-altitude nuclear explosions. Many of these mammoth test facilities, developed at large expense to the national defense budgets, have been decommissioned or sit idle as a result of successful EMP hardening of these military systems and the end of the Cold War. However, the nuclear EMP threat has not gone away, and new EM threats have emerged. Some of these rest facilities could be useful as tools for hardening civil electronic systems against such new electromagnetic threats as terrorist use of high-power microwave or ultra-wideband radiating systems. Subcommittee 77C of the International Electrotechnical Commission (TEC) plans to develop a compendium of technical information about worldwide EMP simulators that have applicability for electromagnetic compatibility tests in general as well as these new electromagnetic threats. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Giles, JC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ETH ZENTRUM-IKT PI ZURICH PA 8092 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND BN 3-9521199-4-6 PY 1999 BP 195 EP 200 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BR53L UT WOS:000166725600022 ER PT B AU Arko, AJ Joyce, JJ Sarrao, J Fisk, Z Smith, JL Thompson, JD Hundley, M Menovsky, A Tahvildar-Zadeh, A Jarrell, MA AF Arko, AJ Joyce, JJ Sarrao, J Fisk, Z Smith, JL Thompson, JD Hundley, M Menovsky, A Tahvildar-Zadeh, A Jarrell, MA BE Gonis, A Kioussis, N Ciftan, M TI Photoemission in strongly correlated crystalline f-electron systems: A need for a new approach SO ELECTRON CORRELATIONS AND MATERIALS PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Electron Correlations and Materials Properties CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 1998 CL IRAKLION, GREECE SP CA St Univ Northridge, USA Res Off, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Los Alamos Natl Laab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Mat Res Inst, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID HEAVY-FERMION SYSTEMS; INVARIANT PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTRA; DILUTE MAGNETIC-ALLOYS; LOW-ENERGY EXCITATIONS; LARGE-N EXPANSION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; KONDO RESONANCE; ANDERSON MODEL; SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE; CERIUM COMPOUNDS C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Arko, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 88 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46282-6 PY 1999 BP 33 EP 58 PG 26 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BP38P UT WOS:000084944800002 ER PT B AU Lawson, AC Cort, B Roberts, JA Bennett, BI Brun, TO Von Dreele, RB AF Lawson, AC Cort, B Roberts, JA Bennett, BI Brun, TO Von Dreele, RB BE Gonis, A Kioussis, N Ciftan, M TI Lattice effects in the light actinides SO ELECTRON CORRELATIONS AND MATERIALS PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Electron Correlations and Materials Properties CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 1998 CL IRAKLION, GREECE SP CA St Univ Northridge, USA Res Off, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Los Alamos Natl Laab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Mat Res Inst, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; ELEMENTS; PRINCIPLES; PLUTONIUM; URANIUM C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lawson, AC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46282-6 PY 1999 BP 75 EP 96 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BP38P UT WOS:000084944800004 ER PT B AU Soderholm, L Staub, U AF Soderholm, L Staub, U BE Gonis, A Kioussis, N Ciftan, M TI The role of selected f ions in the suppression of high-T-c superconductivity SO ELECTRON CORRELATIONS AND MATERIALS PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Electron Correlations and Materials Properties CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 1998 CL IRAKLION, GREECE SP CA St Univ Northridge, USA Res Off, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Los Alamos Natl Laab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Mat Res Inst, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID INELASTIC-NEUTRON-SCATTERING; NORMAL STATE PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; OXIDATION-STATE; GROUND-STATE; THIN-FILMS; PR; PRBA2CU3O7; ORDER; RARE C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Soderholm, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Staub, Urs/C-4914-2015 NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46282-6 PY 1999 BP 115 EP 135 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BP38P UT WOS:000084944800006 ER PT B AU Gonis, A Schulthess, TC Turchi, PEA AF Gonis, A Schulthess, TC Turchi, PEA BE Gonis, A Kioussis, N Ciftan, M TI The two-particle picture and electronic structure calculations SO ELECTRON CORRELATIONS AND MATERIALS PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Electron Correlations and Materials Properties CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 1998 CL IRAKLION, GREECE SP CA St Univ Northridge, USA Res Off, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Los Alamos Natl Laab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Mat Res Inst, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-353, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46282-6 PY 1999 BP 381 EP 392 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BP38P UT WOS:000084944800022 ER PT B AU Turchi, PEA Gonis, A Kioussis, N Price, DL Cooper, BR AF Turchi, PEA Gonis, A Kioussis, N Price, DL Cooper, BR BE Gonis, A Kioussis, N Ciftan, M TI Correlation effects on stability in Pu metal and its alloys SO ELECTRON CORRELATIONS AND MATERIALS PROPERTIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Workshop on Electron Correlations and Materials Properties CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 1998 CL IRAKLION, GREECE SP CA St Univ Northridge, USA Res Off, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Los Alamos Natl Laab, Glenn T Seaborg Inst, Mat Res Inst, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab ID CALCULATED LATTICE-RELAXATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; APPROXIMATION; LOCALIZATION; PLUTONIUM; SYSTEMS; GA C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Turchi, PEA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-353,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-46282-6 PY 1999 BP 531 EP 537 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BP38P UT WOS:000084944800033 ER PT S AU Mitchell, TE Dickerson, RM Misra, A AF Mitchell, TE Dickerson, RM Misra, A BE Kiely, CJ TI Unusual incommensurate, modulated and disordered structures in refractory metal disilicides SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 1999 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biennial Meeting of the Electron-Microscopy-and-Analysis-Group of the Institute of Physics (EMAG 99) CY AUG 24-27, 1999 CL UNIV SHEFFIELD, SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys, Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp, Royal Microscop Soc, Inst Mat HO UNIV SHEFFIELD AB Most of the refractory metal disilicides are metallic and have C11(b), C40 or C54 structures. The Group VII disilicides are unusual in that they are semi-conductors, they are silicon-deficient, and they have a stoichiometry close to MSi1.75 (M = Mn, Tc, Re). In addition MnSi2-x has been found to exhibit incommensurate structures and Nowotny "chimney-ladder" structures based on the C54 TiSi2 unit cell. Recently we have found that melt-processed ReSi2-x exhibits similar incommensurate structures except that these are based on the tetragonal C11(b) MoSi2 structure. The incommensurate periodicity gives rise to orthorhombic and monoclinic distortions. Annealing at 1250 degrees C leads to the formation of a commensurate structure with a monoclinic unit cell four times the size of the C11(b) unit cell. On the other hand, ReSi2-x films formed by reactive deposition on Si substrates at 650 degrees C are epitaxial and have the C11(b) structure; however, they contain a very high density of (001) faults which are apparently formed by the collapse of vacant Si planes. By comparison, (Mo-0.6,R-0.4)Si2-x films, formed in the same way and also epitaxial, have a highly regular modulated structure (possibly spinodal) with sinusoidal variations of the Mo/Re ratio normal to the substrate. These phenomena have been studied by electron diffraction, high resolution electron microscopy and EDS techniques. The phenomena are tied strongly to the difficulty of accommodating the high density of structural Si vacancies, leading to a series of metastable "frustrated" structures. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mitchell, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0577-0 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1999 IS 161 BP 23 EP 28 PG 6 WC Crystallography; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Microscopy; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Microscopy; Physics GA BQ56M UT WOS:000088782800004 ER PT S AU Keast, VJ Misra, A Kung, H Mitchell, TE Humphreys, CJ AF Keast, VJ Misra, A Kung, H Mitchell, TE Humphreys, CJ BE Kiely, CJ TI Compositional mapping of nanoscale metallic multilayers: a comparison of techniques SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 1999 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biennial Meeting of the Electron-Microscopy-and-Analysis-Group of the Institute of Physics (EMAG 99) CY AUG 24-27, 1999 CL UNIV SHEFFIELD, SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys, Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp, Royal Microscop Soc, Inst Mat HO UNIV SHEFFIELD ID RESOLUTION; CU AB Cu/Cr and Cu/Nb nanoscale multilayers have been studied with the different analytical techniques available in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Compositional maps were acquired using X-ray mapping, electron energy-loss spectrum imaging and energy filtered STEM. Maps with a spatial resolution of better than 1.5 nm are easily obtained with all of these techniques. Such maps suggest that, even when the layer spacings are reduced to (similar to)1.5 nm and the Cu is in a metastable bcc phase, the layers in the structure remain compositionally discrete. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Keast, VJ (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Pembroke St, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. RI Misra, Amit/H-1087-2012 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0577-0 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1999 IS 161 BP 211 EP 214 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Microscopy; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Microscopy; Physics GA BQ56M UT WOS:000088782800049 ER PT S AU Nellist, PD Pennycook, SJ AF Nellist, PD Pennycook, SJ BE Kiely, CJ TI Subangstrom resolution imaging using annular dark-field STEM SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 1999 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biennial Meeting of the Electron-Microscopy-and-Analysis-Group of the Institute of Physics (EMAG 99) CY AUG 24-27, 1999 CL UNIV SHEFFIELD, SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys, Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp, Royal Microscop Soc, Inst Mat HO UNIV SHEFFIELD ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; INCOHERENT AB Annular dark-field STEM is shown to be extremely robust to the effects of chromatic aberration, allowing transfer to below 1 angstrom using underfocus to counteract the effects of spherical aberration. It is shown that the effect of chromatic focus spread is to impose an upper limit to the transfer function that is proportional to the reciprocal of spatial frequency, which is a much less severe truncation of information in reciprocal space than for conventional high-resolution TEM. C1 Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nanoscale Phys Res Lab, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Nellist, PD (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nanoscale Phys Res Lab, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0577-0 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1999 IS 161 BP 315 EP 318 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Microscopy; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Microscopy; Physics GA BQ56M UT WOS:000088782800074 ER PT S AU de Abajo, FJG Howie, A AF de Abajo, FJG Howie, A BE Kiely, CJ TI Electron spectroscopy from outside - aloof beam or near field? SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 1999 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biennial Meeting of the Electron-Microscopy-and-Analysis-Group of the Institute of Physics (EMAG 99) CY AUG 24-27, 1999 CL UNIV SHEFFIELD, SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys, Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp, Royal Microscop Soc, Inst Mat HO UNIV SHEFFIELD ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; PHOTON-EMISSION; NANOPARTICLES; DIELECTRICS AB Relativistic computations for both aloof beam energy loss and radiation loss spectra are presented for dielectric spheres and wedges. In structures as large as 5nm the mode frequencies are appreciably affected by retardation effects. We briefly discuss the connection with near field optical spectroscopy where the presence of the scanned probe further complicates the dielectric geometry. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. RP de Abajo, FJG (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Garcia de Abajo, Javier/A-6095-2009 OI Garcia de Abajo, Javier/0000-0002-4970-4565 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0577-0 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1999 IS 161 BP 327 EP 330 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Microscopy; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Microscopy; Physics GA BQ56M UT WOS:000088782800077 ER PT S AU Wellner, A Brown, P Aindow, M Kiely, CJ Wilcoxon, JP AF Wellner, A Brown, P Aindow, M Kiely, CJ Wilcoxon, JP BE Kiely, CJ TI Observations of non-close-packed arrangements in multilayers of passivated gold clusters SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS 1999 SE INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Biennial Meeting of the Electron-Microscopy-and-Analysis-Group of the Institute of Physics (EMAG 99) CY AUG 24-27, 1999 CL UNIV SHEFFIELD, SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND SP Inst Phys, Electron Microscopy & Anal Grp, Royal Microscop Soc, Inst Mat HO UNIV SHEFFIELD ID NANOCRYSTAL SUPERLATTICES; SELF-ORGANIZATION; GRAPHITE; SURFACE AB The stacking of second and third layers of supercrystals of self-assembled passivated gold nanoparticles has been investigated using transmission electron microscopy. We report for the first time nanoparticles occupying the twofold saddle site in the third layer. C1 Univ Birmingham, Nanoscale Phys Res Lab, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Birmingham, Sch Met & Mat, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Liverpool, Dept Engn, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Sandia Natl Labs, Nanostruct & Adv Mat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wellner, A (reprint author), Univ Birmingham, Nanoscale Phys Res Lab, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RI Kiely, Christopher/B-1959-2008; Aindow, Mark/E-5282-2010 OI Aindow, Mark/0000-0001-6617-1409 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TECHNO HOUSE, REDCLIFFE WAY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6NX SN 0951-3248 BN 0-7503-0577-0 J9 INST PHYS CONF SER PY 1999 IS 161 BP 561 EP 564 PG 4 WC Crystallography; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Microscopy; Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Crystallography; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Microscopy; Physics GA BQ56M UT WOS:000088782800134 ER PT J AU Sutin, N AF Sutin, N TI Electron transfer reactions in solution: A historical perspective SO ELECTRON TRANSFER-FROM ISOLATED MOLECULES TO BIOMOLECULES, PT 1 SE ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ENERGY-GAP LAW; EXCITED-STATE DECAY; CHARGE-TRANSFER; DISTANCE DEPENDENCE; POLAR-SOLVENTS; POLYPYRIDINE COMPLEXES; BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES; METAL-COMPLEXES; QUANTUM-THEORY; ION-PAIRS C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sutin, N (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 149 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0065-2385 J9 ADV CHEM PHYS PY 1999 VL 106 BP 7 EP 33 DI 10.1002/9780470141656.ch2 PG 27 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BM63V UT WOS:000079317500003 ER PT S AU Newton, MD AF Newton, MD BE Jortner, J Bixon, M TI Control of electron transfer kinetics: Models for medium reorganization and donor-acceptor coupling SO ELECTRON TRANSFER-FROM ISOLATED MOLECULES TO BIOMOLECULES, PT 1 SE Advances in Chemical Physics LA English DT Review ID TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; POLARIZABLE CONTINUUM MODEL; CHARGE-TRANSFER; FREE-ENERGY; MATRIX-ELEMENTS; NONEQUILIBRIUM SOLVATION; SOLVENT REORGANIZATION; BLOCK DIAGONALIZATION; DISTANCE DEPENDENCE; DIELECTRIC FUNCTION C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Newton, MD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 157 TC 119 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0065-2385 BN 0-471-25292-1 J9 ADV CHEM PHYS JI Adv. Chem. Phys. PY 1999 VL 106 BP 303 EP 375 DI 10.1002/9780470141656.ch7 PG 73 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BM63V UT WOS:000079317500008 ER PT J AU Thomas, DH Rakestraw, DJ Schoeniger, JS Lopez-Avila, V Van Emon, J AF Thomas, DH Rakestraw, DJ Schoeniger, JS Lopez-Avila, V Van Emon, J TI Selective trace enrichment by immunoaffinity capillary electrochromatography on-line with capillary zone electrophoresis - laser-induced fluorescence SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE immunoaffinity; capillary; electrochromatography; miniaturization ID AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ISOTACHOPHORESIS; PRECONCENTRATION; PRETREATMENT; IMMUNOASSAY; BINDING AB Limited by the lack of a sensitive, universal detector, many capillary-based liquid-phase separation techniques might benefit from techniques that overcome modest concentration sensitivity by preconcentrating large injection volumes. The work presented employs selective solid-phase extraction by immunoaffinity capillary electrochromatography (IACEC) to enhance detection limits. A model analyte, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) biotin, is electrokinetically applied to a capillary column packed with an immobilized anti-biotin-IgG support. After selective extraction by the immunoaffinity capillary, the bound analyte is eluted, migrates by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), and is detected by laser-induced fluorescence. The column is regenerated and reused many times. We evaluate the performance of IACEC for selective trace enrichment of analytes prior to CZE. The calibration curve for FITC-biotin bound versus application time is linear from 10 to 300 seconds. Recovery of FITC-biotin spiked into a diluted urinary metabolites solution was 89.4% Versus spiked buffer, with a precision of 1.8% relative standard deviation (RSD). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Midwest Res Inst, Calif Operat, Mt View, CA USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Human Exposure Res Branch, Las Vegas, NV 89193 USA. RP Schoeniger, JS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969 MS 9671, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM jsschoe@sandia.gov NR 30 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JAN PY 1999 VL 20 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2683(19990101)20:1<57::AID-ELPS57>3.3.CO;2-A PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 165PR UT WOS:000078530600010 PM 10065959 ER PT J AU Li, J Fritz, JS AF Li, J Fritz, JS TI Nonaqueous media for separation of nonionic organic compounds by capillary electrophoresis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE anionic surfactant; capillary electrophoresis; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon separation; solvophobic interaction ID DANSYL-AMINO-ACIDS; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; N-METHYLFORMAMIDE; CHIRAL SEPARATION; METABOLITES; SURFACTANTS; MOLECULES; SOLVENTS; ANIONS AB For the separation of neutral compounds by micellar electrokinetic chromatography, separations are usually carried out in predominantly aqueous solution in order to preserve the charged micelle necessary for the separation. We now show that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds can be separated efficiently by capillary electrophoresis in pure methanol or in aqueous-organic mixtures containing a high percentage of methanol. Sodium tetradecyl sulfate was the preferred surfactant. The effects of pH, solvent composition, surfactant structure, and surfactant concentration on the separations were studied. Reproducible migration times and linear calibration plots were obtained. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Fritz, JS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, 332 Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM kniss@ameslab.gov NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JAN PY 1999 VL 20 IS 1 BP 84 EP 91 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2683(19990101)20:1<84::AID-ELPS84>3.3.CO;2-M PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 165PR UT WOS:000078530600014 PM 10065963 ER PT B AU Leyens, C Wright, IG Pint, BA AF Leyens, C Wright, IG Pint, BA BE Hampikian, JM Dahotre, NB TI Hot corrosion of nickel-base alloys in biomass derived fuel simulated atmosphere SO ELEVATED TEMPERATURE COATINGS: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Elevated Temperature Coatings - Science and Technology III, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Proc & Mfg Div, Surf Modificat & Coatings Technol Comm, Joint TMS/ASM, Struct Mat Div, Corros & Environm Effects Comm ID GASIFICATION AB Biomass fuels are considered to be a promising renewable source of energy. However, impurities present in the fuel may cause corrosion problems with the materials used in the hot sections of gas turbines and only limited data are available so far. As part of the Advanced Turbine Systems Program initiated by the U.S. Department of Energy, the present study provides initial data on the hot corrosion resistance of different nickel-base alloys against sodium sulfate-induced corrosion as a baseline, and against salt compositions simulating biomass-derived fuel deposits. Single crystal nickel-superalloy Rene N5, a cast NiCrAlY alloy, a NiCoCrAlY alloy representing industrially used overlay compositions, and a model beta-NiAl+Hf alloy were tested in Ih thermal cycles at 950 degrees C with different salt coatings deposited onto the surfaces. Whereas the NiCoCrAlY alloy exhibited reasonable resistance against pure sodium sulfate deposits, the NiCrAlY alloy and Rene N5 were attacked severely. Although considered to be an 'ideal' alumina former in air and oxygen at higher temperatures, beta-NiAl+Hf also suffered from rapid corrosion attack at 950 degrees C when coated with sodium sulfate. The higher level of potassium present in biomass fuels compared with conventional fuels was addressed by testing a NiCoCrAlY alloy coated with salts of different K/Na atomic ratios. Starting at zero Na, the corrosion rate increased considerably when sodium was added to potassium sulfate. In an intermediate region the corrosion rate was initially insensitive to the K/Na ratio but accelerated when very Na-rich compositions were deposited. The key driver for corrosion of the NiCoCrAlY alloy was sodium sulfate rather than potassium sulfate, and no simple additive or synergistic effect of combining sodium and potassium was found. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-421-6 PY 1999 BP 79 EP 90 PG 12 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BM93K UT WOS:000080184400007 ER PT B AU Haynes, JA Zhang, Y Lee, WY Pint, BA Wright, IG Cooley, KM AF Haynes, JA Zhang, Y Lee, WY Pint, BA Wright, IG Cooley, KM BE Hampikian, JM Dahotre, NB TI Effects of platinum additions and sulfur impurities on the microstructure and scale adhesion behavior of single-phase CVD aluminide bond coatings SO ELEVATED TEMPERATURE COATINGS: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Elevated Temperature Coatings - Science and Technology III, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Proc & Mfg Div, Surf Modificat & Coatings Technol Comm, Joint TMS/ASM, Struct Mat Div, Corros & Environm Effects Comm ID OXIDATION; SEGREGATION; ELEMENTS; GROWTH; ALLOYS AB The adhesion of alumina scales to aluminide bond coats is a life-limiting factor for some advanced thermal barrier coating systems. This study investigated the effects of aluminide bond coat sulfur and platinum contents on alumina scale adhesion and coating microstructural evolution during isothermal and cyclic oxidation testing at 1150 degrees C. Low-sulfur NiAl and NiPtAl bond coats were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Lowering the sulfur contents of CVD NiAl bond coatings significantly improved scale adhesion, but localized scale spallation eventually initiated along coating grain boundaries. Further improvements in scale adhesion were obtained with Pt additions. The observed influences of Pt additions included: (1) mitigation of the detrimental effects of high sulfur levels, (2) drastic reductions in void growth along the scale-metal interface, (3) alteration of the oxide-metal interface morphology, and (4) elimination of Ta-rich oxides in the Al2O3 scales during thermal cycling. The results of this study also suggested that the microstructure (especially the grain size) of CVD aluminide bond coatings plays a significant role in scale adhesion. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Haynes, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 23 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-421-6 PY 1999 BP 185 EP 196 PG 12 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BM93K UT WOS:000080184400017 ER PT B AU Hanrahan, RJ Butt, DP Chen, KC Taylor, TN Maggiore, CJ Thoma, DJ AF Hanrahan, RJ Butt, DP Chen, KC Taylor, TN Maggiore, CJ Thoma, DJ BE Hampikian, JM Dahotre, NB TI High temperature oxidation of Ni-50(Al,Be)(50) SO ELEVATED TEMPERATURE COATINGS: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Elevated Temperature Coatings - Science and Technology III, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Proc & Mfg Div, Surf Modificat & Coatings Technol Comm, Joint TMS/ASM, Struct Mat Div, Corros & Environm Effects Comm ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; GRAIN-BOUNDARY; MORPHOLOGY; CHEMISTRY; BEHAVIOR AB The effect of Be on the high temperature oxidation of NiAl has been investigated. From 1 to 10% Be was substituted for Al on a 1 to 1 atomic basis. Oxidation experiments were conducted in pure oxygen or air. TGA studies were conducted at from 800 to 1200 degrees C for 16 hours. Isothermal and cyclic exposures were run in air. In addition to thermogravimetry, post exposure analysis involved scanning electron microscopy of the intact scales, x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. At every temperature tested the Be modified NiAl containing 1,2,or 5 atomic %Be exhibited lower weight gain and comparable or slower oxidation rates than the pure binary material. The surfaces of the Be modified specimens showed minimal topography, with no evidence of the usual transient alumina phases grown on binary NiAl in this temperature range. X-ray diffraction and surface kanalysis showed the presence of layers of Al2O3 and ternary oxide phases, primarily BeO*Al2O3. The growth of this phase apparently prevents the growth of the transient alumina phases. Furthermore, it appears that the chrysoberyl phase is itself at least as protective as alpha - alumina. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hanrahan, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-421-6 PY 1999 BP 305 EP 315 PG 11 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BM93K UT WOS:000080184400027 ER PT S AU Goldsmith, JEM Berger, KW Bozman, DR Cardinale, GF Folk, DR Henderson, CC O'Connell, DJ Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Stewart, KD Tichenor, DA Chapman, HN Gaughan, R Hudyma, RM Montcalm, C Spiller, EA Taylor, JS Williams, JD Goldberg, KA Gullikson, EM Naulleau, P Cobb, JL AF Goldsmith, JEM Berger, KW Bozman, DR Cardinale, GF Folk, DR Henderson, CC O'Connell, DJ Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Stewart, KD Tichenor, DA Chapman, HN Gaughan, R Hudyma, RM Montcalm, C Spiller, EA Taylor, JS Williams, JD Goldberg, KA Gullikson, EM Naulleau, P Cobb, JL BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Sub-100-nm lithographic imaging with an EUV 10x microstepper SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies III CY MAR 15-17, 1999 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int DE EUV; extreme ultraviolet; lithography; microlithography; stepper; microstepper ID SYSTEM AB The capabilities of the EUV 10x microstepper have been substantially improved over the past year. The key enhancement was the development of a new projection optics system with reduced wavefront error (lambda(EUV)/20), reduced flare (<5%), and increased numerical aperture (0.088 round or 0.1x0.088 rectangular, interchangeable). These optics and concomitant developments in EUV reticles and photoresists have enabled dramatic improvements in EW imaging, illustrated by resolution of 70 nm dense (1:1) lines and spaces (L/S). CD linearity has been demonstrated for dense L/S over the range 200 nm to 80 nm, both for the imaging layer and for subsequent pattern transfer. For a +/-10% CD specification, we have demonstrated a process latitude of +/-0.8 mu m depth of focus and 10% dose range for dense 90 nm L/S, and +/-1 mu m depth of focus and 10% dose range for dense 100 nm L/S. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Goldsmith, JEM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 9409,POB 969, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3150-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3676 BP 264 EP 271 DI 10.1117/12.351097 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BN39S UT WOS:000081784400027 ER PT S AU Jeong, S Johnson, L Lin, Y Rekawa, S Yan, PY Kearney, PA Tejnil, E Underwood, JH Bokor, J AF Jeong, S Johnson, L Lin, Y Rekawa, S Yan, PY Kearney, PA Tejnil, E Underwood, JH Bokor, J BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Actinic EUVL mask blank defect inspection system SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies III CY MAR 15-17, 1999 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int DE lithography; mask; defect; inspection; roughness; phase defect ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY AB Recent experimental results from an actinic EUVL mask blank defect inspection system are presented. Bright-field and dark-field scans from various programmed defect samples are reported. Our results show that the current system can detect defects as small as 0.1 mu m. Substrate roughness is identified as the limitation to the detection sensitivity. A preliminary defect counting experiment is reported and future improvements for practical defect counting are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Jeong, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3150-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3676 BP 298 EP 308 DI 10.1117/12.351101 PN 1&2 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BN39S UT WOS:000081784400031 ER PT S AU Burkhart, S Cerjan, C Kearney, P Mirkarimi, P Walton, C Ray-Chaudhuri, A AF Burkhart, S Cerjan, C Kearney, P Mirkarimi, P Walton, C Ray-Chaudhuri, A BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Low-defect reflective mask blanks for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies III CY MAR 15-17, 1999 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int DE EUVL; EUV Lithography; masks; multilayer; defects ID IMAGING-SYSTEM AB Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) is an emerging technology(1) for fabrication of sub-100 nm feature sizes on silicon, following the SIA roadmap well into the 21st century. The specific EUVL system described is a scanned, projection lithography system with a 4:1 reduction, using a laser plasma EUV source. The mask and all of the system optics are reflective, multilayer mirrors which function in the extreme ultraviolet at 13.4 nm wavelength. Since the masks are imaged to the wafer exposure plane, mask defects greater than 80% of the exposure plane CD (for 4:1 reduction) will in many cases render the mask useless, whereas intervening optics can have defects which are not a printing problem. For the 100 nm node, we must reduce defects to less than 0.01/cm(2) @80nm or larger to obtain acceptable mask production yields. We have succeeded in reducing the defects to less than 0.1/cm(2) for defects larger than 130 nm detected by visible light inspection tools, however our program goal is to achieve 0.01/cm(2) in the near future. More importantly though, we plan to have a detailed understanding of defect origination and the effect on multilayer growth in order to mitigate defects below the 10(-2)/cm(2) level on the next generation of mask blank deposition systems. In this paper we will discuss issues and results from the ion-beam multilayer deposition tool, details of the defect detection and characterization facility, and progress on defect printability modeling. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Burkhart, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3150-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3676 BP 570 EP 577 DI 10.1117/12.351130 PN 1&2 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BN39S UT WOS:000081784400061 ER PT S AU Gianoulakis, SE Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Hector, SD AF Gianoulakis, SE Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Hector, SD BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Thermal management of EUV lithography masks using low expansion glass substrates SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies III CY MAR 15-17, 1999 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int ID ULTRAVIOLET AB Lithographic masks must maintain dimensional stability during exposure in a wafer stepper. In extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), multilayer coatings are deposited on a flat mask substrate to make the mask surface reflective at EUV wavelengths. About 40% of the incident EUV radiation is absorbed by the multilayer coating causing a temperature rise. The choice of mask substrate material affects dimensional stability due to thermal expansion and/or deformation [1]. Finite element modeling has been used to investigate the proper choice of mask substrate material and to explore the efficacy of various thermal management strategies. This modeling indicates that significant machine design and engineering challenges are necessary in order to employ Si as a mask substrate. Even if these challenges can be met, the thermal expansion of Si is likely to be too large to meet overlay error budgets for lithography at ground rules beyond the 100 nm technology node. ULE(TM) -a single phase, fused silica glass doped with titania-has near zero thermal expansion at the temperatures where EUV lithography is performed. Due to its small coefficient of thermal expansion, ULE(TM) does not undergo appreciable instantaneous or transient thermal expansion that results in image placement error. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Gianoulakis, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3150-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3676 BP 598 EP 605 DI 10.1117/12.351133 PN 1&2 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BN39S UT WOS:000081784400064 ER PT S AU Spector, SJ Luo, P Novembre, AE Ocola, L White, DL Tennant, DM Wood, OR AF Spector, SJ Luo, P Novembre, AE Ocola, L White, DL Tennant, DM Wood, OR BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Development of a technique for rapid at-wavelength inspection of EUV mask blanks SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies III CY MAR 15-17, 1999 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; DEFECTS AB We have dramatically increased the sensitivity of a technique for the rapid inspection of EUV multilayer-coated mask blanks. In this technique an EUV sensitive resist is applied directly to a mask blank which is then flood exposed with EUV light and partially developed. Reflectivity defects in the mask blank result in mounds in a partially developed positive resist that appear as high contrast objects in a standard Nomarski microscope. The use of a higher contrast resist is shown experimentally to result in the creation of dramatically taller mounds. A simple model for the exposure and development of the resist has been developed and the predictions of the model compare well with the experimental results. C1 AT&T Bell Labs, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Lucent Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Spector, SJ (reprint author), AT&T Bell Labs, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Lucent Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. OI Ocola, Leonidas/0000-0003-4990-1064 NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3150-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3676 BP 606 EP 614 DI 10.1117/12.351134 PN 1&2 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BN39S UT WOS:000081784400065 ER PT S AU Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Lee, S Chang, C Bresloff, C Gaughan, R Chapman, HN Goldsmith, J Bokor, J AF Goldberg, KA Naulleau, P Lee, S Chang, C Bresloff, C Gaughan, R Chapman, HN Goldsmith, J Bokor, J BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Direct comparison of EUV and visible-light interferometries SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies III CY MAR 15-17, 1999 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int DE interferometry; extreme ultraviolet lithography; EUV; surface figure measurement; point-diffraction interferometer; at-wavelength testing; Schwarzschild objective ID POINT DIFFRACTION INTERFEROMETRY; OPTICAL-SYSTEMS; ULTRAVIOLET; ACCURACY AB Recent experiments with four 10x EUV imaging systems provide the first direct comparisons of visible-light and at-wavelength EUV interferometries performed using the state-of-the-art measurement tools that will be used to assemble and align the next generation of EUV imaging systems. Measurements from four individual multilayer-coated Schwarzschild objectives are discussed. Favorable agreement has been achieved between EUV and visible-light system wavefront measurements in all four optical systems. Measurements made in the presence of surface contamination and multilayer thickness variation, however, do show expected localized differences between the two measurements. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Goldberg, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3150-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3676 BP 635 EP 642 DI 10.1117/12.351138 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BN39S UT WOS:000081784400068 ER PT S AU Kubiak, GD Bernardez, LJ Krenz, K Sweatt, WC AF Kubiak, GD Bernardez, LJ Krenz, K Sweatt, WC BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Scale-up of a cluster jet laser plasma source for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies III CY MAR 15-17, 1999 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int ID GAS AB A high-average-power extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source based on a laser plasma cluster jet is being developed for EUV lithography. The source employs a cooled supersonic nozzle expansion to produce a dense beam of Xe clusters as the plasma source target. The cluster beam is irradiated with a pulsed laser to create a high-temperature plasma radiating efficiently in the EUV spectral region. To accommodate drive laser repetition rates of up to 6000 Hz, a continuous jet expansion with full Xe gas recycling is employed, rather than earlier pulsed jet expansions. The continuous jet employs an efficient high-throughput pumping scheme to minimize the ambient pressure of highly-attenuating Xe gas. Source power scale-up is achieved by increasing laser repetition rate, keeping laser pulse parameters nominally fixed. In the first phase of EUV power scale-up, the continuous cluster jet source has been integrated with a 200 W laser driver operating at repetition rates up to 500 Hz. With this system, a laser-to-EUV conversion efficiency of 0.69% is achieved. In the second phase, the jet is being integrated with a 1700 W diode-pumped solid state laser driver operating at repetition rates up to 6000 Hz. A brief description of the 1700 W laser system and its integration with the continuous cluster jet are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kubiak, GD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3150-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3676 BP 669 EP 678 DI 10.1117/12.351142 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BN39S UT WOS:000081784400072 ER PT S AU Folta, JA Bajt, S Barbee, TW Grabner, RF Mirkarimi, PB Nguyen, T Schmidt, MA Spiller, E Walton, CC Wedowski, M Montcalm, C AF Folta, JA Bajt, S Barbee, TW Grabner, RF Mirkarimi, PB Nguyen, T Schmidt, MA Spiller, E Walton, CC Wedowski, M Montcalm, C BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Advances in multilayer reflective coatings for extreme-ultraviolet lithography SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies III CY MAR 15-17, 1999 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int DE extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography; reflective multilayer coatings; reflectance; stress; stability; uniformity ID RAY PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; SYSTEM; OPTICS AB Multilayer mirror coatings which reflect extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation are a key enabling technology for EW Lithography but must meet stringent requirements in terms of film quality, stability, and thickness control across multiple optical elements up to 300 mm in diameter. Deposition technology has been dramatically improved to meet those specifications for thickness control and repeatability over large curved optical substrates. Coating uniformity was improved to +/-0.055% peak-to-valley (P-V) on 140-mm flats and +/-0.1% P-V across 160 mm curved substrates. The run-to-run reproducibility of the: reflectance peak wavelength was improved to 0.13% on flats to enable fabrication of wavelength-matched sets of optics. Multilayers with reflectances of 67.5% at 13.42 nm and 70.2% at 11.34 nm are typically achieved for Mo/Si and Mo/Be multilayers, respectively. Also, we have recently achieved a reflectance of 70.1% at 13.5 nm for a Mo/Si multilayer deposited with a modified process. The reflectance and stress of these multilayers appear to be stable relative to the requirements for application to EUV lithography. These improvements in EW multilayer mirror technology enable us to meet the stringent specifications for coating the large optical substrates for our next-generation EUV lithography system. The primary remaining issues are improving the run-to-run wavelength repeatability on curved optics to realize the maximum optical throughput, and verifying long-term stability of the multilayers within the environment of a production EUV lithographic system. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Folta, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-395, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3150-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3676 BP 702 EP 709 DI 10.1117/12.351156 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BN39S UT WOS:000081784400075 ER PT S AU Montcalm, C Spiller, E Wedowski, M Gullikson, EM Folta, JA AF Montcalm, C Spiller, E Wedowski, M Gullikson, EM Folta, JA BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Multilayer coatings of 10X projection optics for extreme-ultraviolet lithography SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies III CY MAR 15-17, 1999 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int DE extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography; reflective coatings; multilayer deposition; graded coatings AB Two new sets of projection optics for our prototype 10X reduction EW lithography system were coated with Mo/Si multilayers. The coating thickness was graded across the optics by using shadow masks to ensure maximum throughput at all incidence angles in the camera. The overall deviation of the (normalized) wavelength response across the clear aperture of each mirror is below 0.01% RMS. However, the wavelength mismatch between two optics coated in different runs is up to 0.07 nm. Nevertheless, this is still within the allowed tolerances, and the predicted optical throughput loss in the camera due to such wavelength mismatch is about 4%. EUV reflectances of 63-65% were measured around 13.40 nm for the secondary optics, which is in good agreement with the expected reflectance based on the substrate finish as measured with AFM. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Montcalm, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-395, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3150-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3676 BP 710 EP 716 DI 10.1117/12.351157 PN 1&2 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BN39S UT WOS:000081784400076 ER PT S AU Gullikson, EM Baker, S Bjorkholm, JE Bokor, J Goldberg, KA Goldsmith, JEM Montcalm, C Naulleau, P Spiller, E Stearns, DG Taylor, JS Underwood, JH AF Gullikson, EM Baker, S Bjorkholm, JE Bokor, J Goldberg, KA Goldsmith, JEM Montcalm, C Naulleau, P Spiller, E Stearns, DG Taylor, JS Underwood, JH BE Vladimirsky, Y TI EUV scattering and flare of 10x projection cameras SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies III CY MAR 15-17, 1999 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; flare; light scattering; roughness; power spectral density AB Two new Schwarzschild cameras have been fabricated for the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) 10x microstepper. The surface topography of the mirrors was characterized over the full range of spatial frequencies both before and after multilayer coating. EW scattering from the individual mirrors was measured and compared with the surface profilometry. A knife-edge test was used to directly measure the flare of the assembled cameras. The flare measured in this way is in excellent agreement with the contrast of isolated printed lines and with the point spread function of the camera as determined by EUV interferometry. The measured flare of the camera is also in good agreement with the flare calculated from the combined surface profile measurements of the individual mirrors. Consistent with the improvements made in the surface finish of the mirror substrates, a significant reduction in the dare is observed as compared with previously existing cameras. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gullikson, EM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 5 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3150-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3676 BP 717 EP 723 DI 10.1117/12.351162 PN 1&2 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BN39S UT WOS:000081784400077 ER PT S AU Spence, PA Kanouff, MP Ray-Chaudhuri, AK AF Spence, PA Kanouff, MP Ray-Chaudhuri, AK BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Film-stress-induced deformation of EUV reflective optics SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies III CY MAR 15-17, 1999 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int DE EUV lithography; finite element analysis; multilayer film stress; lithographic analysis AB Results of numerical studies on the deformation of multilayer coated optics for EUV lithography are presented and compared. The primary materials-dependent characteristics of EUV multilayer mirrors are reflectance, stress, and stability. Understanding and controlling these mirror characteristics is critical for the efficient operation of an EUVL system. Optimized for reflectance, the multilayer coatings typically have film stress values large enough to deform the optic. We use finite element models to predict the distortion caused by the film stress. Input parameters to the models include the size, shape, and material properties of the optical substrate as well as the magnitude and spatial variations of the film stress. The distortion results are coupled with optical analysis software to predict wavefront aberrations for the candidate optical design. Finally, lithographic analysis software is used to predict the aerial image and linewidth variation. Model predictions have guided the design of the optical substrates so that lithographic errors induced by film-stress-deformation are expected to be within the acceptable error budget. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Spence, PA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3150-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3676 BP 724 EP 734 DI 10.1117/12.351166 PN 1&2 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BN39S UT WOS:000081784400078 ER PT S AU Kanouff, MP Ray-Chaudhuri, AK AF Kanouff, MP Ray-Chaudhuri, AK BE Vladimirsky, Y TI A gas curtain for mitigating hydrocarbon contamination of EUV lithographic optical components SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES III, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies III CY MAR 15-17, 1999 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP SPIE, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int DE EUV lithography; finite volume model; gas curtain; hydrocarbon contamination; outgassing AB Calculations were carried out to study the effectiveness of a gas curtain for mitigating contamination from hydrocarbon gases in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography tools. The momentum, energy and mass transport in the curtain and surrounding regions were calculated using a two dimensional finite volume model of a lithography tool. Argon was used for the gas curtain. The results from the calculations quantify time relationship between the argon flow rate and the hydrocarbon partial pressure in the region of the optical elements. In general, the hydrocarbon partial pressure decreases as the mass transfer Peclet number, Pe = Vh/D, increases, where V is the velocity of the argon, h is the thickness of the gas curtain and D is the mass diffusivity. An argon flow rate of 12.2 torr.1/s is required to reduce the hydrocarbon partial pressure from 10(-7) to 10(-10) torr in the specific lithography tool considered here. The EUV transmission in the tool with the gas curtain is 0.93. This is a large improvement over the 0.5 transmission that would result by using a solid filter to contain the hydrocarbon gas. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kanouff, MP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3150-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3676 BP 735 EP 742 DI 10.1117/12.351077 PN 1&2 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BN39S UT WOS:000081784400079 ER PT S AU Kelsey, RL Bisset, KR AF Kelsey, RL Bisset, KR BE Sisti, AF TI Using perspective to model complex processes SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enabling Technology for Simulation Science III CY APR 06-08, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE abstraction; perspective; object-based knowledge representation AB The notion of perspective, when supported in an object-based knowledge representation, can facilitate better abstractions of reality for modeling and simulation. The object modeling of complex physical and chemical processes is made more difficult in part due to the poor abstractions of state and phase changes available in these models. The notion of perspective can be used to create different views to represent the different states of matter in a process. These techniques can lead to a more understandable model. Additionally, the ability to record the progress of a process from start to finish is problematic. It is desirable to have a historic record of the entire process, not just the end result of the process. A historic record should facilitate backtracking and re-start of a process at different points in time. The same representation structures and techniques can be used to create a sequence of process markers to represent a historic record. By using perspective, the sequence of markers can have multiple and varying views tailored for a particular user's context of interest. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kelsey, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, XCM MS-F645, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3170-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3696 BP 204 EP 212 DI 10.1117/12.351178 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BN40J UT WOS:000081823700019 ER PT J AU Koomey, JG Mahler, SA Webber, CA McMahon, JE AF Koomey, JG Mahler, SA Webber, CA McMahon, JE TI Projected regional impacts of appliance efficiency standards for the US residential sector SO ENERGY LA English DT Article AB Minimum efficiency standards for residential appliances have been implemented in the US for a large number of residential end-uses. This analysis assesses the potential energy, dollar, and carbon impacts of those standards at the state and national levels. We explicitly account for improvements in efficiency likely to occur in the absence of standards, but because our method for characterizing these exogenous improvements probably overestimates them, both the energy and cost savings presented; in this article represent lower bounds to the true benefits. Cumulative present-valued dollar savings after subtracting out the additional cost of the more efficient equipment are about $30 billion from 1990 to 2010. Each dollar of federal expenditure on implementing the standards will contribute $165 of net present-valued savings to the US economy over the 1990 to 2010 period. Average benefit/cost ratios for these standards are about 3.5 for the US as a whole. Projected carbon reductions ate approximately 9 million metric tons of carbon per year in the years from 2000 to 2010, Because these standards save energy at a cost less than price of that energy, the resulting carbon emission reductions are achieved at negative net cost to society, Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Energy Anal Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koomey, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Energy Anal Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-5442 J9 ENERGY JI Energy PD JAN PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1 BP 69 EP 84 DI 10.1016/S0360-5442(98)00065-6 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels GA 158ZE UT WOS:000078146700007 ER PT J AU Somasundaram, S Parker, S Evans, M Brown, D AF Somasundaram, S Parker, S Evans, M Brown, D TI Ukraine: Emerging market for industrial energy efficiency opportunities SO ENERGY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB As part of the energy assistance program to help Ukraine shut down the Chernobyl nuclear reactors, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) asked the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to identify and appraise industrial energy efficiency projects in Ukraine. The industrial sector currently accounts for over 60 percent of Ukraine's energy consumption. Most industrial enterprises in Ukraine use energy very inefficiently because the former communist system provided few incentives to conserve energy or even account for its cost. Since 1994, however, the country's energy prices have risen close to world levels, and Ukraine finds itself saddled with very high energy costs. The Ukrainian government is also under pressure to lower natural gas imports and reduce the country's trade imbalance with Russia. As a result, incentives to save energy in Ukraine are now great, and the market for energy efficiency products is growing. The Ukrainian government estimates that this market will generate from $700 million to $ 1 billion of new product sales by the year 2000. However, few industrial enterprises have the money necessary for large-scale energy-efficiency improvements. Therefore, one of the main goals of this DOE-funded program is to help the most promising enterprises obtain financing for energy efficiency projects from a variety of financial institutions, or through new, creative financing mechanisms. The program has involved several site visits to different industrial plants in Ukraine to gather preliminary data on the facilities. Most of these plants are in the process of being privatized, or were recently privatized and are financially sound. Among the plants visited were a glass manufacturing plant, a coke-chemical plant, a tire factory, a food processing plant, a paper mill, an alumina plant, an iron mine, a metallurgical firm, and a steel cable factory. Following a preliminary analysis of the site-specific data obtained during the first visit to the plants, a limited number of plants were chosen for a more detailed energy audit and financial assessment. Results of a detailed engineering analysis and a financial assessment of each plant led to a prioritized list of recommended energy efficiency measures. The measures recommended thus far include replacing an existing steam plant with a base-load gas turbine cogeneration plant, replacing an existing compressed-air system with high-efficiency equipment, upgrading the glass process furnaces, upgrading the lighting system, and installation of heat recovery systems. Some specific technologies recommended have included installing a new western furnace, which not only saves energy but also increases the volume and quality of glass production. The gas turbine cogeneration plant proposed for the coke-chemical plant will use coke-oven gas, a byproduct of the coking process, as the primary fuel. This article describes the process of identifying opportunities and discusses the recommendations made to plant managers at two of these facilities. The article also provides an update on the implementation plans for some of the recommended energy efficiency measures at these industrial enterprises. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Somasundaram, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999,K5-20, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ENERGY ENGINEERING PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA SN 0199-8595 J9 ENERG ENG JI Energy Eng. PY 1999 VL 96 IS 2 BP 6 EP 18 PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 297JW UT WOS:000086080300002 ER PT J AU Szady, AJ Jallouk, PA Olszewski, M Scheihing, P AF Szady, AJ Jallouk, PA Olszewski, M Scheihing, P TI Lessons learned from the US DOE's motor challenge showcase demonstration projects SO ENERGY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB This article presents a summary of the practical lessons learned to date from the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Showcase Demonstration Projects. These projects are part of the DOE MotorChallenge Program, and are aimed at demonstrating increased electric motor system efficiency through the integration of a variety of technology and applications options. These include: energy efficient electric motors, adjustable speed drives, and motor-driven equipment (e.g., pumps, fans, and compressors) within industrial operations and processes. Each showcase project is made up of a team that consists of a host demonstration site and supporting partners (e.g. utilities, motor and process equipment suppliers, and contractors). Each team is expected to provide DOE with sufficient data to substantiate and document the energy and environmental performance of the project and the economic cost/benefit of the results. Additionally, teams provide appropriate information to DOE to allow DOE contractors to perform an independent performance validation report and to prepare a comprehensive case study document. DOE provides each showcase team access to technical experts who will assist on questions which may arise during the course of the project. DOE also sponsors workshops to allow Showcase teams to exchange information and discuss lessons learned. At the conclusion of each project DOE publishes and distributes a comprehensive case study document. Papers presented at this conference in 1996 and 1997 gave a description and status of the projects that were selected to be Motor Challenge Showcases. This article will concentrate on the Showcases that have been completed and the important lessons learned. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Dept Energy, Washington, DC USA. RP Szady, AJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGY ENGINEERING PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA SN 0199-8595 J9 ENERG ENG JI Energy Eng. PY 1999 VL 96 IS 1 BP 42 EP 51 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 297JU UT WOS:000086080100005 ER PT J AU Brown, DR AF Brown, DR TI Cost-effective application of stationary fuel cell technologies SO ENERGY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Fuel cells have several features that make them attractive candidates for on-site power generation. Electric conversion efficiency is good, ranging around 40 percent; overall energy efficiency, including the recovery of steam and/or hot water, is about 80 percent. Air emissions are so low that fuel cells have received exemptions from the standard environmental permitting process in some locations. Fuel cells do not rely on size economies of scale to reduce cost or improve performance, and are currently being developed at sub-kW to multi-MW sizes, which covers practically every application of interest to an end user. Currently operating fuel cells have proven to be highly reliable. In addition, fuel cells are very quiet and produce premium power for servicing sensitive electric loads. This article presents energy managers with information that will help them determine whether fuel cells could be effectively implemented at their facilities now or in the future. Included are sections providing an introduction to fuel cell technology, presentations of current and projected fuel cell characteristics, descriptions of fuel cell applications, and identification of conditions for cost-effective fuel cell applications. Specific results are presented for 11 sites within the U.S. Army's Forces Command (FORSCOM), but the methodology and general results are applicable to all potential fuel cell users. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brown, DR (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENERGY ENGINEERING PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA SN 0199-8595 J9 ENERG ENG JI Energy Eng. PY 1999 VL 96 IS 6 BP 46 EP 62 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 297KG UT WOS:000086081400005 ER PT J AU Jones, T Hart, F AF Jones, T Hart, F TI Steam challenge: Using marketplace partnerships to help industry be steam smart SO ENERGY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Last year, the Alliance to Save Energy, the Department of Energy's Office of Industrial Technologies, and a cadre of private companies and associations formed an innovative "Steam Partnership" with the goal of developing a new DOE technical assistance program on steam efficiency. In 1997, the Steam Partnership began to define the appropriate activities, tools, and services of a public-private program on steam. Modeled after the successful Motor Challenge program and the newly launched Compressed Air Challenge program, "Steam Challenge" will highlight the importance of steam system efficiency and provide information and technical assistance to industry. This article highlights the potential savings available through steam efficiency, introduces the Steam Challenge program, summarizes the program's accomplishments, and describes the program's future goals and activities. C1 US Dept Energy, Off Ind Technol, Steam Challenge Program, Washington, DC USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGY ENGINEERING PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA SN 0199-8595 J9 ENERG ENG JI Energy Eng. PY 1999 VL 96 IS 2 BP 61 EP 77 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 297JW UT WOS:000086080300006 ER PT J AU Burnham, AK Braun, RL AF Burnham, AK Braun, RL TI Global kinetic analysis of complex materials SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Review ID ACTIVATION-ENERGY MODEL; ARGONNE PREMIUM COALS; SOURCE ROCKS; PYROLYSIS KINETICS; ARRHENIUS EQUATION; SEDIMENTARY BASINS; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; ORGANIC-MATTER; CELLULOSE; MICROPYROLYSIS AB A variety of global kinetic models are reviewed, including first-order, nth-order, nucleation, and sequential models as well as models having Gaussian, Weibull, and discrete activation-energy distributions. The important characteristics of these various models are outlined, with guidance in how to select the correct model. Some of the models have similar characteristics, and the parameter relationships among similar models are discussed. The comparison includes the relationship between conversion-dependent parameters determined by modified Friedman and Coats-Redfern isoconversion methods and reactivity distribution parameters determined by nonlinear regression of rate or fraction-reacted profiles. A new method for deriving discrete activation-energy distribution parameters having In(A) = a + bE is also presented. Data accuracy requirements are discussed briefly. Kinetic analyses are given for a variety of materials, including synthetic polymers (polyethylene, polystyrene, polydimethylenenaphthalene, polysulfone, and polyvinyl acetate), petroleum sources rocks (including well-preserved algal kerogens and the Bakken and Monterey shales), oil shales (including kukersite), and the Illinois and Pittsburgh Premium coal samples. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Burnham, AK (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 68 TC 260 Z9 273 U1 13 U2 77 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.1021/ef9800765 PG 22 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 171VH UT WOS:000078884400001 ER PT J AU Dyrkacz, GR Bloomquist, CAA AF Dyrkacz, GR Bloomquist, CAA TI On the use of infrared spectroscopy to determine hydroxyl content and reactivity of O-acetylated and O-alkylated coals SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID FT-IR; SPECTRA; MACERALS; REGION; BAND; CM-1 AB Infrared spectroscopy was used to examine the O-alkylation and O-acetylation of two bituminous coals with a series of reagents. Two related aspects were investigated: We attempted to apply quantitative methods to calculate the reactivity using the hydroxyl absorption bands and to calculate the total alkyl or acyl groups incorporated using specific coal bands. The latter work showed that the use of IR coal bands to determine the amount of added groups can only be used qualitatively due to unpredictable changes in the coal band intensities. Quantitative monitoring of the hydroxyl groups showed that, in some reactions, more hydroxyl was found in the coal after reaction, suggesting that there was little reaction and mostly trapping of hydrolyzed reagent into the coal. