FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Anderson, CW Appella, E Sakaguchi, K AF Anderson, CW Appella, E Sakaguchi, K TI Posttranslational modifications involved in the DNA damage response. SO JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Methods in Protein Structure Analysis CY SEP 05-10, 1998 CL HALKIDIKI, GREECE C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NCI, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Anderson, CW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PUBL CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0277-8033 J9 J PROTEIN CHEM JI J. Protein Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 17 IS 6 BP 527 EP 527 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 112LQ UT WOS:000075496500021 PM 9723732 ER PT J AU McDonald, RJ Smith, AR Hurley, DL Norman, EB AF McDonald, RJ Smith, AR Hurley, DL Norman, EB TI Use of low-background instrumental neutron activation analysis to measure contaminants in silicon and biological samples SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Amer Nucl Soc, Isotopes & Radiat Div, Amer Nucl Soc, Biol & Med Div, Canadian Nucl Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Nucl Chem & Technol AB Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) is a common method of trace element analysis whose sensitivity is limited either by interference from other trace elements in the sample or by interference from ambient background radiation in the detection system. In at least two cases, a true low-background facility, such as that at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, substantially enhances sensitivity: (1) Ultra-pure silicon, such as that used in semiconductor fabrication. Even after prolonged exposure within a nuclear reactor, minimal observable gamma-ray emitting activities are produced in the silicon. Extrapolated from our 7 gram sample size experiments, parts-per-quadrillion (1.E-15) sensitivity to 23 elements should be obtainable for 400 gram sample sizes. (2) Similarly, the life elements H, C, N, O are effectively inert within the reactor, and this enhances sensitivity to trace elements in, for example, bacteria. Data will be presented for these two cases. C1 Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP McDonald, RJ (reprint author), Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 72-150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 36 DI 10.1007/BF02389743 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 118XT UT WOS:000075866800006 ER PT J AU McAninch, JE Marchetti, AA Bergquist, BA Stoyer, NJ Nimz, GJ Caffee, MW Finkel, RC Moody, KJ Sideras-Haddad, E Buchholz, BA Esser, BK Proctor, ID AF McAninch, JE Marchetti, AA Bergquist, BA Stoyer, NJ Nimz, GJ Caffee, MW Finkel, RC Moody, KJ Sideras-Haddad, E Buchholz, BA Esser, BK Proctor, ID TI Detection of Tc-99 by accelerator mass spectrometry: Preliminary investigations SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Amer Nucl Soc, Isotopes & Radiat Div, Amer Nucl Soc, Biol & Med Div, Canadian Nucl Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Nucl Chem & Technol ID ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; TECHNETIUM AB Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is an established technique for the detection of long-lived radionuclides at environmental levels. At LLNL, planned facility upgrades and advances in detection techniques are allowing us to explore the applicability of AMS to isotopes not previously pursued. One such isotope is Tc-99. We have performed a number of preliminary tests to examine the technical feasibility of AMS for the detection of Tc-99. The questions addressed were negative ion production in the cesium sputter source, transport efficiency for the ions through the spectrometer, and detection efficiency for Tc-99 ions after the spectrometer. Based on the positive results of these tests, we have begun to develop a measurement protocol. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP McAninch, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Buchholz, Bruce/G-1356-2011; Esser, Bradley/G-4283-2010; Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Esser, Bradley/0000-0002-3219-4298; Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 129 DI 10.1007/BF02389759 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 118XT UT WOS:000075866800022 ER PT J AU Meeks, AM Giaquinto, JM Keller, JM AF Meeks, AM Giaquinto, JM Keller, JM TI Application of ICP-MS radionuclide analysis to "Real World" samples of Department of Energy radioactive waste SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL KAILUA KONA, HI SP Amer Nucl Soc, Isotopes & Radiat Div, Amer Nucl Soc, Biol & Med Div, Canadian Nucl Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Nucl Chem & Technol AB Disposal of Department of Energy (DOE) radioactive waste into repositories such as the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) and the Nevada Test Site (NTS) requires characterization to ensure regulatory and transportation requirements ate met and to collect information regarding chemistry of the waste for processing concerns. Recent addition of an inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometer in a radioactive contaminated laboratory at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has allowed the evaluation of advantages of using ICP-MS over traditional techniques for some of these characterization needs. The measurement of long-lived beta nuclides (i.e. Tc-99) by ICP-MS has resulted in improved detection limits and accuracy than the traditional counting techniques as well as reducing the need for separation/purification techniques which increase personnel exposure to radiation. Using ICP-MS for the measurement of U isotopes versus the traditional Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometer (TIMS) technique has reduced cost and time by more than half while still maintaining the needed accuracy to determine risk assessment of the waste tanks. In addition, the application of ICP-MS to ORNL waste tank characterization has provided the opportunity to estimate non-routine radionuclides (i.e. Cs-135 and Sm-151) and non-routine metals (i.e. Li, Ti, rare earths, etc.) using a rapid low cost screening method. These application methodologies and proficiencies on ORNL waste samples are summarized throughout the paper. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Radioact Mat Analyt Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Radioact Mat Analyt Lab, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM a22@ornl.gov NR 7 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 135 DI 10.1007/BF02389760 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 118XT UT WOS:000075866800023 ER PT J AU Giaquinto, JM Keller, JM Meeks, AM AF Giaquinto, JM Keller, JM Meeks, AM TI Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer installation modifications in a radioactive contaminated laboratory for the analysis of DOE radioactive waste streams SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Amer Nucl Soc, Isotopes & Radiat Div, Amer Nucl Soc, Biol & Med Div, Canadian Nucl Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Nucl Chem & Technol AB The operation and maintenance of a complex analytical instrument such as an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer in a radioactive contaminated environment presents unique problems and challenges that have to be considered in the purchasing and installation process. Considerations such as vendor experience, typical radiation levels, sample matrices encountered during sample analysis, instrument accessability for maintenance, and upkeep must be incorporated into the decision process. The Radioactive Materials Analytical Laboratory (RMAL) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) recently purchased and installed an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer for the analysis of Department of Energy (DOE) radioactive waste streams. This presentation will outline the purchasing decision, installation of the instrument, and how the modifications needed to operate in a radioactive contaminated laboratory do not significantly impact the daily operation and maintenance requirements of the instrument. Also, a contamination survey of the system will be presented which demonstrates the contamination levels in the instrument from the sample introduction system to the detector. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Radioact Mat Analyt Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Giaquinto, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Radioact Mat Analyt Lab, Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 137 EP 141 DI 10.1007/BF02389761 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 118XT UT WOS:000075866800024 ER PT J AU Farmer, OT Barinaga, CJ Koppenaal, DW AF Farmer, OT Barinaga, CJ Koppenaal, DW TI Determination of I-129 in ambient air by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Amer Nucl Soc, Isotopes & Radiat Div, Amer Nucl Soc, Biol & Med Div, Canadian Nucl Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Nucl Chem & Technol AB The detection of I-129 by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS) in environmental samples can be used to determine anthropogenic release of this long-lived radionuclide, which is a definitive indicator of certain nuclear activities. By using selective precipitation techniques with on-line ICP/MS detection, low levels of I-129 can be detected. The major interference for the ICP/MS detection of I-129 is due the presence of natural Xe-129 found in water samples at a concentration of about 1 ng/ml. This work will demonstrate a instrument detection of less than 50 fg I-129 from environmental air samples and shows promise for a rugged ICP/MS technique to monitor I-129 levels in ambient air for nonproliferation monitoring purposes. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Koppenaal, DW (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999,MS P8-08, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1007/BF02389764 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 118XT UT WOS:000075866800027 ER PT J AU Bibler, NE Kinard, WF Boyce, WT Coleman, CJ AF Bibler, NE Kinard, WF Boyce, WT Coleman, CJ TI Determination of long-lived fission products and actinides in Savannah River Site HLW sludge and glass for waste acceptance SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Amer Nucl Soc, Isotopes & Radiat Div, Amer Nucl Soc, Biol & Med Div, Canadian Nucl Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Nucl Chem & Technol AB Savannah River Site (SRS) is immobilizing the radioactive, high-level waste sludge in Tank 51 into a borosilicate glass for disposal in a geologic repository. A requirement for repository acceptance is that SRS report the concentrations cf certain fission product and actinide radionuclides in the glass. This paper presents measurements of many of these concentrations in both Tank 51 sludge and the final glass. The radionuclides were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and alpha, beta, and gamma counting methods. Examples of the radionuclides are Sr-90, Cs-137, U-238 and, Pu-239. Concentrations in the glass are 3.1 times lower due to dilution of the sludge with a nonradio-active glass forming frit in the vitrification process. Results also indicated that in both the sludge and glass the relative concentrations of the long lived fission products insoluble in caustic are in proportion to their yields from the fission of U-235 waste in the SRS reactors. This allowed the calculation of a fission yield scaling factor. This factor in addition to the sludge dilution factor can be used to estimate concentrations of waste acceptance radionuclides that cannot be measured in the glass. Examples of these radionuclides are Se-79, Zr-93, and Pd-107. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Coll Charleston, Dept Chem, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. RP Bibler, NE (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1007/BF02389765 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 118XT UT WOS:000075866800028 ER PT J AU Wyse, EJ MacLellan, JA Lindenmeier, CW Bramson, JP Koppenaal, DW AF Wyse, EJ MacLellan, JA Lindenmeier, CW Bramson, JP Koppenaal, DW TI Actinide bioassays by ICPMS SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Amer Nucl Soc, Isotopes & Radiat Div, Amer Nucl Soc, Biol & Med Div, Canadian Nucl Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Nucl Chem & Technol ID PLASMA-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RADIONUCLIDES AB The ever-increasing sensitivity of ICPMS continues to expand the technique's application in the field of health physics. Enhancements in sample introduction and instrument design over the last few years have resulted in improving the ICPMS detection limit from -10 ng/l to less than or equal to 0.1 ng/l. This additional sensitivity provides greater flexibility in the analysis of long-lived radionuclides in biological fluids, and requires only minimal sample preparation of urine for uranium analysis; the described 3-minute abbreviated matrix separation provides detection limits that are comparable to or better than alpha counting. For urine samples tested having concentrations that exceed the accepted administrative limit for total uranium (0.2 mu g/day), isotopic analysis by ICPMS (e.g., determining the presence of U-236, Or measuring appropriate uranium isotope ratios) provides a reliable indication of occupational exposure. Our laboratory also utilizes ICPMS in a study examining uranium dissolution rate classification of dust collected at the perimeter of a nuclear facility. Specific details regarding these and other health physics applications are featured including our group's participation in assisting the DOE with the evaluation of ICPMS as a cost-effective alternative to fission-track analysis for the routine determination of Pu-239 in urine. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wyse, EJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999,MS P8-08, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ej_wyse@pnl.gov NR 16 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1007/BF02389766 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 118XT UT WOS:000075866800029 ER PT J AU Smith, BF Gibson, RR Jarvinen, GD Jones, MM Lu, MT Robison, TW Schroeder, NC Stalnaker, N AF Smith, BF Gibson, RR Jarvinen, GD Jones, MM Lu, MT Robison, TW Schroeder, NC Stalnaker, N TI Evaluation of synthetic water-soluble metal-binding polymers with ultrafiltration for selective concentration of americium and plutonium SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Amer Nucl Soc, Isotopes & Radiat Div, Amer Nucl Soc, Biol & Med Div, Canadian Nucl Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Nucl Chem & Technol ID MEMBRANE FILTRATION; SEPARATION AB Water-soluble metal-binding polymers in combination with ultrafiltration are shown to be an effective method for selectively removing dilute actinide ions from acidic solutions of high ionic strength. The actinide-binding properties of commercially available water-soluble polymers and several polymers which have been reported in the literature were evaluated. The functional groups incorporated in the polymers were pyrrolidone, amine, oxime, and carboxylic, phosphonic, or sulfonic acid. The polymer containing phosphonic acid groups gave the best results with high distribution coefficients and concentration factors for Am-241(III) and Pu-238(III)/(IV) at pH 4 to 6 and ionic strengths of 0.1 to 4. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smith, BF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 219 EP 223 DI 10.1007/BF02389775 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 118XT UT WOS:000075866800038 ER PT J AU Smith, BF Gibson, RR Jarvinen, GD Robison, TW Schroeder, NC Stalnaker, ND AF Smith, BF Gibson, RR Jarvinen, GD Robison, TW Schroeder, NC Stalnaker, ND TI Preconcentration of low levels of americium and plutonium from waste waters by synthetic water-soluble metal-binding polymers with ultrafiltration SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Amer Nucl Soc, Isotopes & Radiat Div, Amer Nucl Soc, Biol & Med Div, Canadian Nucl Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Nucl Chem & Technol AB A preconcentration approach to assist in the measurement of low levels of americium and plutonium in waste waters has been developed based on the concept of using water-soluble metal-binding polymers in combination with ultrafiltration. The method has been optimized to give over 90% recovery and accountability from actual waste water. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Smith, BF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 5 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 225 EP 229 DI 10.1007/BF02389776 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 118XT UT WOS:000075866800039 ER PT J AU Egorov, O Grate, JW Ruzicka, J AF Egorov, O Grate, JW Ruzicka, J TI Automation of radiochemical analysis by flow injection techniques: Am-Pu separation using TRU-resin (TM) sorbent extraction column SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Amer Nucl Soc, Isotopes & Radiat Div, Amer Nucl Soc, Biol & Med Div, Canadian Nucl Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Nucl Chem & Technol ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NUCLEAR WASTE; ACIDIC MEDIA; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PRECONCENTRATION; ACTINIDES; URANIUM AB A rapid automated flow injection analysis (FIA) procedure was developed for efficient separation of Am and Pu from each other and from interfering matrix and radionuclide components using a TRU-resin(TM)column. Selective Pu elution is enabled via on-column reduction. The separation was developed using on-line radioactivity detection. After the separation had been developed, fraction collection was used to obtain the separated fractions. In this manner, a FIA instrument functions as an automated separation workstation capable of unattended operation. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Egorov, O (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 231 EP 235 DI 10.1007/BF02389777 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 118XT UT WOS:000075866800040 ER PT J AU Hunter, DB Bertsch, PM AF Hunter, DB Bertsch, PM TI In situ examination of uranium contaminated soil particles by micro-X-ray absorption and micro-fluorescence spectroscopies SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL KAILUA KONA, HI SP Amer Nucl Soc, Isotopes & Radiat Div, Amer Nucl Soc, Biol & Med Div, Canadian Nucl Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Nucl Chem & Technol ID SPECIATION; SEDIMENTS AB Two complimentary spectroscopic techniques, X-ray absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy have been conducted at spatial scales of 1 to 25 mu m on uranium contaminated soil sediments collected from two former nuclear materials processing facilities of the DOE: Fernald, OH and Savannah River Site, SC. A method of imbedding particles in a non-reactive Si polymer was developed such that individual particles could be examined before and after extraction with a wide range of chemicals typically used in sequential extraction techniques and others proposed for ex situ chemical intervention technologies. Using both the micro-X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and micro-X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) techniques, both elemental and oxidation state distribution maps were generated on individual particles before and following chemical extraction. XANES can determine the relative proportion of U(VI) and U(IV) in phases comprising individual particles before and after extraction and showed that greater than 85% of the uranium existed as hexavalent U(VI). Fluorescence spectra of contaminated particles containing mainly U(VI) revealed populations of uranyl hydroxide phases and demonstrated the relative efficacy and specificity of each extraction method. Correlation of XAS and fluorescence data at micron scales provides information of U oxidation state as well as chemical form in heterogeneous samples. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Adv Analyt Ctr Environm Sci, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. EM hunter@srel.edu NR 18 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1007/BF02389778 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 118XT UT WOS:000075866800041 ER PT J AU Noshkin, VE Robison, WL Wong, KM Eagle, RJ AF Noshkin, VE Robison, WL Wong, KM Eagle, RJ TI Behavior of plutonium isotopes in the marine environment of Enewetak atoll SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Amer Nucl Soc, Isotopes & Radiat Div, Amer Nucl Soc, Biol & Med Div, Canadian Nucl Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Nucl Chem & Technol ID RADIONUCLIDES; SITE AB There continue to be reports in the literature that suggest a difference in the behavior of Pu239+240 and Pu-238 in some aquatic environments. Plutonium isotopes have been measured in marine samples collected over 3 decades from Enewetak atoll, one of the sites in the Marshall Islands used by the United States between 1946 and 1958 to test nuclear devices. The plutonium isotopes originated from a variety of complex sources and could possibly coexist in this environment as different physical-chemical species. However results indicate little difference in the mobility and biological availability of Pu239+240 and Pu-238. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assessment Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Noshkin, VE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assessment Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1007/BF02389779 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 118XT UT WOS:000075866800042 ER PT J AU Mohagheghi, AH Ghanbari, F Ebara, SB Enghauser, ME Bakhtiar, SN AF Mohagheghi, AH Ghanbari, F Ebara, SB Enghauser, ME Bakhtiar, SN TI Direct analysis of air filter samples for alpha-emitting isotopes SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Amer Nucl Soc, Isotopes & Radiat Div, Amer Nucl Soc, Biol & Med Div, Canadian Nucl Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Nucl Chem & Technol AB The traditional method for determination of alpha-emitting isotopes on air filters has been to process the samples by radiochemical methods. However, this method is too slow for incidents involving radioactive materials where the determination of personnel dose is urgent. A method is developed to directly analyze the air filters taken from personal and area air monitors. The site knowledge is used in combination with alpha-spectral information to identify isotopes. A mathematical function is developed to estimate the activity for each isotope. The strengths and weaknesses of the method are discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Westinghouse WIPP, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. RP Mohagheghi, AH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.1007/BF02389782 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 118XT UT WOS:000075866800045 ER PT J AU Lee, SC Orlandini, KA Webb, J Schoep, D Kirchner, T Fingleton, DJ AF Lee, SC Orlandini, KA Webb, J Schoep, D Kirchner, T Fingleton, DJ TI Measurement of baseline atmospheric plutonium-239, 240 and americium-241 in the vicinity of the waste isolation pilot plant SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Amer Nucl Soc, Isotopes & Radiat Div, Amer Nucl Soc, Biol & Med Div, Canadian Nucl Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Nucl Chem & Technol ID FALLOUT PLUTONIUM; ENVIRONMENT; TIME AB Measurements of aerosol Pu-239,Pu-240 and Am-241 activity concentrations have been made in the vicinity of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Samples for total suspended particulate matter (TSP) and particulate matter less than or equal to 10+/-2 mu m aerodynamic diameter (PM10) collected on 20x25-cm(2) glass fiber filters at a site approximately 1 km from the WIPP exhaust shaft. Samples for both TSP and PM10 were collected concurrently at 5 m above ground level. Other concurrent PM10 samples were also collected at 2 m above ground level. At the 5-m level, approximately 50% of the mass and the Pu-239,Pu-240 and Am-241 activities in the TSP are contained in the PM10 fraction. Comparison of the PM10 data from 2- and 5-m levels indicates that Pu-239,Pu-240 activity concentrations at the 2-m elevation are approximately 50% higher than the activity concentrations at the 5-m elevation. The overall average of the activity ratio between Am-241 and Pu-239,Pu-240 is 0.40+/-0.02 which is in good agreement with other published values. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Carlsbad Environm Monitoring & Res Ctr, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, SC (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Carlsbad Environm Monitoring & Res Ctr, 1400 Univ Dr, Carlsbad, NM 88220 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1007/BF02389783 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 118XT UT WOS:000075866800046 ER PT J AU Espinosa, G Silva, RJ AF Espinosa, G Silva, RJ TI Transuranic elements alpha-particle energy analysis using nuclear track in solids methodology SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 06-11, 1997 CL KAILUA KONA, HAWAII SP Amer Nucl Soc, Isotopes & Radiat Div, Amer Nucl Soc, Biol & Med Div, Canadian Nucl Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Nucl Chem & Technol ID CR-39; DETECTORS AB This paper presents a method for the energy analysis of alpha-particles emitted by transuranic elements via a novel technique using Nuclear Tracks. The method is based on the relationship between the energy deposited in the detection material and the diameter of the track, that is formed by chemical etching. The method involves CR-39 polycarbonate as the detector material, one-step chemical etching after irradiation, and a digital image analysis system for automatic reading of the track diameters. The experimental study included alpha-particles in the energy range 5.1 MeV to 5.8 MeV emitted by Pu-239, Am-241 and Cm-244. The quantitative results provide a clear signature to identify each one of the emitters based on a characteristic track diameter. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Espinosa, G (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Apartado Postal 20364, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 234 IS 1-2 BP 283 EP 286 DI 10.1007/BF02389786 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 118XT UT WOS:000075866800049 ER PT J AU Coyle, CM Chumanov, G Jagodzinski, PW AF Coyle, CM Chumanov, G Jagodzinski, PW TI Surface-enhanced Raman spectra of the reduction product of 4-cyanopyridine on copper colloids SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID SILVER ELECTRODES; SCATTERING; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; SERS AB Surface-enhanced Raman spectra of 4-cyanopyridine in a copper colloid solution were collected and showed no signal due to the C=N stretching normal mode. [N-15]-4-Cyanopyridine was prepared and similar results were obtained. The spectra of these molecules on gold colloids contain a signal attributed to this mode. These data were interpreted as being due to a transition metal-assisted reduction of the nitrile group with the product 4-aminomethylpyridine being adsorbed on the copper surface. The surface-enhanced Raman spectrum of 4-aminomethylpyridine on a copper colloid is nearly identical with the spectrum collected for 4-cyanopyridine with the copper colloid. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Jagodzinski, PW (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 29 IS 8 BP 757 EP 762 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4555(199808)29:8<757::AID-JRS284>3.0.CO;2-A PG 6 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 112DX UT WOS:000075479800016 ER PT J AU Katipamula, S Reddy, TA Claridge, DE AF Katipamula, S Reddy, TA Claridge, DE TI Multivariate regression modeling SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-CONSUMPTION AB An empirical or regression modeling approach is simple to develop and easy to use compared to detailed hourly simulations of energy use in commercial buildings. Therefore, regression models developed from measured energy data are becoming an increasingly popular method for determining retrofit savings or identifying operational and maintenance (O&M) problems. Because energy consumption in large commercial buildings is a complex function of climatic conditions, building characteristics, building usage, system characteristics and type of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment used, a multiple linear regression (MLR) model provides better accuracy than a single-variable model for modeling energy consumption. Also, when hourly monitored data are available, an issue which arises is what time resolution to adopt for regression models to be most accurate. This paper addresses both these topics. This paper reviews the literature on MLR models of building energy use, describes the methodology to develop MLR models, and highlights the usefulness of MLR models as baseline models and in detecting deviations in energy consumption resulting from major operational changes. The paper first develops the functional basis of cooling energy use for two commonly used HVAC systems: dual-duct constant volume (DDCV) and dual-drier variable air volume (DDVAV). Using these functional forms, the cooling energy consumption in five large commercial buildings located in central Texas were modeled at monthly, daily, hourly, and hour-of-day (HOD) time scales. Compared to the single-variable model (two-parameter model with outdoor dry-bulb as the only variable), MLR models showed a decrease in coefficient of variation (CV) between 10 percent to 60 percent, with an average decrease of about 33 percent, thus clearly indicating the superiority of MLR models. Although the models at the monthly time scale had higher coefficient of determination (R-2) and lower CV than daily, hourly, and HOD models, the daily and HOD models proved more accurate at predicting cooling energy use. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Drexel Univ, Dept Civil & Architectural Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Energy Syst Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Katipamula, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 31 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD AUG PY 1998 VL 120 IS 3 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1115/1.2888067 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 112TD UT WOS:000075509500006 ER PT J AU Akbari, H Konopacki, SJ AF Akbari, H Konopacki, SJ TI Application of an end-use disaggregation algorithm for obtaining building energy-use data SO JOURNAL OF SOLAR ENERGY ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB Metered end-use data for most Department of Defense (DoD) facilities are scarce. We discuss the application of a method (end-use disaggregation algorithm, EDA) to disaggregate short-interval (hourly) whole-facility electrical load into major end uses. Hourly load data, hourly load-temperature regression coefficients, and simulated end-use data comprise the algorithm input. The algorithm produces hourly load profiles for air conditioning, lighting, fans and primps, and miscellaneous lends. In previous studies, the EDA has been applied to both individual and prototypical buildings to estimate energy use by end use for two major California utilities. In this study, we have refined the EDA for application to DoD facilities where typically only the hourly electricity use data are available for the entire facility. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Akbari, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Energy Anal Dept, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0199-6231 J9 J SOL ENERG-T ASME JI J. Sol. Energy Eng. Trans.-ASME PD AUG PY 1998 VL 120 IS 3 BP 205 EP 210 DI 10.1115/1.2888070 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 112TD UT WOS:000075509500009 ER PT J AU Lewis, CJ Stock, JM AF Lewis, CJ Stock, JM TI Late Miocene to recent transtensional tectonics in the Sierra San Fermin, northeastern Baja California, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL STRESS TENSOR; FOCAL MECHANISM DATA; FAULT TECTONICS; PLATE BOUNDARY; GULF; EXTENSION; BASIN; DEFORMATION; EVOLUTION; LORETO AB Basins and ranges within part of the Gulf of California Extensional Province (Mexico) have experienced complex distributed deformation, including normal and strike-slip faulting and block rotations, linked to dextral shear at the Pacific-North America plate boundary. In the Sierra San Fermin and southern Sierra San Felipe (northeastern Baja California), normal faulting began between 12.5 and 6 Ma, although most extension occurred between about 6 and 3 Ma, strongly influencing thickness and distribution of ash-flow tuffs and sedimentary deposits. Extension is generally < 10% in 6 Ma rocks and somewhat more in 12.5 Ma rocks. Inversion of kinematic data, interpreted together with published paleomagnetic data, suggests that the axis of least principal stress was oriented between W-E and SW-NE in late Miocene time. Our data indicate an important change in the amount of dextral shear, but not necessarily the least principal stress direction (WSW-ENE), at about 3 Ma. Structural constraints limit significant sinistral strike-slip faulting, conjugate to the dextral plate boundary, to the last similar to 3 My. Progressive changes in the geometry of faulting through time are consistent with regional strain partitioning. within the Pacific-North America plate boundary zone, and are predicted by physical and analytical models of oblique divergence as the orientation of the stretching vector cc changes to lower and lower values. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Seismol Lab 252 21, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Lewis, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, EES-1,MS D462, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM clewis@lanl.gov NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8141 J9 J STRUCT GEOL JI J. Struct. Geol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 20 IS 8 BP 1043 EP 1063 DI 10.1016/S0191-8141(98)00038-8 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 115DT UT WOS:000075648800005 ER PT J AU Bullard, CW Weger, HT Wagner, J AF Bullard, CW Weger, HT Wagner, J TI Managing the uncertainties of low-level radioactive waste disposal SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The disposal of low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) entails financial and safety risks not common to most market commodities. This manifests debilitating uncertainty regarding future waste volume and disposal technology performance in the market for waste disposal services. Dealing with the publicly perceived risks of LLRW disposal increases the total cost of the technology by an order of magnitude, relative to traditional shallow land burial. Therefore, this analysis first examines five proposed disposal facility designs and quantifies the costs associated with these two important sources of uncertainty. Based upon this analysis, a marketable disposal permit mechanism is proposed and analyzed for the purpose of reducing market uncertainty and thereby facilitating a market solution to the waste disposal problem. In addition to quantifying the costs, the results illustrate the ways in which the design of a technology is influenced by its institutional environment, and vice versa. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Econ, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Bullard, CW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 1206 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Bullard, Clark/L-6707-2014 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 48 IS 8 BP 701 EP 710 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 116PK UT WOS:000075733600003 PM 9739624 ER PT J AU Wang, H Bartkowiak, M Modine, FA Dinwiddie, RB Boatner, LA Mahan, GD AF Wang, H Bartkowiak, M Modine, FA Dinwiddie, RB Boatner, LA Mahan, GD TI Nonuniform heating in zinc oxide varistors studied by infrared imaging and computer simulation SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ZNO VARISTORS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; ARRESTERS; MECHANISM AB State-of-the-art infrared (IR) thermal imaging was used to monitor the heating of ZnO varistors by electrical transients. On a macroscopic scale (e.g., 10 mm), heating in large varistor blocks (i.e., diameter of 42 mm) was found to be the greatest near the block edges and to be approximately radially symmetric in blocks fabricated at a low aspect ratio. In blocks fabricated at a higher aspect ratio, the heating was less symmetric, presumably because uniform properties are more difficult to achieve. Nonuniform heating in large blocks can be attributed to processing-induced variations in the electrical properties of the blocks. On an intermediate size scale (e.g., 1 mm), the heating in small varistor disks (e.g., diameter of 10 mm) was observed to be most intense along localized electrical paths. The high electrical conductivity of these paths originates from the statistical fluctuations in properties that inevitably occur in polycrystalline materials. On a microscopic scale (e.g., 10 pm), the heating in thin varistor slices (e.g., thickness of 100 pm) was observed to be localized in strings of tiny hot spots. The hot spots occur at the grain boundaries in a conducting path, where the potential is decreased across Schottky-type barriers and the heat is generated. The experimentally observed heating is interpreted by applying transport theory and using computer simulations. It is shown that, on the scale of the grain size, the heat transfer is too fast to permit temperature differences that could cause a varistor failure. Current localization and nonuniform heating on an intermediate size scale can have a microstructural origin (e.g,, statistical fluctuations of grain sizes and grain-boundary properties). However, these are shown to be significant only in small varistors, whereas destructive failures (puncture and cracking) of large varistor blocks can be caused only by nonuniform heating on a macroscopic scale. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Hsin/A-1942-2013; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Wang, Hsin/0000-0003-2426-9867; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 81 IS 8 BP 2013 EP 2022 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 110FB UT WOS:000075368600003 ER PT J AU Bresson, JA Anderson, GA Bruce, JE Smith, RD AF Bresson, JA Anderson, GA Bruce, JE Smith, RD TI Improved isotopic abundance measurements for high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectra via time-domain data extraction SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY-SHIFTS; INDIVIDUAL IONS; SPECTROMETRY; DISTRIBUTIONS; BIOMOLECULES; MOLECULES; CHEMISTRY AB The simultaneous high resolution and accurate mass measurements possible with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled with the gentle ionization of electrospray hold attractions for protein, peptide, and oligonucleotide characterization, including multistage-mass spectrometry measurements for assignment of fragment masses and greater confidence in structural measurements. The detection of cyclotron motion over extended periods of time (in some cases for several minutes) allows higher resolution and mass accuracy. Generally, signal duration has been considered to be limited primarily by background pressure, with ion-neutral collisions leading to the reduction and dephasing of cyclotron motion, causing signal loss. However, recent theoretical work has shown that the ion cloud stability that is a prerequisite for high performance measurements is highly dependent on the electric field generated by the ion cloud, thus giving rise to a minimum number of charges or ions required for extended time-domain signals. The effects of ion population on ion cloud stability and signal duration, and the subsequent effects on resolution and measured isotopic abundances are reported. Individual time-domain signals for bovine insulin isotopic peaks were extracted to allow a comparison of the damping rates for each of these ion clouds and the measured time-domain amplitude maxima are shown to provide a better match with the theoretically predicted isotopic abundances for insulin. These results show that different damping rates of ions of very similar mass, but different ion cloud population sizes, can have dramatic effects on the observed isotopic patterns. Additionally, more accurate, high resolution spectra can be produced by correcting for the effects of the different damping rates that are observed for different ion population sizes. (C) 1998 American Society for Mass Spectrometry. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Environm & Mol Sci Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 26 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 9 IS 8 BP 799 EP 804 DI 10.1016/S1044-0305(98)00047-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 104VC UT WOS:000075035700006 ER PT J AU Titov, GA AF Titov, GA TI Radiative horizontal transport and absorption in stratocumulus clouds SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOLAR-RADIATION; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; ALBEDO; MODELS; FIELDS AB The equation of radiative energy balance in a homogeneous plane-parallel cloud accounts for the photon transport in the vertical direction only. From this equation, the absorption can be evaluated as a difference between the net radiative fluxes measured on the cloud top and bottom. Real clouds exhibit extreme horizontal variability of their optical and, hence, radiative properties; So the radiative energy balance equation for inhomogeneous clouds includes an extra term to describe the net energy transport in the horizontal directions (radiative horizontal transport). This study investigates the horizontal transport in nonhomogeneous stratocumulus clouds and its influence on the accuracy of absorption estimates. Using a realistic fractal model of marine stratocumulus clouds and Monte Carlo method, it is shown that the magnitude of horizontal transport 1) is comparable with those of albedo, transmittance, and absorptance and 2) depends strongly. on the fractal dimension of cloud optical depth. Because of the horizontal transport, there is no unique dependence between optical and radiative properties of given pixel. The neglect of the horizontal transport is a major source of uncertainty in absorption estimates. Two possible ways of improving the inhomogeneous cloud absorption estimates from field measurements are discussed. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Tomsk, Russia. RP Titov, GA (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, PNNL, ARM Program, POB 999,K9-38, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 21 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 55 IS 15 BP 2549 EP 2560 DI 10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2549:RHTAAI>2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 106VZ UT WOS:000075172300006 ER PT J AU Lillard, RS Kanner, GS Butt, DP AF Lillard, RS Kanner, GS Butt, DP TI The nature of oxide films on tungsten in acidic and alkaline solutions SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTRA; STATE PASSIVE FILMS; ELECTROCHEMICAL-BEHAVIOR; STAINLESS-STEEL; THIN-FILMS; IRON; NICKEL; WO3; SPECTROSCOPY; DISSOLUTION AB Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) data of W in acidic solution were characterized by modes associated with hydration (WO3(H2O)(x), 942 cm(-1)) as well as modes characteristic of WO3 (816 cm(-1)). At applied anodic potentials, the WO3(H2O)(x) content in the oxide was greater than the WO3 content, while at applied cathodic potentials the WO3 content was larger. These results are consistent with a bilayer film on W in acidic solution which consists of a compact inner layer of WO3 and an outer layer of WO3(H2O)(x). Rotating disk electrode experiments (RDE) demonstrated that the passive dissolution (i(pass)) of W in acidic solution increased with the angular velocity of the electrode. An increase in i(pass) and a corresponding decrease in the thickness of the surface layer with increasing angular velocity is consistent with a reversible dissolution mechanism where dissolution is limited by the mass transport of a loosely bound WO3(H2O)(x) layer from the surface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements found that W dissolution in acidic solution was associated with an adsorption pseudocapacitance presumably due to the outer WO3(H2O)(x) layer. The value of this pseudocapacitance increased with increasing angular velocity, indicating thinning of the layer consistent with RDE and SERS results. Results for W in alkaline solution are also presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lillard, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Butt, Darryl/B-7480-2008 OI Butt, Darryl/0000-0003-4501-8864 NR 55 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 145 IS 8 BP 2718 EP 2725 DI 10.1149/1.1838704 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 104BE UT WOS:000074991700016 ER PT J AU Hill, MA Butt, DP Lillard, RS AF Hill, MA Butt, DP Lillard, RS TI The passivity and breakdown of beryllium in aqueous solutions SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB The passivity of 98.0% pure beryllium has been studied in ambient temperature aqueous solutions as a function of pH. Below solution pH 2, potentiodynamic polarization curves exhibited active dissolution at all applied anodic potentials. In solution pH 2 to 12.5 it is shown that beryllium exhibits passive anodic behavior at potentials below 0.6 V vs. (saturated calomel electrode) SCE. Anodic polarization above 0.6 V SCE in the pH range of 2 to 12.5 led to a "stepped increase" in the passive current density followed by oxygen evolution. This stepped increase was associated with a change in the specific resistivity of the passive film above 0.6 V SCE as determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS results were analyzed in the context of an equivalent circuit model which incorporated two time constants, one associated with the oxide film and the other associated with the electrode/solution interface. From these EIS experiments, the oxide growth rate was determined to be 6.0 Angstrom/V over the potential range of 0 to 4 V. At higher anodization potentials the growth rate appeared to be somewhat lower. Breakdown of passivity was studied in chloride and fluoride solutions. In chloride, the attack was found to be localized while in fluoride, the attack was localized only at concentrations below 10(-3) M. Above 10(-3) M, uniform attack was observed. In the pH range of 2 to 12.5, the pitting potential of beryllium in chloride environments was found to be independent of pH. In solutions containing both fluoride and chloride ions, the presence of the fluoride increased the passive current density of beryllium, but had no effect on the pitting potential. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Met Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hill, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Corros & Environm Effects Lab, Met Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Butt, Darryl/B-7480-2008 OI Butt, Darryl/0000-0003-4501-8864 NR 38 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 145 IS 8 BP 2799 EP 2806 DI 10.1149/1.1838717 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 104BE UT WOS:000074991700029 ER PT J AU Lee, HS Yang, XQ Xiang, CL McBreen, J Choi, LS AF Lee, HS Yang, XQ Xiang, CL McBreen, J Choi, LS TI The synthesis of a new family of boron-based anion receptors and the study of their effect on ion pair dissociation and conductivity of lithium salts in nonaqueous solutions SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMPLEXES AB A new family of anion receptors based on boron compounds has been synthesized. These compounds can be used as anion receptors in lithium battery electrolytes. This family includes various borane and berate compounds with different fluorinated aryl and fluorinated alkyl groups. When these anion receptors are used as additives in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) solutions containing various lithium salts, the ionic conductivities of these solutions are greatly increased. The electrolytes tested in this study were DME solutions containing the following lithium salts: LiF, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, CF3COOLi, and C2F5COOLi. Without the additive, the solubility of LiF in DME land all other nonaqueous solvents) is very low With some of these boron compounds as additives, LiF solutions in DME with concentration as high as 1 M were obtained. The solubilities of the other salts were also increased by these additives. Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy studies show that Cl- and I- anions are complexed with these compounds in DME solutions containing LiCl or LiI salts. The degree of complexation is also closely related to the structures of the fluorinated aryl and alkyl groups, which act as electron-withdrawing groups. The NEXAFS results are in good agreement with ionic conductivity studies. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, HS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 108 Z9 115 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 145 IS 8 BP 2813 EP 2818 DI 10.1149/1.1838719 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 104BE UT WOS:000074991700031 ER PT J AU Nieves, LA Chen, SY Kohout, EJ Nabelssi, B Tilbrook, RW Wilson, SE AF Nieves, LA Chen, SY Kohout, EJ Nabelssi, B Tilbrook, RW Wilson, SE TI Analysis of disposition alternatives for radioactively contaminated scrap metal SO JOURNAL OF THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE-ENGINEERING AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article AB Millions of tons of slightly radioactive scrap iron and steel, stainless steel, and copper are likely to become available as nuclear and other facilities and equipment ar e withdrawn from service. Disposition of this material is an international policy issue under consideration currently. The major alternatives for managing this material are either to develop a regulatory process for decontamination and recycling that will safeguard human health or to dispose of the soap and replace the metal stocks. To evaluate the alternatives, we estimate quantities of scrap arising from nuclear power. plant decommissioning, evaluate potential pr ice impacts of recycling on regional markers, and assess the health and environmental impacts of the management alternatives. We conclude that decontaminating and recycling the scrap is the superior alternative. (C) 1998 The Franklin Institute. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nieves, LA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-0032 J9 J FRANKLIN I JI J. Frankl. Inst.-Eng. Appl. Math. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 335B IS 6 BP 1089 EP 1103 DI 10.1016/S0016-0032(97)00055-0 PG 15 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Mathematics GA ZV471 UT WOS:000074307900009 ER PT J AU Pal, T Vo-Dinh, T AF Pal, T Vo-Dinh, T TI A new photoactivated fluorescence detection method for trichloroethylene SO JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SYNCHRONOUS LUMINESCENCE AB We describe here a novel method using photoactivated fluorescence for the detection of trichloroethylene (TCE). The approach involves photoactivation by uv irradiation of TCE in the presence of a photoactivator, diphenylamine, subsequent excitation of the photoproduct complex, and detection of the luminescent photoproduct. The photoproduct exhibits new absorption fluorescent bands. Conventional fixed-wavelength excitation and synchronous luminescence (SL) are used for detection. C1 Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Hlth Sci Res Div, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pal, T (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Kharagpur 721302, W Bengal, India. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 3 PU INDIAN CHEMICAL SOC PI CALCUTTA PA 92 ACHARYA PRAFULLA CHANDRA RD ATTN:DR INDRAJIT KAR/EXEC SEC, CALCUTTA 700009, INDIA SN 0019-4522 J9 J INDIAN CHEM SOC JI J. Indian Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 75 IS 8 BP 470 EP 473 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 113NJ UT WOS:000075557900010 ER PT J AU Kao, HP Yang, N Schoeniger, JS AF Kao, HP Yang, N Schoeniger, JS TI Enhancement of evanescent fluorescence from fiber-optic sensors by thin-film sol-gel coatings SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID EMISSION AB A theoretical analysis and an experimental demonstration are presented to show the increase in collected evanescent fluorescence for a fiber-optic sensor having a high refractive-index (n(r)), titanium sol-gel, thin-film coating. Simulations indicated that the maximum collected fluorescence should increase and shift, to smaller film thicknesses as n(r) increases and also predicted an interference color-filtering effect. Experimentally, collected fluorescence increased by as much as 6x over that from a bare fused-silica fiber having a numerical aperture of 0.60. Simulations and experimental data were consistent with a decrease in the effective n(r) as film thickness increases. Electron micrographs of the sol-gel structure supported this observation and showed that the structure differs significantly from that of films formed on a planar glass substrate. High n(r), sol-gel thin films are a potentially inexpensive approach to significantly increasing the signal from fiber sensors. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Radiat Detect Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kao, HP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Radiat Detect Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 15 IS 8 BP 2163 EP 2171 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 104KJ UT WOS:000075013200020 ER PT J AU Fleck, JA AF Fleck, JA TI New Taylor-expansion method for solving a general class of wave equations SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; SPECTRAL METHOD; LANCZOS ORTHOGONALIZATION; BEAM-PROPAGATION; MEDIA AB We derive a general method for solving second-order wave equations on the basis of a fourth-order Taylor expansion, with respect to time, of the field and its time derivative. The method requires explicit evaluation of space derivatives up to fourth order of the field and its time derivative, and the time step is subject to a stability criterion, similar to the one routinely applied in conjunction with the time-domain-finite-difference method. The Taylor-series method is generalizable to vector wave equations, to wave equations involving dissipation, and to the Helmholtz wave equation. The method is equally applicable to situations involving large or small variations in the refractive index. Sample numerical solutions in one and two space dimensions are described. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fleck, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 15 IS 8 BP 2182 EP 2198 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 104KJ UT WOS:000075013200022 ER PT J AU Gehr, RJ Smith, AV AF Gehr, RJ Smith, AV TI Separated-beam nonphase-matched second-harmonic method of characterizing nonlinear optical crystals SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; MAKER FRINGES; COEFFICIENTS; FREQUENCY; LIIO3 AB We demonstrate a variation of the wedge method of Maker-fringe measurement in which the fundamental beam diameter is large enough to contain several second-harmonic coherence fringes. In the far field the second harmonic forms spatially separated beams from which both Delta k's and d(eff)'s can be deduced on a single laser pulse. Analysis is simple because no fringe analysis is required and because the method is immune to multiple surface reflections, birefringent walk-off, group-velocity walk-off, and surface effects such as longitudinal polarization. Example measurements on KDP and LiIO3 are presented. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America [S0740-3224(98)00708-5] OCIS codes: 160.4330, 190.4400, 190.2620. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Lasers Opt & Remote Sensing 1128, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gehr, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Lasers Opt & Remote Sensing 1128, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 15 IS 8 BP 2298 EP 2307 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.15.002298 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 108LP UT WOS:000075268100014 ER PT J AU Peskin, AM AF Peskin, AM TI National information infrastructure initiatives - Vision and policy design SO JOURNAL OF URBAN TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Comp & Commun Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Peskin, AM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Comp & Commun Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBL CO PI ABINGDON PA PO BOX 25, ABINGDON, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND OX14 3UE SN 1063-0732 J9 J URBAN TECHNOL JI J. Urban Technol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 5 IS 2 BP 106 EP 107 PG 2 WC Urban Studies SC Urban Studies GA 118QD UT WOS:000075849100008 ER PT J AU Wan, JS Ochs, M Brandt, R Schmidt, T Langrock, EJ Vater, P Abdullaev, IG Adam, J Bamblevskij, VP Bradnova V Butsev, VS Gelovani, L Golubev, PI Gridnev, TG Kalinnikov, VK Karachuk, J Krivopustov, MI Kulakov, BA Sosnin, AN Perelygin, VP Priemyshev, AN Pronskikh, VS Stegailov VI Tsoupko-Sitnikov, VM Adloff, JC Debeauvais, M Modolo, G Odoj, R Phlippen, PW Zamani, M Dwivedi, KK Wilson, B AF Wan, JS Ochs, M Brandt, R Schmidt, T Langrock, EJ Vater, P Abdullaev, IG Adam, J Bamblevskij, VP Bradnova, V Butsev, VS Gelovani, L Golubev, PI Gridnev, TG Kalinnikov, VK Karachuk, J Krivopustov, MI Kulakov, BA Sosnin, AN Perelygin, VP Priemyshev, AN Pronskikh, VS Stegailov, VI Tsoupko-Sitnikov, VM Adloff, JC Debeauvais, M Modolo, G Odoj, R Phlippen, PW Zamani, M Dwivedi, KK Wilson, B TI Transmutation of radioactive waste by means of relativistic heavy ions SO KERNTECHNIK LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-PRODUCTION; CARBON-IONS; TARGETS; GENERATION; PROTONS; SSNTD AB A series of experiments was carried out at the synchrophasotron of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), Dubna, using 3.67 GeV protons and 18 GeV (12)C ion beams. Two solid lead and uranium targets surrounded by paraffin moderator were irradiated. The enter sur face of the moderator contained a number of small U and La sensors, and also solid-state nuclear track detectors Both experimental techniques identify independently approximately 28 low-energy neutrons per 3.67 GeV proton hitting the Pb tal get. Theoretical estimations based on LAHET and DCM/CEM computer codes show considerably smaller fluences. A similar problem seems to appear in analogous experiments at the Centre des Recherches Nucleaires (CERN), Geneva. In addition, long lived radioactive waste nuclides, such as (129)I (T(1/2) = 1.57.10(7) a) and (237)Np (T(1/2) = 2.14.10(6) a), in the form of well-sealed tar gets (approximately I gram each) were placed in different geometrical positions during the 3.67 GeV proton ir radiations. The transmutation rates ale substantial: a 10 mA, 3.67 GeV proton accelerator is able to transmute at least 30 % of (237)Np and 1% of (129)I per month, under the given geometrical conditions. C1 Univ Marburg, Inst Phys Chem Kernchem & Makromol Chem, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. NW Inst Nucl Technol, Xian, Peoples R China. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Ctr Rech Nucl, F-67037 Strasbourg, France. Forschungszentrum Julich, D-54245 Julich, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NE Hill Univ, Dept Chem, Shillong 793003, Meghalaya, India. Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Dept Phys, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. RP Wan, JS (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Inst Phys Chem Kernchem & Makromol Chem, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RI Adam, Jindrich /G-9788-2014; OI Modolo, Giuseppe/0000-0001-6490-5595 NR 26 TC 34 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0932-3902 J9 KERNTECHNIK JI Kerntechnik PD AUG PY 1998 VL 63 IS 4 BP 167 EP 177 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 214DZ UT WOS:000081313700001 ER PT J AU Burton, H AF Burton, H TI Great feuds in science: Ten of the liveliest disputes ever. SO LIBRARY JOURNAL LA English DT Book Review C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Burton, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BOWKER MAGAZINE GROUP CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION PI NEW YORK PA 249 W 17TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0363-0277 J9 LIBR J JI Libr. J. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 123 IS 13 BP 126 EP 126 PG 1 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 108XR UT WOS:000075291800293 ER PT J AU Burkhalter, RS Smith, CA White, DC Fayer, R White, AB AF Burkhalter, RS Smith, CA White, DC Fayer, R White, AB TI The signature 10-hydroxy stearic acid thought to correlate with infectivity in oocysts of Cryptosporidium species is an artifact SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article ID PARVUM OOCYSTS AB Heating or freezing leads to loss in infectivity of oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum toward neonatal BALB/c mice and is reflected in the profile of the polar lipid fatty acids. Upon loss of infectivity, the ratio of polar lipid to neutral lipid fatty acid decreased and the relative proportions of 18:1n-9 also decreased; proportions of 18:2n-6 and 20:5n-6 increased, whereas the proportions of 16:0 remained constant with freezing. During these investigations, a novel fatty acid, 10-OH 18:0, was discovered in the glycolipid fraction. The identification of a fatty acid unique to species of Cryptosporidium was thought to provide a specific biomarker for this organism. Cryptosporidium also demonstrated fluctuations in absolute quantities of 10OH 18:0 with events that lead to loss of infectivity. This led to the presumed correlation of this biomarker with infectious Cryptosporidium. The 10-OH 18:0 was putatively localized at the sn-2 position of phosphatidylethanolamine. High-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry revealed that the 10-OH 18:0 existed principally in the free fatty acid form. Herein, we establish that the free fatty acid 10OH 18:0 was, in actuality, an artifact of the procedures for sample preparation. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA ARS, Inst Livestock & Poultry Sci, Parasite Immunol Lab, Beltsville, MD USA. Microbial Insights Inc, Rockford, TN USA. RP White, DC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, 10515 Res Dr,Suite 300, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER OIL CHEMISTS SOC PI CHAMPAIGN PA 1608 BROADMOOR DRIVE, CHAMPAIGN, IL 61821-0489 USA SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD AUG PY 1998 VL 33 IS 8 BP 829 EP 833 DI 10.1007/s11745-998-0278-7 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 110VC UT WOS:000075400900014 PM 9727616 ER PT J AU Bouaricha, A Schnabel, RB AF Bouaricha, A Schnabel, RB TI Tensor methods for large sparse systems of nonlinear equations SO MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING LA English DT Article DE tensor methods; nonlinear equations; sparse problems; rank-deficient matrices ID LEAST-SQUARES PROBLEMS; JACOBIAN MATRICES; SOFTWARE AB This paper introduces tensor methods for solving large sparse systems of nonlinear equations. Tensor methods for nonlinear equations were developed in the context of solving small to medium-sized dense problems. They base each iteration on a quadratic model of the non linear equations, where the second-order term is selected so that the model requires no more derivative or function information per iteration than standard linear model-based methods, and hardly more storage or arithmetic operations per iteration. Computational experiments on small to medium-sized problems have shown tensor methods to be considerably more efficient than standard Newton-based methods, with a particularly large advantage on singular problems. This paper considers the extension of this approach to solve large sparse problems. The key issue considered is how to make efficient use of sparsity in forming and solving the tensor model problem at each iteration. Accomplishing this turns out to require an entirely new way of solving the tensor model that successfully exploits the sparsity of the Jacobian, whether the Jacobian is nonsingular or singular. We develop such an approach and, based upon it, an efficient tensor method for solving large sparse systems of nonlinear equations. Test results indicate that this tensor method is significantly more efficient and robust than an efficient sparse Newton-based method, in terms of iterations, function evaluations, and execution time. (C) 1998 The Mathematical Programming Society, Inc. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, MCS Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bouaricha, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, MCS Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ali@silvaco.com NR 22 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-5610 J9 MATH PROGRAM JI Math. Program. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 82 IS 3 BP 377 EP 400 DI 10.1007/BF01580076 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 116HE UT WOS:000075717900005 ER PT J AU Hirth, JP Hoagland, RG Kurtz, RJ AF Hirth, JP Hoagland, RG Kurtz, RJ TI The motion of multiple height ledges and disconnections in phase transformations SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Kinetically Determined Particle Shapes and the Dynamics of Solid - Solid Interfaces CY OCT, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OHIO SP TMS, ASM ID CR ALLOY; INTERFACE DISLOCATIONS; INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES; INVARIANT LINE; GROWTH; PRECIPITATION; MECHANISMS; MIGRATION; KINETICS; DEFECTS AB For phase transformations with well-defined terrace planes, interface motion can occur by the motion of ledges or disconnections (ledges with added dislocation character). Symmetry imposes restrictions on the nature of these defects and may lead to the need for multiple height ledges. The structure of the ledge riser can also be variable. These possibilities impose constraints that can influence the motion of the defects and hence affect the rate of phase transformation. Examples of these phenomena are presented for interfaces with differing degrees of lattice matching. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hirth, JP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Mech & Mat Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RI Hoagland, Richard/G-9821-2012 NR 40 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 29 IS 8 BP 2033 EP 2038 DI 10.1007/s11661-998-0029-x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 111EP UT WOS:000075424600003 ER PT J AU Kaufman, PD Cohen, JL Osley, MA AF Kaufman, PD Cohen, JL Osley, MA TI Hir proteins are required for position-dependent gene silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the absence of chromatin assembly factor I SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DNA-REPLICATION INVITRO; HISTONE H3; TRANSCRIPTIONAL STATES; ALTER TRANSCRIPTION; YEAST; REPRESSION; MUTATIONS; INVIVO; DROSOPHILA; COMPLEXES AB Chromatin assembly factor I (CAF-I) is a three-subunit histone-binding complex conserved from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to humans. Yeast cells lacking CAF-I (cac Delta mutants) have defects in heterochromatic gene silencing. In this study, we showed that deletion of HIR genes, which regulate histone gene expression, synergistically reduced gene silencing at telomeres and at the HM loci in cac Delta mutants, although hir Delta mutants had no silencing defects when CAF-I was intact. Therefore, Hir proteins are required for an alternative silencing pathway that becomes important in the absence of CAF-I. Because Hir proteins regulate expression of histone genes, we tested the effects of histone gene deletion and overexpression on telomeric silencing and found that alterations in histone H3 and H4 levels or in core histone stoichiometry reduced silencing in cac Delta mutants but not in wild-type cells. We therefore propose that Hir proteins contribute to silencing indirectly via regulation of histone synthesis. However, deletion of combinations of CAC and HIR genes also affected the growth rate and in some cases caused partial temperature sensitivity, suggesting that global aspects of chromosome function may be affected by the loss of members of both gene families. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab 351, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Program Mol Biol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Cornell Univ, Grad Sch Med Sci, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Kaufman, PD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Donner Lab 351, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pdkaufman@lbl.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM40118, GM55712, R01 GM055712, R01 GM040118] NR 82 TC 141 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0270-7306 J9 MOL CELL BIOL JI Mol. Cell. Biol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 18 IS 8 BP 4793 EP 4806 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 102WX UT WOS:000074950000040 PM 9671489 ER PT J AU Zunger, A AF Zunger, A TI Effective mass approximation revisited - Response SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Letter ID QUANTUM DOTS C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Zunger, A (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 23 IS 8 BP 6 EP 7 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 111EK UT WOS:000075424200003 ER PT J AU Nash, P Schwarz, RB Hundley, MF AF Nash, P Schwarz, RB Hundley, MF TI Giant magnetoresistance in mechanically alloyed Ag-Cu-Fe alloys SO NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; GRANULAR ALLOYS; CO ALLOYS; FILMS; CR100-XFEX; SYSTEMS AB (Ag0.6Cu0.4)(1-x)Fe-x alloys with x =: 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25 were prepared by mechanically alloying mixtures of elemental Ag, Cu, and Fe powders. A metastable fee solid solution containing a nanosized distribution of magnetic Fe-rich particles was formed for all compositions. The alloys were characterized in the as-mechanically alloyed (as-MA) condition and after various annealing treatments by X-ray diffraction, magnetic balance measurements, and magnetoresistance measurements. The as-MA alloys show a giant magnetoresistance (GMR-) effect which increases with decreasing temperature. For x = 0.15, the GMR effect reaches a value Delta rho/rho approximate to 0.2 at a temperature of 4 K and afield of 10 T. The magnetic particles coarsen on annealing above 473K to produce ferromagnetic particles. Annealing for 30 minutes at 573K increases the GMR effect at low magnetic fields. These effects are explained in terms of the proportion of superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic particles and the total particle interfacial area per unit volume. (C) 1998 Acta Metallurgica Inc. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. IIT, Mech Mat & Aerosp Engn Dept, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Nash, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Nash, Philip/0000-0003-2975-8512 NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0965-9773 J9 NANOSTRUCT MATER JI Nanostruct. Mater. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 10 IS 6 BP 893 EP 907 DI 10.1016/S0965-9773(98)00134-2 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 144VT UT WOS:000077336600002 ER PT J AU Howard, AJ AF Howard, AJ TI Synchrotrons and industrial structural biology SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review AB Pharmaceutical and chemical companies play an increasingly significant role in the use and development of synchrotron facilities for structural biology. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Ctr Synchrotron Radiat Res & Instrumentat Biol Ch, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. IIT, Dept Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Howard, AJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI ID, IMCACAT/D-5867-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 5 SU S BP 623 EP 626 DI 10.1038/1316 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 106UW UT WOS:000075169700004 PM 9699608 ER PT J AU Ogata, CM AF Ogata, CM TI MAD phasing grows up SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ANOMALOUS DIFFRACTION; SELENOMETHIONYL AB Multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) phasing, which relies on synchrotron radiation, has grown from a novelty technique to a mainstream method that has been used to determine macromolecule structures of up to 200,000 M-r. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, NSLS, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ogata, CM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Howard Hughes Med Inst, NSLS, Beamline X4, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 5 SU S BP 638 EP 640 DI 10.1038/1330 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 106UW UT WOS:000075169700008 PM 9699612 ER PT J AU Kim, SH AF Kim, SH TI Shining a light on structural genomics SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SEQUENCES AB Determining a 'basis set' of protein folds that represent a majority of protein structures - making use of synchrotron radiation facilities - may be possible in the near future. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kim, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 13 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 5 SU S BP 643 EP 645 DI 10.1038/1334 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 106UW UT WOS:000075169700010 PM 9699614 ER PT J AU George, GN Hedman, B Hodgson, KO AF George, GN Hedman, B Hodgson, KO TI An edge with XAS SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; SCATTERING AB X-ray absorption spectroscopy, which relies on synchrotron radiation, can accurately determine aspects of metalloprotein active site structure, can be applied to solution or crystalline samples and can be used independently or to supplement crystallographic information. C1 Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP George, GN (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RI George, Graham/E-3290-2013 NR 11 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 12 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 5 SU S BP 645 EP 647 DI 10.1038/1336 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 106UW UT WOS:000075169700011 PM 9699615 ER PT J AU Irving, TC AF Irving, TC TI Bright prospects for biological non-crystalline diffraction SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MYOSIN-FILAMENTS; MUSCLE; ACTIN; EXTENSIBILITY; KINETICS AB Improved synchrotron sources provide new opportunities for the studying the structure and kinetics of biological materials using non-crystalline diffraction and small angle scattering. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Biophys Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Dept Biol Chem & Phys Sci, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Irving, TC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Biophys Collaborat Access Team, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI ID, BioCAT/D-2459-2012 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 5 SU S BP 648 EP 650 DI 10.1038/1340 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 106UW UT WOS:000075169700012 PM 9699616 ER PT J AU Sweet, RM AF Sweet, RM TI The technology that enables synchrotron structural biology SO NATURE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Review AB Synchrotron sources and the instrumentation of crystallography have improved together to ease macromolecular structure determination by diffraction methods. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sweet, RM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM sweet@bnl.gov NR 15 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1072-8368 J9 NAT STRUCT BIOL JI Nat. Struct. Biol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 5 SU S BP 654 EP 656 DI 10.1038/1344 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 106UW UT WOS:000075169700014 PM 9699618 ER PT J AU Chopra, OK Shack, WJ AF Chopra, OK Shack, WJ TI Low-cycle fatigue of piping and pressure vessel steels in LWR environments SO NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 23-27, 1995 CL HONOLULU, HAWAII SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID WATER-REACTOR ENVIRONMENTS; LOW-ALLOY STEELS; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR AB The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provides rules for the construction of nuclear power plant components. Figure I-90 of Appendix I to Section III of the Code specifies fatigue design curves for structural materials. Although effects of reactor coolant environments are not explicitly addressed by the design curves, test data suggest that the Code fatigue curves may not always be adequate in coolant environments. This paper reports the results of recent fatigue tests that examine the effects of steel type, strain rate, dissolved oxygen level, strain range, loading waveform, and surface morphology on the fatigue life of carbon and low-alloy steels in light water reactor environments. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chopra, OK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 38 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0029-5493 J9 NUCL ENG DES JI Nucl. Eng. Des. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 184 IS 1 BP 49 EP 76 DI 10.1016/S0029-5493(97)00368-3 PG 28 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 117VH UT WOS:000075803000006 ER PT J AU Okabayashi, M Fredrickson, ED Manickam, J Taylor, G Batha, SH Bell, MG Budny, RV LeBlanc, B Levinton, FM Jackson, J McGuire, KM Nazikian, R Zarnstorff, MC AF Okabayashi, M Fredrickson, ED Manickam, J Taylor, G Batha, SH Bell, MG Budny, RV LeBlanc, B Levinton, FM Jackson, J McGuire, KM Nazikian, R Zarnstorff, MC TI Mode structure of disruption precursors in TFTR enhanced reversed shear discharges SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID FUSION-TEST-REACTOR; BETA; TOKAMAKS; PLASMAS; OSCILLATIONS; CONFINEMENT AB The mode structure of the disruption precursors in the TFTR enhanced reversed shear (ERS) parameters has been studied by using T-e fluctuation profiles and q profiles obtained from electron cyclotron emission (ECE) and motional Stark effect (MSE) measurements. The observed profiles of the radial displacement associated with the MHD modes were consistent with the displacement profiles expected from the ideal MHD external kink mode. The observed mode frequencies differ from the plasma toroidal rotation frequency measured with C VI charge exchange recombination light. The independence of the mode frequency from the plasma rotation frequency supports the ideal MHD hypothesis. Possible causes of the frequency difference are discussed. C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Fus Phys & Technol, Torrance, CA USA. So Univ A&M Coll, Baton Rouge, LA USA. RP Okabayashi, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. EM mokabaya@pppl.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD AUG PY 1998 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1149 EP 1160 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/38/8/303 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 126PV UT WOS:000076303100003 ER PT J AU Kusama, Y Kimura, H Ozeki, T Saigusa, M Kramer, GJ Oikawa, T Moriyama, S Nemoto, M Fujita, T Tobita, K Fu, GY Nazikian, R Cheng, CZ AF Kusama, Y Kimura, H Ozeki, T Saigusa, M Kramer, GJ Oikawa, T Moriyama, S Nemoto, M Fujita, T Tobita, K Fu, GY Nazikian, R Cheng, CZ TI Toroidal Alfven eigenmodes driven with ICRF accelerated protons in JT-60U negative shear discharges SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID DEUTERIUM-TRITIUM EXPERIMENTS; REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; FUSION TEST REACTOR; DIII-D; TOKAMAK; TFTR; STABILITY; MODES; INSTABILITIES; CONFINEMENT AB On JT-60U, for the first time in negative shear plasmas, toroidicity induced Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs) with frequencies in the range of 90 to 110 kHz and toroidal mode numbers n = 5-8 were observed after a broadening of the density profile due to sequential partial collapses during ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) heating. TAEs are more stable in negative shear plasmas than plasmas with a monotonically increasing q profile. The TAE stability was analysed with the NOVA-K code. It was found that the stability is highly sensitive to the gap alignment just inside q(min) and that the theoretical results are consistent with the experimental results. In a weak central magnetic sheer discharge, modes with very rapid frequency chirping were observed during ICRF heating. The frequencies of these modes rapidly increased from similar to 30 kHz up to similar to 110 kHz in a period of similar to 150 ms. The large frequency chirping is not well understood by the present theory. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. Ibaraki Univ, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316, Japan. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kusama, Y (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. EM kusama@naka.jaeri.go.jp RI Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 NR 30 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD AUG PY 1998 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1215 EP 1223 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/38/8/308 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 126PV UT WOS:000076303100008 ER PT J AU Lasnier, CJ Hill, DN Petrie, TW Leonard, AW Evans, TE Maingi, R AF Lasnier, CJ Hill, DN Petrie, TW Leonard, AW Evans, TE Maingi, R TI Survey of target plate heat flux in diverted DIII-D tokamak discharges SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; RADIATIVE DIVERTOR; POLOIDAL DIVERTOR; HIGH-CONFINEMENT; EDGE PLASMA; MODE; INJECTION; PROFILES; PHYSICS; BETA AB A series of observations is presented concerning divertor heat flux, q(div), in the DIII-D tokamak, and it is shown that many features can be accounted for by assuming that the heat flux flows preferentially along field lines because tau(parallel to) < tau(perpendicular to) in the scrape-off layer (SOL). Exceptions to this agreement are pointed out and the discrepancies explained by means of two dimensional (2-D) effects. About 80% of the discharge input power can be accounted for. The power deposited on the target plate due to enhanced losses during edge localized modes (ELMs) is less than 10% of the total target power in most cases. X point height scans for lower single null (LSN) diverted discharges show that the peak heat flux variation is primarily due to flux expansion and secondarily due to transport of energy across the magnetic field in the divertor. At the outer strike point q(div,peak) proportional to P-in(I-p - I-p,I-0)G(g(in))(1/B-t)(4/9)(B-div/B-mp)f(L-div,chi(perpendicular to)), where G is a linear function of the inner gap, g(in), over a specified range and f describes cross-field energy transport in the divertor. Evidence of radial in-out asymmetries (comparing the outer strike point with the inner strike point or centre-post) and toroidal asymmetries in q(div) is presented and the heat flux peaking due to tile gaps and misalignment of tiles is examined. For magnetically balanced double null (DN) discharges with downward del B ion drift, it is found that q(div) is inherently higher in the lower divertor than in the upper divertor, having a 3:1 downward bias. Examples of heat flux reduction by gas puffing deuterium or neon in LSN and DN discharges are given. At least a threefold reduction of the peak heat flux in both the upper and lower diverters of a DN discharge, using D-2 puffing, is reported. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Lasnier, CJ (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 54 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD AUG PY 1998 VL 38 IS 8 BP 1225 EP 1249 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/38/8/209 PG 25 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 126PV UT WOS:000076303100009 ER PT J AU Back, BB Betts, RR Gillitzer, A Henning, WF Hofman, DJ Nanal, V Wuosmaa, AH Ganz, R Holzman, B McLeod, D Binns, WR Epstein, JW AF Back, BB Betts, RR Gillitzer, A Henning, WF Hofman, DJ Nanal, V Wuosmaa, AH Ganz, R Holzman, B McLeod, D Binns, WR Epstein, JW TI A beam vertex detector using scintillating fibers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article AB A beam vertex detector system based on 200 mu m square scintillating fibers has been built and utilized in an experiment with 6,8, and 10.8 GeV/u Au-197 beams with intensities of up to 3 x 10(5) particles per 1.6s spill at the AGS at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The position of each beam particle traversing the target which subsequently caused a trigger was determined with a precision of sigma similar or equal to 150 mu m, independent of beam intensity. The detection efficiency exceeded 99% per detector layer. Information on radiation damage with relativistic heavy ions was obtained. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63146 USA. RP Back, BB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Holzman, Burt/0000-0001-5235-6314 NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 412 IS 2-3 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00096-5 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 116AB UT WOS:000075697800002 ER PT J AU Allman, BE Jacobson, DL Lee, WT Littrell, KC Werner, SA AF Allman, BE Jacobson, DL Lee, WT Littrell, KC Werner, SA TI Neutron interferometry instrumentation at MURR SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE neutron interferometry; neutron optics; neutron polarization; quantum optics ID INDUCED QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; PHASE-SHIFT; NUCLEAR-RESONANCE; DYNAMICAL PHASES; COHERENCE; MATTER; MECHANICS; ROTATION; GRAVITY AB During the last two decades more than 35 fundamental quantum interference experiments have been performed using the perfect-silicon-crystal neutron interferometer. About one-half of these experiments have been carried out at the University of Missouri Research Reactor Center (MURR). In this paper we describe in some detail the instrumentation and the neutron optics of the two neutron interferometry setups currently situated at this 10 MW reactor. (C) 1998 Elseveir Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Res Reactor Ctr, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Werner, SA (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM werner@nopt.physics.missouri.edu RI Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 412 IS 2-3 BP 392 EP 419 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00479-3 PG 28 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 116AB UT WOS:000075697800021 ER PT J AU Ho, WCG Boggs, SE Lin, RP Slassi-Sennou, S Madden, NW Pehl, RH Hull, EL AF Ho, WCG Boggs, SE Lin, RP Slassi-Sennou, S Madden, NW Pehl, RH Hull, EL TI Pulse-shape discrimination techniques for correcting the effects of radiation damage in germanium coaxial detectors SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE germanium; detectors; gamma-ray; radiation damage ID REDUCTION AB Pusle-shape discrimination (PSD) techniques on current pulses from coaxial germanium detectors can significantly correct for charge losses due to hole trapping caused by radiation damage. Numerical simulations of PSD indicate that by measuring the two largest photon interaction locations and correcting the energy depositions separately, a significant recovery of the energy resolution and the Gaussian line shape of narrow lines in radiation damaged detectors can be obtained. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Boggs, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Grizzle Peak Blvd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Boggs, Steven/E-4170-2015 OI Boggs, Steven/0000-0001-9567-4224 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 412 IS 2-3 BP 507 EP 514 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00359-3 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 116AB UT WOS:000075697800030 ER PT J AU Moxom, J Xu, J Laricchia, G Hulett, LD Schrader, DM Kobayashi, Y Somieski, B Lewis, TA AF Moxom, J Xu, J Laricchia, G Hulett, LD Schrader, DM Kobayashi, Y Somieski, B Lewis, TA TI Fragmentation and ionization of CH3F by positron and electron Impact SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Low Energy Positron and Positronium Physics CY JUL 15-18, 1997 CL UNIV NOTTINGHAM, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND HO UNIV NOTTINGHAM ID ANNIHILATION; ATTACHMENT; MOLECULES; FLUORIDE AB New data for the fragmentation of CH3F by low energy e(+) using an improved spectrometer are presented. The positively charged fragment ions are detected and mass analyzed using a time-of;flight mass spectrometer and the ion yields are measured as a function of impact energy. For comparison, corresponding data have been obtained for e(-) scattering, using a similar apparatus, (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. Marquette Univ, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Natl Inst Mat & Chem Res, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 1998 VL 143 IS 1-2 BP 112 EP 120 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(98)00205-5 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 113UY UT WOS:000075573100016 ER PT J AU Ward, SJ Macek, JH Ovchinnikov, SY AF Ward, SJ Macek, JH Ovchinnikov, SY TI Hidden crossing theory applied to positronium formation SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Low Energy Positron and Positronium Physics CY JUL 15-18, 1997 CL UNIV NOTTINGHAM, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND HO UNIV NOTTINGHAM DE positronium formation; positron-hydrogen collisions; hidden crossing theory ID CLOSE-COUPLING CALCULATION; S-WAVE POSITRON; HYDROGEN SCATTERING; THRESHOLD IONIZATION; LOW ENERGIES; SECTIONS; COLLISIONS; IMPACT; ATOMS; CHANNEL AB The hidden crossing theory that employs the hyperspherical representation has been applied to Ps-formation in positron-hydrogen collisions in the Ore gap. S-, P- and D-wave cross-sections have been computed. For S-wave scattering, there occurs almost complete destructive interference between the two amplitudes that correspond to different paths leading to Ps-formation, However, for the D-wave there occurs almost complete constructive interference. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Ward, SJ (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, POB 305370, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RI Ovchinnikov, Serguei/C-4994-2014 NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 1998 VL 143 IS 1-2 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(97)00989-0 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 113UY UT WOS:000075573100025 ER PT J AU Alton, GD Welton, RF Cui, B Murray, SN Mills, GD AF Alton, GD Welton, RF Cui, B Murray, SN Mills, GD TI A new concept positive (negative) surface ionization source equipped with a high porosity ionizer SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE ion source; surface ionization; negative surface ionization; positive surface ionization ID ION-BEAM FACILITY AB A versatile, new concept, spherical-geometry, positive (negative) surface-ionization source has been designed, fabricated, and initial tests completed which can operate in either positive- or negative-ion beam generation modes without mechanical changes to the source. The highly permeable, composite Ir/C has an intrinsic work function of phi = 5.29 eV and can be used directly for the generation of positive-ion beams of highly electropositive elements. For negative-surface ionization, the work function is lowered by dynamic flow of a highly electropositive adsorbate such as Cs through the ionizer matrix. The results of initial testing indicate that the source is reliable, stable and easy to operate, with efficiencies for Cs+ conservatively estimated to exceed 60% and as high as similar to 50% for F- generation. However, the overall ionization efficiency for F- formation and extraction is similar to 1% due to the low efficiency for thermal dissociation of the carrier molecules (assumed to be CsF and AlF). The design features, operational principles, and initial performance of the source for generating Cs+ and F+, when operated with Cs, are discussed in this article. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci Engn, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Alton, GD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM gda@mail.phy.ornl.gov NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 1998 VL 142 IS 4 BP 578 EP 591 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(98)00339-5 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 110CM UT WOS:000075362600015 ER PT J AU Berning, DE Katti, KV Volkert, WA Higginbotham, CJ Ketring, AR AF Berning, DE Katti, KV Volkert, WA Higginbotham, CJ Ketring, AR TI Au-198-labeled hydroxymethyl phosphines as models for potential therapeutic pharmaceuticals SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gold-198; water-soluble phosphines; radiopharmaceuticals ID COORDINATED GOLD COMPOUND; INVIVO ANTITUMOR-ACTIVITY; CYTO-TOXIC PROPERTIES; COMPLEXES; RADIONUCLIDES; PALLADIUM; AURANOFIN; PLATINUM; NICKEL AB The development of novel gold-198 complexes with water-soluble phosphines is reported. A series of cationic and hydrophilic Au-198 complexes containing the ligands tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (THP, 1)1,2-bis[bis(hydroxymethyl)phosphino]benzene (HMPB, 2), and 1,2-bis[bis( hydroxymethyl)phosphino]ethane (HMPE, 3) were prepared and evaluated as models for potential gold-199 radiopharmaceuticals. The Au-198 complexes were formed in high radiochemical purity by simply mixing (HAuCl4)-Au-198 with the respective ligand. The complexes were shown to exhibit high in vitro stability over wide pH ranges and temperatures. However, only the Au-198(HMPB)(2)(+) complex was found to exhibit good in vivo stability. HPLC analyses indicated that the Au-198 complexes with these three phosphine ligands produced singular species with similar retention times as compared to their known macroscopic complexes. NUCL MED BIOL 25;6: 577-583 1998. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Univ Missouri, Ctr Radiol Res, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. Univ Missouri, Missouri Univ Res Reactor, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. HS Truman Mem VA Hosp, Columbia, MO 65203 USA. RP Berning, DE (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM dherning@nrel.nrel.gov NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0969-8051 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 25 IS 6 BP 577 EP 583 DI 10.1016/S0969-8051(98)00023-7 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 104QG UT WOS:000075024800010 PM 9751426 ER PT J AU Garcia, HE AF Garcia, HE TI Modeling and control of a sodium conversion process applied to nuclear decommissioning activities SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE simulation; waste management; sodium conversion control AB Production of sodium hydroxide has been an important process in the chemical industry Sodium hydroxide can be derived in several ways. One way in particular is based on combining liquid sodium with water in a caustic medium. This reaction has appeared in the nuclear industry as an important process in current decommissioning activities for liquid-metal nuclear reactors. The significance is explained as follows. Liquid-metal reactors often use liquid sodium as a heat transfer medium. Being radioactive and chemically reactive, this sodium is a mixed waste that must be processed before disposal. An accepted solution is to convert the radioactive liquid sodium to sodium carbonate, a chemically inert;low-level waste suitable for near-surface burial. The conversion can be carried out in two independent processes. A first process converts sodium to sodium hydroxide. A second process converts the resulting caustic product to sodium carbonate. The former process is addressed, i.e., the chemical process of combining sodium with water in a caustic medium to produce additional sodium hydroxide. Because of the particular dynamics, characterizing this chemical process is important to predict plant behavior to central actions, disturbances and upsetting conditions. To this end, the describing formulations of this conversion are derived in a particular physical assembly! Based on the resulting description, a computer model was developed from mass and energy balance equations, swelling predictions, and hydraulic relationships present in the system. The model was then used to synthesize a simple control strategy and to analyze its performance. In particular the control algorithms that regulate the sodium, water and caustic flows are discussed. The controllers were then validated by computer simulation, and some plant responses are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Garcia, HE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 123 IS 2 BP 166 EP 183 PG 18 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 102LZ UT WOS:000074927000005 ER PT J AU Canaan, RE Klein, DE AF Canaan, RE Klein, DE TI A numerical investigation of natural convection heat transfer within horizontal spent-fuel assemblies SO NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE natural convection; spent nuclear fuel computational fluid dynamics AB A numerical investigation of natural convection heat transfer is carried out for a single, horizontal; spent-fuel assembly in an environment typical of spent-fuel transportation systems as well as some dry storage/disposal scenarios. The objective is to predict computationally the convective heat transfer trends for horizontal spent fuel and to compare the results to data taken in a supporting experimental effort The predicted data consist of thermal and flow fields throughout the assembly for a wide range of Rayleigh number as well as numerically obtained Nusselt-number data that are correlated as a function of Rayleigh number Both laminar and turbulent approaches are examined for a Boussinesq fluid with Pr = 0. 7. The data predict the existence of a conduction-dominated regime, a transition regime, and a convection regime. Compared with the laminar approach, a significant improvement in the predicted Nusselt number is obtained for large Rayleigh numbers when a turbulence model is employed This lends additional support to the experimental evidence that a transition to turbulent flow occurs for Rayleigh numbers greater than 10(7). Overall, the numerically predicted heat transfer trends compare well with previously obtained experimental data, and the computed assembly Nusselt numbers generally reside within the range of experimental uncertainty. The predicted thermal and flow fields further provide a numerical flow visualization capability that enhances the understanding of natural convection in horizontal spent fuel and allows improved physical interpretation of the experimental data. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Texas Syst, Austin, TX 78701 USA. RP Canaan, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-470,7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0029-5450 J9 NUCL TECHNOL JI Nucl. Technol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 123 IS 2 BP 193 EP 208 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 102LZ UT WOS:000074927000007 ER PT J AU Paisley, DL Schelev, MY AF Paisley, DL Schelev, MY TI High-speed photography SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Gen Phys, Moscow, Russia. RP Paisley, DL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Schelev, Mikhail/A-6127-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA POB 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 37 IS 8 BP 2204 EP 2204 DI 10.1117/1.601732 PG 1 WC Optics SC Optics GA 113XA UT WOS:000075578100002 ER PT J AU Shangguan, HQ Casperson, LW Paisley, DL Prahl, SA AF Shangguan, HQ Casperson, LW Paisley, DL Prahl, SA TI Photographic studies of laser-induced bubble formation in absorbing liquids and on submerged targets: Implications for drug delivery with microsecond laser pulses SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE laser-induced cavitation bubble; localized drug delivery; high-speed photography; hydrodynamic pressure ID CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY; ABLATION; MECHANISMS; GELATIN AB Pulsed laser ablation of blood clots in a fluid-filled blood vessel is accompanied by an explosive evaporation process. The resulting vapor bubble rapidly expands and collapses to disrupt the thrombus (blood clot). The hydrodynamic pressures following the bubble expansion and collapse can also be used as a driving force to deliver clot-dissolving agents into thrombus for enhancement of laser thrombolysis. Thus, the laser-induced bubble formation plays an important role in the thrombus removal process. We investigate the effects of boundary configurations and materials on bubble formation with time-resolved flash photography and high-speed photography. Potential applications in drug delivery using microsecond laser pulses are also discussed. (C) 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Oregon Med Laser Ctr, Portland, OR 97225 USA. Univ Rochester, Inst Opt, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester Theory Ctr Opt Sci & Engn, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Oregon Med Laser Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Shangguan, HQ (reprint author), Oregon Med Laser Ctr, 9205 SW Barnes Rd, Portland, OR 97225 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA POB 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 37 IS 8 BP 2217 EP 2226 DI 10.1117/1.601738 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 113XA UT WOS:000075578100005 ER PT J AU Honea, EC Ebbers, CA Beach, RJ Speth, JA Skidmore, JA Emanuel, MA Payne, SA AF Honea, EC Ebbers, CA Beach, RJ Speth, JA Skidmore, JA Emanuel, MA Payne, SA TI Analysis of an intracavity-doubled diode-pumped Q-switched Nd : YAG laser producing more than 100 W of power at 0.532 mu m SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUX-GROWN KTIOPO4; HARMONIC-GENERATION; OPTIMIZATION AB A diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser was frequency doubled to 0.532 mu m with an intracavity KTiOPO4 crystal in a V-cavity arrangement, achieving an output power of 140 W. Acousto-optic Q switching was employed at repetition rates of 10-30 kHz, and the beam quality was assessed at M-2 approximate to 50. It was deduced on the basis of our model that the strength of the nonlinear frequency conversion is the main parameter determining the pulse width. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Honea, EC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-441, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 25 TC 66 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 23 IS 15 BP 1203 EP 1205 DI 10.1364/OL.23.001203 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 104QC UT WOS:000075024400019 PM 18087474 ER PT J AU de Boissieu, M Boudard, M Ishimasa, T Elkaim, E Lauriat, JP Letoublon, A Audier, M Duneau, M Davroski, A AF de Boissieu, M Boudard, M Ishimasa, T Elkaim, E Lauriat, JP Letoublon, A Audier, M Duneau, M Davroski, A TI Reversible transformation between an icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn phase and a modulated structure of cubic symmetry SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID QUASI-CRYSTALS; X-RAY; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; QUASICRYSTALS; ELASTICITY; ALLOYS; ALCUFE AB A new Al-Pd-Mn phase, called F2(M), and its reversible transformation into an icosahedral structure at high temperatures were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by in-situ X-ray diffraction using synchrotron light sources. The phase F2(M) appears to be closely related to the F2 super-ordered icosahedral phase identified by Ishimasa and Mori (1992, Phil. Mag. Lett., 71, 65) and has almost the same chemical composition. As identified by TEM, its structure is of cubic symmetry and non-periodic. An overall icosahedral symmetry results with crystallographic orientational relationships between domains of cubic symmetry. The room-temperature X-ray diffraction pattern presents first- and second-order satellite reflections around the main and superstructure Bragg peaks of the F2 phase. They are located along directions parallel to threefold axes with a wave-vector equal to a quarter of a six-dimensional reciprocal-lattice vector of the icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn lattice. In a first approximation, these satellites reflections can be interpreted considering the superposition of ten independent cosine phason waves having a polarization along threefold axes in the perpendicular space. Above 740 degrees C, the F2(M) phase transforms into an icosahedral structure. Below 740 degrees C, the reverse transformation was observed with kinetics in agreement with an atom-diffusion-controlled mechanism. When going through the phase transition from the high-temperature phase, all high-Q(perpendicular to) reflections have their intensity strongly decreased whereas satellites reflections appears around them in agreement with a scheme of a phason-driven phase transition. Annealing of the sample at 650 degrees C after rapid cooling from 750 degrees C led to an F2 phase with a large amount of Q(perpendicular to)-dependent diffuse scattering instead of satellites reflections. C1 Universite Joseph Fourier, Ecole Natl Super Electrochim & Electrome Grenoble, Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, CNRS,UMR 5614,Lab Thermodynam & Physicochim Met, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Nagoya Univ, Sch Engn, Dept Nucl Engn, Nagoya, Aichi 46401, Japan. Univ Paris Sud, Lab Utilisat Rayonnement Electromagnet, F-91405 Orsay, France. Ecole Polytech, Ctr Phys Theor, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. NSLS, Brookhaven, NY USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. RP de Boissieu, M (reprint author), Universite Joseph Fourier, Ecole Natl Super Electrochim & Electrome Grenoble, Inst Natl Polytech Grenoble, CNRS,UMR 5614,Lab Thermodynam & Physicochim Met, BP 75, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. RI Ishimasa, Tsutomu/F-4509-2010 NR 39 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON EC4A 3DE, ENGLAND SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 78 IS 2 BP 305 EP 326 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 107PG UT WOS:000075217300004 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, RN Blaugher, RD Ren, ZF Li, W Wang, JH Paranthaman, M Verebelyi, DT Christen, DK AF Bhattacharya, RN Blaugher, RD Ren, ZF Li, W Wang, JH Paranthaman, M Verebelyi, DT Christen, DK TI Superconducting thallium oxide films by the electrodeposition method SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE thick-film; electrodeposition; Tl-oxides AB A low cost electrodeposition method is tested for the fabricating high-temperature superconducting wire or tape. Recent studies on the development of biaxially textured electrodeposited (ED) films on Ag-coated, single-crystal substrates are reported, pole-figure measurements of electrodeposited (Tl)-Ba-Ca-Cu-O and (TI, Bi)-(Sr, Ba)-Ca-Cu-Ag-O films on 300 Angstrom Ag/LaAlO3, with thickness between 1 and 5 mu m, clearly show strong biaxial texturing. The omega scan and phi scan of (TlBi)(0.9)Sr1.6Ba0.4Ca2Cu3Ag0.2Ox indicate the full width half maximum (FWHM) of only 0.9 degrees and 1.2 degrees, respectively, which indicate a very high-quality film prepared by electrodeposition process. Transport measurements for the ED films show values of 3 x 10(5) A/cm(2) at 77 K in zero field. Single-layer thallium-oxide films, with Pb, Bi, and Sr substitution, offer the potential for operation at 77 K in practical magnetic fields of 3-5 T. (C) 1998 published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, CAPEM, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bhattacharya, RN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Ren, Zhifeng/B-4275-2014; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 8 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 304 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(98)00277-9 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 113HK UT WOS:000075544700008 ER PT J AU Carlson, CM Price, JC Parilla, PA Ginley, DS Niles, D Blaugher, RD Goyal, A Paranthaman, M Kroeger, DM Christen, DK AF Carlson, CM Price, JC Parilla, PA Ginley, DS Niles, D Blaugher, RD Goyal, A Paranthaman, M Kroeger, DM Christen, DK TI Laser-ablated epitaxial LaAlO3 buffer layers on biaxially textured Ni substrates for superconducting tapes SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE LaAlO3; buffer layers; biaxial texture; rolled-Ni substrates; pulsed laser deposition ID FILMS; YBA2CU3O7-X; SILICON AB Reported here is a new epitaxial buffer layer configuration on biaxially textured Ni substrates for high temperature superconducting films. The hetero-epitaxial LaAlO3/SrTiO3/CeO2/Ni structure was grown using pulsed laser deposition and is the first demonstrated epitaxial deposition of LaA10(3) on a metal substrate. This buffer configuration was designed specifically for, but is not limited to, the Tl-based superconducting materials for which LaA10(3) has been shown to be the optimum substrate to date. The epitaxy and crystal quality of these layers were investigated using X-ray diffraction including 0/20 and pole figure analysis, which showed that the consistency of the SrTiO3 orientation requires further optimization. Atomic force microscopy measurements revealed initial films that, although epitaxial, have a cracked morphology. The formation mechanism of these cracks and their subsequent elimination are discussed. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Carlson, CM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531 NR 13 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 304 IS 1-2 BP 82 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(98)00274-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 113HK UT WOS:000075544700011 ER PT J AU Benioff, P AF Benioff, P TI Quantum robots and environments SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL AUTOMATA; COMPUTATION; COMPUTERS; NETWORKS; STATES; CANNOT AB Quantum robots and their interactions with environments of quantum systems are described, and their study justified. A quantum robot is a mobile quantum system that includes an on-board quantum computer and needed ancillary systems. Quantum robots carry out tasks whose goals include specified changes in the state of the environment, or carrying out measurements on the environment. Each task is a sequence of alternating computation and action phases. Computation phase activites include determination of the action to be carried out in the next phase, and recording of information on neighborhood environmental system states. Action phase activities include motion of the quantum robot and changes in the neighborhood environment system states. Models of quantum robots and their interactions with environments are described using discrete space and time. A unitary step operator T that gives the single time step dynamics is associated with each task. T=T-a+T-c is a sum of action phase and computation phase step operators. Conditions that T-a and T-c should satisfy are given along with a description of the evolution as a sum over paths of completed phase input and output states. A simple example of a task-carrying out a measurement on a very simple environment-is analyzed in detail. A decision tree for the task is presented and discussed in terms of the sums over phase paths. It is seen that no definite times or durations are associated with the phase steps in the tree, and-that the tree describes the successive phase steps in each path in the sum over phase paths. [S1050-2947(98)03408-8]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benioff, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 56 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 893 EP 904 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.893 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 110NA UT WOS:000075386200020 ER PT J AU Belkacem, A Claytor, N Dinneen, T Feinberg, B Gould, H AF Belkacem, A Claytor, N Dinneen, T Feinberg, B Gould, H TI Electron capture from pair production by Au79+ at 10.8 GeV/nucleon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; DEPENDENCE; ENERGY AB Cross sections for electron capture from pair production by 10.8-GeV/nucleon (gamma=12.6) bare Au78+ ions have been measured in Au, Ag, Cu, and Al targets. These measurements can be compared with calculations used to predict beam lifetimes in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory and Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Experiment and calculations are compared. [S1050-2947(98)06808-5]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Belkacem, A (reprint author), Fresnel Technol Inc, 101 W Morningside Dr, Ft Worth, TX 76110 USA. NR 14 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 1253 EP 1255 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.1253 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 110NA UT WOS:000075386200057 ER PT J AU Payne, MG Deng, L Garrett, WR AF Payne, MG Deng, L Garrett, WR TI Theory of the effect of odd-photon destructive interference on optical shifts in resonantly enhanced multiphoton excitation and ionization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; INDUCED POPULATION FLUCTUATIONS; DEPENDENT QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; LASER-INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; BROAD-BANDWIDTH LASERS; 3RD-HARMONIC GENERATION; 2-PHOTON ABSORPTION; 2-LEVEL ATOMS; SODIUM VAPOR; FIELDS AB We present a theory for two- and three-photon excitation, optical shifting, and four-wave mixing when a first laser is tuned onto, or near, a two-photon resonance and a second much more intense laser is tuned near or on resonance between the two-photon resonance and a second excited state. When the second excited state has a dipole-allowed transition back to the ground state and the concentration is sufficiently high, a destructive interference is produced between three-photon coupling of the ground state and the second excited slate and one-photon coupling between the same states by the internally generated four-wave mixing field. This interference leads to several striking effects. For instance, as the onset of the interference occurs, the optical shifts in the two-photon resonance excitation line shape become smaller in copropagating geometry so that the line shapes for multiphoton ionization enhanced by the two-photon resonance eventually become unaffected by the second laser. In the same range of concentrations the four-wave mixing field evolves to a concentration-independent intensity. With counterpropagating laser beams the line shape exhibits normal optical shifts like those observed for both copropagating and counterpropagating laser beams at very low concentrations. The theoretical work presented here extends our earlier works by including the effect of laser bandwidth and by removing the restriction of having the second laser be tuned far from three-photon resonance. In this way we have now included, as a special case, the effect of both laser bandwidth and interference on laser-induced transparency. Unlike other effects related to odd-photon destructive interference, the effect of a broad bandwidth is to bring about the predicted effects at much lower concentrations. Studies in rubidium show good agreement between theory and experiment for both ionization line shapes and four-wave mixing intensity as a function of concentration. [S1050-2947(98)04408-4]. C1 Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Phys Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Payne, MG (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RI Deng, Lu/B-3997-2012 NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 1361 EP 1371 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.1361 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 110NA UT WOS:000075386200070 ER PT J AU Ioffe, A Jacobson, DL Arif, M Vrana, M Werner, SA Fischer, P Greene, GL Mezei, F AF Ioffe, A Jacobson, DL Arif, M Vrana, M Werner, SA Fischer, P Greene, GL Mezei, F TI Precision neutron-interferometric measurement of the coherent neutron-scattering length in silicon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB The neutron-interferometry (NI) technique provides a precise and direct way to measure the bound, coherent scattering lengths b of low-energy neutrons in solids, liquids, or gases. The potential accuracy of NI to measure b has not been fully realized in past experiments, due to systematic sources of error. We have used a method which eliminates two of the main sources of error to measure the scattering length of silicon with a relative standard uncertainty of 0.005%. The resulting value, b=4.1507(2) fm, is in agreement with the current accepted value, but has an uncertainty five times smaller. [S1050-2947(98)04808-2]. C1 Hahn Meitner Inst Kernforsch Berlin GmbH, Berlin Neutron Scattering Ctr, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Leningrad Distr, Russia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ioffe, A (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 1475 EP 1479 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.1475 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 110NA UT WOS:000075386200080 ER PT J AU Moreno, CH Marconi, MC Shlyaptsev, VN Benware, BR Macchietto, CD Chilla, JLA Rocca, JJ Osterheld, AL AF Moreno, CH Marconi, MC Shlyaptsev, VN Benware, BR Macchietto, CD Chilla, JLA Rocca, JJ Osterheld, AL TI Two-dimensional near-field and far-field imaging of a Ne-like Ar capillary discharge table-top soft-x-ray laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB We have performed systematic measurements and numerical modeling of the divergence and exit beam size of a 46.9 nm Ne-like Ar capillary discharge pumped soft-x-ray amplifier. Two-dimensional near-field and far-field measurements were obtained over a wide range of discharge parameters. The spot size and divergence of the laser beam were observed to increase significantly with decreasing discharge pressure. Simultaneously, the beam intensity distribution changed from a single peak pattern to an annular profile. These effects are shown to be the result of increased refraction of the soft-x-ry beam, caused by larger density gradients in the plasma columns of the lower pressure discharges. The spatial images are nearly cylindrically symmetric, and have less structure than those reported in the literature for laser-driven soft-x-ray lasers. Beam profiles synthesized by model calculations are found to be in good agreement with the recorded images. The obtained images in combination with the model computations clarify the origin of the different beam patterns that are observed in capillary discharge soft-x-ray laser experiments. [S1050-2947(98)09208-7]. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Exactas & Nat, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Moreno, CH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 11 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 1509 EP 1514 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.58.1509 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 110NA UT WOS:000075386200086 ER PT J AU Bardeau, JF Bulou, A Swanson, BI Hennion, B AF Bardeau, JF Bulou, A Swanson, BI Hennion, B TI Inelastic-neutron-scattering studies of a quasi-one-dimensional charge-density-wave system: Characterization of interchain interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID METAL-COMPLEXES; MX CHAINS; SOLITONS; POLARONS; PHOTOGENERATION; STATES; CL AB The low-frequency part of the phonon spectrum of perdeuterated-[Pt(en)(2)][Pt(en)(2)I-2](ClO4)(4) (where en = 1,2-diaminoethane) has been measured by inelastic neutron scattering. Longitudinal optical branches quasi-parallel to the acoustic ones are observed along the [xi 00] and [0 xi 0] directions, revealing the existence of a weak coupling of the PtI charge-density-wave chains with their environment. The whole data, obtained in the (a*,b*) reciprocal plane, are well described by a two-dimensional model that allowed the determination of the coupling constant and gaps for thr q=0 wave vector. The linear temperature dependence of the phonon energies indicates an increase in interchain interactions on cooling. [S0163-1829(98)04329-X]. C1 Univ Maine, Lab PEC, F-72085 Le Mans, France. LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CEN Saclay, LLB, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Bardeau, JF (reprint author), Univ Maine, Lab PEC, F-72085 Le Mans, France. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 2614 EP 2619 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.2614 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 108UQ UT WOS:000075284300050 ER PT J AU Dabrowski, B Rogacki, K Xiong, X Klamut, PW Dybzinski, R Shaffer, J Jorgensen, JD AF Dabrowski, B Rogacki, K Xiong, X Klamut, PW Dybzinski, R Shaffer, J Jorgensen, JD TI Synthesis and properties of the vacancy-free La1-xBaxMnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; DEFECT CHEMISTRY; PHASE-DIAGRAM; TRANSITION; LAMNO3+/-DELTA; LAMNO3; ORDER AB Thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine the synthesis conditions for obtaining samples of the Ba-substituted LaMnO3 with stoichiometric oxygen content. Single-phase and vacancy-free samples of La1-xBaxMnO3 have been prepared for x=0.12-0.24 in air by quenching from 1100-1450 degrees C. The x <0.12 compositions require synthesis under reduced oxygen pressure. The structure was studied using neutron powder diffraction and is discussed in the framework of the tolerance factor concept. At room temperature, the structural transition from orthorhombic to rhombohedral symmetry occurs around x=0.13. The structural, magnetic, and resistive measurements show that properties are similar to the Sr-substituted system for slightly smaller substitution level. Curie temperatures an higher than for the Sr-substituted samples for small x, x = 0.10-0.14, due to a better match of the Mn-O and La(Ba)-O bond lengths, and are slightly lower for larger x, a = 0.20-0.24 due to an increased local distortion. The largest magnetoresistive effect at room temperature was found for x=0.22. By comparing the Ba- and Sr-substituted systems it is shown that structural properties are governed by the ionic sizes while physical properties an controlled by both the ionic sizes and the hole doping. [S0163-1829(98)01529-X]. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Low Temp & Struct Res, PL-50950 Wroclaw, Poland. RP No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 20 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 2716 EP 2723 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.2716 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 108UQ UT WOS:000075284300063 ER PT J AU Abrikosov, AA AF Abrikosov, AA TI Quantum magnetoresistance SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB An explanation is proposed of the unusual magnetoresistance, linear in magnetic field and positive, observed recently in nonstoichiometric silver chalcogenides. The idea is based on thr assumption that these substances are basically gapless semiconductors with a linear energy spectrum. Most of the excess silver atoms form metallic clusters which an doping the remaining material to a very small carrier concentration, so that even in a magnetic field as low as 10 Oe, only one Landau band participates in the conductivity. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Abrikosov, AA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI li, yuan/B-4627-2011 NR 12 TC 285 Z9 288 U1 12 U2 69 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 5 BP 2788 EP 2794 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.2788 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 108UQ UT WOS:000075284300071 ER PT J AU Wang, XD Ye, YY Chan, CT Ho, KM Harmon, BN AF Wang, XD Ye, YY Chan, CT Ho, KM Harmon, BN TI Calculated structural-dependent optical properties of alloys TiNi, TiPd, and TiPt SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NITI AB Electronic structures and optical properties of martensitic alloys TiNi, TiPd, and TiPt in both the low-temperature B19 (B19' in the case of TiNi) and the high-temperature B2 phases are systematically calculated using the flat-principles local density functional approach. Our results on TiNi B2 and B19' phases agree well with the existing experimental data where drastic changes of optical conductivity in the infrared region from B2 to B19' phase were observed. Our results show that optical matrix elements are important in understanding the optical properties of these alloys, especially in obtaining the correct peak intensities. Because of the different crystalline symmetry between the low-temperature B19 (B19' in the case of TiNi) phase and the high-temperature B2 phase, different polarization dependence in the optical conductivity of the two phases is expected. We present the polarization-dependent optical conductivities in these martensitic alloys. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Wuhan Univ, Ctr Anal & Testing, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50014 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 6 BP 2964 EP 2968 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.2964 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110BN UT WOS:000075359500015 ER PT J AU Gaididei, YB Hendriksen, D Christiansen, PL Rasmussen, KO AF Gaididei, YB Hendriksen, D Christiansen, PL Rasmussen, KO TI Stationary states of the two-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger model with disorder SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EQUATION; LOCALIZATION; EXCITATIONS; COMPETITION; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; SOLITONS; SYSTEMS; MEDIA AB Solitonlike excitations in the presence of disorder in the two-dimensional cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation are analyzed. The continuum as well as the discrete problem are analyzed. In the continuum model, otherwise unstable excitations are stabilized in the presence of disorder. In the discrete model, the disorder is found to leave the narrow excitations unaffected. Our results suggest that the disorder provides a possibility to control the spatial extent of the stable excitations in the continuum system. C1 Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Math Modelling, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bogolyubov Inst Theoret Phys, UA-252143 Kiev, Ukraine. RP Gaididei, YB (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Math Modelling, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RI Rasmussen, Kim/B-5464-2009; Christiansen, Peter /A-7978-2011 OI Rasmussen, Kim/0000-0002-4029-4723; Christiansen, Peter /0000-0002-1465-9987 NR 32 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 6 BP 3075 EP 3081 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.3075 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110BN UT WOS:000075359500029 ER PT J AU Ravindran, P Johansson, B Eriksson, O AF Ravindran, P Johansson, B Eriksson, O TI Electronic structure, chemical bonding, phase stability, and ground-state properties of YNi2-x(Co/Cu)(x)B2C SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL BOROCARBIDES; RNI(2)B(2)C R=RARE EARTH; SUPERCONDUCTING LUNI2B2C; RARE-EARTH; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; QUATERNARY COMPOUNDS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BRILLOUIN-ZONE; BORIDE CARBIDE AB In order to understand the role of Ni site substitution on the electronic structure and chemical bonding in YNi2B2C, we have made systematic electronic-structure studies on YNi2B2C as a function of Co and Cu substitution using the supercell approach within the local density approximation. The equilibrium volume, bulk modulus (B-0) and its pressure derivative (B-0'), Gruneisen constant (gamma(G)), Debye temperature (Theta(D)), cohesive energy (E-c), and heat of formation (Delta H) are calculated for YNi2-x(Co/Cu)(x)B2C, (x = 0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2). From the total energy, electron-energy band structure, site decomposed density of states, and charge-density contour we have analyzed the structural stability and chemical bonding behavior of YNi2B2C as a function of Co/Cu substitution. We find that the simple rigid band model successfully explains the electronic structure and structural stability of Co/Cu substitution for Ni. In addition to studying the chemical bonding and electronic structure we present a somewhat speculative analysis of the general trends in the behavior of critical temperature for superconductivity as a function of alloying. C1 Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ravindran, P (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, Condensed Matter Theory Grp, Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Eriksson, Olle/E-3265-2014 OI Eriksson, Olle/0000-0001-5111-1374 NR 68 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 6 BP 3381 EP 3393 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.3381 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110BN UT WOS:000075359500066 ER PT J AU Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Welp, U Crabtree, GW Gunter, D Kabanov, VV Nikitenko, VI Paulius, LM AF Vlasko-Vlasov, VK Welp, U Crabtree, GW Gunter, D Kabanov, VV Nikitenko, VI Paulius, LM TI Meissner holes and turbulent structures in superconductors in unidirectional and rotating fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID II SUPERCONDUCTORS; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; HYSTERESIS LOSSES; FLUX; DISKS; IRREVERSIBILITY; MACROTURBULENCE; ANISOTROPY; VORTICES; CRYSTALS AB Flux distributions on different faces of YBCO crystal plates remagnetized by unidirectional and rotating fields are studied using advanced magneto-optical techniques. Bending of vortex lines is shown to be crucial for the remagnetization process even in plates with large width to thickness ratios in in-plane fields. Closed vortex loops smaller than a critical radius collapse, forming a Aux-free cylinder: the Meissner hole. This results in the collection of superconducting currents into cords along the Meissner holes and the formation of turbulent flux patterns. Similar structures and unusual patterns are found when the field is rotated in the basal or end face plane. Values of the currents in the structures are retrieved from fits of measured Aux profiles by model current distributions. The remagnetization patterns revealed in rotating fields are important for understanding the behavior of superconducting parts in motors and levitating devices. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Moscow 142432, Russia. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Vlasko-Vlasov, VK (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Moscow 142432, Russia. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 6 BP 3446 EP 3456 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.3446 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110BN UT WOS:000075359500072 ER PT J AU Su, X Zuo, F Schlueter, JA Kini, AM Williams, JM AF Su, X Zuo, F Schlueter, JA Kini, AM Williams, JM TI 80K anomaly and its effect on the superconducting and magnetic transition in deuterated kappa-(BEDT-TTF)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Br SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DI-TETRAMETHYLTETRASELENAFULVALENIUM-PERCHLORATE; (TMTSF)2CLO4; KAPPA-(BEDT-TTF)2CUBR; K-(BEDT-TTF)2CUBR AB In this paper, we report careful transport and magnetic measurements on single crystals of deuterated kappa-(ET)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2))]Br. By cooling the sample at different rates, it is found that cooling through 80 K has a dramatic effect on the normal state metal-insulator transition and the superconducting transition temperatures. In-plane resistivity depends strongly on the cooling rate for temperatures below 80 K, above which all resistivity curves cooled at different rates converge. By comparing it with the nondeuterated salt and the quasi-ID Bechgaard salt, we speculate that 80 K corresponds to a structural phase transition in the anion chain. Fast cooling through 80 K will freeze the high temperature magnetic phase to low temperatures and the presence of local magnetic moments suppresses the superconducting T-c. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Sci Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Su, X (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RI Kini, Aravinda/F-4467-2012 NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 6 BP R2944 EP R2947 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.R2944 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 110BN UT WOS:000075359500010 ER PT J AU Huber, D Friar, JL AF Huber, D Friar, JL TI The A(y) puzzle and the nuclear force SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ANALYZING POWER; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; CHIRAL LAGRANGIANS; RETARDATION; POTENTIALS AB The nucleon-deuteron analyzing power A, in elastic nucleon-deuteron scattering poses a longstanding puzzle. At energies E-lab below approximately 30 MeV A, cannot be described by any realistic nucleon-nucleon (NN) force. The inclusion of existing three-nucleon forces does not improve the situation. Because of recent questions about the P-3(J) NN phases, we examine whether reasonable changes in the NN force can resolve the puzzle. In order to do this we investigate the effect on the P-3(J) waves produced by changes in different parts of the potential (viz., the central force, tenser force, etc.), as well as on the two-body observables and on A(gamma). We find that it is not possible with reasonable changes in the NN potential to increase the three-body A(gamma) and at the same time to keep the two-body observables unchanged. We therefore conclude that the A(gamma) puzzle is likely to be solved by new three-nucleon forces, such as those of the spin-orbit type, which have not yet been taken into account. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Huber, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B283, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 40 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 674 EP 685 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.674 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800011 ER PT J AU Kangasmaki, A Tikkanen, P Keinonen, J Ormand, WE Raman, S Fulop, Z Kiss, AZ Somorjai, E AF Kangasmaki, A Tikkanen, P Keinonen, J Ormand, WE Raman, S Fulop, Z Kiss, AZ Somorjai, E TI Lifetimes of S-32 levels SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SD-SHELL NUCLEI; QUADRUPOLE-MOMENTS; EXCITED-STATES; 2-TARGET DSAM; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY; TRANSITIONS; SCATTERING; NEUTRONS; AL-27 AB Mean lifetimes of 20 out of 31 bound levels in S-32 below an excitation energy of 8.0 MeV are deduced from the Doppler-broadened gamma-ray Line shapes produced in the reactions H-2(P-31,n gamma)S-32, Si-28(Li-6,pn gamma)S-32, and (31)p(p,gamma)S-32. Of the 20 levels, lifetimes for 4 are reported here for the first time. For the remaining 16 levels, the lifetime values obtained in this work are considered to be more reliable and accurate than those reported in the literature. Compared to lifetime measurements reported in the literature, significant procedural improvements have been made by (i) using the entire line shape in the data analysis, (ii) making measurements with targets implanted in high-stopping-power media, and (iii) simulating with the Monte-Carlo method the slowing-down process, experimental conditions, and the delayed feeding from higher levels to the level being analyzed. The low-lying portion of the level scheme, level lifetimes, gamma-ray branchings, E2/M1 mixing ratios, and reduced transition probabilities are compared with shell-model calculations. The reduced B(E2) values for 16 out of 18 transitions and B(M1) values for 5 out of 10 transitions are reproduced to within a factor of 5. A one-to-one correspondence between 33 experimental and predicted states is established up to 8.2 MeV for both positive- and negative-parity states. C1 Univ Helsinki, Accelerator Lab, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. RP Kangasmaki, A (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Accelerator Lab, POB 43, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RI Fulop, Zsolt/B-2262-2008; Keinonen, Juhani/D-4347-2013 NR 93 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 699 EP 720 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.699 PG 22 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800013 ER PT J AU Wiedenhover, I Vogel, O Klein, H Dewald, A von Brentano, P Gableske, J Krucken, R Nicolay, N Gelberg, A Petkov, P Gizon, A Gizon, J Bazzacco, D Alvarez, CR de Angelis, G Lunardi, S Pavan, P Napoli, DR Frauendorf, S Donau, F Janssens, RVF Carpenter, MP AF Wiedenhover, I Vogel, O Klein, H Dewald, A von Brentano, P Gableske, J Krucken, R Nicolay, N Gelberg, A Petkov, P Gizon, A Gizon, J Bazzacco, D Alvarez, CR de Angelis, G Lunardi, S Pavan, P Napoli, DR Frauendorf, S Donau, F Janssens, RVF Carpenter, MP TI Detailed angular correlation analysis with 4 pi spectrometers: Spin determinations and multipolarity mixing measurements in Ba-128 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB We analyze for the first time the full gamma gamma directional correlations from oriented states (DCO) in an experiment performed with the GASP detector array. Our analysis is based on a transformation of the directional information into expansion coefficients of an orthogonal basis. With this method, which we call SpeeDCO (spectral expansion of DCO), the complete DCO information is concentrated in 12 yy coincidence spectra. The analysis is applicable to all detector arrays which uniformly cover the solid angle. We show that the complete DCO information can be used for a reliable and unique determination of spins and multipolarity mixing ratios in weakly populated bands. We were able to establish the spins and the positive parity of the Delta I= 1 "M1 band" in Ba-128 and multipolarity mixing ratios of nine M1/E2 in-band transitions were derived as well. The measured values are in good agreement with those expected for a high-K rotational band. C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Koln, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Yale Univ, AW Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res & Nucl Energy, BU-1784 Sofia, Bulgaria. Univ Grenoble 1, Inst Nucl Sci, F-38036 Grenoble, France. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padova, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, Padova, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Legnaro, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy. Forschungszentrum Rossendorf EV, D-01219 Dresden, Germany. RP Wiedenhover, I (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Kernphys, D-50937 Koln, Germany. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015; Dewald, Alfred/O-5810-2015; Kruecken, Reiner/A-1640-2013; Napoli, Daniel R./D-9863-2012 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734; Kruecken, Reiner/0000-0002-2755-8042; Napoli, Daniel R./0000-0002-8154-6958 NR 11 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 721 EP 728 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.721 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800014 ER PT J AU Crawford, BE Bowman, JD Delheij, PPJ Haseyama, T Knudson, JN Lowie, LY Masaike, A Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Postma, H Roberson, NR Seestrom, SJ Sharapov, EI Stephenson, SL Yuan, VW AF Crawford, BE Bowman, JD Delheij, PPJ Haseyama, T Knudson, JN Lowie, LY Masaike, A Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Postma, H Roberson, NR Seestrom, SJ Sharapov, EI Stephenson, SL Yuan, VW TI Neutron resonance spectroscopy of Pd-106 and Pd-108 from 20 to 2000 eV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PARITY NONCONSERVATION; COMPOUND-NUCLEUS; VIOLATION; TH-232; U-238 AB Parity nonconserving asymmetries have been measured in p-wave resonances of (106)pd and Pd-108. The data analysis requires knowledge of the neutron resonance parameters. Transmission and capture gamma-ray yields were measured for E-n=20-2000 eV with the time-of-flight method at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). A total of 28 resonances in (106)pd and 32 resonances in (108)pd were studied. The resonance parameters for (106)pd are new for all except one resonance. In (108)pd six new resonances were observed and the precision improved for many of the resonance parameters. A Bayesian analysis was used to assign orbital angular momentum for the resonances studied. C1 Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 60601, Japan. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Delft Univ Technol, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. RP Crawford, BE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/C-3007-2008 OI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/0000-0002-9847-3791 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 729 EP 738 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.729 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800015 ER PT J AU Foy, BD Brenner, DS Davids, CN Seweryniak, D Blumenthal, D Gill, RL Zamfir, NV Warner, DD Barton, CJ AF Foy, BD Brenner, DS Davids, CN Seweryniak, D Blumenthal, D Gill, RL Zamfir, NV Warner, DD Barton, CJ TI Mass measurements of proton-rich medium mass nuclides SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID BETA-DECAY; NUCLEAR AB beta-ray end-point energies for the decay of Er-150 and Er-151 were measured using a plastic scintillator-Ge, beta(+)-gamma coincidence spectrometer. Mass excess values are reported for these nuclides and for members of the cr-decay chain which terminates at Er-151. Our results are compared with predictions of mass formulas and with extrapolations based on systematic properties for other nuclei. C1 Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Yale Univ, WNSL, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. SERC, Daresbury Lab, CCLRC, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Brenner, DS (reprint author), Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. RI Zamfir, Nicolae Victor/F-2544-2011 NR 9 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 749 EP 753 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.749 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800017 ER PT J AU Rupnik, D Zganjar, EF Wood, JL Semmes, PB Mantica, PF AF Rupnik, D Zganjar, EF Wood, JL Semmes, PB Mantica, PF TI Levels of Au-187: A detailed study of shape coexistence in an odd-mass nucleus SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID GOLD ISOTOPES; GROUND-STATE; QUADRUPOLE-MOMENTS; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; PROLATE; TRANSITIONS; OBLATE; TL-187; SPIN; REGION AB The decays of Hg-187 (2.2 min; J(pi)=(13/2+)) and Hg-187 (2.4 min; J pi=(3/2-)) have been studied with mass-separated sources at the UNISOR facility. Multiscaled spectra of gamma rays, x rays, and conversion electrons, as well as gamma gamma t, gamma xt, e gamma t, and ext coincidences were obtained. Decay schemes have been constructed incorporating >99% of the decay intensities assigned to the high-spin and low-spin decays. The gamma-ray gated conversion-electron spectra permitted determination of 367 conversion coefficients. A variety of coexisting band structures are established in (187)AU. Some of these have near-identical analogs in the heavier odd-mass Au isotopes. The remaining bands reveal new degrees of freedom at low excitation energy in (187)AU. Nine electric monopole (EO) transitions are observed to deexcite members of these new bands. The work represents an undertaking to achieve a benchmark in complete spectroscopy following radioactive decay. The most notable band structure in (187)AU has two bands with identical spins, nearly identical relative energies, and electric monopole transitions connecting the favored members. These bands can be understood as pi h(9/2) and pi f(7/2) intruder configurations coupled to coexisting prolate or near-prolate (gamma less than or equal to 20 degrees) cores having diabatic configurations that differ only in the number of protons occupying the N=5 intruder configurations. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, UNISOR, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rupnik, D (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 771 EP 795 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.771 PG 25 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800020 ER PT J AU Paul, ES Boston, AJ Galindo-Uribarri, A Ginter, TN Gross, CJ James, AN Nolan, PJ Page, RD Paul, SD Piechaczek, A Radford, DC Reviol, W Riedinger, LL Scraggs, HC Weintraub, W Yu, CH AF Paul, ES Boston, AJ Galindo-Uribarri, A Ginter, TN Gross, CJ James, AN Nolan, PJ Page, RD Paul, SD Piechaczek, A Radford, DC Reviol, W Riedinger, LL Scraggs, HC Weintraub, W Yu, CH TI Identification of excited states in Ce-125 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ION-BEAM-FACILITY; SUPERDEFORMED BAND; YRAST LINE; NUCLEI; DEFORMATION; MINIMUM; REGION AB Excited states have been identified in neutron-deficient Ce-125(58)67 using the Ni-58(Ge-70,2pn)Ce-125 reaction at 280 and 310 MeV. The experiment was performed at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A gamma-ray array of six clover plus four single-crystal HPGe detectors was used in conjunction with the Recoil Mass Spectrometer, which had a position sensitive avalanche counter (mass A identification) at its focal plane, together with an ionization chamber (charge Z identification). Two band structures assigned to Ce-125 are interpreted as based on the nu h(11/2)[523]7/2(-) and nu d(5/2)[402]5/2(+) Nilsson orbitals, respectively. C1 Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Paul, ES (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. RI radford, David/A-3928-2015 NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 801 EP 807 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.801 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800022 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Sun, Y Riedinger, LL Guidry, M AF Zhang, J Sun, Y Riedinger, LL Guidry, M TI Lack of additivity in mass-190 superdeformed bands SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID PROJECTED SHELL-MODEL; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; SPINS AB We investigate the independent quasiparticle picture for superdeformed nuclei of the mass-190 region, which is expected to lead to additivity in certain physical quantities. Obvious deviations from additivity are found from both experimental data and projected shell model calculations. The cause of the deviation can be decomposed and identified through this model. Our study suggests that the independent quasiparticle picture may not be fully appropriate for this mass region. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Sun, Yang/P-2417-2015 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 868 EP 871 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.868 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800029 ER PT J AU Tipnis, SV Campbell, JM Couchell, GP Li, S Nguyen, HV Pullen, DJ Schier, WA Seabury, EH England, TR AF Tipnis, SV Campbell, JM Couchell, GP Li, S Nguyen, HV Pullen, DJ Schier, WA Seabury, EH England, TR TI Yields of short-lived fission products produced following U-235(n(th),f) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-INDUCED FISSION; U-235 AB Measurements of gamma-ray spectra, following the thermal neutron fission of U-235 have been made using a high purity germanium detector at the University of Massachusetts Lowell (UML) Van de Graaff facility. The gamma spectra were measured at delay times ranging from 0.2 s to nearly 10000 s following the rapid transfer of the fission fragments with a helium-jet system. On the basis of the known gamma transitions, forty isotopes have been identified and studied. By measuring the relative intensities of these transitions, the relative yields of the various precursor nuclides have been calculated. The results are compared with the recommended values listed in the ENDF/B-VI fission product data base (for the lifetimes and the relative yields) and those published in the Nuclear Data Sheets (for the beta branching ratios). This information is particularly useful for the cases of short-lived fission products with lifetimes of the order of fractions of a second or a few seconds. Independent yields of many of these isotopes have rather large uncertainties, some of which have been reduced by the present study. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tipnis, SV (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 905 EP 915 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.905 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800035 ER PT J AU Fessler, A Wattecamps, E Smith, DL Qaim, SM AF Fessler, A Wattecamps, E Smith, DL Qaim, SM TI Excitation functions of (n,2n), (n,p), (n,np+pn+d), and (n,alpha) reactions on isotopes of chromium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; ENERGY; CR-52(N,2N)CR-51; GERMANIUM; DEUTERIUM; TARGET AB Excitation functions were measured for the Cr-52(n,2n)Cr-51, Cr-52(n,p)V-52, Cr-53(n,p)V-53, Cr-53(n,np+pn +d)V-52, Cr-54(n,p)V-54, Cr-54(n,np+pn+d)V-53, and Cr-54(n,alpha)Ti-51 reactions from 9 to 21 MeV. Use was made of the activation technique in combination with high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. Monoenergetic neutrons produced via the H-2(d,n)He-3 and H-3(d,n)He-4 reactions were used to irradiate samples of metallic chromium, (Cr2O3)-Cr-52, (Cr2O3)-Cr-53, and (Cr2O3)-Cr-54. The neutron fluence rates were determined via the Al-27(n,p)Mg-27, Al-27(n,alpha)Na-24, Fe-56(n,p)Mn-56, and Nb-93(n,2n)Nb-92m monitor reactions. Short-lived activities were investigated using a pneumatic sample transport system. Statistical model calculations taking into account preequilibrium effects were performed for all the reactions using a consistent set of model parameters. The experimental excitation functions helped appreciably to resolve the discrepancies in evaluated data files. Good agreement was found between our experimental data and the new model calculations. C1 Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Nukl Chem, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. Argonne Natl Lab, Technol Dev Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Nukl Chem, Postfach 1913, D-52425 Julich, Germany. NR 62 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 996 EP 1004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.996 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800043 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, MM Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Awes, TC Badyal, SK Barlag, C Bhalla, KB Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bock, D Bohne, EM Bucher, D Buijs, A Chattopadhyay, S Claussen, A Clewing, G Das, AC Devanand, P Donni, P Durieux, E Majumdar, MRD Fokin, S Ganti, MS Garpman, S Geurts, F Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Gupta, SK Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Hartig, M He, XC Holker, G Ippolitov, M Izycki, M Kachroo, S Kamermans, R Kampert, KH Karadjev, K Kolb, BW Kumar, V Langbein, I Langheinrich, J Lebedev, A Lohner, H Manko, V Martin, M Mittra, IS Naef, H Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nikolaev, S Nystrand, J Obenshain, FE Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Peitzmann, T Plasil, F Purschke, M Raniwala, S Rao, NK Rosselet, L Roters, B Rubio, JM Saini, S Sambyal, S Santo, R Schmidt, HR Siemiarczuk, T Siemssen, R Sinha, BC Slegt, S Soderstrom, K Solomey, N Sorensen, SP Stefanek, G Steinhaeuser, P Stenlund, E Ster, A Stuken, D Trivedi, MD Twenhoefel, C Van Eijndhoven, N Van Heeringen, WH Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Weber, S Young, GR AF Aggarwal, MM Angelis, ALS Antonenko, V Awes, TC Badyal, SK Barlag, C Bhalla, KB Bhatia, VS Blume, C Bock, D Bohne, EM Bucher, D Buijs, A Chattopadhyay, S Claussen, A Clewing, G Das, AC Devanand, P Donni, P Durieux, E Majumdar, MRD Fokin, S Ganti, MS Garpman, S Geurts, F Ghosh, TK Glasow, R Gupta, SK Gustafsson, HA Gutbrod, HH Hartig, M He, XC Holker, G Ippolitov, M Izycki, M Kachroo, S Kamermans, R Kampert, KH Karadjev, K Kolb, BW Kumar, V Langbein, I Langheinrich, J Lebedev, A Lohner, H Manko, V Martin, M Mittra, IS Naef, H Nayak, SK Nayak, TK Nikolaev, S Nystrand, J Obenshain, FE Oskarsson, A Otterlund, I Peitzmann, T Plasil, F Purschke, M Raniwala, S Rao, NK Rosselet, L Roters, B Rubio, JM Saini, S Sambyal, S Santo, R Schmidt, HR Siemiarczuk, T Siemssen, R Sinha, BC Slegt, S Soderstrom, K Solomey, N Sorensen, SP Stefanek, G Steinhaeuser, P Stenlund, E Ster, A Stuken, D Trivedi, MD Twenhoefel, C Van Eijndhoven, N Van Heeringen, WH Vinogradov, A Viyogi, YP Weber, S Young, GR CA WA93 Collaboration TI Multiplicity and pseudorapidity distribution of photons in S+Au reaction at 200A GeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID ION EXPERIMENT WA80; MID-RAPIDITY; COLLISIONS; PERFORMANCE; CALORIMETER; DETECTOR; ENERGY; REGION; CERN AB The photon multiplicity has been measured for the first time in S+Au collisions at 200A GeV over a wide pseudorapidity range (2.8 less than or equal to eta less than or equal to 5.2) employing a fine granularity preshower detector. The pseudorapidity density of photons increases with centrality, reaching similar to 200 at the highest centrality studied. The results are compared with measurements of the charged particle multiplicity and with predictions of the VENUS event generator. C1 Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, Uttar Pradesh, India. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Kurchatov Inst, RU-123182 Moscow, Russia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Jammu, Jammu 180001, India. Univ Munster, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Univ Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, Rajasthan, India. Univ Utrecht, NIKHEF, NL-3508 TA Utrecht, Netherlands. Ctr Variable Energy Cyclotron, Calcutta 700064, W Bengal, India. Univ Lund, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Gesell Schwerionenforsch, GSI, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Groningen, KVI, NL-9747 AA Groningen, Netherlands. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RP Aggarwal, MM (reprint author), Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, Uttar Pradesh, India. RI Peitzmann, Thomas/K-2206-2012; Lohner, Herbert/B-2397-2014; OI Peitzmann, Thomas/0000-0002-7116-899X; Lohner, Herbert/0000-0002-7441-739X; Kampert, Karl-Heinz/0000-0002-2805-0195 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 1146 EP 1154 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1146 PG 9 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800056 ER PT J AU Bennett, MJ Pope, JK Beavis, D Carroll, JB Chiba, J Chikanian, A Crawford, HJ Cronqvist, M Dardenne, Y Debbe, R Doke, T Engelage, J Greiner, L Hayano, RS Hallman, TJ Heckman, HH Kashiwagi, T Kikuchi, J Kumar, BS Kuo, C Lindstrom, PJ Mitchell, JW Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Stankus, P Tanaka, KH Welsh, RC Zhan, W AF Bennett, MJ Pope, JK Beavis, D Carroll, JB Chiba, J Chikanian, A Crawford, HJ Cronqvist, M Dardenne, Y Debbe, R Doke, T Engelage, J Greiner, L Hayano, RS Hallman, TJ Heckman, HH Kashiwagi, T Kikuchi, J Kumar, BS Kuo, C Lindstrom, PJ Mitchell, JW Nagamiya, S Nagle, JL Stankus, P Tanaka, KH Welsh, RC Zhan, W CA E878 Collaboration TI Light nuclei production in relativistic Au+nucleus collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; COALESCENCE; FLOW; SIZE AB We have measured the yields of protons and A = 2-4 nuclei in collisions between 10.8A GeV/c Au beams and targets of Al, Cu, and Au. The data, which cover a broad rapidity range at low transverse momenta, were measured as a function of collision centrality using a focusing beam line spectrometer and a high-rate centrality detector. We investigate the dependence of coalescence parameters on event geometry. The data are compared with the predictions of an RQMD+coalescence model. C1 Yale Univ, AW Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Waseda Univ, Sci & Engn Res Inst, Waseda, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USRA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Columbia Univ, Nevis Lab, Irvington, NY 10533 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Bennett, MJ (reprint author), Yale Univ, AW Wright Nucl Struct Lab, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RI Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; Kuo, Chaincy/H-9475-2016 OI Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Kuo, Chaincy/0000-0001-7958-8764 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 1155 EP 1164 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1155 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800057 ER PT J AU Zhang, B Gyulassy, M Pang, Y AF Zhang, B Gyulassy, M Pang, Y TI Equation of state and collision rate tests of parton cascade models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; QUARK-GLUON PLASMA; NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; RELATIVISTIC HYDRODYNAMICS; STRANGENESS PRODUCTION; SIMULATIONS; PROGRAM AB We develop two further numerical tests of parton cascade models: the ideal gas equation of state and the collision frequency tests. The equation of state test checks the initial momentum distribution generator and free expansion dynamics in periodic inhomogeneous geometries. The collision rate test is sensitive to spatial inhomogeneities and the collision algorithm. These tests are applied to the recently developed ZPC parton cascade model. The tests helped uncover unphysical correlations induced by one of the commonly used random number generators and showed the necessity of particle subdivisions for convergence to the exact analytic limit. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, B (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 1175 EP 1182 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1175 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800059 ER PT J AU Ji, CR Kaminski, R Lesniak, L Szczepaniak, A Williams, R AF Ji, CR Kaminski, R Lesniak, L Szczepaniak, A Williams, R TI Coupled channel analysis of S-wave pi pi and (K)over-barK photoproduction SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MODEL; ISOSCALAR; MESONS; AMPLITUDES; NUCLEON AB We present a coupled channel partial wave analysis of nondiffractive S-wave pi(+)pi(-) and K+K- photoproduction focusing on the K (K) over bar threshold. Final state interactions are included. We calculate total cross sections and angular and effective mass distributions in both pi pi and channels. Our results indicate that these processes are experimentally measurable and valuable information on the f(0)(980)resonance structure can be obtained. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. TJNAF, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ji, CR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Box 8202, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Ji, Chueng/J-2623-2013 NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 1205 EP 1217 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1205 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800063 ER PT J AU Crawford, BE Bowman, JD Delheij, PPJ Frankle, CM Iinuma, M Knudson, JN Lowie, LY Masaike, A Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Postma, H Roberson, NR Seestrom, SJ Sharapov, EI Stephenson, SL Yen, YF Yuan, VW AF Crawford, BE Bowman, JD Delheij, PPJ Frankle, CM Iinuma, M Knudson, JN Lowie, LY Masaike, A Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Postma, H Roberson, NR Seestrom, SJ Sharapov, EI Stephenson, SL Yen, YF Yuan, VW CA TRIPLE Collaboration TI Parity nonconservation in neutron resonances in U-238 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND-NUCLEUS; VIOLATION; SCATTERING; BEAM AB Parity nonconservation (PNC) was studied for 24 p-wave neutron resonances in U-238 from 10 to 300 eV by measuring the helicity dependence of the total neutron cross section with an improved experimental apparatus. Six resonances show statistically significant (greater than 2.9 sigma) parity violation. An analysis treating the PNC matrix elements as random variables yields a root-mean-square PNC matrix element M = 0.671(-0.16)(+0.24) meV. The corresponding weak spreading width Gamma(w) = (1.35(-0.64)(+0.97)) x 10(-7) eV. C1 Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Delft Univ Technol, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. RP Crawford, BE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/C-3007-2008 OI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/0000-0002-9847-3791 NR 38 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 1225 EP 1235 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1225 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800065 ER PT J AU Stephenson, SL Bowman, JD Crawford, BE Delheij, PPJ Frankle, CM Iinuma, M Knudson, JN Lowie, LY Masaike, A Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Postma, H Roberson, NR Seestrom, SJ Sharapov, EI Yen, YF Yuan, VW AF Stephenson, SL Bowman, JD Crawford, BE Delheij, PPJ Frankle, CM Iinuma, M Knudson, JN Lowie, LY Masaike, A Matsuda, Y Mitchell, GE Penttila, SI Postma, H Roberson, NR Seestrom, SJ Sharapov, EI Yen, YF Yuan, VW TI Parity nonconservation in neutron resonances in Th-232 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND-NUCLEUS; SIGN CORRELATIONS; VIOLATION; SCATTERING; STATES; ENHANCEMENT; MECHANISM; SYSTEM; BEAM AB Parity nonconservation (PNC) was measured for 24 p-wave resonances from 8 to 300 eV in Th-232 by measuring the helicity dependence of the total neutron cross section for epithermal neutrons with an improved experimental system. Ten resonances show statistically significant parity violation. For these ten resonances the analyzing powers are all positive, thus confirming the previously observed sign correlation. The data are fit to the sum of two terms, a constant asymmetry and a fluctuating asymmetry. With this ansatz the root-mean-square PNC matrix element M = 1.12 meV, which corresponds to a weak spreading width Gamma(w) = 4.7 x 10(-7) eV. For the neighboring nuclide U-238 there is no constant offset, suggesting that the sign correlation is specific to Th-232. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. Delft Univ Technol, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna 141980, Russia. RP Stephenson, SL (reprint author), Gettysburg Coll, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. RI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/C-3007-2008 OI Matsuda, Yasuyuki/0000-0002-9847-3791 NR 48 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 1236 EP 1246 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1236 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800066 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, M Garcia, A Hindi, MM Norman, EB Ortiz, CE Kaloskamis, NI Davids, CN Civitarese, O Suhonen, J AF Bhattacharya, M Garcia, A Hindi, MM Norman, EB Ortiz, CE Kaloskamis, NI Davids, CN Civitarese, O Suhonen, J TI Electron capture decay of In-116 and nuclear structure of double beta decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATES; SHELL-MODEL; STRENGTH; REGIONS; CD-116; XE-136; MO-100 AB Quasiparticle-random-phase-approximation (QRPA) calculations of double beta decays have not been able to reproduce data in the A = 100 system. We propose the A = 116 system-because of its smaller deformation-as a simpler system to test QRPA calculations. We present results of two experiments we performed, which determine the electron-capture-decay branch of In-116 to be (2.27+/-0.63)x 10(-2)%, from which we deduce logft=4.39(-0.15)(+0.10). We present QRPA calculations and compare their predictions to experimental data. Finally we use these calculations to predict the 2 nu double-beta-decay rate of Cd-116 to the ground and excited states of Sn-116. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Univ La Plata, Dept Phys, RA-1900 La Plata, Argentina. Univ Jyvaskyla, Dept Phys, SF-40351 Jyvaskyla, Finland. RP Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 28 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 1247 EP 1256 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1247 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800067 ER PT J AU Barranco, F Broglia, RA Esbensen, H Vigezzi, E AF Barranco, F Broglia, RA Esbensen, H Vigezzi, E TI Semiclassical approximation to neutron star superfluidity corrected for proximity effects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DRIP-LINE; NUCLEI; FIELD AB The inner crust of a neutron star is a superfluid and inhomogeneous system, consisting of a lattice of nuclei immersed in a sea of neutrons. We perform a quantum calculation of the associated pairing gap and compare it to the results one obtains in the local density approximation (LDA). It is found that the LDA overestimates the spatial dependence of the gap, and leads to a specific heat of the system which is too large at low temperatures, as compared with the quantal result. This is caused by the neglect of proximity effects and the delocalized character of the single-particle wave functions close to the Fermi energy. It is possible to introduce an alternative, simple semiclassical approximation of the pairing gap which leads to aspecific heat that is in good agreement with the quantum calculation. C1 Univ Seville, Escuela Super Ingn, Dept Fis Aplicada, Seville, Spain. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, Milan, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milan, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Seville, Escuela Super Ingn, Dept Fis Aplicada, Seville, Spain. OI Barranco Paulano, Francisco/0000-0002-7799-2736 NR 13 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 1257 EP 1262 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1257 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800068 ER PT J AU Schiavilla, R Stoks, VGJ Glockle, W Kamada, H Nogga, A Carlson, J Machleidt, R Pandharipande, VR Wiringa, RB Kievsky, A Rosati, S Viviani, M AF Schiavilla, R Stoks, VGJ Glockle, W Kamada, H Nogga, A Carlson, J Machleidt, R Pandharipande, VR Wiringa, RB Kievsky, A Rosati, S Viviani, M TI Weak capture of protons by protons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATIONS; ASYMPTOTIC D-STATE; TRITON BETA-DECAY; CROSS-SECTION; CHARGE-INDEPENDENCE; DEUTERON; NUCLEI; MESON; FREEDOM; FORCES AB The cross section for the proton weak capture reaction H-1(p,e(+) nu(e))H-2 is calculated with wave functions obtained from a number of modern, realistic high-precision interactions. To minimize the uncertainty in the axial two-body current operator, its matrix element has been adjusted to reproduce the measured Gamow-Teller matrix element of tritium p decay in model calculations using trinucleon wave functions from these interactions. A thorough analysis of the ambiguities that this procedure introduces in evaluating the two-body current contribution to the pp capture is given. Its inherent model dependence is in fact found to be very weak. The overlap integral Lambda(2)(E = 0) for the pp capture is predicted to be in the range 7.05-7.06, including the axial two-body current contribution, for all interactions considered. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Univ Adelaide, Ctr Subatom Struct Matter, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Idaho, Dept Phys, Moscow, ID 83483 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pisa, Dept Phys, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Nogga, Andreas/A-3354-2008; kievsky, alejandro/A-7123-2011; Wiringa, Robert/M-4970-2015 OI Nogga, Andreas/0000-0003-2156-748X; NR 45 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 1263 EP 1277 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1263 PG 15 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800069 ER PT J AU Glendenning, NK Schaffner-Bielich, J AF Glendenning, NK Schaffner-Bielich, J TI Neutron star constraints on the H dibaryon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; MEAN-FIELD THEORY; DOUBLE HYPERNUCLEUS; NUCLEAR-MATTER; WEAK DECAY; SEARCH; GEV/C; STATES AB We study the influence of a possible H dibaryon condensate on the equation of state and the overall properties of neutron stars whose population otherwise contains nucleons and hyperons. In particular, we are interested in the question of whether neutron stars and their masses can be used to say anything about the existence and properties of the H dibaryon. We find that the equation of state is softened by the appearance of a dibaryon condensate and can result in a mass plateau for neutron stars. If the limiting neutron star mass is about that of the Hulse-Taylor pulsar a condensate of H dibaryons of vacuum mass similar to 2.2 GeV and a moderately attractive potential in the medium could not be ruled out. On the other hand, if the medium potential were even moderately repulsive, the H would not likely exist in neutron stars. If neutron stars of mass similar to 1.6M. were known to exist, attractive medium effects for the H could be ruled out. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Glendenning, NK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 1298 EP 1305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1298 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800072 ER PT J AU Toth, KS Xu, XJ Bingham, CR Batchelder, JC Conticchio, LF Walters, WB Brown, LT Davids, CN Irvine, RJ Seweryniak, D Wauters, J Zganjar, EF AF Toth, KS Xu, XJ Bingham, CR Batchelder, JC Conticchio, LF Walters, WB Brown, LT Davids, CN Irvine, RJ Seweryniak, D Wauters, J Zganjar, EF TI Identification of Tl-180 alpha decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-DEFICIENT ISOTOPES; REGION AB With the use of a fragment mass analyzer, the alpha decay of Tl-180 was identified in Mo-92 bombardments of Zr-90. At least three alpha transitions were observed but on the basis of the data obtained it was not possible to conclude if they originate from one or more levels in Tl-180. In the same irradiations a new alpha group was also identified in Tl-179(m) decay. Based on energy and half-life systematics, it appears that Tl-179(m), in contrast to the isomers in heavier odd-A Ti nuclei, is not the h(9/2) intruder level but rather the h(11/2) proton state. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inst Modern Phys, Lanzhou, Peoples R China. Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UNIRIB, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Toth, KS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 1310 EP 1313 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1310 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800074 ER PT J AU Walston, JR Keith, CD Gould, CR Haase, DG Raichle, BW Seely, ML Tornow, W Wilburn, WS Hoffmann, GW Penttila, SI AF Walston, JR Keith, CD Gould, CR Haase, DG Raichle, BW Seely, ML Tornow, W Wilburn, WS Hoffmann, GW Penttila, SI TI Polarization transfer in the H-3((p)over-right-arrow,(n)over-right-arrow)He-3 reaction and the 0(-) level in He-4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING DATA AB Longitudinal polarization-transfer coefficients for the H-3((p) over right arrow,(n) over right arrow)He-3 reaction have been measured at zero degrees for proton energies of 1.3-2.8 MeV. The results show a striking resonance behavior for energies corresponding to excitation of the 0(-) level in He-4 at 21.0 MeV. In agreement with R-matrix calculations, the value approaches unity at 1.52 MeV, the peak of the resonance. Near this same energy, at 1.62 MeV, the transverse polarization-transfer coefficient was measured to be consistent with zero. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Walston, JR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RI Gould, Christopher/M-7676-2013 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 1314 EP 1317 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.1314 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800075 ER PT J AU Macchiavelli, AO Clark, RM Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Lee, IY Stephens, FS Vetter, K AF Macchiavelli, AO Clark, RM Deleplanque, MA Diamond, RM Fallon, P Lee, IY Stephens, FS Vetter, K TI Shears mechanism and particle-vibration coupling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article AB The shears mechanism, underlying the rotational-like behavior observed in the M1 bands in neutron deficient Pb isotopes, is interpreted as a consequence of a residual interaction between the proton and neutron blades. By deriving the angle 0 between the proton and neutron spin vectors (J) over right arrow(pi) and (J) over right arrow(pi) in the Pb-198,Pb-199: bands, it is shown that the main ingredient of this effective force can be described by a P-2(0) term with a strength of 400-600 keV. Such an interaction can be mediated through the core by particle-vibration coupling, and qualitative agreement with experimental estimates may indicate the possible role of this coupling in the appearance of shears bands. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Macchiavelli, AO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP R621 EP R623 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.58.R621 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 110BR UT WOS:000075359800003 ER PT J AU Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adam, I Adams, DL Adams, M Ahn, S Aihara, H Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Astur, R Baarmand, MM Babukhadia, L Baden, A Balamurali, V Balderston, J Baldin, B Banerjee, S Bantly, J Barberis, E Bartlett, JF Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bertram, I Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Biswas, N Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, P Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Boswell, C Brandt, A Brock, R Bross, A Buchholz, D Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chang, SM Chekulaev, SV Chen, LP Chen, W Choi, S Chopra, S Choudhary, BC Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cobau, WG Cochran, J Coney, L Cooper, WE Cretsinger, C Cullen-Vidal, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Dahl, OI Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Denisov, D Denisov, SP Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Dugad, SR Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Finocchiaro, G Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Forden, GE Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gartung, P Gavrilov, V Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gibbard, B Glenn, S Gobbi, B Goldschmidt, A Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Gonzalez-Solis, JL Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, DR Greenlee, H Grinstein, S Grudberg, P Grunendahl, S Guglielmo, G Guida, JA Guida, JM Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hernandez-Montoya, R Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hsieh, F Hu, T Hu, T Huehn, T Ito, AS James, E Jaques, J Jerger, SA Jesik, R Jiang, JZY Joffe-Minor, T Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Jun, SY Jung, CK Kahn, S Kalbfleisch, G Kang, JS Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kelly, ML Kim, CL Kim, SK Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Kohli, JM Koltick, D Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kourlas, J Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kuleshov, S Kunori, S Landry, F Landsberg, G Lauer, B Leflat, A Li, H Li, J Li-Demarteau, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Liu, YC Lobkowicz, F Loken, SC Lokos, S Lueking, L Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Madden, R Magana-Mendoza, L Manankov, V Mani, S Mao, HS Markeloff, R Marshall, T Martin, MI Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McKibben, T McKinley, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miettinen, H Mincer, A Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Mooney, P da Motta, H Murphy, C Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Narayanan, A Neal, HA Negret, JP Nemethy, P Norman, D Oesch, L Oguri, V Oliveira, E Oltman, E Oshima, N Owen, D Padley, P Para, A Park, YM Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pischalnikov, Y Pope, BG Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramirez, O Rasmussen, L Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sanchez-Hernandez, A Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Sculli, J Shabalina, E Shaffer, C Shankar, HC Shivpuri, RK Shupe, M Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Smart, W Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Souza, M Spadafora, AL Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stevenson, ML Stewart, D Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, M Streets, K Strovink, M Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tarazi, J Tartaglia, M Thomas, TLT Thompson, J Trippe, TG Tuts, PM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vititoe, D Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, G Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Wightman, JA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Won, E Wood, DR Xu, H Yamada, R Yamin, P Yang, Y Yasuda, T Yepes, P Yoshikawa, C Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Y Zhou, Z Zhu, ZH Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A AF Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adam, I Adams, DL Adams, M Ahn, S Aihara, H Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Astur, R Baarmand, MM Babukhadia, L Baden, A Balamurali, V Balderston, J Baldin, B Banerjee, S Bantly, J Barberis, E Bartlett, JF Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bertram, I Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Biswas, N Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, P Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Boswell, C Brandt, A Brock, R Bross, A Buchholz, D Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chang, SM Chekulaev, SV Chen, LP Chen, W Choi, S Chopra, S Choudhary, BC Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cobau, WG Cochran, J Coney, L Cooper, WE Cretsinger, C Cullen-Vidal, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Dahl, OI Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Denisov, D Denisov, SP Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Dugad, SR Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Finocchiaro, G Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Forden, GE Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gartung, P Gavrilov, V Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gibbard, B Glenn, S Gobbi, B Goldschmidt, A Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Gonzalez-Solis, JL Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, DR Greenlee, H Grinstein, S Grudberg, P Grunendahl, S Guglielmo, G Guida, JA Guida, JM Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hernandez-Montoya, R Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hsieh, F Hu, T Hu, T Huehn, T Ito, AS James, E Jaques, J Jerger, SA Jesik, R Jiang, JZY Joffe-Minor, T Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Jun, SY Jung, CK Kahn, S Kalbfleisch, G Kang, JS Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kelly, ML Kim, CL Kim, SK Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Kohli, JM Koltick, D Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kourlas, J Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kuleshov, S Kunori, S Landry, F Landsberg, G Lauer, B Leflat, A Li, H Li, J Li-Demarteau, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Liu, YC Lobkowicz, F Loken, SC Lokos, S Lueking, L Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Madden, R Magana-Mendoza, L Manankov, V Mani, S Mao, HS Markeloff, R Marshall, T Martin, MI Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McKibben, T McKinley, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miettinen, H Mincer, A Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Mooney, P da Motta, H Murphy, C Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Narayanan, A Neal, HA Negret, JP Nemethy, P Norman, D Oesch, L Oguri, V Oliveira, E Oltman, E Oshima, N Owen, D Padley, P Para, A Park, YM Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pischalnikov, Y Pope, BG Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramirez, O Rasmussen, L Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sanchez-Hernandez, A Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Sculli, J Shabalina, E Shaffer, C Shankar, HC Shivpuri, RK Shupe, M Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Smart, W Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Souza, M Spadafora, AL Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stevenson, ML Stewart, D Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, M Streets, K Strovink, M Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tarazi, J Tartaglia, M Thomas, TLT Thompson, J Trippe, TG Tuts, PM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vititoe, D Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, G Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Wightman, JA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Won, E Wood, DR Xu, H Yamada, R Yamin, P Yang, Y Yasuda, T Yepes, P Yoshikawa, C Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Y Zhou, Z Zhu, ZH Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A TI Limits on anomalous WW gamma and WWZ couplings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID GAUGE BOSON COUPLINGS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; PAIR-PRODUCTION; E(+)E(-) INTERACTIONS; W+W PRODUCTION; WZ PRODUCTION; CONSTRAINTS; EVENTS; SEARCH AB Limits on the anomalous WW gamma and WWZ couplings are presented from a simultaneous fit to the data samples of three gauge boson pair final states in collisions at root s = 1.8 TeV: W gamma production with the W boson decaying to e nu or mu nu, W boson pair production with both of the W bosons decaying to e nu or mu nu, and WW or WZ production with one W boson decaying to e nu and the other W boson or the Z boson decaying to two jets. Assuming identical WW gamma and WWZ couplings, 95% C.L. limits on the anomalous couplings of -0.30pi(+/-)+gamma in proton-antiproton collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS AB We have searched for the rare decay W+/- --> pi(+/-) + gamma in 83 pb(-1) of data taken in proton-antiproton collisions at root s = 1.8 TeV with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We find three events in the signal region and estimate the background to be 5.2+/-1.5 events. We set a 95% confidence level upper limit of 7 x 10(-4) on the ratio of partial widths, Gamma(W+/- --> pi(+/-) + gamma)/Gamma(W+/- --> e(+/-) + nu). [S0556-2821(98)50115-4] C1 Kek Nat Lab High Energy Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Bologna, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. Brandeis Univ, Waltham, MA 02254 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Hiroshima Univ, Higashihiroshima 724, Japan. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. McGill Univ, Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Expt Kernphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Osaka City Univ, Osaka 588, Japan. Univ Padua, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Pisa, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Rockefeller Univ, New York, NY 10021 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Acad Sinica, Taipei 11530, Taiwan. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Trieste, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trieste, Italy. Univ Udine, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Univ Tsukuba, Tokyo, Ibaraki 315, Japan. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Waseda Univ, Tokyo 169, Japan. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Kek Nat Lab High Energy Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RI Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Vucinic, Dejan/C-2406-2008; Nomerotski, Andrei/A-5169-2010; Azzi, Patrizia/H-5404-2012; Punzi, Giovanni/J-4947-2012; Chiarelli, Giorgio/E-8953-2012; Warburton, Andreas/N-8028-2013; Paulini, Manfred/N-7794-2014; Introzzi, Gianluca/K-2497-2015 OI Azzi, Patrizia/0000-0002-3129-828X; Punzi, Giovanni/0000-0002-8346-9052; Chiarelli, Giorgio/0000-0001-9851-4816; Warburton, Andreas/0000-0002-2298-7315; Paulini, Manfred/0000-0002-6714-5787; Introzzi, Gianluca/0000-0002-1314-2580 NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 3 AR 031101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.031101 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 106ZJ UT WOS:000075181100001 ER PT J AU Atwood, D Soni, A AF Atwood, D Soni, A TI Possibility of large direct CP violation in B -> K pi-like modes because of long distance rescattering effects and implications for the angle gamma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID FINAL-STATE INTERACTIONS; B-DECAYS; STRONG PHASES; WEAK DECAYS; PENGUINS; MESONS AB We consider the strong rescattering effects that can occur in decays such as B-->K pi, K*pi, K rho,..., and their impact on direct CP violation in these modes. First we discuss, in general, how the CPT theorem constrains the resulting pattern of partial rate asymmetries (PRA's) leading to different brands of direct CP violation. Traditional discussions have centered around the absorptive part of the penguin graph which has Delta I=0 in b-->s transitions and as a result causes "simple" CP violation; long-distance final state rescattering effects, in general, will lead to a different pattern of CP violation: "compound" CP violation. Predictions of simple CP violation are quite distinct from that of compound CP violation. Final state rescattering phases in B decays are unlikely to be small possibly causing large compound CP-violating partial rate asymmetries in these modes. The CPT theorem requires a cancellation of PRA's due to compound CP violation among the K pi states themselves; thus there can be no net cancellation with other states such as K*pi, K rho, etc. Therefore, each class of such modes, namely, K pi, K rho, K*pi, Ka(1), etc., can have large direct CP violation emanating from rescattering effects. Various repercussions for the angle gamma are also discussed. [S0556-2821(98)06215-8]. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Atwood, D (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50010 USA. NR 35 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 3 AR 036005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.036005 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 106ZJ UT WOS:000075181100053 ER PT J AU Chada, M Chan, S Eigen, G Miller, JS O'Grady, C Schmidtler, M Urheim, J Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Bliss, DW Masek, G Paar, HP Prell, S Sharma, V Asner, DM Gronberg, J Hill, TS Lange, DJ Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Nelson, TK Roberts, D Ryd, A Balest, R Behrens, BH Ford, WT Park, H Roy, J Smith, JG Alexander, JP Baker, R Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Bloom, K Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Crowcroft, DS Dickson, M von Dombrowski, S Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Kandaswamy, J Kim, PC Kreinick, DL Lee, T Liu, Y Mistry, NB Ng, CR Nordberg, E Ogg, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Soffer, A Valant-Spaight, B Ward, C Athanas, M Avery, P Jones, CD Lohner, M Patton, S Prescott, C Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Briere, RA Ershov, A Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Yamamoto, H Browder, TE Li, Y Rodriguez, JL Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Palmer, M Selen, M Thaler, JJ Edwards, KW Bellerive, A Janicek, R MacFarlane, DB Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Baringer, P Bean, A Besson, D Coppage, D Darling, C Davis, R Kotov, S Kravchenko, I Kwak, N Zhou, L Anderson, S Kubota, Y Lee, SJ O'Neill, JJ Poling, R Riehle, T Smith, A Alam, MS Athar, SB Ling, Z Mahmood, AH Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Duboscq, JE Fujino, D Gan, KK Hart, T Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Lee, J Spencer, MB Sung, M Undrus, A Wolf, A Zoeller, MM Nemati, B Richichi, SJ Ross, WR Severini, H Skubic, P Bishai, M Fast, J Hinson, JW Menon, N Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Yurko, M Glenn, S Johnson, SD Kwon, Y Roberts, S Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Lingel, K Marsiske, H Perl, ML Savinov, V Ugolini, D Wang, R Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Korolkov, I Maravin, Y Narsky, I Shelkov, V Staeck, J Stroynowski, R Volobouev, I Ye, J Artuso, M Azfar, F Efimov, A Goldberg, M He, D Kopp, S Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Viehhauser, G Xing, X Bartelt, J Csorna, SE Jain, V McLean, KW Marka, S Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Pomianowski, P Schrenk, S Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Greene, R Perera, LP Zhou, GJ AF Chada, M Chan, S Eigen, G Miller, JS O'Grady, C Schmidtler, M Urheim, J Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Bliss, DW Masek, G Paar, HP Prell, S Sharma, V Asner, DM Gronberg, J Hill, TS Lange, DJ Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Nelson, TK Roberts, D Ryd, A Balest, R Behrens, BH Ford, WT Park, H Roy, J Smith, JG Alexander, JP Baker, R Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Bloom, K Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Crowcroft, DS Dickson, M von Dombrowski, S Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Kandaswamy, J Kim, PC Kreinick, DL Lee, T Liu, Y Mistry, NB Ng, CR Nordberg, E Ogg, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Soffer, A Valant-Spaight, B Ward, C Athanas, M Avery, P Jones, CD Lohner, M Patton, S Prescott, C Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Briere, RA Ershov, A Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Yamamoto, H Browder, TE Li, Y Rodriguez, JL Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Palmer, M Selen, M Thaler, JJ Edwards, KW Bellerive, A Janicek, R MacFarlane, DB Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Baringer, P Bean, A Besson, D Coppage, D Darling, C Davis, R Kotov, S Kravchenko, I Kwak, N Zhou, L Anderson, S Kubota, Y Lee, SJ O'Neill, JJ Poling, R Riehle, T Smith, A Alam, MS Athar, SB Ling, Z Mahmood, AH Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Duboscq, JE Fujino, D Gan, KK Hart, T Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Lee, J Spencer, MB Sung, M Undrus, A Wolf, A Zoeller, MM Nemati, B Richichi, SJ Ross, WR Severini, H Skubic, P Bishai, M Fast, J Hinson, JW Menon, N Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Yurko, M Glenn, S Johnson, SD Kwon, Y Roberts, S Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Lingel, K Marsiske, H Perl, ML Savinov, V Ugolini, D Wang, R Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Korolkov, I Maravin, Y Narsky, I Shelkov, V Staeck, J Stroynowski, R Volobouev, I Ye, J Artuso, M Azfar, F Efimov, A Goldberg, M He, D Kopp, S Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Viehhauser, G Xing, X Bartelt, J Csorna, SE Jain, V McLean, KW Marka, S Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Pomianowski, P Schrenk, S Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Greene, R Perera, LP Zhou, GJ TI Improved measurement of the pseudoscalar decay constant f(D-s) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID QUARK-MODEL; POTENTIAL MODEL; HEAVY MESONS; QCD; MASS AB We present a new determination of f(Ds) using 5 million e(+)e(-) --> events obtained with the CLEO II detector. Our value is derived from our new measured ratio Gamma(D-s(+) --> mu(+) nu)/Gamma(D-s(+) --> phi pi(+)) = 0.173+/-0.023+/-0.035. Using beta(D-s(+) --> phi pi(+)) = (3.6+/-0.9) %, we extract f(Ds) = (280+/-19+/-28+/-34) MeV. We compare this result with various model calculations. [S0556-2821(98)03715-1] C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Ithaca Coll, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. BINP, RU-630090 Novosibirsk, Russia. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Chada, M (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RI s, d/B-2182-2010; Briere, Roy/N-7819-2014; OI Briere, Roy/0000-0001-5229-1039; Poling, Ronald/0000-0001-7305-4702; Bloom, Kenneth/0000-0002-4272-8900 NR 29 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 3 AR 032002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.032002 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 106ZJ UT WOS:000075181100006 ER PT J AU Feng, JL Moroi, T AF Feng, JL Moroi, T TI Fermilab Tevatron signatures of long-lived charged sleptons in gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking models SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LOW-ENERGY SUPERSYMMETRY; LIGHT GRAVITINO; CERN LEP-2; MU-PROBLEM; SEARCH; COLLIDER; PARTICLES; SIGNALS; PHYSICS; EVENT AB In supersymmetric models with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking, charged sleptons are the next lightest supersymmetric particles and decay outside the detector for large regions of parameter space. In such scenarios, supersymmetry may be discovered by searches for a number of novel signals, including highly ionizing tracks from long-lived slow charged particles and excesses of multi-lepton signals. We consider this scenario in detail and find that the currently available Fermilab Tevatron data probe regions of parameter space beyond the kinematic reach of CERN LEP II. Future Tevatron runs with integrated luminosities of 2, 10, and 30 fb(-1) probe right-handed slepton masses of 110, 180, and 230 GeV and W-ino masses of 310, 370, and 420 GeV, respectively, greatly extending current search limits. [S0556-2821(98)02015-3]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Feng, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 64 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 3 AR 035001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.035001 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 106ZJ UT WOS:000075181100038 ER PT J AU Kogut, JB Lagae, JF Sinclair, DK AF Kogut, JB Lagae, JF Sinclair, DK TI Thermodynamics of lattice QCD with chiral 4-fermion interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRY AB We have studied lattice QCD with an additional, irrelevant l-fermion interaction having a U(1) X U(1) chiral symmetry, at finite temperatures. Adding this 4-fermion term allowed us to work at zero quark mass, which would have otherwise been impossible. The theory with 2 massless staggered quark flavors appears to have a first order finite temperature phase transition at N-t=4 for the value of 4-fermion coupling we have chosen, in contrast to what is expected for 2-flavor QCD. The pion screening mass is seen to vanish below this transition, only to become massive and degenerate with the sigma (f(0)) above this transition where the chiral symmetry is restored, as is seen by the vanishing of the chiral condensate. [S0556-2821(98)06915-X]. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 21 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 3 AR 034504 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 106ZJ UT WOS:000075181100032 ER PT J AU Mertens, BPG Kronfeld, AS El-Khadra, AX AF Mertens, BPG Kronfeld, AS El-Khadra, AX TI Self energy of massive lattice fermions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID NONRELATIVISTIC QCD; PERTURBATION-THEORY; WILSON FERMIONS; GAUGE-THEORY; RENORMALIZATION AB We address the perturbative renormalization of massive lattice fermions. We derive expressions-valid to all orders in perturbation theory and for all values of the bare fermion mass-for the rest mass, the kinetic mass, and the wave-function renormalization factor. We obtain the fermion's self energy at the one-loop level with a mass-dependent, O(a) improved action. Numerical results for two interesting special cases, the Wilson and Sheikholeslami-Wohlert actions, are given. The mass dependence of these results smoothly connects the massless and infinite-mass limits, as expected. Combined with Monte Carlo calculations our results can be employed to determine the quark masses in common renormalization schemes. [S0556-2821(98)04515-9]. C1 Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 3 AR 034505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.034505 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 106ZJ UT WOS:000075181100033 ER PT J AU Roberts, W AF Roberts, W TI Strong decays of heavy hadrons in heavy quark effective theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID FORM-FACTORS; RADIATIVE DECAYS; MESONS; SYMMETRY; QCD AB We discuss the application of the tensor formalism of HQET to the strong decays of heavy hadrons. We treat both meson and baryon decays, and note that all of our results are in agreement with the "spin-counting" arguments of Isgur and Wise. We briefly discuss the possible extension of the formalism to include 1/m corrections. [S0556-2821(98)00815-7] C1 Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Roberts, W (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD AUG 1 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 3 AR 034007 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 106ZJ UT WOS:000075181100019 ER PT J AU Stuart, LM Bosted, PE Andivahis, L Lung, A Alster, J Arnold, RG Chang, CC Dietrich, FS Dodge, WR Gearhart, R Gomez, J Griffioen, KA Hicks, RS Hyde-Wright, CE Keppel, C Kuhn, SE Lichtenstadt, J Miskimen, RA Peterson, GA Petratos, GG Rock, SE Rokni, SH Sakumoto, WK Spengos, M Swartz, K Szalata, Z Tao, LH AF Stuart, LM Bosted, PE Andivahis, L Lung, A Alster, J Arnold, RG Chang, CC Dietrich, FS Dodge, WR Gearhart, R Gomez, J Griffioen, KA Hicks, RS Hyde-Wright, CE Keppel, C Kuhn, SE Lichtenstadt, J Miskimen, RA Peterson, GA Petratos, GG Rock, SE Rokni, SH Sakumoto, WK Spengos, M Swartz, K Szalata, Z Tao, LH TI Measurements of the Delta(1232) transition form factor and the ratio sigma(n)/sigma(p) from inelastic electron-proton and electron-deuteron scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID R=SIGMA-L/SIGMA-T; CROSS-SECTIONS; PERTURBATIVE QCD; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; DISTRIBUTION AMPLITUDES; MOMENTUM-TRANSFERS; NUCLEON RESONANCES; 8.83 (GEV/C)(2); EXCITED BARYONS; GLOBAL ANALYSIS AB Measurements of inclusive electron-scattering cross sections using hydrogen and deuterium targets in the region of the Delta(1232) resonance are reported. A global fit tothese new data and previous data in the resonance region is also reported for the proton. Transition form factors have been extracted from the proton cross sections for this experiment over the four-momentum transfer squared range 1.64n'. This becomes particularly important in the study of transitions without central components, exhibiting a central minimum, as the effect of the higher n " states is to cause a filling in of the central minimum. An analytic derivation is provided and detailed calculations are performed to illustrate the effect. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Phys, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Lee, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 2441 EP 2445 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.2441 PN B PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 110LW UT WOS:000075381500054 ER PT J AU Carlsten, BE AF Carlsten, BE TI Growth rate of nonthermodynamic emittance of intense electron beams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINJECTORS; COMPENSATION; RF AB The nonlinear free-energy concept has been particularly useful in estimating the emittance growth resulting from any excess energy of electron beams in periodic and uniform channels. However, additional emittance growth, that is geometrical rather than thermodynamic in origin, is induced if the particles have different kinetic energies and axial velocities, which is common for mildly relativistic, very intense electron beams. This effect is especially strong if particles lose or gain significant kinetic energy due to the beam's potential depression, as the beam converges and diverges. In this paper we analyze these geometric emittance growth mechanisms for a uniform, continuous, intense electron beam in a focusing transport channel consisting of discrete solenoidal magnets, over distances short enough that the beam does not reach equilibrium. These emittance growth mechanisms are based on the effects of (1) energy variations leading to nonlinearities in the space-charge force even if the current density is uniform, (2) an axial velocity shear radially along the beam due to the beam's azimuthal motion in the solenoids, and (3) an energy redistribution of the beam as the beam compresses or expands. The geometric emittance growth is compared in magnitude with that resulting from the nonlinear free energy. for the case of a mismatched beam in a uniform channel, and is shown to dominate for certain experimental conditions. Rules for minimizing the emittance along a beamline are outlined. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Carlsten, BE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP 2489 EP 2500 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.2489 PN B PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 110LW UT WOS:000075381500061 ER PT J AU Forsman, A Ng, A Chiu, G More, RM AF Forsman, A Ng, A Chiu, G More, RM TI Interaction of femtosecond laser pulses with ultrathin foils SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SOLID-DENSITY PLASMAS; ELECTRON-ION EQUILIBRATION; STRONGLY COUPLED PLASMA; X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; SIMPLE METAL; ABSORPTION; CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; TARGETS; DRIVEN AB An approach for using intense femtosecond lasers to produce an equivalent idealized slab plasma of uniform electron density and temperature is described and demonstrated through numerical simulations. With a femtosecond laser as a probe, such a plasma allows the direct measurement of ac conductivity in the strongly coupled regime. It also serves as an initial value problem for the study of hot expanded states of matter. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Forsman, A (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 BP R1248 EP R1251 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.58.R1248 PN A PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 110LV UT WOS:000075383700019 ER PT J AU Knoll, DA Catto, PJ Krasheninnikov, SI AF Knoll, DA Catto, PJ Krasheninnikov, SI TI A computational investigation of divertor plasma scaling laws SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID SCRAPE-OFF LAYER; SIMILARITY; DETACHMENT; EQUATIONS AB Usually, tokamak core scaling laws sure written in terms of dimensionless geometrical quantities and parameters corresponding to Coulomb collisionality, gyro-motion,and plasma beta. However, Lackner [K. Lackner, Comments Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 15, 359 (1994)] observed that the temperature profiles also must be the same to obtain the same atomic physics in the divertor region of similar discharges. He obtained a scaling indicating that none of the present tokamaks could be made similar to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) [G. Janeschitz et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 220-222, 73 (1995)], but implicitly retained only two body interactions. Subsequent work [P. J. Catto et al., Phys. Plasmas 3. 3191 (1996)] demonstrated that non-two-body effects (multistep radiation, excitation, and ionization processes as well as three body recombination) cannot be ignored for plasma densities above 10(19) m(-3); the regime in which the ITER divertor must operate. In this reactor relevant regime, scaling law information must be obtained experimentally and by complex numerical simulations. To retain and quantify non-two-body effects on scaling laws we employ numerical simulations from a two dimensional box geometry version of the UEDGE code [D. A. Knoll et al., Phys. Plasmas 3, 293 (1996)] which includes a coupled plasma and neutral fluid description retaining non-two-body effects. Results are presented from a numerical investigation into the upstream parallel heat flux divided by upstream pressure scaling, as well as collisionality scaling, of the tokamak divertor target heat flux and ion saturation current. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Lodestar Res Corp, Boulder, CO USA. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. RP Knoll, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 1998 VL 5 IS 8 BP 2912 EP 2920 DI 10.1063/1.873013 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 111WY UT WOS:000075462500013 ER PT J AU Kolesnichenko, YI Lutsenko, VV White, RB Yakovenko, YV AF Kolesnichenko, YI Lutsenko, VV White, RB Yakovenko, YV TI Theory of resonance influence of sawtooth crashes on ions with large orbit width SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION PROFILE MEASUREMENTS; REDISTRIBUTION; TFTR; JET; OSCILLATIONS; DISCHARGES; TRANSPORT; PARTICLES; TOPOLOGY; TOKAMAKS AB The role of resonances in the sawtooth-crash-induced redistribution of fast ions is investigated. In particular, the conditions of wave-particle resonant interaction in the presence of the equilibrium electric field and the mode rotation are obtained, and effects of sawteeth on the resonant particles with arbitrary width of nonperturbed orbits are studied. It is found that resonances play the dominant role in the transport of ions having sufficiently high energy. It is shown that the resonance regions may overlap, in which case the resonant particles may constitute the main fraction of the fast ion population in the sawtooth mixing region. The behavior of the resonant particles is studied both by constructing a Poincare map and analytically, by means of the adiabatic invariant derived in this paper and calculation of the characteristic frequencies of the particle motion. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Nucl Res Inst, Ctr Sci, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Kolesnichenko, YI (reprint author), Nucl Res Inst, Ctr Sci, UA-252650 Kiev, Ukraine. RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013; OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685; Yakovenko, Yuriy/0000-0002-3499-5275 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 1998 VL 5 IS 8 BP 2963 EP 2976 DI 10.1063/1.873021 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 111WY UT WOS:000075462500021 ER PT J AU Wang, P Mehlhorn, TM MacFarlane, JJ AF Wang, P Mehlhorn, TM MacFarlane, JJ TI A unified self-consistent model for calculating ion stopping power in ICF plasma SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY DEPOSITION; FUSION-TARGETS; PROTONS; STATES AB A new unified self-consistent ion stopping power model for use in ion-driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) target design has been developed. This model includes sophisticated treatments for electron density distribution of an atom in plasmas and a full random phase approximation stopping function that extrapolates the zero temperature Lindhard stopping function to arbitrary temperatures. It is shown that this model provides accurate ion stopping power for cold materials, including both low-Z and high-Z elements. For finite temperature plasmas, the model accounts for the stopping effects due to electrons in ground states, excited states, resonance states, and continuum states in a self-consistent manner. There is no separation treatment for ''bound'' and ''free'' electrons. Hence, the model enables the calculations of ion stopping power to be made within a single model for a wide range of beam and target conditions relevant to ICF studies. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Fus Technol Inst, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 1998 VL 5 IS 8 BP 2977 EP 2987 DI 10.1063/1.873022 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 111WY UT WOS:000075462500022 ER PT J AU Bel'kov, SA Mkhitarian, LS Vinokurov, OA Kochemasov, GG Bondarenko, SV Wilson, DC Hoffman, NM AF Bel'kov, SA Mkhitarian, LS Vinokurov, OA Kochemasov, GG Bondarenko, SV Wilson, DC Hoffman, NM TI Simulation of instability growth rates on the front and back of laser accelerated planar targets SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITIES; RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; NATIONAL-IGNITION-FACILITY; THICKNESS FLUID LAYERS; STRATIFIED FLUIDS; STABILITY; FUSION; DESIGN AB The ability of an inertial confinement fusion target to achieve ignition and burn depends critically upon controlling the,growth of hydrodynamic perturbations originating on the outer ablator surface and the inner deuterium-tritium (DT) ice. The MIMOZA-ND code [Sofronov et al., Voprosy Atomnoy Nauki i Tehniki 2, 3 (1990)] was used to model perturbation growth On both sides of carbon foils irradiated by 0.35 mu m Light at 10(15) W/cm(2). When an initial perturbation was applied to a laser irradiated surface, the computational instability growth rates agreed well with the existing theoretical estimates. Perturbations applied to the rear side of the target for wavelengths that are large compared to the thickness (d/Lambda much less than 1) behave similarly to the perturbations at the ablation front. For d/Lambda greater than or equal to 1, the shorter the wave length is, the faster the decrease of the growth rate of the amplitudes at the interface (and the mass flows) as compared to the perturbations at the ablation front. This is due to the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability-induced transverse velocity component. The time of Rayleigh-Taylor instability transition to the nonlinear phase depends on the initial amplitude and is well modeled by an infinitely thin shell approximation. The transverse velocity generated by the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability causes the interaction of Lambda = 10 mu m and Lambda = 2 mu m wavelength modes to differ qualitatively when the perturbations are applied to the ablation front or to the rear side of target. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Inst Phys Expt, Sarov 607190, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bel'kov, SA (reprint author), Russian Fed Nucl Ctr, Inst Phys Expt, Sarov 607190, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 1998 VL 5 IS 8 BP 2988 EP 2996 DI 10.1063/1.873023 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 111WY UT WOS:000075462500023 ER PT J AU Marder, BM Sanford, TWL Allshouse, GO AF Marder, BM Sanford, TWL Allshouse, GO TI Numerical simulations of annular wire-array z-pinches in (x,y), (r,theta), and (r,z) geometries SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID IMPLOSION; POWER AB The Total Immersion Particle [B. M. Marder, Math. Comput. 29, 434 (1973)] code has been used in several two-dimensional geometries to understand better the measured dynamics of annular, aluminum wire-array z-pinches. The areas investigated include the formation of the plasma sheath from current-induced individual wire explosions, the effects of wire number and symmetry on the implosion dynamics, and the dependence of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth on initial sheath thickness. A qualitative change in the dynamics with increasing wire number was observed, corresponding to a transition between a z-pinch composed of nonmerging, self-pinching individual wires, and one characterized by the rapid formation and subsequent implosion of a continuous plasma sheath. A sharp increase in radiated power with increasing wire number has been observed experimentally near this calculated transition. Although two-dimensional codes have correctly simulated observed power pulse durations, there are indications that three-dimensional effects are important in understanding the actual mechanism by which these pulse lengths are produced. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Marder, BM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 1998 VL 5 IS 8 BP 2997 EP 3005 DI 10.1063/1.873024 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 111WY UT WOS:000075462500024 ER PT J AU Slutz, SA AF Slutz, SA TI Ion pressure induced bending of the virtual-cathode in multistage ion diodes SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATION; BEAMS AB The electric force that accelerates ions in a magnetically insulated diode is transferred to the electrodes by the magnetic field. This force, which appears as an ion pressure term in the pressure balance equation, causes a bending of the virtual-cathode and consequently a lensing effect. Analytic calculations of the shape of the virtual-cathode resulting from this ion pressure are presented and a simple formula for the effective focal length resulting from the bending of the virtual-cathode is given. The focussing is a function of the accelerating voltage and the injected beam kinetic energy and current density. Thus a relationship between these parameters must be maintained to keep the beam on target. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Slutz, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM saslutz@sandia.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 1998 VL 5 IS 8 BP 3021 EP 3027 DI 10.1063/1.873026 PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 111WY UT WOS:000075462500026 ER PT J AU Lund, SM Davidson, RC AF Lund, SM Davidson, RC TI Warm-fluid description of intense beam equilibrium and electrostatic stability properties SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CHARGED-PARTICLE BEAM; EMITTANCE GROWTH; FOCUSING FIELD; PROPAGATION; SIMULATION; FUSION; ENERGY AB A nonrelativistic warm-fluid model is employed in the electrostatic approximation to investigate the equilibrium and stability properties of an unbunched, continuously focused intense ion beam. A closed macroscopic model is obtained by truncating the hierarchy of moment equations by the assumption of negligible heat flow. Equations describing self-consistent fluid equilibria are derived and elucidated with examples corresponding to thermal equilibrium, the Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij (KV) equilibrium, and the waterbag equilibrium. Linearized fluid equations are derived that describe the evolution of small-amplitude perturbations about an arbitrary equilibrium. Electrostatic stability properties are analyzed in detail for a cold beam with step-function density profile, and then for axisymmetric flute perturbations with partial derivative/partial derivative theta = 0 and partial derivative/partial derivative z = 0 about a warm-fluid KV beam equilibrium. The radial eigenfunction describing axisymmetric flute perturbations about the KV equilibrium is found to be identical to the eigenfunction derived in a full kinetic treatment. However, in contrast to the kinetic treatment, the warm-fluid model predicts stable oscillations. None of the instabilities that are present in a kinetic description are obtained in the fluid model. A careful comparison of he mode oscillation frequencies associated with the fluid and kinetic models is made in order to delineate which stability features of a KV beam are model-dependent and which may have general applicability. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Lund, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 53 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD AUG PY 1998 VL 5 IS 8 BP 3028 EP 3053 DI 10.1063/1.873027 PG 26 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 111WY UT WOS:000075462500027 ER PT J AU Murillo, MS Weisheit, JC AF Murillo, MS Weisheit, JC TI Dense plasmas, screened interactions, and atomic ionization SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review DE dense plasma; ionization; screened interactions; generalized oscillator strengths ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; ELECTRON-IMPACT EXCITATION; STRONGLY COUPLED PLASMAS; NONIDEAL HYDROGEN PLASMA; HIGH-TEMPERATURE PLASMAS; DYNAMIC STRUCTURE FACTOR; LASER-PRODUCED PLASMAS; ONE-COMPONENT PLASMA; INDIRECTLY DRIVEN; ION SCATTERING AB There now exist many laboratory programs to study non-equilibrium plasmas in which the electron interparticle spacing n(e)(-1/3) is no more than a few Bohr radii. Among these are short-pulse laser heating of solid targets, where n(e) similar to 10(23) cm(-3), and inertial confinement fusion experiments, where n(e) > 10(25) cm(-3) can be achieved. Under such extreme conditions, the plasma environment is expected to have a strong influence on atomic energy levels and transitions rates. Investigations of atomic ionization in hot, dense plasmas have been motivated by the fact that the instantaneous degree of ionization is a key parameter for the modeling of these rapidly evolving physical systems. Although various theoretical treatments have been presented in the literature, here we focus on the "random field" approach, because it can readily incorporate (quasi-static) level shifts of the target ion as well as dynamic plasma effects. In this approach, the stochastic perturbation of the target by plasma density fluctuations is described in terms of the dielectric response function. Limiting cases of this description yield the familiar binary cross-sectional model, static screening collision models, and the more general dynamical screening models. Screening of the target ion is treated here with several static screening potentials, and bound state level shifts of these potentials are explored. Atomic oscillator strength densities based on these different models are compared in numerical calculations for ionization of He+ and Ar+17. Finally, we compile a list of atomic/plasma physics issues that merit future investigation. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Space Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Plasma Phys Applicat Grp, Mail Stop B259, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM murillo@lanl.gov NR 127 TC 134 Z9 138 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 EI 1873-6270 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 302 IS 1 BP 1 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0370-1573(98)00017-9 PG 65 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZZ084 UT WOS:000074694100001 ER PT J AU Brodsky, SJ Pauli, HC Pinsky, SS AF Brodsky, SJ Pauli, HC Pinsky, SS TI Quantum chromodynamics and other field theories on the light cone SO PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Review ID MASSIVE SCHWINGER MODEL; INFINITE-MOMENTUM FRAME; RENORMALIZATION-GROUP APPROACH; CONSTITUENT-QUARK-MODEL; SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY-BREAKING; ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM-FACTORS; TAMM-DANCOFF APPROXIMATION; BOUND-STATE-SPECTRUM; GROSS-NEVEU MODEL; YANG-MILLS THEORY AB In recent years light-cone quantization of quantum field theory has emerged as a promising method for solving problems in the strong coupling regime. The approach has a number of unique features that make it particularly appealing, most notably, the ground state of the free theory is also a ground state of the full theory. We discuss the light-cone quantization of gauge theories from two perspectives: as a calculational tool for representing hadrons as QCD bound states of relativistic quarks and gluons, and also as a novel method for simulating quantum field theory on a computer. The light-cone Fock state expansion of wavefunctions provides a precise definition of the parton model and a general calculus for hadronic matrix elements. We present several new applications of light-cone Fock methods, including calculations of exclusive weak decays of heavy hadrons, and intrinsic heavy-quark contributions to structure functions. A general non-perturbative method for numerically solving quantum held theories, "discretized light-cone quantization", is outlined and applied to several gauge theories. This method is invariant under the large class of light-cone Lorentz transformations, and it can be formulated such that ultraviolet regularization is independent of the momentum space discretization. Both the bound-state spectrum and the corresponding relativistic light-cone wavefunctions can be obtained by matrix diagonalization and related techniques. We also discuss the construction of the light-cone Fock basis, the structure of the light-cone vacuum, and outline the renormalization techniques required for solving gauge theories within the Hamiltonian formalism on the light cone. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 471 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-1573 EI 1873-6270 J9 PHYS REP JI Phys. Rep.-Rev. Sec. Phys. Lett. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 301 IS 4-6 BP 300 EP 486 PG 187 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZY412 UT WOS:000074618700001 ER PT J AU Ringo, R AF Ringo, R TI Melvin Slein Freedman - Obituary SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ringo, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 1998 VL 51 IS 8 BP 78 EP 78 DI 10.1063/1.882354 PN 1 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 107PF UT WOS:000075217200020 ER PT J AU Keller, CF AF Keller, CF TI Terminology and science literacy issues extend the debate on revamping science's relation to society SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Keller, CF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 1998 VL 51 IS 8 BP 80 EP 80 PN 1 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 107PF UT WOS:000075217200024 ER PT J AU Panofsky, WKH AF Panofsky, WKH TI Memories of casting a wide Nyet at Geneva talks in late 1950s SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Panofsky, WKH (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD AUG PY 1998 VL 51 IS 8 BP 85 EP 86 DI 10.1063/1.882365 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 107PF UT WOS:000075217200033 ER PT J AU Coutts, T Fitzgerald, M AF Coutts, T Fitzgerald, M TI Thermophotovoltaics: the potential for power SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Coutts, T (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD AUG PY 1998 VL 11 IS 8 BP 49 EP 52 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 108UE UT WOS:000075283200034 ER PT J AU Gierie, WV Paterson, RL Brown, WH Proffit, WR AF Gierie, WV Paterson, RL Brown, WH Proffit, WR TI Accuracy of movement tracking with a miniaturized second-generation Moire device SO PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Moire magnification; tooth eruption ID HUMAN PREMOLAR ERUPTION; HIGH-RESOLUTION AB The availability of a Nanoform 600, a machine used in the contouring of optical components, with movement capabilities of 12.5 Angstrom, made it possible to determine the sensitivity, accuracy and movement tracking ability of a high-resolution measuring device using the principle of Moire magnification. The Nanoform 600 was programmed to make a series of movements measured by the Moire device. Comparison of the Moire measurement with the programmed movements verified that the Moire device is capable of reliably tracking movements as small as 0.05 mu m. Increasing the rate of movement had little effect on linearity. Tracking movements over a 350 mu m distance at rates of up to 340 mu m per second resulted in a 0.23% error. Intentionally defocusing the Moire signal did not appreciably affect sensitivity. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Dent, Dept Orthodont, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Gierie, WV (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Dent, Dept Orthodont, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0967-3334 J9 PHYSIOL MEAS JI Physiol. Meas. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 19 IS 3 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1088/0967-3334/19/3/007 PG 10 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Physiology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Physiology GA 114HU UT WOS:000075603700007 PM 9735889 ER PT J AU Louws, FJ Bell, J Medina-Mora, CM Smart, CD Opgenorth, D Ishimaru, CA Hausbeck, MK de Bruijn, FJ Fulbright, DW AF Louws, FJ Bell, J Medina-Mora, CM Smart, CD Opgenorth, D Ishimaru, CA Hausbeck, MK de Bruijn, FJ Fulbright, DW TI rep-PCR-mediated genomic fingerprinting: A rapid and effective method to identify Clavibacter michiganensis SO PHYTOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial canker of tomato; bacterial mosaic of wheat; ring rot of potato; taxonomy; wilt and leaf blight of corn; wilt of alfalfa ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CAMPESTRIS PV VESICATORIA; SUBSP MICHIGANENSIS; CORYNEFORM BACTERIA; XANTHOMONAS; SEPEDONICUS; STRAINS; SEQUENCES; IDENTIFICATION; DISSEMINATION AB The genomic DNA fingerprinting technique known as repetitive-sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) was evaluated as a tool to differentiate subspecies of Clavibacter michiganensis, with special emphasis on C, michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, the pathogen responsible for bacterial canker of tomato. DNA primers (REP, ERIC, and BOX), corresponding to conserved repetitive element motifs in the genomes of diverse bacterial species, were used to generate genomic fingerprints of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis, C. michiganensis subsp. tessellarius, and C. michaganensis subsp. insidiosum. The rep-PCR-generated patterns of DNA fragments observed after agarose gel electrophoresis support the current division of C. michiganensis into five subspecies. In addition, the rep-PCR fingerprints identified at least four types (A,B, C, and D) within C, michiganensis subsp, michiganensis based on limited DNA polymorphisms; the ability to differentiate individual strains may be of potential use in studies on the epidemiology and host-pathogen interactions of this organism. In addition, we have recovered from diseased tomato plants a relatively large number of naturally occurring avirulent C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis strains with rep-PCR fingerprints identical to those of virulent C. michiganensis subsp, michiganensis strains. C1 Michigan State Univ, NSF Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, US DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Plant Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Bioagr Sci & Pest Management, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Fulbright, DW (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, NSF Ctr Microbial Ecol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 41 TC 76 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC PI ST PAUL PA 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA SN 0031-949X J9 PHYTOPATHOLOGY JI Phytopathology PD AUG PY 1998 VL 88 IS 8 BP 862 EP 868 DI 10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.8.862 PG 7 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 103VF UT WOS:000074978000017 PM 18944895 ER PT J AU Van't Hof, J AF Van't Hof, J TI Production of micronucleoli and onset of cotton fiber growth SO PLANTA LA English DT Article DE fiber; Gossypium (fiber development); growth (cotton fibers); micronucleoli; nucleolus ID PLANT; SUBSTANCES; OVULES AB Experiments focused on the early development of fiber cells of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. MD51 ne) ovules produced two novel findings: one biological, the other methodological. The first concerns a micronucleolus in the nucleus of fibers. This developmental marker appears at or a little before 4 days postanthesis (dpa) in about 10% of the fibers and increases thereafter to nearly 80% provided the fibers are growing on fertilized ovules. Micronucleoli are neither seen in nuclei of fibers at 0-2 dpa nor in nuclei of non-fiber cells. Consequently, it is postulated that they are the product of specific developmental genes associated with fiber growth. The second, methodological finding, involves acytological means of directly counting the number of fibers produced on young ovules at 1-4 dpa. The method provides quantitative data unavailable in the past. We used this method to show that emasculation caused a temporary 24-h delay in the initiation of fibers, that 30% of the fibers are affected, and that at 3 dpa both fertilized and unfertilized ovules have about 14500 fibers. These data indicate that the fibers on fertilized and unfertilized ovules represent the same cell populations, a finding heretofore unknown. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Van't Hof, J (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM vanthof@sun2.bnl.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0032-0935 J9 PLANTA JI Planta PD AUG PY 1998 VL 205 IS 4 BP 561 EP 566 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA ZY414 UT WOS:000074618900010 ER PT J AU Porkolab, M Becoulet, A Bonoli, PT Gormezano, C Koch, R Majeski, RJ Messiaen, A Noterdaeme, JM Petty, C Pinsker, R Start, D Wilson, R AF Porkolab, M Becoulet, A Bonoli, PT Gormezano, C Koch, R Majeski, RJ Messiaen, A Noterdaeme, JM Petty, C Pinsker, R Start, D Wilson, R TI Recent progress in ICRF physics SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Europhysics Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Heating and Current Drive of Fusion Devices CY JAN 20-23, 1998 CL KONINKLIJK HOGER INST DEFENSIE, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM HO KONINKLIJK HOGER INST DEFENSIE ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; ION-CYCLOTRON RANGE; WAVE CURRENT DRIVE; C-MOD TOKAMAK; ABSORPTION; ROTATION; PLASMAS; JET AB Recent progress in the area of ICRF physics is examined and summarized. A very brief summary of simplified theoretical predictions is given. Illustrative examples of experimental results in the area of ICRF heating and fast-wave current drive are given. ICRF heating is found to be highly effective in heating plasmas to high temperatures in modem tokamaks. Fast-wave current drive has been demonstrated in several experiments and the results are in good agreement with theory. Mode-conversion heating and current drive should be effective for profile control, but experimental results are still preliminary. C1 MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CEN Cadarache, CEA Fus, EURATOM Assoc, F-13108 St Paul Durance, France. Jet Joint Undertaking, Abingdon OX14 3EA, Oxon, England. Ecole Royale Mil Koninklijke Mil Sch, Assoc Euratom Belgium State, Lab Phys Plasmas, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Ecole Royale Mil Koninklijke Mil Sch, Assoc Euratom Belgium State, Lab Plasmafys, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Max Planck Inst Plasmaphys, EURATOM Assoc, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Gen Atom Co, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Porkolab, M (reprint author), MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD AUG PY 1998 VL 40 SU 8A BP A35 EP A52 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/40/8A/004 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 119FG UT WOS:000075884900004 ER PT J AU Verhoeven, AGA Bongers, WA Bratman, VL Caplan, M Denisov, GG van der Geer, CAJ Manintveld, P Poelman, AJ Pluygers, J Shmelyov, MY Smeets, PHM Sterk, AB Urbanus, WH AF Verhoeven, AGA Bongers, WA Bratman, VL Caplan, M Denisov, GG van der Geer, CAJ Manintveld, P Poelman, AJ Pluygers, J Shmelyov, MY Smeets, PHM Sterk, AB Urbanus, WH TI First microwave generation in the FOM free-electron maser SO PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Europhysics Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Heating and Current Drive of Fusion Devices CY JAN 20-23, 1998 CL KONINKLIJK HOGER INST DEFENSIE, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM HO KONINKLIJK HOGER INST DEFENSIE AB A free-electron maser (FEM) has been built as a pilot experiment for a millimetre-wave source for applications on future fusion research devices such as ITER, the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor. A unique feature of the Dutch fusion FEM is the possibility to tune the frequency over the entire range from 130 to 260 GHz at an output power exceeding 1 MW. In the first phase of the project, the so-called inverse set-up is used. The electron gun is mounted inside the high-voltage terminal. The entire beam line was tested successfully with extremely low loss current, lower than 0.05%. The first generation of millimetre waves was achieved in October 1997. The highest peak power measured so far is 700 kW at 200 GHz. This was achieved with a beam current of 8 A and an acceleration voltage of 1.77 MV. The output power, start-up time and frequency correspond well with the simulation results. The parameter scans for the longitudinal undulator gap. acceleration voltage and reflection coefficient have given a wide range of interesting data of which a few highlights are given. C1 EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasmafys Rijnhuizen, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Inst Phys Appl, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Verhoeven, AGA (reprint author), EURATOM, FOM, Inst Plasmafys Rijnhuizen, POB 1207, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. EM verhoeven@rijnh.nl NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0741-3335 J9 PLASMA PHYS CONTR F JI Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion PD AUG PY 1998 VL 40 SU 8A BP A139 EP A156 DI 10.1088/0741-3335/40/8A/011 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 119FG UT WOS:000075884900011 ER PT J AU Jeong, JY Babayan, SE Tu, VJ Park, J Henins, I Hicks, RF Selwyn, GS AF Jeong, JY Babayan, SE Tu, VJ Park, J Henins, I Hicks, RF Selwyn, GS TI Etching materials with an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOW-DISCHARGE; OXYGEN; FILMS AB A plasma jet has been developed for etching materials at atmospheric pressure and between 100 and 275 degrees C. Gas mixtures containing helium, oxygen and carbon tetrafluoride were passed between an outer, grounded electrode and a centre electrode, which was driven by 13.56 MHz radio frequency power at 50 to 500 W. At a flow rate of 51 l min(-1), a stable, are-free discharge was produced. This discharge extended out through a nozzle at the end of the electrodes, forming a plasma jet. Materials placed 0.5 cm downstream from the nozzle were etched at the following maximum rates: 8.0 mu m min(-1) for Kapton (O(2) and He only), 1.5 mu m min(-1) for silicon dioxide, 2.0 mu m min(-1) for tantalum and 1.0 mu m min(-1) for tungsten. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to identify the electronically excited species inside the plasma and outside in the jet effluent. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jeong, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 27 TC 181 Z9 193 U1 2 U2 58 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 7 IS 3 BP 282 EP 285 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/7/3/005 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 114KK UT WOS:000075608000004 ER PT J AU Babayan, SE Jeong, JY Tu, VJ Park, J Selwyn, GS Hicks, RF AF Babayan, SE Jeong, JY Tu, VJ Park, J Selwyn, GS Hicks, RF TI Deposition of silicon dioxide films with an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; TETRAETHYLORTHOSILICATE; TETRAETHOXYSILANE; MECHANISM; OZONE; PYROLYSIS AB A plasma jet has been developed which deposits silica films at up to 3000 Angstrom min(-1) at 760 Torr and 115 to 350 degrees C. The jet operates by feeding oxygen and helium gas between two coaxial electrodes that are driven by a 13.56 MHz radio frequency source at 40 to 500 W. Tetraethoxysilane is mixed with the effluent of the plasma jet and directed onto a substrate located 1.7 cm downstream. The properties of the silica films, as determined by infrared spectroscopy and capacitance measurements, are comparable to those of thermally grown silicon dioxide films at 900 degrees C. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM rhicks@ucla.edu NR 22 TC 151 Z9 156 U1 3 U2 27 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0963-0252 EI 1361-6595 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 7 IS 3 BP 286 EP 288 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/7/3/006 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 114KK UT WOS:000075608000005 ER PT J AU Bonivert, WD Cushnie, G AF Bonivert, WD Cushnie, G TI The Metal Finishing Shop Directory SO PLATING AND SURFACE FINISHING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bonivert, WD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, M-S 9404,Box 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ELECTROPLATERS SOC INC PI ORLANDO PA 12644 RESEARCH PKWY, ORLANDO, FL 32826-3298 USA SN 0360-3164 J9 PLAT SURF FINISH JI Plat. Surf. Finish. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 85 IS 8 BP 45 EP 46 PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA 112NH UT WOS:000075500300009 ER PT J AU Duke, JR Hoisington, MA Langlois, DA Benicewicz, BC AF Duke, JR Hoisington, MA Langlois, DA Benicewicz, BC TI High temperature properties of poly(styrene-co-alkylmaleimide) foams prepared by high internal phase emulsion polymerization SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE foams; high internal phase emulsion; styrene ID IN-OIL EMULSIONS; STABILITY; STYRENE AB The influence of three N-substituted maleimides on the processing, thermal, and mechanical performance of high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) polymerized foams are investigated. N-propylmaleimide, N-butylmaleimide, and N-cyclohexylmaleimide were copolymerized with styrene and crosslinked with either divinylbenzene or bis(3-ethyl-5-methyl-4-maleimide-phenyl)methane in a HIPE polymerization process. The foam samples were evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, compression strength measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. All maleimide modifiers produced increases in the foam glass transition temperature (T-g) as a function of the maleimide concentration. However, the degree of T-g improvement was strongly dependent on the N-substituted maleimide used during processing. Cyclohexylmaleimide produced higher T-g foams than propylmaleimide, which produced higher T-g foams than butylmaleimide. In addition, the N-substituted maleimide solubility in both the oil and water phases played important roles in the processing and final open-celled microstructure. The preferred N-substituted maleimide modifier should possess high solubility in the oil phase and insolubility in the water phase. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Polymers & Coatings Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. 3M Austin Ctr, Austin, TX 78726 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Duke, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Polymers & Coatings Grp, MS E549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Benicewicz, Brian/0000-0003-4130-1232 NR 45 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD AUG PY 1998 VL 39 IS 18 BP 4369 EP 4378 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(98)00115-3 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA ZZ253 UT WOS:000074710900025 ER PT J AU Miner, N Caudell, T AF Miner, N Caudell, T TI Computational requirements and synchronization issues for virtual acoustic displays SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID AUDIO; TONES AB This paper addresses two main issues concerning virtual acoustic displays. First, we discuss the computational requirements including sound generation (or synthesis), environmental effects modeling, and three-dimensional (3-D) sound localization. The computational analysis reveals that acoustic processing delays of at least 66 ms are expected with today's technology. This analysis motivates the second issue: how much computational time is available for executing the acoustic process, assuming the requirement for perceptually perfect audiovisual synchronization? A psychoacoustic experiment designed to quantify the tolerable audiovisual delay indicates that an acoustic impact event must occur within an average of 175 ms of the visual event in order for the events to be perceived as synchronous. The most highly trained observers detect desynchrony with an audiovisual delay as low as 100 ms. The results of the computational requirement analysis and the psychoacoustic synchronization experiment provide important information for designers and researchers of virtual acoustic displays. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept EECE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Miner, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM neminer@isrc.sandia.gov; tpc@eece.unm.edu NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 55 HAYWARD STREET, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1054-7460 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 7 IS 4 BP 396 EP 409 DI 10.1162/105474698565802 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 107BP UT WOS:000075186200005 ER PT J AU Souers, PC Anderson, SR Hayes, B Lyle, J Lee, EL McGuire, SM Tarver, CM AF Souers, PC Anderson, SR Hayes, B Lyle, J Lee, EL McGuire, SM Tarver, CM TI Corner turning rib tests on LX-17 SO PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS LA English DT Article AB A circularly curved piece of LX-17 of square cross section was detonated at one end with a plane-wave lens. Detonation velocities along the inner and outer edge were measured with pins and a streak camera measured the detonation front curvature on the end face. A steady state "shadow" or inner curve velocity of 7.13 mm/mu s was measured for rib radii of 89 mm and 114 mm. Time constants for the change to steady state on the curve were derived. The outer time constant is set by the time for the energy to flow across the explosive, not by the reaction zone length, and this results in a considerable tilt of the front. The tilt causes the leading point of the front to move far inward, close to the inner edge. A simple theory for reaction zone lengths is used first on slabs and then on the rib. Because the tilt directs the front away from the inner edge, the inner edge of the rib can sustain a shadow velocity lower than the failure velocity of the cylinder or slab. The rib has been modeled with Ignition and Growth th in DYNA2D, producing a smooth set of detonation velocities that are slightly low. The production beta/program burn package in VHEMP produces a less smooth set of velocities that are too high. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Souers, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Energet Mat Ctr, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0721-3115 J9 PROPELL EXPLOS PYROT JI Propellants Explos. Pyrotech. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 23 IS 4 BP 200 EP 207 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4087(199808)23:4<200::AID-PREP200>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 118AD UT WOS:000075814300007 ER PT J AU Balestrieri, ML Malik, KU Balestrieri, C Lee, TC AF Balestrieri, ML Malik, KU Balestrieri, C Lee, TC TI Types of purinoceptors and phospholipase A(2) involved in the activation of the platelet-activating factor-dependent transacetylase activity and arachidonate release by ATP in endothelial cells SO PROSTAGLANDINS & OTHER LIPID MEDIATORS LA English DT Article DE purinoceptors; phospholipase A(2); platelet-activating factor; PAF-dependent transacetylase; acyl analogs of PAF; arachidonate release; endothelial cells ID COA-INDEPENDENT TRANSACYLASE; HUMAN NEUTROPHILS; PROTEIN-KINASE; RECEPTORS; BIOSYNTHESIS; 1-ALKYL-2-ACETYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE; 1-ACYL-2-ACETYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE; ACETYLTRANSFERASE; EXPRESSION; PATHWAY AB Acyl analogs of PAF are the major products synthesized during agonist stimulation of endothelial cells. We have previously shown that PAF: 1-acyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine transacetylase in calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells is activated by ATP through protein phosphorylation, and the increase in transacetylase activity by ATP contributes to the biosynthesis of acyl analogs of PAF (J. Biol. Chem. 272, 17431-17437, 1997). To understand the mechanism(s) by which ATP stimulates acyl analogs of PAF production, we have identified the subtypes of the purinergic receptor that are linked to the activation of two enzymes involved in the generation of acyl analogs of PAF, namely, transacetylase and phospholipase A(2). Experiments with transient transfection of the cells with antisense and sense thio-oligonucleotide to cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) were also performed to evaluate whether downstream activation of cPLA(2) is involved in ATP-receptor mediated induction of arachidonate release and synthesis of radylacetyl-GPC. We found that the P-2u/P2Y(2) receptor, which recognizes a pyrimidine nucleotide, UTP, as well as purine nucleotides, shows a potency profile of UTP > ATP = ATP gamma S > 2-methylthio-ATP in mediating the activation of PAF: lysophospholipid transacetylase, On the other hand, ADP beta S and 2-methylthio-ATP have similar potencies as ATP but have lower potencies than UTP and ATP gamma S in stimulating the release of arachidonate. These results suggest that both P-2u/P2Y(2) and P-2y/P2Y(1) receptor subtypes promote arachidonate release. In addition, transient transfection of endothelial cells with cPLA(2) antisense but not the sense thio-oligonucleotide inhibited the stimulation of arachidonate release and [H-3]acetate incorporation into radyl[H-3]acetyl-GPC. Thus, our data suggest that a receptor-mediated process is involved in the activation of transacetylase for the induced synthesis of acyl analogs of PAF in endothelial cells. Furthermore, it is Likely that cPLA(2) supplies the lysophospholipids as substrates for the transacetylation reaction. C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Environm & Hlth Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Naples 2, Dept Biochem & Biophys F Cedrangolo, I-80138 Naples, Italy. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Coll Med, Dept Pharmacol, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RP Lee, TC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Environm & Hlth Sci Div, POB 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 52492] NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-6980 J9 PROSTAG OTH LIPID M JI Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 56 IS 5-6 BP 363 EP 375 DI 10.1016/S0090-6980(98)00065-3 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 218FY UT WOS:000081543600007 PM 9990678 ER PT J AU Littlefield, LG McFee, AF Salomaa, SI Tucker, JD Inskip, PD Sayer, AM Lindholm, C Makinen, S Mustonen, R Sorensen, K Tekkel, M Veidebaum, T Auvinen, A Boice, JD AF Littlefield, LG McFee, AF Salomaa, SI Tucker, JD Inskip, PD Sayer, AM Lindholm, C Makinen, S Mustonen, R Sorensen, K Tekkel, M Veidebaum, T Auvinen, A Boice, JD TI Do recorded doses overestimate true doses received by Chernobyl cleanup workers? Results of cytogenetic analyses of Estonian workers by fluorescence in situ hybridization SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; IONIZING-RADIATION; LYMPHOCYTES; ACCIDENT; EXPOSURE; SMOKING; CANCER; FISH; AGE AB Studies of workers who were sent to Chernobyl after the 1986 reactor accident are being conducted to provide a better understanding of the effects of chronic low-dose radiation exposures. A crucial component to these investigations is an accurate assessment of the radiation doses received during the cleanup activities. To provide information on biological measurements of dose, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with whole-chromosome painting probes has been applied to quantify stable chromosome aberrations (translocations and insertions) among a defined cohort of 4,833 cleanup workers from Estonia. Cytogenetic analysis of 48-h lymphocyte cultures from 118 Estonian cleanup workers (10.3 cGy mean recorded dose; 25 cGy maximum), 29 Estonian population controls and 21 American controls was conducted by three laboratories. More than 258,000 painted metaphases were evaluated. Overall, we observed lower translocation frequencies than has been reported in previous studies using FISH among Chernobyl cleanup workers. In our data, a clear association with increased levels of translocations was seen with increasing age at blood drawing. There was no correlation, however, between aberration frequency and recorded measurements of physical dose or any category of potential high-dose and high-dose-rate exposure such as being sent to Chernobyl in 1986, working on the roof near the damaged nuclear reactor, working in special zones or having multiple tours. In fact, the translocation frequency was lower among the exposed workers than the controls, though not significantly so. To estimate the level of effect that would have been expected in a population of men having an average dose of similar to 10 cGy, blood from six donors was exposed to low-LET radiation, and more than 32,000 metaphases were scored to estimate dose-response coefficients for radiation-induced translocations in chromosome pairs 1, 2 and 4. Based on these results, we estimate that had this group of 118 men received an average whole-body dose of 10-11 cGy, as chronic or acute exposures, an increase in the mean frequency of chromosome translocations of more than 40-65% would have been observed in their lymphocytes compared to findings in nonirradiated controls. In spite of evaluating more than a quarter of a million metaphases, we were unable to detect any increase in the mean, median or range in chromosome aberrations in lymphocyte cultures from a group of Estonian men who took part in the cleanup of the Chernobyl nuclear power site and those who did not. We conclude that it is likely that recorded doses for these cleanup workers overestimate their average bone marrow doses, perhaps substantially. These results are consistent with several negative studies of cancer incidence in Chernobyl cleanup workers and, if borne out, suggest that future studies may not be sufficiently powerful to detect increases in leukemia or cancer, much less distinguish differences between the effects of chronic compared to brief radiation exposures. (C) 1998 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. STUK Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, Helsinki, Finland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA. NCI, Biostat Program, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA. Inst Clin & Expt Med, Tallinn, Estonia. Finnish Canc Registry, FIN-00170 Helsinki, Finland. RP Littlefield, LG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. OI Auvinen, Anssi/0000-0003-1125-4818 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CP-50520, N01-CP-85638-03, Y01-CP4-0599] NR 44 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 150 IS 2 BP 237 EP 249 DI 10.2307/3579859 PG 13 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 105RT UT WOS:000075087900010 PM 9692369 ER PT J AU Li, YL Wong, GCL Safinya, CR Caine, E Hu, EL Haeffner, D Fernandez, P Yun, WB AF Li, YL Wong, GCL Safinya, CR Caine, E Hu, EL Haeffner, D Fernandez, P Yun, WB TI Bragg-Fresnel optics for hard x-ray microscopy: Development of fabrication process and x-ray characterization at the Advanced Photon Source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID LENSES AB Results are presented on development of processes for fabricating linear and circular Bragg-Fresnel lenses (BFLs) on Si and III-V compound material substrates, and on x-ray characterization of linear BFLs at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Processes were developed for fabricating long (zone length >5 mm) linear BFLs on Si with enhanced capability for focusing high-energy x rays. By stitching together 20 sequentially exposed 400-mu m-long linear BFLs, we were able to fabricate 8-mm-long linear BFLs with 0.5-mu m finest zone width. BFLs were also fabricated on III-V compound semiconductor substrates GaAs and InP, with improved process control due to the substantially reduced zone thickness required (similar to 50% less than Si). Reduction of the zone aspect ratio (thickness/width) lessens the demand on the process technology, and may lead to higher lens resolution and pattern transfer accuracy. A process was explored to fabricate BFLs on a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure incorporating a built-in "etch stop" layer to ensure uniform zone thickness. Experimental characterization of the focusing properties of a field-stitched 8-mm-long linear BFL on Si (zone aperture=150 mu m) was conducted at APS undulator beamline 1-ID-C using 10-keV x rays. Based on measured focal plane intensity distribution, the focus was estimated to be 1.2 mu m, comparable to the geometrically demagnified source size of similar to 1 mu m. Lens efficiency was estimated to be similar to 30%. Work is underway to incorporate the BFL-microprobe in x-ray microdiffraction and fluorescence microscopy experiments to study spatially confined complex materials. (C) 1998 American American of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Natl Nanofabricat Users Network, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Li, YL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Mat Res Lab, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. OI Safinya, Cyrus/0000-0002-3295-7128 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 69 IS 8 BP 2844 EP 2848 DI 10.1063/1.1149022 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 110HH UT WOS:000075375000002 ER PT J AU Welton, RF Alton, GD Cui, B Murray, SN AF Welton, RF Alton, GD Cui, B Murray, SN TI Experimental methods in radioactive ion-beam target/ion source development and characterization SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB We have developed off-line experimental techniques and apparatuses that permit direct measurement of effusive-flow delay times and ionization efficiencies for nearly any chemically reactive element in high-temperature target/ion sources (TIS) commonly used for on-line radioactive ion-beam (RIB) generation. The apparatuses include a hot Ta valve for effusive-flow delay-time measurements, a cooled molecular injection system for determination of ionization efficiencies, and a gas flow measurement/control system for introducing very low, well-defined molecular flows into the TTS. Measurements are performed on a test stand using molecular feed compounds containing stable complements of the radioactive nuclei of interest delivered to the TIS at how rates commensurate with on-line RIB generation In this article, the general techniques are described and effusive-flow delay times and ionization efficiency measurements are reported for fluorine in an electron-beam plasma target/ion source developed for RIB generation and operated in both positive- and negative-ion extraction modes. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Engn, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Welton, RF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM weltonrf@ornl.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 69 IS 8 BP 2892 EP 2897 DI 10.1063/1.1149225 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 110HH UT WOS:000075375000010 ER PT J AU Warwick, T Franck, K Kortright, JB Meigs, G Moronne, M Myneni, S Rotenberg, E Seal, S Steele, WF Ade, H Garcia, A Cerasari, S Delinger, J Hayakawa, S Hitchcock, AP Tyliszczak, T Kikuma, J Rightor, EG Shin, HJ Tonner, BP AF Warwick, T Franck, K Kortright, JB Meigs, G Moronne, M Myneni, S Rotenberg, E Seal, S Steele, WF Ade, H Garcia, A Cerasari, S Delinger, J Hayakawa, S Hitchcock, AP Tyliszczak, T Kikuma, J Rightor, EG Shin, HJ Tonner, BP TI A scanning transmission x-ray microscope for materials science spectromicroscopy at the advanced light source SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY AB Design and performance of a scanning transmission x-ray microscope (STXM) at the Advanced Light Source is described. This instrument makes use of a high brightness undulator beamline and extends the STXM technique to new areas of research. After 2.5 years of development it is now an operational tool for research in polymer science, environmental chemistry, and magnetic materials. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Tokyo, Sch Engn, Tokyo 113, Japan. Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd, Fuji, Shizuoka 416, Japan. Dow Chem Co, Midland, MI 48641 USA. POSTECH, Pohang Accelerator Lab, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Chem, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RP Warwick, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Rotenberg, Eli/B-3700-2009; Hayakawa, Shinjiro/B-1840-2010; Ade, Harald/E-7471-2011; OI Rotenberg, Eli/0000-0002-3979-8844; Hayakawa, Shinjiro/0000-0002-4187-6928; Garcia-Garcia, Adrian/0000-0002-5121-9032 NR 16 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 69 IS 8 BP 2964 EP 2973 DI 10.1063/1.1149041 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 110HH UT WOS:000075375000022 ER PT J AU Higgins, SR Eggleston, CM Knauss, KG Boro, CO AF Higgins, SR Eggleston, CM Knauss, KG Boro, CO TI A hydrothermal atomic force microscope for imaging in aqueous solution up to 150 degrees C SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID DISSOLUTION; CALCITE; GROWTH; 300-DEGREES-C; KINETICS; SURFACE; QUARTZ; FACE AB We present the design of a contact atomic force microscope (AFM) that can be used to image solid surfaces in aqueous solution up to 150 degrees C and 6 atm. The main features of this unique AFM are: (1) an inert gas pressurized microscope base containing stepper motor for coarse advance and the piezoelectric tube scanner; (2) a chemically inert membrane separating these parts From the fluid cell; (3) a titanium fluid cell with fluid inlet-outlet ports, a thermocouple port, and a sapphire optical window; (4) a resistively heated ceramic booster heater for the fluid cell to maintain the temperature of solutions sourced from a hydrothermal bomb; and (5) mass flow control. The design overcomes current limitations on the temperature and pressure range accessible to AFM imaging in aqueous solutions. Images taken at temperature and pressure are presented, demonstrating the unit-cell scale (<1 nm) vertical resolution of the AFM under hydrothermal conditions. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Higgins, SR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Geol & Geophys, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RI knauss, kevin/K-2827-2012 NR 20 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 69 IS 8 BP 2994 EP 2998 DI 10.1063/1.1149226 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 110HH UT WOS:000075375000027 ER PT J AU Yonas, G AF Yonas, G TI Fusion and the Z-pinch SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Yonas, G (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 5 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 5 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 279 IS 2 BP 40 EP + PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 101JB UT WOS:000074864900024 ER PT J AU Aronov, IE Beletskii, NN Berman, GP Campbell, DK Doolen, GD Dudiy, SV Mainieri, R AF Aronov, IE Beletskii, NN Berman, GP Campbell, DK Doolen, GD Dudiy, SV Mainieri, R TI AC transport and collective excitations in a quantum point contact SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Surfaces and Interfaces of Mesoscopic Devices CY DEC 07-12, 1997 CL MAUI, HAWAII SP Arizona State Univ, Off Naval Res AB We study the a.c. transport through a two-dimensional quantum point contact (QPC) using a Boltzmann-like kinetic equation derived for the partial Wigner distribution function. An integral equation for a potential inside a QPC is solved numerically. It is shown that the electric field inside a QPC is an inhomogeneous function of the spatial coordinate, with a characteristic scale equal to the distance between the electron's turning points. A dependence of the admittance on the frequency of the a.c. field is found in the frequency range, omega approximate to 0-50 GHz. The contribution to the imaginary part of the admittance due to the open and closed channels is numerically calculated. It is shown that the crossover of quantum capacitance and quantum inductance from localized behaviour to distributed behaviour takes place at omega similar to 10 GHz. A transition from 2D plasmons to quasi-1D plasmons is analysed as a function of two dimensionless parameters: k(x)d(0) (where k(x) is the longitudinal wavevector and do is the width of the QPC) and the number of open electron channels, N. C1 Sage Technol Inc, Marietta, GA 30067 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Radiophys & Elect, UA-310085 Kharkov, Ukraine. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Aronov, IE (reprint author), Sage Technol Inc, 835 Franklin Court,Suite A, Marietta, GA 30067 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 13 IS 8A SU S BP A104 EP A106 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/13/8A/031 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 111MY UT WOS:000075442600031 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Doolen, GD Mainieri, R Rehacek, J Campbell, DK Luchnikov, VA Nagaev, KE AF Berman, GP Doolen, GD Mainieri, R Rehacek, J Campbell, DK Luchnikov, VA Nagaev, KE TI On properties of boundaries and electron conductivity in mesoscopic polycrystalline silicon films for memory devices SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Surfaces and Interfaces of Mesoscopic Devices CY DEC 07-12, 1997 CL MAUI, HAWAII SP Arizona State Univ, Off Naval Res AB We present the results of molecular dynamics modelling of the structural properties of grain boundaries (GBs) in thin polycrystalline films. The transition from crystalline boundaries with low mismatch angle to amorphous boundaries is investigated. It is shown that the structures of the GBs satisfy a thermodynamical criterion suggested by Keblinski et al (1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 2965). The potential energy of silicon atoms is closely related to a geometrical quantity: tetragonality of their coordination with their nearest neighbours. A crossover of the length of localization is observed. To analyse the crossover of the length of localization of the single-electron states and properties of conductance of the thin polycrystalline film at low temperature, we use a two-dimensional Anderson localization model, with the random one-site electron charging energy for a single grain (dot), random non-diagonal matrix elements and random number of connections between the neighbouring grains. The results for the crossover behaviour of the localization length of the single-electron states and characteristic properties of conductance are presented in the region of parameters where the transition from an insulator to a conductor takes place. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Radio Engn & Elect, Moscow 103907, Russia. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Nagaev, Kirill/H-6802-2016 OI Nagaev, Kirill/0000-0002-1659-6115 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 13 IS 8A SU S BP A33 EP A36 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/13/8A/012 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 111MY UT WOS:000075442600012 ER PT J AU Blount, MA Simmons, JA Moon, JS Baca, WE Reno, JL Hafich, MJ AF Blount, MA Simmons, JA Moon, JS Baca, WE Reno, JL Hafich, MJ TI Double electron layer tunnelling transistor (DELTT) SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Surfaces and Interfaces of Mesoscopic Devices CY DEC 07-12, 1997 CL MAUI, HAWAII SP Arizona State Univ, Off Naval Res ID RESONANT-TUNNELING TRANSISTORS; QUANTUM-WELLS; DEVICES; HETEROSTRUCTURES; DIODES AB We demonstrate the double electron layer tunnelling transistor (DELTT), based on the gate control of two-dimensional-two-dimensional tunnelling in a double quantum well. Unlike previously proposed resonant tunnelling transistors, the DELTT is entirely planar and can be easily fabricated in large numbers. At 1.5 K we demonstrate peak-to-background ratios of similar to 50:1 in source-drain conductance versus gate voltage and peak-to-valley ratios of similar to 20:1 in the source-drain current versus source-drain voltage. Using a single DELTT in series with a load resistor, we demonstrate low-power bistable memories at 1.5 K. We also demonstrate a unipolar complementary static RAM by connecting two DELTTs in series. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Phys & Astron, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Blount, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 13 IS 8A SU S BP A180 EP A183 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/13/8A/051 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 111MY UT WOS:000075442600051 ER PT J AU Wendt, JR Simmons, JA Moon, JS Baca, WE Blount, MA Reno, JL AF Wendt, JR Simmons, JA Moon, JS Baca, WE Blount, MA Reno, JL TI Dual-side electron beam lithography for independent submicron gating of double quantum well devices SO SEMICONDUCTOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Workshop on Surfaces and Interfaces of Mesoscopic Devices CY DEC 07-12, 1997 CL MAUI, HAWAII SP Arizona State Univ, Off Naval Res ID SYSTEMS AB We describe the first demonstration of dual-side electron beam lithography in achieving independent submicron gating in double quantum well devices. The technique utilizes the epoxy-bond and stop-etch process to remove the substrate material which allows the backside gates to be placed in close proximity (less than 1 mu m) to the frontside gates. The use of electron beam lithography allows both the definition of submicron features and the precise alignment of the front and back features to each other. We have applied this technique to the fabrication of double quantum point contacts on coupled AlGaAs/GaAs double quantum wells. Low-temperature transport measurements clearly show the formation of coupled, independently controllable mesoscopic structures in each of the two quantum wells. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wendt, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0268-1242 J9 SEMICOND SCI TECH JI Semicond. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 13 IS 8A SU S BP A86 EP A89 DI 10.1088/0268-1242/13/8A/026 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 111MY UT WOS:000075442600026 ER PT J AU Bruno, WJ Sun, F Torney, DC AF Bruno, WJ Sun, F Torney, DC TI Optimizing nonadaptive group tests for objects with heterogeneous priors SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE experimental design; group testing; constrained optimization; asymptotic power series; clone library screening ID POOLING DESIGNS AB We investigate nonadaptive group testing designs for heterogeneous mixtures of objects, independently positive with individual prior probabilities. In our model of the prior probabilities, the objects occur in one of several disjoint subsets and the number of positives in each subset is known. Furthermore, the positives are "uniformly distributed" within the subsets. The expected number of unresolved negative objects is minimized, and a unique global minimum is found for a family of stochastic, random incidence designs: all v group tests are constructed independently. The optimum incidence probabilities for the objects are well approximated by an asymptotic power series in v(-1). We find the three leading coefficients of this series. The dependence of the optimum incidence probability upon the prior probability is, to leading order, logarithmic. Objects with larger prior probability of being positive have smaller optimum incidence probability. Furthermore, this logarithmic dependence can be nonnegligible for screening collections of cloned DNA sequences. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gen & Mol Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Bruno, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, T-10, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1043 EP 1059 PG 17 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA ZM633 UT WOS:000073559700001 ER PT J AU Hunt, HB Marathe, MV Radhakrishnan, V Stearns, RE AF Hunt, HB Marathe, MV Radhakrishnan, V Stearns, RE TI The complexity of planar counting problems SO SIAM JOURNAL ON COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE planar; 3SAT; graphs; #P-complete; D-P-complete; NP-complete ID GRAPHS; ENUMERATION AB We prove the #P-hardness of the counting problems associated with various satisfiability, graph, and combinatorial problems, when restricted to planar instances. These problems include 3SAT, 1-3SAT, 1-EX3SAT, MINIMUM VERTEX COVER, MINIMUM DOMINATING SET, MINIMUM Feedback Vertex Set, X3C, Partition Into Triangles, and Clique Cover. We also prove the NP-completeness of the AMBIGUOUS SATISFIABILITY problems [J. B. Saxe, Two Papers on Graph Embedding Problems, Tech. Report CMU-CS-80-102, Dept. of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, 1980] and the D-P-completeness (with respect to random polynomial reducibility) of the unique satisfiability problems [L. G. Valiant and V. V. Vazirani, NP is as easy as detecting unique solutions, in Proc. 17th ACM Symp. on Theory of Computing, 1985, pp. 458-463] associated with several of the above problems, when restricted to planar instances. Previously, very few #P-hardness results, no NP-hardness results, and no D-P-completeness results were known for counting problems, ambiguous satisfiability problems, and unique satisfiability problems, respectively, when restricted to planar instances. Assuming P not equal NP, one corollary of the above results is that there are no epsilon-approximation algorithms for the problems of maximizing or minimizing a linear objective function subject to a planar system of linear inequality constraints over the integers. C1 SUNY Albany, Dept Comp Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hewlett Packard Corp, Cupertino, CA 95014 USA. RP SUNY Albany, Dept Comp Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM hunt@cs.albany.edu; marathe@lanl.gov; rven@cup.hp.com; res@cs.albany.edu NR 32 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0097-5397 EI 1095-7111 J9 SIAM J COMPUT JI SIAM J. Comput. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1142 EP 1167 DI 10.1137/S0097539793304601 PG 26 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA ZN726 UT WOS:000073675700012 ER PT J AU Lalee, M Nocedal, J Plantenga, T AF Lalee, M Nocedal, J Plantenga, T TI On the implementation of an algorithm for large-scale equality constrained optimization SO SIAM JOURNAL ON OPTIMIZATION LA English DT Article DE minimization; nonlinear optimization; large-scale optimization; constrained optimization; trust region methods; quasi-Newton methods ID TRUST-REGION ALGORITHM; GLOBAL CONVERGENCE; SUBPROBLEM; SYSTEMS AB This paper describes a software implementation of Byrd and Omojokun's trust region algorithm for solving nonlinear equality constrained optimization problems. The code is designed for the efficient solution of large problems and provides the user with a variety of linear algebra techniques for solving the subproblems occurring in the algorithm. Second derivative information can be used, but when it is not available, limited memory quasi-Newton approximations are made. The performance of the code is studied using a set of difficult test problems from the CUTE collection. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lalee, M (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Nocedal, Jorge/B-7255-2009 NR 45 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1052-6234 J9 SIAM J OPTIMIZ JI SIAM J. Optim. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 8 IS 3 BP 682 EP 706 DI 10.1137/S1052623493262993 PG 25 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA ZT095 UT WOS:000074047900004 ER PT J AU Nevins, MR Macal, CM Love, RJ Bragen, MJ AF Nevins, MR Macal, CM Love, RJ Bragen, MJ TI Simulation, animation and visualization of seaport operations SO SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE maritime; logistics; seaport; PORTSIM; MODSIM II; discrete-event simulation; animation; visualization; Savannah; Java; GUI AB PORTSIM is a seaport simulation model that computes throughout capability and determines resource utilization at a high level of detail. The ability to animate and to visualize these seaport processes will greatly enhance PORTSIM's capability and will allow planners to see operational constraints and bottlenecks, as opposed to inferring operational limitations through reviewing the existing PORTSIM statistical reports, graphs and charts. The animation and visualization will aid in the validation of the simulation processes and will provide a mechanism for planners to verify that the simulation executes in the desire manner. Playback and callback modes of animation and visualization will be described, and technical challenges to both modes of execution will be addressed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nevins, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIMULATION COUNCILS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA PO BOX 17900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92117 USA SN 0037-5497 J9 SIMULATION JI Simulation PD AUG PY 1998 VL 71 IS 2 BP 96 EP 106 DI 10.1177/003754979807100204 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 160FD UT WOS:000078219000004 ER PT J AU Oostrom, M Hofstee, C Dane, H Lenhard, RJ AF Oostrom, M Hofstee, C Dane, H Lenhard, RJ TI Single-source gamma radiation procedures for improved calibration and measurements in porous media SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE NAPL; immiscible liquids; salt concentration; gamma radiation systems; saturation; bulk density; volumetric liquid content ID NONAQUEOUS-PHASE LIQUID; MOVEMENT; WATER; AIR AB When dual-energy gamma radiation systems are employed for measurements in porous media, count rates from both sources are often used to compute parameter values. However, for several applications, the count rates of just one source are sufficient. These applications include the determination of volumetric liquid content values in two-liquid systems and salt concentration values in water-saturated porous media. Single-energy gamma radiation procedures for three applications are described in this paper. Through an error analysis, single-source procedures are shown to reduce the probable error in the determinations considerably. Example calculations and simple column experiments were conducted for each application to compare the performance of the new single-source and standard dual-source methods. In all cases, the single-source methods provided more reliable data than the traditional dual-source methods. In addition, a single-source calibration procedure is proposed to determine incident count rates indirectly. This procedure, which requires packing under saturated conditions, can be used in all single- and dual-source applications and yields accurate porosity and dry bulk density values. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm Technol Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Agron & Soils, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Sultan Qaboos Univ, Dept Soil & Water, Muscat, Oman. RP Oostrom, M (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Environm Technol Div, POB 999,MS K9-33, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD AUG PY 1998 VL 163 IS 8 BP 646 EP 656 DI 10.1097/00010694-199808000-00005 PG 11 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 113YM UT WOS:000075581500005 ER PT J AU Rubin, M von Rottkay, K Wen, SJ Ozer, N Slack, J AF Rubin, M von Rottkay, K Wen, SJ Ozer, N Slack, J TI Optical indices of lithiated electrochromic oxides SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE optical indices; thin films; electrochromic oxide ID VANADIUM-PENTOXIDE; FILMS AB Optical indices have been determined for thin films of several electrochromic oxide materials. One of the most important materials in electrochromic devices, WO3, was thoroughly characterized for a range of electrochromic states by sequential injection of Li ions. Another promising material, Li0.5Ni0.5O, was also studied in detail. Less detailed results are presented for three other common lithium-intercalating electrochromic electrode materials: V2O5, LiCoO2, and CeO2-TiO2. The films were grown by sputtering, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and sol-gel techniques. Measurements were made using a combination of variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and spectroradiometry. The optical constants were then extracted using physical and spectral models appropriate to each material. Optical indices of the underlying transparent conductors, determined in separate studies, were fixed in the models of this work. The optical models frequently agree well with independent physical measurements of film structure, particularly surface roughness by atomic force microscopy. Inhomogeneity due to surface roughness, gradient composition, and phase separation are common in both the transparent conductors and electrochromics, resulting sometimes in particularly complex models for these materials. Complete sets of data are presented over the entire solar spectrum for a range of colored states. These data are suitable for prediction of additional optical properties such as oblique transmittance and design of complete electrochromic devices. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rubin, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD AUG PY 1998 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(97)00222-5 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 105EL UT WOS:000075059700006 ER PT J AU Rubin, M Wen, SJ Richardson, T Kerr, J von Rottkay, K Slack, J AF Rubin, M Wen, SJ Richardson, T Kerr, J von Rottkay, K Slack, J TI Electrochromic lithium nickel oxide by pulsed laser deposition and sputtering SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE lithium nickel oxide; pulsed laser deposition; sputtering AB Thin films of lithium nickel oxide were deposited by sputtering and pulsed laser deposition (PLD) from targets of pressed LiNiO2 powder. The composition and structure of these films were analyzed using a variety of techniques, such as nuclear-reaction analysis, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and atomic-force microscopy. Crystalline structure, surface morphology and chemical composition of LixNi1-xO thin films depend strongly on deposition oxygen pressure, temperature as well as substrate-target distance. The films produced at temperatures lower than 600 degrees C spontaneously absorb CO2 and H2O at their surface once they are exposed to the air. The films deposited at 600 degrees C proved to be stable in air over a long period. Even at room temperature the PLD films are denser and more stable than sputtered films. RES determined the composition of the best films to be Li0.5Ni0.5O deposited by PLD at 60 mTorr O-2 pressure. Electrochemical tests show that the films exhibit excellent reversibility in the range 1.0-3.4 V versus lithium. Electrochemical formatting which is used to develop electrochromism in other films is not needed for the stoichiometric films. The optical transmission range is almost 70% at 550 nm for 150 nm-thick films. Devices made from these films were analyzed using novel reference electrodes and by disassembling after cycling. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rubin, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mdrubin@lbl.gov NR 7 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD AUG PY 1998 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(97)00223-7 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 105EL UT WOS:000075059700007 ER PT J AU Moeck, M Lee, ES Rubin, MD Sullivan, RT Selkowitz, SE AF Moeck, M Lee, ES Rubin, MD Sullivan, RT Selkowitz, SE TI Visual quality assessment of electrochromic and conventional glazings SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bldg Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Moeck, M (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Architectural Engn, Marvin Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 3 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD AUG PY 1998 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(98)00066-X PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 105EL UT WOS:000075059700018 ER PT J AU Bechinger, C Gregg, BA AF Bechinger, C Gregg, BA TI Development of a new self-powered electrochromic device for light modulation without external power supply SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE electrochromism; photovoltaics ID WINDOWS AB Despite considerable improvements within the last decades, electrochromic (EC) window coatings are still too expensive to be applied in buildings on a large scale. Beside the manufacturing costs, wiring costs have to be added which may exceed the fabrication expenses of the electrochromic window. Therefore, self-powered electrochromic windows have been considered, where a semi-transparent photovoltaic (PV) cell provides the power to activate an electrochromic system deposited on top of the solar cell. The whole PVEC device consists of up to eight layers which must be deposited on large scales without short circuits or other failures. Recently, we came up with a much simpler idea where power generation and electrochromic properties are combined rather than just added as in the case of the PVEC cell. The whole device now is obtained by the deposition of only three layers and is highly transparent in the bleached state. Exposing it to sunlight and completing an external circuit the device can be colored within a few minutes, reducing the transmission by about 40%. Bleaching occurs either spontaneously by blocking the sunlight or is induced by a small rechargeable battery which can be incorporated in the external circuit and is charged from the device when exposed to sunlight. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany. RP Bechinger, C (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD AUG PY 1998 VL 54 IS 1-4 BP 405 EP 410 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(98)00092-0 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 105EL UT WOS:000075059700044 ER PT J AU Liu, P Zhang, JG Turner, JA Tracy, CE Benson, DK Bhattacharya, RN AF Liu, P Zhang, JG Turner, JA Tracy, CE Benson, DK Bhattacharya, RN TI Fabrication of LiV2O5 thin-film electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article DE lithiated vanadium oxide; PECVD; thin-film electrode; rechargeable lithium batteries AB LiV2O5 thin-film electrodes have been prepared for the first time by using the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique. A novel lithium precursor, lithium hexafluoroisopropoxide ((CF3)(2)CHOLi), has been synthesized to take advantage of its low sublimation temperature (similar to 50 degrees C). Vanadium oxytrichloride (VOCl3) is used as the vanadium precursor. These two precursors are introduced into the plasma chamber by using argon as the carrier gas. Hydrogen and oxygen gases are also introduced into the chamber to facilitate the reactions. The gas compositions in the chamber and other deposition conditions have been optimized to obtain LiV2O5 films. The structure and electrochemical properties of the films depend strongly on the substrate temperature and deposition power. The optimized substrate temperature and radiofrequency (RF) power are 250 degrees C and 50 W, respectively. The charge capacity of the film is approximately 300 mA/h/cm(3), with two plateaus at 3.5-3.6 V on the discharge profile. The films can be cycled reversibly in the range of 0 AuF6(solv-) +2O(2(g))) In situ generation of O2F(solv) (O-2((solv)+) + F-(solv(-)) --> O2F(solv)) with AgF2 or NiF2 in suspension in the aHF made basic with alkali fluoride gives AgF4- and NiF(6)(2-)salts. Low solubility of AAsF(6)(A = Cs, K) in aHF provides for the metathetical preparation of (O-2)(2)PdF6 solutions in aHF. Removal of aHF, even at -60 degrees C, results in some O-2 and F-2 loss, to a composition approaching (O-2)PdF5. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bartlett, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 54 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 27 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 15 BP 3829 EP 3834 DI 10.1021/ic971603n PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 105VL UT WOS:000075094200026 ER PT J AU Hagelberg, CR Cooper, DI Winter, CL Eichinger, WE AF Hagelberg, CR Cooper, DI Winter, CL Eichinger, WE TI Scale properties of microscale convection in the marine surface layer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WAVELET ANALYSIS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TRANSFORMS; TURBULENCE; THERMALS; FOREST; LIDAR AB We analyze the scale distribution of coherent water vapor structures in the marine atmospheric boundary layer as measured by a shipboard Raman lidar during the Combined Sensor Program (March 1996) using a two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform. Coherent structures in the lidar measured water vapor concentration field correspond to locations where covariance with the wavelet is a local extremum. Scales of the significant structures are identified using a filtered wavelet variance (detection density) derived from 24 "images" in a horizontal plane. A dominant radius of 14 m is identified using complimentary approaches to the analysis. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Hagelberg, CR (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS F665, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hagelberg@lanl.gov RI Hagelberg, Carl/E-9554-2014; Winter, C. Larrabee/D-3918-2013 OI Hagelberg, Carl/0000-0002-2073-3127; NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D14 BP 16897 EP 16907 DI 10.1029/98JD01344 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 104BK UT WOS:000074992200002 ER PT J AU Boucher, O Schwartz, SE Ackerman, TP Anderson, TL Bergstrom, B Bonnel, B Chylek, P Dahlback, A Fouquart, Y Fu, Q Halthore, RN Haywood, JM Iversen, T Kato, S Kinne, S Kirkevag, A Knapp, KR Lacis, A Laszlo, I Mishchenko, MI Nemesure, S Ramaswamy, V Roberts, DL Russell, P Schlesinger, ME Stephens, GL Wagener, R Wang, M Wong, J Yang, F AF Boucher, O Schwartz, SE Ackerman, TP Anderson, TL Bergstrom, B Bonnel, B Chylek, P Dahlback, A Fouquart, Y Fu, Q Halthore, RN Haywood, JM Iversen, T Kato, S Kinne, S Kirkevag, A Knapp, KR Lacis, A Laszlo, I Mishchenko, MI Nemesure, S Ramaswamy, V Roberts, DL Russell, P Schlesinger, ME Stephens, GL Wagener, R Wang, M Wong, J Yang, F TI Intercomparison of models representing direct shortwave radiative forcing by sulfate aerosols SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; SOLAR-RADIATION; CLIMATE MODELS; ATMOSPHERES; ABSORPTION; PARAMETERIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; EXTINCTION; ALGORITHMS AB The importance of aerosols as agents of climate change has recently been highlighted. However, the magnitude of aerosol forcing by scattering of shortwave radiation (direct forcing) is still very uncertain even for the relatively well characterized sulfate aerosol. A potential source of uncertainty is in the model representation of aerosol optical properties and aerosol influences on radiative transfer in the atmosphere. Although radiative transfer methods and codes have been compared in the past, these comparisons have not focused on aerosol forcing (change in net radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere). Here we report results of a project involving 12 groups using 15 models to examine radiative forcing by sulfate aerosol for a wide range of values of particle radius, aerosol optical depth, surface albedo, and solar zenith angle. Among the models that were employed were high and low spectral resolution models incorporating a variety of radiative transfer approximations as well as a line-by-line model. The normalized forcings (forcing per sulfate column burden) obtained with the several radiative transfer models were examined, and the discrepancies were characterized. All models simulate forcings of comparable amplitude and exhibit a similar dependence on input parameters. As expected for a non-light-absorbing aerosol, forcings were negative (cooling influence) except at high surface albedo combined with small solar zenith angle. The relative standard deviation of the zenith-angle-averaged normalized broadband forcing for 15 models was 8% for particle radius near the maximum in this forcing (similar to 0.2 mu m) and at low surface albedo. Somewhat greater model-to-model discrepancies were exhibited at specific solar zenith angles. Still greater discrepancies were exhibited at small particle radii, and much greater discrepancies were exhibited at high surface albedos, at which the forcing changes sign; in these situations, however, the normalized forcing is quite small. Discrepancies among the models arise from inaccuracies in Mie calculations, differing treatment of the angular scattering phase function, differing wavelength and angular resolution, and differing treatment of multiple scattering. These results imply the need for standardized radiative transfer methods tailored to the direct aerosol forcing problem. However, the relatively small spread in these results suggests that the uncertainty in forcing arising from the treatment of radiative forcing of a well-characterized aerosol at well-specified surface albedo is smaller than some of the other sources of uncertainty in estimates of direct forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols and anthropogenic aerosols generally. C1 Univ Lille 1, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Ecole Normale Super, CNRS, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys, Atmospher Sci Program, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. Meteorol Off, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Bracknell RG12 2SY, Berks, England. Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Geophys, N-0315 Oslo, Norway. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Analyt Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Boucher, O (reprint author), Univ Lille 1, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. EM boucher@loa.univ-lille1.fr; ses@bnl.gov; ackerman@essc.psu.edu; tadand@atmos.washington.edu; bergstro@sky.arc.nasa.gov; bonnel@loa.univ.lille1.fr; chylek@atm.dal.ca; arne.dahlback@fys.uio.no; fouquart@loa.univ-lille1.fr; qfu@atm.dal.ca; halthore@bnl.gov; jmhaywood@meto.gov.uk; trond.iversen@geofysikk.uio.no; kato@aerosol.larc.nasa.gov; kinne@spamer.gsfc.nasa.gov; alf.kirkevag@geofysikk.uio.no; knapp@cira.colostate.edu; alacis@giss.nasa.gov; laszlo@atmos.umd.edu; mmishchenko@giss.nasa.gov; nemesure@bnl.gov; vr@gfdl.gov; dlroberts@meto.gov.uk; prussell@mail.arc.nasa.gov; schlesin@atmos.uiuc.edu; stephens@langley.atmos.colostate.edu; wagener@bnl.gov; muyin@atm.dal.ca; jwong@atm.dal.ca; fanglin@atmos.uiuc.edu RI Wagener, Richard/B-5445-2008; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011; Lacis, Andrew/D-4658-2012; Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014; Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012 OI Wagener, Richard/0000-0003-3892-1182; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; NR 66 TC 102 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D14 BP 16979 EP 16998 DI 10.1029/98JD00997 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 104BK UT WOS:000074992200008 ER PT J AU He, YD Price, PB AF He, YD Price, PB TI Remote sensing of dust in deep ice at the South Pole SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIR-HYDRATE CRYSTALS; ANTARCTIC ICE; CLIMATIC IMPLICATIONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BLACK CARBON; CORE; VOSTOK; SNOW; AEROSOL; RECORD AB A three-dimensional array of phototubes in deep ice at the South Pole called the Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) is recording Cherenkov light pulses that serve as tracers of high-energy neutrinos from throughout the Universe. The performance of this neutrino observatory will ultimately be constrained by the optical properties of the ice at near-ultraviolet and visible wavelengths. At depths greater than similar to 1.4 km, air bubbles are absent and light travels great;distances, limited only by absorption and scattering by dust in the ice. In this paper, the Mie theory is used to predict the magnitude and wavelength dependence of the scattering and absorption coefficients and mean cosine of the scattering angle for deep South Pole ice. The results depend on the composition, size distribution, and depth profile of insoluble mineral grains, sea salt grains, liquid acid droplets, and soot particles. With most probable values for mineral grains, sea salt, acid, and soot, we fit optical data in the wavelength interval of 300-500 nm for depths of 1.6-1.83 km, taken with pulsed laser beams as light sources and with AMANDA phototubes as receivers. Our work provides quantitative evidence that aerosols deposited in snow and compacted into the ice account for the optical properties at wavelengths similar to 300-500 nm. We finally predict optical properties of the South Pole ice at 2.5 km, a depth future AMANDA strings may reach. We expect that at 2.5 km the effective scattering, which is predominantly due to acid droplets, decreases by a factor of similar to 1 5 relative to that at 1.7 km and that absorption, which is predominantly due to the mineral and soot, decreases by a factor of similar to 3-5 relative to that at 1.7 km. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP He, YD (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 27 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D14 BP 17041 EP 17056 DI 10.1029/98JD01643 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 104BK UT WOS:000074992200012 ER PT J AU Requardt, H Lorenzo, JE Currat, R Monceau, P Hennion, B Berger, H Levy, F AF Requardt, H Lorenzo, JE Currat, R Monceau, P Hennion, B Berger, H Levy, F TI Structural study of the charge-density-wave modulation of isoelectronically doped (Ta1-xNbxSe4)(2)I (0.1%< x < 1.2%) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONDUCTORS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; PEIERLS TRANSITION; BLUE BRONZE; NBSE3; (TASE4)(2)I; IMPURITY AB We present a neutron and x-ray diffraction study of the charge-density-wave modulation wave vector of (TaSe4)(2)I with isoelectronic Nb doping. In contrast to other charge-density-wave materials, like NbSe3 and K0.3MoO3, Nb-doped (TaSe4)(2)I reveals a change of the modulation wave vector with doping. This change corresponds to a shift of the satellite position towards the Brillouin-zone centre on a nominal doping level of 0.8% Nb being exceeded. On a 1.2% level of Nb doping being reached, strong satellite broadening is observed, indicating the onset of short-range charge-density-wave correlation. A recently derived phenomenological model of the phase transition in (TaSe4)(2)I, which accounts for changes in the modulation wave vector upon doping, is briefly discussed. C1 CNRS, Ctr Rech Tres Basses Temp, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Ctr Etud Saclay, Lab Leon Brillouin, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Phys Appl, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Requardt, H (reprint author), CNRS, Ctr Rech Tres Basses Temp, F-38042 Grenoble, France. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 27 PY 1998 VL 10 IS 29 BP 6505 EP 6514 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/10/29/010 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 107CP UT WOS:000075189200010 ER PT J AU Carena, M Quiros, M Wagner, CEM AF Carena, M Quiros, M Wagner, CEM TI Electroweak baryogenesis and Higgs and stop searches at LEP and the Tevatron SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; PHASE-TRANSITION; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; BARYON ASYMMETRY; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; 2-LOOP CORRECTIONS; DECAY B->S-GAMMA; LEADING ORDER; BOSON MASSES; CP-VIOLATION AB It has been recently shown that the observed baryon number may originate at the electroweak phase transition, provided that the Higgs boson and the lightest stop are sufficiently light, In this work, we perform a detailed analysis, including all dominant two-loop finite-temperature corrections to the Higgs effective potential, as well as the non-trivial effects proceeding from the mixing in the stop sector, to define the region of parameter space for which electroweak baryogenesis can happen. The limits on the stop and Higgs masses are obtained by taking into account the experimental bounds on these quantities, as well as those coming from the requirement of avoiding dangerous color breaking minima.We find for the Higgs mass m(h) less than or similar to 105 GeV, while the stop mass may be close to the present experimental bound and must be smaller than, or of the order of, the top quark mass. These results provide a very strong motivation for further non-perturbative analysis of the electroweak phase transition, as well as for the search for Higgs and stop particles at the LEP and Tevatron colliders. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CERN, Div TH, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CSIC, Inst Estructura Mat, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP CERN, Div TH, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 78 TC 190 Z9 190 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JUL 27 PY 1998 VL 524 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 22 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(98)00187-4 PG 20 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 102CH UT WOS:000074905300001 ER PT J AU Grzywacz, R Beraud, R Borcea, C Emsallem, A Glogowski, M Grawe, H Guillemaud-Mueller, D Hjorth-Jensen, M Houry, M Lewitowicz, M Mueller, AC Nowak, A Plochocki, A Pfutzner, M Rykaczewski, K Saint-Laurent, MG Sauvestre, JE Schaefer, M Sorlin, O Szerypo, J Trinder, W Viteritti, S Winfield, J AF Grzywacz, R Beraud, R Borcea, C Emsallem, A Glogowski, M Grawe, H Guillemaud-Mueller, D Hjorth-Jensen, M Houry, M Lewitowicz, M Mueller, AC Nowak, A Plochocki, A Pfutzner, M Rykaczewski, K Saint-Laurent, MG Sauvestre, JE Schaefer, M Sorlin, O Szerypo, J Trinder, W Viteritti, S Winfield, J TI New island of mu s isomers in neutron-rich nuclei around the Z = 28 and N = 40 shell closures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID STABILITY; ISOTOPES; BEAM AB New isomeric states in the neutron-rich nuclei near the Z = 28 and N = 40 shell closures have been identified among the reaction products of a 60.3A MeV (86)Kr beam on a (nat)Ni target. From the measured isomeric decay properties information about the excited states and their nuclear structure has been obtained. The isomerism is related mostly to the occupation of the neutron g(9/2) orbital, an intruder level in the N = 3 fp shell. It is illustrated with the decay properties of (69)Ni(m), (70)Ni(m), and (71)Cu(m) interpreted within the nuclear shell model. [S0031-9007(98)06719-2]. C1 Univ Warsaw, IFD, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. GANIL, F-14021 Caen, France. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Inst Phys Nucl, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. IAP, Bucharest, Romania. GSI Darmstadt, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. Inst Phys Nucl, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91406 Orsay, France. NORDITA, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. IKS, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Ctr Etud Bruyeres Le Chatel, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Univ Gottingen, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. RP Grzywacz, R (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, IFD, Hoza 69, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RI Hjorth-Jensen, Morten/B-1417-2008; sauvestre, jean-etienne/C-8819-2009; Houry, Michael/G-8021-2011 NR 20 TC 179 Z9 179 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 27 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 766 EP 769 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.766 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 105CP UT WOS:000075055100008 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, L Phair, L Moretto, LG Wozniak, GJ AF Beaulieu, L Phair, L Moretto, LG Wozniak, GJ TI Z-dependent barriers in multifragmentation from Poissonian reducibility and thermal scaling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; TIME-SCALES; NUCLEI; DECAY AB We explore the natural limit of binomial reducibility in nuclear multifragmentation by constructing excitation functions for intermediate mass fragments of a given element Z. The resulting multiplicity distributions for each window of transverse energy are Poissonian. Thermal scaling is observed in the linear Arrhenius plots made from the average multiplicity of each element. "Emission barriers" are extracted from the slopes of the Arrhenius plots and their possible origin is discussed, [S0031-9007(98)06677-0]. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Beaulieu, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Beaulieu, Luc/A-6803-2009 OI Beaulieu, Luc/0000-0003-0429-6366 NR 17 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 27 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 770 EP 773 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.770 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 105CP UT WOS:000075055100009 ER PT J AU Nguyen, DC Sheffield, RL Fortgang, CM Goldstein, JC Kinross-Wright, JM Ebrahim, NA AF Nguyen, DC Sheffield, RL Fortgang, CM Goldstein, JC Kinross-Wright, JM Ebrahim, NA TI Self-amplified spontaneous emission driven by a high-brightness electron beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASER; RADIATION; WIGGLER AB We report the first high-gain self-amplified spontaneous emission experiment at 15 mu m driven by a high-brightness 17-MeV electron beam. A change of two decades in the beam current yields an increase of four decades in the measured infrared power. By fitting the measured infrared pulse energy to an analytic model, we estimate that eight power gain lengths, corresponding to a gain of 300, exist in the wiggler at 279 A. [S0031-9007(98)06692-7]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nguyen, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop H851, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 27 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 810 EP 813 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.810 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 105CP UT WOS:000075055100019 ER PT J AU More, R Kato, T AF More, R Kato, T TI Near-LTE linear response calculations with a collisional-radiative model for He-like Al ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASMAS; IONIZATION; DENSITY; FIELD AB This paper establishes a connection between atomic kinetics and nonequilibrium thermodynamics, using a collisional-radiative model modified to include line absorption. Steady-state emission is calculated for He-like aluminum immersed in a specified radiation field having fixed deviations from a Planck spectrum. The calculated net emission is presented as a NLTE response matrix. In agreement with a rigorous general rule of nonequilibrium thermodynamics, the linear response is symmetric. We compute the response matrix for 1% and +/-50% changes in the photon temperature and find linear response over a surprisingly large range. [S0031-9007(98)06749-0]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 50952, Japan. RP More, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 27 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 814 EP 817 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.814 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 105CP UT WOS:000075055100020 ER PT J AU Wharton, KB Hatchett, SP Wilks, SC Key, MH Moody, JD Yanovsky, V Offenberger, AA Hammel, BA Perry, MD Joshi, C AF Wharton, KB Hatchett, SP Wilks, SC Key, MH Moody, JD Yanovsky, V Offenberger, AA Hammel, BA Perry, MD Joshi, C TI Experimental measurements of hot electrons generated by ultraintense (> 10(19) W/cm(2)) laser-plasma interactions on solid-density targets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; RESONANT ABSORPTION; HIGH-CONTRAST; PULSES; ACCELERATION AB We present the first in-target measurements of the electrons produced by an ultraintense (I > 10(19) W/cm(2)) laser pulse incident on a massive solid target. Total conversion efficiency, mean electron energy, and electron cone-angle measurements are presented. A relationship between the target material and the mean electron energy is also discussed. [S0031-9007(98)06709-X]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Elect Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. RP Wharton, KB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Yanovsky, Victor/B-5899-2008 NR 31 TC 242 Z9 252 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 27 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 822 EP 825 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.822 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 105CP UT WOS:000075055100022 ER PT J AU Harrison, N Hall, DW Goodrich, RG Vuillemin, JJ Fisk, Z AF Harrison, N Hall, DW Goodrich, RG Vuillemin, JJ Fisk, Z TI Quantum interference in the spin-polarized heavy fermion compound CeB6: Evidence for topological deformation of the Fermi surface in strong magnetic fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CYCLOTRON MASS; ANDERSON LATTICE; VANALPHEN; DEPENDENCE AB We report susceptibility experiments in magnetic fields up to 60 T and show conclusively that the de Haas-van Alphen oscillations originate from a single spin Fermi surface. New observed frequencies present in magnetic breakdown and quantum interference oscillations indicate that the Fermi-surface topology changes as a function of the applied field while maintaining a constant volume. These results are not expected from the Anderson lattice model. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Harrison, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, MS-E536, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 22 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 27 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 870 EP 873 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.870 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 105CP UT WOS:000075055100034 ER PT J AU Gweon, GH Denlinger, JD Clack, JA Allen, JW Olson, CG DiMasi, E Aronson, MC Foran, B Lee, S AF Gweon, GH Denlinger, JD Clack, JA Allen, JW Olson, CG DiMasi, E Aronson, MC Foran, B Lee, S TI Direct observation of complete Fermi surface, imperfect nesting, and gap anisotropy in the high-temperature incommensurate charge-density-wave compound SmTe3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We have carried out angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy of SmTe3, a quasi-two-dimensional material with an incommensurate high-temperature charge density wave (CDW). This is the first direct experimental view of the full detail of an imperfectly nested Fermi surface, and the momentum space gap anisotropy, for an incommensurate CDW. C1 Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Michigan, Dow Chem Co, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gweon, GH (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Randall Lab Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 15 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 27 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 886 EP 889 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.886 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 105CP UT WOS:000075055100038 ER PT J AU Koshelev, AE Bulaevskii, LN Maley, MP AF Koshelev, AE Bulaevskii, LN Maley, MP TI Josephson plasma resonance as a structural probe of vortex liquid SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS; COUPLED SUPERCONDUCTORS; STATE; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; OSCILLATIONS; VORTICES; DENSITY; PHASE AB Recent developments of the Josephson plasma resonance and transport c-axis measurements in layered high T-c superconductors allow one to probe Josephson coupling in a wide range of the vortex phase diagram. We derive a relation between the field dependent Josephson coupling energy and the density correlation function of the vortex liquid. This relation provides a unique opportunity to extract the density correlation function of pancake vortices from the dependence of the plasma resonance on the ab component of the magnetic field at a fixed c-axis component. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Koshelev, AE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 27 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 4 BP 902 EP 905 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.902 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 105CP UT WOS:000075055100042 ER PT J AU Al-Adwani, HA Thammchote, N Gardner, TJ Anthony, RG AF Al-Adwani, HA Thammchote, N Gardner, TJ Anthony, RG TI Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic activity of sulfided silico-alumino-titanate (Si-Al-Ti) mixed oxides xerogels supported Ni-Mo catalyst SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article ID HYDROTREATING CATALYSTS; MOLYBDENA CATALYSTS; COAL-LIQUEFACTION; TYPE-2 TITANATE; HYDRODESULFURIZATION; ACIDITY; PHASE; ISOMERIZATION; HYDROGENATION; SIO2-AL2O3 AB Layered semicrystalline silico-alumino-titanate (Si-Al-Ti) mixed oxides were synthesized by a modified sol-gel method with hydrothermal synthesis temperatures less than 200 degrees C and autogenic pressure. The solid products are semicrystalline materials with a surface area of 136-367 m(2)/g and a monomodal pore size distribution with an average pore diameter of 36-47 Angstrom. The catalytic activity for pyrene hydrogenation in a batch reactor at 300 degrees C and 500 psig was determined for sulfided Ni-Mo supported on the Si-Al-Ti mixed oxide. The activity was a function of the support composition, the heat treatment before and after loading the active metals, the addition of organic templates, and different methods of metal loading. The most active sulfided Ni-Mo/Si-Al-Ti catalyst has an activity in the same range as the commercial catalyst, Shell 324, but the metal loading is 37% less than the commercial catalyst. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Kinet Catalysis & React Engn Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Kinet Catalysis & React Engn Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM RGA5094@Chennov1.tamu.edu NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 EI 1090-2694 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD JUL 25 PY 1998 VL 177 IS 2 BP 273 EP 283 DI 10.1006/jcat.1998.2116 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 104VA UT WOS:000075035500013 ER PT J AU Khodakov, A Yang, J Su, S Iglesia, E Bell, AT AF Khodakov, A Yang, J Su, S Iglesia, E Bell, AT TI Structure and properties of vanadium oxide zirconia catalysts for propane oxidative dehydrogenation SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article ID LASER RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; ACTIVE LAYER; MOLYBDENUM; CLUSTERS; ALKANES; OXYGEN; AMMOXIDATION; REFLECTANCE; MOLECULES AB The structure of vanadia species supported on zirconia depends on VOx surface density and on the temperature of catalyst oxidation pretreatments. X-ray diffraction and Raman and UV-visible spectroscopies show that supported VOx species form polyvanadate domains of increasing size and ultimately monolayers and clusters as vanadiun surface density increases. Initial propene selectivities in oxidative dehydrogenation of propane at 606 K increase with increasing VOx surface density and reach constant values of 80% at surface densities of about 2-3 VOx/nm(2). High selectivities to COx products at low surface densities and on bulk ZrV2O7 appear to be associated with exposed unselective V-O-Zr and Zr-O-Zr sites. Propane oxidative dehydrogenation rates increase initially as the size of polyvanadate domains increases with increasing VOx surface density. Oxidative dehydrogenation rates decreases eventually as the formation of V2O5 clusters at high surface densities leads to a decrease in the fraction of VOx exposed at cluster surfaces. The ratio of rate constants for propane oxidative dehydrogenation and propene combustion to COx remains constant throughout the entire range of VOx surface density (0.4-100 VOx/nm(2)), suggesting that primary oxidative dehydrogenation steps and secondary oxidation reactions of desired propene products require identical polyvanadate structures. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bell, AT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Khodakov, Andrei/I-3379-2014; Iglesia, Enrique/D-9551-2017; OI Khodakov, Andrei/0000-0003-4599-3969; Iglesia, Enrique/0000-0003-4109-1001; Bell, Alexis/0000-0002-5738-4645 NR 48 TC 215 Z9 217 U1 8 U2 56 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD JUL 25 PY 1998 VL 177 IS 2 BP 343 EP 351 DI 10.1006/jcat.1998.2143 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 104VA UT WOS:000075035500020 ER PT J AU Hong, SI Hill, MA AF Hong, SI Hill, MA TI Microstructural stability and mechanical response of Cu-Ag microcomposite wires SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID INSITU COMPOSITES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DEFORMATION; STRENGTH; ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; MAGNETS AB A transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to study the microstructural and mechanical stability of Cu-24 wt% Ag microcomposites in both the as-drawn and heat-treated condition. Three phase morphologies were observed in the heavily drawn Cu-24 wt%. Ag wires: fine silver filaments, thick silver lamellae, and copper-rich alpha phase. The microstructure of the C-I-Ag microcomposite was observed on a much Finer scale than that reported by previous investigators. The stress-strain responses and fracture behavior of Cu-Ag microcomposite wires were also examined and correlated with the microstructural change caused by thermomechanical treatments. The ratios of yield stresses (0.86) and ultimate tensile strengths (0.83) at 295 and 77 K were quite close to the ratio of Young's moduli (0.85), suggesting that the strengthening mechanism is predominantly controlled by long-range athermal obstacles. A modified rule of mixtures was used to predict the strength of the Cu-24 wt% Ag microcomposites. The strength of each of the three regions observed by TEM was evaluated or estimated based on the available data. The predictions of the model were in good agreement with experimental data. (C) 1998 Acta Metallurgica Inc. C1 Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Met Engn, Taejon 305764, South Korea. Chungnam Natl Univ, RASOM, Taejon 305764, South Korea. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hong, SI (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Met Engn, Taejon 305764, South Korea. NR 40 TC 137 Z9 181 U1 3 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL 24 PY 1998 VL 46 IS 12 BP 4111 EP 4122 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00106-2 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 107NP UT WOS:000075215600003 ER PT J AU Sanders, PG Eastman, JA Weertman, JR AF Sanders, PG Eastman, JA Weertman, JR TI Pore distributions in nanocrystalline metals from small-angle neutron scattering SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; PD AB Recent upgrades in inert-gas condensation processing equipment have produced nanocrystalline metal samples with high densities and low-impurity levels. Typical Cu and Pd samples have densities greater than or equal to 98% of theoretical and oxygen and hydrogen impurity concentrations less than or equal to 0.5 at.%. Lower porosity and impurity levels may make it difficult to produce and maintain samples with the smallest nanocrystalline grain sizes. These improved samples were studied by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to determine the volume fraction and size distribution of pores. Excellent correlation was obtained between the total volume fraction of pores and the Archimedes density for Pd, signifying that most of the pores were relatively small and in the detectability range of SANS (approximate to 1-100 nm). Nanocrystalline Cu is shown to exhibit a wider pore size distribution. For Pd, the average pore sizes were slightly smaller than the average grain size, while for Cu the pore size and grain size were about the same. Both materials exhibited a trend of increasing pore size with increasing grain size. In terms of processing prerequisites, the principal condition for the production of high-density nanocrystalline Cu is an exceptionally clean synthesis environment, while nanocrystalline Pd requires compaction at elevated temperatures. These differences are the result of Cu having both a lower melting point and a greater susceptibility to contamination by gaseous impurities such as oxygen. (C) 1998 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Weertman, JR (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Weertman, Julia/B-7540-2009; Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; OI Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265 NR 25 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL 24 PY 1998 VL 46 IS 12 BP 4195 EP 4202 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00114-1 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 107NP UT WOS:000075215600012 ER PT J AU Han, HN Gilmore, DL Derby, B AF Han, HN Gilmore, DL Derby, B TI A finite element model for consolidation of vacuum plasma spray-formed metal matrix composites SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID POROUS METALS; ISOLATED CONTACTS; PLASTICITY THEORY; FIBER FRACTURE; ALLOY; COMPACTION; MONOTAPE; BEHAVIOR AB Monotapes consisting of Ti-6Al-4V vacuum plasma-sprayed onto SiC fibres were consolidated by uniaxial vacuum hot pressing. This consolidation process was modelled by computational analysis of a representative unit cell. To describe the initial deformation and densification behaviour of the monotape surface asperities, a yield criterion was derived using a continuum mechanics approach for porous metals and a contact mechanics approach for rough surfaces. Yield criteria for porous metals were applied to the subsequent consolidation of the surface and the remaining matrix. Mechanism-based constitutive equations which consider work hardening, strain rate and grain growth effects were used to describe the high-temperature deformation behaviour of the matrix. The density distributions in the monotape unit cell were calculated and compared with experimental data. Consolidation maps, which may be used to select appropriate processing parameters, were constructed from the finite element analysis. The effect of fibre spacing on consolidation is also predicted. (C) 1998 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Mat, Oxford Ctr Adv Mat & Composites, Oxford OX1 3PH, England. RP Gilmore, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat & Proc Sci Ctr, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Derby, Brian/E-3529-2010; Han, Heung Nam/D-6461-2013; Han, Heung Nam/I-7675-2016 OI Derby, Brian/0000-0001-5753-0166; Han, Heung Nam/0000-0001-5271-9023; NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL 24 PY 1998 VL 46 IS 12 BP 4339 EP 4350 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 107NP UT WOS:000075215600023 ER PT J AU Radhakrishnan, B Sarma, GB Zacharia, T AF Radhakrishnan, B Sarma, GB Zacharia, T TI Modeling the kinetics and microstructural evolution during static recrystallization - Monte Carlo simulation of recrystallization SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE FCC METALS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ROLLING TEXTURES; GRAIN-GROWTH; NUCLEATION; ALUMINUM; DEFORMATION; MECHANISMS; RECOVERY; ORIGIN AB The kinetics of microstructure and texture evolution during static recrystallization of a cold-rolled and annealed f.c.c. material is simulated by coupling a finite element model of microstructural deformation with a Monte Carlo simulation of recrystallization. The salient features of the simulations include a nucleation model for recrystallization based on subgrain growth and the modeling of simultaneous recovery during recrystallization. The simulation results quantify the effects of non-uniform stored energy distribution and orientation gradients present in the cold-worked microstructure on recovery by subgrain growth, and hence on the spatial distribution of nuclei and their orientations. The growth of these recrystallized nuclei in the presence of continued recovery of the substructure has been simulated for initial cold-work levels of epsilon = 0.7 and 1.1 obtained by plane strain compression. The simulations are shown to be potentially capable of capturing the formation and evolution of cube texture commonly observed in cold-rolled and annealed f.c.c. materials. (C) 1998 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. Ali rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Modeling & Simulat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Radhakrishnan, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Modeling & Simulat Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Zacharia, Thomas/0000-0001-6463-5425 NR 41 TC 106 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL 24 PY 1998 VL 46 IS 12 BP 4415 EP 4433 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00077-9 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 107NP UT WOS:000075215600030 ER PT J AU Zhorin, VV Liu, GK AF Zhorin, VV Liu, GK TI Modelling crystal-field interaction for f-elements in LaCl3 SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on f Elements (ICFE-3) CY SEP 14-18, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP ERES, Ctr Natl Rech Sci (CNRS), French Minist Educ, French Minist Foreign Affairs, French Atom Agency (CEA), French Chem Soc (Solid Sate Chem Div), UNESCO, Rhone-Poulenc, Spectra Phys France, Jacomex & Alfa-Chimie DE crystal field; rare-earth ions; actinide ions; spectroscopy; lanthanum trichloride ID QUADRUPOLE AB The results of crystal field calculations in the framework of exchange charge model (ECM) are reported for trivalent lanthanide and actinide ions doped into LaCl3. Whereas the scalar strength of the model crystal field parameters is consistent with that previously determined by fitting the experimental data, the sign of the second-order parameter is found to be negative, in contrast to previous reports. The contribution from long-range electrostatic interactions exceeds that from the nearest neighboring ligands and leads to the negative sign of the second-order crystal field parameter. Other interaction mechanisms including overlap, covalency, and charge exchange are less important to the second order parameter, but dominate the fourth- and sixth-order parameters. This work provides a consistent interpretation of the previously controversial experimental results for both lanthanide and actinide ions in this classical host. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Liu, GK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Zhorin, Victor/0000-0001-9777-4421 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUL 24 PY 1998 VL 275 BP 137 EP 141 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00291-6 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 114PK UT WOS:000075617700032 ER PT J AU Delin, A Fast, L Eriksson, O Johansson, B AF Delin, A Fast, L Eriksson, O Johansson, B TI Effect of generalized gradient corrections on lanthanide cohesive properties SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on f Elements (ICFE-3) CY SEP 14-18, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP ERES, Ctr Natl Rech Sci (CNRS), French Minist Educ, French Minist Foreign Affairs, French Atom Agency (CEA), French Chem Soc (Solid Sate Chem Div), UNESCO, Rhone-Poulenc, Spectra Phys France, Jacomex & Alfa-Chimie DE lanthanides; cohesive properties; density functional calculation; generalized gradient approximation ID RARE-EARTH-METALS; TRANSITION-METALS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BRILLOUIN-ZONE; SPECIAL POINTS; APPROXIMATION; ENERGY; ELECTRON; SYSTEMS; SOLIDS AB We have calculated ab initio, using a full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital method, the equilibrium volumes, the bulk moduli, and the generalized cohesive energies for the entire lanthanide series and barium. Two different approximations to the density functional (DF) were compared: the local (spin) density approximation in the Hedin-Lundqvist parameterization (LDA) and the recently developed Perdew-Wang generalized gradient corrected functional, called the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). We find that GGA corrects most of the overbonding tendency of LDA. An interesting consequence of this is that, for the early lanthanides, the LDA results appear to agree better with experimental results than do the GGA results. In this case, we conclude that the 4f states probably have a significant impact on the equilibrium volumes of the early lanthanides. Both for the bulk moduli and for the generalized cohesive energies, we find that GGA generally, in comparison to LDA, gives results in closer agreement with experiment over the entire lanthanide series. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Delin, A (reprint author), Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys, POB 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. EM anna.delin@fysik.uu.se RI Eriksson, Olle/E-3265-2014; Delin, Anna/P-2100-2014 OI Eriksson, Olle/0000-0001-5111-1374; Delin, Anna/0000-0001-7788-6127 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 EI 1873-4669 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUL 24 PY 1998 VL 275 BP 472 EP 475 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00374-0 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 114PK UT WOS:000075617700104 ER PT J AU Gibson, JK AF Gibson, JK TI Gas-phase reactions of laser-ablated f element ions with cyclic hydrocarbons: examining ion ablation and reaction mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on f Elements (ICFE-3) CY SEP 14-18, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP ERES, Ctr Natl Rech Sci (CNRS), French Minist Educ, French Minist Foreign Affairs, French Atom Agency (CEA), French Chem Soc (Solid Sate Chem Div), UNESCO, Rhone-Poulenc, Spectra Phys France, Jacomex & Alfa-Chimie DE time-of-flight mass spectrometry; Ln(+); laser ablation; target composition ID STATE-SPECIFIC REACTIONS; NEGATIVE-IONS; M-BENZYNE; CLUSTERS; METAL; OXIDE; CHEMISTRY; COMPLEXES; BEAM; SC+ AB Time-of-flight mass spectrometry is employed to study reactions such as: Ln(+)+c-C6H10-->Ln(+)-C6H6+2H(2). Discrepant reactivities of various Ln(+) parallel the energy needed to excite the Ln(+) to a divalent electronic configuration. Metal ions produced by laser ablation may possess substantial kinetic and internal energies which can alter reactivities; we report here on experiments which illuminate formation and reactions of ablated Ln(+). Effects of target composition on reactivities of a particular lanthanide were studied for compounds ablated sequentially, or simultaneously employing isotopically enriched (A)Ln(2)O(3). Differing reactivities of Ho+ from three compounds, and of Nd+ from (Nd2O3)-Nd-142 and Nd2Te3 may indicate a role of excited Ln(+)*. Yields of Ln(+) (Ln=Nd or Gd) simultaneously ablated from LnB(6) and (A)Ln(2)O(3) were widely disparate, with most Ln(+) derived from the oxide, suggesting electron transfer processes such as Ln*+ O*-->Ln(+)+O-. Speciation in the initial stage of ablation, prior to isotopic mixing, was indicated by the predominance of (NdO+)-Nd-142 from (Nd2O3)-Nd-142-Nd2Te3. The reaction, Ln(+)+benzene, was studied with deuterated benzenes. Benzyne complexes from benzene-1,3,5-d(3) were d-enriched, reflecting the kinetic isotope effect (KIE); also, H-2-loss indicated elimination from non-adjacent sites or H-D scrambling. Comparative condensation and dehydrogenation yields from C6H6 and C6D6 are explained by energy dissipation into vibrational modes which favors Ln(+)-C6D6, and the KIE which favors Ln(+)-C6H4. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gibson, JK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUL 24 PY 1998 VL 275 BP 759 EP 764 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00435-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 114PK UT WOS:000075617700163 ER PT J AU Antonio, MR Soderholm, L Jennings, G Francesconi, LC Dankova, M Bartis, J AF Antonio, MR Soderholm, L Jennings, G Francesconi, LC Dankova, M Bartis, J TI Coordination and valence of europium in [Eu(alpha-2-As2W17O61)(2)](17-) and [Eu(W5O18)(2)](9-) SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on f Elements (ICFE-3) CY SEP 14-18, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP ERES, Ctr Natl Rech Sci (CNRS), French Minist Educ, French Minist Foreign Affairs, French Atom Agency (CEA), French Chem Soc (Solid Sate Chem Div), UNESCO, Rhone-Poulenc, Spectra Phys France, Jacomex & Alfa-Chimie DE europium; L-3 edge; X-ray absorption fine structure; spectroelectrochemistry; valency; polyoxometalate; heteropolyanion ID POLYOXOMETALATE OXIDATION CATALYSTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; = MN3+; LANTHANIDE; TUNGSTOPHOSPHATES; ANION; W-183; HETEROPOLYTUNGSTATES; LUMINESCENCE; COMPLEXES AB Europium L-3 edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroelectrochemistry was used to determine the valence of europium in [Eu(alpha-2-As2W17O61)(2)](17-) and [Eu(W5O18)(2)](9-). Dilute solutions of these anions in aqueous supporting electrolytes were examined at ambient temperature and at extreme potentials. In situ XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) data revealed that Eu is trivalent in both [Eu(alpha-2-As2W17O61)(2)](17-) and [Eu(W5O18)(2)](9-) at rest potential. Furthermore, it was not reduced to Eu2+ by constant-potential bulk electrolysis at significantly reducing potentials under the electrochemical conditions used herein. These results stand in obvious contrast to the redox behavior of [EuP5W30O110](12-), in which Eu3+ is reduced to Eu2+ under similar electrochemical conditions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Antonio, MR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Antonio, Mark/0000-0002-1208-4534 NR 37 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD JUL 24 PY 1998 VL 275 BP 827 EP 830 DI 10.1016/S0925-8388(98)00450-2 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 114PK UT WOS:000075617700179 ER PT J AU Williams, RV Edwards, WD Gadgil, VR Colvin, ME Seidl, ET van der Helm, D Hossain, MB AF Williams, RV Edwards, WD Gadgil, VR Colvin, ME Seidl, ET van der Helm, D Hossain, MB TI Pyramidalized olefins: Ab initio study and X-ray structure determination of bicyclo[2.2.2]octadienes SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ALDER CYCLO-ADDITIONS; DOUBLE-BOND GEOMETRY; ELECTRONIC CONTROL; SYN-SESQUINORBORNENE; ANTI-SESQUINORBORNENE; STEREOSELECTIVITY; ALKENES; CYCLOPENTADIENE; DERIVATIVES; NORBORNENE C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Computat Biochem Grp, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Distributed Comp Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Dept Chem, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Williams, RV (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Chem, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUL 24 PY 1998 VL 63 IS 15 BP 5268 EP 5271 DI 10.1021/jo9803737 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 108JQ UT WOS:000075263100060 ER PT J AU Gray, NS Wodicka, L Thunnissen, AMWH Norman, TC Kwon, SJ Espinoza, FH Morgan, DO Barnes, G LeClerc, S Meijer, L Kim, SH Lockhart, DJ Schultz, PG AF Gray, NS Wodicka, L Thunnissen, AMWH Norman, TC Kwon, SJ Espinoza, FH Morgan, DO Barnes, G LeClerc, S Meijer, L Kim, SH Lockhart, DJ Schultz, PG TI Exploiting chemical libraries, structure, and genomics in the search for kinase inhibitors SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES; CELL-CYCLE; GENE-EXPRESSION; YEAST; TRANSCRIPTION; PROTEIN; ANALOGS AB Selective protein kinase inhibitors were developed on the basis of the unexpected binding mode of 2,6,9-trisubstituted purines to the adenosine triphosphate- binding site of the human cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). By iterating chemical Library synthesis and biological screening, potent inhibitors of the human CDK2-cyclin A kinase complex and of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc28p were identified. The structural basis for the binding affinity and selectivity was determined by analysis of a three-dimensional crystal structure of a CDK2-inhibitor complex. The cellular effects of these compounds were characterized in mammalian cells and yeast. In the Latter case the effects were characterized on a genome-wide scale by monitoring changes in messenger RNA Levels in treated cells with high-density oligonucleotide probe arrays. Purine libraries could provide useful tools for analyzing a variety of signaling and regulatory pathways and may Lead to the development of new therapeutics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Physiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cellular Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNRS, Biol Stn, F-29682 Roscoff, France. RP Schultz, PG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 30 TC 724 Z9 744 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 24 PY 1998 VL 281 IS 5376 BP 533 EP 538 DI 10.1126/science.281.5376.533 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 104KA UT WOS:000075012300032 PM 9677190 ER PT J AU Enderlein, J Robbins, DL Ambrose, WP Keller, RA AF Enderlein, J Robbins, DL Ambrose, WP Keller, RA TI Molecular shot noise, burst size distribution, and single-molecule detection in fluid flow: Effects of multiple occupancy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS; INDIVIDUAL MOLECULES; DETECTION LIMITS; CYTOMETRY; BIOTECHNOLOGY; MICROSCOPY; FRAGMENTS; DYNAMICS AB We present a new mathematical approach for calculating burst size distributions for the detection of fluorescent molecules introduced into a fluid flow at different rates. The burst size distributions reflect the passage of more than one molecule through the detection volume in close succession. The calculations are based upon a physical model appropriate for the fluorophore phycoerythrin under the conditions of no saturation of excitation, negligible triplet-state dynamics, and negligible detector dead time. The model includes photophysical properties of the fluorophore phycoerythrin (absorption cross section, fluorescence quantum yield, and photostability); diffusion; sample stream hydrodynamics; spatially dependent optical detection efficiency; and excitation laser beam characteristics. Good agreement is found between the mathematical model and experimental results with phycoerythrin. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Enderlein, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CST-1,MS M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 37 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 23 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 30 BP 6089 EP 6094 DI 10.1021/jp9708299 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 110DF UT WOS:000075364300005 ER PT J AU Paddison, SJ Tschuikow-Roux, E AF Paddison, SJ Tschuikow-Roux, E TI Structures, vibrational frequencies, thermodynamic properties, and bond dissociation energies of the bromomethanes and bromomethyl radicals: An ab initio study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; INTERNAL-ROTATION; METHYL-BROMIDE; DIBROMOMETHANE CH2BR2; MATRIX-ISOLATION; ATOMIC OXYGEN; BASIS-SETS; GAS-PHASE; BARRIERS; ABINITIO AB Reported here is a theoretical study of the entire series of bromomethanes (CH4-nBrn) and bromomethyl radicals (CH3-mBrm) establishing a self-consistent set of structural and thermodynamic information. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations were performed to compute equilibrium geometries for the molecules and radicals initially at the (U)HF/6-31G* and (R)HF/6-31G* levels, respectively, and then refined at the MP2/6-31G* level. Vibrational frequencies were determined for all species at the HF/6-31G* level and comparison with infrared measurements and matrix isolation studies is favorable. Electron correlation contributions were performed by single-point calculations using fourth-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory for derived MP2/6-31G* geometries. Enthalpies of formation were obtained from a consideration of applicable isodesmic reactions using the derived MP4/6-31G**//MP2/6-31G* total energies in conjunction with experimentally established enthalpies of formation for CH3Br, CH4, and CH3.. The calculations predict the following standard enthalpies of formation in kilocalories per mole (at 298 K and 1 atm): CH2Br2, 1.07 +/- 0.6; CHBr3, 12.16 +/- 0.7; CBr4, 25.23 +/- 0.8; CH2Br(.), 41.63 +/- 0.4; CHBr2., 48.11 +/- 0.6; and CBr3., 55.36 +/- 0.7. These data are then used to tabulate Delta H degrees(f,T), Delta G degrees(f,T), and K-f,K-T for all species over the temperature range 0-1500 K. Comparison is made to existing thermochemical data through calculation of C-H and C-Br bond dissociation energies. C1 Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Paddison, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MST-11,MS D429, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM paddison@lanl.gov RI Paddison, Stephen/B-2935-2014 NR 59 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 23 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 30 BP 6191 EP 6199 DI 10.1021/jp9817628 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 110DF UT WOS:000075364300018 ER PT J AU McGarvey, JJ Callaghan, P Coates, CG Schoonover, JR Kelly, JM Jacquet, L Gordon, KC AF McGarvey, JJ Callaghan, P Coates, CG Schoonover, JR Kelly, JM Jacquet, L Gordon, KC TI Comment on "Resonance Raman investigation of [Ru(phen)(2)(dppz)(2+)] and related complexes in water and in the presence of DNA" SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER EMISSION; EXCITED-STATES; MULTIPLE EMISSIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; INTRALIGAND; TEMPERATURE; RU(II); RE(I) C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Chem, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Chem, Dublin 2, Ireland. Univ Otago, Dept Chem, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP McGarvey, JJ (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Chem, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. RI Gordon, Keith/B-7149-2008; Kelly, John/L-5103-2015 OI Kelly, John/0000-0002-3706-1777 NR 19 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 23 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 30 BP 5941 EP 5942 DI 10.1021/jp981111b PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 110DD UT WOS:000075364100028 ER PT J AU Spicer, CW Chapman, EG Finlayson-Pitts, BJ Plastridge, RA Hubbe, JM Fast, JD Berkowitz, CM AF Spicer, CW Chapman, EG Finlayson-Pitts, BJ Plastridge, RA Hubbe, JM Fast, JD Berkowitz, CM TI Unexpectedly high concentrations of molecular chlorine in coastal air SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE AIR; SEA-SALT; MECHANISM AB The fate of many atmospheric trace species, including pollutants such as nitrogen oxides and some volatile organic compounds, is controlled by oxidation reactions, In the daytime troposphere, these reactions are dominated by photochemically produced OH radicals; at night and in polluted environments, NO(3) radicals are an important oxidant(1). Ozone can contribute to the oxidation of atmospheric species during both day and night(1), In recent years, laboratory investigations(2-4), modelling studies(5-7), measured Cl deficits in marine aerosols(8) and species-nonspecific observations(9-11) of gaseous inorganic chlorine compounds other than HCl have suggested that reactive halogen species may contribute significantly to-or even locally dominate-the oxidative capacity of the lower marine troposphere. Here we report nighttime observations of molecular chlorine concentrations at a North American coastal site during onshore wind flow conditions that cannot be explained using known chlorine chemistry. The measured Cl(2) mixing ratios range from <10 to 150 parts per 10(12) (p.p.t.), exceeding those predicted(5) for marine air by more than an order of magnitude. Using the observed chlorine concentrations and a simple photochemical box model, we estimate that a hitherto unrecognized chlorine source must exist that produces up to 330 p.p,t, Cl(2) per day. The model also indicates that early-morning photolysis of molecular chlorine can yield sufficiently high concentrations of chlorine atoms to render the oxidation of common gaseous compounds by this species 100 times faster than the analogous oxidation reactions involving the OH radical, thus emphasizing the locally significant effect of chlorine atoms on the concentrations and lifetimes of atmospheric trace species in both the remote marine boundary layer and coastal urban areas. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Spicer, CW (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM spicerc@battelle.org RI Chapman, Elaine/K-8756-2012; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011 NR 26 TC 388 Z9 392 U1 9 U2 68 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 23 PY 1998 VL 394 IS 6691 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1038/28584 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 103QF UT WOS:000074968800046 ER PT J AU Arisaka, K Roberts, D Slater, W Spencer, M Weaver, M Krolak, P Briere, RA Cheu, E Harris, DA McFarland, KS Roodman, A Schwingenheuer, B Somalwar, SV Wah, YW Winstein, B Winston, R Barker, A Swallow, EC Bock, GJ Coleman, R Crisler, M Enagonio, J Ford, R Hsiung, YB Jensen, DA Ramberg, E Tschirhart, R Collins, EM Gollin, GD Nakaya, T Yamanaka, T Myung, SS Gu, P Haas, P Hogan, WP Kim, SK Matthews, JN Schnetzer, S Thomson, GB Zou, Y AF Arisaka, K Roberts, D Slater, W Spencer, M Weaver, M Krolak, P Briere, RA Cheu, E Harris, DA McFarland, KS Roodman, A Schwingenheuer, B Somalwar, SV Wah, YW Winstein, B Winston, R Barker, A Swallow, EC Bock, GJ Coleman, R Crisler, M Enagonio, J Ford, R Hsiung, YB Jensen, DA Ramberg, E Tschirhart, R Collins, EM Gollin, GD Nakaya, T Yamanaka, T Myung, SS Gu, P Haas, P Hogan, WP Kim, SK Matthews, JN Schnetzer, S Thomson, GB Zou, Y TI Search for the lepton-family number violating decays K-L ->pi(0)mu(+/-)e(-/+) SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID BRANCHING RATIO; LIMIT AB We have carried out at Fermilab the first search for the lepton-family number violating decay K-L-->pi(0)mu(+/-)e double dagger. There were no events observed. By normalizing to K-L-->pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) decays collected simultaneously, the 90% confidence level upper limit on 1/2[BR(K-L-->pi(0)mu(+)e(-)) + BR(K-L-->pi(0)mu(-)e(+))] was determined to be 3.1 X 10(-9). (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Elmhurst Coll, Elmhurst, IL 60126 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Osaka Univ, Dept Phys, Toyonaka, Osaka 560, Japan. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Arisaka, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RI Briere, Roy/N-7819-2014; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015 OI Briere, Roy/0000-0001-5229-1039; Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775 NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 23 PY 1998 VL 432 IS 1-2 BP 230 EP 234 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00644-3 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 107DZ UT WOS:000075192900036 ER PT J AU Evans, M Stimson, S Ng, CY Hsu, CW AF Evans, M Stimson, S Ng, CY Hsu, CW TI High-resolution pulses field ionization photoelectron study of O-2: Predissociation lifetimes and high-n Rydberg lifetimes converging to O-2(+)(c (4)Sigma(-)(u), v(+)=0,1) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION CALCULATIONS; THRESHOLD PHOTOELECTRON; PHOTOION COINCIDENCE; SPECTROSCOPY; STATES; OXYGEN; DISSOCIATION; O2 AB We have measured the pulsed field ionization photoelectron (PFI-PE) spectrum of O-2 in the energy range of 24.53-25.0 eV at a PFI-PE resolution of 11 cm(-1) (full Width at half maximum, FWHM), The PFI-PE bands for O-2(+)(c (4)Sigma(u)(-), nu(+) = 0 and 1) obtained at O-2 rotational temperatures of 35 and 298 K have been simulated using the Buckingham-Orr-Sichel. model. Only the Delta N = -3, -1, +1, and +3 (or N, P, R, and T) rotational branches are observed, indicating that the outgoing electron continuum channels with angular momenta l=0, 2, and 4 dominate in-the threshold ionization transitions O-2(+)(c (4)Sigma(u)(-), nu(+) = 0 to 1, N+)<-- O-2(X (3)Sigma(g)(-), nu "=0, N "). The simulation yields natural rotational linewidths of 19.6+/-2.0 and 77+/-8 cm(-1) (FWHM) for the respective nu(+) = 0 and 1 PFI-PE bands of the O-2(+)(c (4)Sigma(u)(-)) state. These linewidths make possible the determination of the predissociation lifetimes for the nu(+) = 0 and 1 levels of O-2(+)(c (4)Sigma(u)(-)) to be (2.7+/-0.3) X 10(-13) and (6.9+/-0.7) X 10(-14) s, respectively. This experiment also provides accurate ionization energies of 24.5622(7)+/-0.0005 and 24.7544(5)+/-0.0005 eV for transitions to O-2(+)(c (4)Sigma(u)(-), nu(+)=0, N+=0) and O-2(+)(c (4)Sigma(u)(-), nu(+)=1, N+=0); from O-2(X (3)Sigma(g)(-), nu ", N "=1), respectively. The rotational constants of 1.58+/-0.02 and 1.54+/-0.04 cm(-1) obtained here for the O-2(+)(c (4)Sigma(u)(-) nu(+)=0) and O-2(+)(c (4)Sigma(u)(-), nu(+)=1) states allow the calculation of their corresponding equilibrium bond distances to be 1.155+/-0.011 and 1.170+/-0.015 Angstrom. The (nominal) effective lifetimes for,high-n Rydberg states converging to the O-2(+)(c (4)Sigma(u)(-), nu(+)=0 and 1) states are measured to be approximate to 0.33 mu S, which are significantly shorter than the values of approximate to 1.9 mu s measured for the O-2(+)(b (4)Sigma(g)(-), nu(+)=0-5) states. The shorter (nominal) effective lifetimes for high-n Rydberg states converging to O-2(+)(c (4)Sigma(g)(-), nu(+)=0 and 1) observed are attributed to the higher kinetic energy releases (or velocities) of O+ fragments resulting from predissociation;of the O-2(+) ion cores. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ng, CY (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 35 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 22 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 4 BP 1285 EP 1292 DI 10.1063/1.476678 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 108FP UT WOS:000075255600011 ER PT J AU Wu, M Ray, M Sedlacek, AJ AF Wu, M Ray, M Sedlacek, AJ TI Raman resonance de-enhancement in the excitation profile of CS2 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC-AMINO-ACIDS; FORBIDDEN ELECTRONIC-TRANSITIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; N-METHYLACETAMIDE; LASER EXCITATION; BENZENE VAPOR; ULTRAVIOLET; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; INTENSITY AB The total differential Raman cross section of the symmetric vibrational mode of CS2 (652 cm(-1)) in liquid phase has been measured as a function of excitation wavelength from the visible to the ultraviolet. The resulting excitation profile shows a strong preresonance enhancement when the excitation wavelength is less than 300 nm. The cross section measured at 240 nm is about three orders-of-magnitude larger than the nu(4) dependence for Raman scattering. The observed preresonant effect appears to be dominated by the B-1(2)((1) Sigma(u)(+)) <-- (1) Sigma(g)(+) transition. A minimum in the excitation profile occurs at a wavelength that is associated with the peak of the near-UV absorption band (similar to 320 nm). The observed dip in the profile is ascribable to a quantum interference between the B-1(2)((1) Sigma(u)(+)) and the two Renner-Teller components, B-1(2) and (1)A(2)((1) Delta(u)). The transition from the ground state to the lower electronic state is electronically forbidden, but it becomes vibronically allowed due to the Renner-Teller interaction. This may be the first observation of Raman resonance de-enhancement due to the interference involving three excited states. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wu, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 22 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 4 BP 1352 EP 1358 DI 10.1063/1.476687 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 108FP UT WOS:000075255600020 ER PT J AU Ting, AY Shin, I Lucero, C Schultz, PG AF Ting, AY Shin, I Lucero, C Schultz, PG TI Energetic analysis of an engineered cation-pi interaction in staphylococcal nuclease SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTOR; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; BIOMIMETIC CATALYSIS; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM; PROTEIN STABILITY; AMINO-ACIDS; X-RAY; BINDING; POLARIZABILITY; CHEMISTRY C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schultz, PG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 22 PY 1998 VL 120 IS 28 BP 7135 EP 7136 DI 10.1021/ja981520l PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 104MY UT WOS:000075019400044 ER PT J AU Heiney, PA Gidalevitz, D Maliszewskyj, NC Satija, S Vaknin, D Pan, Y Ford, WT AF Heiney, PA Gidalevitz, D Maliszewskyj, NC Satija, S Vaknin, D Pan, Y Ford, WT TI Multilayer formation in an azacrown [18]N-6 Langmuir film SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; SELF-ORGANIZATION; MOLECULES; MONOLAYERS AB A neutron reflectivity study of a deuterated azacrown [18]N-6 at the air-water interface shows that it forms multilayers upon compression, with monolayers and trilayers being more stable than bilayers. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Chem, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Heiney, PA (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Gidalevitz, David/D-6717-2012; Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009 OI Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD JUL 21 PY 1998 IS 14 BP 1483 EP 1484 DI 10.1039/a800388b PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 102JT UT WOS:000074921600031 ER PT J AU Doser, M Regenfus, C Barnett, B Dunnweber, W Kalinowsky, H Kammel, P Walther, D AF Doser, M Regenfus, C Barnett, B Dunnweber, W Kalinowsky, H Kammel, P Walther, D TI The Crystal Barrel Si-vertex detector SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE silicon microstrip detector; trigger; backplane readout AB We have built and operated a silicon microstrip detector for the Crystal Barrel spectrometer used at LEAR at CERN, to trigger on final states of (p) over bar p annihilations at rest and in flight containing one or more long-lived neutral particles which decay into charged secondaries. Both strip side and backplane of the single-sided strip detectors are read out, and the information is used in the first and second level trigger stages. The characteristics and performance of this detector are discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CERN, Div PPE, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Tech Univ Munchen Weihenstephan, Sekt Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Univ Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, LBNL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Doser, M (reprint author), CERN, Div PPE, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. NR 1 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 1998 VL 412 IS 1 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00222-8 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 106MW UT WOS:000075134100006 ER PT J AU Valls, J Atac, M Mishina, M Gubinelli, M Tonet, O Sorel, M AF Valls, J Atac, M Mishina, M Gubinelli, M Tonet, O Sorel, M TI Measurement of the rate capability of solid state photomultipliers using visible light SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE optics, readout; efficiency; scintillation counter, fibre; semiconductor, optical; radiation, yield; tevatron ID SCINTILLATING FIBERS; PHOTON COUNTERS; TRACKING AB The rate capability of solid state photomultipliers has been studied for various combinations of temperature and bias voltage. Using a 635 nm laser diode flasher measurements were made up to a single photoelectron rate of 12 MHz. Only a slight decrease, less than several per cent, of the quantum efficiency was observed at this rate whereas a 10% drop of the gain was observed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Pisa, Dept Phys, I-56100 Pisa, Italy. Univ Bologna, Dept Phys, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bologna, INFN Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. RP Valls, J (reprint author), Fermilab, POB 500,MS 318, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 1998 VL 412 IS 1 BP 89 EP 103 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00211-3 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 106MW UT WOS:000075134100008 ER PT J AU Hsu, HH Chen, J Ing, H Clifford, ETH McLean, T AF Hsu, HH Chen, J Ing, H Clifford, ETH McLean, T TI Skin dose measurement with microspec-2((TM)) SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE skin dose; radiation dose; beta spectrum; phoswich detector AB For many years, Los Alamos National Laboratory has used Eberline HP-260 beta detectors to measure skin dose. However, this detector has a limitation in that it does not measure the beta spectrum, and skin dose can be determined only if the contaminating radioactive isotope is known. A new product, MICROSPEC-2, has been developed, which contains a small, portable computer with a multichannel analyzer and a beta probe consisting of a phoswich detector. The new system measures the beta spectrum and automatically folds in the beta fluence-to-dose conversion function to yield skin dose. The measured spectra are in good agreement with theoretical curves for different kinds of beta sources and for beta energies down to about 200 keV. The spectroscopic method allows the derivation of skin doses with more reliable accuracy than the normal integrated dose method. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Phys Measurements Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Bubble Technol Ind, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. RP Hsu, HH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hlth Phys Measurements Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hhsu@lanl.gov NR 5 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 1998 VL 412 IS 1 BP 155 EP 160 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00477-X PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 106MW UT WOS:000075134100015 ER PT J AU Stefan, PM Krinsky, S Rakowsky, G Solomon, L Lynch, D Tanabe, T Kitamura, H AF Stefan, PM Krinsky, S Rakowsky, G Solomon, L Lynch, D Tanabe, T Kitamura, H TI Small-gap undulator research at the NSLS: concepts and results SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE small-gap undulators; short-period undulators; stored beam lifetime; in-vacuum undulators ID HYBRID WIGGLER; BEAM LINE AB We report the results of experiments carried out in the X13 straight section of the NSLS X-ray Ring, which explore the limits of operation of small-gap undulators. Two major projects are described: the Prototype Small-Gap Undulator (PSGU) and the In-Vacuum UNdulator (IVUN). The PSGU utilized a variable-aperture vacuum chamber and a separate drive for the 16-mm-period undulator magnet arrays, which were situated in air outside the vacuum vessel. For IVUN, the 11-mm-period undulator arrays were placed directly in the accelerator vacuum. For both devices, stored beam lifetimes in the X-ray Ring were unaffected until electron beam apertures were decreased below 5 mm. A 3 mm aperture resulted in only a slight reduction of beam lifetime, which is acceptable for normal user operations. Measurements of the photon spectra radiated by the PSGU and IVUN were in excellent agreement with theory. Our work provides strong evidence that small-gap, short-period undulators will play an important role in the future. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SPring-8 Team, Kamigori, Hyogo 67812, Japan. RP Stefan, PM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, POB 5000, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 1998 VL 412 IS 1 BP 161 EP 173 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00290-3 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 106MW UT WOS:000075134100016 ER PT J AU Kimmel, R Sethian, JA AF Kimmel, R Sethian, JA TI Computing geodesic paths on manifolds SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LEVEL SET METHOD; CURVATURE; FRONTS AB The Fast Marching Method is a numerical algorithm for solving the Eikonal equation on a rectangular orthogonal mesh in O(M log M) steps, where hi is the total number of grid points. In this paper we extend the Fast Marching Method to triangulated domains with the same computational complexity As an application, we provide an optimal time algorithm for computing the geodesic distances and thereby extracting shortest paths on triangulated manifolds. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sethian, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 9 TC 474 Z9 492 U1 0 U2 23 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 21 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 15 BP 8431 EP 8435 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.15.8431 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 103EA UT WOS:000075143900005 PM 9671694 ER PT J AU Collins, C Rommens, JM Kowbel, D Godfrey, T Tanner, M Hwang, S Polikoff, D Nonet, G Cochran, J Myambo, K Jay, KE Froula, J Cloutier, T Kuo, WL Yaswen, P Dairkee, S Giovanola, J Hutchinson, GB Isola, J Kallioniemi, OP Palazzolo, M Martin, C Ericsson, C Pinkel, D Albertson, D Li, WB Gray, JW AF Collins, C Rommens, JM Kowbel, D Godfrey, T Tanner, M Hwang, S Polikoff, D Nonet, G Cochran, J Myambo, K Jay, KE Froula, J Cloutier, T Kuo, WL Yaswen, P Dairkee, S Giovanola, J Hutchinson, GB Isola, J Kallioniemi, OP Palazzolo, M Martin, C Ericsson, C Pinkel, D Albertson, D Li, WB Gray, JW TI Positional cloning of ZNF217 and NABC1: Genes amplified at 20q13.2 and overexpressed in breast carcinoma SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID COMPARATIVE GENOMIC HYBRIDIZATION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; EXON AMPLIFICATION; DNA AMPLIFICATION; CELL-LINES; CANCER; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; COMPLEX; REGIONS AB We report here the molecular cloning of an approximate to 1-Mb region of recurrent amplification at 20q13.2 in breast cancer and other tumors and the delineation of a 260-kb common region of amplification. Analysis of the I-Mb region produced evidence for five genes, ZNF217, ZNF218, and NABC1, PIC1L (PIC1-like), CYP24, and a pseudogene CRP (Cyclophillin Related Pseudogene). ZNF217 and NABC1 emerged as strong candidate oncogenes and were characterized in detail. NABC1 is predicted to encode a 585-aa protein of unknown function and is overexpressed in most but not all breast cancer cell lints in which it was amplified. ZNF217 is centrally located in the 260-kb common region of amplification, transcribed in multiple normal tissues, and overexpressed in all cell lines and tumors in which it is amplified and in two in which it is not. ZNF217 is predicted to encode alternately spliced, Kruppel-like transcription factors of 1,062 and 1,108 aa, each having a DNA-binding domain (eight C2H2 zinc fingers) and a proline-rich transcription activation domain. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Genet, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Tampere Univ Hosp, Canc Genet Lab, FIN-33521 Tampere, Finland. Inst Med Technol, FIN-33521 Tampere, Finland. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada. NHGRI, Canc Genet Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Life Technol Inc, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Calif Pacific Med Ctr, Brush Canc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94619 USA. RP Collins, C (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Canc, 2340 Sutter St,Room N415, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RI Kallioniemi, Olli/H-5111-2011; Dairkee, Shanaz/D-6743-2012; Godfrey, Tony/A-5572-2013; Kallioniemi, Olli/H-4738-2012 OI Kallioniemi, Olli/0000-0002-3231-0332; Godfrey, Tony/0000-0002-3283-6983; Kallioniemi, Olli/0000-0002-3231-0332 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 58207, P50 CA058207] NR 45 TC 244 Z9 254 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 21 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 15 BP 8703 EP 8708 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.15.8703 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 103EA UT WOS:000075143900053 PM 9671742 ER PT J AU Brander, C Walker, BD Korber, B AF Brander, C Walker, BD Korber, B TI Who is right? Or, how to judge the disagreement about HLA restriction of Nef peptides - Comment SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Letter ID T-LYMPHOCYTES; PROTEIN; REGION C1 Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brander, C (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Partners AIDS Res Ctr, 149 13th St,5th Floor,5214, Charlestown, MA 02129 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 14 IS 11 BP 923 EP 924 DI 10.1089/aid.1998.14.923 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 101ND UT WOS:000074874300002 ER PT J AU Ondoa, P Willems, B Fransen, K Nkengasong, J Janssens, W Heyndrickx, L Zekeng, L Ndumbe, P Simon, F Saragosti, S Gurtler, L Peeters, M Korber, B Goudsmit, J van der Groen, G AF Ondoa, P Willems, B Fransen, K Nkengasong, J Janssens, W Heyndrickx, L Zekeng, L Ndumbe, P Simon, F Saragosti, S Gurtler, L Peeters, M Korber, B Goudsmit, J van der Groen, G TI Evaluation of different V3 peptides in an enzyme immunoassay for specific HIV type 1 group O antibody detection SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; SENSITIVITY; SPECIMENS; ISOLATE; GABON; VIRUS AB Strategies to discriminate group O from group M infections need to be improved. We have developed and evaluated an HIV-1 group O V3 peptide-based enzyme immunoassay (PEIA) for specific HIV-1 group O antibody detection among HIV-l-infected patients. Synthetic peptides, derived from the amino acid sequences of the V3 loop of 15 different group O strains and 7 group O consensus sequences, were evaluated in a PEIA against a panel of genetically confirmed group O (n = 33), group M (n = 90), and HIV-1 antibody-negative sera (n = 17), The best-performing PEIA(s) were then used to screen 134 sera of European and 336 sera of Cameroonian origin for the presence of anti-HIV-l group O antibodies. The reactivity of reference ("gold standard") sera to individual peptides in the PEIA resulted in the selection of five different peptides with sensitivities (sens), specificities (spec), and test efficiencies (TEs) in the range of 90 to 100%, Improvement of the PEIA was obtained with simultaneous reactivity of at least two different peptides in separate wells of an ELISA plate, together with stringent criteria for positivity. We were able to select seven peptide combinations each with a sens, spec, and TE of 96.9, 100, and 99.2%, respectively. None of the 134 European and 4 (1.2%) of the 336 Cameroonian samples sera were group O positive in the optimized HIV-1 group O PEIA; this was confirmed by the repeated presence of reactives, in agreement with the present knowledge of group O infection distribution. Finally, we were able to develop a strategy with a higher TE (99.2%) than the previously used ANT-70 (98.5%) and ANT-70/MVP5180 (95,7%), Our results show that optimal specificity rather than optimal sensitivity makes the V3 PEIA a sufficiently accurate epidemiological tool to be useful in estimating specifically group O infection among HIV-l-infected patients. C1 Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. CHU, Lab & Transfus Sanguine, Yaounde, Cameroon. Univ Yaounde 1, Fac Med, Yaounde, Cameroon. Hop Bichat Claude Bernard, Virol Lab, F-75877 Paris, France. Hop Cochin, INSERM U363, ICGM, F-75014 Paris, France. Univ Munich, D-80336 Munich, Germany. ORSTOM, Retrovirus Lab, F-34032 Montpellier, France. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. European AIDS Virus Serosurveillance Programme, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Dept Human Retrovirol, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP van der Groen, G (reprint author), Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 14 IS 11 BP 963 EP 972 DI 10.1089/aid.1998.14.963 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 101ND UT WOS:000074874300006 PM 9686642 ER PT J AU von Smekal, L Hauck, A Alkofer, R AF von Smekal, L Hauck, A Alkofer, R TI A solution to coupled Dyson-Schwinger equations for gluons and ghosts in Landau gauge SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICAL SYMMETRY BREAKING; QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS; AXIAL GAUGE; NONPERTURBATIVE SOLUTION; ANALYTIC PROPERTIES; INFRARED BEHAVIOR; SELF-CONSISTENCY; VERTEX FUNCTION; WILSON LOOP; PROPAGATOR AB A truncation scheme for the Dyson-Schwinger equations of QCD in Landau gauge is presented which implements the Slavnov-Taylor identities for the 3-point vertex functions. Neglecting contributions From 4-point correlations such as the 4-gluon vertex function and irreducible scattering kernels, a closed system of equations for the propagators is obtained. For the pure gauge theory without quarks this system of equations For the propagators of gluons and ghosts is solved in an approximation which allows for an analytic discussion of its solutions in the infrared: The gluon propagator is shown to vanish for small spacelike momenta whereas the ghost propagator is found to be infrared enhanced. The running coupling of the non-perturbative subtraction scheme approaches an infrared stable Fixed point at a critical value of the coupling, alpha(c) similar or equal to 9.5. The gluon propagator is shown to have no Lehmann representation. The results for the propagators obtained here compare favorably with recent lattice calculations. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tubingen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RP von Smekal, L (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys 3, Staudtstr 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. NR 62 TC 247 Z9 248 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 267 IS 1 BP 1 EP 60 DI 10.1006/aphy.1998.5806 PG 60 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 105CB UT WOS:000075053900001 ER PT J AU Widmayer, CC Nickels, MR Milam, D AF Widmayer, CC Nickels, MR Milam, D TI Nonlinear holographic imaging of phase errors SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB Experimental measurements and computer simulations of nonlinear holographic imaging of phase errors in laser beams are presented. The computer models are found to accurately predict the results of the experiments. Comparison with similar results by use of amplitude scatterers reveals that the image location (along the propagation path) is the same for phase and amplitude scatterers. However, the intensity and fluence of the image of a phase scatterer are significantly larger, indicating that phase objects pose a larger damage threat to optical components. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Widmayer, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-465, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 39 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 21 BP 4801 EP 4805 DI 10.1364/AO.37.004801 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 100RC UT WOS:000074828300036 PM 18285939 ER PT J AU Zelmon, DE Small, DL Page, R AF Zelmon, DE Small, DL Page, R TI Refractive-index measurements of undoped yttrium aluminum garnet from 0.4 to 5.0 mu m SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB We report measurements of the refractive index of undoped yttrium aluminum garnet from 0.4 to 5.0 mu m and the calculation of Sellmeier coefficients based on our data. The data differ considerably from previously published reports. The effect of the new data on the design of optical devices such as intracavity etalons for lasers is discussed. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 USAF, Res Lab, MLPO, Mat Directorate, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zelmon, DE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, MLPO, Mat Directorate, 3005 P St,Suite 6, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. NR 8 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 21 BP 4933 EP 4935 DI 10.1364/AO.37.004933 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 100RC UT WOS:000074828300058 PM 18285961 ER PT J AU Goldsmith, JEM Blair, FH Bisson, SE Turner, DD AF Goldsmith, JEM Blair, FH Bisson, SE Turner, DD TI Turn-key Raman lidar for profiling atmospheric water vapor, clouds, and aerosols SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB We describe an operational, self-contained, fully autonomous Raman lidar system that has been developed for unattended, around-the-clock atmospheric profiling of water vapor, aerosols, and clouds. During a 1996 three-week intensive observational period, the system operated during all periods of good weather (339 out of 504 h), including one continuous five-day period. The system is based on a dual-field-of-view design that provides excellent daytime capability without sacrificing nighttime performance. It is fully computer automated and runs unattended following a simple, brief(similar to 5-min) start-up period. We discuss the theory and design of the system and present detailed analyses of the derivation of water-vapor profiles from the Lidar measurements. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Goldsmith, JEM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9409, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 151 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 21 BP 4979 EP 4990 DI 10.1364/AO.37.004979 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 100RC UT WOS:000074828300064 PM 18285967 ER PT J AU Keidar, M Beilis, II AF Keidar, M Beilis, II TI Plasma-wall sheath in a positive biased duct of the vacuum arc magnetic macroparticle filter SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CATHODIC ARC; TRANSPORT AB A model of the electrical sheath between plasma and a positively biased wall has been developed for the case of the magnetic field perfectly parallel to the wall. The magnetized sheath and relatively large positive wall potential with respect to the plasma are considered: so that only electron current is present in the sheath. We show that the sheath thickness increases linearly with duct current density. There is good quantitative agreement between the calculated and experimental current-voltage duct characteristics. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Elect Discharge & Plasma Lab, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. RP Keidar, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 3 BP 306 EP 308 DI 10.1063/1.121817 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108PX UT WOS:000075275600010 ER PT J AU Keeble, DJ Nielsen, B Krishnan, A Lynn, KG Madhukar, S Ramesh, R Young, CF AF Keeble, DJ Nielsen, B Krishnan, A Lynn, KG Madhukar, S Ramesh, R Young, CF TI Vacancy defects in (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O-3 capacitors observed by positron annihilation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID (PB,LA)(ZR,TI)O-3 THIN-FILMS; SILICON; IMPRINT AB A study of vacancy-related defects in ferroelectric capacitors was performed using a variable energy positron beam (VEPB). Heterostructures of (Pb0.9La0.1)(Zr(0.2)Ti(0.8)O3) (PLZT) ferroelectric with La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSCO) electrodes were deposited by pulsed laser deposition and the effects of oxygen deficiency studied using structures grown with 760 and 1 x 10(-5) Torr oxygen. The VEPB depth profile showed an increase in vacancy-related defects with increased oxygen nonstoichiometry. A study of LSCO and PLZT thin films was also performed. The formation of vacancy clusters in the LSCO top electrode, and V-Pb - V-O defects in the PLZT layer, with increased oxygen deficiency is inferred. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Dundee, Carnegie Lab Phys, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11793 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Keeble, DJ (reprint author), Univ Dundee, Carnegie Lab Phys, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. EM d.j.keeble@dundee.ac.uk RI Nielsen, Bent/B-7353-2009; Keeble, David /C-6633-2012 OI Nielsen, Bent/0000-0001-7016-0040; Keeble, David /0000-0002-5378-799X NR 13 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 3 BP 318 EP 320 DI 10.1063/1.121820 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108PX UT WOS:000075275600014 ER PT J AU Hsu, L Walukiewicz, W AF Hsu, L Walukiewicz, W TI Effects of piezoelectric field on defect formation, charge transfer, and electron transport at GaN/AlxGa1-xN interfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALGAN/GAN HETEROSTRUCTURES; PRESSURE; GAS AB We have calculated the donor defect profiles in pseudomorphic Al(x)Gal(1-x)N layers grown on GaN, taking into account the effects of the strain polarization field on the defect formation energy. Under certain conditions, the defect concentration may be enhanced by more than one order of magnitude. These large concentrations combined with the band bending effects of the piezoelectric field makes the charge transfer from the AlxGa1-xN barrier to the GaN well extremely efficient, resulting in a two-dimensional electron gas of very high density and low mobility. These results explain recent experimental observations of large electron densities found in nominally undoped GaN/AlGaN heterostructures. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Innovat Learning, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hsu, L (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Innovat Learning, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 12 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 3 BP 339 EP 341 DI 10.1063/1.121827 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108PX UT WOS:000075275600021 ER PT J AU Martin, J Huebener, RP le Grand, JB Mears, CA Labov, SE Barfknecht, AT AF Martin, J Huebener, RP le Grand, JB Mears, CA Labov, SE Barfknecht, AT TI Imaging of vortices in superconductors by electron beam scanning SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; DETECTORS AB Abrikosov vortices trapped in a superconducting tunnel junction and oriented perpendicular to the barrier plane were imaged by electron beam scanning at 1.6 K, We have used NbAlOxNb junctions. As an important feature, the top Nb electrode was covered with a SiO2 film of 300 nm thickness, absorbing most of the 5 keV beam energy. The signal generating the image is explained by a model, assuming that the beam-induced electronic excitations in the SiO2 overlay film are trapped in the local magnetic field protruding from a vortex, resulting in an increased recombination rate. In addition to providing a novel approach to the imaging of the vortices in superconductors, our results are important for understanding quasiparticle losses in tunnel junction detectors. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Tubingen, Lehrstuhl Expt Phys 2, Inst Phys, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Conductus Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. RP Martin, J (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Lehrstuhl Expt Phys 2, Inst Phys, Morgenstelle 14, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany. RI Martin, Jens/H-9029-2013 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 3 BP 378 EP 380 DI 10.1063/1.121840 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108PX UT WOS:000075275600034 ER PT J AU Kalman, L Sebban, P Hanson, DK Schiffer, M Maroti, P AF Kalman, L Sebban, P Hanson, DK Schiffer, M Maroti, P TI Flash-induced changes in buffering capacity of reaction centers from photosynthetic bacteria reveal complex interaction between quinone pockets SO BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS LA English DT Article DE photosynthesis; bacterial reaction center; electrostatic interaction; proton binding; site-specific mutagenesis ID RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; PROTON-TRANSFER; RHODOPSEUDOMONAS-VIRIDIS; SECONDARY QUINONE; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; BINDING-SITE; H+ BINDING; CAPSULATUS; PROTEIN; PATHWAY AB A novel method was applied to determine light-induced protonation in reaction centers from photosynthetic purple bacteria. Changes in buffering capacities upon flash excitation were detected in (0.03% Triton X-100) detergent solution of reaction centers from Rhodobacter (Rb.) sphaeroides and Rb, capsulatus wild type and mutant strains with empty or occupied secondary quinone (Q(B)) binding sites in the presence of an external electron donor. The light-induced differences in buffering capacities between pH 4 and 11 were analyzed in terms of protonatable residues, Due to its differential nature, this method is more sensitive to the position and shift of pK(a) of the individual groups than the direct method based on proton uptake measurements, Out of the four different ionizable residues which were used to fit the curves, the two groups with apparent (dark) pK(a) values between 8.4-8.8 and 9.5-10.0 (depending on the species and conditions) disappeared when the native ubiquinone(10) was replaced by menadione at the primary quinone (Q(A)) binding site of Rb. sphaeroides or when the key protonatable residues (L212Clu and L213Asp) were replaced by non-protonatable alanines in the Q(B) binding site of the AA+M43D mutant from Rb. capsulatus, The experimentally observed acidic and neutral residues remained unchanged, These results obtained from modifications in both quinone sites reveal the origin of the alkaline pH groups: they reflect the interaction of Q(A)(-) and the cluster of ionizable residues around L212Glu in the Q(B) binding pocket. The involvement of two residues with close pK(a) values reflects the complex titration of the cluster. The interaction between the quinone pockets is best described qualitatively as a network of ionizable residues extending from the Q(A) Site to the Q(B) site. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Attila Jozsef Univ, Dept Biophys, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary. CNRS, Ctr Genet Mol, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Mechanist Biol & Biotechnol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Maroti, P (reprint author), Attila Jozsef Univ, Dept Biophys, Egyetem Utca 2, H-6722 Szeged, Hungary. EM pmaroti@physx.u-szeged.hu NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-2728 EI 0006-3002 J9 BBA-BIOENERGETICS JI Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Bioenerg. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 1365 IS 3 BP 513 EP 521 DI 10.1016/S0005-2728(98)00104-2 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 105PM UT WOS:000075082500016 PM 9757083 ER PT J AU Morel, JE Roberts, RM Shashkov, MJ AF Morel, JE Roberts, RM Shashkov, MJ TI A local support-operators diffusion discretization scheme for quadrilateral r-z meshes SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRIDS AB We derive a cell-centered 2-D diffusion differencing scheme for arbitrary quadrilateral meshes in r-z geometry using a local support-operators method. Our method is said to be local because it yields a sparse matrix representation for the diffusion equation, whereas the traditional support-operators method yields a dense matrix representation. The diffusion discretization scheme that we have developed offers several advantages relative to existing schemes. Most importantly, it offers second-order accuracy even on meshes that ale not smooth, rigorously treats material discontinuities, and has a symmetric positive-definite coefficient matrix. The only disadvantage of the method is that it has both cell-center and face-center scalar unknowns as opposed to just cell-center scalar unknowns. Computational examples are given which demonstrate the accuracy and cost of the new scheme relative to existing schemes. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Morel, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 68 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 144 IS 1 BP 17 EP 51 DI 10.1006/jcph.1998.5981 PG 35 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 102NJ UT WOS:000074930200002 ER PT J AU Caramana, EJ Shashkov, MJ Whalen, PP AF Caramana, EJ Shashkov, MJ Whalen, PP TI Formulations of artificial viscosity for multi-dimensional shock wave computations SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB In this paper we present a new formulation of the artificial viscosity concept. Physical arguments for the origins of this term are given and a set of criteria that any proper functional form of the artificial viscosity should satisfy is enumerated. The first important property is that by definition a viscosity must always be dissipative, transferring kinetic energy into internal energy, and must never act as a false pressure. The artificial viscous force should be Galilean invariant and vary continuously as a function of the criterion used to determine compression and expansion, and remain zero fur the latter case. These requirements significantly constrain the functional form that the artificial viscous force can have. In addition, an artificial viscosity should be able to distinguish between shock-wave and adiabatic compression, and not result in spurious entropy production when only the latter is present. It must therefore turn off completely for self-similiar motion, where only a uniform stretching and/or a rigid rotation occurs. An additional important, but more subtle, condition where the artificial viscosity should produce no effect is alone the direction tangential to a convergent shock front, since the velocity is only discontinuous in the normal direction. Our principal result is the development of a new formulation of an edge-centered artificial viscosity that is to be used in conjunction with a staggered spatial placement of variables that meets all of these standards, and without the need for problem dependent numerical coefficients that have in the past made the artificial viscosity method appear somewhat arbitrary. Our formulation and numerical results are given with respect to two spatial dimensions but all of our arguments carry over directly to three dimensions. A central Feature of our development is the implementation of simple advection limiters in a straightforward manner in more than one dimension to turn off the artificial viscosity for the above mentioned conditions, and to substantially reduce its effect when strong velocity gradients are absent. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrodynam Metods Grp, Math Modelling & Anal Grp, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div,Theoret Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Hydrodynam Metods Grp, Math Modelling & Anal Grp, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div,Theoret Div, POB 1663,MS D413, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 27 TC 139 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 144 IS 1 BP 70 EP 97 DI 10.1006/jcph.1998.5989 PG 28 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 102NJ UT WOS:000074930200004 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, JW Hoppel, WA Gelbard, F AF Fitzgerald, JW Hoppel, WA Gelbard, F TI A one-dimensional sectional model to simulate multicomponent aerosol dynamics in the marine boundary layer - 1. Model description SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SEA-SALT AEROSOL; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SULFURIC-ACID; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MECHANISM; PARTICLES; FLUXES AB A one-dimensional, multicomponent sectional model has been developed to simulate the temporal and vertical variations of the aerosol size distribution and composition in the marine boundary layer (MBL). An important aspect of the model is its ability to handle the transport of aerosols in an atmosphere with humidity gradients with no numerical diffusion caused by the swelling and shrinking of the particles as they move through the humidity gradients. This is achieved by rewriting the aerosol general dynamical equation (GDE) in terms of dry radius thus transferring all variations in radius caused by temporal and spatial humidity variations to the rate coefficients appearing in the equations. The model then solves the new GDE in fixed dry size sections, with the humidity dependence of the processes now included in variable coefficients. This procedure also results in correct gradient transport. A limiting assumption is that the particles equilibrate instantaneously with the ambient water vapor. This assumption limits the maximum particle size which can be treated in the model to ambient (wet) radii less than about 30 mu m. All processes currently believed to be important in shaping the MBL size distribution are included in the current version of the model. These include generation of sea-salt aerosol at the ocean surface, nucleation of new particles, coagulation, growth due to condensation of gas-phase reaction products, growth due to sulfate formation during cloud processing, precipitation scavenging, surface deposition, turbulent mixing, gravitational settling, and exchange with the free troposphere. Simple gas-phase chemistry which includes the oxidation of dimethylsulfide and SO, to sulfate is incorporated in the current version of the model. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Modeling & Analysis Dept 6421, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fitzgerald, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7228, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fitzgera@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; fgelbar@sandia.gov NR 76 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D13 BP 16085 EP 16102 DI 10.1029/98JD01019 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 100RB UT WOS:000074828200010 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, JW Marti, JJ Hoppel, WA Frick, GM Gelbard, F AF Fitzgerald, JW Marti, JJ Hoppel, WA Frick, GM Gelbard, F TI A one-dimensional sectional model to simulate multicomponent aerosol dynamics in the marine boundary layer - 2. Model application SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOCUMULUS TRANSITION EXPERIMENT; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; PARTICLE NUCLEATION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; GAS-EXCHANGE; PACIFIC; ENTRAINMENT; COEFFICIENT AB The dynamics of aerosols in the marine boundary layer (MBL) are simulated with the marine boundary layer aerosol model (MARBLES), a one-dimensional, multicomponent sectional aerosol model [Fitzgerald et al., this issue; Gelbard et al., this issue]. First, to illustrate how the various aerosol processes influence the particle size distribution, the model was run with one or two processes operating on the same initial size distribution. Because of current interest in the effects of cloud processing of aerosols and exchange of aerosols with the free troposphere (FT) on marine aerosol size distributions, these two processes are examined in considerable detail. The simulations show that the effect of cloud processing (characteristic double-peaked size distribution) in the upper part of the MBL is manifested at the surface on a timescale that is much faster than changes due to exchange with the FT, assuming a typical exchange velocity of 0.6 cm s(-1). The model predicts that the FT can be a significant source of particles for the MBL in the size range of the cloud-processing minimum, between the unactivated interstitial particles and the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) which have grown as a result of conversion of dissolved SO, to sulfate in cloud droplets. The model was also used to simulate the evolution of the aerosol size distribution in an air mass advecting from the east coast of the United States out over the ocean for up to 10 days. The modification of a continental aerosol size distribution to one that is remote marine in character occurs on a timescale of 6-8 days. Nucleation was not observed in the base case 10-day advection simulation which assumed rather typical meteorological conditions. However, significant nucleation was predicted under a more favorable (albeit, atypical) combination of conditions which included significant precipitation scavenging (5 mm h(-1) of rain for 12 hours), colder temperatures by 10 degrees C (283 K at the surface decreasing to 278 K at 1000 m) and a high DMS flux (40 mu mol m(-2) d(-1)). In a test of model self initialization, long-term (8-10 days) predictions of marine aerosol size distributions were found to be essentially independent of initial conditions. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Modeling & Analysis Dept 6421, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Computat Phys Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Fitzgerald, JW (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Code 7228, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fitzgera@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; marti@aveka.com; fgelbar@sandia.gov NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D13 BP 16103 EP 16117 DI 10.1029/98JD01018 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 100RB UT WOS:000074828200011 ER PT J AU Gelbard, F Fitzgerald, JW Hoppel, WA AF Gelbard, F Fitzgerald, JW Hoppel, WA TI A one-dimensional sectional model to simulate multicomponent aerosol dynamics in the marine boundary layer - 3. Numerical methods and comparisons with exact solutions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; ADVECTION EQUATION; CONDENSATION; COAGULATION; GROWTH; EVAPORATION; SYSTEMS AB We present the theoretical framework and computational methods that were used by Fitzgerald et al. [this issue (a), (b)] describing a one-dimensional sectional model to simulate multicomponent aerosol dynamics in the marine boundary layer. The concepts and limitations of modeling spatially varying multicomponent aerosols are elucidated. New numerical sectional techniques are presented for simulating multicomponent aerosol growth, settling, and eddy transport, coupled to time-dependent and spatially varying condensing vapor concentrations. Comparisons are presented with new exact solutions for settling and particle growth by simultaneous dynamic condensation of one vapor and by instantaneous equilibration with a spatially varying second vapor. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Modeling & Anal Dept 6421, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Gelbard, F (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Modeling & Anal Dept 6421, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0739, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM fgelbar@sandia.gov; fitzgera@ccf.nrl.navy.mil NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D13 BP 16119 EP 16132 DI 10.1029/98JD01017 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 100RB UT WOS:000074828200012 ER PT J AU Weber, RJ McMurry, PH Mauldin, L Tanner, DJ Eisele, FL Brechtel, FJ Kreidenweis, SM Kok, GL Schillawski, RD Baumgardner, D AF Weber, RJ McMurry, PH Mauldin, L Tanner, DJ Eisele, FL Brechtel, FJ Kreidenweis, SM Kok, GL Schillawski, RD Baumgardner, D TI A study of new particle formation and growth involving biogenic and trace gas species measured during ACE 1 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; SULFURIC-ACID AEROSOL; NUCLEATION; ATMOSPHERE; NITROGEN; AMMONIA AB Measurements are presented of ambient nanoparticle distributions (2.7 to 10 nm diameter) in regions of high biogenic emissions encountered during the First Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE 1), November 15 to December 14, 1995. Large numbers of newly formed nanoparticles were observed directly downwind of penguin colonies on Macquarie Island(54.5 degrees S, 159.0 degrees W). In these regions, nanoparticle concentrations were also correlated with sulfuric acid (H2SO4(g)) gas concentrations. The measurements show that biogenic species, possibly ammonia (NH3), either by itself or with H2SO4, nucleated to form new particles at rates much higher than bimolecular H2SO4/H2O nucleation. Nanoparticle distributions evolved as air was advected away from the island showing clear evidence of growth of the newly formed particles. Observed growth rates were in the range of 2 to 5 nm h(-1) and were about a factor of 4 to 17 limes higher than the growth by condensing H2SO4(g) and associated water. The cause for fast growth of the newly formed particles is unknown. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Particle Technol Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Weber, RJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Environm Chem Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rweber@bnl.gov; mcmurry@me.umn.edu; mauldin@acd.ucar.edu; tanner@ncar.ucar.edu; eisele@ncar.ucar.edu; fredb@aerosol.atmos.colostate.edu; soniak@aerosol.atmos.colostate.edu; kok@ncar.ucar.edu; rschill@ucar.edu; darrel@ncar.ucar.edu RI McMurry, Peter/A-8245-2008; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011 OI McMurry, Peter/0000-0003-1609-5131; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914 NR 31 TC 130 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 103 IS D13 BP 16385 EP 16396 DI 10.1029/97JD02465 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 100RB UT WOS:000074828200031 ER PT J AU Cramer, C Price, DL Saboungi, ML AF Cramer, C Price, DL Saboungi, ML TI Structure of silver iodide/silver selenate fast-ion-conducting glasses: neutron diffraction experiments SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID INTERMEDIATE-RANGE ORDER; AGI; SCATTERING AB Structure factors, S(Q), of many fast-ion-conducting glasses show peaks at very low momentum-transfer values, (h) over bar Q, which can be attributed to a characteristic intermediate-range order. We report on a neutron diffraction study of the fast-ion-conducting glass-forming system x(AgI)(2).(1-x)Ag2SeO4 with x approximate to 0.5 in the glassy, partly crystallized, and liquid states. The structure factors of the glass and the melt art: similar: the very-low-Q peak (VLQP) at Q approximate to 0.75 Angstrom(-1) survives the melting process and shifts towards higher Q-values with increasing temperature. The partly crystallized glasses show Bragg peaks at around 0.8 Angstrom(-1), whereas no intensity in this Q-range has been observed for crystalline silver selenate. In the glasses, the intensity of the VLQP increases with AgI content and its position shifts towards lower Q. The origin of this peak is discussed. The peaks observed in S(Q) art:assigned to various ionic species, and coordination numbers for these species, are derived from the total pair correlation functions, T(r). C1 Univ Munster, Inst Phys Chem, D-48149 Munster, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Univ Munster, Inst Phys Chem, D-48149 Munster, Germany. RI Price, David Long/A-8468-2013; Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 10 IS 28 BP 6229 EP 6242 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/10/28/005 PG 14 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 104ZK UT WOS:000075047000005 ER PT J AU Fishman, RS Galkin, VY Ortiz, WA AF Fishman, RS Galkin, VY Ortiz, WA TI Susceptibility of dilutely doped CrFe alloys SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID SPIN-DENSITY-WAVE; IMPURITY RESONANCE SCATTERING; MAGNETIC PHASE-DIAGRAMS; CHROMIUM-ALLOYS; TERNARY ALLOYS; FE ALLOYS; ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; TEMPERATURE; CRSI; IRON AB For low dopant concentrations, Fe is the only impurity atom which exhibits Pauli paramagnetism below the Neel temperature T-N of a Cr host. A series of measurements on Cr1-xFex and (Cr-2.7%Fe)(1-x)V-x alloys reveal that the magnetization M is sensitive to the amplitude of the spin-density wave (SDW) below T-N The Fe moment also depends on the period of the SDW and is about 6% larger in the incommensurate than in the commensurate SDW state. Surprisingly, the differential susceptibility dM/dH peaks at the field H-p. which is about 5 kOe for low temperatures and small V concentrations. While H-p increases with the temperature, it decreases with the V and Fe concentrations. These observations may be explained by making the radical assumption that the rigidity of the Fe moment is broken by its interaction with the SDW. Whereas part of the Fe moment is bound to the SDW by the nesting free energy, the remainder experiences a weak effective field exerted by the surrounding SDW and by the ferromagnetically coupled, nearest-neighbour pairs of Fe atoms. The peak in dM/dH occurs when the external field H overcomes the antiferromagnetic field experienced by the single Fe atoms. This model explains the temperature and doping dependence of H-p, as well as the difference between the Fe moments in the commensurate and incommensurate SDW hosts. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Fis, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. IP Bardin Cent Ferrous Met Res Inst, Moscow 107055, Russia. RP Fishman, RS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Fishman, Randy/C-8639-2013; Ortiz, Wilson/K-7379-2012 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 10 IS 28 BP 6347 EP 6366 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/10/28/015 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 104ZK UT WOS:000075047000015 ER PT J AU Kondo, Y Brandan, ME Satchler, GR AF Kondo, Y Brandan, ME Satchler, GR TI Shape resonances and deep optical potentials: A mean-field description of C-12+C-12 scattering at low energies SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE C-12+ C-12 elastic scattering and reaction cross sections at low energies; deep optical potentials; potential resonances; cluster bound states ID REACTION CROSS-SECTION; COLD NUCLEAR-MATTER; OR-EQUAL-TO; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; COULOMB BARRIER; CLUSTER MODEL; MG-24; SYSTEM; STATE; DEPENDENCE AB A critical review is given of the features of C-12 + C-12 elastic scattering at low energies (E-cm less than or equal to 37.5 MeV) which may be ascribed to a mean field, or optical potential, and how this field matches smoothly on to optical model descriptions of the scattering at higher energies (E-cm from 35 to 725 MeV), In particular we examine the proposed shape resonance band at low energy and show that it follows naturally from the use of a deep optical potential such as is required at higher energy. Furthermore we show that such a potential results :in radial wavefunctions with sufficient numbers of nodes to satisfy the requirements of the Pauli principle under antisymmetrization. The reported reaction cross section data appear to be too small and inconsistent with the elastic cross sections measured in the same energy range; in addition, their oscillations with energy are too large in amplitude to be ascribed to spherical mean field effects, Some discussion is also given of the bound states implied by these potentials and their relation to a cluster model of Mg-24. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Kyoto Womens Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Higashiyama Ku, Kyoto 6058051, Japan. Australian Natl Univ, RSPhysSE, Dept Theoret Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Mexico City 01000, DF, Mexico. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kondo, Y (reprint author), Kyoto Womens Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Higashiyama Ku, 35 Kitahiyoshi Cho, Kyoto 6058051, Japan. RI Brandan, Maria-Ester/K-9014-2012 OI Brandan, Maria-Ester/0000-0002-1165-3440 NR 48 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 637 IS 2 BP 175 EP 200 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(98)00212-7 PG 26 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 106AW UT WOS:000075108400001 ER PT J AU Allgower, CE Ball, J Beddo, M Bedfer, Y Boutefnouchet, A Bystricky, J Chamouard, PA Demierre, P Fontaine, JM Ghazikhanian, V Grosnick, D Hess, R Janout, Z Janout, ZF Kalinnikov, VA Kasprzyk, TE Khachaturov, BA Kunne, R Lehar, F de Lesquen, A Lopiano, D Matafonov, VN Pisarev, IL Popov, AA Prokofiev, AN Sans, JL Spinka, HM Teglia, A Usov, YA Vikhrov, VV Vuaridel, B Whitten, CA Zhdanov, AA AF Allgower, CE Ball, J Beddo, M Bedfer, Y Boutefnouchet, A Bystricky, J Chamouard, PA Demierre, P Fontaine, JM Ghazikhanian, V Grosnick, D Hess, R Janout, Z Janout, ZF Kalinnikov, VA Kasprzyk, TE Khachaturov, BA Kunne, R Lehar, F de Lesquen, A Lopiano, D Matafonov, VN Pisarev, IL Popov, AA Prokofiev, AN Sans, JL Spinka, HM Teglia, A Usov, YA Vikhrov, VV Vuaridel, B Whitten, CA Zhdanov, AA TI The pp elastic scattering analyzing power measured with the polarized beam and the unpolarized target between 1.98 and 2.80 GeV SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE proton-proton; elastic scattering; beam and target polarizations; analyzing power; polarimeter ID GEV-C; SATURNE-II; PROTON; REGION; CARBON AB A polarized proton beam extracted from SATURNE II was scattered on an unpolarized CH2 target. The angular distribution of the beam analyzing power A(oono) was measured at large angles from 1.98 to 2.8 GeV and at 0.80 GeV nominal beam kinetic energy. The same observable was determined at the fixed mean laboratory angle of 13.9 degrees in the same energy range. Both measurements are by-products of an experiment measuring the spin correlation parameter A(oonn). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CEA Saclay, Lab Natl Saturne, CNRS IN2P3, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, CEA DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Lab Nucl Problems, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. RP Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 EI 1873-1554 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 637 IS 2 BP 231 EP 242 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(98)00216-4 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 106AW UT WOS:000075108400003 ER PT J AU Werner, M Brandstatter, G Sauerzopf, FM Weber, HW Hoekstra, A Surdeanu, R Wijngaarden, RJ Griessen, R Abulafia, Y Yeshurun, Y Winzer, K Veal, BW AF Werner, M Brandstatter, G Sauerzopf, FM Weber, HW Hoekstra, A Surdeanu, R Wijngaarden, RJ Griessen, R Abulafia, Y Yeshurun, Y Winzer, K Veal, BW TI Comparative study of global and local magnetization measurements on single crystalline high-T-c superconductors SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE SQUID; torque magnetometer; Hall probe array AB The mixed state of several (RE)Ba2Cu3O7-delta single crystals (RE = Y,Yb) was investigated by various measuring techniques. Using an 8 T SQUID magnetometer as a reference, we compare the current densities evaluated from global magnetization measurements (SQUID, torque and VSM) and from a local technique (Hall probe array), Taking the specific time scales of the various measurements into consideration, we obtain excellent agreement at all temperatures from 5 to 77 K. Magneto-optical images of the flux density gradients confirm that the current densities can be calculated on the basis of an extended Bean model, The established correspondence between global and local techniques is of fundamental relevance for future experimental work on the subject. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B,V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Vienna, Atominst, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Inst COMPAS, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Phys & Astron, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. Bar Ilan Univ, Dept Phys, Ramat Gan, Israel. Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys, D-37073 Gottingen, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Weber, HW (reprint author), Univ Vienna, Atominst, A-1020 Vienna, Austria. EM weber@ati.ac.at NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 303 IS 3-4 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(98)00259-7 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 113HH UT WOS:000075544500005 ER PT J AU Romano, P Chen, J Zasadzinski, J AF Romano, P Chen, J Zasadzinski, J TI Josephson and quasiparticle tunneling in SIS junctions of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 and Bi2Sr2CuO6 (vol 295, pg 15, 1998) SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Correction C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Sci & Technol Ctr Superconductiv, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Romano, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 303 IS 3-4 BP 311 EP 311 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 113HH UT WOS:000075544500014 ER PT J AU Kharzeev, D Pisarski, RD Tytgat, MHG AF Kharzeev, D Pisarski, RD Tytgat, MHG TI Possibility of spontaneous parity violation in hot QCD SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHIRAL PHASE-TRANSITION; LARGE N; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; GOLDSTONE BOSON; CHROMODYNAMICS; DYNAMICS AB We argue that for QCD in the limit of a large number of colors, the axial U(1) symmetry of massless quarks is effectively restored at the deconfining phase transition. If this transition is of second order, metastable states in which parity is spontaneously broken can appear in the hadronic phase. These metastable states have dramatic signatures, including enhanced production of eta and eta' mesons, which can decay through parity violating decay processes such as eta --> pi(0)pi(0), and global parity odd asymmetries for charged pions. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Free Univ Brussels, Serv Phys Theor, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. RP Kharzeev, D (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, RIKEN, Res Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 32 TC 188 Z9 192 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 3 BP 512 EP 515 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.512 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 100XJ UT WOS:000074840400005 ER PT J AU Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adam, I Adams, DL Adams, M Ahn, S Aihara, H Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Astur, R Baarmand, MM Babukhadia, L Baden, A Balamurali, V Balderston, J Baldin, B Banerjee, S Bantly, J Barberis, E Bartlett, JF Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bertram, I Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Biswas, N Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, P Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Boswell, C Brandt, A Brock, R Bross, A Buchholz, D Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chang, SM Chekulaev, SV Chen, LP Chen, W Choi, S Chopra, S Choudhary, BC Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Coban, WG Cochran, J Coney, L Cooper, WE Cretsinger, C Cullen-Vidal, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Dahl, OI Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Denisov, D Denisov, SP Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Dugad, SR Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Finocchiaro, G Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Forden, GE Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gartung, P Gavrilov, V Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gibbard, B Glenn, S Gobbi, B Goldschmidt, A Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, DR Greenlee, H Grinstein, S Grudberg, P Grunendahl, S Guglielmo, G Guida, JA Guida, JM Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hernandez-Montoya, R Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hsieh, F Hu, T Hu, T Huehn, T Ito, AS James, E Jaques, J Jerger, SA Jesik, R Jiang, JZY Joffe-Minor, T Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Jun, SY Jung, CK Kahn, S Kalbfleisch, G Kang, JS Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kelly, ML Kim, CL Kim, SK Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Kohli, JM Koltick, D Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kourlas, J Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kuleshov, S Kumori, S Landry, F Landsberg, G Laner, B Leflat, A Li, H Li, J Li-Demarteau, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Liu, YC Lobkowicz, F Loken, SC Lokos, S Lueking, L Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Madden, R Magana-Mendoza, L Manankov, V Mani, S Mao, HS Markeloff, R Marshall, T Martin, MI Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McKibben, T McKinley, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miettinen, H Mincer, A Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Mooney, P da Motta, H Murphy, C Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Narayanan, A Neal, HA Negret, JP Nemethy, P Norman, D Oesch, L Oguri, V Oliveira, E Oltman, E Oshima, N Owen, D Padley, P Para, A Park, YM Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pischalnikov, Y Pope, BG Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramirez, O Rasmussen, L Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sanchez-Hernandez, A Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Sculli, J Shabalina, E Shaffer, C Shanker, HC Shivpuri, RK Shupe, M Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Smart, W Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Souza, M Spadafora, AL Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stevenson, ML Stewart, D Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, M Streets, K Strovink, M Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tarazi, J Tartaglia, M Thomas, TLT Thompson, J Trippe, TG Tuts, PM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vititoe, D Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, G Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Wightman, JA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Won, E Wood, DR Xu, H Yamada, R Yamin, P Yang, J Yasuda, T Yepes, P Yoshikawa, C Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Y Zhou, Z Zhu, ZH Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A AF Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adam, I Adams, DL Adams, M Ahn, S Aihara, H Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Astur, R Baarmand, MM Babukhadia, L Baden, A Balamurali, V Balderston, J Baldin, B Banerjee, S Bantly, J Barberis, E Bartlett, JF Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bertram, I Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Biswas, N Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, P Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Boswell, C Brandt, A Brock, R Bross, A Buchholz, D Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chang, SM Chekulaev, SV Chen, LP Chen, W Choi, S Chopra, S Choudhary, BC Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Coban, WG Cochran, J Coney, L Cooper, WE Cretsinger, C Cullen-Vidal, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Dahl, OI Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Denisov, D Denisov, SP Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Dugad, SR Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Finocchiaro, G Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Forden, GE Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gartung, P Gavrilov, V Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gibbard, B Glenn, S Gobbi, B Goldschmidt, A Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, DR Greenlee, H Grinstein, S Grudberg, P Grunendahl, S Guglielmo, G Guida, JA Guida, JM Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hernandez-Montoya, R Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hsieh, F Hu, T Hu, T Huehn, T Ito, AS James, E Jaques, J Jerger, SA Jesik, R Jiang, JZY Joffe-Minor, T Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Jun, SY Jung, CK Kahn, S Kalbfleisch, G Kang, JS Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kelly, ML Kim, CL Kim, SK Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Kohli, JM Koltick, D Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kourlas, J Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kuleshov, S Kumori, S Landry, F Landsberg, G Laner, B Leflat, A Li, H Li, J Li-Demarteau, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Liu, YC Lobkowicz, F Loken, SC Lokos, S Lueking, L Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madaras, RJ Madden, R Magana-Mendoza, L Manankov, V Mani, S Mao, HS Markeloff, R Marshall, T Martin, MI Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McKibben, T McKinley, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miettinen, H Mincer, A Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Mooney, P da Motta, H Murphy, C Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Narayanan, A Neal, HA Negret, JP Nemethy, P Norman, D Oesch, L Oguri, V Oliveira, E Oltman, E Oshima, N Owen, D Padley, P Para, A Park, YM Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pischalnikov, Y Pope, BG Prosper, HB Protopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramirez, O Rasmussen, L Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sanchez-Hernandez, A Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Sculli, J Shabalina, E Shaffer, C Shanker, HC Shivpuri, RK Shupe, M Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Smart, W Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Souza, M Spadafora, AL Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stevenson, ML Stewart, D Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, M Streets, K Strovink, M Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tarazi, J Tartaglia, M Thomas, TLT Thompson, J Trippe, TG Tuts, PM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vititoe, D Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, G Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Wightman, JA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Won, E Wood, DR Xu, H Yamada, R Yamin, P Yang, J Yasuda, T Yepes, P Yoshikawa, C Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Y Zhou, Z Zhu, ZH Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A CA DO Collaboration TI Search for heavy pointlike dirac monopoles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTON AB We have searched for central production of a pair of photons with high transverse energies in pp collisions at root s = 1.8 TeV using 70 pb(-1) of data collected with the DO detector at the Fermilab Tevatron in 1994-1996. If they exist, virtual heavy pointlike Dirac monopoles could rescatter pairs of nearly real photons into this final state via a box diagram. We observe no excess of events above background, and set lower 95% C.L. limits of 610, 870, or 1580 GeV/c(2) on the mass of a spin 0, 1/2, or 1 Dirac monopole. C1 NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95626 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungsung Univ, Pusan 608736, South Korea. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Moscow State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142284, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Univ Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. CE SACLAY, Serv Phys Particules, DAPNIA, CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Abbott, B (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Chekulaev, Sergey/O-1145-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016; Belyaev, Alexander/F-6637-2015; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015; Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013 OI Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108; Baarmand, Marc/0000-0002-9792-8619; Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775; Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; NR 22 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 3 BP 524 EP 529 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.524 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 100XJ UT WOS:000074840400008 ER PT J AU Ohrwall, G Baltzer, P Bozek, J AF Ohrwall, G Baltzer, P Bozek, J TI Rotational branching ratios in N-2(+): Observation of photon energy dependence by photoelectron spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; PHOTOIONIZATION; RESOLUTION; SPECTRUM; ELECTRON; LINE; N2; INTENSITY; NITROGEN AB Rotational line profiles have been studied as a function of photon energy by use of photoelectron spectroscopy. The relative squared multipole moment matrix elements of the X (1)Sigma(g)(+) (nu = 0) --> X 2 Sigma(g)(+) (nu = 0) transition of N-2 have been determined from the relative intensities of rotational branches for photon energies between 23 and 65 eV. The; relative intensities, and hence the multipole moment matrix elements of the rotational branches, are clearly dependent on photon energy. This non-Franck-Condon-like behavior can be explained by a shape resonance in the 3 sigma(g) --> k sigma(u) ionization channel. C1 Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ohrwall, G (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 3 BP 546 EP 549 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.546 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 100XJ UT WOS:000074840400013 ER PT J AU Murakami, Y Hill, JP Gibbs, D Blume, M Koyama, I Tanaka, M Kawata, H Arima, T Tokura, Y Hirota, K Endoh, Y AF Murakami, Y Hill, JP Gibbs, D Blume, M Koyama, I Tanaka, M Kawata, H Arima, T Tokura, Y Hirota, K Endoh, Y TI Resonant X-ray scattering from orbital ordering in LaMnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; LA1-XCAXMNO3; OXIDES; SYSTEM; STATE; FILMS AB Dipole resonant x-ray scattering from ordered Mn 3d orbitals in LaMnO3 has been observed near the Mn K-absorption edge. The polarization of the scattered photons is rotated from sigma to pi' and the azimuthal angle dependence shows a characteristic twofold symmetry. A theory for the resonant scattering mechanism has been developed by considering the splitting of the Mn 4p levels due to the Mn 3d orbital ordering. The order parameter of the orbital ordering decreases above the Neel temperature (T-N = 140 K) and disappears at T-0 = 780 K, concomitant with a structural phase transition. C1 High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Photon Factory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. CREST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Inst Mat Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. JRCAT, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050046, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. RP Murakami, Y (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Photon Factory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. RI Hirota, Kazuma/C-6797-2008; Arima, Taka-hisa/G-9217-2012; Tokura, Yoshinori/C-7352-2009 NR 28 TC 479 Z9 483 U1 3 U2 68 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 3 BP 582 EP 585 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.582 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 100XJ UT WOS:000074840400022 ER PT J AU Krishnan, S Ansell, S Felten, JJ Volin, KJ Price, DL AF Krishnan, S Ansell, S Felten, JJ Volin, KJ Price, DL TI Structure of liquid boron SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The structure factor S(Q) and the pair distribution function g(r) has been measured for liquid boron in the temperature range 2600-2000 K, extending over both the normal and supercooled liquid states. The bond length and coordination number of the first coordination shell are similar to those reported for the crystalline and amorphous solid forms, but the second and third coordination shells are broader and shifted to higher distances. The insulator-metal transition that takes place in boron upon melting is associated with a relatively small change in both volume and short-range order. C1 Containerless Res Inc, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Krishnan, S (reprint author), Containerless Res Inc, 906 Univ Pl, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RI Price, David Long/A-8468-2013 NR 19 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 3 BP 586 EP 589 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.586 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 100XJ UT WOS:000074840400023 ER PT J AU Agamalian, M Iolin, E Rusevich, L Glinka, CJ Wignall, GD AF Agamalian, M Iolin, E Rusevich, L Glinka, CJ Wignall, GD TI Back-face Bragg diffraction from a perfect and ultralightly deformed thick crystal SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The intensity of neutrons Bragg diffracted from the back face of a 9 mm thick slab-shaped Si(lll) analyzer crystal has been measured experimentally at the ORNL double crystal diffractometer and calculated theoretically. The back-face rocking curve of a strain-free perfect crystal contains two symmetrical peaks which become asymmetrical under an ultrasmall static deformation strain (bending with a radius of tens of km). The asymmetry is shown to be a sensitive measure of both the magnitude and direction of bending. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inst Phys Energet, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Agamalian, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244; Agamalian, Michael/0000-0002-9112-2534 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 3 BP 602 EP 605 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 100XJ UT WOS:000074840400027 ER PT J AU Wolverton, C Zunger, A AF Wolverton, C Zunger, A TI First-principles prediction of vacancy order-disorder and intercalation battery voltages in LixCoO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALLOYS AB We present a first-principles technique for predicting the ordered vacancy ground states, intercalation voltage profiles, and voltage-temperature phase diagrams of Li intercalation battery electrodes. Application to the LixCoO2 system yields correctly the observed ordered vacancy phases. We further predict the existence of additional ordered phases, their thermodynamic stability ranges, and their intercalation voltages in LixCoO2/Li battery cells. Our calculations provide insight into the remarkable electronic stability of this system with respect to Li removal: A rehybridization of the Co-O orbitals acts to restore charge to the Co site ("self-regulating response"), thereby minimizing the effect of the perturbation. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Wolverton, C (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Wolverton, Christopher/B-7542-2009; Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 14 TC 135 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 32 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 3 BP 606 EP 609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.606 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 100XJ UT WOS:000074840400028 ER PT J AU Cobden, DH Bockrath, M McEuen, PL Rinzler, AG Smalley, RE AF Cobden, DH Bockrath, M McEuen, PL Rinzler, AG Smalley, RE TI Spin splitting and even-odd effects in carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONIC STATES; QUANTUM-DOT AB The level spectrum of a single-walled carbon nanotube rope, studied by transport spectroscopy, shows Zeeman splitting in a magnetic field parallel to the tube axis. The pattern of splittings implies that the spin of the ground state alternates by 1/2 as consecutive electrons are added. Other aspects of the Coulomb blockade characteristics, including the current-voltage traces and peak heights, also show corresponding even-odd effects. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rice Univ, Rice Quantum Inst, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Houston, TX 77251 USA. RP Cobden, DH (reprint author), Niels Bohr Inst, Oersted Lab, Univ Pk 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM cobden@fys.ku.dk NR 16 TC 198 Z9 198 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 3 BP 681 EP 684 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.681 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 100XJ UT WOS:000074840400047 ER PT J AU Cote, M Grossman, JC Cohen, ML Louie, SG AF Cote, M Grossman, JC Cohen, ML Louie, SG TI Electron-phonon interactions in solid C-36 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOPED C-60; RAMAN-SCATTERING; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; RBXC60; TC AB Among the experimentally observed structures of molecular C-36, OUT calculations show that the structure with D-6h symmetry is one of the two most energetically favorable. Based on this result and the fact that D-6h is conducive to forming a periodic system, we propose a new solid phase of carbon using C-36 fullerenes as a basis. Full structural relaxations and electronic density of states are evaluated using an ab initio pseudopotential plane wave method within the local density approximation. The calculated electron-phonon interaction potential is found to be substantially enhanced compared to C-60, leading to the possibility of larger superconducting transition temperatures than in alkali-doped C-60 solids. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cote, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Cote, Michel/H-3942-2012 OI Cote, Michel/0000-0001-9046-9491 NR 30 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 3 BP 697 EP 700 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.697 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 100XJ UT WOS:000074840400051 ER PT J AU Tjeng, LH de Groot, FMF Sawatzky, GA Sinkovic, B Brookes, NB Goedkoop, JB Hesper, R Altieri, S Pellegrin, E Hulbert, SL AF Tjeng, LH de Groot, FMF Sawatzky, GA Sinkovic, B Brookes, NB Goedkoop, JB Hesper, R Altieri, S Pellegrin, E Hulbert, SL TI Comment on "Local electronic and magnetic structure of Ni below and above T-c: A spin-resolved circularly polarized resonant photoemission study" - Tjeng et al. reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID NICKEL; 2P C1 Univ Groningen, Solid State Phys Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tjeng, LH (reprint author), Univ Groningen, Solid State Phys Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. RI de Groot, Frank/A-1918-2009; Sawatzky, George/D-2997-2012 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 3 BP 734 EP 734 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.734 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 100XJ UT WOS:000074840400061 ER PT J AU Overbury, SH Radulovic, PV Thevuthasan, S Herman, GS Henderson, MA Peden, CHF AF Overbury, SH Radulovic, PV Thevuthasan, S Herman, GS Henderson, MA Peden, CHF TI Ion scattering study of the Zn and oxygen-terminated basal plane surfaces of ZnO SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ion scattering spectroscopy; low-energy ion scattering; low-index single crystal surfaces; surface structure; zinc oxide ID CRYSTAL SURFACES; STABILITY; H2O AB The zinc-terminated, ZnO(0001)-Zn, and the oxygen-terminated, ZnO(0001)-O polar surfaces have been studied by low-energy alkali ion scattering. Single scattering analysis shows that both surfaces exhibit a surface structure that is bulk-terminated. No evidence is found for registry shifts at the surface or substantial quantities of point defects such as Zn or O vacancies as may be expected to relieve charge imbalance at the surface. Comparison with the results of computer simulation confirms the bulk-terminated structure, but fails to quantify the interlayer spacing. A less satisfactory agreement between experiment and computer simulation is obtained for the Zn-terminated surface than for the O-terminated surface. It is found that, due to interference of multiple scattering from second and third layers, layer spacings cannot be trivially extracted from single scattering analysis. However, specific scattering conditions are identified for the oxygen-terminated surface, where spacing in the first O-Zn double layer can be obtained. This spacing is found to be nearly identical to the bulk value. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Overbury, SH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bldg 4500N,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM overburysh@ornl.gov RI Overbury, Steven/C-5108-2016; OI Overbury, Steven/0000-0002-5137-3961; Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 24 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD JUL 20 PY 1998 VL 410 IS 1 BP 106 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0039-6028(98)00307-0 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 107JP UT WOS:000075204900011 ER PT J AU Salvadori, MC Galvao, RM Monteiro, OR Brown, IG AF Salvadori, MC Galvao, RM Monteiro, OR Brown, IG TI Scanning probe microscopy of vacuum-arc-deposited metallic and diamond-like carbon thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; carbon; plasma processing and deposition; scanning tunneling microscopy ID ION-IMPLANTATION; BOMBARDMENT AB We report on some scanning probe microscopy observations of the morphology of both metallic and diamond-like carbon thin films formed using a vacuum are plasma deposition method with ion energy control. The metal films investigated were Cu, Mo, Ta and W, and the diamond-like carbon films were hydrogen-free and with sp(3):sp(2) fraction (i.e. diamond content) up to as high as 85%; film thicknesses were 300-2000 Angstrom. The microscopy was done using both atomic force and scanning tunneling modes. We found that all of the films were smooth to the one or two atomic-layer level. The atomic-level smoothness of the films and the ability to modify their microstructure makes them attractive for a number of fundamental and technological applications. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05389970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Monteiro, OR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Mail Stop 53-103, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Salvadori, Maria Cecilia/A-9379-2013; Galvao, Ricardo/J-9858-2012 NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 18 PY 1998 VL 325 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 23 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(98)00420-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 106AF UT WOS:000075107000005 ER PT J AU Theis, CD Yeh, J Schlom, DG Hawley, ME Brown, GW AF Theis, CD Yeh, J Schlom, DG Hawley, ME Brown, GW TI Adsorption-controlled growth of PbTiO3 by reactive molecular beam epitaxy SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE PbTiO3; oxide MBE; adsorption-control; ozone; thin film; epitaxy ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; TITANATE THIN-FILMS; LASER ABLATION TECHNIQUE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PREFERRED ORIENTATION; DOMAIN-STRUCTURE; SUBSTRATE; SRTIO3; GAAS; TEMPERATURE AB Epitaxial lead titanate films have been grown on (001) SrTiO3 substrates by reactive molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Growth of stoichiometric phase-pure epitaxial PbTiO3 films is achieved by supplying a continuous excess of lead and ozone to the surface of the depositing film. Results obtained from RES composition analysis, measured film thicknesses and flux measurements using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA) indicate that the film growth rate is completely determined by the incident titanium flux supplied to the surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results show that films grow smoothly in a layer-by-layer fashion with an RMS roughness of < 0.5 nm. The sticking coefficient of titanium is determined to be approximately unity while the excess lead, lead oxide and ozone desorb. Lead and ozone beam equivalent pressures have been measured in the MBE environment. Thermodynamic analysis is used to help describe the processes that prevent the incorporation of PbO into films under adsorption-controlled growth conditions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schlom, DG (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RI Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; Schlom, Darrell/J-2412-2013 OI Schlom, Darrell/0000-0003-2493-6113 NR 58 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 18 PY 1998 VL 325 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(98)00507-0 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 106AF UT WOS:000075107000018 ER PT J AU Bai, GR Zhang, H Foster, CM AF Bai, GR Zhang, H Foster, CM TI Preparation of YVO4 thin films by metal organic chemical vapor deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE chemical vapor deposition (CVD); epitaxy; organometallic vapor deposition AB YVO4 films were reproducibly prepared on (0001) and (<11(2)over bar 0>) sapphire (alpha-Al2O3) substrates using metal organic chemical vapor deposition. X-Ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to characterize the deposited films. It was found that under most growth conditions the films deposited on (0001) sapphire consisted of two layers, i.e. a stoichiometric bottom layer of YVO4 which was epitaxially grown on the substrate and a polycrystalline top layer of Y8V2O17. The effect of growth parameters, in particular the growth temperature, on the stability of the dual layer structured films was studied and a working model explaining the origin of dual layer structure was suggested. Based on these observations the method for the preparation of stoichiometric epitaxial one layer-structured YVO4 films with either an in-plane variant or a single crystal structure on (0001) and (<11(2)over bar 0>) sapphire (alpha-Al2O3) substrates, respectively, was presented. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bai, GR (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 18 PY 1998 VL 325 IS 1-2 BP 115 EP 122 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(98)00508-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 106AF UT WOS:000075107000019 ER PT J AU Pal, T Narayanan, VA Stokes, DL Vo-Dinh, T AF Pal, T Narayanan, VA Stokes, DL Vo-Dinh, T TI Surface-enhanced Raman detection of nicotinamide in vitamin tablets SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Raman; surface-enhanced Raman scattering; nicotinamide; Vitamin B-3 ID SILVER ELECTRODE; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; SCATTERING ANALYSIS; SPECTRA; ACID; SPECTROMETRY; PYRIDINE; SENSOR; DYES AB Nicotinamide is analyzed quantitatively in vitamin tablets using surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) on a silver-coated alumina substrate. Calibration curve of SERS signal intensity versus concentration of nicotinamide was established for quantitative analysis of this compound for detection at parts per million (ppm) level, SERS spectra of related compounds, nicotine, nicotinic acid, isonicotinic acid, and isonicotinamide were also recorded. Salient features of their spectra are compared and discussed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Vo-Dinh, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUL 17 PY 1998 VL 368 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0003-2670(98)00192-5 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ZW179 UT WOS:000074383600003 ER PT J AU Chemerisov, SD Werst, DW Trifunac, AD AF Chemerisov, SD Werst, DW Trifunac, AD TI Electron spin relaxation and rotational dynamics of tetramethylethylene radical cation in ZSM5 SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION MOLECULE REACTIONS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; INTERNAL-ROTATION; METHYL-GROUP; ACETIC-ACID; ZEOLITES; ADSORPTION; MATRICES; EPR; RADIOLYSIS AB Electron spin relaxation and methyl rotation dynamics of the tetramethylethylene radical cation in ZSM5 were examined to probe the zeolite-guest and sorbate-sorbate interactions. T1 and T2 relaxation times and the intensity of the E lines due to tunneling rotation of methyl groups were measured as a function of temperature, sorbate loading and co-adsorbed argon. The EPR results demonstrate that site heterogeneity and sorbate-induced lattice distortions can affect the measured quantities. Sorbate-sorbate interactions, when they occur, can also be detected. (C) 1998. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Trifunac, AD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 17 PY 1998 VL 291 IS 3-4 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1016/S0009-2614(98)00628-9 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 105BH UT WOS:000075052000002 ER PT J AU Mantuano, E Trettel, F Olsen, AS Lennon, G Frontali, M Jodice, C AF Mantuano, E Trettel, F Olsen, AS Lennon, G Frontali, M Jodice, C TI Localization and genomic structure of human deoxyhypusine synthase gene on chromosome 19p13.2 distal 19p13.1 SO GENE LA English DT Article DE hypusine biosynthesis; DHPS gene isoforms; cell proliferation ID EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR-5A; INHIBITION; EXPRESSION; HYPUSINE; CDNA; PROLIFERATION; FEATURES; DIAMINES; PROTEIN; CLONING AB The amino acid hypusine is formed post-translationally in a single cellular protein, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A, by two enzymes, namely deoxyhypusine synthase and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase. Hypusine is found in all eukaryotes and in some archaebacteria, but not in eubacteria. The deoxyhypusine synthase cDNA was cloned and mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization on chromosome 19p13.11-p13.12. Rare cDNAs containing internal deletions were also found. We localized the deoxyhypusine synthase gene on a high resolution cosmid/BAC contig map of chromosome 19 to a region in 19p13.2-distal 19p13.1 between MANB and JUNB. Analysis of the genomic exon/intron structure of the gene coding region showed that it consists of nine exons and spans a length of 6.6 kb. From observation of the genomic structure, it seems likely that the internally deleted forms of mature RNA are the result of alternative splicing, rather than of artifacts. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Biochim, I-00133 Rome, Italy. CNR, Ist Med Sperimentale, I-00137 Rome, Italy. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Jodice, C (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento Biochim, Via Ric Sci, I-00133 Rome, Italy. OI iodice, carla/0000-0002-1549-5005; trettel, flavia/0000-0002-7983-2955; Mantuano, Elide/0000-0003-1656-5543 FU Telethon [E.0355] NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD JUL 17 PY 1998 VL 215 IS 1 BP 153 EP 157 DI 10.1016/S0378-1119(98)00254-6 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 109JG UT WOS:000075317900017 PM 9666110 ER PT J AU Koh, JH Broyles, BS Guan-Sajonz, H Hu, MZC Guiochon, G AF Koh, JH Broyles, BS Guan-Sajonz, H Hu, MZC Guiochon, G TI Consolidation and column performance of several packing materials for liquid chromatography in a dynamic axial compression column SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE axial compression; stationary phases, LC; preparative chromatography; silica; alumina ID PREPARATIVE CHROMATOGRAPHY; BEHAVIOR AB The mechanical properties of four different packing materials for preparative liquid chromatography were investigated. Their compression kinetics and consolidation behavior were measured under dynamic compression stress in a 5-cm LD. axial compression column. The internal and external porosities, the packing density, the permeability, and the efficiency of these columns were also measured. The materials studied included two spherical silica-based materials for preparative chromatography, NovaPak C-81 (6 mu m) and Hyperprep HS BDS C-18 (12 mu m), another octadecyl bonded silica material made of irregular shaped particles, Baker 1-130 C-18 (130 mu m), and an unmodified alumina (50 mu m) The first two packing materials showed much higher mechanical stability than the third one which experienced extensive particle breakage under high compression stress. The material with the smallest spherical particles (average size, 6 mu m) gave a stable, rigid column, but, either because it contains fine particles or because of a small degree of particle breakage, it caused problems. Maintenance after unpacking a column and cleaning the piston frit was difficult. This could lead to a significant decrease of the productivity. The behavior of the fourth column material, unmodified alumina, is very different from the ones of all silica-based materials so far studied; it is not superior to that of the three silica-based materials presented here. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. OI Hu, Michael/0000-0001-8461-9684 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 17 PY 1998 VL 813 IS 2 BP 223 EP 238 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00318-5 PG 16 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 103FB UT WOS:000075146500003 ER PT J AU Bowman, KO Eddings, W Kastenbaum, MA Shenton, LR AF Bowman, KO Eddings, W Kastenbaum, MA Shenton, LR TI Sister chromatid exchange data and Gram-Charlier series SO MUTATION RESEARCH-FUNDAMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE chi-squared; factorial moment; Gram; Gram-Charlier distribution; negative binomial distribution; distribution; orthogonal polynomial AB Bowman et al, [K.O. Bowman, M.A. Kastenbaum, L.R. Shenton, Fitting multi-parameter distributions to SCE data, Mutat. Res., 358 (1996) 15-24.] showed how discrete Pearson and discrete Johnson translation-system distributions may be fitted to sister chromatid exchange (SCE) data presented by Bender et al. [M.A. Bender, R.J. Preston, R.C. Leonard, B.E. Pyatt, P.C. Gooch, On the distribution of spontaneous SCE in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, Mutat. Res., 281 (1992) 227-232.]. When their performances were measured by the chi-squared test of goodness of fit, these distributions proved to be only moderately better alternatives to the poorly fitting Poisson, binomial, and negative binomial distributions. In this paper, we extend our search for better characterizations of the SCE data by calling upon the Gram-Charlier type B approximation of the negative binomial distribution. We introduce an innovative extension of methods described in a little-known paper by Aitken and Gonin [A.C. Aitken, H.T. Gonin, On fourfold sampling with and without replacement, Proc. R. Sec. Edinburgh, 55 (1934) 114-125.], and show how this leads to fits of the SCE data that, in general, are within acceptable levels of probability. Moreover, we show how a theorem by Cramer [H. Cramer, Mathematical Methods of Statistics, Princeton Univ. Press, 1946.], relating to the scale factor m(2)/m(1)' and its asymptotic distribution, may be used to discriminate between smokers and nonsmokers of the same gender. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Bowman, KO (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, POB 2008,Bldg 6012, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0027-5107 J9 MUTAT RES-FUND MOL M JI Mutat. Res.-Fundam. Mol. Mech. Mutagen. PD JUL 17 PY 1998 VL 403 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 169 DI 10.1016/S0027-5107(98)00075-X PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 110TE UT WOS:000075395800017 PM 9726016 ER PT J AU Savikhin, S Buck, DR Struve, WS AF Savikhin, S Buck, DR Struve, WS TI Toward level-to-level energy transfers in photosynthesis: The Fenna-Matthews-Olson protein SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL-A-PROTEIN; BACTERIUM CHLOROBIUM-TEPIDUM; LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; PUMP-PROBE SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITED-STATE STRUCTURE; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; PROSTHECOCHLORIS-AESTUARII; OPTICAL-SPECTRA; ANTENNA COMPLEX; CHLOROFLEXUS-AURANTIACUS AB The trimeric Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) protein is a bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) a antenna complex, whose X-ray structure is now known at the atomic level for two green sulfur bacterial species (Prosthecochloris aestuarii and Chlorobium tepidum). Its steady-state Q(y) absorption spectrum at low temperature exhibits considerable structure, with at least eight bands attributable to well-defined (groups of) BChl a exciton levels. The low-temperature absorption difference spectra of Cb, tepidum trimers excited at 789 nm are correspondingly multifeatured, and they show rich spectral evolution due to femtosecond and picosecond electronic energy transfers. Global analyses of these time-dependent Delta A spectra lead to a phenomenological scenario for cascading and branching among exciton level groups responsible for specific steady-state absorption bands, The missing link in our understanding of structure-function causality in this protein stems from a lack of an ab initio theory for the effects of known protein environments on BChl a transition energies; this problem still limits our insights into the workings of spectrally heterogeneous antennas with multiple nonequivalent pigment sites. Optical anisotropy studies strongly suggest that FMO excitations are typically localized to the 7 BChl a pigments within one protein subunit, rather than delocalized over the whole trimer, This localization occurs because the resonance couplings between BChls belonging to different subunits (<20 cm(-1)) are several times smaller than the diagonal energy disorder (similar to 70 cm(-1)). Strong oscillations appear in the anisotropies (similar to 220 fs period) for pump-probe wavelengths that simultaneously overlap both of the exciton level groups responsible for the 825 and 815 nm bands in the a, spectrum, These are not vibational coherences, but arise from quantum beating between levels with nearly perpendicular transition moments. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Struve, WS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 65 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 16 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 29 BP 5556 EP 5565 DI 10.1021/jp981186f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 103HE UT WOS:000075151300003 ER PT J AU Lin, SY Fleming, JG Hetherington, DL Smith, BK Biswas, R Ho, KM Sigalas, MM Zubrzycki, W Kurtz, SR Bur, J AF Lin, SY Fleming, JG Hetherington, DL Smith, BK Biswas, R Ho, KM Sigalas, MM Zubrzycki, W Kurtz, SR Bur, J TI A three-dimensional photonic crystal operating at infrared wavelengths SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BAND-GAP AB The ability to confine and control light in three dimensions would have important implications for quantum optics and quantum-optical devices: the modification of black-body radiation, the localization of light to a fraction of a cubic wavelength, and thus the realization of single-mode light-emitting diodes, are but a few examples(1-3). Photonic crystals-the optical analogues of electronic crystal-provide a means for achieving these goals. Combinations of metallic and dielectric materials can be used to obtain the required three-dimensional periodic variations in dielectric constant, but dissipation due to free carrier absorption will limit application of such structures at the technologically useful infrared wavelengths(4), On the other hand, three-dimensional photonic crystals fabricated in low-loss gallium arsenide show only a weak 'stop band' (that is, range of frequencies at which propagation of light is forbidden) at the wavelengths of interest(5), Here we report the construction of a three-dimensional infrared photonic crystal on a silicon wafer using relatively standard microelectronics fabrication technology, Our crystal shows a large stop band (10-14.5 mu m), strong attenuation of light within this band (similar to 12 dB per unit cell) and a spectral response uniform to better than 1 per cent over the area of the 6-inch wafer. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Lin, SY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM SLIN@sandia.gov NR 17 TC 836 Z9 854 U1 8 U2 146 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 16 PY 1998 VL 394 IS 6690 BP 251 EP 253 DI 10.1038/28343 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 101CK UT WOS:000074851900039 ER PT J AU Sellinger, A Weiss, PM Nguyen, A Lu, YF Assink, RA Gong, WL Brinker, CJ AF Sellinger, A Weiss, PM Nguyen, A Lu, YF Assink, RA Gong, WL Brinker, CJ TI Continuous self-assembly of organic-inorganic nanocomposite coatings that mimic nacre SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM FORMATION; MESOPOROUS SILICA; INTERFACES; NUCLEATION; GROWTH; LAYER AB Nanocomposite materials are widespread in biological systems. Perhaps the most studied is the nacre of abalone shell, an orientated coating composed of alternating layers of aragonite (CaCO3) and a biopolymer. Its laminated structure simultaneously provides strength, hardness and toughness: containing about 1 vol. % polymer, nacre is twice as hard and 1,000 times as tough as its constituent phases(1). Such remarkable properties have inspired chemists and materials scientists to develop synthetic, 'biomimetic' nanocomposite assemblies(2-5), Nonetheless, the efficient processing of layered organic-inorganic composites remains an elusive goal, Here we report a rapid, efficient self-assembly process for preparing nanolaminated coatings that mimic the structure of nacre. Beginning with a solution of silica, surfactant and organic monomers, we rely on evaporation during dip-coating to induce the formation of micelles and partitioning of the organic constituents into the micellar interiors(6). Subsequent self-assembly of the silica-surfactant-monomer micellar species into lyotropic mesophases(7) simultaneously organizes the organic and inorganic precursors into the desired nanolaminated form. Polymerization fixes this structure, completing the nanocomposite assembly process. This approach may be generalized both to other composite architectures and to other materials combinations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, NSF, Ctr Microengn Mat, Adv Mat Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RP Brinker, CJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 1001 Univ Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. RI Sellinger, Alan/C-6250-2015 OI Sellinger, Alan/0000-0001-6705-1548 NR 30 TC 432 Z9 452 U1 21 U2 211 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUL 16 PY 1998 VL 394 IS 6690 BP 256 EP 260 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 101CK UT WOS:000074851900041 ER PT J AU Brenner, AJ Stampfer, MR Aldaz, CM AF Brenner, AJ Stampfer, MR Aldaz, CM TI Increased p16 expression with first senescence arrest in human mammary epithelial cells and extended growth capacity with p16 inactivation SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE p16(INK4a); p21(WAF1); immortal; extended life; breast ID HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16; HUMAN FIBROBLASTS; BREAST-CANCER; IMMORTALIZATION; CULTURE; METHYLATION; GENE; P16(INK4A); CODELETION; P16/CDKN2 AB Aberrations affecting the tumor suppressor gene p16(INK4a) have been described for a variety of tumors. In breast cancer, approximately 50% of tumors show low or lack p16 expression. While evidence provided by some studies has implicated a possible role for p16 in normal replicative senescence, other studies have suggested that the Rb, pathway through which p16 functions, may not be involved in senescence control. Previously we observed that all immortal lines derived from normal mammary epithelium which were analysed for p16 displayed inactivation of this gene through distinct mechanisms, supporting p16 inactivation as a possible necessary event in escape from senescence. To further clarify this issue, we have analysed p16 expression in a panel of normal finite lifespan human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) from initial propagation through growth arrest, using media which confer different replicative capacity. Approximately 10-25-fold increase in pld expression was observed for all normal HMEC with initial onset of a senescence phenotype following 15-25 population doublings in culture. These cells also displayed expression of the senescence associated beta-galactosidase, Interestingly, HMEC with additional long term replicative capacity (approximately 80 population doublings) arose from these growth arrested cultures, showing lack of pld expression. This extended growth capacity appears to be associated with a methylation phenomenon since treatment of these cells with the methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine resulted in growth arrest concurrent with reacquisition of p16 expression and senescence associated beta-galactosidase. Analysis of p21waf1 expression revealed no change in expression during growth in vitro. These results support p16(INK4a) as the 9p senescence gene and suggest a role for p16 loss in the escape from initial onset of senescence and in acquisition of an extended life span of human mammary epithelial cells. C1 Univ Texas, Md Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Carcinogenesis, Div Res, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Aldaz, CM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Md Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Carcinogenesis, Div Res, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-24844] NR 30 TC 186 Z9 187 U1 0 U2 5 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD JUL 16 PY 1998 VL 17 IS 2 BP 199 EP 205 DI 10.1038/sj.onc.1201919 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA ZZ211 UT WOS:000074706700008 PM 9674704 ER PT J AU Bender, A Poulis, GI Roberts, CD Schmidt, S Thomas, AW AF Bender, A Poulis, GI Roberts, CD Schmidt, S Thomas, AW TI Deconfinement at finite chemical potential SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE field theory at finite chemical potential; pion properties; confinement; dynamical chiral symmetry breaking; Dyson-Schwinger equations ID QCD; CONFINEMENT; PROPAGATOR; MATTER AB In a confining, renormalisable, Dyson-Schwinger equation model of two-flavour QCD we explore the chemical-potential dependence of the dressed-quark propagator, which provides a means of determining the behaviour of the chiral and deconfinement order parameters, and low-energy pion observables. We find coincident, first order deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration transitions at mu(c) = 375 MeV. f(pi) is insensitive to mu until mu approximate to mu(o): = 0.7 mu(c) when it begins to increase rapidly. m(pi) is weakly dependent on mu, decreasing slowly with mu and reaching a minimum 6% less than its mu = 0 value at mu = mu(o). In a two-flavour free-quark gas at mu = mu(c) the baryon number density would be approximately 3 rho(o), where rho(o) = 0.16 fm(-3); while in such a gas at mu(o) the density is rho(o). (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Special Res Ctr Subatom Struct Mat, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Rostock, Fachbereich Phys, D-18051 Rostock, Germany. RP Bender, A (reprint author), Univ Adelaide, Dept Phys & Math Phys, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. RI Thomas, Anthony/G-4194-2012; OI Thomas, Anthony/0000-0003-0026-499X; Roberts, Craig/0000-0002-2937-1361 NR 23 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 16 PY 1998 VL 431 IS 3-4 BP 263 EP 269 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00546-2 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 104WX UT WOS:000075040000005 ER PT J AU Arkani-Hamed, N Dine, M Martin, SP AF Arkani-Hamed, N Dine, M Martin, SP TI Dynamical supersymmetry breaking in models with a Green-Schwarz mechanism SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID ABELIAN SYMMETRY; YUKAWA TEXTURES; STRING THEORIES; MASS MATRICES; SOFT TERMS; U(1) AB We consider supersymmetry breaking in theories with gaugino condensation in the presence of an anomalous U(1) symmetry with anomaly cancellation by the Green-Schwarz mechanism. In these models, a Fayet-Iliopoulos -D-term can give important contributions to the soft supersymmetry-breaking scalar masses. Most discussions of this possibility have ignored the dilaton field. We argue that this is not appropriate in general, and show that the F-term contributions to the soft breaking terms are comparable to or much larger than the D-term contributions, depending on how the dilaton is stabilized. We discuss phenomenological implications of these results. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Arkani-Hamed, N (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 31 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 16 PY 1998 VL 431 IS 3-4 BP 329 EP 338 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00494-8 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 104WX UT WOS:000075040000013 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K della Volpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K della Volpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Easo, S El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falagan, MA Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gataullin, M Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW van Gulik, R Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hidas, P Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Iashvili, I Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Marchesini, P Marian, G Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG Mazumdar, K McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Pothier, J Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yang, HJ Yang, M Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F Zilizi, G CA L3 Collaboration TI Search for the standard model Higgs boson in e(+)e(-) interactions at root s=183GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO PROGRAM; PAIR PRODUCTION; ENERGIES AB A search for the Standard Model Higgs boson is performed with the L3 detector at LEP. The data sample, corresponding to a luminosity of 55.3 pb(-1), was collected at an average centre-of-mass energy of 182.7 GeV, No Higgs signal is observed, leading to a lower limit on the Higgs boson mass of 87.6 GeV at the 95% confidence level. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. NIKHEF, Natl Inst High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, CNRS, IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Hungarian Acad Sci, Cent Res Inst Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Univ Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. World Lab, FBLJA Project, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. SEFT, Res Inst High Energy Phys, SF-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Lyon 1, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, CNRS, IN2P3, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Cyprus, Dept Nat Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus. Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Phys, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. INFN, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Santiago, Dept Fis Particulas Elementales, E-15706 Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Mechatron & Instrumentat, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35486 USA. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. NIKHEF, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. DESY, Inst Hochenergiephys, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Acciarri, M (reprint author), Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RI Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Yang, Haijun/O-1055-2015 OI Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 16 PY 1998 VL 431 IS 3-4 BP 437 EP 450 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00568-1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 104WX UT WOS:000075040000027 ER PT J AU Holm, DD Marsden, JE Ratiu, TS AF Holm, DD Marsden, JE Ratiu, TS TI The Euler-Poincare equations and semidirect products with applications to continuum theories SO ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS LA English DT Review ID DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY; INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID; HAMILTONIAN-DYNAMICS; STABILITY ANALYSIS; PEAKED SOLITONS; MEAN-FLOW; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; DIFFEOMORPHISMS; DISSIPATION; EQUILIBRIA AB We study Euler-Poincare systems (i.e., the Lagrangian analogue of Lie-Poisson Hamiltonian systems) defined on semidirect product Lie algebras. We first give a derivation of the Euler-Poincare equations for a parameter dependent Lagrangian by using a variational principle of Lagrange d'Alembert type. Then we derive an abstract Kelvin-Noether theorem for these equations. We also explore their relation with the theory of Lie-Poisson Hamiltonian systems defined on the dual of a semidirect product Lie algebra. The Legendre transformation in such cases is often not invertible; thus, it does not produce a corresponding Euler-Poincare system on that Lie algebra. We avoid this potential difficulty by developing the theory of Euler-Poincare systems entirely within the Lagrangian framework. We apply the general theory to a number of known examples, including the heavy top, ideal compressible fluids and MHD. We also use this framework to derive higher dimensional Camassa-Holm equations, which have many potentially interesting analytical properties. These equations are Euler-Poincare equations for geodesics on diffeomorphism groups (in the sense of the Arnold program) but where the metric is H-1 rather than L-2. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Math, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Holm, DD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B284, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Holm, Darryl D/0000-0001-6362-9912 NR 101 TC 396 Z9 398 U1 7 U2 27 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0001-8708 J9 ADV MATH JI Adv. Math. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 137 IS 1 BP 1 EP 81 DI 10.1006/aima.1998.1721 PG 81 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA ZZ251 UT WOS:000074710700001 ER PT J AU Worley, CG Havrilla, GJ AF Worley, CG Havrilla, GJ TI Micro-X-ray fluorescence characterization of mixed oxide fuel surrogate feed material SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT X-Ray Conference CY AUG, 1997 CL DENVER, COLORADO ID RESOLUTION AB Mixed oxide (MOX) fuel feed material surrogates composed of Ga2O3 in CeO2 were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and micro-X-ray fluorescence (MXRF). This work is significant because MOX fuel contains trace levels of Ga2O3 that could potentially damage the fuel cladding. Because a majority of Ga2O3 is extracted during MOX fuel feed processing via reduction to volatile and mobile Ga2O, XRF spatially resolved spot analyses, line scans, and elemental maps were acquired to determine the gallium distribution in surrogate pellets. These modes of analyses, when combined, provided a comprehensive picture Of the sample gallium dispersal. The surrogate pellets were reduced at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1200 degrees C with 6% hydrogen in argon, and the internal gallium was found to migrate toward the outer surface and top of the pellets. This process was more kinetically favorable with increasing reduction temperature. Different quantities of surrogate powders were also reduced from 600 to 1200 degrees C, and XRF quantitative analysis demonstrated that more gallium was eliminated from the smaller sample lots (as well as at higher temperatures) due to the hydrogen diffusing more effectively into the smaller mass powder samples. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Havrilla, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS G740, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 14 BP 2957 EP 2963 DI 10.1021/ac9713924 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 100RP UT WOS:000074829400028 ER PT J AU Hill, SC Barnes, MD Lermer, N Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM AF Hill, SC Barnes, MD Lermer, N Whitten, WB Ramsey, JM TI Simulation of single-molecule photocount statistics in microdroplets SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CONFOCAL FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; LEVITATED MICRODROPLETS; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; BIOTECHNOLOGY; RHODAMINE-6G; DIFFUSION; MODEL AB We present results of detailed calculations of photocount statistics for single molecules in microdroplets. A Monte Carlo approach is used to simulate effects of molecular occupancy, photobleaching, and fluorophor spatial diffusion within the droplet. The excitation rate and fraction of fluorescence collected are both position-dependent, and are computed using classical and semiclassical formalisms. Differences in the single-molecule photocount distributions (and consequently molecular detection efficiencies) are predicted for cases where the RMS diffusion length is either small or large compared to the droplet diameter on the measurement time scale. These calculations provide semiquantitative estimates of molecular detection efficiencies and illustrate some of the unique optical features of a microdroplet approach to single molecule detection. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Barnes, MD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 14 BP 2964 EP 2971 DI 10.1021/ac971319d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 100RP UT WOS:000074829400029 ER PT J AU Barshick, SA Griest, WH AF Barshick, SA Griest, WH TI Trace analysis of explosives in seawater using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography ion trap mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EXTRACTION; SAMPLES; OPTIMIZATION; METABOLITES; WATER; SPME AB Complex matrixes typically cannot be analyzed directly to obtain the selectivity and sensitivity required for most trace analysis applications. To circumvent this problem, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) techniques were used to preconcentrate analytes selectively prior to gas chromatographic/ion trap mass spectrometric analysis. This approach was applied to the trace analysis of explosives and their metabolites in seawater. The choice of SPME sorbent phase was shown to be important especially for the amino metabolites of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and RDX, which were extracted better on polar phases. Although equilibration times were quite lengthy, on the order of 30 min or greater, a sampling time of only 10 min was shown to be sufficient for achieving low part-per-billion (ppb) to part-per-trillion (ppt) detection limits for TNT and the amino metabolites in real seawater samples. While SPME was ideal for rapid screening of explosives in seawater samples, methods for improving the reproducibility and accuracy of quantification are still being investigated. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barshick, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 25 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 14 BP 3015 EP 3020 DI 10.1021/ac980060b PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 100RP UT WOS:000074829400036 ER PT J AU Sluiter, MHF Weinert, M Kawazoe, Y AF Sluiter, MHF Weinert, M Kawazoe, Y TI Determination of the elastic tensor in low-symmetry structures SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONSTANTS AB A method for determining the elastic constants of low-symmetry crystal structures with internal coordinates through the computation of the Hellmann-Feynman forces is described. The approach applies to cases where previous methods were impractical, namely cases where the macroscopic strains are coupled to the internal degrees of freedom. The approach is illustrated for triclinic CaP3, which has 12 internal degrees of freedom. In non-cubic structures invariances must be imposed on the force constants, regardless of whether those interatomic force constants were obtained from a supercell- or from a linear-response approach. Moreover, it is shown that important aspects of crystal bonding are easily analyzed in terms of the force constants. C1 Tohoku Univ, Mat Res Inst, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 98077, Japan. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sluiter, MHF (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Mat Res Inst, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 98077, Japan. RI Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki/C-2998-2011; Sluiter, Marcel/E-6086-2010 OI Sluiter, Marcel/0000-0002-6514-4318 NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 43 IS 2 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1209/epl/i1998-00338-1 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 102LP UT WOS:000074926100013 ER PT J AU Thomsen, MF Borovsky, JE McComas, DJ Elphic, RC Maurice, S AF Thomsen, MF Borovsky, JE McComas, DJ Elphic, RC Maurice, S TI The magnetospheric response to the CME passage of January 10-11, 1997, as seen at geosynchronous orbit SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA ANALYZER; SPACECRAFT AB The response of the magnetosphere to the passage of the January 10-11, 1997 coronal mass ejection (CME) is described from the vantage point of geosynchronous orbit. Salient aspects of the observed response include 1) the global compression of the magnetosphere, including plasma sheet density enhancements and geosynchronous magnetopause crossings; 2) strongly stretched magnetotail field, with attendant substorm activity; 3) enhanced magnetospheric convection, leading to plasmaspheric erosion and dayside drainage; 4) no detectable superdense plasma sheet; and 5) propagating plasma-sheet density fronts. The various aspects are related to the variations in the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field impinging on the magnetosphere. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thomsen, MF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 14 BP 2545 EP 2548 DI 10.1029/98GL00514 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 101UJ UT WOS:000074886300022 ER PT J AU Li, XL Baker, DN Temerin, M Cayton, T Reeves, GD Araki, T Singer, H Larson, D Lin, RP Kanekal, SG AF Li, XL Baker, DN Temerin, M Cayton, T Reeves, GD Araki, T Singer, H Larson, D Lin, RP Kanekal, SG TI Energetic electron injections into the inner magnetosphere during the Jan. 10-11, 1997 magnetic storm SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MARCH 24; SIMULATION; SAMPEX; SOLAR; SSC AB At the end of the main phase of the Jan. 10-11, 1997 magnetic storm, a rapid enhancement of 0.4-1.6 MeV electrons across L = 4.2-6 was measured by particle detectors on the Solar, Anomalous, and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX) and three Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. This enhancement, over two orders of magnitude at L = 4.2-5, occurred around 11:00 UT on Jan. 10, when the AE index reached similar to 2000 nT and when a solar wind pressure pulse arrived. Using data from multiple satellites and ground stations, we determine that the rapid enhancement of 0.4-1.6 MeV electrons in the magnetosphere at L = 4.2-6 was due to a combination of intense substorm activity during the early part of the magnetic storm which produced a source population and the following pressure pulse which quickly energized some of these electrons by moving them into stronger magnetic field. C1 Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, SSL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Kyoto Univ, Dept Geophys, Kyoto 606, Japan. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Hughes STX, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Li, XL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, LASP, 1234 Innovat Dr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011 OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098 NR 15 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 14 BP 2561 EP 2564 DI 10.1029/98GL00036 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 101UJ UT WOS:000074886300026 ER PT J AU Russell, CT Zuelsdorf, RS Strangeway, RJ Franz, R AF Russell, CT Zuelsdorf, RS Strangeway, RJ Franz, R TI Identification of the cloud pulse responsible for a trans-ionospheric pulse pair SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION AB The Blackbeard VHF radio receiver on the Alexis satellite detects pairs of broadband chirps, each lasting about four microseconds. These chirps are separated by several tens of microseconds and extend in frequency to over 166 MHz. The characteristics of these signals suggest that they are caused by electrical discharges in the Earth's atmosphere, but there is some debate as to whether the discharges occur in the middle atmosphere or within tropospheric clouds. Previously, by comparing the time of the occurrence of these Trans-Ionsopheric Pulse Pairs (TIPPs) with the occurrence of electric pulses recorded by the National Lightning Detection Network, we have found that they are associated with events classified as positive cloud pulses. Herein we examine one TIPP event that is associated with a near simultaneous (0.75 ms) detection at two stations of the ground network allowing us to determine that the causative event occurred over southeastern Kansas. Knowing the longitude and latitude of the pulse, we show that the interchirp separation time is consistent with the generation of the first chirp of the pair at 8 km altitude followed by the ground reflection of that signal to produce the second chirp of the TIPP. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Russell, CT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, 3845 Slichter Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI Russell, Christopher/0000-0003-1639-8298 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 14 BP 2645 EP 2648 DI 10.1029/98GL52028 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 101UJ UT WOS:000074886300047 ER PT J AU Phillips, WS Randall, GE Taylor, SR AF Phillips, WS Randall, GE Taylor, SR TI Path correction using interpolated amplitude residuals: An example from central China SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PROPAGATION; CENTRAL-ASIA; LG; DISCRIMINATION; EXCITATION; EURASIA AB To isolate effects of the laterally varying lithosphere on regional seismograms, we geographically smoothed source- and distance-corrected amplitudes from 853 events recorded at station LZH in central China. This procedure was applied to P-n, P-g, S-n and L-g phases and various coda windows for eight bands between 0.5 and 8 He. We assume smoothing reduces effects such as source radiation, leaving an estimate of the path effect that can be used to correct data. A cross-validation procedure showed that path corrections performed best with low-frequency Lg data, reducing variance up to 39% for 1 Hz L-g, and up to 57% for 0.75 He P/L-g ratios, compared to correction for distance alone. These corrections reduce scatter in magnitude estimates and discriminant ratios without needing to know detailed geological structure and will be important for effective test-ban monitoring. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Phillips, WS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, MS C335, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 14 BP 2729 EP 2732 DI 10.1029/98GL51940 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 101UJ UT WOS:000074886300069 ER PT J AU Owens, JW Perry, M Seybert, DW AF Owens, JW Perry, M Seybert, DW TI Adducts of nitric oxide with cobaltous tetraphenylporphyrin and phthalocyanines: potential nitric oxide sorbents SO INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE cobalt complexes; porphyrin complexes; nitric oxide complexes; phthalocyanine complexes ID SPIN AB Cobaltous tetraphenylporphyrin (Co(II)TPP) and cobaltous phthalocyanine (Co(LI)Pc) complexes were studied in a variety of solvents, including water. The imidazole and nitrosyl adducts were synthesized and characterized by W-Vis spectrophotometry and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The imidazole adducts were subsequently exposed to nitric oxide to study the competitive interactions between nitrosyl and imidazole ligands in these cobaltous compounds. This is important, since it has been suggested that aqueous solutions of cobaltous porphyrins and phthalocyanines can serve as denitrification agents when bound to an immobilized imidazole modified silica gel (IMSG) substrate. Our results indicate that while nitric oxide binds both Co(II)TPP and Co(II)Pc in organic solvents in the absence of a bound imidazole ligand, it will not bind when imidazole is axially bound to the cobalt ion. Neither Co(II)TPP nor Co(II)Pc are water soluble and both will dimerize in water. A water soluble NO sorbent which does not dimerize in water would be ideal for removing NO from flue gas streams. The Co(II)PcTs(IMSG) appears to meet these requirements. Preliminary results indicate that aqueous suspensions of Co(II)PcTs(IMSG) are capable of NO removal from a gas stream passed through these suspensions and may thus be suitable candidates for further development as NO sorbents for NOx abatement. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Southern Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Adv Crosscutting Technol Div, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. RP Owens, JW (reprint author), Southern Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70813 USA. EM jowens8960@aol.com NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0020-1693 J9 INORG CHIM ACTA JI Inorg. Chim. Acta PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 277 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA ZY691 UT WOS:000074649700001 ER PT J AU Schoessow, P Conde, ME Gai, W Konecny, R Power, J Simpson, J AF Schoessow, P Conde, ME Gai, W Konecny, R Power, J Simpson, J TI High power radio frequency generation by relativistic beams in dielectric structures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAKE-FIELD AB We have studied the interaction of a high current electron beam with dielectric loaded waveguides as a source of electromagnetic radiation. A unique high current photoinjector-based electron linac was used to generate the drive beam for these experiments, and the fields generated were diagnosed using a trailing probe (witness) beam from a second photocathode gun. Traveling wave dielectric structures with luminal (upsilon(phase)=c) frequencies of 15 and 20 GHz were used. The radio frequency power levels generated in these initial experiments were very large-up to 11 MW. [S0021-8979(98)07214-4] C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schoessow, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 12 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 2 BP 663 EP 667 DI 10.1063/1.368119 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108GM UT WOS:000075257800001 ER PT J AU Madan, A Wang, YY Barnett, SA Engstrom, C Ljungcrantz, H Hultman, L Grimsditch, M AF Madan, A Wang, YY Barnett, SA Engstrom, C Ljungcrantz, H Hultman, L Grimsditch, M TI Enhanced mechanical hardness in epitaxial nonisostructural Mo/NbN and W/NbN superlattices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID YIELD STRESS; GROWTH; FILMS; NANOINDENTATION; MULTILAYERS; INTERFACE; LOAD; TIN AB Epitaxial Mo/NbN and W/NbN superlattices with modulation wavelengths Lambda ranging from 1.3 to 120 nm were grown on MgO (001) substrates by de reactive magnetron sputtering in Ar/N-2 mixtures. The superlattices were shown to be epitaxial with nearly planar layers using high- and low-angle x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Computer simulation fits of the x-ray data indicated that interface widths were less than or equal to 0.3 nm. The epitaxial relationship between the layers was (001)(metal)parallel to(001)(NbN) and [110](metal)parallel to[100](NbN). The nanoindenter microhardness values from W/NbN and Mo/NbN superlattices with 50 vol % metal were nearly identical. The largest hardnesses were 30 GPa, observed at superlattice periods Lambda = 2-3 nm, compared to rule-of-mixtures values of 10 GPa. The hardness decreased with increasing Lambda above approximate to 3 nm, following the dependences H = 10.3 + 26.70 Lambda(-0.38) GPa for Mo/NbN and H = 12.88 +22.1 Lambda(-0.3) GPa for W/NbN. Hardness versus metal volume fraction with Lambda approximate to 5 nm showed a flat-topped dependence. Brillouin scattering results for Mo/NbN superlattices showed a minor elastic anamoly at small Lambda. The hardness results are compared with theories for strengthening of multilayers. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(98)01914-8] C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys, Thin Film Phys Div, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Madan, A (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM a-madan@nwu.edu RI Barnett, Scott/B-7502-2009 NR 46 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 2 BP 776 EP 785 DI 10.1063/1.368137 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108GM UT WOS:000075257800019 ER PT J AU Friessnegg, T Boudreau, M Mascher, P Knights, A Simpson, PJ Puff, W AF Friessnegg, T Boudreau, M Mascher, P Knights, A Simpson, PJ Puff, W TI Defect structure of carbon rich a-SiC : H films and the influence of gas and heat treatments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS-SILICON-CARBIDE; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; ALLOYS; SURFACES AB A comprehensive study of carbon rich a-SiC:H films using optical absorption measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal desorption measurements, atomic force microscopy, and positron lifetime and Doppler-broadening techniques suggests that open volumes are formed in the films, due to incomplete breaking of the source molecule during film deposition. These open volumes are interconnected and can effectively trap gases from the ambient, during the film growth or after deposition. With increasing temperature the gases are desorbed from the internal surfaces of these open volumes and are released from the sample. This increases the areal density of the defects and is observable in positronium formation and annihilations of positrons with surface electrons. The growth of a nanocrystalline structure is observable upon annealing. At sufficiently high temperatures thermal breaking of Si-H and C-H bonds occurs and results in irreversible structural changes and film densification due to new C-C bond formation in the film. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(98)00114-5] C1 Graz Tech Univ, Inst Kernphys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. McMaster Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Ctr Electrophoton Mat & Devices, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys, Positron Beam Lab, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. RP Friessnegg, T (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Dept Appl Sci, Bldg 480, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM friessn@bnl.gov OI Mascher, Peter/0000-0002-8108-0334 NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 2 BP 786 EP 795 DI 10.1063/1.368138 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108GM UT WOS:000075257800020 ER PT J AU Crone, BK Davids, PS Campbell, IH Smith, DL AF Crone, BK Davids, PS Campbell, IH Smith, DL TI Device model investigation of single layer organic light emitting diodes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLYMER; VINYLENE); MOBILITY AB We present calculations of single layer organic light emitting diode (LED) characteristics using a device model which includes charge injection, transport, recombination, and space charge effects in the organic material. Contact limited and ohmic contacts, high and low carrier mobilities, and device thicknesses from 5 to 200 nm are considered. The scaling of device current with applied voltage bias and organic film thickness is described for contact limited and ohmic contacts. Calculated device current, light output, and quantum and power efficiency are presented for representative cases of material and device parameters. These results are interpreted using the calculated spatial variation of the electric field, charge density, and recombination rate density in the devices. We find that efficient single layer organic LEDs are possible for a wide range of organic material and contact parameters. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(98)03814-6] C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Crone, BK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM crone@lanl.gov RI Davids, Paul/D-1550-2010 NR 23 TC 84 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 2 BP 833 EP 842 DI 10.1063/1.368144 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108GM UT WOS:000075257800026 ER PT J AU Osgood, RM Pearson, JE Sowers, CH Bader, SD AF Osgood, RM Pearson, JE Sowers, CH Bader, SD TI Coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity in epitaxial GdN/W/NbN/W (100) and related NbN/W (100) multilayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERLATTICES; GROWTH; FILMS AB The magnetic and superconducting properties of epitaxial, (100)-oriented GdN/W/NbN/W multilayers have been characterized. We find that the interfacial layer of W permits the GdN/NbN layers to be grown smoothly. We report large flux trapping effects in the magnetic hysteresis loops measured below the superconducting transition temperature (T-c) of the multilayer, indicating the coexistence of magnetism and superconductivity down to layer thicknesses of 40 and 22 Angstrom for the NbN and GdN, respectively. Nonmagnetic NbN/W multilayers were also studied; in these multilayers, T-c is enhanced considerably above that of a single NbN layer due to coupling of the superconducting layers across the W spacers. This behavior is fitted to a model which explicitly includes interlayer coupling. [S0021-8979(98)04014-6]. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Osgood, RM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 2 BP 940 EP 944 DI 10.1063/1.368169 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108GM UT WOS:000075257800042 ER PT J AU Stearns, DG Gaines, DP Sweeney, DW Gullikson, EM AF Stearns, DG Gaines, DP Sweeney, DW Gullikson, EM TI Nonspecular x-ray scattering in a multilayer-coated imaging system SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM GROWTH; INTERFACIAL ROUGHNESS; MO/SI MULTILAYERS; MIRRORS; REFLECTION; MECHANISMS; QUALITY AB We present a rigorous theoretical treatment of nonspecular x-ray scattering in a distributed imaging system consisting of multilayer-coated reflective optics. The scattering from each optical surface is obtained using a vector Scattering theory that incorporates a thin film growth model to provide a realistic description of the interfacial roughness of the multilayer coatings. The theory is validated by comparing calculations based on measured roughness to experimental measurements of nonspecular scattering from a Mo-Si multilayer coating. The propagation of the scattered radiation through the optical system is described in the context of transfer function theory. We find that the effect of nonspecular scattering is to convolve the image with a point spread function that is independent of the coherence of the object illumination. For a typical soft x-ray imaging system, the scattering within the image field from the multilayer coatings is expected to be slightly greater than for single surfaces las normalized to the reflectivity). This is because the roughness of the coatings includes both replication of the substrate roughness and the intrinsic roughness of the multilayer growth process. Our analysis indicates that the current multilayer coating technology is capable of producing soft x-ray imaging systems that have acceptably low levels of scattering, provided that the optical substrates are sufficiently smooth. [S0021-8979(98)02214-2]. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stearns, DG (reprint author), OS Associates, 1174 Castro St,Suite 250, Mt View, CA 94040 USA. EM healthst@ricochet.net NR 48 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 84 IS 2 BP 1003 EP 1028 DI 10.1063/1.368098 PG 26 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108GM UT WOS:000075257800052 ER PT J AU Dikanov, SA Davydov, RM Graslund, A Bowman, MK AF Dikanov, SA Davydov, RM Graslund, A Bowman, MK TI Two-dimensional ESEEM spectroscopy of nitrogen hyperfine couplings in methemerythrin and azidomethemerythrin SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR DOUBLE-RESONANCE; METHANE MONOOXYGENASE; PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; HYDROXYLASE COMPONENT; PHTHALATE DIOXYGENASE; QUADRUPOLE-RESONANCE; 2-DIMENSIONAL ESEEM; PSEUDOMONAS-CEPACIA; RIESKE PROTEIN; DIIRON CENTER AB The application of a two-dimensional ESEEM spectroscopy, known as HYSCORE, to the study of the hyperfine couplings from the nitrogens of histidine and azide ligands in mixed-valent states of methemerythrin and azidomethemerythrin produced by low-temperature (77 K) gamma-irradiation is described. The HYSCORE spectra contain groups of well-separated cross-peaks from directly coordinated and remote histidine nitrogens, and from nitrogens of the azide ligand. The observation of cross-features correlating double-quantum transitions allows direct estimation of the hyperfine couplings from all coordinated histidine nitrogens of semimethemerythrin which vary between 5 and 15 MHz as well as their changes upon azide binding. The results obtained show that two-dimensional spectroscopy provides significantly more information compared to one-dimensional techniques for;the characterization of the paramagnetic centers involving large numbers of magnetically nonequivalent nuclei. This work forms the basis for the application of two-dimensional ESEEM in conjunction with low-temperature reduction for the detailed characterization of nitrogen coordination in diiron centers in proteins of unknown crystal structure. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Stockholm Univ, Dept Biophys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Dikanov, SA (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Dept Chem, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. RI Bowman, Michael/F-4265-2011 OI Bowman, Michael/0000-0003-3464-9409 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 120 IS 27 BP 6797 EP 6805 DI 10.1021/ja9742343 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 101EK UT WOS:000074856500022 ER PT J AU Huhmann-Vincent, J Scott, BL Kubas, GJ AF Huhmann-Vincent, J Scott, BL Kubas, GJ TI Highly electrophilic [Re(CO)(4)(PR3)](+) center binds Et2O and CH2Cl2 and heterolytically activates H-2 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL DIHYDROGEN COMPLEXES; BOND ACTIVATION; DICHLOROMETHANE; RHENIUM; ALKYL; COORDINATION; GENERATION; HYDROGEN; REAGENT; LIGANDS C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kubas, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, MS J514, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 36 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 120 IS 27 BP 6808 EP 6809 DI 10.1021/ja980212k PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 101EK UT WOS:000074856500024 ER PT J AU Wisutmethangoon, S Kelly, TF Flinn, JE Camus, PP Larson, DJ Miller, MK AF Wisutmethangoon, S Kelly, TF Flinn, JE Camus, PP Larson, DJ Miller, MK TI APFIM and TEM investigations of precipitation in rapidly solidified 316 stainless steel SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 07-11, 1997 CL NATL RES INST MET, TSUKUBA, JAPAN HO NATL RES INST MET DE APFIM; rapid solidification process; 316 stainless steel ID NITROGEN AB 316 stainless steel has been rapid solidification-processed (RSP) by gas atomization and hot extrusion of the powder with the intent of improving the mechanical properties through fine-scale precipitation. Vanadium, nitrogen and oxygen have been introduced intentionally as alloying elements for this purpose. The yield strength after solution heat treatment of the RSP alloy is 450 MPa. By ageing at 600 degrees C for 1000 h, the yield strength increases to 615 MPa with little loss of ductility (53% reduction of area). The ultimate tensile strength after cold work and ageing is 922 MPa. The morphology and composition of the precipitates in this steel have been investigated using APFIM and TEM techniques in order understand the origin of the high strength. A high numbered density (approximate to 2x10(21) m(-3)) of 25 nm plate-like precipitates was observed with TEM in an aged specimen. The composition of these precipitates was analyzed using APFIM techniques, and was found to be a complex nitride of Cr, V, Fe, Ni and Mo. This nitride precipitate was not found in an unaged specimen of this alloy. These precipitates are responsible for improving mechanical properties by dispersion strengthening. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kelly, TF (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 250 IS 1 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00534-6 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 101NT UT WOS:000074875600008 ER PT J AU Miller, MK Russell, KF Pareige, P Starink, MJ Thomson, RC AF Miller, MK Russell, KF Pareige, P Starink, MJ Thomson, RC TI Low temperature copper solubilities an Fe-Cu-Ni SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 07-11, 1997 CL NATL RES INST MET, TSUKUBA, JAPAN HO NATL RES INST MET DE solubility; atom probe field ion microscopy; Fe-Cu ID FIELD-ION MICROSCOPY AB An atom probe characterization of the copper concentration in the matrix of a model Fe-1.1at.%Cu-1.4% Ni alloy has been performed after isothermal ageing for various extended times at low temperatures. The matrix copper concentrations from material annealed at 500, 550 and 600 degrees C are approximately 10% lower than the equilibrium values predicted from the Thermocalc(TM) program with the Kaufman database. Isothermal annealing for 4000 h at either 400 or 300 degrees C was not sufficient to attain the equilibrium copper concentration. The kinetics of copper precipitation was investigated with the Starink-Zahra model derived for nucleation and growth reactions and a good fit with the atom probe data was found for an activation energy of 250 kJ mol(-1). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy & Microanalyt Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Rouen, Fac Sci, UMR 6634 CNRS, Grp Met Phys, F-76821 Mt St Aignan, France. Loughborough Univ Technol, Inst Polymer Technol & Mat Engn, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy & Microanalyt Sci Grp, MS 6376,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Thomson, Rachel/B-4217-2011; PAREIGE, Philippe/A-2588-2013 OI Thomson, Rachel/0000-0002-3681-0107; NR 15 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 250 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00535-8 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 101NT UT WOS:000074875600009 ER PT J AU Larson, DJ Miller, MK AF Larson, DJ Miller, MK TI Precipitation and segregation in alpha(2)+gamma titanium aluminides SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 07-11, 1997 CL NATL RES INST MET, TSUKUBA, JAPAN HO NATL RES INST MET DE atom probe field ion microscopy; TiAl; segregation; precipitation ID ALLOYS; PHASE AB Precipitation and segregation of the alloying elements in alpha(2) + gamma Ti-47at.% Al-2% Cr-1.8% Nb doped with 0.15 at.% B and 0.20 at.% W in both a stress-relieved and an aged condition were investigated by atom probe field ion microscopy. The boron concentrations were found to be significantly depleted below the nominal alloy content in both the alpha(2) and gamma phases in both the stress-relieved and aged alloys. The majority of the boron was in a variety of borides including TiB, TIB2 and (Ti,Cr)(2)B. An initial rejection of tungsten and chromium from the gamma phase in the stress-relieved alloy was observed to reverse upon aging. Tungsten and chromium were also observed to segregate to both alpha(2)-gamma and gamma-gamma interfaces. The average tungsten coverage at the lamellar interfaces in the stress-relieved alloy was determined to be 2.3% W. In the aged alloy, a chromium enhancement in the gamma phase near alpha 2-gamma interfaces was observed. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy & Microanalyt Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Larson, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy & Microanalyt Sci Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 250 IS 1 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00537-1 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 101NT UT WOS:000074875600011 ER PT J AU Larson, DJ Miller, MK AF Larson, DJ Miller, MK TI In-situ micro-twinning of TiAl in the field ion microscope SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 07-11, 1997 CL NATL RES INST MET, TSUKUBA, JAPAN HO NATL RES INST MET DE atom probe field ion microscopy; microtwinning; twin boundary; TiAl ID ATOM PROBE; TRANSFORMATION; PROPAGATION; STRESS; INSITU; ALLOYS; PHASE AB Stress-induced transformations were observed in the gamma phase of a two phase TiAl alloy and were manifested by the sudden appearance of newly formed regions in the field ion image having significant contrast difference from the matrix. This in-situ transformation was often accompanied by a slight shift of all or part of the atoms in the field ion image. The TiAl alloy investigated was found to be particularly prone to specimen failure on the application of the electric field, which suggests that the formation of these twin regions can lead to an unstable specimen geometry. Different types of contrast were observed depending on the position and orientation of the twinned region with respect to the previously untransformed gamma matrix. Twinned regions may appear with dark or bright contrast in the field ion image and ultrathin microtwins can be generated that are similar in appearance to thin a, laths. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy & Microanalyt Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Larson, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy & Microanalyt Sci Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 EI 1873-4936 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 250 IS 1 BP 72 EP 76 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00538-3 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 101NT UT WOS:000074875600012 ER PT J AU Thomson, RC Russell, KF Miller, MK AF Thomson, RC Russell, KF Miller, MK TI Phase separation in a Ni-37 at% Co-5% Nb alloy SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 07-11, 1997 CL NATL RES INST MET, TSUKUBA, JAPAN HO NATL RES INST MET DE atom probe field ion microscopy; phase separation; solid solution strengthening AB Microstructural characterization has been performed on the decomposition in a Ni-37 at.% Co-5% Nb alloy during ageing at 500 degrees C For times up to 501 h. Atom probe field ion and transmission electron microscopy data revealed a fine scale phase separation involving a Ni3Nb phase and a Go-enriched matrix. This phase separation explains the inability of a solid solution strengthening model which was developed to predict the yield stress for ternary Ni-M-Nb alloys. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Loughborough Univ Technol, Inst Polymer Technol & Mat Engn, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy & Microanalyt Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Thomson, RC (reprint author), Loughborough Univ Technol, Inst Polymer Technol & Mat Engn, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. RI Thomson, Rachel/B-4217-2011 OI Thomson, Rachel/0000-0002-3681-0107 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 250 IS 1 BP 104 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00544-9 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 101NT UT WOS:000074875600018 ER PT J AU Sijbrandij, SJ Miller, MK Horton, JA Cao, WD AF Sijbrandij, SJ Miller, MK Horton, JA Cao, WD TI Atom probe analysis of nickel-based superalloy IN-718 with boron and phosphorus additions SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 07-11, 1997 CL NATL RES INST MET, TSUKUBA, JAPAN HO NATL RES INST MET DE atom probe; field ion microscopy; microanalysis; nickel-based superalloys; IN-718 AB The effects of controlled additions of boron and phosphorus to nickel-based superalloy IN-718 have been investigated by atom probe field ion microscopy in specimens subjected to a long term heat treatment (6 months at 704 degrees C). The predominant gamma, gamma' and gamma " phases were found to be depleted in boron and phosphorus, and no segregation was detected at gamma-gamma' and gamma-gamma " interfaces. Significant phosphorus enrichments were found in the minor sigma and Laves phases. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Teledyne Allvac, Monroe, NC 28110 USA. RP Sijbrandij, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 250 IS 1 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00546-2 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 101NT UT WOS:000074875600020 ER PT J AU Miller, MK AF Miller, MK TI Decomposition of bulk metallic glasses SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 07-11, 1997 CL NATL RES INST MET, TSUKUBA, JAPAN HO NATL RES INST MET DE bulk metallic glass; crystallization; APFIM; short range order ID ATOM-PROBE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; CU ALLOYS; CRYSTALLIZATION; MELTS; NI AB An atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM) characterization has been performed on the decomposition of several bulk metallic glasses. Evidence of short range order for aluminum has been detected in as-cast nickel-containing Zr60Al15Ni25 and Zr55Al10Cu5Ni30 metallic glasses. Titanium-enriched, zirconium-enriched and Be2Zr phases have been analyzed in annealed Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10.0Be22.5 bulk metallic glass. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy & Microanalyt Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Microscopy & Microanalyt Sci Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM xkm@ornl.gov NR 17 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 250 IS 1 BP 133 EP 140 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00549-8 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 101NT UT WOS:000074875600023 ER PT J AU Miller, MK Larson, DJ Schwarz, RB He, Y AF Miller, MK Larson, DJ Schwarz, RB He, Y TI Decomposition in Pd40Ni40P20 metallic glass SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 44th International Field Emission Symposium CY JUL 07-11, 1997 CL NATL RES INST MET, TSUKUBA, JAPAN HO NATL RES INST MET DE bulk metallic glass; Pd40Ni40P20; atom probe field ion microscopy; decomposition ID ATOM-PROBE; SYSTEM AB A statistical analysis of the solute distribution in amorphous Pd40Ni40P20, has been performed with atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM). Atom probe results indicate that chemical short range ordering is present in the as-cast alloy. Phase separation at the nanometer level is observed in glassy samples after annealing above the glass-transition temperature. Crystallization proceeds by phase separation into three distinct crystalline phases. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Microscopy & Microanalyt Sci Grp, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miller, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Microscopy & Microanalyt Sci Grp, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 250 IS 1 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00550-4 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 101NT UT WOS:000074875600024 ER PT J AU Diez, E Gomez-Alcala, R Dominguez-Adame, F Sanchez, A Berman, GP AF Diez, E Gomez-Alcala, R Dominguez-Adame, F Sanchez, A Berman, GP TI Rabi oscillations in semiconductor superlattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB We investigate the dynamics of a semiconductor superlattice driven by an ac electric field by solving numerically the one-dimensional time-dependent Schrodinger equation including interface roughness effects. Rabi oscillations between minibands are clearly identified under resonant conditions, but we show that their lifetime is controlled by a characteristic time that depends on the superlattice deviation from perfection and is independent of the electric field. Experiments for the observation of the predicted effects are proposed. [[S0163-1829(98)01327-7]. C1 Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Matemat, GISC, E-28911 Madrid, Spain. Univ Vigo, ETSET, Dept Tecnol Comun, E-36200 Vigo, Spain. Univ Complutense, Dept Fis Mat, GISC, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, CNLS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Diez, E (reprint author), Univ Carlos III Madrid, Dept Matemat, GISC, E-28911 Madrid, Spain. RI Sanchez, Angel/A-9229-2008; Dominguez-Adame, Francisco/E-4277-2010; ENRIQUE, DIEZ/M-3691-2014; OI Sanchez, Angel/0000-0003-1874-2881; Dominguez-Adame, Francisco/0000-0002-5256-4196; ENRIQUE, DIEZ/0000-0001-7964-4148; Gomez Alcala, Rafael/0000-0002-6472-8987 NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 3 BP 1146 EP 1149 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.1146 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 104WT UT WOS:000075039600019 ER PT J AU Mattila, T Zunger, A AF Mattila, T Zunger, A TI Deep electronic gap levels induced by isovalent P and As impurities in GaN SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; NATIVE DEFECTS; AB-INITIO; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ALLOYS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; COMPENSATION; TELLURIUM; GAAS1-XNX; CRYSTALS AB The electronic and atomic structure of isovalent substitutional P and As impurities in GaN is studied theoretically using a self-consistent plane-wave pseudopotential method. In contrast with the conventional isovalent III-V systems, Ga (N) under bar:P and Ga (N) under bar:As are shown to exhibit deep gap levels. The calculated donor energies are epsilon(+/0)=epsilon(upsilon)+0.22 and epsilon(upsilon)+0.41 eV, respectively, and the double donor energies are epsilon(++/+)=epsilon(upsilon)+0.09 and epsilon(upsilon)+0.24 eV, respectively. The p-like gap wave function is found to be strongly localized on the impurity site. Outward atomic relaxations of similar to 13% and similar to 15% are calculated for the nearest-neighbor Ga atoms surrounding neutral Ga (N) under bar:P-0 and Ga (N) over bar:As-0, respectively. The relaxation increases by similar to l% for the positively charged impurities. The impurity-bound exciton binding energy is calculated at E-b=0.22 and E-b=0.41 eV for Ga (N) under bar:P and Ga (N) under bar:As. The former is in good agreement with the experimental data (E-b=0.232 eV) whereas the latter is offered as a prediction. No clear Jahn-Teller symmetry lowering (T-d-->C-3 upsilon) distortion, suggested by the one-electron configuration, is found for Ga (N) under bar:P+ and Ga (N) under bar:As+. [S0163-1829(98)04727-4]. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM tmattila@nrel.gov; alex_zunger@nrel.gov RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 40 TC 128 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 3 BP 1367 EP 1373 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.1367 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 104WT UT WOS:000075039600052 ER PT J AU Wood, RF Leboeuf, JN Geohegan, DB Puretzky, AA Chen, KR AF Wood, RF Leboeuf, JN Geohegan, DB Puretzky, AA Chen, KR TI Dynamics of plume propagation and splitting during pulsed-laser ablation of Si in He and Ar SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTOR THIN-FILMS; MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; YBA2CU3O7-X/PRBA2CU3O7-X SUPERLATTICES; DEPOSITION; EVAPORATION; LAYERS AB A modeling approach for calculating the-expansion of a laser-generated plasma into a background gas has been developed. Although relatively simple in structure, the model gives excellent fits to various experimental data for Si in background gases of He and Ar, including the previously unexplained ''splitting'' of the ablated plume. The model is based on a combination of multiple-scattering and hydrodynamic approaches. It allows the plume to be broken up into components, or scattering orders, whose particles undergo 0, 1, 2,... collisions with the background. Particles can only be transferred from one order to the next higher order by collisions. The densities in the individual orders propagate according to the usual conservation equations to give the overall plume expansion. When Ar is the background gas, there is a non-negligible probability that Si plume atoms will reach the detector without undergoing any collisions. This gives rise to a flux component that is undisplaced from that obtained when no background gas is present in addition to the delayed peak from the scattered flux. In Ar only a few orders are necessary for convergence. The behavior in the light gas He is more complex because of the relatively small effect of any one-scattering event and the calculations must be carried out in some cases to as high as the 12th scattering order to find agreement with the experiments. [S0163-1829(98)03827-2]. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Phys, Tainan 701, Taiwan. RP Wood, RF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS 6032, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Puretzky, Alexander/B-5567-2016; Geohegan, David/D-3599-2013 OI Puretzky, Alexander/0000-0002-9996-4429; Geohegan, David/0000-0003-0273-3139 NR 29 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 3 BP 1533 EP 1543 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.1533 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 104WT UT WOS:000075039600070 ER PT J AU Lyo, SK Harff, NE Simmons, JA AF Lyo, SK Harff, NE Simmons, JA TI Magneto-quantum-resistance oscillations in tunnel-coupled double quantum wells in tilted magnetic fields: Variable Landau biladders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; FERMI-SURFACE; CONDUCTANCE; GASES; LEVEL AB We present a linear-response theory of magneto-quantum-resistance oscillations of the in-plane resistances R-xx and R-yy in two coupled quasi-two-dimensional electron layers in tilted magnetic fields B=(B-parallel to, B-perpendicular to), and explain recent data from GaAs/Al(x)Gal(1-x)As double quantum wells. In this system, the electrons are in the two tunnel-split ground sublevels. The cyclotron masses of the two orbits on the Fermi surface have opposite dependences on the in-plane field B-parallel to: one increases monotonically, while the other decreases as a function of B-parallel to, in the regime of interest. As a result, the rungs of one Landau ladder sweep up through the Fermi level, while those of the other Landau ladder sweep down when B-parallel to is increased at a fixed perpendicular field B-perpendicular to. Ridges are obtained in the three-dimensional plots of both R-xx and R-yy and the density of states versus (B-parallel to, B-perpendicular to) due to Fermi-level crossing by the rungs of the Landau ladders. Giant peaks are obtained when two ridges intersect each other. The (B-parallel to, B-perpendicular to) dependence of R-xx as well as theoretical evidence of magnetic breakdown yields good agreement with recent data from GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs double quantum wells. [S0163-1829(98)05027-9]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Lyo, SK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 3 BP 1572 EP 1577 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.1572 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 104WT UT WOS:000075039600074 ER PT J AU Baumann, PK Nemanich, RJ AF Baumann, PK Nemanich, RJ TI Characterization of copper-diamond (100), (111), and (110) interfaces: Electron affinity and Schottky barrier SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-DEPOSITED DIAMOND; BORON-DOPED DIAMOND; FIELD-EMISSION; METAL CONTACTS; CVD DIAMOND; SURFACES; PHOTOEMISSION; HEIGHT; HYDROGEN; NICKEL AB In this study ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy was employed to correlate the electron affinity and Schottky:barrier height of Cu films on type-IIb (p-type) diamond (100), (111), and (110) surfaces. Furthermore, field emission measurements were correlated with the effective electron affinity of the samples. Prior to deposition the diamond samples were cleaned by various annealings and plasma treatments in ultrahigh vacuum. Annealing the diamond substrates to 1150 degrees C resulted in adsorbate-free surfaces with a positive electron affinity. A negative electron affinity (NEA) was induced after depositing 1 Angstrom of Cu on the clean surface. The Schottky barrier heights for the clean surfaces ranged from 0.30 eV for the (111) surface to 0.70 eV for the (100) surface. Depositing Cu onto H-terminated surfaces exhibiting a NEA still resulted in a NEA on all surfaces. However, the Schottky barrier heights were larger, ranging from 0.50 eV for the (111) surface to 0.90 eV for the (100) and (110) surfaces. The metal-induced NEA has been found to be stable to exposure to air. Following a 500 degrees C annealing an oxygen-terminated (100) surface with a positive electron affinity was obtained. Cu deposition resulted in a positive electron affinity and the largest Schottky barrier height with 1.60 eV. A field emission threshold held of 79 V/mu m was obtained for an oxygen-terminated diamond (100) surface. Values of 20, 25, and 53 V/mu m were measured for Cu on clean, H- and O-terminated surfaces, respectively. Based on these experiments, it is suggested that chemisorbed species such as H or O on diamond surfaces cause an increase in the Schottky barrier as well as in the held emission threshold field after Cu deposition. [S0163-1829(98)04627-X]. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Baumann, PK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM peter_baumann@qmgate.anl.gov NR 43 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 3 BP 1643 EP 1654 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.1643 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 104WT UT WOS:000075039600082 ER PT J AU Wiell, T Klepeis, JE Bennich, P Bjorneholm, O Wassdahl, N Nilsson, A AF Wiell, T Klepeis, JE Bennich, P Bjorneholm, O Wassdahl, N Nilsson, A TI Local aspects of the adsorbate-substrate chemical bond in N/Cu(100) and O/Cu(100) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EMISSION; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; INDUCED RECONSTRUCTION; SURFACE-STRUCTURE; CU(100) SURFACE; ATOMIC NITROGEN; COPPER 100; OXYGEN AB Both the occupied and unoccupied adsorbate valence states have been probed by x-ray emission and x-ray absorption spectroscopies for N/Cu(100) and the low coverage phase of O/Cu(100). By carrying out experiments using two different measurement geometries, the adsorbate out-of-plane state's (2p(Sigma)) have been Separated from the in-plane states (2p(xy)). The experimental results are compared to the partial density of states (DOS) obtained from full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital calculations, with good agreement in the case of N/Cu(100). This agreement confirms that it is possible to interpret the experimental data in terms of the adsorbate partial DOS. Our combined experimental and theoretical study also provides a detailed understanding of the local chemical bond for N and O adsorbed on Cu(100). [S0163-1829(98)05124-8]. C1 Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wiell, T (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Dept Phys, Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. RI Nilsson, Anders/E-1943-2011 OI Nilsson, Anders/0000-0003-1968-8696 NR 61 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 3 BP 1655 EP 1664 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.1655 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 104WT UT WOS:000075039600083 ER PT J AU Feibelman, PJ Hafner, J Kresse, G AF Feibelman, PJ Hafner, J Kresse, G TI Vibrations of O on stepped Pt(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ABINITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; ULTRASOFT PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ELECTRON SYSTEMS; METALS; SURFACES AB First-principles calculations identify edge-bridging O adatoms as the source of the 560 cm(-1) vibrational loss observed for step-adsorbed O on Pt(533), and by implication, of the scalloped appearance, in scanning tunneling microscopy of O-saturated A-type island edges on Pt(111). Further calculations for O/Pt(221) provide an opportunity to confirm that O adatoms prefer upper-terrace fee hollows at a B-type step. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Vienna Tech Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. Vienna Tech Univ, Ctr Compuat Mat Sci, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Feibelman, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 25 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP 2179 EP 2184 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.2179 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 104WU UT WOS:000075039700069 ER PT J AU Wei, SH Zunger, A Choi, IH Yu, PY AF Wei, SH Zunger, A Choi, IH Yu, PY TI Trends in band-gap pressure coefficients in chalcopyrite semiconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; ENERGY-GAP; DEPENDENCE; GAAS; TRANSITIONS; AGGASE2; CUINSE2 AB We present the results of a first-principles calculation of the direct band-gap pressure coefficient a(g) for a series of Ga and In semiconductor compounds with both the chalcopyrite (e.g., CuGaSe2 and CuInSe2) and the zinc-blende structures(e.g., GaAs and InAs). We found good agreement between the calculated and experimental pressure coefficients. We found that a(g) in chalcopyrites are dramatically reduced relative to zinc-blende compounds, and that the Ga-->In substitution lowers a(g) in chalcopyrites more than in zinc-blende compounds. As a result, the empirical rule suggested for zinc-blende compounds, stating that for a given transition (e.g., Gamma(15v)-->Gamma(1c)) a(g) does not depend on substitutions, has to be modified for chalcopyrites. Based on our results we question the currently accepted experimental value for CuInTe2 (2.2 meV/kbar); we calculate this value to be close to 5.9 meV/kbar. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Chung Ang Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 156756, South Korea. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wei, SH (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Zunger, Alex/A-6733-2013 NR 25 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 4 BP R1710 EP R1713 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.58.R1710 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 104WU UT WOS:000075039700004 ER PT J AU Boyanovsky, D Cooper, F de Vega, HJ Sodano, P AF Boyanovsky, D Cooper, F de Vega, HJ Sodano, P TI Evolution of inhomogeneous condensates: Self-consistent variational approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID QUANTUM-FIELD-THEORY; DISORIENTED CHIRAL CONDENSATE; MASSIVE THIRRING MODEL; WAVE-PACKET COLLISIONS; SINE-GORDON EQUATION; LINEAR SIGMA-MODEL; MILLS-HIGGS THEORY; FINITE-TEMPERATURE; PHASE-TRANSITION; HIGH-ENERGY AB We establish a self-consistent variational framework that allows us to study numerically the non-equilibrium evolution of non-perturbative inhomogeneous field configurations including quantum back reaction effects. After discussing the practical merits and disadvantages of different approaches we provide a closed set of local and renormalizable update equations that determine the dynamical evolution of inhomogeneous condensates and can be implemented numerically, These incorporate self-consistently the back reaction of quantum fluctuations and particle production. This program requires the solution of a self-consistent inhomogeneous problem to provide initial Cauchy data for the inhomogeneous condensates and Green's functions. We provide a simple solvable ansatz for such an initial value problem for the sine-Gordon and phi(4) quantum field theories in one spatial dimension. We compare exact known results of the sine-Gordon model to this simple ansatz. We also study the linear sigma model in the large N limit in three spatial dimensions as a microscopic model for pion production in ultrarelativistic collisions. We provide a solvable self-consistent ansatz for the initial value problem with cylindrical symmetry. For this case we also obtain a closed set of local and renormalized update equations that can be numerically implemented. A novel phenomenon of spinodal instabilities and pion production arises as a result of a Klein paradox for large amplitude inhomogeneous condensate configurations. [S0556-2821(98)03014-8]. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Paris 06, LPTHE, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Paris 07, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, Sez INFN, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. RP Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. NR 118 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 AR 025007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.025007 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 106ZG UT WOS:000075180900041 ER PT J AU Brodsky, SJ Hiller, JR McCartor, G AF Brodsky, SJ Hiller, JR McCartor, G TI Pauli-Villars regulator as a nonperturbative ultraviolet regularization scheme in discretized light-cone quantization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID INFINITE-MOMENTUM FRAME; QUANTUM FIELD-THEORIES; ONE TIME DIMENSION; DIRAC FIELDS; ONE SPACE; FRONT; RENORMALIZATION; QCD; HAMILTONIANS; MATRICES AB We propose a solution to the problem of renormalizing light-cone Hamiltonian theories while maintaining Lorentz invariance and other symmetries. The method uses generalized Pauli-Villars regulators to render the theory finite. We discuss the method in the context of Yukawa theory at one loop acid for a soluble model in 3 + 1 dimensions. The model is studied nonperturbatively. Numerical results obtained with use of discretized light-cone quantization, special integration weighting factors, and the complex symmetric Lanczos diagonalization algorithm compare well with the analytic answers. [S0556-2821(98)01714-7]. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dept Phys, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. RP Brodsky, SJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 50 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 AR 025005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.58.025005 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 106ZG UT WOS:000075180900039 ER PT J AU Curtright, T Fairlie, D Zachos, C AF Curtright, T Fairlie, D Zachos, C TI Features of time-independent Wigner functions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRIC LIOUVILLE THEORY; WEAK-COUPLING ANALYSIS; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; DEFORMATION THEORY; FIELD-THEORY; QUANTIZATION; FORMULATION; ALGEBRA; TERMS AB The Wigner phase-space distribution function provides the basis for Moyal's deformation quantization alternative to the more conventional Hilbert space and path integral quantizations. The general features of time-independent Wigner functions are explored here, including the functional (''star'') eigenvalue equations they satisfy; their projective orthogonality spectral properties; their Darboux ("supersymmetric") isospectral potential recursions; and their canonical transformations. These features are illustrated explicitly through simple solvable potentials: the harmonic oscillator, the linear potential, the Poschl-Teller potential, and the Liouville potential. [S0556-2821(98)00714-0]. C1 Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Durham, Dept Math Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England. Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Curtright, T (reprint author), Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Box 248046, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. EM curtright@phyvax.ir.Miami.edu; David.Fairlie@durham.ac.uk; zachos@hep.anl.gov RI Curtright, Thomas/B-6840-2015 NR 51 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 58 IS 2 AR 025002 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 106ZG UT WOS:000075180900036 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Hitzemann, R Gatley, J Ding, YS Wong, C Pappas, N AF Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Hitzemann, R Gatley, J Ding, YS Wong, C Pappas, N TI Differences in regional brain metabolic responses between single and repeated doses of methylphenidate SO PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING LA English DT Article DE drug addiction; bingeing; cocaine; FDG; PET; craving; dopamine ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; INTRAVENOUS DEXTROAMPHETAMINE; COCAINE; HUMANS; HYPERACTIVITY; AMPHETAMINE; RECEPTORS; ADULTS; RAT AB Studies investigating the acute effects of drugs of abuse on human brain metabolism have measured single doses whereas these drugs are mostly taken repeatedly. Here we compared the brain metabolic response to intravenous methylphenidate when given after a single dose to that when given after two sequential doses. Methylphenidate-induced changes in metabolism differed; whereas single doses tended to decrease metabolism, repeated doses tended to increase it, and these differences were significant in frontal, parietal and occipital cortices and hippocampus. This indicates that methylphenidate's metabolic effects vary with acute previous exposure and highlights the importance of studying drugs after single and repeated administration. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Bldg 490, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM volkow@bnl.gov FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA06891] NR 25 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0925-4927 J9 PSYCHIAT RES-NEUROIM JI Psychiatry Res. Neuroimaging PD JUL 15 PY 1998 VL 83 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0925-4927(98)00025-0 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neuroimaging; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 114HP UT WOS:000075603300004 PM 9754703 ER PT J AU Johnson, PV Li, Y Zetner, PW Csanak, G Clark, REH Abdallah, J AF Johnson, PV Li, Y Zetner, PW Csanak, G Clark, REH Abdallah, J TI Electron-impact excitation of the (... 6s6p P-1(1)) level in ytterbium SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; PARAMETERS; SCATTERING; BARIUM AB We have measured and calculated differential cross sections for electron-impact excitation of the (...6s6p P-1(1)) level in ytterbium at collision energies of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 eV. Calculations were made in the unitarized distorted-wave approximation. Measurements of the relative differential cross section, taking account of volume correction effects, were placed on an absolute scale by normalization to the theoretical integral cross section at 80 eV with extrapolation to lower energies based on the measured excitation function of Shimon et al (1981 Opt. Spektrosk. 50 571). Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is obtained in the regime of low momentum transfer. C1 Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Johnson, PV (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. RI Johnson, Paul/D-4001-2009 OI Johnson, Paul/0000-0002-0186-8456 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUL 14 PY 1998 VL 31 IS 13 BP 3027 EP 3041 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/31/13/019 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 104RT UT WOS:000075028300019 ER PT J AU Cao, XA Abernathy, CR Singh, RK Pearton, SJ Fu, M Sarvepalli, V Sekhar, JA Zolper, JC Rieger, DJ Han, J Drummond, TJ Shul, RJ Wilson, RG AF Cao, XA Abernathy, CR Singh, RK Pearton, SJ Fu, M Sarvepalli, V Sekhar, JA Zolper, JC Rieger, DJ Han, J Drummond, TJ Shul, RJ Wilson, RG TI Ultrahigh Si+ implant activation efficiency in GaN using a high-temperature rapid thermal process system SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS AB Si+ implant activation efficiencies above 90%, even at doses of 5 x 10(15) cm(-2), have been achieved in GaN by rapid thermal processing at 1400-1500 degrees C for 10 s. The annealing system utilizes molybdenum intermetallic heating elements capable of operation up to 1900 degrees C, producing high heating and cooling rates (up to 100 degrees C s(-1)). Unencapsulated GaN shows severe surface pitting at 1300 degrees C and complete loss of the film by evaporation at 1400 degrees C. Dissociation of nitrogen from the surface is found to occur with an approximate activation energy of 3.8 eV for GaN (compared to 4.4 eV for AlN and 3.4 eV for InN). Encapsulation with either rf magnetron reactively sputtered or metal organic molecular beam epitaxy-grown AIN thin films provides protection against GaN surface degradation up to 1400 degrees C, where peak electron concentrations of similar to 5x10(20) cm(-3) can be achieved in Si-implanted GaN. Secondary ion mass spectrometry profiling showed little measurable redistribution of Si, suggesting D(Si)less than or equal to 10(-13) cm(2) S-1 at 1400 degrees C. The implant activation efficiency decreases at higher temperatures, which may result from Si-Ga to Si-N Site switching and resultant self-compensation. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951 (98)03828-5]. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Micropyret Heaters Int Inc, Cincinnati, OH 45212 USA. Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Cao, XA (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 28 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 2 BP 229 EP 231 DI 10.1063/1.121764 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108PV UT WOS:000075275400033 ER PT J AU Nelson, JS Schultz, PA Wright, AF AF Nelson, JS Schultz, PA Wright, AF TI Valence and atomic size dependent exchange barriers in vacancy-mediated dopant diffusion SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORM-CONSERVING PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; IMPURITY DIFFUSION; TOTAL-ENERGY; SILICON; SURFACES; SOLIDS AB First-principles pseudopotential calculations of dopant-vacancy exchange barriers indicate a strong dependency on dopant valence and atomic size, in contrast to current models of vacancy-mediated dopant diffusion, First-row elements (B, C, N) are found to have exchange barriers which are an order of magnitude larger than the assumed value of 0.3 eV (the Si vacancy migration energy), (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951 (98)04128-X]. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Parallel Computat Mat Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sandia Natl Labs, Semicond Mat & Device Sci Dept, Org 1113,MS-0601, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jsnelson@sandia.gov NR 29 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 2 BP 247 EP 249 DI 10.1063/1.121779 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108PV UT WOS:000075275400039 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, V Sabo-Etienne, S Chaudret, B Thoburn, J Ulrich, S Limbach, HH Eckert, J Barthelat, JC Hussein, K Marsden, CJ AF Rodriguez, V Sabo-Etienne, S Chaudret, B Thoburn, J Ulrich, S Limbach, HH Eckert, J Barthelat, JC Hussein, K Marsden, CJ TI Fluxionality and isomerism of the bis(dihydrogen) complex RuH2(H-2)(2)(PCy3)(2): INS, NMR, and theoretical studies SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN COMPLEXES; 16-ELECTRON DIHYDROGEN COMPLEXES; ETA-2-DIHYDROGEN COMPLEXES; RUTHENIUM COMPLEXES; EXCHANGE; HYDRIDE; COORDINATION; REACTIVITY; LIGANDS; DEHYDROGENATION AB To study the fluxionality of the bis(dihydrogen) complex RuH2(H-2)(2)(PCy3)(2) (1), NMR spectra were recorded in Freons (mixture of CDCl3, CDFCl2, and CDF2Cl). 1 was found to remain fluxional at all temperatures, but the presence of CDCl3 necessary for its solubilization induces its transformation into, first, RuHCl(H-2)(2)(PCy3)(2) (3) and the new ruthenium(IV) dihydride RuH2Cl2(PCy3)(2) (4). 4 is produced selectively in pure CDCl3 but reacts further to give a mixture of chloro complexes. 4 was isolated from the reaction of 1 with aqueous HCI in Et2O and shows a fluxional process attributed to the interconversion between two symmetrical isomers. The activation parameters of this process were obtained by H-1 NMR line shape analysis, as well as those corresponding to the exchange between 3 and free dihydrogen. The fluxionality of the dihydrogen-hydride system is also evident at a much faster time scale than that of NMR studies in the inelastic neutron scattering observations of the rotation of the dihydrogen ligands. The geometries and relative energies of several isomers of complexes 1, 3, and 4 were studied using density functional theory (DFT) and MP2 methods, together with a few coupled-cluster (CCSD-(T)) calculations. In contrast to what might have been expected, the two hydrides and the two H-2 units of 1 lie in the same plane, due to the attractive "cis effect" created by the hydrides. The two H-2 ligands adopt cis positions in the lowest-energy isomer. Rotation of the two dihydrogen ligands has been analyzed using DFT calculations. A slight preference for a C-2 conrotatory pathway has been found with a calculated barrier in good agreement with the experimental INS value. Two low-energy isomers of 4 have been characterized computationally, both of which have C-2 upsilon, symmetry, consistent with the solution NMR spectra. C1 CNRS, Chim Coordinat Lab, F-31077 Toulouse 4, France. Free Univ Berlin, Fachbereich Chem, Inst Organ Chem, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, Phys Quant Lab, IRSAMC, CNRS,UMR 5626, F-31062 Toulouse 4, France. Univ Al Baath, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Homs, Syria. RP Chaudret, B (reprint author), CNRS, Chim Coordinat Lab, 205 Route Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse 4, France. RI Limbach, Hans-Heinrich/G-8858-2011 OI Limbach, Hans-Heinrich/0000-0002-2084-6359 NR 47 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 14 BP 3475 EP 3485 DI 10.1021/ic970697y PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 100XF UT WOS:000074840100006 ER PT J AU Omberg, KM Schoonover, JR Bernhard, S Moss, JA Treadway, JA Kober, EM Dyer, RB Meyer, TJ AF Omberg, KM Schoonover, JR Bernhard, S Moss, JA Treadway, JA Kober, EM Dyer, RB Meyer, TJ TI Mid-infrared spectrum of [Ru(phen)(3)](2+)* SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER EXCITED-STATES; RESONANCE RAMAN; RUTHENIUM(II) COMPLEXES; EXCITATION PROFILES; TRIS(2,2'-BIPYRIDINE)RUTHENIUM(II); TRIS(BIPYRIDINE)RUTHENIUM(II); DELOCALIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; DECAY AB Time-resolved infrared spectra in the fingerprint region (1300-1700 cm(-1)) are reported for the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excited state(s) of [Ru(phen)(3)](2+)* and [Os(phen)(DAS)(2)](2+)* (phen is 1,10-phenanthroline; DAS is 1,2-bis(diphenylarsino)ethane) in acetonitrile-d(3) at 298 K. The spectra are assigned by comparison to electrochemically generated [Ru-III(phen)(3)](3+) and [Ru-II(phen(.-))(phen)(2)](+). The data provide clear evidence for the localized description [Ru-III(phen(.-))(phen)(2)](2+)* on the similar to 100 ns time scale. They also give insight into electronic distribution in the excited state, aid in the interpretation of the time-resolved resonance Raman spectrum of [Ru(phen)(3)](2+)*, and suggest why measuring ground- and excited-state resonance Raman spectra of phen complexes is difficult. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Biosci & Biotechnol Grp CST4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Chem, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Schoonover, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Biosci & Biotechnol Grp CST4, Mail Stop J586, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bernhard, Stefan/A-9389-2008; Omberg, Kristin/I-5972-2013 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 14 BP 3505 EP 3508 DI 10.1021/ic971554e PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 100XF UT WOS:000074840100010 ER PT J AU Bakac, A AF Bakac, A TI Transition metal ion initiated chain reactions between tert-butyl hydroperoxide and rhodium hydrides. Rapid hydrogen atom abstraction from rhodium hydrides by methyl radicals SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE RATE CONSTANTS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; COBALT(II) MACROCYCLES; ALKYL RADICALS; KINETICS; MECHANISM; COMPLEXES AB In the absence of catalysts, there is no reaction between t-BuOOH and macrocyclic rhodium hydrides LRhH2+ (L-1 = [14laneN(4), L-2 = Me-6-[14]aneN(4)). The addition of Fe-aq(2+) to such solutions results in rapid and catalytic oxidation of rhodium hydrides (LRhH2+ + (CH3)(3)COOH + H+ --> LRh3+ + CH4 + (CH3)(2)CO). This reaction occurs by a chain mechanism featuring methyl radicals and LRh2+ as reactive intermediates. The rates are independent of the absolute concentrations of iron but vary with the ratio of the two oxidation states, -d[LRhH2+]/dt = k(obs)[t-BuOOH](2)[Fe2+]/[Fe3+]. The rate constants k(obs) are directly proportional to [H+]. In 0.10 M aqueous HClO4 at 25 degrees C, the values are 80.8 M-1 s(-l) ((LRhH2+)-Rh-1) and 7.0 M-1 s(-1) ((LRhH2+)-Rh-2). A macrocyclic cobalt(LT) complex, (LCo2+)-Co-2, is also an effective chain initiator. The reaction occurs according to the rate law -d[(LRhH2+)-Rh-1]/dt = 254[t-BuOOH][(LRhH2+)-Rh-1], independent of [H+]. This reaction is not catalytic in (LCo2+)-Co-2, which is slowly consumed in the initiation and termination steps. Methyl radicals react rapidly with (LRhH2+)-Rh-1 (k = 1.0 x 10(9) M-1 s(-1)), (LRhH2+)-Rh-2 (1.4 x 10(8)), and (LRh2+)-Rh-1 (8.6 x 10(8)). C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bakac, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD JUL 13 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 14 BP 3548 EP 3552 DI 10.1021/ic980089y PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 100XF UT WOS:000074840100018 ER PT J AU Chartier, M Mittig, W Orr, NA Angelique, JC Audi, G Casandjian, JM Cunsolo, A Donzaud, C Foti, A Lepine-Szily, A Lewitowicz, M Lukyanov, S Mac Cormick, M Morrissey, DJ Ostrowski, AN Sherrill, BM Stephan, C Suomijarvi, T Tassan-Got, L Vieira, DJ Villari, ACC Wouters, JM AF Chartier, M Mittig, W Orr, NA Angelique, JC Audi, G Casandjian, JM Cunsolo, A Donzaud, C Foti, A Lepine-Szily, A Lewitowicz, M Lukyanov, S Mac Cormick, M Morrissey, DJ