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dyrkacz, GR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 13 IS 1 BP 40 EP 52 DI 10.1021/ef980062z PG 13 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 171VH UT WOS:000078884400004 ER PT J AU Greene, DL Kahn, JR Gibson, RC AF Greene, DL Kahn, JR Gibson, RC TI Fuel economy rebound effect for US household vehicles SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ENERGY EFFICIENCY; CONSUMER DEMAND; GASOLINE; ELASTICITIES; ALLOCATION; FALLACIES; PRICE AB This paper presents an econometric estimation of the "rebound effect" for household vehicle travel in the United States based on analysis of survey data collected by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) at approximately three-year intervals over a 15-year period. The rebound effect measures the tendency to "take back" potential energy savings from fuel economy improvements as increased travel. Vehicle use models were estimated for one-, two-, three-, four-, and five-vehicle households. The results confirm recent estimates based on national or state-level data: a long-run "take back" of about 20 percent of potential energy savings. Consumer responses to changes in fuel economy or fuel price per gallon appear to be equal and opposite in sign. Recognizing the interdependencies among miles of travel, fuel economy and price is key to obtaining meaningful results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Econ, Stokley Management Ctr 505A, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Syst Dev Inst, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. RP Gibson, RC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, POB 2008,Bldg 3156,MS 6073, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 50 TC 110 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 11 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERGY J JI Energy J. PY 1999 VL 20 IS 3 BP 1 EP 31 PG 31 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 216LE UT WOS:000081443500001 ER PT J AU Roy, J Sathaye, J Sanstad, A Mongia, P Schumacher, K AF Roy, J Sathaye, J Sanstad, A Mongia, P Schumacher, K TI Productivity trends in India's energy intensive industries SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB This paper reports on an analysis of productivity growth and input trends in six energy intensive sectors of the Indian economy, using growth accounting and econometric methods, The econometric work estimates rates and factor price biases of technological change using a translog production model with an explicit relationship defined for technological change. Estimates of own-price responses indicate that raising energy prices would be an effective carbon abatement policy for India. At the same time, our results suggest that, as with previous findings on the U.S. economy, such policies in India could have negative long run effects on productivity in these sectors. Inter-input substitution possibilities are relatively weak, so that such policies might have negative short and medium term effects on sectoral growth. Our study provides information relevant for the analysis of costs and benefits of carbon abatement policies applied to India and thus contributes to the emerging body of modeling and analysis of global climate policy. C1 Jadavpur Univ, Dept Econ, Calcutta 700032, W Bengal, India. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA USA. Delhi Sch Econ, Delhi 110007, India. RP Roy, J (reprint author), Jadavpur Univ, Dept Econ, Calcutta 700032, W Bengal, India. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERGY J JI Energy J. PY 1999 VL 20 IS 3 BP 33 EP 61 PG 29 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 216LE UT WOS:000081443500002 ER PT J AU MacCracken, CN Edmonds, JA Kim, SH Sands, RD AF MacCracken, Christopher N. Edmonds, James A. Kim, Son H. Sands, Ronald D. TI The Economics of the Kyoto Protocol SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB In this paper we use the Second Generation Model to develop an assessment of the energy and economic implications of achieving the goals of the Kyoto Protocol. We find that many of the details of the Protocol that remain to be worked out introduce critical uncertainties affecting the cost of compliance. Our analysis shows that the cost of implementing the Protocol in the United States can vary by more than an order of magnitude. The marginal cost in 2010 could be as low as $26 per tonne of carbon if a global system of emissions mitigation could be quickly and effectively implemented. But it could also exceed $250per tonne of carbon if the United States must meet its emissions limitations entirely through domestic actions, and if mitigation obligations are not adequately anticipated by decision-makers. C1 [MacCracken, Christopher N.; Edmonds, James A.; Kim, Son H.; Sands, Ronald D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP MacCracken, CN (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 901 D St SW,Suite 900, Washington, DC 20024 USA. EM c.maccracken@pnl.gov; jae@pnl.gov; skim@pnl.gov; ronald.sands@pnl.gov NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERG J JI Energy J. PY 1999 BP 25 EP 71 PG 47 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V08JJ UT WOS:000207324800004 ER PT B AU Brigmon, RL Altman, DJ Franck, MM Fliermans, CB Hazen, TC Bourquin, AW AF Brigmon, RL Altman, DJ Franck, MM Fliermans, CB Hazen, TC Bourquin, AW BE Leeson, A Alleman, BC TI Evaluation of methanotrophic bacteria during injection of gaseous nutrients for in situ trichloroethylene bioremediation in a sanitary landfill SO ENGINEERED APPROACHES FOR IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 19-22, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc ID SAVANNA RIVER; DEGRADATION AB Methanotrophic bacterial populations were quantified in an aquifer that was amended with air (oxygen), methane, triethyl-phosphate, and nitrous oxide to evaluate their effectiveness to stimulate aerobic bioremediation of vinyl chloride (VC), dichioroethylene, and trichloroethylene (TCE). Contaminants in groundwater resulted from leachate originating from a nearby landfill. Groundwater samples were taken during gas injection and analyzed for changes in bacterial populations. The methanotrophic populations were monitored in groundwater using direct fluorescent antibodies (FA) and the most probable number (MPN) technique. Acridine orange direct counts (AODC) were used to determine the total bacterial population. Methanotrophic populations increased significantly in groundwater during the course of gaseous nutrient injections. As methanotrophic bacteria reached a maximum population in 3-4 days, contaminant levels (TCE) decreased. Cis-dichloroethylene (c-DCE) demonstrated a transient increase in concentration during the experiment but decreased rapidly over the course of the experiment. The total number of groundwater microorganisms did not change, indicating a selective stimulation of the methanotrophic bacterial population. These bacterial data were compared to physical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, redox) and contaminant (TCE, c-DCE, VC) concentrations within the saturated and unsaturated zone to reveal the efficiency of the system. The loss of contaminants appears to be due to cometabolic biodegradation through biostimulation since loss by volatilization was accounted for and was minimal. This work clearly demonstrates that one can effectively change the subsurface bacterial population in a relatively short period of time. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Brigmon, RL (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RI Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-075-6 PY 1999 BP 107 EP 112 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN62Y UT WOS:000082416100017 ER PT B AU Johnson, CD Skeen, RS Butcher, MG Leigh, DP Bienkowski, LA Granade, S Harre, B Margrave, T AF Johnson, CD Skeen, RS Butcher, MG Leigh, DP Bienkowski, LA Granade, S Harre, B Margrave, T BE Leeson, A Alleman, BC TI Accelerated in situ bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes in groundwater with high sulfate concentrations SO ENGINEERED APPROACHES FOR IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENT CONTAMINATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 19-22, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Gas Res Inst, IT Grp Inc, Celtic Technol, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, U S Microb Inc, U S Naval Fac Engn Command, Waste Management Inc AB A pilot-scale test of accelerated in situ bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes is underway at a former underground storage tank site at the Naval Air Station Point Mugu in southern California. Two phases of nutrient addition are being used in this field test. In the first phase, lactate is being added to the contaminated aquifer in regular, high concentration pulses to stimulate sulfate reduction and remove sulfate in the groundwater. This is necessary since sulfate was shown to inhibit dechlorination at the site. During the first phase, only small amounts of reductive dechlorination are expected. In the second phase, a more aggressive nutrient injection scenario is used to disperse lactate throughout the test region and initiate rapid reductive dechlorination. To date, the first injection phase has been operating continuously for 42 days with the addition of a total of 6300 Ib (2860 kg) of lactic acid. Vigorous sulfate reduction is occurring at distances of up to 68 ft (21 m) from the point of nutrient injection. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Johnson, CD (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-075-6 PY 1999 BP 165 EP 170 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BN62Y UT WOS:000082416100025 ER PT S AU Monteiro, OR AF Monteiro, OR BE Lakhtakia, A Messier, RF TI Synthesis of thin films using energetic ions SO ENGINEERED NANOSTRUCTURAL FILMS AND MATERIALS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Engineered Nanostructural Films and Materials CY JUL 22-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE energetic condensation; plasma deposition; thin films; cathodic are; microstructure; hard coatings ID CATHODIC ARC DEPOSITION; CARBON-FILMS; THERMAL-STABILITY; AMORPHOUS-CARBON; MICROSTRUCTURE; COATINGS; DIAMOND; MODEL AB When thin films are deposited from plasma with a significant a degree of ionization or under ion bombardment, the energy of the incident ions can be used as an effective means for engineering microstructures. Ion energy has been increasingly used as a deposition parameter. The introduction of plasma immersion ion implantation has made ion-assisted processes more amenable for industrial implementation because it has diminished the complexity of hardware, and allowed larger areas and complex shapes to be treated. Here we discuss the impact of energetic particles on the microstructure and properties of films produced by filtered cathodic are (FCA) and magnetron sputter (MS) deposition with ion assist. Amorphous hard carbon films with high content of sp3-hybridization were prepared using both techniques under optimum ion bombardment conditions to maximize the content of tetrahedral-bonded carbon. Techniques for controlling film properties by altering the nano-structure are presented. The effect of energetic particles on conventional and sculptured thin-films is also discussed and examples of metallic and ceramic films are presented and discussed in light of atomic mechanisms. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Monteiro, OR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3276-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3790 BP 106 EP 113 DI 10.1117/12.351242 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BN65Y UT WOS:000082519200011 ER PT J AU Freitag, L AF Freitag, L TI Special issue on recent advances in mesh generation SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Freitag, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT JI Eng. Comput. PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 211 EP 211 DI 10.1007/s003660050015 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 243FP UT WOS:000082986600001 ER PT J AU D'Azevedo, E AF D'Azevedo, E TI On optimal bilinear quadrilateral meshes SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE anisotropic mesh; mesh generation; quadrilateral mesh; super-convergence AB The novelty of this work is in presenting interesting error properties of two types of asymptotically 'optimal' quadrilateral meshes for bilinear approximation. The first type of mesh has an error equidistributing property, where the maximum interpolation error is asymptotically the same over all elements. The second type has faster than expected 'super-convergence' property for certain saddle-shaped data functions. The 'super-convergent' mesh may be an order of magnitude more accurate than the error equidistributing mesh. Both types of mesh are generated by a coordinate transformation of a regular mesh of squares, are coordinate transformation is derived by interpreting the Hessian matrix of a data function as a metric tensor. The insights in this work may have application in mesh design near known corner or point singularities. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP D'Azevedo, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT JI Eng. Comput. PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s003660050017 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 243FP UT WOS:000082986600003 ER PT J AU Mitchell, SA AF Mitchell, SA TI The all-hex geode-template for conforming a diced tetrahedral mesh to any diced hexahedral mesh SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE conforming; hexahedra; mesh generation; tetrahedra; transition AB Take a hexahedral mesh and an adjoining tetrahedral mesh that splits each boundary quadrilateral into true triangles. Separate the meshes with a buffer layer of heres. Dice the original heres into eight, and the tetrahedra into four hexahedra. Then I show that the buffer layer heres can be filled with the geode-template, creating a conforming all-hex mesh of the entire model. The geode-template is composed of 26 hexahedra. The hexahedra have acceptable quality, depending on the geometry of the buffer layer The method used to generate the geode-template is general, based on interleaving completed dual surfaces, and might be extended to other transition problems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mitchell, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT JI Eng. Comput. PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 228 EP 235 DI 10.1007/s003660050018 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 243FP UT WOS:000082986600004 ER PT J AU Knupp, PM AF Knupp, PM TI Winslow smoothing on two-dimensional unstructured meshes SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE elliptic smoothing; Laplacian smoothing; quadrilateral meshing; unstructured grid generation; Winslow equations ID GENERATION AB The Winslow equations from structured elliptic grid generation are adapted to smoothing of two-dimensional unstructured meshes using a finite difference approach. We use a local mapping from a uniform N-valent logical mesh to a focal physical subdomain. Taylor Series expansions are then applied to compute the derivatives which appear in the Winslow equations. The resulting algorithm for Winslow smoothing on unstructured triangular and quadrilateral meshes gives generally superior qualilty than traditional Laplacian smoothing, while retaining the resistance to mesh folding on structured quadrilateral meshes. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Knupp, PM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, POB 5800,M-S 0441, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT JI Eng. Comput. PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 263 EP 268 DI 10.1007/s003660050021 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 243FP UT WOS:000082986600007 ER PT J AU Folwell, NT Mitchell, SA AF Folwell, NT Mitchell, SA TI Reliable whisker weaving via curve contraction SO ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE advancing front; curve contraction; hexahedra; mesh generation; topology ID HEXAHEDRAL MESH GENERATION; MEDIAL SURFACE SUBDIVISION; FINITE-ELEMENT MESHES; ALGORITHM; SOLIDS; EDGES AB Whisker Weaving is an advancing front algorithm for all-hexahedral mesh generation. It uses global information derived from grouping the mesh dual into surfaces, the STC, to construct the connectivity of the mesh, then positions the nodes afterwards. Currently, we are able to reliably generate hexahedral meshes for complicated geometries and surface meshes. However, the surface mesh must be modified locally. Also, in large, highly-unstructured meshes, there are usually isolated regions where hex quality is poor. Reliability has been achieved by using new, provable curve-contraction algorithms to sequence the advancing front process. We have also demonstrated that sheet moving can remove certain types of invalid connectivity. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Comp Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Folwell, NT (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS26,POB 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0177-0667 J9 ENG COMPUT JI Eng. Comput. PY 1999 VL 15 IS 3 BP 292 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s003660050024 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 243FP UT WOS:000082986600010 ER PT J AU Russell, LB AF Russell, LB TI Significance of the perigametic interval as a major source of spontaneous mutations that result in mosaics SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE germline mosaics; spontaneous mutations; single-strand DNA alterations; methylation in germ cells; repair in germ cells; agouti locus; mouse; sex difference in spontaneous mutations ID DNA METHYLATION; LOCUS MUTATIONS; MOUSE EMBRYO; FEMALE MICE; INDUCTION; MAMMALS; SPERMATOGONIA; MECHANISMS; FREQUENCY; MUTANTS AB An earlier analysis showed that a significant percentage of spontaneous specific-locus mutations In mice are recovered as mosaics and that the spontaneous mutation rate per cell cycle is probably higher for those mutations that produce mosaics than for those that produce whole-body mutants. The Finding that the average germline composition of the mosaics was similar to 50% supported the suggestion that single-strand DNA alterations during the perigametic interval constitute the major source of spontaneous mosaics. Here, alternative origins of 50% germline mosaicism are examined. Supporting the earlier hypothesis is the finding that spontaneous mutations that are recovered as clusters constitute a different array of types from those giving rise to singletons,, and the evidence from interspecies comparisons that a unique component of the life cycle, probably meiosis, makes a major contribution to spontaneous mutations. Biological factors associated with the perigametic interval Were examined in an effort to suggest explanations for the observations that 1) the spontaneous mutation rate in that: interval is high relative to that characterizing any mitotic cell cycle, 2) the types of mutations appear to be different from those arising during mitotic divisions, and 3) the spontaneous mutation rate for males is higher than that for females. It is concluded that the higher yield from the perigametic interval is consistent with what is known about methylation status in development of both sexes and with repair capacity in the male germline. For both parameters, differences between the sexes during their respective perigametic intervals may be at least partly responsible for the fact that the spontaneous mutation rate of mammalian females is lower than that of males. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 34:16-23, 1999. (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Russell, LB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1-Y1-ES-8048] NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1999 VL 34 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1999)34:1<16::AID-EM3>3.0.CO;2-X PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 230WX UT WOS:000082275600003 PM 10462719 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, A Van Hummelen, P Lowe, XR Adler, ID Wyrobek, AJ AF Baumgartner, A Van Hummelen, P Lowe, XR Adler, ID Wyrobek, AJ TI Numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities detected in human sperm with a combination of multicolor FISH assays SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE human sperm; aneuploidy; structural aberrations; fluorescence in situ hybridization; chromosome 21 ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; FLUORESCENCE INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; PATERNAL AGE; GERM-CELLS; Y-CHROMOSOME; HUMAN SPERMATOZOA; X-Y; ANEUPLOIDY; NONDISJUNCTION; RECOMBINATION AB A pair of multicolor FISH assays (X-Y-21 and A-M-16) was developed for human sperm to simultaneously measure sex ratios; aneuploidies involving chromosomes 1, 16, 21, X, and Y; meiotic diploidies; and structural aberrations involving chromosome Ip. Sex ratios in sperm were not significantly different from unity among healthy men. Baseline frequencies of disomic sperm for chromosomes 1, 8, and 21 were similar (6.7 per 10(4) sperm, 95% CI of 5.6-8.1), suggesting that among these three chromosomes, chromosome 21 was not especially prone to nondisfunction. Frequencies of disomy 16 sperm were significantly lower. however (3.5 per 10(4) sperm, 95% CI of 2.0-6.2; P < 0.02). The baseline frequencies of sperm disomy by FISH for chromosomes 16 and 21 were validated against aneuploidy data obtained by the hamster-egg technique for human sperm cytogenetics. The frequencies of X-X, Y-Y, X-Y ("Klinefelter") sperm and sex-null ("Turner") sperm were 5.5, 5.1, 5.5, and 7.8 per 10(4) sperm, respectively. For chromosomes 16 and 21, the Frequencies of nullisomic and disomic sperm were similar, suggesting that gain and loss events occurred symmetrically. However, more gain than loss was reported for chromosomes 1, X, and Y. The frequency of MI and MII diploid sperm (with flagella) was similar to 12 per 10(4) (range 8.3-16.7 per 10(4) sperm). Based on flagella data, the frequency of somatic cells in the semen was estimated to be similar to 1.8 per 10(4) sperm. Loss or gain of a portion of chromosome-arm Ip occurred in 5.5 per 10(4) sperm, and the percentage of sperm carrying structural aberrations within the haploid genome as calculated from FISH (1.4%), was similar to that obtained with the hamster-egg technique. These complementary sperm FISH assays have promising applications in studies of chromosomally abnormal sperm after exposure to occupational, medical, and environmental toxicants. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. GSF, Natl Res Ctr Envorinm & Hlth, Inst Mammalian Genet, D-85758 Oberschleissheim, Germany. RP Wyrobek, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, L-452,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 58 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1999 VL 33 IS 1 BP 49 EP 58 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1999)33:1<49::AID-EM6>3.0.CO;2-F PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 163YF UT WOS:000078433900006 PM 10037323 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, GR Sayer, AM Joiner, EE McFee, AF Littlefield, LG AF Hoffmann, GR Sayer, AM Joiner, EE McFee, AF Littlefield, LG TI Analysis by FISH of the spectrum of chromosome aberrations induced by x-rays in G(o) human lymphocytes and their fate through mitotic divisions in culture SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE chromosome aberrations; chromosome painting; FISH; human lymphocytes; translocations; X-rays ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; HUMAN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES; FLUORESCENCE INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; RADIATION-INDUCED TRANSLOCATIONS; DNA-PROPORTIONAL DISTRIBUTION; CHINESE-HAMSTER CHROMOSOMES; IONIZING-RADIATION; CHROMATID EXCHANGES; TELOMERIC SITES; GAMMA-RADIATION AB The induction, distribution, and persistence of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes exposed to X-rays in G(0) were analyzed in 48-, 70-, and 94-hr cultures by conventional metaphase analysis and painting of chromosomes 1, 2, and 4 by FISH. All cells that had been scored by FISH were relocated to determine by differential staining of chromatids whether they had passed through 1, 2, or greater than or equal to 3 divisions. FISH revealed a dose-dependent induction of stable and unstable aberrations, while chromatid labeling showed mitotic lag caused by irradiation in G(0). Relative to their DNA contents, there was a small but significant overrepresentation of chromosome 4 and underrepresentation of chromosome 2 among the aberrations involving chromosomes 1,2, and 4. FISH slightly underestimated the genomic frequency of unstable aberrations measured by conventional metaphase analysis. There was a slight excess of translocations relative to dicentrics, but the data are compatible with the 1:1 ratio expected From cytogenetic theory. Many of the translocations were apparently incomplete (i.e., nonreciprocal). Incomplete translocations were more frequent at higher X-ray dose and in first division, suggesting that they may be associated with complex damage and are more apt to be lost in mitosis than complete translocations. Among the incomplete translocations, t(Ab) outnumbered t(Ba) - a difference ascribable to the FISH technique. Aberration frequencies de dined as the cells divided in culture. The overall decline in the frequency of aberrant cells (approximate to 29% per cell generation) reflects a rapid decline in dicentrics and fragments (approximate to 60% per cell generation) and the relative stability of translocations. The frequency of translocation-bearing cells underwent a modest decline in culture (approximate to 13% per cell generation). (C) 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Coll Holy Cross, Dept Biol, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Div Med Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Hoffmann, GR (reprint author), Coll Holy Cross, Dept Biol, 1 Coll St, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CP3-0573] NR 74 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1999 VL 33 IS 2 BP 94 EP 110 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1999)33:2<94::AID-EM2>3.0.CO;2-E PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 184EZ UT WOS:000079598600002 PM 10217064 ER PT B AU Greene, DL AF Greene, DL BE Lonergan, SC TI Transportation's oil dependence and energy security in the 21st century SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE, ADAPTATION, AND SECURITY SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SUB-SER 2, ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Environmental Change, Adaptation, and Security CY OCT 16-18, 1997 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP NATO ID DEPLETION AB The continuing dependence of the world's growing transport sector on petroleum presents a threat to world economic security. This threat must be understood in the context of global efforts to solve environmental problems associated with petroleum use. The nature of the oil dependence problem is explained and the role of the technological change in its solution is highlighted. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-6120-2 J9 NATO ASI 2 PY 1999 VL 65 BP 77 EP 96 PG 20 WC Geography SC Geography GA BR45V UT WOS:000166473000005 ER PT J AU Whelan, G McDonald, JP Gnanapragasam, EK Laniak, GF Lew, CS Mills, WB Yu, C AF Whelan, G McDonald, JP Gnanapragasam, EK Laniak, GF Lew, CS Mills, WB Yu, C TI Benchmarking of the saturated-zone module associated with three risk assessment models: RESRAD, MMSOILS, and MEPAS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE multimedia; modeling; benchmarking; risk; groundwater; saturated zone AB A comprehensive benchmarking is being performed between three multimedia risk assessment models: RESRAD, MMSOILS, and MEPAS. Each multimedia model is comprised of a suite of modules (e.g., groundwater, air, surface water, exposure, and risk/hazard), all of which can impact the estimation of the human health risk. As a component of the comprehensive benchmarking exercise, the saturated-zone modules of each model were applied to an environmental release scenario, where uranium-234 was released from the waste site to a saturated zone. Uranium-234 time-varying emission rates exiting from the source and concentrations at three downgradient locations (0, 150, and 1500 m) are compared for each multimedia model. Time-varying concentrations for uranium-234 decay products (e.g., thorium-230, radium-226, and lead-210) at the 1500-m location are also presented. Different results reported for RESRAD, MMSOILS, and MEPAS are solely due to the assumptions and mathematical constructs inherently built into each model, thereby impacting the potential risks predicted by each model. Although many differences were identified between the models, differences that impacted these benchmarking results the most are as follows: (1) RESRAD transports its contaminants by pure translation, and MMSOILS and MEPAS solve the one-dimensional advective, three-dimensional dispersive equation. (2) Due to the manner in which the retardation factor is defined, RESRAD contaminant velocities will always be faster than MMSOILS or MEPAS for long-lived contaminants. (3) RESRAD uses a dilution factor to account for a withdrawal well; MMSOILS and MEPAS were designed to calculate in situ concentrations at a receptor location. (4) RESRAD allows for decay products to travel at different velocities, while MEPAS assumes the decay products travel at the same speed as their parents. MMSOILS does not account for decay products and assumes degradation/decay only in the aqueous phase. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US EPA, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Tetra Tech Inc, Lafayette, CA 95494 USA. RP Whelan, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Batlelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Gene.Whelan@pnl.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1 BP 67 EP 80 DI 10.1089/ees.1999.16.67 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157RV UT WOS:000078076200006 ER PT J AU Whelan, G McDonald, JP Gnanapragasam, EK Laniak, GF Lew, CS Mills, WB Yu, C AF Whelan, G McDonald, JP Gnanapragasam, EK Laniak, GF Lew, CS Mills, WB Yu, C TI Benchmarking of the vadose-zone module associated with three risk assessment models: RESRAD, MMSOILS, and MEPAS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE multimedia; modeling; benchmarking; risk; groundwater; vadose zone AB This paper is one of a series of papers that reports the results of a benchmarking between three multimedia risk assessment models: RESRAD, MMSOILS, and MEPAS. Each multimedia model is comprised of a suite of modules (e.g., groundwater, air, surface water, exposure, and risk/hazard), all of which can impact the estimation of human health risk. As a component of the benchmarking exercise, the vadose-zone modules of each model were applied to an environmental release scenario, where uranium-238 was released from the waste site to a vadose zone with two layers. Time-varying emission rates, exiting the source and each of the layers, were compared. Different results are reported for RESRAD, MMSOILS, and MEPAS, which are solely due to the assumptions and mathematical constructs inherently built into each model, thereby impacting the potential risks predicted by each model; RESRAD transports its contaminants by pure translation (i.e., plug flow), and MMSOILS and MEPAS transport contaminants by solving the one-dimensional advective-dispersive equation. Because off the plug-flow assumption, RESRAD generally predicts higher emission rates (and, hence, concentrations). In addition, because of assumptions in the way each model calculates pore-water velocity, RESRAD travel times will always be shorter than MMSOILS, which will always be shorter than MEPAS. Shorter or longer travel times could have a profound impact for contaminants that exhibit significant degradation/decay. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. US EPA, Athens, GA 30613 USA. Tetra Tech Inc, Lafayette, CA 95494 USA. RP Whelan, G (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Bathelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PY 1999 VL 16 IS 1 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1089/ees.1999.16.81 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 157RV UT WOS:000078076200007 ER PT J AU Clack, HL Koshland, CP Lucas, D Sawyer, RF AF Clack, HL Koshland, CP Lucas, D Sawyer, RF TI Postflame by-product formation from size- and density-controlled 1,1,1-trichloroethane sprays SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE combustion; incineration; chlorinated hydrocarbon; sprays; atomization ID HAZARDOUS-WASTE; OXIDATION; 1,1,1-C2H3CL3; INCINERATION; DESTRUCTION; COLLISION AB The effect of atomization quality on the postflame thermal destruction of liquid-phase chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs) is detailed. Our goal is to determine how droplet heatup and gasification processes, and therefore, subsequent destruction chemistry, are influenced by spray conditions. Controlled atomization of the liquid CHC is achieved using a prefilming double annular airblast atomizer capable of independently varying Sauter mean diameter (SMD) and mean interdroplet spacing (or droplet number density). Injector performance is validated and mapped over a range of conditions in a series of cold-flow spray characterization tests. Three operating points representing extremes in measured SMD and interdroplet spacing are used to inject liquid 1,1,1-trichloroethane into the postflame region of a vertically oriented combustion-driven flow reactor. Thermal destruction and by-product formation results yielded expected variations with temperature, as well as notable perturbations with equivalence ratio, droplet size, and to a lesser extent, interdroplet spacing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Engn Mech, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koshland, CP (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall,MC 7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sawyer, Robert/B-5013-2014 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1092-8758 J9 ENVIRON ENG SCI JI Environ. Eng. Sci. PY 1999 VL 16 IS 3 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1089/ees.1999.16.177 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 195AG UT WOS:000080226500002 ER PT S AU Kirkpatrick, KS Eagan, RJ Howden, DG Marechaux, TG Schneider, SJ Larsen-Basse, J AF Kirkpatrick, KS Eagan, RJ Howden, DG Marechaux, TG Schneider, SJ Larsen-Basse, J BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI Strategy for enhancing the materials role in environmental technology and sustainability: Assessment and linkages SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, KS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 3 EP 8 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100001 ER PT S AU Marra, SL Reeves, RD AF Marra, SL Reeves, RD BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI Implementation of ISO14001 at the Savannah River Site SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB The Department of Energy's Savannah River Site (SRS) in Aiken, SC recently received ISO14001 certification. ISO14001 is an internationally recognized standard that delineates the elements of an effective environmental management system (EMS) and enhances environmental stewardship. SRS preparations for ISO14001 certification involved a comparison of existing programs to the requirements of the standard. Gaps in the program were identified and work initiated to fill those gaps. Primarily, these deficiencies were related to documentation of the SRS EMS and employee training. Certification was granted after an extensive review by a team of independent auditors. The review included personnel interviews, documentation reviews, and work practice observations. An overview of the preparation process as well as the independent review will be presented. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Marra, SL (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 9 EP 14 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100002 ER PT S AU Schumacher, RF McIntyre, DS Peeler, DK Pareizs, JM AF Schumacher, RF McIntyre, DS Peeler, DK Pareizs, JM BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI Volatilization studies of a lanthanide lead borosilicate glass SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB The gravimetric weight loss of lead oxide and boric oxide from lead lanthanide borosilicate type glasses was investigated by remelting glass grains in small platinum crucibles at varying temperatures and times. A simple linear equation was developed to describe the volatilization rate of the glass in the crucibles with changes in temperature. The holding time at temperature does not have avery strong impact on the calculated volatilization rate when the time is within a two day period. The volatilization rate was calculated and compared to values obtained from the pilot facility bushing melter off-gas studies at the same temperatures. The calculated volatilization rate from crucibles was approximately twice that measured in the bushing melter off-gas which indicates that either the bushing may have a colder air/glass interface temperature or possibly the off-gas investigations did not capture all of the volatile material. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Schumacher, RF (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 23 EP 33 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100004 ER PT S AU Feng, X Rao, L Mohs, TR Xu, J Xia, Y Fryxell, GE Liu, J Raymond, KN AF Feng, X Rao, L Mohs, TR Xu, J Xia, Y Fryxell, GE Liu, J Raymond, KN BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI Self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous silica, a super sponge for actinides SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc ID ION SEQUESTERING AGENTS; COMPLEXES; EXTRACTION; SEPARATION; IRON(III) AB The combination of two frontier material sciences: mesoporous silica and self-assembled organic monolayers, resulted in a breakthrough material for actinide separation. Self-assembled monolayers such as hydroxypyridonates (HOPO) and propylthiol were installed on large surface areas of mesoporous silica, producing effective scavengers for radionuclides. The HOPO derived materials effectively removed Am(III) at initial 302000 cpm/ml to almost back ground level of 390 cpm/ml with a Kd value as large as 4.5x10(5) in pH 0.88 to 6.80 solutions with 0.1 m NaNO3. Large Kd values were also obtained for removing Np(V), Pu(IV), Th(IV), and U(VI). Different monolayers on the mesoporous materials have different selectivities for each actinide, leading to possible separation of different actinides. The thiol-based materials were shown previously as heavy metal-soakers such as mercury, lead, silver, cadmium, and copper with Kd values as high as 1x10(8). C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Feng, X (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Box 999,P8-37, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 35 EP 42 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100005 ER PT S AU Park, YS Taylor, TN Atencio, A Butt, DP AF Park, YS Taylor, TN Atencio, A Butt, DP BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI Kinetics of and atmospheric effects on gallium removal from a CeO2 based mixed oxide surrogate SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc ID REDUCTION AB This paper describes preliminary experimental results on the kinetics of Ga removal from Ga2O3-doped CeO2-x, a surrogate for weapons grade PuO2-x. Ga is removed from the surrogate feedstock material using thermal techniques. An Ar-6% H-2 gas was used in order to reduce the oxide to gaseous Ga2O. Experiments were done in the temperature range of 600-1200 degrees C as a function of time, gas flow rate, and sample geometry. Samples were analyzed through measurements of weight change, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, proton induced x-ray emission, and direct current plasma analysis. Gallium levels were reduced by as much as 98% (130 ppm Ga residue) of that in the starting material. Studies to date have shown CeO2-x is a very good surrogate for PuO2-x. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Park, YS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 69 EP 78 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100009 ER PT S AU Jantzen, CM Pickett, JB Richards, RS AF Jantzen, CM Pickett, JB Richards, RS BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI Vitrification of simulated Fernald K-65 silo waste at low temperature SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Vitrification is one of the technologies that has been chosen to solidify similar to 18,000 tons of geologic mill tailings, designated as K-65 wastes, at the Fernald Environmental Management Project (FEMP) in Fernald, Ohio. The glass formula developed in this study for the FEMP wastes is a lithia substituted soda-lime-lithia-silica (SLLS) composition which melts at 1050 degrees C-1 Low melting formulations minimize volatilization of hazardous species such as arsenic, selenium, chromium, and lead during vitrification. Formulation in the SLLS system avoids problematic phase separation known to occur in the MO-B2O3-SiO2 glass forming system (where MO = CaO, MgO, BaO, and PbO which are all constituents of the FEMP wastes). The SLLS glass passed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Toxic Characteristic Leach Procedure (TCLP) for all the hazardous constituents of concern under the previous characteristically waste regulations. The SLLS glass is as durable as high melting soda-lime-silica glasses and is more durable than the borosilicate glasses previously developed for the K-65 wastes. Optimization of glass formulations in the SLLS glass forming system should provide glasses which will pass the newly promulgated Universal Treatment Standards (UTS) which take effect on August 28, 1998. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Jantzen, CM (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 107 EP 116 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100013 ER PT S AU Cicero-Herman, CA Workman, P Poole, K Erich, DL Harden, JM AF Cicero-Herman, CA Workman, P Poole, K Erich, DL Harden, JM BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI Commercial ion exchange resin vitrification in borosilicate glass SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Bench-scale studies were performed to determine the feasibility of vitrification treatment of six resins representative of those used in the commercial nuclear industry. Each resin was successfully immobilized using the same proprietary borosilicate glass formulation. Waste loadings varied from 38 to 70 g of resin/100 g of glass produced depending on the particular resin, with volume reductions of 28% to 68%. The bench-scale results were used to perform a melter demonstration with one of the resins at the Clemson Environmental Technologies Laboratory (CETL). The resin used was a weakly acidic methacrylic cation exchange resin. The vitrification process utilized represented a similar to 64% volume reduction. Glass characterization, radionuclide retention, offgas analyses, and system compatibility results will be discussed in this paper. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Cicero-Herman, CA (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 123 EP 130 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100015 ER PT S AU Marra, SL Gee, JT Sproull, JF AF Marra, SL Gee, JT Sproull, JF BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI The defense waste processing facility: Two years of radioactive operation SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at the Savannah River Site in Aiken, SC is currently immobilizing high level radioactive sludge waste in borosilicate glass. The DWPF began vitrification of radioactive waste in May, 1996. Prior to that time, an extensive startup test program was completed with simulated waste. The DWPF is a first of its kind facility. The experience gained and data collected during the startup program and early years of operation can provide valuable information to other similar facilities. This experience involves many areas such as process enhancements, analytical improvements, glass pouring issues, and documentation/data collection and tracking. A summary of this experience and the results of the first two years of operation will be presented. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Marra, SL (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 147 EP 154 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100018 ER PT S AU Patello, GK Russell, RL Golcar, GR Smith, HD Smith, GL Elliott, ML AF Patello, GK Russell, RL Golcar, GR Smith, HD Smith, GL Elliott, ML BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI Processing simulated oxalated high-level waste through a vitrification feed preparation flowsheet SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Following an initial vitrification phase at the West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP), residual tank waste, consisting of cesium-loaded zeolite in Tank 8D-1 and a mixture of neutralized plutonium-uranium extraction (PUREX) sludge and thorium extraction (THOREX) waste in Tank 8D-2, may require additional processing. A proposed treatment process involves adding oxalic acid to Tanks 8D-1 and 8D-2 to remove the residual activity. The oxalic acid will dissolve solids and increase the mobility of the radioactivity components. One option is to process the oxalated waste directly through the vitrification process. Laboratory-scale tests at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) with simulated oxalated waste have evaluated the effect of oxalated waste in the melter feed flowsheet, for comparison to the baseline WVDP flowsheet. Comparisons were made on the basis of rheology, pH, and glass redox potential. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Patello, GK (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 163 EP 170 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100020 ER PT S AU Patello, GK Russell, RL AF Patello, GK Russell, RL BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI Oxalate destruction in a simulated high-level tank residual waste using nitric acid SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Following an initial vitrification phase at the West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP), residual tank waste consisting of cesium-loaded zeolite in Tank 8D-1 and a mixture of neutralized plutonium-uranium extraction (PUREX) sludge and thorium extraction (THOREX) waste in Tank 8D-2 may require additional processing. A proposed treatment involves adding oxalic acid to reduce residual activity in 8D-1 and to dissolve sludge and increase mobility of the waste in 8D-2. However, it may then become necessary to destroy the oxalic acid to produce a melter feed with acceptable melting properties. One option is to destroy the oxalate ion in the vitrification plant by a manganese-catalyzed chemical reaction with nitric acid. Laboratory-scale tests with simulated waste at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) examined the conditions for successful oxalate destruction. Variables tested include manganese concentration and nitric acid concentration. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Patello, GK (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 179 EP 186 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100022 ER PT S AU Jantzen, CM Brown, KG Imrich, KJ Pickett, JB AF Jantzen, CM Brown, KG Imrich, KJ Pickett, JB BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI High Cr2O3 refractory corrosion in oxidizing melter feeds: Relevance to nuclear and hazardous waste vitrification SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Monofrax K-3 refractory is a robust refractory that has been selected to line both High Level Waste (HLW) and Low Level Mixed Waste (LLMW) melters throughout the DOE complex. Monofrax K-3 is tolerant of transition metal oxides but is highly reduced in nature. The corrosion of the reduced high Cr2O3 containing Monofrax K-3 refractory in highly oxidizing waste melter feeds was, therefore, studied. Testing of the corrosion resistance of the K-3 refractory was performed in sealed crucibles starting with slurried melter feed. The sealed crucible testing where the K-3 coupon was immersed in melter feed was used preferentially to the ASTM C621 refractory corrosion test which immerses the coupon in pre-reacted glass. The sealed crucible melter feed testing was performed so that the refractory coupon would be exposed to the oxidizing or reducing species being released during the feed to glass conversion, e.g. NO3-, NO2-,CO2, CO, O-2 which may impact refractory performance. The corrosion rates measured in highly oxidizing (high nitrate) feeds were approximately 1.2-1.6 times greater than those determined using the ASTM C621 test protocol. Confirmatory corrosion rates were measured on K-3 coupons immersed in oxidizing feed in a 1/100th scale Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) pilot scale melter. Calculations show that high nitrate oxidizing feeds, which produce highly oxidized melts, act as the driving force for attack of the highly reduced Monofrax K-3. Monofrax K-3 corrosion products are insoluble in the borosilicate waste glass tested. Hence, the corrosion products have the potential to settle to the melter floor and accumulate if they are not eliminated from the melt pool during pouring. For the DWPF melter, such accumulation would still allow the DWPF to operate well beyond (>5 years) its design basis of 2 years. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Jantzen, CM (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 203 EP 212 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100025 ER PT S AU Smith, HD Russell, RL Patello, GK AF Smith, HD Russell, RL Patello, GK BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI Evaluation of hydrogen gas generation from oxalic acid in contact with the carbon steel of a high-level waste storage tank SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Following an initial vitrification phase at the West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP), residual tank waste consisting of cesium-loaded zeolite and a mixture of neutralized plutonium-uranium extraction (PUREX) sludge, thorium extraction (THOREX) waste, and cesium-loaded zeolite in Tanks 8D-1 and 8D-2 may require additional processing to facilitate removal from the tanks. A proposed treatment involves using oxalic acid to dissolve solids and mobilize the radioactivity. Hydrogen may be generated when oxalic acid comes in contact with the carbon steel storage tanks. Laboratory-scale testing at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) evaluated the potential for hydrogen generation under simulated tank conditions using carbon steel coupons to mimic the tank wall. Results are presented that show carbon steel (A516) corrodes in 8 wt% oxalic acid solution producing a ferric oxalate complex and hydrogen. Future research will investigate the influence of waste components, zeolite, and temperature. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, HD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 221 EP 228 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100027 ER PT S AU Hash, MC Thalacker, JP Simon, DR Burns, GL Woodman, RH AF Hash, MC Thalacker, JP Simon, DR Burns, GL Woodman, RH BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI The evaluation of sintered sodalite-glass composites SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc ID SPENT NUCLEAR-FUEL; SALT AB Ceramic waste forms are being developed for immobilizing the chloride waste salt generated from the electrometallurgical treatment of spent fuel. Sodalite-glass composites with high density were made using liquid-phase sintering techniques. At present, these ceramics are fabricated by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing). Sintering technology is being developed to improve productivity as compared with HIPing. Sintering of sodalite-glass composites may also be more amenable to production-scale processing by remote operations. Processing parameters for sintering were controlled to yield desirable structural ceramic properties, such as chemical, mechanical, and thermal stability. Chemical compositions and physical characteristics of raw materials were studied to determine their effect on the ceramic properties, as well as the intermediate powder characteristics. Powder processing techniques were refined to provide enhanced leach resistance of the consolidated composites. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Nucl Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hash, MC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Nucl Technol Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 229 EP 237 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100028 ER PT S AU Li, H Smith, DE Hrma, P Patello, GK Smith, GL Elliott, ML AF Li, H Smith, DE Hrma, P Patello, GK Smith, GL Elliott, ML BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI Compositional effects on crystallinity and durability of high-level radioactive waste glasses SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB To support ongoing vitrification activities and site transition activities at the West Valley Demonstration Project (WVDP), glass compositional effects on crystallinity and durability of high-level waste borosilicate glasses were measured. The glass compositions are near or within the WVDP target glass process region. Spinel formation did not affect glass durability as evaluated by the 7-day Product Consistency Test(PCT). These glasses were more durable than the Environmental Assessment (EA) glass by an order of magnitude. The PCT normalized B and Na releases were found to be well correlated with the molar concentration {[R2O]+[B2O3]} or the normalized, molar concentration {[R2O]+[B2O3]}/{[SiO2]+[Al2O3]} in the glass, where [R2O] is the total molar concentration of alkalis. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 241 EP 249 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100029 ER PT S AU Luo, JS Ebert, WL AF Luo, JS Ebert, WL BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI Examination of subaerially altered basaltic glass with TEM and EELS SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc ID PALAGONITIZATION; MECHANISM AB We have examined the weathered surfaces of 720 year old Hawaiian basalt glasses that were recovered from a subaerial environment with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy filtered imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) techniques. Whereas the alteration products (palagonite) were physically detached from the underlying glass in most samples, a gel-like amorphous layer was observed adjacent to the glass in a few samples. To our knowledge, this is the first time a gel layer has been observed on weathered basalt. This is significant because analogous gel layers have been observed on nuclear waste glasses reacted in laboratory tests, and this demonstrates an important similarity in the mechanisms of the weathering of basalt and the corrosion of waste glasses. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Luo, JS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 269 EP 276 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100032 ER PT S AU Besmann, TM Beahm, EC Spear, KE AF Besmann, TM Beahm, EC Spear, KE BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI An approach to thermochemical modeling of nuclear waste glass SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PHASE-DIAGRAMS; OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEMS AB This initial work is aimed at developing a basic understanding of the phase equilibria and solid solution behavior of the constituents of waste glass. Current, experimentally determined values are less than desirable since they depend on measurement of the leach rate under non-realistic conditions designed to accelerate processes that occur on a geologic time scale. The often-used assumption that the activity of a species is either unity or equal to the overall concentration of the metal can also yield misleading results. The associate species model, a recent development in thermochemical modeling, will be applied to these systems to more accurately predict chemical activities in such complex systems as waste glasses. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Besmann, TM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 277 EP 287 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100033 ER PT S AU Simpson, LJ Kooi, CWV Zyryanov, VN AF Simpson, LJ Kooi, CWV Zyryanov, VN BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI Solution exchange corrosion testing with a glass-zeolite ceramic waste form in demineralized water at 90 degrees C SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB A ceramic waste form of glass-bonded zeolite is being developed for the long-term disposition of fission products and transuranic elements in wastes from the U.S. Department of Energy's spent nuclear fuel conditioning activities. Solution exchange corrosion tests were performed on the ceramic waste form and its potential base constituents of glass, zeolite 5A, and sodalite as part of an effort to qualify the ceramic waste form for acceptance into the Civilian Radioactive Waste Management System. Solution exchange tests were performed at 90 degrees C by replacing 80 to 90% of the leachate with fresh demineralized water after set time intervals. The results from these tests provide information about corrosion mechanisms and the ability of the ceramic waste form and its constituent materials to retain waste components. The results from solution exchange tests indicate that radionuclides will be preferentially retained in the zeolites without the glass matrix and in the ceramic waste form, with respect to cations like Li, K, and Na. Release results have been compared for simulated waste from candidate ceramic waste forms with zeolite 5A and its constituent materials to determine the corrosion behavior of each component. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Simpson, LJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100036 ER PT S AU Smith, ME Fellinger, AP Jones, TM Miller, CB Miller, DH Synder, TK Stone, ME Witt, DC AF Smith, ME Fellinger, AP Jones, TM Miller, CB Miller, DH Synder, TK Stone, ME Witt, DC BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI Americium curium melter 2A pilot tests SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Isotopes of americium (Am) End curium (Cm) were produced in the past at the Savannah River Site (SRS) for research, medical, and radiological applications. These highly radioactive and valuable isotopes have been stored in an SRS reprocessing facility for a number of years. Vitrification of this solution will allow the material to be more safely stored until it is transported to the DOE Oak Ridge Reservation for use in research and medical applications. To this end, the Am/Cm Melter 2A pilot system, a full-scale non-radioactive pilot plant of the system to be installed at the reprocessing facility, was designed, constructed and tested. The full-scale pilot system has a frit and aqueous feed delivery system, a dual zone bushing melter, and an off-gas treatment system. The main items which were tested included the melter feed system, the dual zone bushing melter, the drain tube with dual heating and cooling zones, glass compositions, and the off-gas system which used for the first time a film cooler/shorter melter plenum. Most of the process and equipment were proven to function properly, but several problems were found which will need further work. A system description and a discussion of test results will be given. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Smith, ME (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 381 EP 389 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100045 ER PT S AU Marra, JE Baich, MA Fellinger, AP Hardy, BJ Jones, TM Miller, CB Miller, DH Peeler, DK Snyder, TK Stone, ME Whitehouse, JC Witt, DC AF Marra, JE Baich, MA Fellinger, AP Hardy, BJ Jones, TM Miller, CB Miller, DH Peeler, DK Snyder, TK Stone, ME Whitehouse, JC Witt, DC BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI Americium curium vitrification pilot tests - Part II SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Isotopes of americium (Am) and curium (Cm) were produced in the past at the Savannah River Site (SRS) for research, medical, and radiological applications. These highly radioactive and valuable isotopes have been stored in an SRS reprocessing facility for a number of years. Vitrification of this solution will allow the material to be more safely stored until it is transported to the DOE Oak Ridge Reservation for use in research and medical applications. A previous paper described operating results from the Am-Cm Melter 2A pilot system, a full-scale nonradioactive pilot facility. This paper presents the results from continued testing in the Pilot Facility and also describes efforts taken to look at alternative vitrification process operations and flowsheets designed to address the problems observed during Melter 2A pilot testing. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Marra, JE (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 391 EP 398 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100046 ER PT S AU Vienna, JD Luey, J Hrma, P Li, H Smith, DE Scheele, RD Wigent, HL Crum, JV AF Vienna, JD Luey, J Hrma, P Li, H Smith, DE Scheele, RD Wigent, HL Crum, JV BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI Glass frit development for encapsulation of rocky flats ash SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc AB A glass frit composition has been optimized for encapsulation of plutonium-bearing ash stored at Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site (RFETS). The frit composition was developed with existing glass property data and tested with simulated and real RFETS ash. The frit properties of interest are the low- and high-temperature viscosity and sinterability. The chemical durability and resistance to plutonium recoverability of the encapsulated waste form are also of interest. This paper summarizes the frit development and the densification and recoverability results of simulant and radioactive testing of the waste form. The process and waste form are adequate for treatment of ash residues at RFETS. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Vienna, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Battelle Blvd,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 399 EP 407 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100047 ER PT S AU Feng, X Li, H Davis, LL Li, L Darab, JG Schweiger, MJ Vienna, JD Bunker, BC Allen, PG Bucher, JJ Craig, IM Edelstein, NM Shuh, DK Ewing, RC Wang, LM Vance, ER AF Feng, X Li, H Davis, LL Li, L Darab, JG Schweiger, MJ Vienna, JD Bunker, BC Allen, PG Bucher, JJ Craig, IM Edelstein, NM Shuh, DK Ewing, RC Wang, LM Vance, ER BE Marra, JC Chandler, GT TI Distribution and solubility of radionuclides in waste forms for disposition of plutonium and spent nuclear fuels: Preliminary results SO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND WASTE MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CERAMIC AND NUCLEAR INDUSTRIES IV SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 100th Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 1998 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP Amer Ceram Soc ID BOROSILICATE GLASS; ACTINIDE VALENCES AB Funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Environment Management Science Program (EMSP), a multi-institutional research team lead by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is currently studying structural aspects of radionuclides, their surrogates, and neutron absorbers in several waste forms (glass, ceramics, and vitreous ceramics) structure and how composition and structure of the waste forms and processing conditions (oxidizing versus reducing conditions) affect their partitioning and solubility limits in these waste forms. In this article, the research methodology is first reviewed. Then, preliminary results are presented, which were obtained from studies of i) the effects of glass composition (in terms of Al2O3, B2O3, and Na2O) on solubility limits of HfO2 and Gd2O3, ii) the effects of Pu oxidation states an its solubility limit in borosilicate glasses, and iii) the effects of U oxidation states and composition tin terms of Na2O) on its solubility limit in soda-lime silicate glasses. The most significant finding from the current study is that Pu3+ is shown to be more soluble (by at least 150%) than Pu4+ in borosilicate glass. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Feng, X (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Craig, Ian/C-3799-2009 OI Craig, Ian/0000-0003-4481-3700 NR 23 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-057-2 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 93 BP 409 EP 419 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Materials Science, Ceramics; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BN02R UT WOS:000080430100048 ER PT J AU Adams, JM AF Adams, JM TI A suggestion for an improved vegetation scheme for local and global mapping and monitoring SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE vegetation scheme; mapping; monitoring; land cover AB Understanding of global ecological problems is at least partly dependent on clear assessments of vegetation change, and such assessment is always dependent on the use of a Vegetation classification scheme. Use of satellite remotely sensed data is the only practical means of carrying out any global-scale vegetation mapping exercise, but if the resulting maps are to be useful to most ecologists and conservationists, they must be closely tied to clearly defined features of vegetation on the ground. Furthermore, much of the mapping that does take place involves more local-scale description of field sites; for purposes of cost and practicality, such studies usually do not involve remote sensing using satellites. There is a need for a single scheme that integrates the smallest to the largest scale in a way that is meaningful to most environmental scientists. Existing schemes are unsatisfactory for this task; they are ambiguous, unnecessarily complex, and their categories do not correspond to common-sense definitions. In response to these problems, a simple structural-physiognomically based scheme with 23 fundamental categories is proposed here for mapping and monitoring on any scale, from local to global. The fundamental categories each subdivide into more specific structural categories for more detailed mapping, but all the categories can be used throughout the world and at any scale, allowing intercomparison between regions. The next stage in the process will be to obtain the views of as many people working in as many different fields as possible, to see whether the proposed scheme suits their needs and how it should be modified. With a few modifications, such a scheme could easily be appended to an existing land cover classification scheme, such as the FAO system, greatly increasing the usefulness and accessability of the results of the landcover classification. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Adams, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s002679900164 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 139XX UT WOS:000077057500001 ER PT S AU Hartenstein, SD Tremblay, PL Fryer, MO Kaser, T AF Hartenstein, SD Tremblay, PL Fryer, MO Kaser, T BE VoDinh, T Spellicy, RL TI Real-time detection of airborne chemicals SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies CY NOV 02-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Accurate, real time air quality measurements are difficult to make, because real time sensors for some gas species are not specific to a single gas. For example, some carbon dioxide sensors react to hydrogen sulfide. By combining the response of several types of real time gas sensors the Real-time Air Quality Monitoring System (RAQMS) accurately measures many different gases. The sensor suite for the INEEL's Real-time Air Quality Monitoring System (RAQMS) includes seven, inexpensive, commercially-available chemical sensors for gases associated with air quality. These chemical sensors are marketed as devices to measure carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, water vapor and volatile organic compounds (VOC's). However, these chemical sensors respond to more than a single compound, e.g. both the VOC and the carbon dioxide sensors respond strongly to methane. This multiple sensor response to a given chemical is used to advantage in the RAQMS system, as patterns of responses by the sensors were found to be unique acid distinguishable for several chemicals. Therefore, there is the potential that the sa-en sensors combined output can: 1) provide more accurate measurements of the advertised gases and 2) estimate the presence and quantity of additional gases. The patterns of sensor response can be thought of as clusters of data points in a seven dimensional space. One dimension for each sensor's output. For all of the gases tested these clusters were separated enough that good quantitative results were obtained As an example, the prototype RAQMS is able to distinguish methane from butane and predict accurate concentrations of both gases. A mathematical technique for estimating probability density functions from random samples is used to distinguish the data clusters from each other and to make gas concentration estimates. Bayes optimal estimates of gas concentration are calculated using the probability density function. The Bayes optimal estimates are analogous to least square error curve fits or regression analysis. A computer program was used to find the best parameters for the Bayes optimal estimating functions. The program implemented a probabilistic neural net. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. RP Hartenstein, SD (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2995-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3534 BP 271 EP 278 DI 10.1117/12.339005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM82B UT WOS:000079845100029 ER PT S AU Mobley, J Miller, GH Kasili, PM DiMarzio, C Vo-Dinh, T AF Mobley, J Miller, GH Kasili, PM DiMarzio, C Vo-Dinh, T BE VoDinh, T Spellicy, RL TI Hyperspectral imaging using AOTF and NIR sensing of buried objects and landmines SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies CY NOV 02-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers ID TUNABLE FILTER AOTF AB The detection of landmines and buried objects requires methods that can cover large areas rapidly while providing the required sensitivity to detect the optical and spectroscopic contrasts in soil properties that can reveal their presence. These conditions on contrast and coverage can be met by capturing images of the soil at wavelengths which are sensitive to the properties modified by the presence of buried objects. In this work we investigate both imaging and scanning methods which may have some utility for the detection problem. In the imaging approach, we capture hyperspectral reflection images using an acoustooptic tunable filter (AOTF) and fluorescence images using a long-pass filter. For the scanning method, we acquire data point-by-point over a two-dimensional grid with a single emitter/detector pair. The results illustrate the potential of these two approaches for detection of landmines and buried objects. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2995-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3534 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1117/12.339010 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM82B UT WOS:000079845100033 ER PT S AU Vogt, MC Skubal, LR AF Vogt, MC Skubal, LR BE VoDinh, T Spellicy, RL TI Active voltammetric microsensors with neural signal processing SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies CY NOV 02-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE voltammetry; polarography; microsensor; sensor; chemical; intelligent; neural network AB Many industrial and environmental processes, including bioremedation, would benefit from the feedback and control information provided by a local multi-analyte chemical sensor. For most processes, such a sensor would need to be rugged enough to be placed in situ for long-term remote monitoring, and inexpensive enough to be fielded in useful numbers. The multi-analyte capability is difficult to obtain from common passive sensors, but call be provided by an naive device that produces a spectrum-type response. Such new active gas microsensor technology has been developed at Argonne National Laboratory. The technology couples an electrocatalytic ceramic-metallic (cermet) microsensor with a voltammetric measurement technique and advanced neural signal processing. It has been demonstrated to be flexible, rugged, and very economical to produce and deploy. Both narrow interest detectors and wide spectrum instruments have been developed around this technology. Much of this technology's strength lies in the active measurement technique employed. The technique involves applying voltammetry to a miniature electrocatalytic cell to produce unique chemical "signatures" from the analytes. These signatures are processed with neural pattern recognition algorithms to identify and quantify the components in the analyte. The neural signal processing allows for innovative sampling and analysis strategies to be employed with the microsensor. In most situations, the whole response signature from the voltammogram can be used to identify, classify, and quantify an analyte, without dissecting it into component parts. This allows an instrument to be calibrated once for a specific gas or mixture of gases by simple exposure to a multi-component standard rather than by a series of individual gases. The sampled unknown analytes can vary in composition or in concentration; the calibration, sensing, and processing methods of these active voltammetric microsensors can detect, recognize, and quantify different signatures and support subsequent analyses. The instrument can be trained to recognize and report expected analyte components (within some tolerance), but also can alarm when unexpected components are detected. Unknowns can be repeat-sampled to build a reference library for later post processing and verification. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Vogt, MC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2995-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3534 BP 412 EP 419 DI 10.1117/12.339022 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM82B UT WOS:000079845100044 ER PT S AU Burlage, RS AF Burlage, RS BE VoDinh, T Spellicy, RL TI Visualizing gene expression in situ SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies CY NOV 02-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE bacteria; bioreporter; bioluminescence; fluorescence; field release; microscopy ID GREEN-FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; BACTERIAL BIOLUMINESCENCE; LUCIFERASE AB Visualizing bacterial cells and describing their responses to the environment are difficult tasks. Their small size is the chief reason for the difficulty, which means that we must often use many millions of cells in a sample in order to determine what the average response of the bacteria is, However, an average response can sometimes mask important events in bacterial physiology, which means that our understanding of these organisms will suffer. We have used a variety of instruments to visualize bacterial cells, all of which tell us something different about the sample. We use a fluorescence activated cell sorter to sort cells based on the fluorescence provided by bioreporter genes, and these can be used to select for particular genetic mutations. Cells can be visualized by epifluorescent microscopy, and sensitive photodetectors can be added that allow us to find a single bacterial cell that is fluorescent or bioluminescent, We have also used standard photomultipliers to examine cell aggregates as field bioreporter microorganisms, Examples of each of these instruments show how our understanding of bacterial physiology has changed with the technology. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Burlage, RS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2995-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3534 BP 446 EP 453 DI 10.1117/12.339026 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM82B UT WOS:000079845100048 ER PT S AU Baldwin, DP Zamzow, DS Eckels, DE Miller, GP AF Baldwin, DP Zamzow, DS Eckels, DE Miller, GP BE VoDinh, T Spellicy, RL TI AOTF-echelle spectrometer for air-ICP-AES continuous emission monitoring of heavy metals and actinides SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies CY NOV 02-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE AOTF; echelle; continuous emission monitor; ICP-AES; spectrometer ID DETECTION LIMITS; SPECTROSCOPY; ELEMENTS; DESIGN AB A spectrometer system consisting of a quartz acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) and an echelle grating has been assembled and tested for ICP-AES continuous emission monitoring of heavy metal and actinide elements in stack exhaust offgases introduced into an air plasma. The AOTF is a rapidly tunable bandpass filter that is used to select a small wavelength range (0.1 to 0.6 nm) of optical emission from the air plasma; the echelle grating provides high dispersion, yielding a spectral resolution of approximately 0.004 to 0.008 nm from 200 to 425 nm. The AOTF-echelle spectrometer, equipped with a photodiode array or CCD, provides rapid sequential multielement analysis capabilities. It is much more compact and portable than commercial ICP-AES echelle spectrometers, allowing use of the system in field and on-line process monitoring applications. Data will be presented that detail the resolution, detection limits, capabilities, and performance of the AOTF-echelle spectrometer for continuous emission monitoring of heavy metals (As, Be, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb) and actinides (including U isotopes). The potential use of the AOTF-echelle spectrometer with other emission sources and for other monitoring applications will be discussed. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Baldwin, DP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, 9 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2995-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3534 BP 478 EP 486 DI 10.1117/12.339029 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM82B UT WOS:000079845100051 ER PT S AU Mobley, J Bogard, JS Moscovitch, M Vo-Dinh, T AF Mobley, J Bogard, JS Moscovitch, M Vo-Dinh, T BE VoDinh, T Spellicy, RL TI Signal expressions and initial design for a 3-D ORAM radiation SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies CY NOV 02-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers ID DATA-STORAGE; MEMORY AB Three-dimensional optical memories which utilize two-photon processes have been proposed for use as a radiation dosimeter. The "bits" stored by the optical memory are altered by the passage of radiation and can yield information about the dose and energy. In this work, the "write" process of a two-photon optical memory is examined. This process uses a crossed-beam excitation scheme. By considering the spatial and temporal properties of the excitation sources used to drive the two-photon transitions, conditions are derived under which the number of absorption events due to the crossed-beams acting together outnumber the background events. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2995-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3534 BP 519 EP 530 DI 10.1117/12.339034 PG 12 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM82B UT WOS:000079845100055 ER PT S AU Stokes, DL Alarie, JP Ananthanarayanan, V Vo-Dinh, T AF Stokes, DL Alarie, JP Ananthanarayanan, V Vo-Dinh, T BE VoDinh, T Spellicy, RL TI Fiber optics SERS sensors for environmental monitoring SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies CY NOV 02-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE Raman; SERS; fiberoptics; probe; remote monitor; environmental monitor; sensor ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY; SILVER ELECTRODE; PROBE DESIGNS; ISLAND FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETRY; SUBSTRATE; SURFACES; SPECTRA AB The development of fiberoptic sensors for remote in-situ environmental monitoring using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is described. The approach to sensor development includes the initial development of SERS-active media on nanoparticle-based solid-surface substrates. These media are generally metal-coated nanoparticles that can be further modified for enhanced chemical selectivity, longevity and ruggedness. One example of surface modification is the application of a permeability-selective polymer, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). For remote environmental sensing applications, the planar solid SERS substrates have been successfully incorporated in a two-fiber probe design. We have also applied SERS-active media directly to an optical fiber as an integrated single-fiber design. Such sensors occupy much less volume and promote non intrusive monitoring systems. Linear response of the integrated sensor monitoring systems for various environmental chemicals with excellent correlation (> 0.99) has been observed in the part-per-billion (ppb) range. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2995-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3534 BP 647 EP 654 DI 10.1117/12.339047 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM82B UT WOS:000079845100070 ER PT S AU Alarie, JP Bruttig, A Miller, GH Hill, W Vo-Dinh, T AF Alarie, JP Bruttig, A Miller, GH Hill, W Vo-Dinh, T BE VoDinh, T Spellicy, RL TI Monitoring system for the study of autotrophic biofilms in bioremediation of polyaromatic compounds SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies CY NOV 02-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; SYNCHRONOUS LUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SPECTROMETRY; PHOSPHORESCENCE; SENSOR; WATER C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2995-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3534 BP 670 EP 676 DI 10.1117/12.339048 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM82B UT WOS:000079845100073 ER PT S AU Baldwin, DP Zamzow, DS Eckels, DE Miller, GP AF Baldwin, DP Zamzow, DS Eckels, DE Miller, GP BE VoDinh, T Spellicy, RL TI A continuous sampling air-ICP for metals emission monitoring SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies II CY SEP 20-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Air & Waste Management Assoc, Opt Sci Div DE continuous emission monitor; air plasma; ICP-AES; AOTF; echelle spectrometer ID DETECTION LIMITS AB An air-inductively coupled plasma (air-ICP) system has been developed for continuous sampling and monitoring of metals as a continuous emission monitor (CEM). The plasma is contained in a metal enclosure to allow reduced-pressure operation. The enclosure and plasma are operated at a pressure slightly less than atmospheric using a Roots blower, so that sample gas is continuously drawn into the plasma. A Teflon sampling chamber, equipped with a sampling pump, is connected to the stack that is to be monitored to isokinetically sample gas from the exhaust line and introduce the sample into the air-ICP. Optical emission from metals in the sampled gas stream is detected and monitored using an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF)-echelle spectrometer system. A description of the continuous sampling air-ICP system is given, along with some preliminary laboratory data for continuous monitoring of metals. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Baldwin, DP (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, 9 Spedding Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3446-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3853 BP 213 EP 220 DI 10.1117/12.372855 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BP39N UT WOS:000084986200023 ER PT S AU Cullum, BM Mobley, J Bogard, JS Moscovitch, M Vo-Dinh, T AF Cullum, BM Mobley, J Bogard, JS Moscovitch, M Vo-Dinh, T BE VoDinh, T Spellicy, RL TI Development of instrumental ORAM system for radiation dosimetry SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies II CY SEP 20-22, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE, Air & Waste Management Assoc, Opt Sci Div DE 3D-ORAM; optical memories; radiation dosimeter; multiphoton fluorescence; photochromic dyes; ICCD ID MEMORY AB The development of an optical-based dosimeter for neutrons and heavy charged particles is described. It is based on the use of three dimensional (3-D) optical memory materials, used in optical computing applications, and multiphoton fluorescence of photochromic dyes. Development and characterization of various types of dosimeter materials are described as well as the optical readout system. In addition, various excitation geometries for "reading" and "writing" to the optical memories are also discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3446-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3853 BP 376 EP 384 DI 10.1117/12.372875 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BP39N UT WOS:000084986200041 ER PT J AU Entry, JA Watrud, LS Reeves, M AF Entry, JA Watrud, LS Reeves, M TI Accumulation of Cs-137 and Sr-90 from contaminated soil by three grass species inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE Cs-137; Sr-90; radionuclides; contaminated ID CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT; RADIOACTIVE CESIUM; RADIOCESIUM; SEEDLINGS; RADIONUCLIDES; PONDEROSA; INFECTION; INTENSITY; SEASON; ROOTS AB The use of plants to accumulate low level radioactive waste from soil, followed by incineration of plant material to concentrate radionuclides may prove to be a viable and economical method of remediating contaminated areas. We tested the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on Cs-137 and Sr-90 uptake by bahia grass (Paspalum notatum), johnson grass (Sorghum halpense) and switchgrass (Panicum virginatum) for the effectiveness on three different contaminated soil types. Exposure to Cs-137 Or Sr-90 over the course of the experiment did not affect above ground biomass of the three grasses. The above ground biomass of bahia, johnson and switchgrass plants accumulated from 26.3 to 71.7% of the total amount of the Cs-137 and from 23.8 to 88.7% of the total amount of the Sr-90 added to the soil after three harvests. In each of the three grass species tested, plants inoculated with Glomus mosseae or Glomus intraradices had greater aboveground plant biomass, higher concentrations of Cs-137 or Sr-90 in plant tissue, % accumulation of Cs-137 or Sr-90 from soil and plant bioconcentration ratios at each harvest than those that did not receive mycorrhizal inoculation. Johnson grass had greater aboveground plant biomass, greater accumulation of Cs-137 or Sr-90 from soil and plant higher bioconcentration ratios with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi than bahia grass and switchgrass. The greatest accumulation of Cs-137 and Sr-90 was observed in johnson grass inoculated with G. mosseae. Grasses can grow in wide geographical ranges that include a broad variety of edaphic conditions. The highly efficient removal of these radionuclides by these grass species after inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae supports the concept that remediation of radionuclide contaminated soils using mycorrhizal plants may present a viable strategy to remediate and reclaim sites contaminated with radionuclides. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soil Res Lab, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. US EPA, Terr Plant Ecol Branch, Environm Res Lab, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Entry, JA (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NW Irrigat & Soil Res Lab, 3793 N 3600 E, Kimberly, ID 83341 USA. EM jentry@kimberly.ars.pn.usbr.gov NR 45 TC 66 Z9 91 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1999 VL 104 IS 3 BP 449 EP 457 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00163-8 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 159MZ UT WOS:000078178700016 ER PT J AU Wuebbles, DJ Jain, A Edmonds, J Harvey, D Hayhoe, K AF Wuebbles, DJ Jain, A Edmonds, J Harvey, D Hayhoe, K TI Global change: state of the science SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Issues in Environmental Pollution (IEP 98) - The State and Use of Science and Predictive Models CY AUG, 1998 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Elsevier Sci Ltd DE global climate change; ozone; greenhouse gasses ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; TRANSIENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; GREENHOUSE GASES; GROWTH-RATES; TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; DRAMATIC DECREASE; SOLAR IRRADIANCE AB Only recently, within a few decades, have we realized that humanity significantly influences the global environment. In the early 1980s, atmospheric measurements confirmed basic concepts developed a decade earlier. These basic concepts showed that human activities were affecting the ozone layer. Later measurements and theoretical analyses have clearly connected observed changes in ozone to human-related increases of chlorine and bromine in the stratosphere. As a result of prompt international policy agreements, the combined abundances of ozone-depleting compounds peaked in 1994 and ozone is already beginning a slow path to recovery. A much more difficult problem confronting humanity is the impact of increasing levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases on global climate. The processes that connect greenhouse gas emissions to climate are very complex. This complexity has limited our ability to make a definitive projection of future climate change. Nevertheless, the range of projected climate change shows that global warming has the potential to severely impact human welfare and our planet as a whole. This paper evaluates the state of the scientific understanding of the global change issues, their potential impacts, and the relationships of scientific understanding to policy considerations. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Geog, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. RP Wuebbles, DJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016 OI Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228 NR 133 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 4 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1999 VL 100 IS 1-3 BP 57 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00088-3 PG 30 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 228VE UT WOS:000082155700007 PM 15093113 ER PT J AU Kickert, RN Tonella, G Simonov, A Krupa, SV AF Kickert, RN Tonella, G Simonov, A Krupa, SV TI Predictive modeling of effects under global change SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Issues in Environmental Pollution (IEP 98) - The State and Use of Science and Predictive Models CY AUG, 1998 CL DENVER, CO SP Elsevier Sci Ltd DE computer simulation; ecological assessment; ecosystem; climate change; predictive modeling ID SOLLING SPRUCE SITE; CLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; FOREST ECOSYSTEM PROCESSES; GENERIC PLANT SIMULATOR; ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS; LAND-USE CHANGE; OF-THE-ART; ELEVATED CO2; BIOSPHERE-MODEL AB The status of computer simulation models from around the world for evaluating the possible ecological, environmental, and societal consequences of global change is presented in this paper. In addition, a brief synopsis of the state of the science of these impacts is included. Issues considered include future changes in climate and patterns of land use for societal needs, Models dis cussed relate to vegetation (e.g, crop), soil, bio-geochemistry, water, and wildlife responses to conventional, forecasted changes in temperature and precipitation. Also described are models of these responses, alone and interactively, to increased CO2, other air pollutants and UV-B radiation, as the state of the science allows. Further, models of land-use change are included. Additionally, global multiple sector models of environment, natural resources, human population dynamics, economics, energy, and political relations are reviewed for integrated impact assessment. To the extent available, information on computer software and hardware requirements is presented for the various models. The paper concludes with comments about using these technologies as they relate to ecological risk assessment for policy decision analysis. Such an effort is hampered by considerable uncertainties with the output of existing models, because of the uncertainties associated with input data and the definitions of their dose-response relationships. The concluding suggestions point the direction for new developments in modeling and analyses that are needed for the 21st century. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Los Andes, Simulat & Modeling Res Ctr, CESIMO, Merida, Venezuela. Univ Svizzera Italiana, Fac Econ, Lugano, Switzerland. Pushchino State Univ, Pushchino Ctr New Informat Technol, Pushchino 142292, Moscow Region, Russia. Univ Minnesota, Dept Plant Pathol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Pacific NW Natl Lab, Ecol Grp, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM rn_kickert@pnl.gov; krupa001@maroon.tc.umn.edu NR 281 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 EI 1873-6424 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PY 1999 VL 100 IS 1-3 BP 87 EP 132 DI 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00089-5 PG 46 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 228VE UT WOS:000082155700008 PM 15093114 ER PT J AU Elliott, S Streit, GE Gaffney, JS Bossert, JE Brown, M Reisner, J McNair, LA AF Elliott, S Streit, GE Gaffney, JS Bossert, JE Brown, M Reisner, J McNair, LA TI Pathways for the oxidation of sarin in urban atmospheres SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aerosol; hydroxyl; nerve agents; ozone; sarin; terrorism; urban environment AB The nerve agent sarin has recently been deployed by terrorists in a major city. The molecule is volatile and made its way to many victims by passing as vapor through a highly reactive medium. Here we estimate rates and pathways for the removal of gas phase sarin from a generalized urban atmosphere. Only information from the open scientific literature is used. By structure reactivity comparisons with the organophosphorus pesticides, hydroxyl radical hydrogen abstraction may occur in as little as one hour. Decomposition of side chains after hydroxyl attack leads to organic oxygenates which preserve the phosphono-fluoridate and so toxicity. The aqueous aerosol surface is contacted in minutes and offers access to a range of dissolved nucleophiles. Substitution displaces the fluoride leaving group, giving safe phosphoric acid analogs. Because of uncertainties in the electron distribution and in aqueous decay mechanisms, the time constants must be viewed as lower limits. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Anal Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Elliott, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. OI Brown, Michael J./0000-0002-8069-0835 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA RUDOLF-DIESEL-STR 3, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 1999 VL 6 IS 2 BP 103 EP 105 DI 10.1007/BF02987561 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 187RK UT WOS:000079800500009 PM 19009414 ER PT J AU Young, A MacDonell, M AF Young, A MacDonell, M TI Facing the environmental risk issues of the Cold War legacy SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Young, A (reprint author), US DOE, Ctr Risk Excellence, 9800 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ECOMED PUBLISHERS PI LANDSBERG PA RUDOLF-DIESEL-STR 3, D-86899 LANDSBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PY 1999 VL 6 IS 4 BP 186 EP 187 DI 10.1007/BF02987321 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 248JP UT WOS:000083271600002 PM 19005660 ER PT J AU Tiemann, KJ Gardea-Torresdey, JL Gamez, G Dokken, K Sias, S AF Tiemann, KJ Gardea-Torresdey, JL Gamez, G Dokken, K Sias, S TI Use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and esterification to investigate Cr(III) and Ni(II) ligands in alfalfa biomass SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEDICAGO-SATIVA ALFALFA; METAL-ION BINDING; DATURA-INNOXIA; HEAVY-METAL; EU(III) LUMINESCENCE; DISSOLVED METALS; CD-113 NMR; COPPER; NICKEL; ADSORPTION AB Previously performed studies have shown that alfalfa shoot biomass can bind an appreciable amount of nickel(II) and chromium(III) ions from aqueous solution. Direct and indirect approaches were applied to study the possible mechanisms involved in metal binding by the alfalfa biomass. The direct approach involves investigations of the metal-bound alfalfa shoot biomass by X-ray absorption spectroscopic analysis (XANES and EXAFS). Results from these studies suggest that nickel(II) and chromium(III) binding mostly occurs through coordination with oxygen ligands. Indirect approaches consist of chemical modification of carboxylate groups that have been shown to play an important role in metal binding to the alfalfa biomass. An appreciable decrease in metal binding resulted after acidic methanol esterification of the biomass, indicating that carboxyl groups are entailed in the metal binding by the alfalfa biomass. In addition, base hydrolysis of the alfalfa biomass increased the binding of these metals, which further indicates that carboxyl groups play an important role in the binding of these metal ions from solution. Therefore, by combining two different techniques, our results indicate that carboxylate groups are the major ligands responsible for the binding of nickel(II) and chromium(III) by alfalfa biomass. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Gardea-Torresdey, JL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RI Gamez, Gerardo/C-9733-2011 OI Gamez, Gerardo/0000-0002-8827-6647 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [P41 EB002035]; NIGMS NIH HHS [S06 GM008012] NR 40 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 1999 VL 33 IS 1 BP 150 EP 154 DI 10.1021/es9804722 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 155NW UT WOS:000077954100039 PM 27045146 ER PT J AU Subramanian, A Kennel, SJ Oden, PI Jacobson, KB Woodward, J Doktycz, MJ AF Subramanian, A Kennel, SJ Oden, PI Jacobson, KB Woodward, J Doktycz, MJ TI Comparison of techniques for enzyme immobilization on silicon supports SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE enzyme immobilization; glucose oxidase; silicon; spectrophotometric assay ID GLUCOSE AB Enzyme immobilization onto silicon substrates has been investigated by five different coupling procedures. The methods included covalent coupling either through a metal link reagent or silane reagents containing pendant amino or epoxide linkers, an entrapment technique using a thin layer of gelatin, or an adsorption technique using poly-L-lysine. These immobilization procedures were evaluated using glucose oxidase and a simple spectrophotometric method employing Fenton's reagent. Retention of enzyme activity and surface loading were assessed. The immobilization techniques were also evaluated by electron microscopy to characterize the evenness of the surface coatings. All of the covalent coupling procedures led to surface loadings, approaching I pmol mm(-2); however, the surfaces appeared irregular on a microscopic scale. The poly-L-lysine adsorption technique provided the smoothest surface. With the exception of the entrapment technique, all immobilization procedures provided immobilized enzyme that retained >75% activity after several weeks of storage. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Div Life Sci, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Doktycz, MJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011 OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343 NR 19 TC 119 Z9 122 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 34 DI 10.1016/S0141-0229(98)00084-2 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 140CR UT WOS:000077069600004 ER PT J AU Kastner, JR Thompson, DN Cherry, RS AF Kastner, JR Thompson, DN Cherry, RS TI Water-soluble polymer for increasing the biodegradation of sparingly soluble vapors SO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE surfactant; pluronic F68; hexane; VOC; Henry's law; biofilter; biofiltration ID HENRYS LAW CONSTANTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; GAS-TREATMENT; HYDROCARBONS; SURFACTANTS; DEGRADATION; ASSOCIATION; SOLUBILITY; BEHAVIOR AB Microbial degradation of hexane vapor was tested in liquid cultures of Mycobacterium ID-Y and in a compost biofilter in the presence of Pluronic F68 (PF68). PF68, a nonionic block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, is water soluble, nontoxic, and relatively nonbiodegradable. PF68 was added at 0-20 wt % to enhance the aqueous solubility of hexane and thereby increase its degradation rate. The distribution coefficient of hexane (m = H(c)/RT or C(g)C(1)) decreased by six times at 2.5 wt % PF68 with little additional decrease seen above 2.5 wt %. In liquid culture, PF68 increased specific growth rates of Mycobacterium ID-Yen hexane by about three times and increased the rate of hexane vapor degradation. Rates of hexane degradation were not increased however, in compost biofilters supplemented with 5.0 wt % PF68. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Dept Biotechnol, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Thompson, DN (reprint author), Idaho Natl Lab, Dept Biotechnol, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-0229 J9 ENZYME MICROB TECH JI Enzyme Microb. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 24 IS 1-2 BP 104 EP 110 DI 10.1016/S0141-0229(98)00108-2 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 140CR UT WOS:000077069600014 ER PT S AU Matson, R Thiesen, J Jones, KM Crandall, R Iwaniczko, E Mahan, H AF Matson, R Thiesen, J Jones, KM Crandall, R Iwaniczko, E Mahan, H BE Barabasi, AL Krishnamurthy, M Liu, F Pearsall, T TI The use of electron channeling patterns for process optimization of low-temperature epitaxial silicon using hot-wire chemical vapor deposition SO EPITAXIAL GROWTH-PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Epitaxial Growth-Principles and Applications CY APR 05-08, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB dWe demonstrate the first reported use of electron channeling patterns (ECPs) as a response for a statistical design of experiments process-optimization for epitaxial silicon. In an effort to fully characterize the new hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) method of epitaxial growth recently discovered at NREL, a large number of parameters with widely varying values needed to be considered. To accomplish this, we used the statistical design of experiments method. This technique allows one to limit the number of sample points necessary to evaluate a given parameter space. In this work we demonstrate how ECPs can effectively be used to optimize the process space as well as to quickly and economically provide the process engineer with absolutely key information. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Matson, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-477-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 570 BP 135 EP 140 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BN69F UT WOS:000082591100018 ER PT S AU Thiesen, J Jones, KM Matson, R Reedy, R Iwaniczko, E Mahan, H Crandall, R AF Thiesen, J Jones, KM Matson, R Reedy, R Iwaniczko, E Mahan, H Crandall, R BE Barabasi, AL Krishnamurthy, M Liu, F Pearsall, T TI The growth of homo-epitaxial silicon at low temperatures using hot wire chemical vapor deposition SO EPITAXIAL GROWTH-PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Epitaxial Growth-Principles and Applications CY APR 05-08, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; CRYSTALLINE SEMICONDUCTORS; HYDROGEN DESORPTION; SI(100); SI; SURFACES AB We report on the first known growth of high-quality epitaxial Si via the hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) method. This method yields epitaxial Si at the comparatively low temperatures of 195 degrees to 450 degrees C, and relatively high growth rates of 3 to 20 Angstrom/sec. Layers up to 4500-Angstrom thick have been grown. These epitaxial layers have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), indicating large regions of nearly perfect atomic registration. Electron channeling patterns ( ECPs) generated on a scanning electron microscope (SEM) have been used to characterize, as well as optimize the growth process. Electron beam induced current (EBIC) characterization has also been performed, indicating defect densities as low as 8x10(4)/cm(2). Secondary ion beam mass spectrometry (SIMS) data shows that these layers have reasonable impurity levels within the constraints of our current deposition system. Both n and p-type layers were grown and p/n diodes have been fabricated. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-477-7 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 570 BP 261 EP 271 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BN69F UT WOS:000082591100035 ER PT B AU Guzik, JA Cox, AN Despain, KM AF Guzik, JA Cox, AN Despain, KM BE Morse, JA Humphreys, RM Damineli, A TI Pulsation-driven outflows in Luminous Blue Variables SO ETA CARINAE AT THE MILLENNIUM SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on ETA Carinae at the Millennium CY JUL 19-23, 1998 CL GALLATIN GATEWAY, MT ID ETA-CARINAE; OUTBURSTS; LIMIT; INSTABILITY; STABILITY; STARS; LBVS; MASS AB The cause of the Great Eruption of eta Carinae in 1843, and the Lesser Eruption around 1890 remains a mystery. For that matter, the cause of the slightly less dramatic, but somewhat more frequent "normal" outbursts in S Doradus-type variables, and the reason for the observational Humphreys-Davidson limit in the H-R diagram are also unknown. Here we present preliminary results of our one-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling of Luminous Blue Variable envelopes. We discuss a mechanism involving the relationship between radiative and convective energy transport during the pulsation cycle of massive stars in the LBV instability strip, that causes the Eddington limit to be exceeded for a portion of the pulsation cycle. This periodic exceeding of the Eddington limit may result in enhanced mass loss, or possibly trigger LBV outbursts. We also comment on whether a pulsation-modulated wind colliding with a wind from a binary companion could be responsible for the 85-day periodicities reported in the X-ray observations of eta Carinae. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, XTA MS B220, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Damineli, Augusto/D-8210-2012 OI Damineli, Augusto/0000-0002-7978-2994 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-003-X J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 179 BP 347 EP 353 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BN97L UT WOS:000083707900045 ER PT S AU Casanova, H Kim, MH Plank, JS Dongarra, JJ AF Casanova, H Kim, MH Plank, JS Dongarra, JJ BE Amestoy, P Berger, P Dayde, M Duff, I Fraysse, V Giraud, L Ruiz, D TI Adaptive scheduling for task farming with Grid middleware SO EURO-PAR'99: PARALLEL PROCESSING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Euro-Par Conference CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 1999 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP Ctr Europeen Rech & Format Avancee Calcul Sci, Ecole Natl Super Electr Electrotech Informat & Hydraul Toulouse, Inst Rech Inform DE farming; master-slave parallelism; scheduling; metacomputing; Grid Computing AB Scheduling in metacomputing environments is an active field of research as the vision of a Computational Grid becomes more concrete. An important class of Grid applications are long-running parallel computations with large numbers of somewhat independent tasks (Monte-Carlo simulations, parameter-space searches, etc.). A number of Grid middle ware projects are available to implement such applications but scheduling strategies are still open research issues. This is mainly due to the diversity of both Grid resource types and of their availability patterns. The purpose of this work is to develop and validate a general adaptive scheduling algorithm for task farming applications along with, a user interface that makes the algorithm accessible to domain scientists. Our algorithm is general in that it is not tailored to a particular Grid middleware and that it requires very few assumptions concerning the nature of the resources. Our first testbed is NetSolve as it allows quick and easy development of the algorithm by isolating the developer from issues such as process control, I/O, remote software access, or fault-tolerance. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. SoongSil Univ, Sch Comp, Seoul 156743, South Korea. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Math Sci Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Casanova, H (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-66443-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1685 BP 30 EP 43 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ96Y UT WOS:000165172300003 ER PT S AU Simon, HD Kramer, WTC Lucas, RF AF Simon, HD Kramer, WTC Lucas, RF BE Amestoy, P Berger, P Dayde, M Duff, I Fraysse, V Giraud, L Ruiz, D TI Building the teraflops/petabytes production supercomputing center SO EURO-PAR'99: PARALLEL PROCESSING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Euro-Par Conference CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 1999 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP Ctr Europeen Rech & Format Avancee Calcul Sci, Ecole Natl Super Electr Electrotech Informat & Hydraul Toulouse, Inst Rech Inform AB In just one decade, the 1990s, supercomputer centers have undergone two fundamental transitions which require rethinking their operation and their role in high performance computing. The first transition in the early to mid-1990s resulted from a technology change in high performance computing architecture. Highly parallel distributed memory machines built from commodity parts increased the operational complexity of the supercomputer center, and required the introduction of intellectual services as equally important components of the center. The second transition is happening in the late 1990s as centers are introducing loosely coupled clusters of SMPs as their premier high performance computing platforms, while dealing with an ever-increasing volume of data. In addition, increasing network bandwidth enables new modes of use of a supercomputer center, in particular, computational grid applications. In this paper we describe what steps NERSC is taking to address these issues and stay at the leading edge of supercomputing centers. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NERSC, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Simon, HD (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, NERSC, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Mail Stop 50B-4230, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-66443-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1685 BP 61 EP 77 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ96Y UT WOS:000165172300005 ER PT S AU Crivelli, S Head-Gordon, T Byrd, R Eskow, E Schnabel, R AF Crivelli, S Head-Gordon, T Byrd, R Eskow, E Schnabel, R BE Amestoy, P Berger, P Dayde, M Duff, I Fraysse, V Giraud, L Ruiz, D TI A hierarchical approach for parallelization of a global optimization method for protein structure prediction SO EURO-PAR'99: PARALLEL PROCESSING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Euro-Par Conference CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 1999 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP Ctr Europeen Rech & Format Avancee Calcul Sci, Ecole Natl Super Electr Electrotech Informat & Hydraul Toulouse, Inst Rech Inform ID SECONDARY AB We discuss the parallelization of our protein structure prediction algorithm on distributed-memory computers. Because the computation can be represented as a search through a vast tree of possible solutions, a hierarchical approach that assigns subtrees to different groups of processors allows us to partition the work efficiently and maintain information updated without incurring significant communication overhead. Our results show that a dynamic strategy for load balancing outperforms the static one. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Crivelli, S (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-66443-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1685 BP 578 EP 585 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ96Y UT WOS:000165172300074 ER PT S AU Arbenz, P Cleary, A Dongarra, J Hegland, M AF Arbenz, P Cleary, A Dongarra, J Hegland, M BE Amestoy, P Berger, P Dayde, M Duff, I Fraysse, V Giraud, L Ruiz, D TI A comparison of parallel solvers for diagonally dominant and general narrow-banded linear systems II SO EURO-PAR'99: PARALLEL PROCESSING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Euro-Par Conference CY AUG 31-SEP 03, 1999 CL TOULOUSE, FRANCE SP Ctr Europeen Rech & Format Avancee Calcul Sci, Ecole Natl Super Electr Electrotech Informat & Hydraul Toulouse, Inst Rech Inform AB We continue the comparison of parallel algorithms for solving diagonally dominant and general narrow-banded linear systems of equations that we started in [2]. The solvers compared are the banded system solvers of ScaLAPACK [6] and those investigated by Arbenz and Hegland [1, 5]. We present the numerical experiments that we conducted on the IBM SP/2. C1 ETH Zurich, Inst Comp Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Appl Sci Comp, Livermore, CA USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Australian Natl Univ, RSISE, Comp Sci Lab, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Arbenz, P (reprint author), ETH Zurich, Inst Comp Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014; Hegland, Markus/A-3583-2009 OI Hegland, Markus/0000-0002-5136-2883 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-66443-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1999 VL 1685 BP 1078 EP 1087 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ96Y UT WOS:000165172300138 ER PT S AU Anderssen, E Hauviller, C Perrin, E Tappern, G AF Anderssen, E Hauviller, C Perrin, E Tappern, G GP EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY EUROPEAN SPACE AGCY TI High stability composites structures for ATLAS high precision particle detectors SO EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SPACECRAFT STRUCTURES, MATERIALS AND MECHANICAL TESTING, PROCEEDINGS SE ESA SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Conference on Spacecraft Structures, Materials and Mechanical Testing CY NOV 04-06, 1998 CL BRAUNSCHWEIG, GERMANY SP European Space Agcy, CNES, DLR, DGLR DE high energy particle physics; tracker; precision detector; lightweight structures; high performance composites; mechanical stability; environmental degradation AB The LHC (Large Hadron Collider) is under construction at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva). The ATLAS detector having an overall cylindrical shape with a diameter of 20 metres, length of 20 metres and mass of 15000 tons will be located at one of the LHC interaction points. At the centre of ATLAS is the Inner Detector which has very stringent specifications: i.e. to track thousands of particles to a spatial resolution in the order of tens of microns inside a volume of 28 cubic metres. The detecting elements and their associated electronics have high intrinsic resolution, but the mass and stability of the mechanical structures may generate large tracking errors. Optimisation of materials leads to structures made of high performance composites, but a hostile environment together with the inherent mechanical behaviour leads to major concerns at the micron level in the stability of these structures. Specific examples of composite structures foreseen for the ATLAS inner detector are described. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anderssen, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY PI PARIS PA 8-10 RUE MARIO NIKIS, 75738 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0379-6566 BN 92-9092-712-7 J9 ESA SP PUBL PY 1999 VL 428 BP 711 EP 716 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM85X UT WOS:000079946900102 ER PT J AU Zhou, XD Shukla, AK Futrell, JH AF Zhou, XD Shukla, AK Futrell, JH TI Collision-induced dissociation of CS2+ to S-2(+) at kilovolt laboratory energies SO EUROPEAN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE collision-induced dissociation; energy transfer; electron excitation; energy release; carbon disulfide ion ID PHOTO-IONIZATION; CARBON-DISULFIDE; MOLECULAR ION; CATIONS AB Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of CS2+ molecular ions to S-2(+) ions at laboratory collision energies ranging from 1 to 6 keV energy has been studied by mass analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry (MIKES) utilizing a reversed geometry tandem mass spectrometer. The dissociation proceeds via four energetically distinct pathways which are strongly dependent upon the kinetic energy of the ion and on the nature of the collision gas. CID with argon neutrals is dominated at all energies by the lowest energy threshold reaction, which is endothermic by about 6 eV, whereas the energetics of the process differ and are strongly dependent on the ion kinetic energy when lighter collision gases (He, H-2 and D-2) are used for collisional activation. The most probable energy transfer from kinetic to internal modes is 11 +/- 2 eV for these collision gases. A highly endothermic channel with kinetic energy loss of similar to 41 +/- 4 eV opens up when the energy of the ions is reduced to 3 keV and less, At 1 keV ion energy, there is a small contribution to the total CID from a highly exothermic channel (kinetic energy release of 47 +/- 5 eV) that is observed with all collision gases under low pressure conditions in the collision cell. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Zhou, XD (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, William R Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IM PUBLICATIONS PI W SUSSEX PA 6 CHARLTON MILL, CHARLTON, CHICHESTER,, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO18 0HY SN 1356-1049 J9 EUR MASS SPECTROM JI Eur. Mass Spectrom. PY 1999 VL 5 IS 5 BP 369 EP 374 DI 10.1255/ejms.297 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 307DB UT WOS:000086637200013 ER PT J AU Breitweg, J Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Talaga, RL Yoshida, R Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Schnurbusch, H Wieber, H Bailey, DS Campbell-Robson, S Cottingham, WN Foster, B Hall-Wilton, N Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Roff, DG Tapper, RJ Capua, M Iannotti, L Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Czermak, AM Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Abbiendi, G Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Gialas, I Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Martinez, M Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Notz, D Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Saull, PRB Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Stonjek, S Surrow, B Tassi, E Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, R Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, P Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Fleck, JI Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L del Peso, J Puga, J Terron, J de Troconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, GD Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, E Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Joe, KK Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Saunders, RL Sutton, MR Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Dasu, S Foudas, C Loveless, RJ Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB AF Breitweg, J Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Talaga, RL Yoshida, R Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Schnurbusch, H Wieber, H Bailey, DS Campbell-Robson, S Cottingham, WN Foster, B Hall-Wilton, N Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Roff, DG Tapper, RJ Capua, M Iannotti, L Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Czermak, AM Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Abbiendi, G Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Gialas, I Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Martinez, M Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Notz, D Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Saull, PRB Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Stonjek, S Surrow, B Tassi, E Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, R Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, P Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Fleck, JI Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L del Peso, J Puga, J Terron, J de Troconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, GD Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, E Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Joe, KK Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Saunders, RL Sutton, MR Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Dasu, S Foudas, C Loveless, RJ Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of the diffractive cross section in deep inelastic scattering using ZEUS 1994 data SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Review ID LARGE RAPIDITY GAP; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION F-2(X,Q(2)); CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; POMERON STRUCTURE; EP SCATTERING; HARD DIFFRACTION; LOW-X; HERA; DISSOCIATION AB The DIS diffractive cross section, d sigma(gamma*p-->XN)(diff)/dM(X), has been measured in the mass range M-X < 15 GeV for gamma*p c.m. energies 60 < W < 200 GeV and photon virtualities Q(2) = 7 to 140 GeV2. For fixed Q(2) and M-X, the diffractive cross section rises rapidly with W, d sigma(gamma*p-->XN)(diff) (M-X, W, Q(2))/dM(X) proportional to W-adiff with a(diff) = 0.507 +/- 0.034(stat)(-0.046)(+0.155) (syst) corresponding to a t-averaged pomeron trajectory of <(alpha)over bar>(P) = 1.127 +/- 0.009(stat)(-0.012)(+0.039) (syst) which is larger than <(alpha)over bar>(P) observed in hadron-hadron scattering The W dependence of the diffractive cross section is found to be the same as that of the total cross section for scattering of virtual photons on protons. The data are consistent with the assumption that the diffractive structure function F-2(D(3)) factorizes according to x(P)F(2)(D(3))(x(p), beta, Q(2)) = (x(0)/x(P))F-n(2)D(2) (beta, Q(2)). They are also consistent with QCD based models which incorporate factorization breaking. The rise of x(P)F(2)(D(3)) with decreasing x(P) and the weak dependence of F-2(D(2)) On Q(2) suggest a substantial contribution from partonic interactions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY USA. Inst Phys Nucl, Krakow, Poland. Acad Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Techniques, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, IFH, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Exp Phys 1, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Phys Nucl, Moscow, Russia. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Fac Sci 2, Allessandria, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Allessandria, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. CNR, IROE, I-50127 Florence, Italy. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016 OI Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240 NR 115 TC 216 Z9 216 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 1999 VL 6 IS 1 BP 43 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s100520050321 PG 24 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 143DP UT WOS:000077240000004 ER PT J AU Breitweg, J Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, I Talaga, RL Yoshida, I Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Frock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, I Eckert, M Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Schnurbusch, H Wieber, H Bailey, DS Campbell-Robson, S Cottingham, WN Foster, B Hall-Wilton, R Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Roff, DG Tapper, RJ Capua, M Iannotti, L Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Czermak, AM Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Abbiendi, G Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Gialas, I Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Martinez, M Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Notz, D Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Saull, PRB Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Stonjek, S Surrow, B Tassi, E Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, C Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, N Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Fleck, JI Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L del Peso, J Puga, J Terron, J de Troconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Joe, KK Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Saunders, RL Sutton, MR Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Dasu, S Foudas, C Loveless, RJ Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB AF Breitweg, J Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, I Talaga, RL Yoshida, I Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Frock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, I Eckert, M Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Schnurbusch, H Wieber, H Bailey, DS Campbell-Robson, S Cottingham, WN Foster, B Hall-Wilton, R Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Roff, DG Tapper, RJ Capua, M Iannotti, L Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Czermak, AM Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Abbiendi, G Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Gialas, I Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Martinez, M Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Notz, D Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Saull, PRB Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Stonjek, S Surrow, B Tassi, E Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, C Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, N Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Fleck, JI Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L del Peso, J Puga, J Terron, J de Troconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Joe, KK Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Saunders, RL Sutton, MR Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Dasu, S Foudas, C Loveless, RJ Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB CA ZEUS Collaboraion TI Measurement of inclusive D*(+/-) and associated dijet cross sections in photoproduction at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; HEAVY FLAVOR PRODUCTION; HADRON-COLLISIONS; EP-COLLISIONS; FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; E+E ANNIHILATION; PHOTON; CONSTRUCTION AB Inclusive photoproduction of D*(+/-) mesons has been measured for photon-proton centre-of-mass energies in the range 130 < W < 280GeV and photon virtuality Q(2) < 1 GeV2. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 37 pb(-1). Total and differential cross sections as functions of the D* transverse momentum and pseudorapidity are presented in restricted kinematical regions and the data are compared with next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative QCD calculations using the "massive charm" and "massless charm" schemes. The measured cross sections are generally above the NLO calculations, in particular in the forward (proton) direction. The large data sample also allows the study of dijet production associated with charm. A significant resolved as well as a direct photon component contribute to the cross section. Leading order QCD Monte Carlo calculations indicate that the resolved contribution arises from a significant charm component in the photon. A massive charm NLO parton level calculation yields lower cross sections compared to the measured results in a kinematic region where the resolved photon contribution is significant. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY USA. Inst Phys Nucl, Krakow, Poland. Acad Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Techniques, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, IFH, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, I-50121 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Exp Phys 1, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Phys Nucl, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Fac Sci 2, Alessandria, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Alessandria, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Phys Expt, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. CNR, IROE, I-50127 Florence, Italy. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011 OI Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636 NR 57 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 1999 VL 6 IS 1 BP 67 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s100520050322 PG 17 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 143DP UT WOS:000077240000005 ER PT J AU Breitweg, J Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Talaga, RL Yoshida, R Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G CaraRomeo, G Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Stamm, J Wieber, H Bailey, DS Campbell-Robson, S Cottingham, WN Foster, B Hall-Wilton, R Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Roff, DG Tapper, RJ Ayad, R Capua, M Iannotti, L Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Czermak, AM Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Abbiendi, G Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Gialas, I Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Ng, JST Notz, D Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Saull, PRB Savin, AA Schneckloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Stonjek, S Surrow, B Tassi, E Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, V Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gladilin, LK Horstmann, D Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Schott, W Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Fleck, JI Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L Martinez, M del Peso, J Puga, J Terron, J de Troconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Hung, LW Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Ullmann, R Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Bulmahn, J Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Hartner, GF Joo, KK Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Teuscher, RJ Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Jones, TW Lane, JB Saunders, RL Sutton, MR Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kasprzak, M Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Dasu, S Foudas, C Loveless, RJ Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB AF Breitweg, J Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Talaga, RL Yoshida, R Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G CaraRomeo, G Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Stamm, J Wieber, H Bailey, DS Campbell-Robson, S Cottingham, WN Foster, B Hall-Wilton, R Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Roff, DG Tapper, RJ Ayad, R Capua, M Iannotti, L Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Czermak, AM Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Abbiendi, G Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Gialas, I Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Ng, JST Notz, D Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Saull, PRB Savin, AA Schneckloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Stonjek, S Surrow, B Tassi, E Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, V Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gladilin, LK Horstmann, D Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Schott, W Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Fleck, JI Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L Martinez, M del Peso, J Puga, J Terron, J de Troconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Hung, LW Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Ullmann, R Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Bulmahn, J Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Hartner, GF Joo, KK Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Teuscher, RJ Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Jones, TW Lane, JB Saunders, RL Sutton, MR Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kasprzak, M Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Dasu, S Foudas, C Loveless, RJ Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Forward jet production in deep inelastic scattering at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; MONTE-CARLO GENERATOR; TO-LEADING ORDER; LOW-X REGIME; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; MOMENTUM SPECTRA; EVENT GENERATOR; QCD COHERENCE; EP SCATTERING; ENERGY AB The inclusive forward jet cross section in deep inelastic e(+)p scattering has been measured in the region of x-Bjorken, 4.5.10(-4) to 4.5.10(-2) This measurement is motivated by the search for effects of BFKL-like parton shower evolution. The cross section at hadron level as a function of x is compared to cross sections predicted by various Monte Carlo models. An excess of forward jet production at small x is observed, which is not reproduced by models based on DGLAP parton shower evolution. The Colour Dipole model describes the data reasonably well. Predictions of perturbative QCD calculations at the parton level based on BFKL and DGLAP parton evolution are discussed in the context of this measurement. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Acad Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, IfH Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 1, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Fac Sci 2, Alessandria, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Alessandria, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. CNR, IROE, I-50127 Florence, Italy. RP Breitweg, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015 OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525 NR 67 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 1999 VL 6 IS 2 BP 239 EP 252 DI 10.1007/s100520050335 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 153VE UT WOS:000077853000003 ER PT J AU Chekanov, SV AF Chekanov, SV TI Scale-invariant dynamical fluctuations in jet physics SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL-DIFFERENCE EQUATION; HIGH-ENERGY COLLISIONS; QCD JETS; BUNCHING-PARAMETER; MULTIPLICITY DISTRIBUTIONS; BRANCHING-PROCESSES; MCGILL FORMULA; INTERMITTENCY; MOMENTS; PERINA AB An interpretation of scale-invariant multiplicity fluctuations inside hadronic jets is presented. It is based on the branching mechanism with the angular ordering of soft partons in sequential branchings. A relationship with fractal distributions is demonstrated. The model takes into account the finiteness of the number of particles produced in jets (finite energy) and leads to a good description of the multifractal fluctuations observed in e(+)e(-) processes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM chekanov@mail.desy.de NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 1999 VL 6 IS 2 BP 331 EP 342 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 153VE UT WOS:000077853000012 ER PT J AU Chekanov, SV De Wolf, EA Kittel, W AF Chekanov, SV De Wolf, EA Kittel, W TI Bose-Einstein correlations and color reconnection in W-pair production SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID MASS RECONSTRUCTION; EVENTS; PYTHIA-5.7 AB We propose a systematic study of Bose-Einstein correlations between identical hadrons coming from different W decays. Experimentally accessible signatures of these correlations as well as of possible color reconnection effects are discussed on the basis of two-particle inclusive densities. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Instelling Antwerp, Dept Phys, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. Catholic Univ Nijmegen, NIKHEF H, Inst High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Chekanov, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 1999 VL 6 IS 3 BP 403 EP 411 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 161FD UT WOS:000078277800003 ER PT J AU Breitweg, J Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Talaga, RL Yoshida, R Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Schnurbusch, H Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Cottingham, WN Foster, B Hall-Wilton, R Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Roff, DG Scott, J Tapper, RJ Capua, M Iannotti, L Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Czermak, AM Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Abbiendi, G Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Martinez, M Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Notz, D Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Saull, PRB Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Sievers, M Stonjek, S Surrow, B Tassi, E Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Fleck, JI Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L del Peso, J Puga, J Redondo, I Terron, J de Troconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Joo, KK Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Saunders, RL Sutton, MR Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Foudas, C Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wildschek, T Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB AF Breitweg, J Chekanov, S Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Talaga, RL Yoshida, R Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Schnurbusch, H Weber, A Wieber, H Bailey, DS Cottingham, WN Foster, B Hall-Wilton, R Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Roff, DG Scott, J Tapper, RJ Capua, M Iannotti, L Mastroberardino, A Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Czermak, AM Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Abbiendi, G Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hartner, GF Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Martinez, M Milewski, J Milite, M Monteiro, T Notz, D Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Saull, PRB Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Sievers, M Stonjek, S Surrow, B Tassi, E Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Raach, H Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Lee, SW Macdonald, N McCance, GJ Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Skillicorn, IO Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Garfagnini, A Gialas, I Gladilin, LK Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Fleck, JI Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Lim, H Park, IH Son, D Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L del Peso, J Puga, J Redondo, I Terron, J de Troconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Nishimura, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Joo, KK Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Heaphy, EA Jones, TW Lane, JB Saunders, RL Sutton, MR Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Smalska, B Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Foudas, C Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wildschek, T Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB TI Exclusive electroproduction of rho(0) and J/psi mesons at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC E(+)P SCATTERING; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; LUND MONTE-CARLO; VECTOR-MESON; DIFFRACTIVE ELECTROPRODUCTION; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; PROTON-SCATTERING; ELASTIC PHOTOPRODUCTION; PHI PHOTOPRODUCTION AB Exclusive production of rho(0) and J/psi mesons in e(+)p collisions has been studied with the ZEUS detector in the kinematic range 0.25 < Q(2) < 50 GeV2, 20 < W < 167 GeV for the rho(0) data and 2 < Q(2) < 40 GeV2, 50 < IS' < 150 GeV for the J/psi data. Cross sections for exclusive rho(0) and J/psi, production have been measured as a function of Q2, W and t. The spin-density matrix elements r(00)(04), r(1-1)(1) and Rer(10)(5) have been determined for exclusive rho(0) production as well as r(00)(04) and r(1-1)(04) for exclusive J/psi production. The results are discussed in the context of theoretical models invoking soft and hard phenomena. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Acad Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY IfH Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Exp Phys 1, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungpook Natl Univ, Taegu 702701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Phys Nucl, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Fac Sci 2, Alessandria, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Alessandria, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Phys Expt, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. CNR, IROE, I-50127 Florence, Italy. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015 OI Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547 NR 89 TC 180 Z9 180 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 1999 VL 6 IS 4 BP 603 EP 627 DI 10.1007/s100520050369 PG 25 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 171VP UT WOS:000078885000004 ER PT J AU Dighe, AS Dunietz, I Fleischer, R AF Dighe, AS Dunietz, I Fleischer, R TI Extracting CKM phases and B-s-(B)over-bar-(s) mixing parameters from angular distributions of non-leptonic B decays SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID CP-VIOLATING ASYMMETRIES; KOBAYASHI-MASKAWA MATRIX; HEAVY-QUARK SYMMETRY; MESON DECAYS; WEAK DECAYS; NONLEPTONIC DECAYS; LEADING LOGARITHMS; BEAUTY PARTICLES; S DECAYS; B->VV AB Suggestions for efficiently determining the lifetimes and mass difference of the light and heavy B-s mesons (B-s(L) , B-s(H)) from B-s --> J/psi phi, Ds*+Ds*- decays are given. Using appropriate weighting functions for thf angular distributions of the decay products (moment analysis), one can extract (Gamma(H); Gamma(L); Delta m)(Bs). Such a moment analysis allows the determination of the relative magnitudes and phases of the CP-odd and CP even decay amplitudes. Efficient determinations of CP-violating effects occuring in B-s --> J/psi phi, Ds*+Ds*- are discussed in the light of a possible width difference (Delta Gamma)(Bs), and the utility of this method for B --> J/psi K*, D-s(*+)(D) over bar* decays is noted. Since our approach is very general, it can in principle be applied to all kinds of angular distributions and allows the determination of all relevant observables, including fundamental CKM (Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa) parameters: as well as tests of various aspects of the factorization hypothesis. Explicit angular distributions and weighting functions are given, and the general method that can be used for any angular distribution is indicated. C1 Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Div Theoret Phys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Dighe, AS (reprint author), Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. NR 80 TC 139 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 1999 VL 6 IS 4 BP 647 EP 662 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 171VP UT WOS:000078885000007 ER PT J AU Knospe, O Jellinek, J Saalmann, U Schmidt, R AF Knospe, O Jellinek, J Saalmann, U Schmidt, R TI Charge transfer in cluster-atom collisions SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CAPTURE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; OPTICAL-RESPONSE; IONS; EXCHANGE; C-60; FRAGMENTATION; IONIZATION; FULLERENES AB Charge transfer in collisions Na-n(+) + Cs --> Na-n + Cs+ (4 less than or equal to n less than or equal to 11) is investigated theoretically within a microscopic framework. It is shown that an understanding of the measured charge transfer cross-sections can be obtained only if the competing reaction channels (electronic excitations and fragmentation) are treated simultaneously and, in addition, if the initial temperature of the clusters in the beam is taken into account. The energy dependence of the cross-sections is predicted. An exotic charge transfer channel producing Cs- is found to have a finite probability. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Theoret Phys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. Max Planck Inst Phys Komplexer Syst, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. RP Knospe, O (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6060 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD JAN PY 1999 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1007/s100530050221 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 161FA UT WOS:000078277500002 ER PT S AU Roussel-Dupre, D Bloch, JJ Johnson, EM Theiler, J AF Roussel-Dupre, D Bloch, JJ Johnson, EM Theiler, J BE Siegmund, OH Flanagan, KA TI ALEXIS - the six year telescope flight experience SO EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy X CY JUL 21-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE ALEXIS; EUV detectors; flight performance; ultraviolet; microchannel plates; astronomy; all sky monitor ID TRANSIENTS; SATELLITE AB The Array of Low Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors (ALEXIS) satellite was launched from the 4th flight of the Pegasus booster on 25 April, 1993 into an 800 km, 70 degree inclination orbit. After an initial launch difficulty, the satellite was successfully recovered and is still producing 100 MB of mission data per day. ALEXIS, still going strong in its sixth year, was originally designed to be a high risk, single string, Smaller-Faster-Cheaper satellite, with a 1-year nominal and a 3-year design limit. This paper will discuss the on-orbit detector performance including microchannel plate operation, pre- and postflight calibration efforts, observed backgrounds and impacts of flying in a high radiation environment. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Roussel-Dupre, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3251-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3765 BP 312 EP 328 DI 10.1117/12.366514 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BP12E UT WOS:000084180500031 ER PT S AU Starin, S Roussel-Dupre, D Bloch, J AF Starin, S Roussel-Dupre, D Bloch, J BE Siegmund, OH Flanagan, KA TI Flight performance of UV filters on the ALEXIS satellite SO EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy X CY JUL 21-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE ALEXIS; filter performance; pinholes; pinwindows; UV filters ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET EXPLORER; MCP DETECTORS ABOARD; X-RAY AB The ALEXIS (Array of Low-Energy X-ray Imaging Sensors) mission, serving as the first dedicated all-sky monitor in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV), has been collecting data since its launch in 1993. ALEXIS operates in a 70 degrees inclination orbit at an altitude of 800 km. The ALEXIS science mission is to observe the cosmic UV background and to study variability of EUV sources. The ALEXIS experiment is composed of six telescopes. Although ALEXIS was designed for a one-year technology verification mission, the telescopes are still functioning with much the same effectiveness as at the beginning of the mission. The telescopes comprise: 1) layered synthetic microstructure (LSM) spherical mirrors, 2) thin foil filters, and 3) microchannel plate (MCP) detectors, all enshrouded within the telescope body. The LSM mirrors select the bandpass for each telescope, while providing enhanced rejection of the Hell 304 Angstrom geocoronal radiation. The filters, constructed either from aluminum/carbon or Lexan/titanium/boron, serve to strongly reject the geocoronal radiation, as well as longer wavelength emission from bright O or B stars. Each telescope detector consists of two plates, the outermost of which is curved to accurately match the spherical focal surface of the mirror. By reviewing the ground and flight histories, this paper analyzes the flight performance of the filters, including the effects of long term exposure and the formation of pinholes. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Starin, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3251-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3765 BP 329 EP 340 DI 10.1117/12.366515 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BP12E UT WOS:000084180500032 ER PT S AU Bird, AW AF Bird, AW BE Siegmund, OH Flanagan, KA TI Effects of secondary electron emission on charge pulses from a Z-stack microchannel plate photon counting detector with a crossed delay line anode readout SO EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy X CY JUL 21-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE crossed delay line anode; microchannel plates; secondary electron emission; position sensitive detector ID YIELD AB A study of the effects of secondary electron emission on charge pulses from a microchannel plate (MCPs) photon counting detector with crossed delay line (CDL) anode readout is presented. The detector is a two-dimensional photon counting detector with fast count rate and good spatial resolution being developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The CDL anode is constructed of two orthogonal planar pairs of helically wound wires on inner and outer ceramic sides attached to a copper ground plane. The electron cloud event from the MCPs interacts with the wires generating a signal pulse. The electrons that strike the wire with sufficient energy generate secondary electrons. A model is presented for the charge pulses from the CDL anode incorporating the effects of secondary electron emission. An empirical test of the model is conducted with two different wire materials using a demountable MCP/CDL detector. Charge pulses are measured and the results are compared to the model. The results show that the charge pulses from the CDL anode are material dependent and exhibit the general behavior predicted by the model. Secondary electron emission is an integral part of the CDL anode charge pulses and must be considered in further developments of the CDL anode readout. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bird, AW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Remote Sensing Sci Grp, MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3251-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3765 BP 417 EP 428 DI 10.1117/12.366522 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BP12E UT WOS:000084180500041 ER PT S AU Church, EL Takacs, PZ AF Church, EL Takacs, PZ BE MacDonald, CA Goldberg, KA Maldonado, JR ChenMayer, HH Vernon, SP TI The testing of glancing incidence mirrors using sampled profile measurements SO EUV, X-RAY, AND NEUTRON OPTICS AND SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV, X-Ray, and Neutron Optics and Sources CY JUL 21-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE synchrotron-radiation mirrors; elliptical mirrors; surface testing; surface specification; Strehl factor; rms error; power spectral density; fractal surface finish; sampling theorem; Long-Trace Profiler AB This paper reports on the development of a deterministic method of specifying the finish glancing-incidence mirrors in terms of their imaging performance. As a first step we have calculated the two-dimensional intensity distribution in the focal region of an elliptical mirror including the effects of small, arbitrary finish errors. This calculation is based on the physical-optics diffraction model, using the sampling theorem to interpolate between measured profile points, thereby avoiding numerical integration and leading to simple analytic results. In addition to giving deterministic image intensity distributions for particular profile data, it provides a means for validating and extending earlier test methods based on profile statistics - the root-mean-square (RMS) finish error and its power-spectral density (PSD). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Church, EL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Instrumentat Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3253-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3767 BP 121 EP 134 DI 10.1117/12.371108 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BP33U UT WOS:000084756700013 ER PT S AU Kubiak, GD Bernardez, LJ Krenz, K Replogle, WC Sweatt, WC Sweeney, DW Hudyma, RM Shields, H AF Kubiak, GD Bernardez, LJ Krenz, K Replogle, WC Sweatt, WC Sweeney, DW Hudyma, RM Shields, H BE MacDonald, CA Goldberg, KA Maldonado, JR ChenMayer, HH Vernon, SP TI High-power source and illumination system for extreme ultraviolet lithography SO EUV, X-RAY, AND NEUTRON OPTICS AND SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV, X-Ray, and Neutron Optics and Sources CY JUL 21-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE AB A dean, high-power Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) light source is being developed for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL). The source is based on a continuous jet of condensable gas irradiated with a diode-pumped solid state laser producing a time-averaged output power of 1700 W at 5000-6000 Hz. An illumination system is being assembled to collect and deliver the EUV output from the source and deliver it to a reticle and projection optics box to achieve an EUV exposure rate equivalent to ten 300-mm wafers per hour. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kubiak, GD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3253-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3767 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.1117/12.371111 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BP33U UT WOS:000084756700014 ER PT S AU Spiller, E Baker, S Parra, E Tarrio, C AF Spiller, E Baker, S Parra, E Tarrio, C BE MacDonald, CA Goldberg, KA Maldonado, JR ChenMayer, HH Vernon, SP TI Smoothing of mirror substrates by thin-film deposition SO EUV, X-RAY, AND NEUTRON OPTICS AND SOURCES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV, X-Ray, and Neutron Optics and Sources CY JUL 21-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE smoothing films; multilayer coatings; finish of mirror substrates ID X-RAY MIRRORS; INTERFACIAL ROUGHNESS; GROWTH; MULTILAYERS; SCATTERING; MECHANISMS; OPTICS AB Superpolished optical flats with high spatial frequency roughness below 0.1 nm have been commercially available for years. However, it is much more difficult to obtain figured optics of similar quality. We have obtained and tested the finish of figured optics from different vendors by atomic force microscopy and optical profilometry and have investigated how the substrate quality can be improved by the deposition of thin films. We have determined the growth parameters of several thin-film structures. From these parameters we can determine how the surface topography of a coated mirror differs from that of the substrate, select the best thin-film structure, and predict the possible improvement. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM spiller@llnl.gov NR 22 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3253-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3767 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1117/12.371112 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BP33U UT WOS:000084756700015 ER PT S AU Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Lee, SH Chang, C Batson, P Attwood, D Bokor, J AF Naulleau, P Goldberg, KA Lee, SH Chang, C Batson, P Attwood, D Bokor, J BE MacDonald, CA Goldberg, KA Maldonado, JR ChenMayer, HH Vernon, SP TI Recent advances in EUV phase-shifting point diffraction interferometry SO EUV, X-RAY, AND NEUTRON OPTICS AND SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV, X-Ray, and Neutron Optics and Sources CY JUL 21-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE interferometry; point-diffraction interferometry; extreme ultraviolet lithography ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LITHOGRAPHY; AT-WAVELENGTH INTERFEROMETRY; OPTICS; RADIATION; COATINGS; ACCURACY; SYSTEM AB The extreme ultraviolet (EUV) phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS/PDI) was developed and implemented at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to meet the significant measurement challenge of characterizing EW projection lithography optics. The PS/PDI has been in continuous use and under ongoing development since 1996. Here we describe recent improvements made to the interferometer, and we summarize metrology results from state-of-the-art 10x-reduction EUV projection optics. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3253-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3767 BP 154 EP 163 DI 10.1117/12.371113 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BP33U UT WOS:000084756700016 ER PT S AU Lane, S Barbee, T Mrowka, S Maldonado, J AF Lane, S Barbee, T Mrowka, S Maldonado, J BE MacDonald, CA Goldberg, KA Maldonado, JR ChenMayer, HH Vernon, SP TI Review of x-ray collimators for x-ray proximity lithography SO EUV, X-RAY, AND NEUTRON OPTICS AND SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV, X-Ray, and Neutron Optics and Sources CY JUL 21-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE x-ray collimators; x-ray proximity lithography; x-ray optics ID POINT AB Simple arguments are given that elucidate the need for x-ray collimator optics in point source proximity lithography. Seven recent collimator optics designs are briefly described. Three of these designs are described in greater detail: a flat mirror array developed by Xmetrics, Inc.; a polycapillary array developed by X-Ray Optical Systems, Inc.; and a scanning paraboloidal collimator developed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. For the latter two collimators test results using the JMAR Technologies, Inc. laser plasma x-ray point source are given. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lane, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-399, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3253-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3767 BP 172 EP 182 DI 10.1117/12.371115 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BP33U UT WOS:000084756700018 ER PT S AU Montcalm, C Grabner, RF Hudyma, RM Schmidt, MA Spiller, E Walton, CC Wedowski, M Folta, JA AF Montcalm, C Grabner, RF Hudyma, RM Schmidt, MA Spiller, E Walton, CC Wedowski, M Folta, JA BE MacDonald, CA Goldberg, KA Maldonado, JR ChenMayer, HH Vernon, SP TI Multilayer coated optics for an alpha-class extreme ultraviolet lithography system SO EUV, X-RAY, AND NEUTRON OPTICS AND SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV, X-Ray, and Neutron Optics and Sources CY JUL 21-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography; reflective multilayer coatings; thickness distribution; and uniformity AB We present the results of coating the first set of optical elements for an alpha-class extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography system, the Engineering Test Stand (ETS). The optics were coated with Mo/Si multilayer mirrors using an upgraded DC-magnetron sputtering system. Characterization of the near-normal incidence EUV reflectance was performed using synchrotron radiation from the Advanced Light Source at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Stringent requirements were met for these multilayer coatings in terms of reflectance, wavelength matching among the different optics, and thickness control across the diameter of each individual optic. Reflectances above 65% were achieved at 23.35 nm at near-normal angles of incidence. The run-to-run reproducibility of the reflectance peak wavelength was maintained to within 0.4%, providing the required wavelength matching among the seven multilayer-coated optics. The thickness uniformity (or gradient) was controlled to within +/-0.25% peak-to-valley (P-V) for the condenser optics and +/-0.1% P-V for the four projection optics, exceeding the prescribed specification for the optics of the ETS. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Montcalm, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-395, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3253-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3767 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.1117/12.371119 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BP33U UT WOS:000084756700021 ER PT S AU Wedowski, M Bajt, S Folta, JA Gullikson, EM Kleineberg, U Klebanoff, LE Malinowski, ME Clift, WM AF Wedowski, M Bajt, S Folta, JA Gullikson, EM Kleineberg, U Klebanoff, LE Malinowski, ME Clift, WM BE MacDonald, CA Goldberg, KA Maldonado, JR ChenMayer, HH Vernon, SP TI Lifetime studies of Mo/Si and Mo/Be multilayer coatings for extreme ultraviolet lithography SO EUV, X-RAY, AND NEUTRON OPTICS AND SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV, X-Ray, and Neutron Optics and Sources CY JUL 21-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE extreme ultraviolet (EW) lithography; multilayer reflective coatings; radiation stability; surface contamination ID RADIATION; OPTICS; SYSTEM AB Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) is a candidate for future application by the semiconductor industry in the production of sub-100 nm feature sizes in integrated circuits. Using multilayer reflective coatings optimized at wavelengths ranging from Ii to 14 nm, EUVL represents a potential successor to currently existing optical lithography techniques. In order to assess lifetimes of the multilayer coatings under realistic conditions, a series of radiation stability tests has been performed. In each run a dose of EW radiation equivalent to several months of lithographic operation was applied to Mo/Si and Mo/Be multilayer coatings within a few days. Depending on the residual gas concentration in the vacuum environment, surface deposition of carbon during the exposure lead to losses in the multilayer reflectivity. However, in none of the experimental runs was structural damage within the bulk of the multilayers observed. Mo/Si multilayer coatings recovered their full original reflectivity after removal of the carbon layer by an ozone cleaning method. Auger depth profiling on Mo/Be multilayers indicate that carbon penetrated into the Be top layer during illumination with high doses of EW radiation. Subsequent ozone cleaning fully removed the carbon, but revealed enhanced oxidation of the area illuminated, which led to an irreversible loss in reflectance on the order of 1%. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wedowski, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Informat Sci & Technol Program, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3253-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3767 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1117/12.371120 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BP33U UT WOS:000084756700022 ER PT S AU Chapman, HN Nugent, KA AF Chapman, HN Nugent, KA BE MacDonald, CA Goldberg, KA Maldonado, JR ChenMayer, HH Vernon, SP TI A novel condenser for EUV lithography ring-field projection optics SO EUV, X-RAY, AND NEUTRON OPTICS AND SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV, X-Ray, and Neutron Optics and Sources CY JUL 21-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE illuminator; condenser; grazing-incidence reflection; EUV projection lithography; x-ray optics ID SYSTEM; DESIGN AB A condenser for a ring-field extreme ultra-violet (EUV) projection lithography camera is presented. The condenser consists of a gently undulating mirror, that we refer to as a ripple plate, and which is illuminated by a collimated beam at grazing incidence. The light is incident along the ripples rather than across them, so that the incident beam is reflected onto a cone and subsequently focused on to the are of the ring field. A quasistationary illumination is achieved, since any one held point receives light from points on the ripples, which are distributed throughout the condenser pupil. The design concept can easily be applied to illuminate projection cameras with various ring-field and numerical aperture specifications. Ray-tracing results are presented of a condenser for a 0.25 NA EUV projection camera. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chapman, HN (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Nugent, Keith/J-2699-2012 OI Nugent, Keith/0000-0003-1522-8991 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3253-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3767 BP 225 EP 236 DI 10.1117/12.371121 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BP33U UT WOS:000084756700023 ER PT S AU Soufli, R Bajt, S Gullikson, EM AF Soufli, R Bajt, S Gullikson, EM BE MacDonald, CA Goldberg, KA Maldonado, JR ChenMayer, HH Vernon, SP TI Optical constants of beryllium from photoabsorption measurements for x-ray optics applications SO EUV, X-RAY, AND NEUTRON OPTICS AND SOURCES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV, X-Ray, and Neutron Optics and Sources CY JUL 21-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE beryllium; extreme ultraviolet; optical constants; refractive index; x-rays ID TRANSMISSION; MOLYBDENUM; REGION; RANGE AB Beryllium (Be) has been recently receiving considerable attention as the key material for a range of potential applications in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and x-ray region. Most notably, it has been successfully implemented as the spacer material in beryllium-based multilayer mirrors for EUV lithography, achieving experimental reflectivities of about 70% at wavelengths around 11.4 nm. Knowledge of the absorptive and dispersive properties of this material thus becomes important for the modeling of these optics. Experimental photoabsorption results in the region 40-250 eV, derived from transmission measurements on free-standing beryllium foils, are presented in this work. The measured absorption in the region extending a few tens eV below the K edge (111.7 eV) appears to be significantly (up to 50%) lower than the tabulated values. Fine structure above the K edge is also demonstrated in the measurements. These data are incorporated in an updated set for the atomic scattering factors of beryllium, obtained in the range 0.1-30,000 eV. Finally, the Bragg reflectivity of Mo/Be multilayer optics is modeled using the new experimental results. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Soufli, R (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L395, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM soufli1@llnl.gov; bajt1@llnl.gov; emgullikson@lbl.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3253-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3767 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1117/12.371124 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BP33U UT WOS:000084756700026 ER PT S AU Bajt, S Behymer, RD Mirkarimi, PB Montcalm, C Wall, MA Wedowski, M Folta, JA AF Bajt, S Behymer, RD Mirkarimi, PB Montcalm, C Wall, MA Wedowski, M Folta, JA BE MacDonald, CA Goldberg, KA Maldonado, JR ChenMayer, HH Vernon, SP TI Experimental investigation of beryllium-based multilayer coatings for extreme ultraviolet lithography SO EUV, X-RAY, AND NEUTRON OPTICS AND SOURCES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV, X-Ray, and Neutron Optics and Sources CY JUL 21-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography; reflective coatings; multilayer deposition; beryllium ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; MIRRORS AB The performance of beryllium-based multilayer coatings designed to reflect light of wavelengths near 11 nm, at normal incidence, is presented. These multilayer coatings are of special interest for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). The beryllium-based multilayers investigated were Mo/Be, Ru/Be and a new material combination Mo2C/Be. The highest reflectivity achieved so far is 70% at 11.3 nm with 70 bilayers of Mo/Be. However, even though high reflectivity is very important, there are other parameters to satisfy the requirements for an EUVL production tool. Multilayer stress, thermal stability, radiation stability and long term reflectance stability are of equal or greater importance. An experimental characterization of several coatings was carried out to determine the reflectivity, stress, microstructure, and long term stability of these coatings. Theoretically calculated reflectivities are compared with experimental results for different material pairs; differences between experimental and theoretical reflectivities and bandwidths are addressed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bajt, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L395, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3253-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3767 BP 259 EP 270 DI 10.1117/12.371125 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BP33U UT WOS:000084756700027 ER PT J AU Hoffecker, JF AF Hoffecker, JF TI Neanderthals and modern humans in Eastern Europe SO EVOLUTIONARY ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Article DE archeology; paleolithic; Neanderthals; modern humans; Eastern Europe AB The settlement history of Eastern Europe is more similar to that of Northern Asia than that of Western Europe, reflecting significantly colder and drier climates than the latter. Although Eastern Europe was subject to limited occupation along the southern margin during the Middle Pleistocene, it was not widely settled until the Neanderthals colonized the southern half of the East European Plain during the earlier Late Pleistocene (Stage 5). The Neanderthals' adaptation to cold climates seems to have been heavily based on morphology and lacked sufficient flexibility to allow them to cope with the extreme conditions of the Last Glacial on the East European Plain, parts of which were abandoned during the early cold phase (Stage 4). Modern humans occupied Eastern Europe during the succeeding period (Stage 3), rapidly developing a host of technological solutions to the challenges posed by these environments. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hoffecker, JF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 59 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1060-1538 J9 EVOL ANTHROPOL JI Evol. Anthropol. PY 1999 VL 7 IS 4 BP 129 EP 141 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6505(1999)7:4<129::AID-EVAN3>3.0.CO;2-G PG 13 WC Anthropology SC Anthropology GA 163KA UT WOS:000078403500004 ER PT S AU Chenna, A Maruenda, H Singer, B AF Chenna, A Maruenda, H Singer, B BE Singer, B Bartsch, H TI Synthesis of para-benzoquinone and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)nitrosourea adducts and their incorporation into oligonucleotides SO EXOCYCLIC DNA ADDUCTS IN MUTAGENESIS AND CARCINOGENESIS SE IARC SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Exocyclic DNA Adducts in Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis CY SEP, 1998 CL DEUTSCH KREBS FORSCH ZENTRUM, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, NCI, Natl Inst DKFZ HO DEUTSCH KREBS FORSCH ZENTRUM ID OLIGOMERIC DNA; P-BENZOQUINONE; NUCLEIC-ACID; BENZENE; METABOLISM; TOXICITY; 3'-PHOSPHATE; DISPOSITION; DERIVATIVES; ADENOSINE AB Benzene is a widely known carcinogen and a cause of bone-marrow toxicity and leukaemia in humans. para-Benzoquinone is a stable metabolite of benzene. Its reaction with deoxycytidine, deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine produces the major stable exocyclic compounds (3-hydroxy)-1,N-4-benzetheno-2'-deoxycytidine, (9-hydroxy)-1,N-6-benzetheno-2'-deoxyadenosine and (7-hydroxy)-1,N-2-benzetheno-2'-deoxyguanosine, respectively, on a large scale and at high yield. The desired products were identified by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and UV spectroscopy. These adducts were converted to the fully protected phosphoramidites and incorporated site-specifically into a series of oligonucleotides. 1,N-6-Ethano-2'-deoxyadenosine is one of the exocyclic adducts formed during DNA reaction with the antitumour agent, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)nitrosourea. This compound was synthesized on a large scale with a high yield (62%) and then was converted to the phosphoramidite and incorporated site-specifically into oligonucleotides. The coupling efficiency of the incorporation of all these adducts was high (greater than or equal to 93%). After de-protection and purification of these oligomers, enzymatic hydrolysis and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography confirmed the presence of the adduct in the oligomers. These oligomers are being used to investigate the biochemical and physical properties of these adducts. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chenna, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA47723]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07368] NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT AGENCY RESEARCH CANCER PI LYONS PA 150, COURS ALBERT THOMAS, 69372 LYONS, FRANCE SN 0300-5038 BN 92-832-2150-8 J9 IARC SCI PUBL PY 1999 IS 150 BP 89 EP 101 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA BR93S UT WOS:000168119000008 PM 10626211 ER PT S AU Sagi, J Singer, B AF Sagi, J Singer, B BE Singer, B Bartsch, H TI Thermal destabilization of DNA oligonucleotide duplexes by exocyclic adducts on adenine or cytosine depends on both the base and the size of adduct SO EXOCYCLIC DNA ADDUCTS IN MUTAGENESIS AND CARCINOGENESIS SE IARC SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Exocyclic DNA Adducts in Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis CY SEP, 1998 CL DEUTSCH KREBS FORSCH ZENTRUM, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, NCI, Natl Inst DKFZ HO DEUTSCH KREBS FORSCH ZENTRUM ID LESION; REPAIR AB Numerous carcinogens or their bifunctional metabolites modify DNA bases by forming additional exocyclic rings on the base moiety. These modifications form exocyclic rings between N1 and N-6 of dA, N3 and N-4 of dC or N1 and N-2 of dG, as well as the N2 and N3 of dG. This study focuses on the reaction products of dA and dC with chloroacetaldehyde, bis-chloroethyl nitrosourea and para-benzoquinone, which form etheno, ethano and para-benzoquinone derivatives, respectively. The three dC adducts and three dA adducts were each incorporated site-specifically into 25-nucleotide-long deoxyoligonucleotides. All duplexes with a single modified dA or dC adduct opposite the normal complement showed decreased thermal stability, as compared with the unmodified control duplex. The destabilizations ranges from -2 degreesC to -13 degreesC, depending on saturation, the size of the adduct and the nature of the base. Energy-minimized molecular models of the duplexes illustrate various degrees of distortions by the adducts, the para-benzoquinone adducts showing the greatest distortion. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sagi, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT AGENCY RESEARCH CANCER PI LYONS PA 150, COURS ALBERT THOMAS, 69372 LYONS, FRANCE SN 0300-5038 BN 92-832-2150-8 J9 IARC SCI PUBL PY 1999 IS 150 BP 191 EP 196 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA BR93S UT WOS:000168119000017 PM 10626220 ER PT S AU Singer, B Hang, B AF Singer, B Hang, B BE Singer, B Bartsch, H TI Mammalian enzymatic repair of etheno and para-benzoquinone exocyclic adducts derived from the carcinogens vinyl chloride and benzene SO EXOCYCLIC DNA ADDUCTS IN MUTAGENESIS AND CARCINOGENESIS SE IARC SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Exocyclic DNA Adducts in Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis CY SEP, 1998 CL DEUTSCH KREBS FORSCH ZENTRUM, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SP Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch, NCI, Natl Inst DKFZ HO DEUTSCH KREBS FORSCH ZENTRUM ID THYMINE-DNA GLYCOSYLASE; HUMAN 3-METHYLADENINE-DNA GLYCOSYLASE; HUMAN AP ENDONUCLEASE; COLI EXONUCLEASE-III; M13 VIRAL-DNA; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; N-GLYCOSYLASE; P-BENZOQUINONE; G/T MISMATCH; HUMAN-CELLS AB Two human carcinogens that have been extensively studied are vinyl chloride and benzene. The active metabolites used in this study are chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) and para-benzoquinone (pBQ) Each forms exocyclic adducts between the N1 and N-6 Of A, the N3 and N-4 Of C and the N1 and N-2 Of G. Only CAA has been found to form the N-2,3 adduct of G. CAA and pBQ adducts differ structurally in size and in the number of added rings, pBQ adding two rings to the base, while etheno bases have a single five-membered ring. The mechanism of repair of these two types of adducts by human enzymes has been studied in our laboratory with defined oligodeoxynucleotides and a site-specific adduct. The etheno derivatives are repaired by DNA glycosylase activity; two mammalian glycosylases are responsible: alkylpurine-DNA-N-glycosylase (APNG) and mismatch-specific thymine-DNA glycosylase. The former repairs 1,N-6-ethenoA (epsilonA) as rapidly as the original substrate, 3-methyladenine, while the latter repairs 3,N-4-ethenoC (epsilonC) more efficiently than the GIT mismatch. Our finding that there are separate enzymes for epsilonA and epsilonC has been confirmed by the use of tissue extracts from an APNG knockout mouse. As pBQ is much less efficient than CAA in modifying bases, the biochemical studies required total synthesis of the nucleosides. Furthermore, the pBQ adduct-containing oligomers are cleaved, to various extents by a different class of enzyme: human and bacterial N5'-alkylpurine (AP) endonucleases. The enzyme incises such oligomers 5' to the adduct and generates 3'-hydroxyl and 5'-phosphoryl termini but leaves the modified base on the 5'-terminus of the 3' cleavage fragment ('dangling base'). Using active-site mutants of the human AP endonuclease, we found that the active site for the primary substrate, abasic (AP) site, is the same as that for the bulky pBQ adducts. There appears to be no clear rationale for the widely differing recognition and repair mechanisms for these exocyclic adducts, as shown for the repair of the same types of modification on different bases (e.g. epsilonA and epsilonC) and for completely unrelated lesions (e.g. AP site and pBQ adducts). Another important variable that affects the rate and extent of repair is the effect of neighbouring bases. In the case of epsilonA, this sequence-dependent repair correlates with the extent of double-strandedness of the substrate, as demonstrated by thermal stability studies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Singer, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Donner Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT AGENCY RESEARCH CANCER PI LYONS PA 150, COURS ALBERT THOMAS, 69372 LYONS, FRANCE SN 0300-5038 BN 92-832-2150-8 J9 IARC SCI PUBL PY 1999 IS 150 BP 233 EP 247 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA BR93S UT WOS:000168119000021 PM 10626224 ER PT S AU Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Ginter, TN Gross, CJ Grzywacz, R Karny, M Janas, Z Mas, F McConnell, JW Piechaczek, A Rykaczewski, K Semmes, P Toth, KS Zganjar, EF AF Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Ginter, TN Gross, CJ Grzywacz, R Karny, M Janas, Z Mas, F McConnell, JW Piechaczek, A Rykaczewski, K Semmes, P Toth, KS Zganjar, EF BE Rubio, B Lozano, M Gelletly, W TI Short-lived proton radioactivity studies at HRIBF SO EXPERIMENTAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN EUROPE: ENPE 99: FACING THE NEXT MILLENNIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Experimental Nuclear Physics in Europe - Facing the Next Millennium (ENPE 99) CY JUN 21-26, 1999 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN ID DECAY; EMITTERS; STATE AB An accurate determination of the experimental spectroscopic factor of proton emitting nuclei precisely defines the main component of the proton wave function for the unbound state. However, this has proven difficult for nuclei with Z less than or equal to 71 due to the unknown beta-branching ratios involved. One way to solve this problem is to study proton-emitters with half-lives far too short for beta-emission to compete. Recent work at the Holifield Radioactive ion Beam Facility has produced information on Ho-141m, Tm-145, Lu-150m and Lu-151m, all of which have half-lives in the mu s region. A comparison between calculated and experimental spectroscopic factors for these nuclei is given. C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Batchelder, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-907-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 495 BP 109 EP 112 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BP29X UT WOS:000084618300030 ER PT S AU Lister, CJ AF Lister, CJ BE Rubio, B Lozano, M Gelletly, W TI gamma-ray spectroscopy of N = Z nuclei SO EXPERIMENTAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN EUROPE: ENPE 99: FACING THE NEXT MILLENNIUM SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Experimental Nuclear Physics in Europe - Facing the Next Millennium (ENPE 99) CY JUN 21-26, 1999 CL SEVILLE, SPAIN ID EXCITED-STATES; N=Z AB The use of gamma-ray spectroscopy to probe the properties of marginally bound nuclear states has evolved from being a curiosity a decade ago to being the mainstream use for these devices. The key to this success has been the development of ultra-sensitive channel selection techniques which allow the parentage of each emitted gamma-ray to be established. With these techniques, and the enhanced efficiency of the arrays themselves, the level of sensitivity for nuclear spectroscopy has increased by several orders of magnitude, in some special cases reaching the 10's nanobarns level, 1000 times more sensitive than was possible a decade ago. In this paper I will discuss some recent developments in light nuclear spectroscopy, on nuclei with N = Z, below mass 100. These examples have been chosen to compliment other presentations at this conference which have covered similar experiments in heavier nuclei. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lister, CJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-907-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 495 BP 159 EP 164 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BP29X UT WOS:000084618300042 ER PT J AU Jennison, DR Bogicevic, A AF Jennison, DR Bogicevic, A TI Ultrathin alumina film Al-sublattice structure, metal island nucleation at terrace point defects, and how hydroxylation affects wetting SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on the Surface Science of Metal Oxides CY SEP 01-03, 1999 CL ST MARTINS COLL, AMBLESIDE, ENGLAND HO ST MARTINS COLL ID AL2O3(0001) SURFACE; GROWTH; AL2O3; ADSORPTION; INTERFACE; OXIDATION; OXYGEN; COPPER; WATER; CU AB First principles density functional slab calculations have produced the following results: (1) for 5 Angstrom (two O-layer) alumina films on Al(111) and Ru(0001), with larger unit cells than in recent work, the lowest energy stable film was found to have an even mix of tetrahedral (t) and octahedral (o) Al ions arranged in alternating zig-zag rows. This most closely resembles the kappa-phase of bulk alumina, where this pattern results in a greater average lateral separation of Al-ions than with pure t or o. A second structure with an even mix was also found, consisting of alternating stripes. These patterns can exist in any of three equivalent directions on close packed substrates. (2) Because of numerical problems associated with the very large relaxations in alumina surfaces, MgO(100) was used to investigate metal island nucleation. Common point defects (vacancies, pairs of vacancies, and water by-products) were placed in supercells and their effects on Pt adatom and ad-dimer binding computed. Unexpectedly, single vacancies were found to destabilize metal dimers, and only the mixed (F-s-V-s) divacancy increases stability. Among the water-by-products, in-surface OH (produced by H+ reaction with O2-) was uninteresting, but ad-OH was found to both increase adatom binding and significantly stabilize dimers on the surface, suggesting the latter defect nucleates metal islands even at elevated temperatures. We believe these results apply to all highly ionic oxides. (3) Finally, the effect of a substantial coverage of hydroxy on Cu deposition and growth on alpha-Al2O3(0001) was investigated. While Born-Haber calculations show wetting is not thermodynamically preferred on the clean surface, at experimentally relevant ad-OH coverages the strength of the Cu-oxide bond is more than doubled and wetting is strongly favored. This causes a very stable approximate to 1/3 monolayer (ML) coverage of Cu+1, which then induces layer-by-layer Cu growth, in agreement with recent experiments. Hydroxy coverage can thus control deposited metal morphology across a wide spectrum. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Sci Dept 1114, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jennison, DR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Sci Dept 1114, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM drjenni@sandia.gov NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 1999 VL 114 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1039/a905456a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 271RE UT WOS:000084606600003 ER PT J AU Li, M Hebenstreit, W Diebold, U Henderson, MA Jennison, DR AF Li, M Hebenstreit, W Diebold, U Henderson, MA Jennison, DR TI Oxygen-induced restructuring of rutile TiO2(110): formation mechanism, atomic models, and influence on surface chemistry SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on the Surface Science of Metal Oxides CY SEP 01-03, 1999 CL ST MARTINS COLL, AMBLESIDE, ENGLAND HO ST MARTINS COLL ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL RUTILE; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; H2O ADSORPTION; TIO2 SURFACES; AB-INITIO; DEFECTS; DIFFUSION; WATER; TITANIUM AB The rutile TiO2(110) (1x1) surface is considered the prototypical 'well-defined' system in the surface science of metal oxides. Its popularity results partly from two experimental advantages: (i) bulk-reduced single crystals do not exhibit charging, and (ii) stoichiometric surfaces, as judged by electron spectroscopies, can be prepared reproducibly by sputtering and annealing in oxygen. We present results that show that this commonly applied preparation procedure may result in a surface structure that is by far more complex than generally anticipated. Flat, (1x1)-terminated surfaces are obtained by sputtering and annealing in ultrahigh vacuum. When re-annealed in oxygen at moderate temperatures (470-660 K), irregular networks of partially connected, pseudohexagonal rosettes (6.5x6 Angstrom wide), one-unit cell wide strands, and small (approximate to tens of Angstrom) (1x1) islands appear. This new surface phase is formed through reaction of oxygen gas with interstitial Ti from the reduced bulk. Because it consists of an incomplete, kinetically limited (1x1) layer, this phenomenon has been termed 'restructuring'. We report a combined experimental and theoretical study that systematically explores this restructuring process. The influence of several parameters (annealing time, temperature, pressure, sample history, gas) on the surface morphology is investigated using STM. The surface coverage of the added phase as well as the kinetics of the restructuring process are quantified by LEIS and SSIMS measurements in combination with annealing in O-18-enriched gas. Atomic models of the essential structural elements are presented and are shown to be stable with first-principles density functional calculations. The effect of oxygen-induced restructuring on surface chemistry and its importance for TiO2 and other bulk-reduced oxide materials is briefly discussed. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Li, M (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RI Diebold, Ulrike/A-3681-2010 OI Diebold, Ulrike/0000-0003-0319-5256 NR 53 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0301-7249 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 1999 VL 114 BP 245 EP 258 DI 10.1039/a903598b PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 271RE UT WOS:000084606600015 ER PT J AU Henderson, MA Otero-Tapia, S Castro, ME AF Henderson, MA Otero-Tapia, S Castro, ME TI The chemistry of methanol on the surface: the TiO2 (110) influence of vacancies and coadsorbed species SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on the Surface Science of Metal Oxides CY SEP 01-03, 1999 CL ST MARTINS COLL, AMBLESIDE, ENGLAND HO ST MARTINS COLL ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SURFACES; ALIPHATIC-ALCOHOLS; TIO2(110)(1X1) SURFACE; TIO2(100) SURFACES; METAL-OXIDES; FORMIC-ACID; ADSORPTION; DECOMPOSITION; SPECTROSCOPY; DEFECTS AB The chemistry of methanol was explored on the vacuum annealed TiO2(110) surface, with and without the presence of coadsorbed water and oxygen, using temperature programmed desorption (TPD), high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), static secondary ion mass spectrometry (SSIMS) and low energy electron diffraction (LEED). The vacuum annealed TiO2(110) surface possessed about 8% oxygen vacancy sites, as determined with H2O TPD. Although evidence is presented for CH3OH dissociation to methoxy groups on the vacuum annealed TiO2(110) surface using SSIMS and HREELS, particularly at vacancy sites, the majority of the adlayer was molecularly adsorbed, evolving in TPD at 295 K. Although no evidence of irreversible decomposition was found in the TPD, dissociative CH3OH adsorption at 135 K on the vacuum annealed TiO2(110) surface led to recombinative desorption states at 350 and 480 K corresponding to methoxys adsorbed at non-vacancy and vacancy sites, respectively. Coadsorbed water had little or no influence on the chemistry of CH3OH on the vacuum annealed TiO2(110) surface, however new channels of chemistry were observed when CH3OH was adsorbed on the surface after O-2 adsorption at various temperatures. In particular, O-2 exposure at 300 K resulted in O adatoms (via dissociation at vacancies) that led to increased levels of CH3O-H bond cleavage. The higher surface coverage of methoxy then resulted in a disproportionation reaction to form CH3OH and H2CO above 600 K. In contrast, low temperature exposure of the vacuum annealed TiO2(110) surface to O-2 resulted in low temperature state of O-2 (presumably an O-2(-) species) that oxidized CH3OH to H2CO by C-H bond cleavage. These results provide incentive to consider alternative thermal and photochemical oxidation mechanisms that involve the interaction of organics and oxygen at surface defect sites. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Interfacial & Proc Sci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Chem, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. RP Henderson, MA (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Interfacial & Proc Sci Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 60 TC 159 Z9 159 U1 11 U2 93 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0301-7249 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 1999 VL 114 BP 313 EP 329 DI 10.1039/a902070e PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 271RE UT WOS:000084606600021 ER PT J AU Schatz, GC Wu, G Lendvay, G Fang, DC Harding, LB AF Schatz, GC Wu, G Lendvay, G Fang, DC Harding, LB TI Reaction of H with highly vibrationally excited water: activated or not? SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID BOND-SELECTED REACTION; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; BIMOLECULAR REACTION; REACTION DYNAMICS; SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; QUANTUM CALCULATIONS; MODE SPECIFICITY; HYDROGEN-ATOMS AB The dynamics of the collisions of H atoms with vibrationally excited H2O were studied using quasiclassical reactive and quantum mechanical non-reactive scattering calculations using the recently developed potential surface from Ochoa and Clary (OC). The trajectory calculations show that this endoergic reaction is activated for water in its vibrational ground state and with one quantum of OH stretch, but excitation by two or more OH stretch quanta results in diverging cross-sections at low translational energy. The reactive rate coefficients are very large for these states, being a significant fraction of the gas kinetic rate coefficient. This behavior is qualitatively different from what is obtained using the I5 surface of Isaacson, which shows activated behavior even for excitation as high as (04)(-). To verify the accuracy of the OC surface, we have performed high quality ab initio calculations for H+H2O, considering geometries in the reagent region that correspond to high OH stretch excitation, and we find that the OC surface is qualitatively correct, but with too long a range in its attractive tail. Our quantum calculations of the total inelastic rate coefficients for collisions with water initially excited in OH stretch overtone states give values that are comparable in magnitude with the reactive rate coefficients for the same states. This suggests that in the recent measurements by Smith and coworkers of the rate coefficients for total loss of excited water, reaction and vibrational energy transfer are of comparable importance. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Chem Res Ctr, Inst Chem, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. Argonne Natl Lab, Theoret Chem Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schatz, GC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Lendvay, Gyorgy/B-5397-2016 OI Lendvay, Gyorgy/0000-0002-2150-0376 NR 52 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0301-7249 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 1999 VL 113 BP 151 EP 165 DI 10.1039/a901950b PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 249LH UT WOS:000083334200010 ER PT J AU Ahmed, M Wouters, ER Peterka, DS Vasyutinskii, OS Suits, AG AF Ahmed, M Wouters, ER Peterka, DS Vasyutinskii, OS Suits, AG TI Atomic orbital alignment and coherence in N2O photodissociation at 193.3 nm SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID STATE-RESOLVED STEREODYNAMICS; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM VECTORS; MOLECULAR PHOTODISSOCIATION; PHOTO-DISSOCIATION; RECOIL VELOCITY; POLARIZATION; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; ORIENTATION; SPECTRA AB Strong recoil-frame orbital alignment is observed in the (OD2)-D-1 product following photodissociation of N2O at 193.3 nm. Velocity map imaging allows for investigation of the angular distribution of this alignment, providing insight into the dynamics in the frame of the molecule. Analysis of the results using a rigorous quantum mechanical theory yields alignment anisotropy parameters having direct physical significance. This alignment is dominated by strong incoherent parallel and perpendicular contributions. In addition, evidence is shown of a contribution from a perpendicular coherence. These results provide detailed insight into the dynamics of the photodissociation process and the nature of the electronic transitions responsible for the initial excitation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Ioffe Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Suits, AG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ahmed, Musahid/A-8733-2009 NR 54 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 1999 VL 113 BP 425 EP 436 DI 10.1039/a902626f PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 249LH UT WOS:000083334200024 ER PT B AU Ritchie, RO AF Ritchie, RO BE Wu, XR Wang, ZG TI Small crack growth and the fatigue of traditional and advanced materials SO FATIGUE '99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL FATIGUE CONGRESS, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Fatigue Congress (Fatigue '99) CY JUN 08-12, 1999 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Beijing Inst Aeronaut Mat, Inst Met Res, Fatigue Soc, C-MRS, Int Fatigue Congress, Nat Sci Fdn China, C-MRS, MTS Syst Corp, INSTRON Int Ltd, AFOSR AOARD, USARO-FE, Roell Amsler, NCode Int Ltd, United Technol Corp, European Commiss, European Union-Delegat ID STABILIZED ZIRCONIA CERAMICS; HIGH-CYCLE-FATIGUE; PROPAGATION; ALLOYS; COMPOSITES; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINA; LIFE AB Whereas damage-tolerant design and "lifing" methodologies have been practiced in metallic structures for decades, their application to advanced ceramic and intermetallic materials poses particular problems. This is because these materials are generally highly sensitive to the presence of flaws. Moreover, akin to metals, they are susceptible to premature failure by cyclic fatigue, which provides a prominent mechanism for subcritical crack growth that further limits life. One specific problem involves the large dependency of growth rates on the applied stress intensity, i.e., high Paris law exponents, which necessitates that design is based on the concept of a fatigue threshold, particularly in the presence of small cracks. In this paper, studies on the role of small cracks in influencing thresholds and near-threshold behavior indicate that behavior in both advanced (PSZ, SiC, TiAl) and traditional (Ti-6AL-4V) materials is remarkably similar. However, microstructures with optimal small-crack growth resistance are rarely similar to those optimized for large-crack properties. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ritchie, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHINA HIGHER EDUCATION PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 55 SHATAN HOUJIE, BEIJING, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 7-04-007582-2 PY 1999 BP 3 EP 14 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BR59R UT WOS:000166896200001 ER PT S AU Keeney, JA Williams, PT AF Keeney, JA Williams, PT BE Panontin, TL Sheppard, SD TI Fracture analysis of ductile crack growth in weld material from a full-thickness clad RPV shell segment SO FATIGUE AND FRACTURE MECHANICS: TWENTY-NINTH VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th National Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics CY JUN 24-26, 1997 CL STANFORD, CA SP ASTM Comm E8 Fatigue & Fracture DE reactor pressure vessel; full-thickness clad beam; shallow-crack; compact tension specimen; precleavage tearing; continuum damage models AB Recent studies indicate that the onset of stable ductile tearing leads to crack-tip fields ahead of the growing crack and crack-tip profiles that differ from those of a stationary crack. Stable ductile tearing exposes additional volumes of material to elevated stresses as the crack advances, which alters the sampling of potential cleavage initiation sites on the microstructural level. Also, measured cleavage fracture toughness values for these specimens will be influenced by changes in crack-tip constraint conditions that occur with prior stable crack growth. Fracture analysis techniques for inclusion of ductile crack growth in finite-element analyses were evaluated through applications to a full-thickness clad beam specimen containing a shallow crack in material for which metallurgical conditions are prototypic of those found in reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) at beginning of life. The beam specimen, which experienced a significant amount of precleavage stable ductile tearing, was fabricated from a section of an RPV wall (removed from a canceled nuclear plant) that includes weld, plate, and clad material. Effects of precleavage tearing on estimates of fracture toughness were investigated using continuum damage models. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dev Staff, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Keeney, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dev Staff, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 1040-1695 BN 0-8031-2486-4 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1999 VL 1332 BP 851 EP 861 DI 10.1520/STP14987S PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM73J UT WOS:000079623500048 ER PT S AU Gao, Y Alluri, P He, S Engelhard, M Lea, AS Finder, J Melnick, B Hance, RL AF Gao, Y Alluri, P He, S Engelhard, M Lea, AS Finder, J Melnick, B Hance, RL BE Jones, RE Schwartz, RW Summerfelt, SR Yoo, IK TI Surface roughness and growth texture of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films formed by MOCVD SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectric Thin Films VII CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; (BA AB Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has been used to grow (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films on Ir/SiO2/Si substrates. beta-diketonates of Ba, Sr, and Ti were used as the precursors, and delivered to the reactor via direct-liquid injection. Growth rate and film thickness were monitored by in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry, and determined after growth. Film growth was studied as a function of film thickness, composition, substrate temperature, and mixture of O-2 and N2O with and without microwave plasma enhancement. Dense, mirror-like films were obtained under all conditions except when pure oxygen plasma enhancement was used. Surface roughness of the films appears strongly dependent on film thickness and composition. Film composition and growth temperature determine growth texture of the films. This paper describes these results as well as the correlation between these results and dielectric properties. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Gao, Y (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999,MS K8-93, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Engelhard, Mark/F-1317-2010; OI Lea, Alan/0000-0002-4232-1553; Engelhard, Mark/0000-0002-5543-0812 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-447-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 541 BP 29 EP 34 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BN36R UT WOS:000081716100004 ER PT S AU Friessnegg, T Nielsen, B Ghosh, VJ Moodenbaugh, AR Madhukar, S Aggarwal, S Keeble, DJ Poindexter, EH Mascher, P Ramesh, R AF Friessnegg, T Nielsen, B Ghosh, VJ Moodenbaugh, AR Madhukar, S Aggarwal, S Keeble, DJ Poindexter, EH Mascher, P Ramesh, R BE Jones, RE Schwartz, RW Summerfelt, SR Yoo, IK TI Defect identification in (La,Sr)CoO3-delta using positron annihilation spectroscopy SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectric Thin Films VII CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Vacancy type defects in bulk La1-xSrxCoO3-delta samples were investigated by positron lifetime spectroscopy. The effects of Sr-doping as well as the effect of oxygen deficiency were determined. Comparing the resolved lifetimes with calculated values permits defect identification. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Sci Mat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Friessnegg, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Sci Mat, Bldg 480, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Keeble, David /C-6633-2012; OI Keeble, David /0000-0002-5378-799X; Mascher, Peter/0000-0002-8108-0334 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-447-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 541 BP 161 EP 165 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BN36R UT WOS:000081716100022 ER PT S AU Dhote, AM Krauss, AR Auciello, O Im, J Gruen, DM Ramesh, R Pai, SP Venkatesan, T AF Dhote, AM Krauss, AR Auciello, O Im, J Gruen, DM Ramesh, R Pai, SP Venkatesan, T BE Jones, RE Schwartz, RW Summerfelt, SR Yoo, IK TI Studies of metallic species incorporation during growth of SrBi2Ta2O9 films on YBa2Cu3O7-x substrates using mass spectroscopy of recoiled ions SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectric Thin Films VII CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID BEAM SURFACE-ANALYSIS; THIN-FILMS AB The incorporation of metallic species (Bi, Sr and Ta) during the growth of layered perovskite SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) on a-axis oriented YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) conducting oxide substrates has been investigated using in situ low energy mass spectroscopy of recoiled ions (MSRI). This technique is capable of providing monolayer-specific surface information relevant to the growth of single and multi-component thin films and layered heterostructures. The data show a temperature dependence of metallic species incorporation during co-deposition of Sr, Bi and Ta on YBCO surfaces. At high temperatures (400 < T less than or equal to 700 degrees C), negligible incorporation of Bi is observed as compared to Ta and Sr. At low temperatures (less than or equal to 400 degrees C), there is a substantial incorporation of Bi, Sr and Ta on the surface of YBCO, and the MSRI signal intensities for Sr, Bi and Ta are nearly independent of substrate temperature. According to thermodynamic calculations, the presence of Ba and Y on the YBCO surface inhibit the incorporation of Bi due to competition for oxygen required to establish bonding of metallic species to the surface. This may be the explanation for the observed Bi deficiency in films grown on YBCO surfaces at temperatures > 400 degrees C. SET films grown at temperatures less than or equal to 400 degrees C and annealed in oxygen or air at 800 degrees C exhibit a polycrystalline structure with partial a-axis orientation. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dhote, AM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Venkatesan, Thirumalai/E-1667-2013 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-447-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 541 BP 281 EP 286 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BN36R UT WOS:000081716100041 ER PT S AU Im, J Auciello, O Krauss, AR Gruen, DM Chang, RPH Kim, SH Kingon, AI AF Im, J Auciello, O Krauss, AR Gruen, DM Chang, RPH Kim, SH Kingon, AI BE Jones, RE Schwartz, RW Summerfelt, SR Yoo, IK TI In situ mass spectroscopy of recoiled ion studies of degradation processes in SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films during hydrogen gas annealing SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectric Thin Films VII CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID TIME-OF-FLIGHT; GROWTH-PROCESSES; IN-SITU AB It is known that the forming gas (N-2-H-2 mixture) annealing process required for microcircuit fabrication results in an unacceptable electrical degradation of SrB2Ta2O9 (SBT) ferroelectric capacitors due mainly to the interaction of H-2 with the ferroelectric layer of the capacitor. We have found a strong relationship between changes in the surface composition of the ferroelectric layer and the electrical properties of SET capacitors as a result of hydrogen annealing. Mass spectroscopy of recoiled ions (MSRI) analysis revealed a strong reduction in the Bi signal as a function of exposure to hydrogen at high temperatures (similar to 500 degrees C). The Bi signal reduction correlates with Bi depletion in the SET surface region. Subsequent annealing in oxygen at temperatures in the range of 700-800 degrees C resulted in the recovery of the MSRI Bi signal, corresponding to the replenishment of Bi in the previously Bi-depleted surface region. XRD analysis (probing the whole SET film thickness) showed little difference in the XRD spectra of the SET films before and after hydrogen and oxygen-recovery annealing. The combined results of the MSRI and XRD analyses can be interpreted as an indication that the degradation of the electrical properties of the SET capacitors, after hydrogen annealing, is mainly due to the degradation of the near surface region of the SET layer. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Im, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Chang, R.P.H/B-7505-2009 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-447-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 541 BP 287 EP 292 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BN36R UT WOS:000081716100042 ER PT S AU Chen, N Bai, GR Auciello, O Koritala, RE Lanagan, MT AF Chen, N Bai, GR Auciello, O Koritala, RE Lanagan, MT BE Jones, RE Schwartz, RW Summerfelt, SR Yoo, IK TI Properties and orientation of antiferroelectric lead zirconate thin films grown by MOCVD SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectric Thin Films VII CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE; BUFFER LAYER AB Single-phase polycrystalline PbZrO3 (PZ) thin films, 3000-6000 Angstrom thick, have been grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on (111)Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates at approximate to 525 degrees C. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the PZ films grown on (111)Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si (Pt/Ti/Si) showed preferred pseudocubic (110) orientation. In contrast, PZ films grown on 150 Angstrom thick PbTiO3 (PT) template layers exhibited a pseudocubic (100) preferred orientation, and PZ films deposited on TiO2 template layers consisted of randomly oriented grains. The PZ films grown on Pt/Ti/Si with or without templates exhibited dielectric constants of 120-200 and loss tangents of 0.01-0.03. The PZ films with (110) orientation exhibited an electric-field-inducedtransformation from the antiferroelectric phase to the ferroelectric phase with a polarization of approximate to 34 mu C/cm(2), and the energy that was stored during switching was 7.1 J/cm(3). The field needed to excite the ferroelectric state and that needed to revert to the antiferroelectric state were 350 and 250 kV/cm, respectively. Relationships between the MOCVD processing and the film microstructure and properties are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, N (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koritala, Rachel/F-1774-2011 NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-447-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 541 BP 345 EP 350 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BN36R UT WOS:000081716100051 ER PT S AU Garino, TJ Tuttle, BA Laguna, G Clem, P AF Garino, TJ Tuttle, BA Laguna, G Clem, P BE Jones, RE Schwartz, RW Summerfelt, SR Yoo, IK TI Fabrication and characterization of PZT thin-film on bulk micromachined Si motion detectors SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectric Thin Films VII CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID PIEZOELECTRIC ACCELEROMETER; FORCE MICROSCOPY; CANTILEVER AB Motion detectors consisting of Pb(ZrxTi(1-x))O-3 (PZT) thin films, between platinum electrodes, on micromachined silicon compound clamped-clamped or cantilever beam structures were fabricated using either hot KOH or High Aspect Ratio Silicon Etching (HARSE) to micromachine the silicon. The beams were designed such that a thicker region served as a test mass that produced stress at the top of the membrane springs that supported it when the object to which the detector was mounted moved. The PZT film devices were placed on these membranes to generate a charge, or a voltage, in response to the stress through the piezoelectric effect. Issues of integration of the PZT device fabrication process with the two etching processes are discussed. The effects of PZT composition and device geometry on the response of the detectors to motion is reported and discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Garino, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS-1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-447-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 541 BP 629 EP 634 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BN36R UT WOS:000081716100092 ER PT S AU Clem, PG Tuttle, BA Ruffner, JA Brinker, CJ Schwartz, RW Rodriguez, M Warren, WL AF Clem, PG Tuttle, BA Ruffner, JA Brinker, CJ Schwartz, RW Rodriguez, M Warren, WL BE Jones, RE Schwartz, RW Summerfelt, SR Yoo, IK TI Investigation of PZT//LSCO//Pt//aerogel thin film composites for uncooled pyroelectric IR detectors SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectric Thin Films VII CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID SILICA AB A monolithic thin film structure for uncooled pyroelectric infrared detector arrays was developed to integrate thermally isolated Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3-based thin films on silicon, with a low thermal conductivity, aerogel thin film interlayer. Aerogel thin films of 0.4-1.2 mu m thickness and 70-85% porosity were deposited on silicon substrates by dip coating to form a thermal isolation layer. 200-400nm thick Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O-3 films deposited on (La,Sr)CoO3[LSCO]//Pt electrodes atop these aerogel films displayed a remanent polarization P-r = 28 mu C/cm(2), pyroelectric coefficient p = 30 nC/cm(2)K, and calculated noise equivalent temperature difference NETD = 0.07 degrees C. Processing of Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 thin films atop the aerogel interlayer structure required modifications to deposition and heat treatment methods to minimize tensile stress accumulation. Effects of thermal processing and thin film stress state on ferroelectric properties are also reported. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Clem, PG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-447-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 541 BP 661 EP 666 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BN36R UT WOS:000081716100097 ER PT J AU Akdogan, EK Mayo, W Safari, A Rawn, CJ Payzant, EA AF Akdogan, EK Mayo, W Safari, A Rawn, CJ Payzant, EA TI Structure-property relations in mesoscopic BaTiO3 and PbTiO3 SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Applications of Polar Dielectrics (ECAPD-IV) CY AUG 24-27, 1998 CL MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND DE size effects; PbTiO3; BaTiO3 ID BARIUM-TITANATE; SIZE; FERROELECTRICS; PARTICLES AB Structure-property relations in mesoscopic BaTiO3 and PbTiO3 are reviewed from the standpoint of effects of crystallite size on intrinsic behavior using the Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire formalism. Experimental results based on x-ray diffractometry and quantitative calorimetry indicate that the critical crystallite sizes (CCS) for the stabilization of the cubic paraelectric phase in BaTiO3 and PbTiO3 are in the vicinity of 67 and 15 nm, respectively. The CCS scales inversely with the cubic-tetragonal transition temperature (Ttr). The depression in Ttr in PbTiO3 is -15 (C with decreasing crystallite size (CS). A decrease in Ttr for BaTiO3 was not observed. Both systems preserve their first order phase transformation characteristics with reduced CS. Electrostrictive coefficients were determined as a function of CS and were found to exhibit a pronounced increase with decreasing CS. The increase in the electrostrictive coefficients offsets the decrease in spontaneous polarization and results in an increase in piezoelectric moduli suggesting that strong piezoelectric activity could indeed be observed in the mesoscopic size range. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram & Mat Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, HTML, Oak Ridge, TN 37381 USA. RP Akdogan, EK (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Ceram & Mat Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Payzant, Edward/B-5449-2009 OI Payzant, Edward/0000-0002-3447-2060 NR 16 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 1999 VL 223 IS 1-4 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1080/00150199908260547 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 222NW UT WOS:000081792500003 ER PT J AU Lanceros-Mendez, S Schmidt, VH Shapiro, SA AF Lanceros-Mendez, S Schmidt, VH Shapiro, SA TI Phase coexistence in the deuteron glass Rb-0.9(ND4)(0.1)D2AsO4 proven by neutron diffraction SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th European Conference on Applications of Polar Dielectrics (ECAPD-IV) CY AUG 24-27, 1998 CL MONTREUX, SWITZERLAND DE proton glass; coexistence; neutron diffraction; ferroelectrics ID RB-1-X(ND4)(X)D2ASO4 MIXED-CRYSTALS; CONCENTRATION DEPENDENCES; PROTON-GLASS; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS AB Neutron diffraction technique has been used to study the transitions from the paraelectric (PE) phase to the ferroelectric (FE) one in the deuteron glass crystal Rb-0.9(ND4)(0.1)D2AsO4 (DRADA-10). The crystal shows PE hk0 diffraction spots splitting into spot patterns from domains, 4 spots from 4 FE domain types. A more complex phase behavior that the one corresponding to a typical PE-FE phase transition has been found. Coexistence of FE and PE features together with incommensurate correlations in the low temperature phase has been discovered. The intensity of the spots associated with the FE domains indicates the fraction of the crystal in the low-temperature phase. For DRADA-10 there is a fairly wide temperature range (7-10 K) over which these spots coexisted with spots remaining from the paraelectric phase. C1 Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Lanceros-Mendez, S (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RI lanceros-mendez, senentxu/A-1730-2011 OI lanceros-mendez, senentxu/0000-0001-6791-7620 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 1999 VL 223 IS 1-4 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1080/00150199908260572 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 222NW UT WOS:000081792500028 ER PT J AU Sanati, M Saxena, A AF Sanati, M Saxena, A TI Modeling of domain walls in ferroelectric polymers SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Ferroic Domains and Mesoscopic Structures (ISFD-5) CY APR 06-10, 1998 CL PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PA SP Penn St Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Coll Earth & Mineral Sci, Penn St Univ, Dept Math, Eberly Coll Sci, Penn St Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Coll Engn, Off Naval Res, Murata Mfg Co Inc, Alcoa Proffessorship Fund, Gordon & Breach Publicat HO PENN STATE UNIV ID VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE; PHASE-TRANSITION; TRIFLUOROETHYLENE; COPOLYMER AB We study domain wall formation and energetics in ferroelectric polymers and copolymers by augmenting the Landau-Devonshire free energy with a polarization gradient term. We estimate the value of gradient coefficient from the optical data and investigate the temperature dependence of domain wall width and formation energy for the four types of possible ferroelectric-ferroelectric and ferroelectric-paraelectric domain walls. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sanati, M (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM mxs@tyr.lanl.gov; avadh@lanl.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 1999 VL 222 IS 1-4 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1080/00150199908014806 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 215CF UT WOS:000081363800016 ER PT J AU Yang, TJ Mohideen, U Gopalan, V Swart, P AF Yang, TJ Mohideen, U Gopalan, V Swart, P TI Observation and mobility study of single 180 degrees domain wall using a near-field scanning optical microscope SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Ferroic Domains and Mesoscopic Structures (ISFD-5) CY APR 06-10, 1998 CL PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PA SP Penn St Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Coll Earth & Mineral Sci, Penn St Univ, Dept Math, Eberly Coll Sci, Penn St Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Coll Engn, Off Naval Res, Murata Mfg Co Inc, Alcoa Proffessorship Fund, Gordon & Breach Publicat HO PENN STATE UNIV DE domain walls; near-field scanning optical microscopy; domain wall mobility ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; FERROELECTRIC DOMAINS; NANOSCALE VISUALIZATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; INTERNAL FIELD; CRYSTALS; ORIGIN AB We have made a direct and nanometer scale observation of single 180 degrees domain walls in 500 mu m thick ferroelectric LiTaO(3) by using a collection mode Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscope. We unambiguously identify single domain walls by simultaneously recording nanometer scale topographic and optical images. The polarization rotation of a linear polarized laser beam due to the birefringence at the domain wall is optically imaged with 80-100nm spatial resolution. Next we have made a direct nanometer scale study of the mobility of a single 180 degrees domain wall under a uniform applied electric field using the same technique. The mobility of the domain walls is strongly influenced by sub-surface pinning defects. C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mohideen, U (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Phys, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. EM umar.mohideen@ucr.edu NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 1999 VL 222 IS 1-4 BP 351 EP 358 DI 10.1080/00150199908014837 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 215CF UT WOS:000081363800047 ER PT J AU Tuttle, B Headley, T Drewien, C Michael, J Voigt, J Garino, T AF Tuttle, B Headley, T Drewien, C Michael, J Voigt, J Garino, T TI Comparison of ferroelectric domain assemblages in Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 thin films and bulk ceramics SO FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Ferroic Domains and Mesoscopic Structures (ISFD-5) CY APR 06-10, 1998 CL PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PENNSYLVANIA SP Penn St Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Coll Earth & Mineral Sci, Penn St Univ, Dept Math, Eberly Coll Sci, Penn St Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Coll Engn, Off Naval Res, Murata Mfg Co Inc, Alcoa Proffessorship Fund, Gordon & Breach Publicat HO PENN STATE UNIV DE PZT thin films; electron channel contrast imaging; transmission electron microscopy; structure - property relationships; 180 degrees domains ID PATTERNS AB Ferroelectric domain assemblages of bulk and thin film Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 (PZT) ceramics are characterized as a function of grain size. Specifically, domain morphologies of chemically prepared, bulk PZT 95/5 (rhombohedral symmetry) ceramics are compared to tetragonally distorted perovskite PZT thin films of composition ranging from PZT 20/80 to PZT 53/47. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron channel contrast imaging (ECCI) and backscattered electron Kikuchi patterns (BEKP) are the primary means of structural characterization. Domain morphologies in TEM foils, which have minimal mechanical constraints, are to first order very similar to domain morphologies determined by ECCI of PZT thin films mechanically constrained to substrates and to those of bulk ceramics exhibiting internal stress. While quasistatic 90 degrees type domain patterns as a function of grain size are similar for both bulk and thin film ferroelectrics, 90 degrees domain dynamics are substantially different for PZT thin film and bulk materials. 90 degrees type domains are readily mobile under an applied electric field in large grain, bulk ceramics, but movement of these 90 degrees type domains is shown to be severely limited in PZT thin films. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Tuttle, B (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0015-0193 J9 FERROELECTRICS JI Ferroelectrics PY 1999 VL 221 IS 1-4 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1080/00150199908016457 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 215BZ UT WOS:000081363200029 ER PT S AU Carlson, J AF Carlson, J BE Desplanques, B Protasov, K SilvestreBrac, B Carbonell, J TI Quantum Monte Carlo methods in few-body physics SO FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS '98 SE FEW-BODY SYSTEMS SUPPLEMENTUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics CY JUN 01-06, 1998 CL AUTRANS, FRANCE SP Inst Natl Phys Nucl & Phys Particles, Inst Sci Nucl, Grenoble, CEA, SPhN, DAPNIA, CNRS, Minist Educ Natl Rech & Technol, Minist Affaires Etrangeres, Conseil Gen Dept Isere, Conseil Reg Reg Rhone Alpes, Xerox ID NUCLEI AB Monte Carlo methods are being used to bridge the gap between few- and many-body quantum systems. In electronic systems, Quantum Monte Carlo methods can be used to study the stability and orientation of various arrangements of atoms and molecules. In nuclear physics, Monte Carlo methods provide a unique opportunity to study light nuclei with realistic nuclear interactions. In this article, we discuss why and how Monte Carlo methods have been adapted to few-body physics, and a variety of the recent applications of such methods. We highlight applications in nuclear physics, where studies of the nuclear interaction are extremely important. Three-nucleon interactions and relativistic effects are being studied in different nuclei with a variety of techniques. Nuclei beyond A=4 offer unique opportunities to study the isospin dependence of the three-nucleon interaction, as well as studies of bound states with important contributions from odd-parity partial waves. We have also begun to study the parity-violating NN interaction, where some interesting new few-nucleon experiments are planned and underway. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carlson, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-8811 BN 3-211-83280-7 J9 FEW BODY SY PY 1999 VL 10 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BN03D UT WOS:000080453700001 ER PT S AU Varga, K Usukura, J Suzuki, Y AF Varga, K Usukura, J Suzuki, Y BE Desplanques, B Protasov, K SilvestreBrac, B Carbonell, J TI Recent applications of the stochastic variational method SO FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS '98 SE FEW-BODY SYSTEMS SUPPLEMENTUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics CY JUN 01-06, 1998 CL AUTRANS, FRANCE SP Inst Natl Phys Nucl & Phys Particles, Inst Sci Nucl, Grenoble, CEA, SPhN, DAPNIA, CNRS, Minist Educ Natl Rech & Technol, Minist Affaires Etrangeres, Conseil Gen Dept Isere, Conseil Reg Reg Rhone Alpes, Xerox ID POSITRONIUM MOLECULE; GROUND-STATE; SYSTEMS; LITHIUM; MOTION; FORCES AB This paper overviews the most recent developments and applications of the stochastic Variational method for different physical systems. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Varga, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-8811 BN 3-211-83280-7 J9 FEW BODY SY PY 1999 VL 10 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BN03D UT WOS:000080453700002 ER PT S AU Coester, F Klink, WH Polyzou, WN AF Coester, F Klink, WH Polyzou, WN BE Desplanques, B Protasov, K SilvestreBrac, B Carbonell, J TI Null-plane invariance of Hamiltonian null-plane dynamics SO FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS '98 SE FEW-BODY SYSTEMS SUPPLEMENTUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics CY JUN 01-06, 1998 CL AUTRANS, FRANCE SP Inst Natl Phys Nucl & Phys Particles, Inst Sci Nucl, Grenoble, CEA, SPhN, DAPNIA, CNRS, Minist Educ Natl Rech & Technol, Minist Affaires Etrangeres, Conseil Gen Dept Isere, Conseil Reg Reg Rhone Alpes, Xerox ID LIGHT-FRONT DYNAMICS; PARTICLES C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Coester, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-8811 BN 3-211-83280-7 J9 FEW BODY SY PY 1999 VL 10 BP 115 EP 118 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BN03D UT WOS:000080453700019 ER PT S AU Ovchinnikov, SY Macek, JH Tantawi, RS Sabbah, AS AF Ovchinnikov, SY Macek, JH Tantawi, RS Sabbah, AS BE Desplanques, B Protasov, K SilvestreBrac, B Carbonell, J TI Dynamics in few body Coulomb problems SO FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS '98 SE FEW-BODY SYSTEMS SUPPLEMENTUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics CY JUN 01-06, 1998 CL AUTRANS, FRANCE SP Inst Natl Phys Nucl & Phys Particles, Inst Sci Nucl, Grenoble, CEA, SPhN, DAPNIA, CNRS, Minist Educ Natl Rech & Technol, Minist Affaires Etrangeres, Conseil Gen Dept Isere, Conseil Reg Reg Rhone Alpes, Xerox AB We develop the "positive energy Sturmian technique" for the solution of time-dependent Schrodinger equations which describe few Coulomb centers with scattering initial conditions. The "positive energy Sturmian technique" is based on the following main steps: (i) time-dependent scaled transformation; (ii) Fourier transformation into the frequency domain; (iii) outgoing wave Sturmian expansions; and (iv) solution of coupled equations. The technique has been applied in electron-atom and ion-atom collisions for calculations of energy and angular distributions of emitted electrons and excitations of atoms. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ovchinnikov, SY (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Ovchinnikov, Serguei/C-4994-2014 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-8811 BN 3-211-83280-7 J9 FEW BODY SY PY 1999 VL 10 BP 239 EP 242 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BN03D UT WOS:000080453700043 ER PT S AU Huber, D AF Huber, D BE Desplanques, B Protasov, K SilvestreBrac, B Carbonell, J TI The A(y) puzzle and the nuclear force SO FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS '98 SE FEW-BODY SYSTEMS SUPPLEMENTUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics CY JUN 01-06, 1998 CL AUTRANS, FRANCE SP Inst Natl Phys Nucl & Phys Particles, Inst Sci Nucl, Grenoble, CEA, SPhN, DAPNIA, CNRS, Minist Educ Natl Rech & Technol, Minist Affaires Etrangeres, Conseil Gen Dept Isere, Conseil Reg Reg Rhone Alpes, Xerox AB The nucleon-deuteron analyzing power A(y) in elastic nucleon-deuteron scattering poses a longstanding puzzle. At energies E-lab below approximately 30 MeV, A(y) cannot be described by any realistic NN force. The inclusion of existing three-nucleon forces does not improve the situation. Because of recent questions about the P-3(J) NN phases, we examine whether reasonable changes in the NN force can resolve the puzzle. In order to do this, Re investigate the effect on the P-3(J) waves produced by changes in different parts of the potential (viz., the central force, tensor force, etc.), as well as on the 2-body observables and on A(y) We find that it is not possible with reasonable changes in the NN potential to increase the 3-body A(y) and at the same time to keep the 2-body observables unchanged. We therefore conclude that the A(y) puzzle is likely to be solved by new three-nucleon forces, such as those of spin-orbit type, which have not yet been taken into account. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huber, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-8811 BN 3-211-83280-7 J9 FEW BODY SY PY 1999 VL 10 BP 323 EP 326 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BN03D UT WOS:000080453700054 ER PT S AU Gomez, J AF Gomez, J BE Desplanques, B Protasov, K SilvestreBrac, B Carbonell, J TI Measurements of the deuteron elastic structure function A(Q(2)) at the Jefferson laboratory SO FEW-BODY PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS '98 SE FEW-BODY SYSTEMS SUPPLEMENTUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics CY JUN 01-06, 1998 CL AUTRANS, FRANCE SP Inst Natl Phys Nucl & Phys Particles, Inst Sci Nucl, Grenoble, CEA, SPhN, DAPNIA, CNRS, Minist Educ Natl Rech & Technol, Minist Affaires Etrangeres, Conseil Gen Dept Isere, Conseil Reg Reg Rhone Alpes, Xerox ID FORM-FACTORS; SCATTERING AB The deuteron elastic structure function A(Q(2)) has been extracted in the range 0.7 less than or equal to Q(2) less than or equal to 6.0 (GeV/c)(2) from cross section measurements of elastic electron-deuteron in coincidence. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Div Phys, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Gomez, J (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Div Phys, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-8811 BN 3-211-83280-7 J9 FEW BODY SY PY 1999 VL 10 BP 431 EP 434 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BN03D UT WOS:000080453700081 ER PT J AU Noyes, HP Jones, ED AF Noyes, HP Jones, ED TI Solution of a relativistic three-body problem SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Starting from a relativistic s-wave scattering-length model for the two-particle input we construct an unambiguous, unitary solution of the relativistic three-body problem given only the masses m(a),m(b),m(c) and the masses of the two-body bound states mu(bc),mu(ca),mu(ab). C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Noyes, HP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PY 1999 VL 27 IS 3-4 BP 123 EP 139 DI 10.1007/s006010050126 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 282KG UT WOS:000085216800001 ER PT S AU Bliss, M Craig, RA Anheier, NC AF Bliss, M Craig, RA Anheier, NC BE Dakin, JP Kersey, AD Paul, DK TI Demonstration of a static Fourier transform spectrometer SO FIBER OPTIC AND LASER SENSORS AND APPLICATIONS: INCLUDING DISTRIBUTED AND MULTIPLEXED FIBER OPTIC SENSORS VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fiber Optic and Laser Sensors and Applications CY NOV 03-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE-Int Soc Opt Engn DE FTIR; interferogram; Bragg gratings; spectroscopy; spatial domain AB In an conventional FTIR, the spectral content of the light is analyzed by a Michelson interferometer or other interferometer with a moving arm. The transmitted light intensity is measured by a wavelength-insensitive detector. The interferogram derived from a Michelson interferometer lies in the temporal domain. An alternative method for obtaining the interferogram involving no moving parts is demonstrated. For this, the interferogram lies in the spatial domain. This concept has many applications to sensor systems, for instance, forming a low-cost demodulator for Bragg-grating systems or field-portable spectrometers. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Bliss, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, MS P8-20,POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Bliss, Mary/G-2240-2012 OI Bliss, Mary/0000-0002-7565-4813 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3002-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3541 BP 103 EP 109 DI 10.1117/12.339080 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BM50U UT WOS:000078921800013 ER PT J AU Demirgian, J Macha, S AF Demirgian, J Macha, S TI Collection of quantitative chemical release field data SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE field testing; FTIR; chemical release ID CALIBRATION AB Detection and quantitation of chemicals in the environment requires Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) instruments that are properly calibrated and tested, This calibration and testing requires field testing using matrices that are representative of actual instrument use conditions. Three methods commonly used for developing calibration files and training sets in the field are a closed optical cell or chamber, a large-scale chemical release, and a small-scale chemical release. There is no best method. The advantages and limitations of each method should be considered in evaluating field results, Proper calibration characterizes the sensitivity of an instrument, its ability to detect a component in different matrices, and the quantitative accuracy and precision of the results, (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Demirgian, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, 9700 S Casse Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 2 BP 95 EP 104 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 190PD UT WOS:000079972300004 ER PT J AU Vo-Dinh, T Stokes, DL AF Vo-Dinh, T Stokes, DL TI Surface-enhanced Raman detection of chemical vapors with the use of personal dosimeters SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vapor monitor; personal dosimeter; surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS); SERS substrate; poly(vinyl pyrrolidone); nicotine; dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP); diisopropyl methyl phosphonate (DIMP) ID SILVER ELECTRODE; ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY; SCATTERING ANALYSIS; SPECTRA; SERS; SPECTROSCOPY; SUBSTRATE; SPECTROMETRY; STABILITY; PYRIDINE AB This article provides an overview of the development and application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for the detection of vapors of organic chemicals with the use of personal dosimetry. The approach used with this personal dosimeter requires no sample desorption or wet-chemical extraction procedure. The dosimeter employs the SERS technique for direct measurement of the amount of analyte collected on the sample substrate. SERS substrates based on nanoparticles developed in our laboratory have been Incorporated in this dosimeter design. Polymers applied to these solid-based SERS substrates can further enhance dosimeter shelf life, ruggedness, and chemical selectivity. Use of this SERS dosimeter for the determination of time-weighted average exposures to chemical vapors has been demonstrated. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 37 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1999 VL 3 IS 6 BP 346 EP 356 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1999)3:6<346::AID-FACT4>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 268DH UT WOS:000084398700004 ER PT B AU Ogunsola, OI Shadle, L Casleton, K Mei, J AF Ogunsola, OI Shadle, L Casleton, K Mei, J GP CIBO CIBO TI Status of seasonal NOx study SO FIFTEENTH ANNUAL FLUIDIZED BED CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Fluidized Bed Conference CY NOV 08-10, 1999 CL MORGANTOWN, WV SP Council Ind Boiler Owners Tech Comm AB One of the advantages of circulating fluidized bed combustor (CFBC) over the conventional fluidized bed is its relatively low emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx). However, a seasonal increase in ammonia usage to control NOx has recently been observed by some CFB coal-fired power plants. The preliminary results of an ongoing study aimed at identifying and understanding possible causes of the seasonal NOx problem in CFB coal-fired power plants are discussed in this paper. Three waste coal-fired plants were involved in the study. Historical data on fuel properties, operating conditions, and emission characteristics were provided by the plants. The extensive data were carefully and thoroughly examined and analyzed for any evidence of seasonal variation of NOx and any of the variables and relationship between NOx and the pertinent parameters. Prior to the comprehensive data analyses, a review of the literature was conducted to identify the NOx dependence parameters or variables of importance. Results obtained reveal no predictable seasonal variation in NOx and other common factors that are known to influence NOx emission. Bed temperature, excess oxygen, cyclone outlet temperature, Ca/S ratio, and ammonia consumption were suspected to be the predominant possible causes of the variation in NOx emission. Ammonia consumption was found to be highest in winter at the plants that use it to control NOx. Humidity ratio, fuel moisture, and ambient air temperature were the only parameters found to vary predictably with season. Humidity ratio and ambient air temperature, however, did not show any strong relationship with either NOx or ammonia consumption. C1 US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Ogunsola, OI (reprint author), US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COUNCIL INDUSTRIAL BOILER OWNERS PI BURKE PA 6035 BURKE CENTER PARKWAY, SUITE 360, BURKE, VA 22015 USA PY 1999 BP 197 EP 216 PG 20 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA BQ03N UT WOS:000086918800014 ER PT B AU McMahan, MA AF McMahan, MA BE Sharp, R Dressendorfer, P TI Radiation effects testing at the 88-Inch Cyclotron SO FIFTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 99) CY SEP 13-17, 1999 CL FONTEVRAUD, FRANCE SP Commissariat Energie Atom, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, COGEMA, CNES, TEMIC, CEA DAM, CEA DTA AB The 88-Inch Cyclotron at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory provides radiation effects test facilities for both heavy ions and protons. The wide range of ions available, and the use of "cocktail" beams, allowing users to switch back and forth between several heavy ion beams without a retune of the accelerator, makes this facility a very versatile and economical choice for radiation effects testing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McMahan, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS-88,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5726-4 PY 1999 BP 142 EP 147 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BQ97X UT WOS:000165216900026 ER PT B AU Manfredi, PF Ratti, L Re, V Speziali, V AF Manfredi, PF Ratti, L Re, V Speziali, V BE Sharp, R Dressendorfer, P TI Effects induced by gamma radiation on the noise in junction field-effect transistors belonging to monolithic processes SO FIFTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 99) CY SEP 13-17, 1999 CL FONTEVRAUD, FRANCE SP Commissariat Energie Atom, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, COGEMA, CNES, TEMIC, CEA DAM, CEA DTA ID DEVICES; PREAMPLIFIER; ELECTRONICS; BEHAVIOR; CIRCUITS AB The effects of gamma -rays on the noise characteristics of junction held-effect transistors belonging to three monolithic technologies have been investigated. A substantially different behavior of the radiation-induced noise in N and P-channel JFETs was observed. This results in interesting design considerations for low-noise circuits. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ratti, Lodovico/I-8836-2012 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5726-4 PY 1999 BP 285 EP 288 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BQ97X UT WOS:000165216900051 ER PT B AU Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Dodd, PE Burns, JA Keast, CL Wyatt, PW AF Schwank, JR Shaneyfelt, MR Dodd, PE Burns, JA Keast, CL Wyatt, PW BE Sharp, R Dressendorfer, P TI New insights into fully-depleted SOI transistor response after total-dose irradiation SO FIFTH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS 99) CY SEP 13-17, 1999 CL FONTEVRAUD, FRANCE SP Commissariat Energie Atom, IEEE Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc, COGEMA, CNES, TEMIC, CEA DAM, CEA DTA ID DEVICES; MOSFETS; SIMOX AB In this work we explore the effects of total-dose ionizing irradiation on fully-depleted SOI transistors. Closed-geometry and standard transistors fabricated in two fully-depleted processes were irradiated with 10-keV x rays. Our results show that increases in radiation-induced leakage current are caused by positive charge trapping in the buried oxide inverting the back-channel interface. At moderate levels of trapped charge, the back-channel interface is slightly inverted causing a small leakage current to flow. This leakage current may be amplified to considerably higher levels by impact ionization. At high levels of trapped charge, the back-channel interface is fully inverted and the gate bias has little effect on leakage current. Large increases in leakage currents can be obtained with or without impact ionization occurring in the channel region. For these transistors, the worst-case bias configuration was determined to be the "ON" bias configuration for both the cases where radiation-induced transistor response was dominated by charge buildup in the buried oxide and in the trench sidewall isolation. These results have important implications on hardness assurance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Schwank, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1083, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-5726-4 PY 1999 BP 299 EP 307 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BQ97X UT WOS:000165216900054 ER PT S AU Piscotty, MA Davis, PJ Blaedel, KL AF Piscotty, MA Davis, PJ Blaedel, KL BE Sabia, R Greenhut, VA Pantano, CG TI Precision grinding process development for brittle materials SO FINISHING OF ADVANCED CERAMICS AND GLASSES SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Finishing of Advanced Ceramics and Glasses Symposium held at the 101st Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 25-28, 1999 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB High performance, brittle materials are the materials of choice for many of today's engineering applications. This paper describes three separate: precision grinding processes developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to machine precision ceramic components. Included in the discussion of the precision processes is a variety of grinding wheel dressing, truing anti profiling techniques. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Piscotty, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-537, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-082-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 102 BP 3 EP 9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BP30F UT WOS:000084623700001 ER PT S AU Davis, PJ Piscotty, MA Blaedel, KL AF Davis, PJ Piscotty, MA Blaedel, KL BE Sabia, R Greenhut, VA Pantano, CG TI Process diagnostics for precision grinding brittle materials in a production environment SO FINISHING OF ADVANCED CERAMICS AND GLASSES SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Finishing of Advanced Ceramics and Glasses Symposium held at the 101st Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 25-28, 1999 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc AB Precision grinding processes are steadily migrating from research laboratory environments into manufacturing production lines as precision machines and processes become increasingly more commonplace throughout industry. Low-roughness, low-damage precision grinding is gaining widespread commercial acceptance for a host of brittle materials including advanced structural ceramics. The development of these processes is often problematic and requires diagnostic information and analysis to harden the processes for manufacturing. This paper presents a series of practical precision grinding tests developed and practiced at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory that yield important information to help move a new process idea into production. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Davis, PJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-537, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-082-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 102 BP 11 EP 16 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BP30F UT WOS:000084623700002 ER PT S AU Carr, JW Fearon, E Summers, LJ Hutcheon, ID Haack, JK Hoskins, S AF Carr, JW Fearon, E Summers, LJ Hutcheon, ID Haack, JK Hoskins, S BE Sabia, R Greenhut, VA Pantano, CG TI Subsurface structure in polished fused silica, and diamond turned single crystal silicon SO FINISHING OF ADVANCED CERAMICS AND GLASSES SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Finishing of Advanced Ceramics and Glasses Symposium held at the 101st Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 25-28, 1999 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Carr, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-082-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 102 BP 163 EP 174 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BP30F UT WOS:000084623700015 ER PT S AU Tong, WM Taylor, JS Vernon, SP AF Tong, WM Taylor, JS Vernon, SP BE Sabia, R Greenhut, VA Pantano, CG TI Substrate requirements for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography SO FINISHING OF ADVANCED CERAMICS AND GLASSES SE CERAMIC TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Finishing of Advanced Ceramics and Glasses Symposium held at the 101st Annual Meeting of the American-Ceramic-Society CY APR 25-28, 1999 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Amer Ceram Soc C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tong, WM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-395, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 1042-1122 BN 1-57498-082-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 1999 VL 102 BP 233 EP 244 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BP30F UT WOS:000084623700020 ER PT S AU Carey, PG Smith, PM Theiss, SD Wickboldt, P Sigmon, TW AF Carey, PG Smith, PM Theiss, SD Wickboldt, P Sigmon, TW BE Gnade, B Kelley, EF TI Polycrystalline thin-film transistors on plastic substrates SO FLAT PANEL DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY AND DISPLAY METROLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Flat Panel Display Technology and Display Metrology CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE polysilicon; TFT; thin film transistor; laser crystallization; plastic substrate; flat panel displays; laser doping; flexible displays ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON; DISPLAYS; GLASS; TFTS AB Flat panel displays made on plastic substrates are envisioned for use in certain commercial and military systems because they are more rugged and lightweight than displays made on glass substrates. High information content can be attained for such displays using an active matrix array of thin film transistors (TFTs) for the pixels and high current TFTs for the drivers. In this work the fabrication of high performance polysilicon TFTs on flexible plastic substrates is presented along with corresponding electrical characteristics. Plastic substrates pose severe temperature constraints on the fabrication process. To overcome these constraints, our group at LLNL has used low temperature (less than or equal to 100 degrees C) silicon, oxide, and aluminum thin film deposition steps and pulsed excimer laser processing to perform. the TFT channel crystallization and the source/drain doping. Sheet resistance values below 1k Omega/square. are obtained using our laser doping technique for 900 Angstrom thick polysilicon films. Our n-channel polysilicon TFT electrical performance on plastic shows mobilities up to 50 cm(2)/v-sec and ON current to OFF current ratios of up to 1x10(6) for gate voltages from -10 to +35V. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Carey, PG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-271, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3107-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3636 BP 4 EP 10 DI 10.1117/12.344632 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BN06L UT WOS:000080536100001 ER PT S AU Shea, LE Walko, RJ AF Shea, LE Walko, RJ BE Gnade, B Kelley, EF TI Development of standards for characterization of cathodoluminescence efficiency SO FLAT PANEL DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY AND DISPLAY METROLOGY SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Flat Panel Display Technology and Display Metrology CY JAN 27-29, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE DE cathodoluminescence; flat-panel display; characterization standards; phosphors; cathodoluminescent efficiency AB Cathodoluminescence (CL) characterization in a demountable vacuum chamber is an important benchmarking tool for flat-panel display phosphors and screens. The proper way to perform these measurements is to minimize the effects of secondary electrons, excite the phosphor/screen with a uniform beam profile, and maintain a clean vacuum environment. CL measurement are important for preliminary evaluation and lifetesting of phosphor powders and screens prior to incorporation into the FPD. A survey of many CL characterization systems currently in use revealed the myriad of spectroradiometers, colorimeters, electron guns, vacuum pumps, mass spectrometers, etc. that introduce many avenues for error that are often difficult to isolate. A preliminary round-robin experiment was coordinated by Sandia and involved five other research groups. The purpose of this experiment was to obtain an indication of equipment capabilities and instrument variations, as well as reliability and consistency of results. Each group was asked to measure the luminance (cd/m(2)) and chromaticity coordinates of a Y3Al2Ga3O12: Tb pellet and calculate the luminous efficiency. Pellets were chosen in order to reduce errors associated with processing and handling of powders or screens. Some of the data reported in this experiment were in good agreement, while others differed significantly. Determining sources of error in CL measurements is an ongoing effort. By performing this experiment we were able to identify some of the causes of error and develop a characterization protocol for display phosphors. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shea, LE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0527, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3107-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3636 BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1117/12.344636 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BN06L UT WOS:000080536100013 ER PT J AU Likhachev, O Quintana, D Wygnanski, I AF Likhachev, O Quintana, D Wygnanski, I TI On the stability of a laminar wall jet with heat transfer SO FLOW TURBULENCE AND COMBUSTION LA English DT Article DE laminar wall jet; heat transfer; stability ID BOUNDARY-LAYERS AB The hydrodynamic stability of a low speed, plane, non-isothermal laminar wall jet at a constant temperature boundary condition was investigated theoretically and experimentally. The mean velocity and temperature profiles used in the stability analysis were obtained by implementing the Illingworth-Stewartson transformation that allows one to extend the classical Glauert solution to a thermally non-uniform flow. The stability calculations showed that the two unstable eigenmodes coexisting at moderate Reynolds numbers are significantly affected by the heat transfer. Heating is destabilizing the flow while cooling is stabilizing it. However, the large-scale instabilities associated with the inflection point of the velocity profile still amplify in spite of the high level of the stabilizing temperature difference. The calculated stability characteristics of the wall jet with heat transfer were compared with experimental data. The comparison showed excellent agreement for small amplitudes of the imposed perturbations. The agreement is less good for the phase velocities of the sub-harmonic wave and this is attributed to experimental difficulties and to nonlinear effects. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA Div, Energy & Proc Engn Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Fluid Mech & Heat Transfer, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Likhachev, O (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6184 J9 FLOW TURBUL COMBUST JI Flow Turbul. Combust. PY 1999 VL 62 IS 2 BP 137 EP 162 DI 10.1023/A:1009965531203 PG 26 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 234DQ UT WOS:000082469600003 ER PT B AU Babu, SS David, SA Hong, T DebRoy, T AF Babu, SS David, SA Hong, T DebRoy, T BE ElKaddah, N Robertson, DGC Johansen, ST Voller, VR TI Effect of fluid flow on inclusion coarsening in low-alloy steel welds SO FLUID FLOW PHENOMENA IN METALS PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fluid Flow Phenomena in Metals Processing, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Mineral Met & Mat Soc, EPD Div, Mineral Met & Mat Soc, LMD Div, Mineral Met & Mat Soc, MPMD Div AB Oxide inclusions form in welds because of deoxidation reactions in the weld pool. These inclusions control the weld microstructure development. Thermodynamic and kinetic calculation of oxidation reaction can describe inclusion characteristics such as number density, size, and composition. Experimental work has shown that fluid-flow velocity gradients in the weld pool can accelerate inclusion growth by collision and coalescence. Moreover, fluid flow in welds can transport inclusions to different temperature regions that may lead to repeated dissolution and growth of inclusions. These phenomena are being studied with the help of computational coupled heat transfer, fluid-flow, thermodynamic, and kinetic models. The results show that the inclusion formation in steel welds can be described as a function of the welding processes, process parameters, and steel composition. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Babu, SS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Babu, Sudarsanam/D-1694-2010; DebRoy, Tarasankar/A-2106-2010 OI Babu, Sudarsanam/0000-0002-3531-2579; NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-424-0 PY 1999 BP 221 EP 228 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM95M UT WOS:000080238900024 ER PT B AU Sabau, AS Han, Q Viswanathan, S AF Sabau, AS Han, Q Viswanathan, S BE ElKaddah, N Robertson, DGC Johansen, ST Voller, VR TI Projection methods for interdendritic flows SO FLUID FLOW PHENOMENA IN METALS PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fluid Flow Phenomena in Metals Processing, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Mineral Met & Mat Soc, EPD Div, Mineral Met & Mat Soc, LMD Div, Mineral Met & Mat Soc, MPMD Div ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; SOLIDIFICATION; MOMENTUM; MODEL; MACROSEGREGATION; TRANSPORT; SYSTEMS; LIQUID AB In spite of recent advances in the mathematical modeling of fluid dynamics for materials processing applications, no significant advances have been made in the numerical discretization of these equations. In this work, the application of two-step projection methods for the numerical simulation of interdendritic flows is discussed. Unlike previous methods, the methods presented here are constructed for the exact equations which are characterized by variable density and volumetric fraction of the liquid. The drag terms, which describe the momentum loss due to the flow around and through the dendrite structures, are treated implicitly. Numerical examples for shrinkage-induced flow during solidification of an Al-4.5% Cu alloy bar is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Sabau, AS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-424-0 PY 1999 BP 403 EP 411 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM95M UT WOS:000080238900043 ER PT B AU Mazumder, P Trivedi, R AF Mazumder, P Trivedi, R BE ElKaddah, N Robertson, DGC Johansen, ST Voller, VR TI Convection induced pattern formation in directional solidification SO FLUID FLOW PHENOMENA IN METALS PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fluid Flow Phenomena in Metals Processing, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Mineral Met & Mat Soc, EPD Div, Mineral Met & Mat Soc, LMD Div, Mineral Met & Mat Soc, MPMD Div ID SEGREGATION; ALLOYS AB Numerical analysis is carried out to examine the effects of thermosolutal convection on the formation of complex patterns in directionally solidified binary alloys. A finite-difference analysis is used for dynamic modeling of a two-dimensional prototype of Vertical Bridgman system that takes into account heat transfer in the melt, crystal, and the ampoule; melt flow and solute transport. Actual temperature data from experimental measurements are used for accurately describing the thermal boundary conditions. A range of complex dynamical behavior is predicted in the melt flow due to flow transitions and this is found to be directly related to the spatial patterns observed experimentally in the solidified alloys. The model is applied to single phase solidification in the Al-Cu and Pb-Sn systems to characterize the effect of convection on the macroscopic shape of the interface. The application of the model to hyper-peritectic alloys in the Sn-Cd system shows that the presence of oscillating flow can give rise to a navel convection induced microstructure in which a tree-like primary phase in the center of the sample is embedded in the surrounding peritectic matrix. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mazumder, P (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-424-0 PY 1999 BP 459 EP 466 PG 8 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM95M UT WOS:000080238900049 ER PT B AU Duncan, AJ Han, Q Viswanathan, S AF Duncan, AJ Han, Q Viswanathan, S BE ElKaddah, N Robertson, DGC Johansen, ST Voller, VR TI Liquid permeability measurements in solidifying aluminum-copper alloys SO FLUID FLOW PHENOMENA IN METALS PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fluid Flow Phenomena in Metals Processing, at the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 28-MAR 04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Mineral Met & Mat Soc, EPD Div, Mineral Met & Mat Soc, LMD Div, Mineral Met & Mat Soc, MPMD Div ID INTERDENDRITIC LIQUID; FLOW AB Measurements of liquid permeability in the mushy zones of Al-15.42% Cu and Al-8.68% Cu alloy samples have been performed isothermally just above the eutectic temperature, using eutectic liquid as the fluid. A modified method has been developed to determine the specific permeability, K-S, as a function of time during the test from the data collected on these alloys. Factors affecting permeability measurements are discussed. Permeabilties are observed to vary throughout the experiment. This is attributed to microstructural coarsening and channeling that occurs in the sample during the experiment. The permeability is related to the microstructure of the sample using the Kozeny-Carman equation. The correlation between the measured K-S, liquid fraction, g(L) and the specific solid surface area, S-V, improves markedly when compared to previous studies in which microstructural coarsening was ignored. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Duncan, AJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-424-0 PY 1999 BP 525 EP 533 PG 9 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM95M UT WOS:000080238900057 ER PT S AU Noah, DL Sobel, AL Ostroff, SM Kildew, JA AF Noah, DL Sobel, AL Ostroff, SM Kildew, JA BE Frazier, TW Richardson, DC TI Biological warfare training - Infectious disease outbreak differentiation criteria SO FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SECURITY: GUARDING AGAINST NATURAL THREATS AND TERRORIST ATTACKS AFFECTING HEALTH, NATIONAL FOOD SUPPLIES, AND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Food and Agricultural Security CY SEP 28-30, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP FEd Bur Investigat Lab, USDA ARS, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Dept Def Vet Serv Activ, Louisiana State Univ, FMI Sci Lab, Natl Consortium Genom Resources Management & Serv AB The threat of biological terrorism and warfare may increase as the availability of weaponizable agents increase, the relative production costs of these agents decrease, and, most importantly, there exist terrorist groups willing to use them. Therefore, an important consideration during the current emphasis of heightened surveillance for emerging infectious diseases is the capability to differentiate between natural and intentional outbreaks, Certain attributes of a disease outbreak, while perhaps not pathognomic for a biological attack when considered singly, may in combination with other attributes provide convincing evidence for intentional causation. These potentially differentiating criteria include proportion of combatants at risk, temporal patterns of illness onset, number of cases, clinical presentation, strain/variant, economic impact, geographic location, morbidity/mortality, antimicrobial resistance patterns, seasonal distribution, zoonotic potential, residual infectivity/toxicity, prevention/therapeutic potential, route of exposure, weather/climate conditions, incubation period, and concurrence with belligerent activities of potential adversaries. C1 USAF, Med Operat Agcy, SGPA, Bolling AFB, Washington, DC 20332 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Syst Res Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Noah, DL (reprint author), USAF, Armed Forces Med Intelligence Ctr, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-230-4 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1999 VL 894 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08041.x PG 7 WC Agricultural Economics & Policy; Agronomy; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA BP47M UT WOS:000085238200006 PM 10681967 ER PT S AU Morris, JW AF Morris, JW BE Beltz, GE Selinger, RLB Kim, KS Marder, MP TI Metallurgical control of the ductile-brittle transition in high-strength structural steels SO FRACTURE AND DUCTILE VS. BRITTLE BEHAVIOR-THEORY, MODELLING AND EXPERIMENT SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fracture and Ductile vs Brittle Behavior-Theory, Modelling and Experiment, at the 1998 Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The models that have been successfully used to control the ductile-brittle transition in high strength structural steels are qualitative in nature, and address the microstructural control of the mechanisms of brittle fracture. The basic idea is incorporated in the "Yoffee diagram", which dates from the 1920's and attributes the ductile-brittle transition to the competition between deformation and fracture; the more difficult brittle fracture becomes, the lower the temperature at which ductile processes dominate. There are two important brittle fracture modes: intergranular separation and transgranular cleavage. The intergranular mode is usually due to chemical contamination, and is addressed by eliminating or gettering the contaminating species. There are also examples of brittle fracture that is due to inherent grain boundary weakness. In this case the failure mode is overcome by adding beneficial species (glue) to the grain boundary. Transgranular cleavage is made more difficult by refining the effective grain size. In high strength steel this is done by refining the prior austenite grain size, by interspersing islands of metastable austenite that transform martensitically under plastic strain, or by disrupting the crystallographic alignment of ferrite grains or martensite laths. The latter mechanism offers intriguing possibilities for future steels with exceptional toughness. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Morris, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-445-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 539 BP 23 EP 27 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BN10X UT WOS:000080728200003 ER PT S AU Carpick, RW Enachescu, M Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M AF Carpick, RW Enachescu, M Ogletree, DF Salmeron, M BE Beltz, GE Selinger, RLB Kim, KS Marder, MP TI Making, breaking and sliding of nanometer-scale contacts SO FRACTURE AND DUCTILE VS. BRITTLE BEHAVIOR-THEORY, MODELLING AND EXPERIMENT SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fracture and Ductile vs Brittle Behavior-Theory, Modelling and Experiment, at the 1998 Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ULTRAHIGH-VACUUM; FRICTION; ADHESION; SURFACE; CALIBRATION; MECHANICS; SPHERES AB The contact between an atomic force microscope tip and a sample surface can form an ideal single asperity of nanometer dimensions, where the interaction forces can be measured with sub-nanoNewton force resolution. Studies of contact, adhesion and friction for these nano-asperities have been carried out for a variety of tips and single crystal sample surfaces. The major result is the observation of proportionality between friction and true contact area for a variety of systems, and an impressive agreement with continuum mechanics models for contact area even at the nanometer scale. The relevant continuum models can in fact be understood in the framework of fracture mechanics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Carpick, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS1413, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Enachescu, Marius/C-4963-2011 NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-445-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 539 BP 93 EP 103 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BN10X UT WOS:000080728200013 ER PT S AU Schwartz, AJ Stolken, JS King, WE Campbell, GH Lassila, DH Shu, JY Sun, S Adams, BL AF Schwartz, AJ Stolken, JS King, WE Campbell, GH Lassila, DH Shu, JY Sun, S Adams, BL BE Beltz, GE Selinger, RLB Kim, KS Marder, MP TI Analysis of compression behavior of a [011] Ta single crystal with orientation imaging microscopy and crystal plasticity SO FRACTURE AND DUCTILE VS. BRITTLE BEHAVIOR-THEORY, MODELLING AND EXPERIMENT SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fracture and Ductile vs Brittle Behavior-Theory, Modelling and Experiment, at the 1998 Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID CONSTITUTIVE-EQUATIONS; TANTALUM AB High-purity tantalum single crystal cylinders oriented with [011] parallel to the cylinder axis were deformed 10, 20, and 30 percent in compression. The engineering stress-strain curve exhibited an up-turn at strains greater than similar to 20% while the samples took on an ellipsoidal shape during testing, elongated along the [100] direction with almost no dimensional change along [0 (1) over bar 1]. Two orthogonal planes were selected for characterization using Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM): one plane containing [100] and [011] (longitudinal) and the other in the plane containing [0 (1) over bar 1] and [011] (transverse). OIM revealed patterns of alternating crystal rotations that develop as a function of strain and exhibit evolving length scales. The spacing and magnitude of these alternating misorientations increases in number density and decreases in spacing with increasing strain. Classical crystal plasticity calculations were performed to simulate the effects of compression deformation with and without the presence of friction. The calculated stress-strain response, local lattice reorientations, and specimen shape are compared with experiment. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Schwartz, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-445-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 539 BP 221 EP 232 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BN10X UT WOS:000080728200031 ER PT S AU Belak, J Minich, R AF Belak, J Minich, R BE Beltz, GE Selinger, RLB Kim, KS Marder, MP TI Simulation of void growth at high strain-rate SO FRACTURE AND DUCTILE VS. BRITTLE BEHAVIOR-THEORY, MODELLING AND EXPERIMENT SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fracture and Ductile vs Brittle Behavior-Theory, Modelling and Experiment, at the 1998 Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID DUCTILE; METALS; CRITERIA; FAILURE AB The dynamic fracture (spallation) of ductile metals is known to initiate through the nucleation and growth of microscopic voids. Here, we apply atomistic molecular dynamics modeling to the early growth of nanoscale (2nm radius) voids in face centered cubic metals using embedded atom potential models. The voids grow through anisotropic dislocation nucleation and emission into a cuboidal shape in agreement with experiment. The mechanism of this nucleation process is presented. The resulting viscous growth exponent at late times is about three times larger than expected from experiment for microscale voids, suggesting either a length scale dependence or a inadequacy of the molecular dynamics model such as the perfect crystal surrounding the void. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 95440 USA. RP Belak, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 95440 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-445-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 539 BP 257 EP 261 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BN10X UT WOS:000080728200035 ER PT S AU Holm, EA McGovney, GN AF Holm, EA McGovney, GN BE Beltz, GE Selinger, RLB Kim, KS Marder, MP TI Minimum surface formation energy for three-dimensional intergranular fracture SO FRACTURE AND DUCTILE VS. BRITTLE BEHAVIOR-THEORY, MODELLING AND EXPERIMENT SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fracture and Ductile vs Brittle Behavior-Theory, Modelling and Experiment, at the 1998 Fall Meeting CY NOV 30-DEC 03, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; GRAIN-GROWTH AB The minimum expended energy for fracture is the free energy required to form two new surfaces. For intergranular fracture, the minimum surface formation energy is complicated by the rough fracture surface, with area greater than the specimen cross-section. We utilize network optimization algorithms (max-flow/min-cut) to determine the minimum surface formation energies and surfaces for intergranular fracture in 3D polycrystals. For equiaxed grains and uniform boundary strength, the minimum energy fracture area is independent of grain size and is 45% larger than the specimen cross-section, and intergranular fracture will occur when surface energy is less than 1.6 times the grain boundary energy. The 3D fracture area is larger than projected from 2D systems. In systems with microcracked boundaries, the fracture surface deviates to preferentially include microcracked boundaries, creating interlocking grain configurations. Two-dimensional percolation of microcracks occurs at about 80% microcracked boundaries. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Holm, EA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Holm, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-445-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1999 VL 539 BP 325 EP 330 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BN10X UT WOS:000080728200043 ER PT B AU White, DH AF White, DH BE Ram, M TI Neutrino oscillations SO FRAGEMENTS OF SCIENCE: FESTSCHRIFT FOR MENDEL SACHS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fragments of Science CY SEP 07, 1997 CL AMHERST, NY ID ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINOS; SEARCH; RATIO; FLUX AB The current state of experiments searching for neutrino oscillations is discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the Los Alamos experiment in the Liquid Scintillator Neutrino Detector (LSND). C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP White, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3884-3 PY 1999 BP 167 EP 181 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BR21H UT WOS:000165862700012 ER PT B AU Ahluwalia, DV AF Ahluwalia, DV BE Ram, M TI On an incompleteness in the general-relativistic description of gravitation SO FRAGEMENTS OF SCIENCE: FESTSCHRIFT FOR MENDEL SACHS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fragments of Science CY SEP 07, 1997 CL AMHERST, NY ID MASS AB The recently introduced mechanism of flavor-oscillation clocks has been used to emphasize observability of constant gravitational potentials and thereby to question completeness of the theory of general relativity. An inequality has been derived to experimentally test the thesis presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ahluwalia, DV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, H-846, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3884-3 PY 1999 BP 183 EP 190 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BR21H UT WOS:000165862700013 ER PT S AU Schmerge, JF Hernandez, M Hogan, MJ Reis, DA Winick, H AF Schmerge, JF Hernandez, M Hogan, MJ Reis, DA Winick, H BE Bennett, HE Dowell, DH TI Photocathode rf gun emittance measurements using variable length laser pulses SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges II CY JAN 26-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE rf gun; emittance measurement; laser pulse length; laser pulse shape ID EMISSION AB The Gun Test Facility (GTF) at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) was created to develop an appropriate injector for the proposed Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAG. The LCLS design requires the injector to produce a beam with at least 1 nC of charge in a 10 ps or shorter pulse with no greater than 1 pi mm-mrad normalized rms emittance. The first photoinjector under study at the GTF is a 1.6 cell S-band symmetrized gun with an emittance compensation solenoid. Emittance measurements, reported here, were made as function of the transverse laser pulse shape and the Gaussian longitudinal laser pulse length. The lowest achieved emittance to date with 1 nC of charge is 5.6 pi mm-mrad and was obtained with both a Gaussian longitudinal and transverse pulse shape with 5 ps FWHM and 2.4 mm FWHM respectively. The measurement is in agreement with a PARMELA simulation using measured beam parameters. There are indications that the accelerator settings used in the results presented here were not optimal. Simulations indicate that a normalized emittance meeting the LCLS requirement can be obtained using appropriately shaped transverse and temporal laser/electron beam pulses. Work has begun on producing temporal flat top laser pulses which combined with transverse clipping of the laser is expected to lower the emittance to approximately 1 pi mm-mrad for 1 nC beams with optimal accelerator settings. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Schmerge, JF (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 15 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3084-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3614 BP 22 EP 32 DI 10.1117/12.352669 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN68P UT WOS:000082585800003 ER PT S AU Lumpkin, AH AF Lumpkin, AH BE Bennett, HE Dowell, DH TI Overview of bunch length measurements SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges II CY JAN 26-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE particle and photon beams; bunch length; streak camera; frequency and time domain; coherent radiation; overview ID COHERENT TRANSITION RADIATION; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; STREAK CAMERA; ELECTRON-BEAM; DIAGNOSTICS; DIFFRACTION; MILLIMETER AB An overview of particle and photon beam bunch length measurements is presented in the context of free-electron laser (FEL) challenges. Particle-beam peak current is a critical factor in obtaining adequate FEL gain for both oscillators and self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) devices. Since measurement of charge is a standard measurement, the bunch length becomes the key issue for ultrashort bunches. Both time-domain and frequency-domain techniques are presented in the context of using electromagnetic radiation over eight orders of magnitude in wavelength. In addition, the measurement of microbunching in a micropulse is addressed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3084-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3614 BP 44 EP 52 DI 10.1117/12.352670 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN68P UT WOS:000082585800005 ER PT S AU Zholents, A Rimmer, R Walter, O Wan, W Zolotorev, M AF Zholents, A Rimmer, R Walter, O Wan, W Zolotorev, M BE Bennett, HE Dowell, DH TI FEL design for power beaming SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges II CY JAN 26-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE free-electron laser; regenerative amplifier; power beaming; satellite; RF photocathode; bunch compressor AB We are reporting on the current design status of the 200 kW average power FEL at a 0.84 micron wavelength for power beaming of satellites. The project includes a cw RF photocathode gun injector, a cw linear accelerator, achromatic beam transport lines and an FEL amplifier. Problems that are specific to our design are considered. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zholents, A (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3084-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3614 BP 72 EP 84 DI 10.1117/12.352653 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN68P UT WOS:000082585800008 ER PT S AU Milton, SV Arnold, ND Benson, C Berg, S Berg, W Biedron, SG Chae, YC Crosbie, EA Decker, G Deriy, B Dejus, RJ Den Hartog, P Dortwegt, R Edrmann, M Huang, Z Friedsam, H Freund, HP Galayda, JN Gluskin, E Goeppner, GA Grelick, A Jones, J Kang, Y Kim, KJ Kim, S Kinoshita, K Lill, R Lewellen, JW Lumpkin, AH Markovich, GM Makarov, O Moog, ER Nassiri, A Ogurtsov, V Pasky, S Power, J Tieman, B Trakhtenberg, E Travish, G Vasserman, I Vinokurov, N Walters, DR Wang, J Wang, XJ Yang, B Xu, S AF Milton, SV Arnold, ND Benson, C Berg, S Berg, W Biedron, SG Chae, YC Crosbie, EA Decker, G Deriy, B Dejus, RJ Den Hartog, P Dortwegt, R Edrmann, M Huang, Z Friedsam, H Freund, HP Galayda, JN Gluskin, E Goeppner, GA Grelick, A Jones, J Kang, Y Kim, KJ Kim, S Kinoshita, K Lill, R Lewellen, JW Lumpkin, AH Markovich, GM Makarov, O Moog, ER Nassiri, A Ogurtsov, V Pasky, S Power, J Tieman, B Trakhtenberg, E Travish, G Vasserman, I Vinokurov, N Walters, DR Wang, J Wang, XJ Yang, B Xu, S BE Bennett, HE Dowell, DH TI The FEL development at the advanced photon source SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges II CY JAN 26-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE Advanced Photon Source; APS; free-electron laser; FEL; self-amplified spontaneous emission; SASE; injector; linac; undulator; diagnostics AB Construction of a single-pass free-electron laser (FEL) based on the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) mode of operation is nearing completion at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) with initial experiments imminent. The APS SASE FEL is a proof-of-principle fourth-generation light source. As of January 1999 the undulator hall, end-station building, necessary transfer lines, electron and optical diagnostics, injectors, and initial undulators have been constructed and, with the exception of the undulators, installed. All preliminary code development and simulations have also been completed. The undulator hall is now ready to accept first beam for characterization of the output radiation. It is the project goal to push towards full FEL saturation, initially in the visible, but ultimately to UV and VUV, wavelengths. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Milton, SV (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM milton@aps.anl.gov RI Travish, Gil/H-4937-2011 OI Travish, Gil/0000-0002-4787-0949 NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3084-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3614 BP 86 EP 95 DI 10.1117/12.352654 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN68P UT WOS:000082585800009 ER PT S AU Biedron, SG Freund, HP Milton, SV AF Biedron, SG Freund, HP Milton, SV BE Bennett, HE Dowell, DH TI Development of a 3D FEL code for the simulation of a high-gain harmonic generation experiment SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges II CY JAN 26-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE FEL; free-electron laser; SASE; self-amplified spontaneous emission; MEDUSA; numerical simulation; APS SASE FEL; high-gain harmonic generation ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; RADIATION AB Over the last few years, there has been a growing interest in self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) free-electron lasers (FELs) as a means for achieving a fourth-generation light source. In order to correctly and easily simulate the many configurations that have been suggested, such as multi-segmented wigglers and the method of high-gain harmonic generation, we have developed a robust three-dimensional code. The specifics of the code, the comparison to the linear theory as well as future plans will be presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Biedron, SG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3084-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3614 BP 96 EP 108 DI 10.1117/12.352655 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN68P UT WOS:000082585800010 ER PT S AU Cornacchia, M AF Cornacchia, M BE Bennett, HE Dowell, DH TI The LCLS x-ray FEL at SLAC SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges II CY JAN 26-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE free-electron laser; particle accelerator; light source; synchrotron radiation ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; HIGH-GAIN; HIGH-POWER; FLUCTUATIONS; RADIATION; DESIGN AB The design status and R&D plan of a 1.5 Angstrom SASE-FEL at SLAG called the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), are described. The LCLS utilizes one third of the SLAG linac for the acceleration of electrons to about 15 GeV. The FEL radiation is produced in a long undulator and is directed to an experimental area for its utilization. The LCLS is designed to produce 300 fsec long radiation pulses at the wavelength of 1.5 Angstrom with 9 GW peak power. This radiation has much higher brightness and coherence, as well as shorter pulses, than present 3(rd) generation sources. It is shown that such leap in performance is now within reach, and is made possible by the advances in the physics and technology of photo-injectors, linear accelerators, insertion devices and free-electron lasers. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Cornacchia, M (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, MS16, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3084-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3614 BP 109 EP 118 DI 10.1117/12.352656 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN68P UT WOS:000082585800011 ER PT S AU Nuhn, HD AF Nuhn, HD BE Bennett, HE Dowell, DH TI Overview of SASE free-electron laser simulation codes SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges II CY JAN 26-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE SASE; FEL; computer; simulation ID AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION; HIGH-GAIN; FLUCTUATIONS; WAVELENGTHS; MILLIMETER; RADIATION; WIGGLERS AB The concept of Free Electron Lasers (FEL) based on the principal of Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) was established more than a decade ago. The pace of R&D efforts towards using the concept for 4th Generation Radiation Facilities has been picking up as SASE experiments at optical and infrared wavelengths are being conducted and SASE projects at x-ray wavelengths are under construction or are expecting funding in the foreseeable future. Computer simulation codes are essential tools for a meaningful design of an FEL project. During the 1980s a number of codes had been written, suitable for simulating the SASE process. These codes have been used for the designs of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and TESLA Test Facility (TTF) projects as well as for a number of long-wavelengths experiments. Based on experience gained, existing codes are being improved and new codes are under development to study additional aspects of the FEL design. This paper compares SASE FEL codes that are presently available by focussing on aspects such as time dependence, separated function focussing, field errors, undulator module separations, wakefield treatment, computer platforms, code availability, post-processors and others. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Nuhn, HD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 67 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3084-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3614 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.1117/12.352658 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN68P UT WOS:000082585800012 ER PT B AU Kim, KJ AF Kim, KJ BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI The equation of motion of an electron: a debate in classical and quantum physics SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC AB The current status of understanding of the equation of motion of an electron is summarized. Classically, a consistent, linearized theory exists for an electron of finite extent, as long as the size of the electron is larger than the classical electron radius. Nonrelativistic quantum mechanics seems to offer a fine theory even in the point-particle limit. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kim, KJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800001 ER PT B AU Benson, S Biallas, G Bohn, C Douglas, D Dylla, HF Evans, R Fugitt, J Hill, R Jordan, K Krafft, G Legg, R Li, R Merminga, L Neil, GR Oepts, D Piot, P Preble, J Shinn, M Siggins, T Walker, R Yunn, B AF Benson, S Biallas, G Bohn, C Douglas, D Dylla, HF Evans, R Fugitt, J Hill, R Jordan, K Krafft, G Legg, R Li, R Merminga, L Neil, GR Oepts, D Piot, P Preble, J Shinn, M Siggins, T Walker, R Yunn, B BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI First lasing of the Jefferson Lab IR Demo FEL SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC DE lasing; free-electron laser; recirculation AB As reported in previous work (Neil, Proceedings of the 1998 European Particle Accelerator Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, 1998, p. 85; Shinn, in: Free-Electron Laser Challenges, Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 2988, 1997, p. 170), Jefferson Lab is building a free-electron laser capable of generating a continuous wave kilowatt laser beam. The driver-accelerator consists of a superconducting, energy-recovery accelerator. The initial stage of the program was to produce over 100 W of average power with no recirculation. In order to provide maximum gain the initial wavelength was chosen to be 5 mu m and the initial beam energy was chosen to be 38.5 MeV. On June 17, 1998, the laser produced 155 W cw power at the laser output with a 98% reflective output coupler. On July 28th, 311 W cw power was obtained using a 90% reflective output coupler. A summary of the commissioning activities to date as well as some novel lasing results will be summarized in this paper. Present work is concentrated on optimizing lasing at 5 mu m, obtaining lasing at 3 mu m, and commissioning the recirculation transport in preparation for kilowatt lasing this fall. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Benson, S (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 27 EP 32 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800006 ER PT B AU Merminga, L Alexeev, P Benson, S Bolshakov, A Doolittle, L Neil, G AF Merminga, L Alexeev, P Benson, S Bolshakov, A Doolittle, L Neil, G BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI Analysis of the FEL-RF interaction in recirculating, energy-recovering linacs with an FEL SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC DE FEL-RF interactions; beam-cavity interaction; electron-photon beam interaction AB Recirculating, energy-recovering linacs can be used as driver accelerators for high power FELs, Instabilities which arise from fluctuations of the cavity fields are investigated. Energy changes can cause beam loss on apertures, phase oscillations and optical cavity detuning. These effects in turn cause changes in the laser output power through a time-varying FEL gain function. All three effects change the beam-induced voltage in the cavities and can lead to unstable variations of the accelerating field and output laser power. We have developed a model of the coupled system and solved it both analytically and numerically. It includes the beam-cavity interaction, low level RF feedback, and the electron-photon interaction. The latter includes the FEL gain function in terms of cavity detuning, energy offset, and is valid both in the small signal gain and in the saturated regimes. We have demonstrated that in the limit of small perturbations, the linear theory agrees with the numerical solutions and have performed numerical simulations for the IR FEL presently being commissioned at Jefferson Lab. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Merminga, L (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, MS 58,12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 58 EP 64 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800012 ER PT B AU Taccetti, JM Jackson, RH Freund, HP Pershing, DE Granatstein, VL AF Taccetti, JM Jackson, RH Freund, HP Pershing, DE Granatstein, VL BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI A Ka-band CHI-wiggler free-electron maser: experimental results SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC DE coaxial; wiggler; microwaves; free-electron maser; small-period wigglers AB Due to the nature of the Coaxial Hybrid Iron wiggler, a resonance between the transverse wiggler and cyclotron motions of the beam exists which can enhance the Free-Electron Maser interaction. The difference in behavior on either side of this resonance is presented. Amplification with a bandwidth on the order of a few percent was achieved. In spite of beam propagation problems, the gain was about 5 dB for operation below gyroresonance, and 7 dB above it, when wideband grazing intersection operation was achieved. A gain as high as 13.5 dB was obtained for cutting intersection between the beam line and the TE01 dispersion curve. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Taccetti, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 116 EP 120 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800022 ER PT B AU Nguyen, DC Sheffield, RL Fortgang, CM Goldstein, JC Kinross-Wright, JM Ebrahim, NA AF Nguyen, DC Sheffield, RL Fortgang, CM Goldstein, JC Kinross-Wright, JM Ebrahim, NA BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI First lasing of the regenerative amplifier FEL SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC DE regenerative amplifier; high-gain; SASE; high power; RF-linac FEL; Cs2Te; photocathode ID AVERAGE-POWER FEL AB The regenerative amplifier free-electron laser (RAFEL) is a high-gain RF-linac FEL capable of producing high optical power from a compact design. The combination of a high-gain and small optical feedback enables the FEL to reach saturation and produce a high optical power and high extraction efficiency without the risk of optical damage to the mirrors. This paper summarizes the first lasing of the regenerative amplifier FEL and describes recent experimental results. The highest optical energy achieved thus far at 16.3 mu m is 1.7 J over a train of 900 micropulses. We infer pulse energy of 1.9 mJ in each 16 ps micropulse, corresponding to a peak power of 120 MW. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nguyen, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS H851, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 125 EP 130 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800024 ER PT B AU Yu, LH AF Yu, LH BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI Power spectrum calculation for the Cornell Wiggler A SASE experiment at BNL SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC DE power spectrum; simulation code; SASE; coupling coefficient ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; OUTPUT POWER; SIMULATION AB Recently, we showed (Yu, Phys. Rev. E 58 (1998) 4991) that the widely used simulation code TDA3D, even though a single-frequency code, can be used to determine the power spectrum in the SASE process with excellent approximation in the exponential growth regime. In this paper, we apply this method to the BNL Cornell Wiggler A SASE experiment as an example. When the gain is not very high, there are many modes in the radiation, which seems to make the analytical calculation very difficult. However, we show that the increment of the radiation due to SASE over the spontaneous radiation can be expanded in terms of guided modes with rapid convergence. Thus when the spontaneous radiation is subtracted from the SASE power during the calculation, there is a good agreement between the analytical theory and the numerical simulation. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yu, LH (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 213 EP 218 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800039 ER PT B AU Dejus, RJ Shevchenko, OA Vinokurov, NA AF Dejus, RJ Shevchenko, OA Vinokurov, NA BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI An integral equation based computer code for high-gain free-electron lasers SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC DE free-electron laser; simulation C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Dejus, RJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 225 EP 228 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800041 ER PT B AU Nuhn, HD AF Nuhn, HD BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI FEL simulations for the LCLS SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC DE FEL simulations; LCLS; GINGER ID FREE-ELECTRON LASERS AB A first design study report has recently been completed (The LCLS Design Study Group, LCLS Design Study Report, April 1998, SLAC-R-521) for the linac coherent light source (LCLS), a proposal to build an X-ray free electron laser (FEL) at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) as a single pass self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) amplifier. The proposal includes the use of a very low emittance electron beam accelerated up to 15 GeV by the last third of the SLAG linac to produce sub-picosecond X-ray pulses with high brightness and full transverse coherence in a 112-m long undulator. Many aspects of the FEL design have been analyzed with FEL simulation codes. The paper discusses some of the results of these aspects, i.e. temporal X-ray pulse structure and power spectrum, trajectory errors and effects of undulator beam tube wakefields. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Nuhn, HD (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 249 EP 256 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800046 ER PT B AU Lumpkin, AH Yang, BX AF Lumpkin, AH Yang, BX BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI Potential diagnostics for the next-generation light sources SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC DE diagnostics; SASE; FEL; spatial resolution; X-ray streak camera; undulator AB There is continued interest in developing a diffraction-limited soft or hard X-ray source. Candidate paths include the storage-ring-based free-electron laser (FEL) and the linac-based self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) FEL for the two regimes, respectively. As previously discussed, target beam parameters are sigma(x,y) similar to 10 mu m, sigma(x',y') = 1 mu rad, and sigma(t) similar to 1 ps (0.1 ps for the linac case). We report the use of few- to sub-angstrom radiation emitted by a 7-GeV beam transitting a 198-period diagnostics undulator and a bending magnet to characterize the particle beam. A particle beam divergence as low as sigma(y') = 3.3 mu rad was measured using an X-ray monochromator. Additionally, a particle beam size of sigma(y) < 45 mu m and a bunch length of sigma(t) = 28 ps with 4-ps resolution were measured using an X-ray pinhole camera with a unique synchroscan and dual-sweep X-ray streak camera as the detector. The adjustable pinhole aperture was varied by more than a factor of 100 to assess spatial resolution and dynamic range issues in the system. These diagnostics demonstrations should scale to next-generation applications. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 293 EP 298 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800053 ER PT B AU Li, R AF Li, R BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI Self-consistent simulation of the CSR effect on beam emittance SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC DE microbunch; curved trajectory; space-charge forces AB When a microbunch with high charge traverses a curved trajectory, the curvature-induced Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR) and space-charge forces may cause serious emittance degradation. Earlier analyses based on rigid-line charge model are helpful in understanding the mechanism of this curvature-induced bunch self-interaction. In reality, however, the bunch has finite transverse size and its dynamics respond to the CSR force. In this paper, we present the first self-consistent simulation for the study of the impact of CSR on beam optics. With the bunch represented by a set of macroparticles, the dynamics of the bunch under the influence of the CSR force are simulated, where the CSR force in turn depends on the history of bunch charge distribution and current density in accordance to causality. This simulation is bench-marked with previous analytical results for a rigid-line bunch. The algorithm applied in the simulation will be presented, along with the simulation results obtained for bending systems in the Jefferson Lab FEL lattice. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Li, R (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 310 EP 314 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800056 ER PT B AU Alley, R Bharadwaj, V Clendenin, J Emma, P Fisher, A Frisch, J Kotseroglou, T Miller, RH Palmer, DT Schmerge, J Sheppard, JC Woodley, M Yeremian, AD Rosenzweig, J Meyerhofer, DD Serafini, L AF Alley, R Bharadwaj, V Clendenin, J Emma, P Fisher, A Frisch, J Kotseroglou, T Miller, RH Palmer, DT Schmerge, J Sheppard, JC Woodley, M Yeremian, AD Rosenzweig, J Meyerhofer, DD Serafini, L BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI The design for the LCLS RF photoinjector SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC DE RF photoinjector; Linac Coherent Light Source ID PULSES; GUN AB We report on the design of the RF photoinjector of the Linac Coherent Light Source. The RF photoinjector is required to produce a single 150 MeV bunch of similar to 1 nC and similar to 100 A peak current at a repetition rate of 120 I-It with a normalized rms transverse emittance of similar to 1 pi mm-mrad. The design employs a 1.6-cell S-band RF gun with an optical spot size at the cathode of a radius of similar to 1 mm and a pulse duration with an rms sigma of similar to 3 ps. The peak RF field at the cathode is 150 MV/m with extraction 57 degrees ahead of the RF peak. A solenoidal field near the cathode allows the compensation of the initial emittance growth by the end of the injection linac. Spatial and temporal shaping of the laser pulse striking the cathode will reduce the compensated emittance even further. Also, to minimize the contribution of the thermal emittance from the cathode surface, while at the same time optimizing the quantum efficiency, the laser wavelength for a Cu cathode should be tunable around 260 nm. Following the injection linac the geometric emittance simply damps linearly with energy growth. PARMELA simulations show that this design will produce the desired normalized emittance, which is about a factor of two lower than has been achieved to date in other systems. In addition to low emittance, we also aim for laser amplitude stability of 1% in the UV and a timing jitter in the electron beam of 0.5 ps rms, which will lead to less than 10% beam intensity fluctuation after the electron bunch is compressed in the main linac. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Kotseroglou, T (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 324 EP 331 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800059 ER PT B AU Lumpkin, AH Yang, BX Berg, WJ White, M Lewellen, JW Milton, SV AF Lumpkin, AH Yang, BX Berg, WJ White, M Lewellen, JW Milton, SV BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI Optical techniques for electron-beam characterizations on the APS SASE FEL project SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC DE APS; OTR; YAG crystal; RF thermionic gun; beam size; bunch length AB At the Advanced Photon Source (APS) the injector linac's DC thermionic gun is being supplemented by a low-emittance RF thermionic gun that will support the SASE FEL project. To address the anticipated smaller beam sizes, the standard Chromox beam-profiling screens are being complemented by optical transition radiation (OTR) and Ce-doped YAG single-crystal converters. Direct comparisons of the effective conversion efficiency, spatial resolution, and time response of the three converter screen types have been performed using the DC thermionic gun's beam accelerated to 400-650 MeV. An apparent blurring of observed beam size with increasing incident charge areal density in the YAG crystal was observed for the first time. Only the OTR was prompt enough for the few-ps domain micropulse bunch length measurements performed with a streak camera. Initial beam images of the RF-thermionic gun beam have also been obtained. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 336 EP 340 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800061 ER PT B AU Gluskin, E Benson, C Dejus, RJ Den Hartog, PK Deriy, BN Makarov, OA Milton, SV Moog, ER Ogurtsov, VI Trakhtenberg, EM Robinson, KE Vasserman, IB Vinokurov, NA Xu, S AF Gluskin, E Benson, C Dejus, RJ Den Hartog, PK Deriy, BN Makarov, OA Milton, SV Moog, ER Ogurtsov, VI Trakhtenberg, EM Robinson, KE Vasserman, IB Vinokurov, NA Xu, S BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI The magnetic and diagnostics systems for the Advanced Photon Source self-amplified spontaneously emitting FEL SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC DE free-electron laser ID UNDULATOR AB A self-amplified spontaneously emitting (SASE) free-electron laser (FEL) for the visible-to-ultraviolet spectral range is under construction at the Advanced Photon Sourer at Argonne National Laboratory. The amplifier part of the FEL consists of twelve identical 2.7-m-long sections. Each section includes a 2.4-m-long, 33-mm-period hybrid undulator, a quadrupole lens, and a set of electron beam and radiation diagnostics equipment. The undulators will operate at a fixed magnetic gap (approx. 9.3 mm) with K = 3.1. The electron beam position will be monitored using capacitive beam position monitors, YAG scintillators with imaging optics, and secondary emission detectors. The spatial distribution of the photon beam will be monitored by position sensitive detectors equipped with narrow-band filters. A high-resolution spectrograph will be used to observe the spectral distribution of the FEL radiation. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Moog, ER (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, XFD-401,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 358 EP 364 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800065 ER PT B AU Tatchyn, R Arthur, J Boyce, R Fasso, A Montgomery, J Vylet, V Walz, D Yotam, R Freund, AK Howells, M AF Tatchyn, R Arthur, J Boyce, R Fasso, A Montgomery, J Vylet, V Walz, D Yotam, R Freund, AK Howells, M BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI X-ray optics design studies for the SLAC 1.5-15 angstrom Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC DE X-ray optics design studies; Linac Coherent Light Source; SASE; XRFEL ID FREE-ELECTRON LASERS; CRYSTALS; RADIATION; BEAMS AB In recent years, a number of systematic studies have been carried out on the design and R&D aspects of X-ray free-electron laser (XRFEL) schemes based on driving highly compressed electron bunches from a multi-GeV linac through long (30 m - 100 + m) undulators. These sources, when operated in the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) mode, feature singularly high peak output power densities and frequently unprecedented combinations of phase-space and output-parameter values. This has led to correspondingly pivotal design challenges and opportunities for the optical materials, systems, components, and experimental configurations for transporting and utilizing this radiation. In this paper we summarize the design and R&D status of the X-ray optics section of the SLAG Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), a 1.5 Angstrom SASE FEL driven by the last kilometer of the SLAG 3-kilometer S-band linac. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Tatchyn, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 397 EP 406 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800071 ER PT B AU Emma, P Carr, R Nuhn, HD AF Emma, P Carr, R Nuhn, HD BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI Beam-based alignment for the LCLS FEL undulator SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC AB The linac coherent light source (LCLS) (LCLS Design Study Report, SLAC-R-521, 1998) is an X-ray FEL based on a long, permanent magnet undulator comprised of multiple segments which provide space for electron beam position monitors (BPMs) and quadrupole focusing magnets. The 15 GeV electron trajectory within the undulator must be straight to similar to 5 mu m over a gain length of 11 m so that the photon beam overlaps efficiently with the electron beam. This alignment precision is not achievable with available mechanical survey methods. For this reason, an empirical beam-based alignment technique is developed that uses BPM readings in conjuntion with large, deliberate variations in the electron energy. We describe here a detailed alignment simulation including BPM and magnet-mover calibration errors, quadrupole gradient errors, and dipole field errors which demonstrate that the alignment can be achieved with high confidence. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Emma, P (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 407 EP 413 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800072 ER PT B AU Tatchyn, R AF Tatchyn, R BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI Principles of high-contrast energy modulation and microbunching of electron beams SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC DE microbunching; high-contrast modulation; free electron lasers; relativistic interferometry ID LASER AB Recent advancements in ultra-short-pulse terawatt IR/visible/UV laser technology have made it possible to consider particle-beam energy modulation schemes in which the practical field amplitudes of the laser and undulator fields in an ultrarelativistic electron bunch's average rest frame can attain comparable magnitudes. This parameter regime, well outside the radiation field strengths attainable by conventional free electron lasers, makes possible the exploitation of "relativistic interferometry", viz., the phenomenon of high-contrast interference, to isolate regions in the longitudinal space of an electron bunch on the order of one laser wavelength. In this paper we review selected requirements on the laser and undulator fields to generate highly efficient microbunching followed by coherent radiation at a substantially reduced wavelength. Conditions on the electron beam quality, as well as selected possibilities for new modes of operation, are summarized. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Tatchyn, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP 462 EP 470 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800082 ER PT B AU Bohn, CL AF Bohn, CL CA Jefferson Lab FEL Team BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI Performance of the accelerator driver of Jefferson laboratory's free-electron laser SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC AB The driver for Jefferson Lab's infrared free-electron laser is a superconducting, recirculating accelerator that recovers about 75% of the electron-beam energy and converts it to radiofrequency power. It is designed to lase continuous-wave at 3-6 mu m at kW-level power. In achieving first light, the accelerator operated "straight-ahead" to deliver 38 MeV, 1.1 mA cw current through the wiggler for lasing at wavelengths in the vicinity of 5 mu m. The waste beam was then sent directly to a dump, bypassing the recirculation loop. Stable operation at power levels up to 311 W cw have thus far been achieved in this mode. The accelerator has recently recirculated up to 0.6 mA cw current with energy recovery. In this mode it has lased pulsed and cw at low power. It remains to clean up the transport for high-power cw lasing. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Bohn, CL (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP II43 EP II44 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800110 ER PT B AU Carr, R Ben-Zvi, I Bertolini, L Cornacchia, M Emma, P Frigola, P Johnson, E Libkind, M Lidia, S Nuhn, HD Pellegrini, C Rakowsky, G Rosenzweig, J Ruland, R AF Carr, R Ben-Zvi, I Bertolini, L Cornacchia, M Emma, P Frigola, P Johnson, E Libkind, M Lidia, S Nuhn, HD Pellegrini, C Rakowsky, G Rosenzweig, J Ruland, R BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI The VISA FEL undulator SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC ID MAGNET C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Carr, R (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP II79 EP II80 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800127 ER PT B AU Carr, R AF Carr, R BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI The LCLS FEL undulator SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Carr, R (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP II77 EP II78 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800126 ER PT B AU Carr, R Hettel, R Martin, D Field, C AF Carr, R Hettel, R Martin, D Field, C BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI Beam position monitors for the Linear Coherent Light Source SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Carr, R (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP II51 EP II52 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800114 ER PT B AU Chae, YC AF Chae, YC BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI Numerical study of the 3-D effect on FEL performance and its application to the APS LEUTL FEL SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC ID SIMULATION C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chae, YC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP II39 EP II40 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800108 ER PT B AU Emma, P Nuhn, HD AF Emma, P Nuhn, HD BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI FEL trajectory analysis for the VISA experiment SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Emma, P (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP II35 EP II36 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800106 ER PT B AU Oepts, D Benson, SV Neil, GR Shinn, MD AF Oepts, D Benson, SV Neil, GR Shinn, MD BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI Initial optical measurements on the IR demo SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC AB The initial measurements from lasing of the IR Demo laser are presented. Early operation was around 5 microns. Both pulsed and CW operation were achieved. Spectra at various detunings and outcouplings are shown. Up to 311 Watts of CW power was produced. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Oepts, D (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP II29 EP II30 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800103 ER PT B AU Stupakov, GV AF Stupakov, GV BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI Small-angle approximation for the impedance due to wall surface roughness SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Stupakov, GV (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP II57 EP II58 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800117 ER PT B AU Tatchyn, R AF Tatchyn, R BE Neil, GR Benson, SV TI Field performance studies of a split-shunt-plate scheme for strong-field LCLS undulator tapering SO FREE ELECTRON LASERS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Free Electron Laser Conference/5th FEL User Workshop CY AUG 16-22, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP Duke Univ, US DOE, Nucl Phys Res Lab, Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Jefferson Lab, Dupont, USN, Off Res, SNC, SAIC AB In recent years, design studies at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) have advanced and demonstrated the feasibility of using simple hybrid/permanent magnet (PM) configurations consisting of cuboid permeable and PM pieces for attaining the high fundamental field amplitudes necessary for Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) applications. Included in this work were recent field studies of a gap-variable scheme for shunt-plate tuning of the hybrid/PM field structure, which revealed a desirable range of sensitivity of the fundamental field strength to an easily-prepared range of shunt plate parameters. In this paper we explore an alternative variation of the initial shunt plate configuration that may offer mechanical advantages for implementation and operation. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Tatchyn, R (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-50248-3 PY 1999 BP II75 EP II76 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Nuclear SC Optics; Physics GA BP18G UT WOS:000084339800125 ER PT J AU Goto, JJ Roe, JA Gralla, EB Cabelli, DE Valentine, JS AF Goto, JJ Roe, JA Gralla, EB Cabelli, DE Valentine, JS TI Loss of metal ion binding specificity in mutant CuZnSOD associated with FALS SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Loyola Marymount Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Valentine, Joan/B-6665-2008 OI Valentine, Joan/0000-0002-7174-925X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1999 VL 27 SU 1 MA 22 BP S20 EP S20 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(99)90558-0 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 254EL UT WOS:000083598900048 ER PT J AU Sen, CK Tirosh, O Roy, S Khanna, S Packer, L Berkeley, L AF Sen, CK Tirosh, O Roy, S Khanna, S Packer, L Berkeley, L TI Intracellular events in glutamate induced death of HT4 neuronal cells SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Kuopio, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. RI Sen, Chandan/A-8762-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1999 VL 27 SU 1 MA 186 BP S66 EP S66 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 254EL UT WOS:000083598900210 ER PT J AU Sen, CK Atalay, M Khanna, S Vider, L Roy, S Haanninen, O AF Sen, CK Atalay, M Khanna, S Vider, L Roy, S Haanninen, O TI Tissue glutathione and thioredoxin following lipoic acid supplementation SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Kuopio, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RI Sen, Chandan/A-8762-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1999 VL 27 SU 1 MA 107 BP S43 EP S43 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 254EL UT WOS:000083598900132 ER PT S AU Hughes, RJ Buttler, WT Kwiat, PG Lamoreaux, SK Luther, GG Morgan, GL Nordholt, JE Peterson, CG AF Hughes, RJ Buttler, WT Kwiat, PG Lamoreaux, SK Luther, GG Morgan, GL Nordholt, JE Peterson, CG BE Mecherle, GS TI Quantum cryptography for secure free-space communications SO FREE-SPACE LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication Technologies XI CY JAN 26-27, 1999 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE DE cryptography; optical communications; quantum information ID KEY DISTRIBUTION; OPTICAL-FIBER; LONG AB The secure distribution of the secret random bit sequences known as "key" material, is an essential precursor to their use for the encryption and decryption of confidential communications. Quantum cryptography is a new technique for secure key distribution with single-photon transmissions: Heisenberg's uncertainty principle ensures that an adversary can neither successfully tap the key transmissions, nor evade detection (eavesdropping raises the key error rate above a threshold value). We have developed experimental quantum cryptography systems based on the transmission of non-orthogonal photon polarization states to generate shared key material over line-of-sight optical links, Key material is built up using the transmission of a single-photon per bit of an initial secret random sequence. A quantum-mechanically random subset of this sequence is identified, becoming the key material after a data reconciliation stage with the sender. We have developed and tested a free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) system over an outdoor optical path of similar to 1 km at Los Alamos National Laboratory under nighttime conditions. Results show that free-space QKD can provide secure real-time key distribution between parties who have a need to communicate secretly. Finally, we examine the feasibility of surface to satellite QKD. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hughes@lanl.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3085-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3615 BP 98 EP 103 DI 10.1117/12.346170 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BN04H UT WOS:000080481500010 ER PT B AU Hoisie, A Lubeck, O Wasserman, H AF Hoisie, A Lubeck, O Wasserman, H GP IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC TI Scalability analysis of multidimensional wavefront algorithms on large-scale SMP clusters SO FRONTIERS '99 - THE SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM ON THE FRONTIERS OF MASSIVELY PARALLEL COMPUTATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on the Frontiers of Massively Parallel Computation (Frontiers 99) CY FEB 21-25, 1999 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, USRA, CESDIS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr AB We develop a model for the parallel performance of algorithms that consist of concurrent, two-dimensional wavefronts implemented in a message passing environment The model combines the separate contributions of computation and communication wavefronts. We validate the model on three supercomputer systems, with lip to 500 processors, using data from an ASCI deterministic particle transport application, although the model is general to any wavefront algorithm implemented on a 2-D processor domain. We also use the model to make estimates of performance and scalability of wave-front algorithms on 100-TFLOPS computer systems expected to be in existence within the next decade. Our model shows that on a I-billion-cell problem, single-node computation speed (not inter-processor communication performance, as is widely believed) is the bottleneck. Finally, we present preliminary considerations that reveal the additional complexity associated with modeling wavefront algorithms on reduced-connectivity network topologies, such as clusters of SMPs. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci Comp Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci Comp Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hoisie@lanl.gov; oml@lanl.gov; hjw@lanl.gov NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0087-0 PY 1999 BP 4 EP 15 DI 10.1109/FMPC.1999.750452 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BM59P UT WOS:000079197000001 ER PT B AU Thakur, R Gropp, W Lusk, E AF Thakur, R Gropp, W Lusk, E GP IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC TI Data sieving and collective I/O in ROMIO SO FRONTIERS '99 - THE SEVENTH SYMPOSIUM ON THE FRONTIERS OF MASSIVELY PARALLEL COMPUTATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on the Frontiers of Massively Parallel Computation (Frontiers 99) CY FEB 21-25, 1999 CL ANNAPOLIS, MD SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Architecture, USRA, CESDIS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr ID PARALLEL AB The I/O access patterns of parallel programs often consist of accesses to a large number of small, noncontiguous pieces of data. If an application's I/O needs are met by making many small, distinct I/O requests, however the I/O performance degrades drastically. To avoid this problem, MPI-IO allows users to access a noncontiguous data set with a single I/O function call. This feature provides MPI-IO implementations an opportunity to optimize data access. We describe how our MPI-IO implementation, ROMIO, delivers high performance in the presence of noncontiguous requests. We explain in detail the two key optimizations ROMIO performs: data sieving for noncontiguous requests from one process and collective I/O for noncontiguous requests from multiple processes. We describe how one can implement these optimizations portably on multiple machines and file systems, control their memory requirements, and also achieve high performance. We demonstrate the performance and portability with performance results for three applications-an astrophysics-application template (DIST3D), the NAS BTIO benchmark, and an unstructured code (UNSTRUC)-on five different parallel machines: HP Exemplar IBM SP Intel Paragon, NEC SX-4, and SGI Origin2000. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Thakur, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM thakur@mcs.anl.gov; gropp@mcs.anl.gov; lusk@mcs.anl.gov NR 15 TC 144 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-7695-0087-0 PY 1999 BP 182 EP 189 DI 10.1109/FMPC.1999.750599 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BM59P UT WOS:000079197000021 ER PT J AU Mahajan, D Vijayaraghavan, P AF Mahajan, D Vijayaraghavan, P TI Selective synthesis of mixed alcohols catalyzed by dissolved base-activated highly dispersed slurried iron SO FUEL LA English DT Article DE mixed alcohols; slurry-phase catalysis; highly dispersed Fe ID FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS; CO HYDROGENATION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES AB An ultrafine Fe metal-based catalyst system that operates in a heterogeneous/homogeneous combination mode to selectively produce mixed (C-1-C-4) alcohols from syngas is described. The Fe particles were generated via complete decomposition of Fe(CO)(5) in Ethylflo-164 hydrocarbon solvent at 225 degrees C under N-2 in under 2 h. The resulting Fe particles, though somewhat aggregated, averaged < 30 nm in mean particle diameter as determined by transmission electron microscopy. On mixing this highly dispersed Fe slurry (0.3-0.8 wt% Fe loading) with a strong base (0.4-0.8 M potassium alkoxide or potassium hydroxide) dissolved in an oxygenated solvent, CO was hydrogenated at less than or equal to 250 degrees C and < 6 MPa to selectively (up to 95%) yield C-1-C-4 alcohols over traditional hydrocarbons. Mossbauer measurements on quenched catalyst samples indicated that metallic and carbided Fe species (48% Fe, 38% gamma-Fe5C2, 14% Fe3O4) predominated in the hydrocarbon product-selective catalytic reaction, and fully oxidized Fe species (45% Fe2SiO4, 24% FeCO3, 22% Fe2O3, 9% Fe3O4) were observed under catalytic conditions that predominantly yielded oxygenates. The implication of utilizing an inexpensive Fe-based catalytic system consisting of a slurried Fe (heterogeneous) and dissolved base (homogeneous) that effects CO hydrogenation to preferentially yield C-1-C-4 mixed alcohols is discussed in relation to traditional base-doped Fe catalysts. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mahajan, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Bldg 815, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM dmahajan@bnl.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0016-2361 J9 FUEL JI Fuel PD JAN PY 1999 VL 78 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1016/S0016-2361(98)00118-5 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 157CL UT WOS:000078041800011 ER PT B AU Fry, RJM AF Fry, RJM BE BaumstarkKhan, C Kozubek, S Horneck, G TI Space radiation. Effects and risks SO FUNDAMENTALS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF RISKS FROM ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SUB-SER 2, ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Fundamentals for the Assessment of Risks from Environmental Radiation CY OCT 06-10, 1997 CL BRNO, CZECH REPUBLIC SP NATO ID STRAND BREAKS; EXPOSURE; IONS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Fry, RJM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5667-5 J9 NATO ASI 2 PY 1999 VL 55 BP 503 EP 512 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Genetics & Heredity SC Biophysics; Genetics & Heredity GA BN32D UT WOS:000081618100066 ER PT J AU Bashore, D Oliaro, G Roney, P Sichta, P Tindall, K AF Bashore, D Oliaro, G Roney, P Sichta, P Tindall, K TI Conceptual design for the NSTX central instrumentation and control system SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Data Acquisition and Management for Fusion Research CY JUL 22-24, 1997 CL GARCHING, GERMANY SP Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys DE national spherical torus experiment; central instrumentation and control system; plasma control system AB The design and construction phase for the national spherical torus experiment (NSTX) is under way at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL). Operation is scheduled to begin on April 30, 1999. This paper describes the conceptual design for the NSTX central instrumentation and control (I&C) system. Major elements of the central I&C system include the process control system, plasma control system, network system, data acquisition system, and synchronization system to support the NSTX experimental device. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Bashore, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 239 EP 245 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00391-3 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 161KQ UT WOS:000078288200002 ER PT J AU McHarg, BB Casper, TA Davis, S Greenwood, D AF McHarg, BB Casper, TA Davis, S Greenwood, D TI Tools for remote collaboration on the DIII-D National Fusion Facility SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Data Acquisition and Management for Fusion Research CY JUL 22-24, 1997 CL GARCHING, GERMANY SP Int Atom Energy Agcy, Vienna, Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys DE tokamak; general atomics; world wide web; distributed computing environment AB The DIII-D National Fusion Facility, a tokamak experiment funded by the US Department of Energy and operated by General Atomics (GA), is an international resource for plasma physics and fusion energy science research. This facility has a long history of collaborations with scientists from a wide variety of laboratories and universities from around the world. That collaboration has mostly been conducted by travel to and participation at the DIII-D site. Many new developments in the computing and technology fields are now facilitating collaboration from remote sites, thus reducing some of the needs to travel to the experiment. Some of these developments include higher speed wide area networks, powerful workstations connected within a distributed computing environment, network based audio/video capabilities, and the use of the world wide web. As the number of collaborators increases, the need for remote tools become important options to efficiently utilize the DIII-D facility. In the last two years a joint study by GA, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has introduced remote collaboration tools into the DIII-D environment and studied their effectiveness. These tools have included the use of audio/video for communication from the DIII-D control room, the broadcast of meetings, use of inter-process communication software to post events to the network during a tokamak shot, the creation of a DCE (distributed computing environment) cell for creating a common collaboratory environment, distributed use of computer cycles, remote data access, and remote display of results. This study also included sociological studies of how scientists in this environment work together as well as apart. As a result of these studies, there is now in place an automated distributed processing environment connected to the real-time experimental operations which can be joined by users at remote locations. This environment will allow further exploration of the technology and sociology of remote participation in the DIII-D program. Having the tools in place has already permitted remote participation in DIII-D experiments that would not have occurred otherwise, and thus the introduction of these tools has shown the initial feasibility of increasing and improving remote collaboration. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP McHarg, BB (reprint author), Gen Atom Co, POB 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 343 EP 355 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(98)00403-7 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 161KQ UT WOS:000078288200014 ER PT J AU Post, RF AF Post, RF TI Mirror-based fusion: Some possible new directions SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Conference on Open Magnetic Systems for Plasma Confinement CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL BUDKER INST NUCL PHYS, NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA SP Int Atom Energy Agcy HO BUDKER INST NUCL PHYS ID SYSTEMS; POWER AB This paper examines some possible areas for the study of new approaches to fusion research, ones that employ magnetic confinement systems based an open-ended field topology and employing the magnetic mirror principle. In the spirit of encouraging a wider look at possibilities, some unconventional approaches are suggested. These approaches, involving long linear systems having ion injectors and direct converters at their ends, attempt to exploit some inherent advantages of open-ended systems for fusion. The results of analysis, calculations and preliminary cost estimates for long linear systems of this type that utilize the magnetic mirror effect to achieve their operating regimes will be presented. The approaches suggested, when examined in greater depth, may not stand the test of time, but they might encourage thinking in new areas. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Post, RF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Mail Stop L-644,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1T BP 40 EP 51 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 155QY UT WOS:000077958900007 ER PT J AU Squire, JP Chang, FR Baity, FW Barber, GC Carter, MD Goulding, RH Sparks, D McCaskill, G Ilin, AV Bengtson, RD Bussell, RG Jacobson, VT Glover, TW AF Squire, JP Chang, FR Baity, FW Barber, GC Carter, MD Goulding, RH Sparks, D McCaskill, G Ilin, AV Bengtson, RD Bussell, RG Jacobson, VT Glover, TW TI Experimental status of the development of a variable specific impulse magnetoplasma rocket SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Conference on Open Magnetic Systems for Plasma Confinement CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL BUDKER INST NUCL PHYS, NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA SP Int Atom Energy Agcy HO BUDKER INST NUCL PHYS ID PLASMA AB The Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory (ASPL) is developing a Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket(VASIMR)(1) using a Radio Frequency (RF) heated magnetic mirror operated asymmetrically. The system comprises of three stages: 1) plasma ionization and injection into the magnetic system; 2) ion heating by action of Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ICRH); 3) plasma exhaust through a magnetic nozzle. The central experimental device is a small versatile tandem mirror configured system. The system can also be easily reconfigured to operate as a simple mirror. The total length of the device is 3.2 m, and the maximum magnetic field is 3.0 T. The exhaust end connects to a 5 m(3) vacuum chamber where we are installing a 40,000 liter/second pumping capacity. Radio frequency power is available at approximately 3 MHz at up to 200 kW. A set of plasma diagnostics is being developed and installed, starting with two fast reciprocating probes, one quadruple Langmuir and one Mach(2). We are now evaluating the use of a helicon(3) RF plasma source for an efficient ionization stage of the system. Initial results from experiments using a single double-half turn antenna are presented. In addition, we are exploring the use of a Lorentz Force Accelerator (LFA) as a plasma injector source.(4). C1 Rice Univ, NASA, JSC, Adv Space Prop Lab, Houston, TX 77059 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Lockheed Martin Space Mission Syst & Serv, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Squire, JP (reprint author), Rice Univ, NASA, JSC, Adv Space Prop Lab, 13000 Space Ctr Blvd, Houston, TX 77059 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1T BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 155QY UT WOS:000077958900042 ER PT J AU Ilin, AV Diaz, FRC Squire, JP Carter, MD AF Ilin, AV Diaz, FRC Squire, JP Carter, MD TI Monte-Carlo particle dynamics in a Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Conference on Open Magnetic Systems for Plasma Confinement CY JUL 27-31, 1998 CL BUDKER INST NUCL PHYS, NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA SP Int Atom Energy Agcy HO BUDKER INST NUCL PHYS AB The self-consistent mathematical model in Variable Specific impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR)(1) is examined. Of particular importance is the effect of a magnetic nozzle in enhancing the axial momentum of the exhaust. Also, different geometries and rocket asymmetries are considered. The magnetic configuration is modeled with an adaptable mesh, which increases accuracy without compromising the speed of the simulation. The single particle trajectories are integrated with an adaptive time-scheme, which can quickly solve extensive Monte-Carlo simulations for systems of hundred thousands of particles in a reasonable time (1-2 hours) and without the need for a powerful supercomputer. C1 Lockheed Martin Space, Mission Syst & Serv, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NASA, JSC, Adv Space Prop Lab, Houston, TX 77059 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ilin, AV (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Space, Mission Syst & Serv, 6700 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 35 IS 1T BP 330 EP 334 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 155QY UT WOS:000077958900060 ER PT S AU Goudfrooij, P Alonso, MV Minniti, D AF Goudfrooij, P Alonso, MV Minniti, D BE Barnes, JE Sanders, DB TI The globular cluster system of NGC 1399 - Optical HST imaging and ESO (ground-based) near-IR imaging SO GALAXY INTERACTIONS AT LOW AND HIGH REDSHIFT SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 186th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Galaxy Interaction at Low and high Redshifts CY AUG 26-30, 1997 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Int Astron Union C1 Space Telescope Sci Inst, European Space Agcy, Dept Space Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Astron Observ, Cordoba, Argentina. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Goudfrooij, P (reprint author), Space Telescope Sci Inst, European Space Agcy, Dept Space Sci, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-5832-5 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1999 IS 186 BP 198 EP 198 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ09W UT WOS:000087175400046 ER PT S AU Trevese, D Bershady, MA Kron, RG AF Trevese, D Bershady, MA Kron, RG BE Barnes, JE Sanders, DB TI A search for extended objects with variable nuclei SO GALAXY INTERACTIONS AT LOW AND HIGH REDSHIFT SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 186th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Galaxy Interaction at Low and high Redshifts CY AUG 26-30, 1997 CL KYOTO, JAPAN SP Int Astron Union C1 Univ Rome La Sapienza, Ist Astron, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Davey Lab 525, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Trevese, D (reprint author), Univ Rome La Sapienza, Ist Astron, Via GM Lancisi 29, I-00161 Rome, Italy. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-5832-5 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1999 IS 186 BP 488 EP 488 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BQ09W UT WOS:000087175400140 ER PT S AU Liliental-Weber, Z AF Liliental-Weber, Z BE Pankove, JI Moustakas, TD TI Defects in bulk GaN and homoepitaxial layers SO GALLIUM NITRIDE (GAN) II SE Semiconductors and Semimetals LA English DT Article ID BEAM ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; THIN-FILMS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; GALLIUM NITRIDE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MICROSCOPY; GROWTH; DISLOCATIONS; MECHANISM C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 BN 0-12-752166-6 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET JI Semicond. Sdemimet. PY 1999 VL 57 BP 129 EP 156 PG 28 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BM68K UT WOS:000079454000003 ER PT J AU Qiu, CH Pankove, JI Rossington, C AF Qiu, CH Pankove, JI Rossington, C TI III-V nitride-based X-ray detectors SO GALLIUM NITRIDE (GAN) II SE SEMICONDUCTORS AND SEMIMETALS LA English DT Article ID P-TYPE CONDUCTION; ZNO BUFFER LAYER; GAN THIN-FILMS; MG-DOPED GAN; PERSISTENT PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; GALLIUM NITRIDE; GROWTH; MOCVD; IRRADIATION; SUBLIMATION C1 Astralux Inc, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Qiu, CH (reprint author), Astralux Inc, Boulder, CO USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET PY 1999 VL 57 BP 441 EP 465 PG 25 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BM68K UT WOS:000079454000011 ER PT B AU Fenimore, EE Ramirez-Ruiz, E AF Fenimore, EE Ramirez-Ruiz, E BE Poutanen, J Svensson, R TI The observational basis for central engines in gamma-ray bursts SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: THE FIRST THREE MINUTES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts - The First Three Minutes CY FEB 06-11, 1999 CL GRAFTAVALLEN, SWEDEN SP Nord Inst Theoret Phys, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, Anna-Greta & Holger Crafoord Fund ID MODELS AB We review the observational differences between gamma-ray bursts occurring on a single shell (such as in the external shock model) and multiple shells (such as in the internal shock model). The expected profile and average spectral evolution from a single shell is compared to the average of many bursts and found to be different. The presence of gaps in many gamma-ray bursts is a strong argument against a single shell because an observer should see many causally disconnected regions at any one time. The rapid variability is also difficult to explain from a single shell because of the large number of causally disconnected regions. The pulse width as a function of time in a burst should increase because there is a one-to-one relationship between arrival time and the off-axis angle of emission. The observations show that the pulse width does not increase with time. Finally, in GRB990123 there is evidence for deceleration from the simultaneous optical observations, yet the gamma-ray pulses show no lengthening of their pulse structure. We conclude that gamma-ray bursts are caused by a relatively small central engine. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fenimore, EE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-58381-016-1 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 190 BP 67 EP 82 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BP44C UT WOS:000085157500004 ER PT B AU Larson, DJ Miller, MK Inui, H Yamaguchi, M AF Larson, DJ Miller, MK Inui, H Yamaguchi, M BE KIM, YW Dimiduk, DM Loretto, MH TI Atom probe field ion microscopy of Zr-doped polysynthetically twinned titanium aluminide SO GAMMA TITANIUM ALUMINIDES 1999 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Gamma Titanium Aluminides held in Conjunction with the TMS 1999 Annual Meeting CY MAR 01-04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP TMSSMD Titanium Comm, AFRL, GKSS, HOWMET, IRC, Kyoto Univ, GE ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; DEFORMATION; ALLOYS; CRYSTALS AB Interfacial segregation and partitioning in a polysynthetically twinned Ti-48.4 at.% Al-0.6% Zr alloy were investigated by atom probe field ion microscopy and atom probe tomography. The compositions of the gamma and alpha(2) phases were determined to be Ti-47.5% Al-0.71% Zr-0.06% O and Ti-31.6% Al-0.7% Zr-2.4% O, respectively. These results indicate a high concentration of zirconium in both matrix phases, confirming a strength increase through solid-solution strengthening, but no significant zirconium partitioning to either phase. Although zirconium additions produced a refined lamellar microstructure in this material, compositional analysis of gamma/gamma and gamma/alpha(2) interfaces showed no evidence of significant zirconium segregation. This suggests that zirconium additions may produce a refined lamellar microstructure, but may not be effective at providing resistance to growth and coarsening. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Larson, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-451-8 PY 1999 BP 133 EP 139 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP80P UT WOS:000086245200017 ER PT B AU Gerdemann, SJ Alman, DE AF Gerdemann, SJ Alman, DE BE KIM, YW Dimiduk, DM Loretto, MH TI Titanium aluminide powder production via reaction between TiCl4 and Al SO GAMMA TITANIUM ALUMINIDES 1999 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Gamma Titanium Aluminides held in Conjunction with the TMS 1999 Annual Meeting CY MAR 01-04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP TMSSMD Titanium Comm, AFRL, GKSS, HOWMET, IRC, Kyoto Univ, GE AB The feasibility of producing TiAl and other titanium-aluminide compounds by reacting Al with TiCl4 has been explored. This process is similar to the well known Kroll and Hunter processes for producing pure Ti. The chemical reaction for the formation of TiAl from TiCl4 and Al is as follows: 3 TiCl4 + 7Al --> 3 TiAl + 4AlCl(3) Based on available thermodynamic data, calculations revealed this reaction is energetically favored above 600 degrees C. At lower temperatures TiCl4 is on ly partially reduced to TiCl2 and AI,TI. Experiments, utilizing a fluidized bed reactor, were used to react Al powder with TiCl4, at either 600 and 740 degrees C, and the resultant powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction. At 600 degrees C the powders transformed to AI,Ti and Al5Ti2. At 740 degrees C, the product was dependent on the size of the initial AI powder in the bed. Small Al powders (<100 mu m) transformed to a combination of Ti3Al and TiAl, where as, larger powders transformed to Al3Ti and TiAl. The results demonstrate that it is possible to produce aluminides by reducing TiCl4 with Al; however, to produce a uniform reaction product, such as single phase TiAl, precise control over the reaction conditions is required. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Gerdemann, SJ (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, 1450 Queen Ave SW, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-451-8 PY 1999 BP 341 EP 346 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP80P UT WOS:000086245200044 ER PT B AU Kruzic, JJ Campbell, JP McKelvey, AL Choe, H Ritchie, RO AF Kruzic, JJ Campbell, JP McKelvey, AL Choe, H Ritchie, RO BE KIM, YW Dimiduk, DM Loretto, MH TI The contrasting role of microstructure in influencing fracture and fatigue-crack growth in gamma-based titanium aluminides at large and small crack sizes SO GAMMA TITANIUM ALUMINIDES 1999 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Gamma Titanium Aluminides held in Conjunction with the TMS 1999 Annual Meeting CY MAR 01-04, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP TMSSMD Titanium Comm, AFRL, GKSS, HOWMET, IRC, Kyoto Univ, GE ID LAMELLAR TIAL-ALLOY; TOUGHNESS; RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR AB Ambient and elevated temperature fracture and fatigue-crack propagation behavior, for both large (>5 mm) and small (<500 mu m) cracks, has been studied in gamma-based TiAl alloys, specifically involving single-phase gamma, duplex and lamellar microstructures, the latter being examined over a range of colony and lath dimensions. Specifically, in the presence of large cracks, coarse lamellar microstructures are found to exhibit by far the best ambient temperature cyclic and monotonic crack-growth properties, compared to duplex and single-phase gamma microstructures. At elevated temperatures, lamellar microstructures also show increasing crack-initiation toughness, although rising resistance-curve behavior is not seen above the ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT similar to 700 degrees C). In the presence of small cracks, however, the large differences in fatigue-crack growth properties of the duplex and lamellar structures are no longer evident; moreover, the small cracks grow at applied driving forces lower than the large-crack thresholds, below which cracking is presumed to be dormant. Such behavior is rationalized in terms of(i) the minimal effect of crack-tip shielding, by crack closure and uncracked ligament bridging, with cracks of limited wake, and (ii) the biased microstructural sampling, associated with cracks small compared to the characteristic microstructural dimensions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kruzic, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Ritchie, Robert/A-8066-2008; Choe, Heeman/J-4053-2013 OI Ritchie, Robert/0000-0002-0501-6998; Choe, Heeman/0000-0002-5908-577X NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-451-8 PY 1999 BP 495 EP 507 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BP80P UT WOS:000086245200064 ER PT B AU Hart, WE AF Hart, WE BE Banzhaf, W Daida, J Eiben, AE Garzon, MH Honavar, V Jakiela, M Smith, RE TI Comparing evolutionary programs and evolutionary pattern search algorithms: a drug docking application SO GECCO-99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-99) at the 8th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms/4th Annual Genetic Programming Conference CY JUL 13-17, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP European Network Excellence Evolutionary Comp, Evolut Artificielle, ICES, Int Soc Adapt Behav, Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence ID AUTOMATED DOCKING; PROTEINS AB Evolutionary programs (EPs) and evolutionary pattern search algorithms (EPSAs) are two general classes of evolutionary methods for optimizing on continuous domains. The relative performance of these methods has been evaluated on standard global optimization test functions, and these results suggest that EPSAs more robustly converge to near-optimal solutions than EPs. In this paper we evaluate the relative performance of EPSAs and EPs on a real-world application: flexible ligand binding in the Autodock docking software. We compare the performance of these methods on a suite of docking test problems. Our results confirm that EPSAs and EPs have comparable performance, and they suggest that EPSAs may be more robust on larger, more complex problems. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Appl Math, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hart, WE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Appl Math, POB 5800,MS 1110, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MORGAN KAUFMANN PUB INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 340 PINE STR, 6TH FLR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104-3205 USA BN 1-55860-611-4 PY 1999 BP 855 EP 862 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ96Q UT WOS:000165164700150 ER PT B AU Perkins, S AF Perkins, S BE Banzhaf, W Daida, J Eiben, AE Garzon, MH Honavar, V Jakiela, M Smith, RE TI Evolving effective visual tracking through shaping SO GECCO-99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-99) at the 8th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms/4th Annual Genetic Programming Conference CY JUL 13-17, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP European Network Excellence Evolutionary Comp, Evolut Artificielle, ICES, Int Soc Adapt Behav, Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence ID REINFORCEMENT AB Shaping is a way in which a human designer can provide assistance to a learning system to enable it to solve problems that would otherwise defeat it. Results are presented showing that shaping can significantly improve the final performance of controllers evolved for a difficult visual tracking task. Controllers are developed in simulation and then transferred to a real robot head. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Perkins, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MORGAN KAUFMANN PUB INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 340 PINE STR, 6TH FLR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104-3205 USA BN 1-55860-611-4 PY 1999 BP 1156 EP 1161 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ96Q UT WOS:000165164700195 ER PT B AU Kopp, S Mortveit, HS Reidys, CM AF Kopp, S Mortveit, HS Reidys, CM BE Banzhaf, W Daida, J Eiben, AE Garzon, MH Honavar, V Jakiela, M Smith, RE TI Sequential dynamical systems and simulation SO GECCO-99: PROCEEDINGS OF THE GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO-99) at the 8th International Conference on Genetic Algorithms/4th Annual Genetic Programming Conference CY JUL 13-17, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FL SP European Network Excellence Evolutionary Comp, Evolut Artificielle, ICES, Int Soc Adapt Behav, Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, TSA, DO, SA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kopp, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, TSA, DO, SA, MS-M 997, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MORGAN KAUFMANN PUB INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 340 PINE STR, 6TH FLR, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104-3205 USA BN 1-55860-611-4 PY 1999 BP 1445 EP 1445 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BQ96Q UT WOS:000165164700248 ER PT J AU Wang, IN Dykhuizen, DE Qin, WG Dunn, JJ Bosler, EM Luft, BJ AF Wang, IN Dykhuizen, DE Qin, WG Dunn, JJ Bosler, EM Luft, BJ TI Genetic diversity of ospC in a local population of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID OUTER-SURFACE-PROTEIN; IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; EARLY LYME-DISEASE; CONFORMATION POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; EWENS SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M RESPONSE; POSITIVE SELECTION; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS; CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AB The outer surface protein, OspC, is highly variable in Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, the agent of Lyme disease. We have shown that even within a single population OspC is highly variable. The variation of ospA and ospC in the 40 infected deer ticks collected from a single site on Shelter Island, New York, was determined using PCR-SSCP. There is very strong apparent linkage disequilibrium between ospA and ospC alleles, even though they are located on separate plasmids. Thirteen discernible SSCP mobility classes for ospC were identified and the DNA sequence for each was determined. These sequences, combined with 40 GenBank sequences, allow us to define 19 major ospC groups. Sequences within a major ospC group are, on average, <1% different from each other, while sequences between major ospC groups are, on average, similar to 20% different. The tick sample contains 11 major ospC groups, GenBank contains 16 groups, with 8 groups found in both samples. Thus, the ospC variation within a local population is almost as great as die variation of a similar-sized sample of the entire species, The Ewens-Watterson-Slatkin test of allele frequency showed significant deviation from the neutral expectation, indicating balancing selection for these major ospC groups. The variation represented by major ospC groups needs to be considered if the OspC protein is to be used as a serodiagnostic antigen or a vaccine. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Dykhuizen, DE (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM dandyk@life.bio.sunysb.edu OI Luft, Benjamin/0000-0001-9008-7004 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI33454] NR 85 TC 177 Z9 180 U1 0 U2 10 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JAN PY 1999 VL 151 IS 1 BP 15 EP 30 PG 16 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 156XW UT WOS:000078028900005 PM 9872945 ER PT B AU Doll, WE Nyquist, JE Carpenter, PJ Kaufmann, RD Carr, BJ AF Doll, WE Nyquist, JE Carpenter, PJ Kaufmann, RD Carr, BJ BE Fernandez, G Bauer, RA TI Geophysical surveys of a known karst feature, Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee SO GEO-ENGINEERING FOR UNDERGROUND FACILITIES SE GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Conference of the Geo-Institute CY JUN 13-17, 1999 CL UNIV ILLINOIS, URBANA, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Geo Inst HO UNIV ILLINOIS AB Geophysical data were acquired at a site on the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee to determine the characteristics of a mud-filled void and to evaluate the effectiveness of a suite of geophysical methods at the site. Methods that were used included microgravity, electrical resistivity, and seismic refraction. Both microgravity and resistivity were able to detect the void as well as overlying structural features. The seismic data provide bedrock depth control for the other two methods, and show other effects that are caused by the void. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Envir Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Doll, WE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Envir Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0434-8 J9 GEOTECH SP PY 1999 IS 90 BP 684 EP 694 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BP25M UT WOS:000084506700054 ER PT B AU Linn, JK Culbert, J AF Linn, JK Culbert, J BE Fernandez, G Bauer, RA TI Experience in underground storage of crude oil in salt SO GEO-ENGINEERING FOR UNDERGROUND FACILITIES SE GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Conference of the Geo-Institute CY JUN 13-17, 1999 CL UNIV ILLINOIS, URBANA, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Geo Inst HO UNIV ILLINOIS AB The U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) currently stores nearly 88 million cubic metres (550 million barrels) of crude oil in salt underground openings, leached and mined. Experience over 20 years has provided some very important lessons and technology improvements, and pitfalls of underground oil storage in salt. On the very positive side, the ability to monitor the integrity of solution mined caverns has increased greatly, tools used to design and control leaching of salt caverns have become almost routine, and our understanding of the underground or "geo" tank has improved immensely. In the process however, we have learned that all salt "geo" tanks are not suitable for hydrocarbon storage even though they are stable for years, and that underground long term storage of some hydrocarbons has some unanticipated costs. In this paper we discuss SPR contributions to technology improvements in testing, salt modeling and understanding of underground crude oil storage in salt, using examples of actual cavern operations. We also discuss salt cavern limitations that have been learned through hard experience. Specifically, cavern pressure monitoring and modeling capabilities which can enable loss detection of very small volumes of storage oil are highlighted, along with state of the art salt creep modeling, leaching, and cavern design capabilities. Mitigative and diagnostic techniques for fluid leaks are also discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Underground Storage Technol Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Linn, JK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Underground Storage Technol Dept, POB 5800,MS 0706, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0434-8 J9 GEOTECH SP PY 1999 IS 90 BP 810 EP 820 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BP25M UT WOS:000084506700064 ER PT B AU Laughton, C Nelson, P Abd Al-Jalil, Y AF Laughton, C Nelson, P Abd Al-Jalil, Y BE Fernandez, G Bauer, RA TI Adding realism to the planning of rock Tunnel Boring Machine projects SO GEO-ENGINEERING FOR UNDERGROUND FACILITIES SE GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd National Conference of the Geo-Institute CY JUN 13-17, 1999 CL UNIV ILLINOIS, URBANA, IL SP Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Geo Inst HO UNIV ILLINOIS AB Experienced tunnel planners will openly acknowledge that the idea of a Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) drive proceeding according to any preconceived plan is illusory. However, despite this fact the planner will commonly develop a cost and schedule assuming that the tunnel will be excavated at a constant advance rate for the full length of the tunnel. This is a naive assumption that fails to convey to management the very real possibility that the advance rate will vary and that the time and cost to complete the tunnel are liable to deviate from those defined in the project plan. Such plans rapidly loose their credibility once the tunneling begins and, in hindsight, they often prove to have been both inaccurate and over-optimistic. On site, operational inefficiency, breakdowns, high water inflow and adverse rock conditions all contrive to make the TBM advance rate far less predictable and less rapid than a study of the project plan would lead one to believe. This paper summarizes how sets of case history TBM performance records have been collected and are used as input to a suite of models that predict both the time and cost to complete the excavation of a TBM-bored tunnel. The case history data faithfully report conditions and TBM performance over the full length of the drive. The models use these data sets to simulate machine performance on new sites. These predictions specifically take account of the impact of rock mass and machine factors on performance. The output from these models is presented in a probabilistic format that provides the manager with an objective definition of risk, expressed in terms of cost and schedule. The data base format and the output from one of the models are described. The model was used to support the development of a conceptual design for the Very Large Hadron Collider (VLHC) project, a potential "next generation" high energy particle accelerator. The model output has also been used to identify the major cast drivers of the tunneling operation, and research is currently underway to identify cost-reduction measures that could be introduced in to the TBM-system. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Laughton, C (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0434-8 J9 GEOTECH SP PY 1999 IS 90 BP 1091 EP 1101 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BP25M UT WOS:000084506700089 ER PT J AU Chacko, T Riciputi, LR Cole, DR Horita, J AF Chacko, T Riciputi, LR Cole, DR Horita, J TI A new technique for determining equilibrium hydrogen isotope fractionation factors using the ion microprobe: Application to the epidote-water system SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN SELF-DIFFUSION; EXCHANGE; MINERALS; TEMPERATURE; CALCITE; MAGNETITE AB We have developed a new method for determining equilibrium hydrogen isotope fractionation factors between hydrous minerals and water. In contrast to traditional experimental methods that use finely powdered minerals as starting material and analyze the experimental run products with bulk analytical techniques, we use large single crystals as starting material and then analyze the outer 0.5-2.0 mu m of the isotopically exchanged crystals by ion microprobe. Although providing somewhat less precise analytical data than can be obtained with conventional methods, the advantage of the present technique is that it allows fractionations to be determined in experiments in which isotopic exchange demonstrably occurs through a diffusional process and not by recrystallization. This, in turn, permits acquisition of unambiguously reversed experimental data on equilibrium fractionation factors. The technique was applied to the epidote-water system for which we report fractionation data between 300-600 degrees C determined at a pressure of about 2.1 kbar. Despite initial epidote-water fractionations that were far from equilibrium in some experiments, diffusional exchange rates were sufficiently high in this system to bracket the equilibrium fractionation within analytical error to temperatures as low as 300 degrees C. The measured fractionations vary systematically with temperature, decreasing from - 36 parts per thousand at 300 degrees C to - 54 parts per thousand at 600 degrees C. Within the experimental temperature range, these fractionations can be represented by the equation 1000 In alpha (epidote-water) = 9.3 X 10(6)/T-2 - 61.9. The present method should be applicable to other mineral-water systems and help to resolve some of the existing discrepancies with regard to the magnitude and temperature dependence of hydrogen isotope fractionation factors. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada. RP Chacko, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Chacko, Thomas/F-2269-2011 NR 30 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00007-1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 194WQ UT WOS:000080218100001 ER PT J AU Ford, RG Kemner, KM Bertsch, PM AF Ford, RG Kemner, KM Bertsch, PM TI Influence of sorbate-sorbent interactions on the crystallization kinetics of nickel- and lead-ferrihydrite coprecipitates SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; AMORPHOUS IRON(III) HYDROXIDE; HYDROUS IRON-OXIDE; SURFACE COMPLEXATION; STRUCTURE STANDARDS; STRUCTURE SPECTRA; GOETHITE; DISSOLUTION; ADSORPTION; SORPTION AB Metals sorbed to or coprecipitated with ferrihydrite can significantly inhibit transformation to more crystalline endproducts. We hypothesized that metals with a higher stability constant for a metal-ferrihydrite surface complex would retard the transformation process to a greater extent. To test this hypothesis, we examined the influence of Ni or Pb sorption on the kinetics of ferrihydrite crystallization to goethite/hematite. Reported surface stability constants for Ni and Pb sorbed to ferrihydrite are logK(1,int) = 0.37 and 4.0, respectively (Dzombak and Morel, 1990). The structural evolution of nickel- and lead-ferrihydrite coprecipitates was studied for various metal loadings during aging at pH 6 or 11 and 70 degrees C. Results of aging studies demonstrated that the influence on transformation kinetics was not related to the magnitude of the stability constant of the Ni- or Pb-ferrihydrite surface complex. At pH 11, crystallization was retarded more significantly in the presence of Ni and rates decreased with increasing Ni/Pb surface loading. At pH 6, crystallization rates were accelerated in the presence of Pb, and this was also true for systems at the lowest Ni loading. However, crystallization rates in the presence of Ni were always slower relative to systems containing Pb. Characterization of crystalline iron (hydr)oxide endproducts by x-ray diffraction and high-resolution thermogravimetric analysis showed that hematite was formed to a greater extent than goethite in the presence of Ni. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy suggested that the majority of sorbed Pb was present as an inner-sphere surface complex. The distribution of coprecipitated Ni or Pb on aged solids, as assessed via continuous dissolution with oxalic acid, suggested that a significant fraction of Ni was partitioned into the structure of a crystalline iron (hydr)oxide. In contrast, Ph desorption/dissolution behavior confirmed that this metal was primarily associated with surface sites or poorly ordered iron (hydr)oxide phases. The relative metal-specific influence on crystallization rate and endproduct, and the apparent Ni and Pb distribution in aged solids suggest that Pb forms a more kinetically labile sorption complex than Ni with iron (hydr)oxides. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Delaware, Coll Agr Sci, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ford, RG (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. EM rgford@udel.edu RI Ford, Robert/N-4634-2014 OI Ford, Robert/0000-0002-9465-2282 NR 58 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 1 BP 39 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00010-1 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 194WQ UT WOS:000080218100004 ER PT J AU Curtis, D Fabryka-Martin, J Dixon, P Cramer, J AF Curtis, D Fabryka-Martin, J Dixon, P Cramer, J TI Nature's uncommon elements: Plutonium and technetium SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID LAKE URANIUM DEPOSIT; NORTHERN SASKATCHEWAN AB Natural Tc-99 and Pu-239 were measured in ores from the Cigar Lake uranium deposit, in which U concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 55 wt%. Atomic ratios ranged from 1.4 x 10(-12) to 51 x 10(-12) for Tc-99/U and 2.4 x 10(-12) to 44 x 10(-12) for Pu-239/U. Measured concentrations are compared to those expected if the ores had behaved as closed systems with respect to U and its products. Under conditions of secular equilibrium in closed systems, Tc-99 and Pu-239 concentrations are solely a function of the neutron flux, U content, and decay rates. The neutron production rate and physical and chemical parameters that control the in situ neutron flux were measured in several samples. Neutron transport modeling of the sample environs using the MCNP code indicated that about half of the samples showed apparent excesses of Tc-99 and Pu-239 beyond the amounts predicted for secular equilibrium. Although production by neutron-capture on Mo-98 complicates the accuracy of the Tc-99 predictions, the excess quantities nonetheless strongly suggest the redistribution of these elements within the deposit. The failure to observe complementary deficiencies within the deposit suggests that the redistribution processes enriched the elements, removing small proportions of the elements from large uraniferous masses of rock, and concentrating them in smaller, less uraniferous, masses. The consistency of Pu-239/U and Tc-99/U ratios in bulk rock suggests that the redistribution processes observed at Cigar Lake are highly localized and in no case result in large-scale losses or gains of these nuclear products from the deposit as a whole. Copyright (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Whiteshell Lab, Pinawa, MB R0E 1L0, Canada. RP Fabryka-Martin, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 1999 VL 63 IS 2 BP 275 EP 285 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00282-8 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 196XE UT WOS:000080332800009 ER PT J AU Lewis, CJ Wernicke, BP Selverstone, J Bartley, JM AF Lewis, CJ Wernicke, BP Selverstone, J Bartley, JM TI Deep burial of the footwall of the northern Snake Range decollement, Nevada SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DUCTILE-BRITTLE TRANSITION; METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; AR-40/AR-39 THERMOCHRONOLOGY; ERROR PROPAGATION; DETACHMENT FAULT; PELITIC SCHISTS; MYLONITIC ROCKS; THRUST BELT; HIGH-GRADE; MOUNTAINS AB Metapelitic Eocambrian Strata from eastern exposures of the footwall of the northern Snake Range decollement experienced Mesozoic amphibolite facies metamorphism and greenschist facies overprint accompanying extreme ductile thinning. Samples from the Hampton Creek area where the overprint is weakest contain the assemblage quartz + muscovite + biotite + garnet + plagioclase + opaque oxides + staurolite +/- kyanite +/- tourmaline +/- apatite, Textural relations and consistency of rim analyses among multiple domains in each sample indicate equilibrium. Rim pressure-temperature estimates were obtained using the garnet-biotite Pe-Mg exchange thermometer and the garnet-muscovite-plagioclase-biotite and garnet-aluminosilicate-plagioclase barometers. The results suggest final equilibration at 610 +/- 50 degrees C and 810 +/- 70 MPa, or a depth of 30 +/- 3 km, about a factor of 3 greater than the stratigraphic depth. To the west, in the Schell Creek Range, correlative strata are contiguous with unmetamorphosed upper Paleozoic and Tertiary strata, From west to east, exposures of Eocambrian rocks in the two ranges collectively show increasing intensity of crystal-plastic deformation, metamorphic recrystallization, and metamorphic grade from subgreenschist to amphibolite facies, and a monotonic decrease in Ar-40/Ar-39 muscovite ages from Mesozoic age to about 23 Ma. In light of these relations, the pressure-temperature data suggest that Eocambrian strata were inclined eastward during Mesozoic metamorphism with similar to 15-20 km of structural relief. We interpret the eastward tilting and burial to be the result of west-directed thrusting, as expressed by folding td the north in the Deep Creek Range. Unroofing of the deeply buried sh ata may have occurred partly in Cretaceous or early Cenozoic time, with final unroofing in Oligocene and Miocene time along the northern Snake Range decollement, These results exclude the hypothesis that the northern Snake Range decollement initiated as a brittle-ductile transition zone within Cambrian strata of a little-deformed miogeoclinal section, and support the hypothesis that it is a major low-angle extensional shear zone. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci 170 25, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Geol & Geophys, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Lewis, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Grp EES 1, MS D-462, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Selverstone, Jane/A-9809-2008 OI Selverstone, Jane/0000-0003-4234-4111 NR 71 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0016-7606 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 111 IS 1 BP 39 EP 51 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<0039:DBOTFO>2.3.CO;2 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 155ED UT WOS:000077932500004 ER PT J AU Kaelin, B Johnson, LR AF Kaelin, B Johnson, LR TI Using seismic crosswell surveys to determine the aperture of partially water-saturated fractures SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BUBBLE AB An air injection experiment in a shallow fractured limestone at Conoco's borehole test facility near Newkirk, Oklahoma, has shown large effects on the amplitude but small effects on the traveltime of the transmitted seismic waves. We have analyzed data from a seismic monitor survey in the kilohertz range performed during the experiment and have modeled the fracture zone as a single fracture. The large amplitude decrease during the experiment is mainly attributable to the impedance contrast between the small velocities of gas-water mixtures inside the fracture and the formation. The intrinsic attenuation of the fracture fluid seems to be a second-order effect for small apertures. During the experiment the seismic wavelengths inside the fracture become comparable to the aperture dimension, which allows an estimation of fracture apertures. We also have analyzed a crosswell survey acquired shortly after the experiment and computed aperture and gas concentration profiles. Our aperture estimates range from <1mm to a few millimeters, which is comparable to previous tracer tests. The results of this study are generally consistent with prior hydrologic work and single-well surveys. This study demonstrates that crosswell surveys could be an effective tool for obtaining in situ estimates of fracture aperture and gas concentration. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kaelin, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM Bkaelin@lb1.gov; lrjohnson@lb1.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 64 IS 1 BP 13 EP 23 DI 10.1190/1.1444511 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 163FU UT WOS:000078394200001 ER PT J AU Govindasamy, B Wehner, MF Mechoso, CR Duffy, P AF Govindasamy, B Wehner, MF Mechoso, CR Duffy, P TI The influence of a Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer scheme on the simulated climate of LLNL/UCLA AGCM SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE LLNL/UCLA AGCM; LSM; SVAT; SiB2; surface energy budget ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION SIB2; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; LARGE-SCALE ENVIRONMENT; CUMULUS CLOUD ENSEMBLE; LAND-SURFACE; GCMS; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPIRATION; PRECIPITATION AB The sensitivity of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)/University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM) to coupling with a Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) scheme is investigated in this paper. The SVAT leads to general warming of the climate over continents in association with enhanced sensible heat fluxes. The wetness bias of AGCM is reduced drastically with reductions in latent heat fluxes and precipitation. There is reduction in cloudiness when the SVAT is coupled which results in increased solar radiation at the surface. Upward long wave radiation increases in association with increases in land surface temperature. Although the coupling of SVAT improves surface fluxes of heat and water vapor, these changes are mainly offset by changes in solar and infrared radiative fluxes. Global mean energy balance at the surface and the top of atmosphere is improved marginally. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PCMDI, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Climate Syst Modeling Grp, Livermore, CA USA. RP Govindasamy, B (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, PCMDI, L-103, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM bala@llnl.gov NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD JAN PY 1999 VL 20 IS 1 BP 67 EP 86 DI 10.1016/S0921-8181(98)00055-1 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 158AW UT WOS:000078094700005 ER PT S AU Evans, BM Datskos, PG Rajic, S Datskou, I AF Evans, BM Datskos, PG Rajic, S Datskou, I BE Kathman, AD TI Optimization of micromachined photon devices SO GRADIENT INDEX, MINIATURE, AND DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gradient Index, Miniature, and Diffractive Optical Systems CY JUL 19-21, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE MEMS; microcantilever; finite element analysis; FEA ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; MICROCANTILEVERS AB The Oak Ridge National Laboratory has been instrumental in developing ultraprecision technologies for the fabrication of optical devices. We are currently extending our ultraprecision capabilities to the design, fabrication, and testing of microoptics and MEMS devices. Techniques have been developed in our lab for fabricating micro-devices using single point diamond turning and ion milling. The devices we fabricated can be used in micro-scale interferometry, micro-positioners, micro-mirrors, and chemical sensors. In this paper, we focus on the optimization of microstructure performance using finite element analysis and the experimental validation of those results. We also discuss the fabrication of such structures and the optical testing of the devices. The performance is simulated using finite element analysis to optimize geometric and material parameters. The parameters we studied include bimaterial coating thickness effects; device length, width, and thickness effects, as well as changes in the geometry itself. This optimization results in increased sensitivity of these structures to absorbed incoming energy, which is important for photon detection or micro-mirror actuation. We have investigated and tested multiple geometries. The devices were fabricated using focused ion beam milling, and their response was measured using a chopped photon source and laser triangulation techniques. Our results are presented and discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Evans, BM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, MS 8039, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3264-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3778 BP 62 EP 70 DI 10.1117/12.363760 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BN88E UT WOS:000083314600007 ER PT B AU Doctor, RD Chess, KL Brockmeier, NF Molburg, JC Thimmapuram, P AF Doctor, RD Chess, KL Brockmeier, NF Molburg, JC Thimmapuram, P BE Eliasson, B Riemer, P Wokaun, A TI Hydrogen production and carbon dioxide recovery from KRW oxygen-blown gasification SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-4) CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 1998 CL INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND SP ABB Corp Res, Int Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas Programme, British Petr, ETH, Norsk Hydro, PSI, RITE, SAIC, Saudi Aramco, Shell, Siemens, Statoil, Swiss Fed Off Energy, Swiss Re, US DOE AB An oxygen-blown KRW integrated gasification combined-cycle plant producing hydrogen, electricity, and supercritical-CO2, was studied in a full-energy cycle analysis extending from the coal mine to the final destination of the gaseous product streams. A location in the mid-western United States was chosen 160-km from Old Ben #26 mine which ships 3,866 tonnes/day of Illinois #6 coal by diesel locomotive. Three parallel gasifier trains, each capable of providing 42% of the plant's 413.5 MW nominal capacity use a combined total of 3,488 tonnes/day of 1/4 " prepared coal. The plant produces a net 52 MW of power and 3.71 x 10(6) nm(3)/day of 99.999% purity hydrogen which is sent 100 km by pipeline at 34 bars. The plant also produces 3.18 x 10(6) nm(3)/day of supercritical CO2 at 143 bars, which is sequestered in enhanced oil recovery operations 500 km away. A CO2 emission rate of 1 kgCO(2)/kWh was assumed for power purchases outside the fence of the IGCC plant. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Doctor, RD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043018-X PY 1999 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1016/B978-008043018-8/50011-4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BN24H UT WOS:000081237400011 ER PT B AU Byrer, CW Guthrie, HD AF Byrer, CW Guthrie, HD BE Eliasson, B Riemer, P Wokaun, A TI Coal deposits: Potential geological sink for sequestering carbon dioxide emissions from power plants SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-4) CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 1998 CL INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND SP ABB Corp Res, Int Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas Programme, British Petr, ETH, Norsk Hydro, PSI, RITE, SAIC, Saudi Aramco, Shell, Siemens, Statoil, Swiss Fed Off Energy, Swiss Re, US DOE AB Unminable coal deposits may present an opportunity for the energy industry to sequester carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from power plant stack gas. These coal (r)esources may be uneconomic for mining by being too thin, too deep, or too unsafe. In recent times, historically mined coals may also be too high in sulfur or ash content or too low in Btu value to be economically profitable. Unlike CO2-enhanced oil recovery where the CO2 is subsequently co-produced, injected CO2 into coals displaces the adsorbed methane (CH4) from the coal surface, two molecules of CO2 being trapped for every molecule of CH4 released. Proprietary industry field projects of CO2 injection into coalbeds have shown increased yields of produced CH4 over conventional coalbed methane (CH4) recovery. These coal deposits represent a widely dispersed potential geological sink for CO2 storage while at the same time offering an opportunity to recover commercial quantities of natural gas from coalbeds. The U.S. Department of Energy has been facilitating the evolving recognition and development of this novel CO2-CH4 concept in order to enhance coalbed methane production and evaluate a potential geological option for disposal of carbon dioxide from power plant stack gases. C1 US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Byrer, CW (reprint author), US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RI daorui, han/G-3767-2011 NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043018-X PY 1999 BP 181 EP 187 DI 10.1016/B978-008043018-8/50030-8 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BN24H UT WOS:000081237400030 ER PT B AU Wendt, CH Butt, DP Lackner, KS Ziock, HJ AF Wendt, CH Butt, DP Lackner, KS Ziock, HJ BE Eliasson, B Riemer, P Wokaun, A TI Thermodynamic considerations of using chlorides to accelerate the carbonate formation from magnesium silicates SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-4) CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 1998 CL INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND SP ABB Corp Res, Int Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas Programme, British Petr, ETH, Norsk Hydro, PSI, RITE, SAIC, Saudi Aramco, Shell, Siemens, Statoil, Swiss Fed Off Energy, Swiss Re, US DOE AB In order to develop a safe, permanent, and economic means of disposing of CO, as a solid carbonate, we have investigated the thermodynamics of the system MgO-SiO2-H2O-HCl-CO2. Our goal is to determine the optimal pathway for the dissolution of magnesium rich mineral rock in a melt of hydrated MgCl2 and the concurrent or subsequent formation of stable carbonates. The thermodynamic analysis forms the basis for future design implementations. As an encouraging result we point to the strong thermodynamic advantages of directly forming carbonates in the melt. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wendt, CH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043018-X PY 1999 BP 349 EP 354 DI 10.1016/B978-008043018-8/50056-4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BN24H UT WOS:000081237400056 ER PT B AU Benson, SM Chandler, W Edmonds, J Houghton, J Levine, M Bates, L Chum, H Dooley, J Grether, D Logan, J Wiltsee, G Wright, L AF Benson, SM Chandler, W Edmonds, J Houghton, J Levine, M Bates, L Chum, H Dooley, J Grether, D Logan, J Wiltsee, G Wright, L BE Eliasson, B Riemer, P Wokaun, A TI Assessment of basic research needs for greenhouse gas control technologies SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-4) CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 1998 CL INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND SP ABB Corp Res, Int Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas Programme, British Petr, ETH, Norsk Hydro, PSI, RITE, SAIC, Saudi Aramco, Shell, Siemens, Statoil, Swiss Fed Off Energy, Swiss Re, US DOE DE carbon capture and sequestration; natural carbon cycle; energy efficiency; biomass; hydrogen AB This paper is an outgrowth of an effort undertaken by the Department of Energy's Office of Energy Research to assess the fundamental research needs to support a national program in carbon management (Benson et al, 1998). Five topics were identified as areas where carbon management strategies and technologies might be developed: (1) capture of carbon dioxide, decarbonization strategies, and carbon dioxide disposal and utilization; (2) hydrogen development and fuel cells; (3) enhancement of the natural carbon cycle; (4) biomass production and utilization; and (5) improvement of the efficiency of energy production, conversion, and utilization. Within each of these general areas, experts came together to identify targets of opportunity for fundamental research likely to lead to the development of mid- to long-term solutions for stabilizing or decreasing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Basic research to support the options outlined above are far reaching-from understanding natural global processes such as the ocean and terrestrial carbon cycles to development of new materials and concepts for chemical separation. Examples of fundamental research needs are described in this paper. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Benson, SM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043018-X PY 1999 BP 457 EP 462 DI 10.1016/B978-008043018-8/50073-4 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BN24H UT WOS:000081237400073 ER PT B AU Steinberg, M AF Steinberg, M BE Eliasson, B Riemer, P Wokaun, A TI Natural gas and efficient technologies - A response to global warming SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-4) CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 1998 CL INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND SP ABB Corp Res, Int Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas Programme, British Petr, ETH, Norsk Hydro, PSI, RITE, SAIC, Saudi Aramco, Shell, Siemens, Statoil, Swiss Fed Off Energy, Swiss Re, US DOE AB Natural Gas has the highest hydrogen content of all fossil fuels. When used with efficient technologies which include the combined cycle power cycle, the Carnol system for liquid fuels and fuel cells for the transportation sector, can ultimately achieve CO2 emissions reduction in the U.S. economy exceeding 60% for reaching atmospheric stability. The total net incremental replacement capital investment for acquiring the improved technologies is approximately equal to the investment required to normally renew the conventional equipment. In addition, the total fuel bill can be equal to or less than the current fuel bill, indicating that the economics are reasonable.((1)) C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Steinberg, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043018-X PY 1999 BP 761 EP 765 DI 10.1016/B978-008043018-8/50120-X PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BN24H UT WOS:000081237400120 ER PT B AU Dooley, JJ Edmonds, JA Wise, MA AF Dooley, JJ Edmonds, JA Wise, MA BE Eliasson, B Riemer, P Wokaun, A TI The role of carbon capture & sequestration in a long-term technology strategy of atmospheric stabilization SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-4) CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 1998 CL INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND SP ABB Corp Res, Int Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas Programme, British Petr, ETH, Norsk Hydro, PSI, RITE, SAIC, Saudi Aramco, Shell, Siemens, Statoil, Swiss Fed Off Energy, Swiss Re, US DOE DE carbon capture and sequestration; atmospheric stabilization; economic modeling ID CO2 AB In this paper, we examine the potential of carbon capture and sequestration technologies to make a significant contribution to national and global efforts to control carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. We examine the performance of these technologies under two alternative future energy-policy scenarios. We conclude that carbon capture and sequestration technologies could indeed play a significant role in reducing atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and could reduce the costs associated with stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of CO2 by 35% or more. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Dooley, JJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 901 D St,SW Suite 900, Washington, DC 20024 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043018-X PY 1999 BP 857 EP 861 DI 10.1016/B978-008043018-8/50137-5 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BN24H UT WOS:000081237400137 ER PT B AU Petrick, M Pellegrino, J AF Petrick, M Pellegrino, J BE Eliasson, B Riemer, P Wokaun, A TI An assessment of carbon reduction technology opportunities in the petroleum refining industry SO GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-4) CY AUG 30-SEP 02, 1998 CL INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND SP ABB Corp Res, Int Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas Programme, British Petr, ETH, Norsk Hydro, PSI, RITE, SAIC, Saudi Aramco, Shell, Siemens, Statoil, Swiss Fed Off Energy, Swiss Re, US DOE C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Petrick, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Bldg 362,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043018-X PY 1999 BP 927 EP 932 DI 10.1016/B978-008043018-8/50148-X PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BN24H UT WOS:000081237400148 ER PT J AU Zawislanski, PT Faybishenko, B AF Zawislanski, PT Faybishenko, B TI New casing and backfill design for neutron logging access boreholes SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID MOISTURE METER CALIBRATION AB In an effort to enhance the usefulness of neutron logging for environmental applications, a new combination of backfill and casing materials for access boreholes has been developed, The combination of acrylic casing and polyurethane foam backfill has been tested under laboratory and field conditions. Acrylic casing does not significantly attenuate fluxes of either high energy or thermal neutrons, in contrast with polyvinyl chloride casing which reduces the thermal neutron nux by more than 40% due to neutron absorption by chlorine, Polyurethane foam, which is inert, hydrophobic, and insoluble in water, adheres well to both dry and wetted soils, sediments, and rocks. It can be formed in situ at a low but controllable, bulk density. At a bulk density of 0.08 g cm(-3), and in combination with acrylic casing, polyurethane foam increases the thermal neutron count by less than 5% in a saturated sand, relative to background. In addition to its small effect on the neutron flux, polyurethane foam, unlike bentonite or cement, does not affect the moisture content of the surrounding formation during installation. Furthermore, because it is a closed-cell foam, its moisture content does not change under varying formation moisture conditions. As was shown in related field tests, polyurethane foam is especially well suited for backfilling boreholes in fractured rocks because of its fast set time which minimizes penetration into fractures. The design proved to be convenient and durable under rugged field conditions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zawislanski, PT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Faybishenko, Boris/G-3363-2015 OI Faybishenko, Boris/0000-0003-0085-8499 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1999 VL 37 IS 1 BP 33 EP 37 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb00955.x PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 158LX UT WOS:000078117900009 ER PT S AU Canavan, GH AF Canavan, GH BE Culp, RD Weimer, DJ TI Deflection of large near-Earth objects SO GUIDANCE AND CONTROL 1999 SE ADVANCES IN THE ASTRONAUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual AAS Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference CY FEB 03-07, 1999 CL BRECKENRIDGE, CO SP Amer Astronaut Sci AB The requirements to deflect NEOs with significant material strength are known reasonably well, but the strength of actual NEOs is not known. Meteor impacts give some information, which implies that large, weak objects could also be deflected efficiently. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Canavan, GH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIVELT INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 28130, SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 USA SN 1081-6003 BN 0-87703-456-7 J9 ADV ASTRONAUT SCI PY 1999 VL 101 BP 63 EP 70 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BN14B UT WOS:000080857900005 ER PT S AU Prettyman, TH Smith, MK Luke, PN Amman, M Lee, J AF Prettyman, TH Smith, MK Luke, PN Amman, M Lee, J BE James, RB Schirato, RC TI Investigation of charge collection in multi-electrode CdZnTe detectors SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE CdZnTe; coplanar grid; charge collection; room temperature; gamma ray; detector ID COPLANAR; GENERATION; DESIGN AB Preliminary results of experiments to investigate charge collection in CdZnTe detectors are presented. The experiments support the development of semiconductor-modeling tools for device engineering that will be used to design large volume CdZnTe detectors for gamma ray spectroscopy. Improved diagnostic methods are described, including an automated alpha particle scanner for charge pulse mapping. Semiconductor modeling techniques are presented along with methods to visualize charge transport. Experimental results are compared to a physical model that has been used routinely in research on room temperature devices for gamma ray detection. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prettyman, TH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E540, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3254-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3768 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1117/12.366595 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BN97V UT WOS:000083737600003 ER PT S AU Lee, EY McChesney, JL James, RB Olsen, RW Hermon, H Schieber, M AF Lee, EY McChesney, JL James, RB Olsen, RW Hermon, H Schieber, M BE James, RB Schirato, RC TI Compensation and trapping in semi-insulating CdZnTe SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE CdZnTe; radiation detector; compensation; trap; thermally stimulated conductivity (TSC); thermoelectric voltage spectroscopy (TEVS); thermoelectric emission spectroscopy (TEES); photoluminescence (PL); current-voltage; device physics; compensation; trap ID LEVEL TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; DEEP LEVELS; CDTE; SEMICONDUCTORS; CD1-XZNXTE; GAAS; STOICHIOMETRY; CRYSTALS AB Semi-insulating CdZnTe radiation detectors from five leading crystal growers and universities were characterized by thermally stimulated conductivity (TSC), thermoelectric voltage spectroscopy (TEVS), dark conductivity, current-voltage, and variable temperature time-resolved and spatially-resolved photoluminescence (PL). By TEVS, which is an extension of the hot-probe method, all of the samples were found to have n-type electrical conductivities at room temperature and this implied that the dominant deep level is a donor level. The TSC and TEVS spectra showed that all of the samples had a dominant deep electron trap, a series of shallow electron traps, and a deep hole trap. Some of the samples showed large concentrations of shallow hole traps. A two level model of compensation is proposed which is consistent with the observed resistivities, electrical conductivities at room temperature, observed trap level energies, and observed trapping behavior. It consists of a dominant deep donor level compensating a smaller concentration of a hole acceptor level that may be shallow or deep. The model showed that the electrical conductivity type of the stably compensated materials at RT is determined by the dominant level of the compensation, which is a deep donor level for CdZnTe. Preliminary results from the variable temperature time-resolved and spatially-resolved PL showed that the emission from the traps dominate the photoluminescence spectra from these materials and that there is much spatial variation in the trap concentrations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lee, EY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI McChesney, Jessica/K-8911-2013 OI McChesney, Jessica/0000-0003-0470-2088 NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3254-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3768 BP 115 EP 128 DI 10.1117/12.366575 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BN97V UT WOS:000083737600012 ER PT S AU Nakae, LF Ziock, KP AF Nakae, LF Ziock, KP BE James, RB Schirato, RC TI Edge reclamation in position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE AB We have investigated the performance of a position-sensitive, gamma-ray detector based on a CsI(Na) scintillator coupled to a Hamamatsu R3292 Position-Sensitive Photomultiplier Tube (PSPMT). The R3292 has an active area 10.0 cm in diameter (quoted). Utilization of the full active area of the photocathode is a goal that has been previously unrealized due to edge effects. Initial measurements with a 0.75 cm thick CsI(Na) crystal indicate that the performance (position resolution linearity) starts to degrade as one reaches a radius of only 3.5 cm, reducing the active area by 60%. Measuring the anode wires we have found that this fall off is not solely due to crystal edge effects, but rather is inherent to the tube crystal system. In this paper we describe the results of our measurements and how good performance can be maintained across a full 10cm of the tube face through the use of a few additional electronics channels. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nakae, LF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-186, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3254-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3768 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1117/12.366581 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BN97V UT WOS:000083737600018 ER PT S AU Wynne, D Cardozo, B Haller, EE AF Wynne, D Cardozo, B Haller, EE BE James, RB Schirato, RC TI GaAs thin film epitaxy and X-ray detector development SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE GaAs; liquid phase epitaxy; epitaxy; Schottky barrier diodes; X-ray detectors ID BULK GAAS; RADIATION AB We report on the growth of high purity n-GaAs using Liquid Phase Epitaxy and on the fabrication of Schottky barrier diodes for use as X-ray detectors using these layers. Our epilayers are grown from an ultra-pure Ga solvent in a graphite boat in a hydrogen atmosphere. Growth is started at a temperature of approximately 800 degrees C; the temperature is ramped down at 2 degrees C/min. to room temperature. Our best epilayers show a net-residual-donor concentration of approximately 2x10(12) cm(-3), measured by Hall effect. Electron mobilities as high as 150,000 cm(2) V-1 s(-1) at 77 K have been obtained. The residual donors have been analyzed by far infrared photothermal ionization spectroscopy and found to be sulfur and silicon. Up to approximately 200 mu m of epitaxial GaAs have been deposited using several sequential growth runs on semi-insulating and n(+)-doped substrates. Schottky barrier diodes have been fabricated using this epitaxial material and have been electrically characterized by current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements. The Schottky barriers are formed by electron beam evaporation of Pt films. The ohmic contacts are made by electron beam evaporated and allayed Ni-Ge-Au films on the backside of the substrate. Several of our diodes exhibit dark currents of the order of 0.3 - 3.3 nA/mm(2) at reverse biases depleting approximately 50 mu m of the epilayer. Electrical characteristics and preliminary performance results of our Schottky diodes using Cd-109 and Am-241 gamma and X-ray radiation will be discussed. C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wynne, D (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3254-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 1999 VL 3768 BP 196 EP 203 DI 10.1117/12.366583 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BN97V UT WOS:000083737600020 ER PT S AU Moss, CE Ianakiev, KD Prettyman, TH Reedy, RC Smith, MK Sweet, MR Valentine, JD AF Moss, CE Ianakiev, KD Prettyman, TH Reedy, RC Smith, MK Sweet, MR Valentine, JD BE James, RB Schirato, RC TI Performance of multi-element CdZnTe detectors SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE Cadmium Zinc Telluride; gamma-ray detector; radiation detector; detector array; planetary science ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETER; SEMICONDUCTOR; TRANSPORT AB Single-element CdZnTe detectors are limited in size, and therefore efficiency, by the poor hole transport, even with a coplanar grid. We are investigating the possibility of a 27-element (3 x 3 x 3) array using 15 mm x 15 mm x 15 mm elements for gamma-ray energies to 10 MeV for NASA planetary missions. We present experimental results for combinations of various size coplanar grid detectors using NIM electronics and energies to 6.1 MeV. Summation of the signals after linear gating and requiring coincidence produces only a small increase in the energy resolution. Our results indicate that good efficiency and a spectrum not complicated by a large Compton continuum can be achieved by simply summing the spectra from 15 x 15 x 15 mm(3) detectors for gamma-ray energies below about 2 MeV. Above 2 MeV, 2-fold coincidence might be required, depending on the spectrum, to suppress the Compton continuum and escape peaks. We use a Monte Carlo calculation to predict the performance of the 27-element array for a lunar highlands spectrum. Such ambient-temperature, high-efficiency, goad-resolution arrays will facilitate new NASA missions to determine elemental composition of planetary bodies and terrestrial applications requiring high-efficiency, good-resolution portable instruments. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moss, CE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS J562, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Reedy, Robert/0000-0002-2189-1303; Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3254-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3768 BP 320 EP 329 DI 10.1117/12.366597 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BN97V UT WOS:000083737600033 ER PT S AU Prettyman, TH Smith, MK Soldner, SE AF Prettyman, TH Smith, MK Soldner, SE BE James, RB Schirato, RC TI Design and characterization of cylindrical CdZnTe detectors with coplanar grids SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE CdZnTe; coplanar grid; room temperature; semiconductor; gamma ray detectors; spectroscopy; safeguards AB This paper describes the development of cylindrical coplanar grid CdZnTe detectors for gamma ray spectroscopy. Cylindrical detectors offer a number of advantages over established designs. For example, grid structures for cylindrical detectors are simpler than those for rectangular designs. The goal of our work is to design a cylindrical coplanar grid detector with excellent resolution at low- and high-energy. Information on detector design and manufacturing is presented. Six detectors are characterized. The pulse height resolution of the best detector is 13.5 keV full width at half maximum (FWHM) at 662 keV and 5.5 keV FWHM at 122 keV. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prettyman, TH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E540, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Prettyman, Thomas/0000-0003-0072-2831 NR 6 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3254-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3768 BP 339 EP 347 DI 10.1117/12.366599 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BN97V UT WOS:000083737600035 ER PT S AU Brunett, BA Schlesinger, TE Toney, JE James, RB AF Brunett, BA Schlesinger, TE Toney, JE James, RB BE James, RB Schirato, RC TI Room-temperature photoluminescence mapping of CdZnTe detectors SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE CdZnTe; photoluminescence; spatial mapping; radiation detector; room temperature ID TELLURIDE AB We have used room temperature photoluminescence (RTPL) to correlate radiation detector performance with Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CdZnTe) material quality in previous work. Enhancements in the experimental apparatus and the analysis software now allow us to achieve higher spatial resolution along with PL lineshape analysis. We have examined several CdZnTe crystals previously characterized as radiation detectors with the new apparatus and report on the results of this analysis. A correlation has been observed between the pi, response and detector operation and, in addition, the effects of defects such as grain boundaries have been measured. A detailed description of the apparatus and the analysis method are presented along with experimental results. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brunett, BA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3254-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3768 BP 348 EP 358 DI 10.1117/12.366600 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BN97V UT WOS:000083737600036 ER PT S AU Brunett, BA Doyle, BL Franks, LA James, RB Olsen, RW Trombka, JI Vizkelthy, G Walsh, DS AF Brunett, BA Doyle, BL Franks, LA James, RB Olsen, RW Trombka, JI Vizkelthy, G Walsh, DS BE James, RB Schirato, RC TI Survey of radiation damage measurements in room temperature semiconductor radiation detectors SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE radiation damage; room temperature; semiconductor radiation detectors; cadmium zinc telluride; cadmium telluride; mercuric iodide ID X-RAY-DETECTORS; PIN DIODES; SILICON; RESISTANCE AB The literature of radiation damage measurements on cadmium zinc telluride (CZT), cadmium telluride (CT), and mercuric iodide (HgI2) is reviewed and supplemented in the case of CZT by new alpha particle data. CZT strip detectors exposed to intermediate energy (1.3 MeV) proton fluences exhibit increased interstrip leakage after 10(10) p/cm(2) and significant bulk leakage after 10(12) p/cm(2). CZT exposed to 200 MeV protons shows a two-fold loss in energy resolution after a fluence of 5x10(9) p/cm(2) in thick (3 mm) planar devices but little effect in 2 mm devices. No energy resolution effects were noted from moderated fission spectrum neutrons after fluences up to 10(10) n/cm(2), although activation was evident. Exposures of CZT to 5 MeV alpha particle at fluences up to 1.5x10(10) alpha/cm(2) produced a near linear decrease in peak position with fluence and increases in FWHM beginning at about 7.5x10(9) alpha/cm(2). CT detectors show resolution losses after fluences of 3x10(9) p/cm(2) at 33 MeV for chlorine-doped detectors. Indium doped material may be more resistant. Neutron exposures (8 MeV) caused resolution losses after fluences of 2 x 10(10) n/cm(2) Mercuric iodide has been studied with intermediate energy protons (10 to 33 MeV) at fluences up to 10(12) p/cm(2) and with 1.5 GeV protons at fluences up to 1.2x10(8) p/cm(2). Neutron exposures at 8 MeV have been reported at fluences up to 10(15) n/cm(2) No radiation damage was reported under these irradiation conditions. Leakage current coefficients (alpha) for PIN -silicon devices were found to be linear with fluence for neutron, proton, gamma ray, and electron exposures. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Brunett, BA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3254-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3768 BP 433 EP 441 DI 10.1117/12.366610 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BN97V UT WOS:000083737600045 ER PT S AU Wright, GW Chinn, DA Brunnett, BA Mescher, MA Lund, J Olsen, R Doty, FP Schlesienger, TE James, RB Chattopadyhay, K Wingfield, R Burger, A AF Wright, GW Chinn, DA Brunnett, BA Mescher, MA Lund, J Olsen, R Doty, FP Schlesienger, TE James, RB Chattopadyhay, K Wingfield, R Burger, A BE James, RB Schirato, RC TI Exploratory search for improved oxidizing agents used in the reduction of surface leakage currents of CdZnTe detectors SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE CZT; surface passivation; X-ray detectors ID TELLURIDE SURFACES; CADMIUM TELLURIDE; PASSIVATION AB We have studied the ability of different oxidizing agents, other than H2O2, to reduce the surface leakage current of CdZnTe devices. All chemical treatments were performed in aqueous solutions, at room temperature, with weight percent concentrations of 2.5g/25ml. Before and after I-V curves were obtained. It was found that by increasing the basicity of the chemical treatment, greater reduction in surface leakage current occurred. The results show that these alternative chemical treatments reduced the surface leakage current as well as or better than H2O2 chemical treatment. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Proc Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wright, GW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Proc Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3254-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3768 BP 481 EP 485 DI 10.1117/12.366617 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BN97V UT WOS:000083737600051 ER PT S AU Stromswold, DC Hansen, RR Peurrung, AJ Reeder, PL AF Stromswold, DC Hansen, RR Peurrung, AJ Reeder, PL BE James, RB Schirato, RC TI Using plastic scintillator for fission neutron detection SO HARD X-RAY, GAMMA-RAY, AND NEUTRON DETECTOR PHYSICS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics CY JUL 19-23, 1999 CL DENVER, CO SP SPIE DE plastic scintillator; fission neutron; fast neutron AB The difference in speed of fast neutrons (E-n-2 MeV) and gamma rays has been investigated as a mechanism for distinguishing neutron and gamma interactions in plastic scintillators. Successive scattering of neutrons in a scintillator results in pulses that are broader than those from gamma rays because of the longer time interval (similar to 3ns) between scatterings. However, the experimentally observed pulse widths for these neutrons appear to be insufficiently different from those of gamma rays to permit discrimination on a pulse-by-pulse basis. An alternate technique using scintillators separated by an air gap has also been investigated using time-of-flight measurements. For this configuration the efficiency for neutron detection has been measured along with the interference from gamma rays when sources emitting both neutrons and gamma rays are present. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Stromswold, DC (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999,MS P8-08, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3254-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3768 BP 507 EP 514 DI 10.1117/12.366623 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BN97V UT WOS:000083737600056 ER PT S AU Lloyd, WR Reuter, WG Weinberg, DM AF Lloyd, WR Reuter, WG Weinberg, DM BE Wang, A TI Crack growth monitoring in harsh environments by electrical potential measurements SO HARSH ENVIRONMENT SENSORS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Harsh Environment Sensors II CY SEP 19, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE electric potential measurement; crack growth monitoring; piping inspection; lifetime extension; plant safety; fracture mechanics; severe environments AB Electric potential measurement (EPM) technology offers an attractive alternative to conventional nondestructive evaluation (NDE) for monitoring crack growth in harsh environments. Where conventional NDE methods typically require localized human interaction, the EPM technique developed at Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) can be operated remotely and automatically. Once a crack-like defect is discovered via conventional means, EPM can be applied to monitor local crack size changes. This is of particular interest in situations where an identified structural defect is not immediately rejectable from a fitness-for-service viewpoint, but due to operational and environmental conditions may grow to an unsafe size with continuing operation. If the location is in a harsh environment where periodic monitoring by normal means is either too costly or not possible, a very expensive repair may be immediately mandated. However, the proposed EPM methodology may offer a unique monitoring capability that would allow for continuing service. INEEL has developed this methodology, supporting equipment, and calibration information to apply EPM in a field environment for just this purpose. Laboratory and pilot scale tests on full-size engineering structures (pressure vessels and piping) have been successfully performed. The technique is applicable in many severe environments because the sensitive equipment (electronics, operators) can be situated in a remote location, with only current and voltage probe electrical leads entering into the harsh environment. Experimental results showing the utility of the methodology are presented, and unique application concepts that have been examined by multiple experiments are discussed. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Lloyd, WR (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3445-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3852 BP 66 EP 73 DI 10.1117/12.372827 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BP35D UT WOS:000084810500007 ER PT S AU Kercel, SW Kisner, RA Klein, MB Bacher, GD Pouet, B AF Kercel, SW Kisner, RA Klein, MB Bacher, GD Pouet, B BE Wang, A TI In-process detection of weld defects using laser-based ultrasound SO HARSH ENVIRONMENT SENSORS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Harsh Environment Sensors II CY SEP 19, 1999 CL BOSTON, MA SP SPIE DE laser-based ultrasonic; weld inspection; on-line inspection; Bayesian; wavelet AB Laser-based ultrasonic (LBU) measurement shows great promise for on-line monitoring of weld quality in tailor-welded blanks. Tailor-welded blanks are steel blanks made from plates of differing thickness and/or properties butt-welded together; they are used in automobile manufacturing to produce body, frame, and closure panels. LEU uses a pulsed laser to generate the ultrasound and a continuous wave (CW) laser interferometer to detect the ultrasound at the point of interrogation to perform ultrasonic inspection LEU enables in-process measurements since there is no sensor contact or near-contact with the workpiece. The authors are using laser-generated plate (Lamb) waves to propagate from one plate into the weld nugget as a means of detecting defects. This paper reports the results of the investigation of a number of inspection architectures based on processing of signals from selected plate waves, which are either reflected from or transmitted through the weld zone. Bayesian parameter estimation and wavelet analysis (both continuous and discrete) have shown that the LBU time-series signal is readily separable into components that provide distinguishing features which describe weld quality. The authors anticipate that in an on-line industrial application, these measurements can be implemented just downstream from the weld cell. Then the weld quality data can be fed back to control critical weld parameters or alert the operator of a problem requiring maintenance. Internal weld defects and deviations from the desired surface profile can then be corrected before defective parts are produced. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kercel, SW (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3445-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1999 VL 3852 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1117/12.372829 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BP35D UT WOS:000084810500009 ER PT J AU Abelquist, EW Brown, WS AF Abelquist, EW Brown, WS TI Estimating minimum detectable concentrations achievable while scanning building surfaces and land areas SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE scanning; instrumentation; minimum detectable activity; survey meter AB Scanning is performed during radiological surveys to identify elevated levels of direct radiation. The levels detected depend on the surveyor's abilities and decision processes. A method is described for anticipating levels that surveyors might reasonably be expected to detect in scanning by estimating the increment in a survey instrument's counting rate that would be necessary to support specified limits on Type I and Type II error rates, taking into account the fact that human beings typically do not operate with perfect efficiency. The result is applied to calculations of minimum detectable concentrations (MDCs) achievable while scanning structure surfaces and land areas. The approaches used for determining scan MDCs are provided, along with examples for common radionuclide contaminants and field survey instrumentation. C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Environm Survey & Site Assessment Program, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Human Factors & Performance Anal Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 1999 VL 76 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1097/00004032-199901000-00002 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 152DA UT WOS:000077759400001 PM 9883941 ER PT S AU Atalay, M Sen, CK AF Atalay, M Sen, CK BE Das, DK TI Physical exercise and antioxidant defenses in the heart SO HEART IN STRESS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Heart in Stress-Jubilee Symposium in Conjunction with the 3rd International Congress of Pathophysiology CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 1998 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP UNESCO Global Network Molec & Cell Biol, Dainippon Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Japan, Inter-Hlth Neutraceut, Joel Ltd, Japan, Linc Pen & Plast Ltd, India, Oxygen Club California, Sanwell Co Ltd, Japan, Senju Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Sky Food Ltd Co, Japan, Taheebo Co Ltd, Japan, Toxicol Sect-Int Union Pharmacol ID SKELETAL-MUSCLE; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; VITAMIN-E; RAT-HEART; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE; TRAINED RATS; CORN-OIL; TISSUE; ENDURANCE AB Cardiac muscle relies highly on aerobic metabolism. Heart muscle has a high oxygen uptake at resting conditions, which increases many fold during exhaustive physical exercise. Such a high rate of oxidative metabolism is often associated with enhanced production of reactive oxygen metabolites. A single bout of strenuous exercise has been demonstrated to induce oxidative damage in heart. Such oxidant insult may lead to adaptive responses and strengthen antioxidant defenses in the heart tissue. Endurance exercise training has indeed been shown to upregulate heart tissue antioxidant defenses. Recently, we have observed that even predominantly anaerobic sprint training regimens may enhance cardiac antioxidant defenses, Regular physical exercise may beneficially influence cardiac antioxidant defenses and promote overall cardiac function. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energies Technol Div, Biol Technol Sect, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Kuopio, Dept Physiol, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. RP Sen, CK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energies Technol Div, Biol Technol Sect, Life Sci Addit,Bldg 20A,Room 251C,Mail Stop 3200, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sen, Chandan/A-8762-2013 NR 41 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-164-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1999 VL 874 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09234.x PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BN31V UT WOS:000081585700016 PM 10415530 ER PT S AU Veilleux, JM El-Genk, MS Chamberlin, EP Munson, C Fitzpatrick, J AF Veilleux, JM El-Genk, MS Chamberlin, EP Munson, C Fitzpatrick, J BE Fauchais, P VanDerMullen, J Heberlein, J TI Plasma decontamination of depleted uranium oxide from stainless steel surfaces SO HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER UNDER PLASMA CONDITIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Heat and Mass Transfer under Plasma Conditions CY APR 19-23, 1999 CL ANTALYA, TURKEY SP Middle E Tech Univ, Sci & Tech Res Council, Univ Limoges, Int Ctr Heat & Mass Transfer ID SILICON; NF3 AB A series of single effect, RF plasma, glow discharge experiments were conducted using NF3 gas to decontaminate depleted uranium dioxide from stainless-steel substrates. In the experiments, the plasma absorbed power was varied from 25 to 210 W, the pressure from similar to 10 to 40 Pa, and the NF3 flow rate from 3 to 18.5 SCCM. Results demonstrated that UO2 can be completely removed from stainless-steel substrates after several minutes processing at under 100 W with initial etch rates ranging from 0.2 to 7.4 mu m/min. A primary etch mechanism is proposed in which F atoms created in the plasma diffuse to the surface UO2 and react to form successive intermediates of uranium fluorides and/or oxyfluorides with reactions continuing to form the volatile UF6 which desorbs into the gas phase to be pumped away. Ions created in the plasma are too low in concentration to be the primary etch mechanism, yet they can deliver enough energy to enhance the reaction process. UO2 etching is a self-limiting process due to the formation of non-volatile uranium oxyfluorides and fluorides which form over the UO2, slowing or completely blocking the reaction to UF6. C1 Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Veilleux, JM (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Inst Space & Nucl Power Studies, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-234-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1999 VL 891 BP 174 EP 182 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08764.x PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Physics GA BP47N UT WOS:000085238400019 ER PT S AU Munson, FH AF Munson, FH BE Shepard, KW TI Completion of the ATLAS control system upgrade SO HEAVY ION ACCELERATOR TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAB AB In the fall of 1992 at the SNEAP (Symposium of North Eastern Accelerator Personnel) a project to upgrade the ATLAS (Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System) control system was first reported (1). Not unlike the accelerator it services the control system will continue to evolve. However, the first of this year has marked the completion of this most recent upgrade project. Since the control system upgrade took place during a period when ATLAS was operating at a record number of hours, special techniques were necessary to enable the development of the new control system "on line" while still serving the needs of nounal operations. This paper reviews the techniques used for upgrading the ATLAS control system while the system was in use. In addition a summary of the upgrade project and final configuration, as well as some of the features of the new control system is provided. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Munson, FH (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-806-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 473 BP 258 EP 266 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BM95G UT WOS:000080238400026 ER PT S AU Zinkann, GP Clifft, BE Nolen, JA Pardo, RC Rehm, CE Shen, WQ AF Zinkann, GP Clifft, BE Nolen, JA Pardo, RC Rehm, CE Shen, WQ BE Shepard, KW TI A very low intensity ion beam detector system SO HEAVY ION ACCELERATOR TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAB AB A new time-of-arrival (TOA) control system has been developed at the Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System (ATLAS) for very low intensity radioactive ion beams.. This new system utilizes a plastic scintillator which intercepts a small fraction of the beam edge particles and measures the time-of-arrival of a bunched beam at the entrance to the ATLAS superconducting linac after acceleration through the ATLAS 9MV tandem injector A radioactive Ni-56 beam has been accelerated through a 9MV tandem and then injected into a superconducting linear accelerator for further acceleration The detector has been successful at stabilizing the pre-tandem bunching system with beam currents as low as 2 x 10(4) particles per second. This paper will describe the electronic circuitry developed for this system and details about the control range and limits. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Zinkann, GP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-806-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 473 BP 279 EP 284 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BM95G UT WOS:000080238400029 ER PT S AU Xie, ZQ Cerny, J Guo, FQ Joosten, R Larimer, RM Lyneis, CM McMahan, P Norman, EB O'Neil, JP Powell, J Rowe, MW VanBrocklin, HF Wutte, D Xu, XJ Haustein, P AF Xie, ZQ Cerny, J Guo, FQ Joosten, R Larimer, RM Lyneis, CM McMahan, P Norman, EB O'Neil, JP Powell, J Rowe, MW VanBrocklin, HF Wutte, D Xu, XJ Haustein, P BE Shepard, KW TI Preliminary ionization efficiencies of C-11 and O-14 with the LBNL ECR ion sources SO HEAVY ION ACCELERATOR TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAB AB High charge states, up to fully stripped C-11 and O-14 ion, beams have been produced with the electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (LBNL ECR and AECR-U) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The radioactive atoms of C-11 and O-14 were collected in batch mode with an LN2 trap and then bled into the ECR ion sources, ionization efficiency as high as 11% for C-11(4+) was achieved. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Xie, ZQ (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-806-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 473 BP 312 EP 320 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BM95G UT WOS:000080238400032 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Alton, GD Meyer, FW AF Liu, Y Alton, GD Meyer, FW BE Shepard, KW TI ECR ion source developments at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO HEAVY ION ACCELERATOR TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAB ID FREQUENCY; COMPACT; DESIGN AB New techniques for enhancing the performances of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources are being investigated at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We have utilized the multiple discrete frequency technique to improve the charge state distributions extracted from conventional magnetic field geometry ECR source by injecting three frequencies into the source. A new fiat central magnetic field concept, has been incorporated in the designs of a compact all-permanent-magnet source for high charge-state ion beam generation and a compact electromagnetic source for singly ionized radioactive ion beam generation for use in the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) research program. A review of the three frequency injection experiments and descriptions of the design aspects of the "volume-type" ECR ion sources will be given in this report. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-806-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 473 BP 321 EP 329 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BM95G UT WOS:000080238400033 ER PT S AU Alton, GD Liu, Y Williams, C Murray, SN AF Alton, GD Liu, Y Williams, C Murray, SN BE Shepard, KW TI A high efficiency, kinetic-ejection negative ion source for RIB generation SO HEAVY ION ACCELERATOR TECHNOLOGY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAB AB Chemically active radioactive species, diffused from RIB target materials, often arrive at the ionization chamber of the source in a variety of molecular forms. Because of the low probability for simultaneously dissociating and efficiently ionizing the individual atomic constituents of molecules with conventional hot-cathode electron-impact ion sources, the species of interest are often distributed in several mass channels in the form of molecular side-band beams and consequently, their intensities are diluted. The sputter negative ion beam generation technique offers an efficient means for simultaneously dissociating and ionizing highly electronegative atomic species present in molecular carriers. We have incorporated these principles in the design and fabrication of a kinetic ejection negative ion source and evaluated its potential for generating (17,18)F(-) beams for the Holifield Radioactive ion Beam Facility astrophysics research program. The source utilizes Cs(+) beams to bombard condensable fluorine compounds that emanate from a target material, such as Al(2)O(3), and are transported to the cooled inner surface of a conical-geometry cathode where they are adsorbed. The energetic Cs(+) beams efficiently dissociate these molecules and sputter their constituents. Since the work functions of cesiated surfaces are low, highly electronegative species such as fluorine are efficiently ionized in the sputter-injection process. Measured efficiencies for ionizing atomic fluorine, dissociated from condensable compounds that are formed by reactions of SF(6) with fibrous Al(2)O(3) material, exceed 6.5%. In this report, we describe the mechanical design features and principles of operation, and present emittance, F(-) yield and ionization efficiency data derived from off-line, experimental evaluation of the source. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alton, GD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gda@ornl.gov; liuy@ornl.gov NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-806-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 473 BP 330 EP 340 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BM95G UT WOS:000080238400034 ER PT S AU Alton, GD Lohwasser, R Cui, B Bao, Y Zhang, T Reed, CA AF Alton, GD Lohwasser, R Cui, B Bao, Y Zhang, T Reed, CA BE Shepard, KW TI A high-intensity, RF plasma-sputter negative ion source SO HEAVY ION ACCELERATOR TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAB ID PULSED-MODE AB A high-intensity, plasma-sputter negative-ion source based on the use of RF power for plasma generation has been developed that can be operated in either pulsed or de modes. The source utilizes a high-Q, self-igniting, inductively coupled antenna system, operating at 80 MHz that has been optimized to generate Cs-seeded plasmas at low pressures (typically, < 1 mTorr for Xe). The source is equipped with a 19-mm diameter spherical-sector cathode machined from the desired material. To date, the source has been utilized to generate de negative-ion beams from a variety of species, including: C-(610 mu A); F-(100 mu A); Si-(500 mu A); S-(500 mu A); P-(125 mu A); Cl-(200 mu A); Ni-(150 mu A); Cu-(230 mu A): Ge-(125 mu A); As-(100 mu A); Se-(200 mu A); Ag-(70 mu A); Pt-(125 mu A); Au-(250 mu A). The normalized emittance epsilon(n) of the source at the 80% contour is: epsilon(n) = 7.5 mm.mrad.(MeV)(1/2). The design principles of the source, operational parameters, ion optics, emittance and intensities for a number of negative-ion species wi II be presented in this report. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alton, GD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-806-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 473 BP 341 EP 351 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BM95G UT WOS:000080238400035 ER PT S AU Alton, GD Cui, B Bao, Y Reed, CA Ball, JA Williams, C AF Alton, GD Cui, B Bao, Y Reed, CA Ball, JA Williams, C BE Shepard, KW TI A multi-sample Cs-sputter negative-ion source SO HEAVY ION ACCELERATOR TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAB ID HIGH-INTENSITY AB A multi-sample Cs sputter negative-ion source, equipped with a conical-geometry, W-surface-ionizer has been designed and fabricated that permits sample changes without disruption of on-line accelerator operation. Sample changing Is effected by actuating an electro-pneumatic control system located at ground potential that drives an air-motor-driven sample-indexing-system mounted at high voltage; this arrangement avoids complications associated with indexing mechanisms that rely on electronic power-supplies located at high potential. In-beam targets are identified by LED indicator lights derived from a fiber-optic, Gray-code target-position sensor. Aspects of the overall source design and details of the indexing mechanism along with operational parameters, ion optics, intensities, and typical emittances for a variety of negative-ion species will be presented in this report. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alton, GD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-806-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 473 BP 352 EP 359 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BM95G UT WOS:000080238400036 ER PT S AU Steski, DB AF Steski, DB BE Shepard, KW TI Ion source developments for the relativistic heavy ion collider SO HEAVY ION ACCELERATOR TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAB AB When the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory is completed in 1999, the Tandem Van de Graaff, using cesium sputter sources, will produce the gold ions. The sputter sources are operated in a unique pulsed beam mode that allows the injection into the tandem of 200 to 300 mu Amps of negative ions for up to 2 msec. This is several orders of magnitude higher instantaneous current than is possible in the direct current mode. These high current pulses have severe problems with space charge forces. The research to overcome the space charge forces has resulted in a 500 mu sec pulse containing 9x10(9) ions after acceleration in the tandem. This a three fold increase in intensity in the last three years. There is also growing interest in other ion species specifically iron, silicon, and uranium. The research to produce useable quantities of these ions is also presented. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Alternating Gradient Synchrotron Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Steski, DB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Alternating Gradient Synchrotron Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-806-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 473 BP 375 EP 383 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BM95G UT WOS:000080238400039 ER PT S AU Garrett, JD Alton, GD Auble, RL Baktash, C Beene, JR Bertrand, FE Fox, JD Gough, RA Halbert, ML Kalnins, JG Liu, Y Ogan, MW Plasil, F Shapira, D Spampinato, PT Staples, JW Wollnik, H Zisman, MS AF Garrett, JD Alton, GD Auble, RL Baktash, C Beene, JR Bertrand, FE Fox, JD Gough, RA Halbert, ML Kalnins, JG Liu, Y Ogan, MW Plasil, F Shapira, D Spampinato, PT Staples, JW Wollnik, H Zisman, MS BE Shepard, KW TI Plans for constructing a next-generation ISOL facility at ORNL SO HEAVY ION ACCELERATOR TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAB ID BEAM AB The U.S. Nuclear Science Community in its 1996 Long Range Plan identified an advanced radioactive ion beam (RIB) facility based on the ISOL technique as the next major facility to be constructed for U.S. nuclear physics. The proposed Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) for Oak Ridge National Laboratory, whose construction design funds have recently been appropriated, offers a unique opportunity for the construction of this new facility. Plans for extracting a proton beam from the SNS, transporting it to the RIB facility, and constructing the new RIB facility at the SNS site are discussed, as are the ISOL targets, radiation handling, isobaric separation, acceleration of beams of radioactive ions, and the layout of the experimental areas. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Garrett, JD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-806-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 473 BP 466 EP 476 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BM95G UT WOS:000080238400047 ER PT S AU Nolen, JA Shepard, KW Pardo, RC Savard, G Rehm, KE Schiffer, JP Henning, WF Jiang, CL Ahmad, I Back, BB Kaye, RA Petra, M Portillo, M Greene, JP Clifft, BE Specht, JR Janssens, RVF Siemssen, RH Gomes, I Reed, CB Hassanein, AM AF Nolen, JA Shepard, KW Pardo, RC Savard, G Rehm, KE Schiffer, JP Henning, WF Jiang, CL Ahmad, I Back, BB Kaye, RA Petra, M Portillo, M Greene, JP Clifft, BE Specht, JR Janssens, RVF Siemssen, RH Gomes, I Reed, CB Hassanein, AM BE Shepard, KW TI An advanced ISOL facility based on ATLAS SO HEAVY ION ACCELERATOR TECHNOLOGY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAB ID BEAM; DESIGN AB The Argonne concept for an accelerator complex for efficiently producing high-quality radioactive beams from ion source energy up to 6-15 MeV/u is described. The Isotope-Separator-On-Line (ISOL) method is used. A high-power driver accelerator produces radionuclides in a target that is closely coupled to an ion source and mass separator. By using a driver accelerator which can deliver a variety of beams and energies the radionuclide production mechanisms can be chosen to optimize yields for the species of interest. To effectively utilize the high beam power of the driver two-step target/ion source geometries are proposed: (1) Neutron production with intermediate energy deuterons on a primary target to produce neutron-rich fission products in a secondary U-238 target, and (2) Fragmentation of neutron-rich heavy ion beams such as O-18 in a target/catcher geometry. Heavy ion beams with total energies in the 1-10 GeV range are also available for radionuclide production via high-energy spallation reactions; At the present time R&D is in progress to develop superconducting resonator structures for a driver linac to cover the energy range up to 100 MeV per nucleon for heavy ions and 200 MeV for protons. The post accelerator scheme is based on using existing ISOL-type 1+ ion source technology followed by CW Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerators and superconducting linacs including the present ATLAS accelerator. A full-scale prototype of the first-stage RFQ has been successfully tested with RF at full design voltage and tests with ion beams are in progress. A benchmark beam, Sn-132 @ 7 MeV/u, requires two stripping stages, one a gas stripper at very low velocity after the first RFQ section, and one a foil stripper at higher velocity after a superconducting-linac injector. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nolen, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-806-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 473 BP 477 EP 489 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BM95G UT WOS:000080238400048 ER PT S AU Kaye, RA Shepard, KW Clifft, BE Kedzie, M AF Kaye, RA Shepard, KW Clifft, BE Kedzie, M BE Shepard, KW TI Beam tests of the 12 MHz RFQ RIB injector for ATLAS SO HEAVY ION ACCELERATOR TECHNOLOGY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology CY OCT 05-09, 1998 CL ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL HO ARGONNE NATL LAB AB In recent tests without beam, the Argonne 12 MHz split-coaxial radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) achieved a cw intervane voltage of more than 100 kV, the design operating voltage for the device. This voltage is sufficient for the RFQ to function as the first stage of a RIB injector for the Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System (ATLAS). Previously reported beam dynamics calculations for the structure predict longitudinal emittance growth of only a few keV ns for beams of mass 132 and above with transverse emittance of 0.27 pi mm.mrad (normalized). Such beam quality is not typical of RFQ devices. The work reported here is preparation for tests with beams of mass up to 132. Beam diagnostic stations are being developed to measure the energy gain and beam quality of heavy ions accelerated by the RFQ using the Dynamitron accelerator facility at the ANL Physics Division as the injector. Beam diagnostic development includes provisions for performing the measurements with both a Si charged-particle detector and an electrostatic energy spectrometer system. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kaye, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM kaye@anlphy.phy.anl.gov; clifft@anlphy.phy.anl.gov; kedzie@anl.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-806-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 473 BP 528 EP 535 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Spectroscopy SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BM95G UT WOS:000080238400054 ER PT S AU Pitts, KT AF Pitts, KT BE Cheung, HWK Butler, JN TI CP violation, mixing and rare decays at the Tevatron now and in run II SO HEAVY QUARKS AT FIXED TARGET SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Heavy Quarks at Fixed Target (HQ98) CY OCT, 1998 CL BATAVIA, IL ID P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; MESON AB We review the status of current B mixing and CP violation measurements from the Fermilab Tevatron. With the existing data sample, the CDF collaboration has made competitive measurements of B-d mixing; set limits on B-s(0) mixing; and has begun a direct search for CP violation in the B system through the decay B-0/<(B-0)over bar> --> J/psi K-s(0). The prospects for future b measurements at the Tevatron are discussed. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Pitts, KT (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-864-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 459 BP 55 EP 65 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM77P UT WOS:000079731000005 ER PT S AU James, C Burnstein, RA Chakravorty, A Chan, A Chen, YC Choong, WS Clark, K Dukes, EC Durandet, C Felix, J Fuzesy, R Gidal, G Gustafson, HR Ho, C Holmstrom, T Huang, M Jenkins, M Kaplan, DM Lederman, LM Leros, N Longo, MJ Lopez, F Luebke, W Luk, KB Moreno, G Nelson, K Papavassiliou, V Perroud, JP Rajaram, D Rubin, HA Sosa, M Teng, PK Turko, B Volk, J White, CG White, SL Zyla, P AF James, C Burnstein, RA Chakravorty, A Chan, A Chen, YC Choong, WS Clark, K Dukes, EC Durandet, C Felix, J Fuzesy, R Gidal, G Gustafson, HR Ho, C Holmstrom, T Huang, M Jenkins, M Kaplan, DM Lederman, LM Leros, N Longo, MJ Lopez, F Luebke, W Luk, KB Moreno, G Nelson, K Papavassiliou, V Perroud, JP Rajaram, D Rubin, HA Sosa, M Teng, PK Turko, B Volk, J White, CG White, SL Zyla, P BE Cheung, HWK Butler, JN TI CP violation in strange baryon decays: A report from Fermilab experiment 871 SO HEAVY QUARKS AT FIXED TARGET SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Heavy Quarks at Fixed Target (HQ98) CY OCT, 1998 CL BATAVIA, IL ID HYPERON DECAYS; INVARIANCE; NONCONSERVATION AB Fermilab experiment 871, HyperCP, is a search for direct CP violation in Xi and Lambda hyperon decays. A non-zero value in the asymmetry parameter A, defined in terms of the decay parameter products alpha(Xi)alpha(Lambda) and alpha(Xi)alpha(<(Lambda)over bar>), would be unambiguous evidence for direct CP violation. The first data-taking run finished at the end of 1997 and accumulated over one billion Xi(-) and <(Xi)over bar>(+) decays. A sensitivity in A of approximate to 10(-4) is expected. A review of CP violation in hyperon decays is given, the HyperCP detector is described, and the status of the data analysis is discussed. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP James, C (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-864-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 459 BP 107 EP 115 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM77P UT WOS:000079731000010 ER PT S AU Cheung, HWK AF Cheung, HWK BE Cheung, HWK Butler, JN TI Review of charm and beauty lifetimes SO HEAVY QUARKS AT FIXED TARGET SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Heavy Quarks at Fixed Target (HQ98) CY OCT, 1998 CL BATAVIA, IL ID P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; HADRON LIFETIMES; MESON LIFETIMES; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; DECAYS; B-S(0) AB A review of the latest experimental results on charm and beauty particle lifetimes is presented together with a brief summary of measurement methods used for beauty particle lifetime measurements. There have been significant updates to the D-s(+)/D-0, B+/B-d(0) and Lambda(b)(0)/B-d(0) lifetime rations which have some theoretical implications. However more precise measurements are still needed before one can make conclusive statements about the theory used to calculate the particle lifetimes. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Cheung, HWK (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-864-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 459 BP 291 EP 300 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM77P UT WOS:000079731000028 ER PT S AU Jensen, DA AF Jensen, DA CA KTeV Collaboration BE Cheung, HWK Butler, JN TI An overview of hyperon physics in KTeV SO HEAVY QUARKS AT FIXED TARGET SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Heavy Quarks at Fixed Target (HQ98) CY OCT, 1998 CL BATAVIA, IL AB There is a relatively large flux of hyperons in the kaon beams in KTeV. These hyperons, particularly the Xi(0), provide a rich opportunity fur the study of hyperon physics. a general overview of the broad range of hyperon physics being studied at KTeV is presented. The results are based largely on Xi(0) decays, both the study of the Xi(0), and using the Xi(0) as a source of Sigma(0)s and of Lambda s. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Jensen, DA (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-864-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 459 BP 314 EP 323 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM77P UT WOS:000079731000030 ER PT S AU Kronfeld, AS AF Kronfeld, AS BE Cheung, HWK Butler, JN TI Lattice QCD calculations of leptonic and semileptonic decays SO HEAVY QUARKS AT FIXED TARGET SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Heavy Quarks at Fixed Target (HQ98) CY OCT, 1998 CL BATAVIA, IL ID B-MESON; STATIC APPROXIMATION; WILSON FERMIONS; CONTINUUM-LIMIT; FORM-FACTORS; CONSTANTS; COMPUTATION; NRQCD; PARAMETER; F(B) AB In lattice QCD, obtaining properties of heavy-light mesons has been easier said than done. Focusing on the B meson's decay constant, it is argued that towards the end of 1997 the last obstacles were removed, at least in the quenched approximation. These developments, which resulted from a fuller understanding and implementation of ideas in effective field theory, bode well for current studies of neutral meson mixing and of semileptonic decays. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-864-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 459 BP 355 EP 365 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM77P UT WOS:000079731000034 ER PT S AU Kettell, S AF Kettell, S CA E787 Collaboration E949 Collaboration BE Cheung, HWK Butler, JN TI Evidence for K+->pi(+)nu(nu)over-bar SO HEAVY QUARKS AT FIXED TARGET SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Heavy Quarks at Fixed Target (HQ98) CY OCT, 1998 CL BATAVIA, IL ID LONG-DISTANCE CONTRIBUTION; ENDCAP PHOTON DETECTOR; RARE KAON DECAYS; 500 MHZ; ENERGY AB The decay K+ --> pi(+)nu(nu)over-bar has been observed for the first time. The E787 experiment has presented evidence for the K+ --> pi(+)nu(nu)over-bar decay, based on the observation of a single clean event from data collected during the 1995 run of the AGS (Alternating Gradient Synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory). The branching ratio indicated by this observation, B(K+ --> pi(+)nu(nu)over-bar) = 4.2(-3.5)(+9.7) x 10(-10), is consistent with the Standard Model expectation although the central experimental value is four times larger. The final E787 data sample, from the 1995-99 runs, should reach a sensitivity of about eight times that of the 1995 run alone. A new experiment, E949, has been approved to run, starting in the year 2000, and is expected to achieve a sensitivity of more than an order of magnitude below the prediction of the Standard Model. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kettell, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-864-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 459 BP 421 EP 430 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM77P UT WOS:000079731000040 ER PT S AU Kwan, SWL AF Kwan, SWL BE Cheung, HWK Butler, JN TI Review of rare decays and CP violation in charm. SO HEAVY QUARKS AT FIXED TARGET SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Heavy Quarks at Fixed Target (HQ98) CY OCT, 1998 CL BATAVIA, IL ID D-MESON DECAYS; SEARCH; D-0->MU(+)MU(-); ASYMMETRIES; SYSTEM AB A review of current experimental results on rare and forbidden decays, and searches for CP violation in charm decay is presented. Future prospects will be discussed. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Kwan, SWL (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-864-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 459 BP 441 EP 450 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM77P UT WOS:000079731000042 ER PT S AU Quigg, C AF Quigg, C BE Cheung, HWK Butler, JN TI Perspectives on Heavy Quark 98 SO HEAVY QUARKS AT FIXED TARGET SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Heavy Quarks at Fixed Target (HQ98) CY OCT, 1998 CL BATAVIA, IL AB I summarize and comment upon some highlights of HQ98, the Workshop on Heavy Quarks (strange, charm, and beauty) at Fixed Target. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Quigg, C (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-864-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 459 BP 485 EP 488 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM77P UT WOS:000079731000046 ER PT S AU Lidia, SM Anderson, DE Eylon, S Henestroza, E Houck, TL Westenskow, GA Vanecek, DL Yu, SS AF Lidia, SM Anderson, DE Eylon, S Henestroza, E Houck, TL Westenskow, GA Vanecek, DL Yu, SS BE Phillips, RM TI Relativistic-klystron two-beam accelerator as a power source for future linear colliders SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY MICROWAVES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy Density Microwaves CY OCT, 1998 CL PAJARO DUNES, CA ID FREE-ELECTRON-LASER; 2-BEAM ACCELERATOR AB The technical challenge for making two-beam accelerators into realizable power sources for high-energy colliders lies in the creation of the drive beam and in its propagation over long distances through multiple extraction sections. This year we have been constructing a 1.2-kA, 1-MeV, induction gun for a prototype relativistic klystron two-beam accelerator (RK-TBA). The electron source will be a 8.9 cm diameter, thermionic, flat-surface cathode with a maximum shroud field stress of approximately 165 kV/cm. Additional design parameters for the injector include a pulse length of over 150-ns flat top (1% energy variation), and a normalized edge emittance of less than 300 pi-mm-mr. The prototype accelerator will be used to study physics, engineering, and costing issues involved in the application of the RK-TBA concept to linear colliders. We have also been studying optimization parameters, such as frequency, for the application of the RK-TBA concept to multi-TeV linear colliders. As an rf power source the RK-TBA scales favorably up to frequencies around 35 GHz. An overview of this work with details of the design and performance of the prototype injector, beam line, and diagnostics will be presented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lidia, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-796-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 474 BP 13 EP 22 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BN13E UT WOS:000080797900002 ER PT S AU Sprehn, D Caryotakis, G Jongewaard, E Phillips, R AF Sprehn, D Caryotakis, G Jongewaard, E Phillips, R BE Phillips, RM TI Periodic permanent magnet development for linear collider X-band klystrons SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY MICROWAVES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy Density Microwaves CY OCT, 1998 CL PAJARO DUNES, CA AB The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) klystron group is currently designing, fabricating and testing 11.424 GHz klystrons with peak output powers from 50 to 75 MW at 1 to 2 mu s rf pulsewidths as part of an effort to realize components necessary for the construction of the Next Linear Collider (NLC). In order to eliminate the projected operational-year energy bill for klystron solenoids, Periodic Permanent Magnet (PPM) focusing has been employed on our latest X-band klystron designs. A PPM beam tester has operated at the same repetition rate, voltage and average beam power required for a 75-MW NLC klystron. Prototype 50 and 75-MW PPM klystrons were built and tested during 1996 and 1997 which operate from 50 to 70 MW at efficiencies greater than 55 %. Construction and testing of 75-MW research klystrons will continue while the design and reliability is perfected. This paper will discuss the design of these PPM klystrons and the results of testing to date along with future plans for the development of a low-cost Design for Manufacture (DFM) 75-MW klystron and invitation for industry participation. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Sprehn, D (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-796-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 474 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1063/1.59036 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BN13E UT WOS:000080797900004 ER PT S AU Caryotakis, G Scheitrum, G Jongewaard, E Vlieks, A Fowkes, R Song, LQ Li, J AF Caryotakis, G Scheitrum, G Jongewaard, E Vlieks, A Fowkes, R Song, LQ Li, J BE Phillips, RM TI High power W-band klystrons SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY MICROWAVES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy Density Microwaves CY OCT, 1998 CL PAJARO DUNES, CA AB The development of W-band klystrons is discussed. Modeling of the klystron performance predicts 100 kW output power from a single klystron. The permanent magnet focusing and small size of the circuit permit combination of multiple klystrons in a module. A six-klystron module in a single vacuum envelope is expected to produce 500 kW peak power and up to 5 kW average power. The critical issues in the W-band klystron development are the electron beam transport and the fabrication of the klystron circuit. Two microfabrication techniques, EDM and LIGA, are being evaluated to produce the W-band circuit. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Caryotakis, G (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-796-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 474 BP 59 EP 73 DI 10.1063/1.59033 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BN13E UT WOS:000080797900007 ER PT S AU Colby, ER Caryotakis, G Fowkes, WR Smithe, DN AF Colby, ER Caryotakis, G Fowkes, WR Smithe, DN BE Phillips, RM TI W-band sheet beam klystron simulation SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY MICROWAVES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy Density Microwaves CY OCT, 1998 CL PAJARO DUNES, CA ID ELECTRON-BEAMS; PROPAGATION AB With the development of ever higher energy particle accelerators comes the need for compactness and high gradient, which in turn require very high frequency high power rf sources. Recent development work in W-band accelerating techniques has spurred the development of a high-power PI-band source. Axisymmetric sources suffer from fundamental power output limitations (P(sat)similar to lambda(2)) brought on by the conflicting requirements of small beam sizes and high beam current. The sheet beam klystron allows for an increase in beam current without substantial increase in the beam current density, allowing for reduced cathode current densities and focussing field strengths. Initial simulations of a 20:I aspect ratio sheet beam/cavity interaction using the 3 dimensional particle-in-cell code Magic3D have demonstrated a 35% beam-power to RP power extraction efficiency. Calculational work and numerical simulations leading to a prototype W-band sheet beam klystron will be presented, together with preliminary cold test structure studies of a proposed RF cavity geometry. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Colby, ER (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 25 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-796-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 474 BP 74 EP 90 PG 17 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BN13E UT WOS:000080797900008 ER PT S AU Fazio, MV Erickson, GA AF Fazio, MV Erickson, GA BE Phillips, RM TI Advanced concepts for high power RF generation using solid state materials SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY MICROWAVES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on High Energy Density Microwaves CY OCT, 1998 CL PAJARO DUNES, CA C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-796-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 474 BP 279 EP 279 DI 10.1063/1.59018 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BN13E UT WOS:000080797900029 ER PT S AU Fowkes, WR Callin, RS Jongewaard, EN Sprehn, DW Tantawi, SG Vlieks, AE AF Fowkes, WR Callin, RS Jongewaard, EN Sprehn, DW Tantawi, SG Vlieks, AE BE Phillips, RM TI Recent advances in high power rf windows at X-band SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY MICROWAVES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy Density Microwaves CY OCT, 1998 CL PAJARO DUNES, CA AB The peak rf power levels produced by advanced high frequency power sources is beyond the level that can safely be transmitted through a single rf window of conventional design. New approaches are required to keep the rf electric fields at a managable level in the vicinity of the rf window. This paper describes some of the recent rf window design considerations and test results. Included are rf windows using one or more of the following features: over-moded dimensions, multiple modes, rf corona shields, and forced electric field reduction. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Fowkes, WR (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-796-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 474 BP 289 EP 295 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BN13E UT WOS:000080797900031 ER PT S AU Tantawi, SG AF Tantawi, SG BE Phillips, RM TI The design and analysis of multi-megawatt distributed single pole double throw (SPDT) microwave switches SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY MICROWAVES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy Density Microwaves CY OCT, 1998 CL PAJARO DUNES, CA AB We present design methodology and analysis for an SPDT switch that is capable of handling hundreds of megawatts of power at X-band. The switch is designed for application in high power rf systems in particular future Linear Colliders (1). In these systems switching need to be fast in one direction only. We use this to our advantage to reach a design for a super high power switch. In our analysis we treat the problem from an abstract point of view. We introduce a unified analysis for the microwave circuits irrespective of the switching elements. The analysis is,chen, suitable for different kinds of switching elements such as photoconductrs, PIN diodes, and plasma discharge in low-pressure gases. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. RP Tantawi, SG (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-796-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 474 BP 296 EP 303 DI 10.1063/1.59020 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BN13E UT WOS:000080797900032 ER PT S AU Pritzkau, DP Bowden, GB Menegat, A Siemann, RH AF Pritzkau, DP Bowden, GB Menegat, A Siemann, RH BE Phillips, RM TI Possible high power limitations from RF pulsed heating SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY MICROWAVES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy Density Microwaves CY OCT, 1998 CL PAJARO DUNES, CA AB One of the possible limitations to achieving high power in RF structures is damage to metal surfaces due to RF pulsed heating. Such damage may lead to degradation of RF performance. An experiment to study RF pulsed heating on copper has been developed at SLAG. The experiment consists of operating two pillbox cavities in the TE011 mode using a 50 MW X-Band klystron. The estimated temperature rise of the surface of copper is 350 degrees C for a power input of 20 MW to each cavity with a pulse length of 1.5 mu s. Preliminary results from an experiment performed earlier are presented. A revised design for continued experiments is also presented along with relevant theory and calculations. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Pritzkau, DP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-796-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 474 BP 387 EP 398 DI 10.1063/1.59027 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BN13E UT WOS:000080797900041 ER PT S AU Caplan, M Verhoeven, AGA Urbanus, W AF Caplan, M Verhoeven, AGA Urbanus, W BE Phillips, RM TI Latest developments on the Dutch 1MW Free Electron Maser SO HIGH ENERGY DENSITY MICROWAVES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Conference on High Energy Density Microwaves CY OCT, 1998 CL PAJARO DUNES, CA C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-796-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1999 VL 474 BP 452 EP 452 DI 10.1063/1.59045 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BN13E UT WOS:000080797900045 ER PT B AU Li, H Colgate, SA Kusunose, M Lovelace, RVE AF Li, H Colgate, SA Kusunose, M Lovelace, RVE BE Poutanen, J Svensson, R TI On the particle heating and acceleration in black hole accretion systems SO HIGH ENERGY PROCESSES IN ACCRETING BLACK HOLES SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on High Energy Processes in Accreting Black Holes CY JUN 29-JUL 04, 1998 CL GRAFTAVALLEN, SWEDEN SP Nord Inst Theoret Phys, Copenhagen, Theoret Astrophys Ctr, Copenhagen, Nord Acad Adv Studies, Swedish Nat Sci Res Council, Wennergren Fdn Scientif Res, Anna Greta & Holger Crafoord Fund ID ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; MAGNETIC-FIELD; DISKS; FLOWS; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; RECONNECTION; INSTABILITY; CANDIDATES; SPECTRUM AB The lack of our knowledge on how angular momentum is transported in accretion disks around black holes has prevented us from fully understanding their high energy emissions. We briefly highlight some theoretical models, emphasizing the energy flow and electron energization processes. More questions and uncertainties are raised from a plasma physics point of view. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-6,MS B288, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-81-3 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1999 VL 161 BP 349 EP 360 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BN27T UT WOS:000081412100035 ER PT S AU Rawers, J Krabbe, R Cook, D AF Rawers, J Krabbe, R Cook, D BE Hanninen, H Hertzman, S Romu, J TI Nitrogen addition to bcc-Fe by attrition milling SO HIGH NITROGEN STEELS '98 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Nitrogen Steels CY MAY 27-28, 1998 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Helsinki Univ, Swedish Inst Mat Res DE attrition milling; nitrogen; bcc-Fe; bct-Fe; iron-alloying; nanostructure AB To enhance the nitrogen solubility in bcc-Fe, iron powder and blends of iron and iron nitride powders were attrition-milled in nitrogen gas. X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy were used to characterize the milled microstructure and to characterize the nitrogen distribution. After processing for 150 hours, the infused nitrogen was determined to be interstitial (locally deforming the bcc-Fe lattice to a bct-Fe lattice) and associated with the outer layer of the bcc-Fe nanograin. Nitrogen stabilized the milled grain structure but at elevated temperatures rapidly came to thermodynamical equilibrium transforming from bcc-Fe(N) to bcc-Fe and Fe4N. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Rawers, J (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-843-5 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 318-3 BP 695 EP 700 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ55N UT WOS:000088746300094 ER PT S AU Nadutov, VM Garamus, VM Rawers, JC AF Nadutov, VM Garamus, VM Rawers, JC BE Hanninen, H Hertzman, S Romu, J TI Mossbauer and small-angle neutron scattering study of Fe-powder mechanically alloyed in nitrogen and argon gas environment SO HIGH NITROGEN STEELS '98 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Nitrogen Steels CY MAY 27-28, 1998 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Helsinki Univ, Swedish Inst Mat Res DE Fe-powder; nitrogen; mechanical alloying; Mossbauer spectroscopy; small-angle neutron scattering ID PHASE-SEPARATION; SOLID-SOLUTIONS AB Fe-powder after mechanical alloying in N and Ar gases in high energy ball mill was studied by means of Mossbauer spectroscopy to characterize the change in the local iron environment. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to examine the character of inhomogeneities in the mechanically processed alloyed iron powder. C1 Natl Acad Sci, G Kurdyumov Inst Met Phys, UA-252680 Kiev, Ukraine. GKSS Res Ctr, DE-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. Joint Nucl Res Inst, Frank Lab Neutron Phys, RU-141980 Dubna, Russia. US Bur Mines, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Nadutov, VM (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci, G Kurdyumov Inst Met Phys, 36 Vernadsky Blvd, UA-252680 Kiev, Ukraine. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-843-5 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 318-3 BP 715 EP 720 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ55N UT WOS:000088746300097 ER PT S AU Rawers, J Uggowitzer, P AF Rawers, J Uggowitzer, P BE Hanninen, H Hertzman, S Romu, J TI Characterization of Fe-C/N steel SO HIGH NITROGEN STEELS '98 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on High Nitrogen Steels CY MAY 27-28, 1998 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Helsinki Univ, Swedish Inst Mat Res DE iron; carbon; nitrogen; microstructure; characterization; HIP-Drip ID NITROGEN AB A new processing technique produced iron-carbon-nitrogen solid-solution alloys. The technique reduced the time necessary for nitro en addition by adding nitrogen under elevated nitro en pressure to a Fe-C alloy at the point of melting. Carbon and nitrogen levels in excess of 0.5wt% resulted in solid-solution Fe-C/N alloys with no carbide or nitride precipitates, but with the retention of fcc-Fe phase. The knee of the Time-Temperature-Transformation curve shifted to longer times. Hardness, compression strength, and wear resistance increased with increasing nitrogen concentration and were superior to iron-carbon alloys without the nitrogen addition. C1 US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Met, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Rawers, J (reprint author), US DOE, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RI Uggowitzer, Peter/H-3581-2012 OI Uggowitzer, Peter/0000-0002-9504-5652 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-843-5 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1999 VL 318-3 BP 757 EP 762 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BQ55N UT WOS:000088746300102 ER EF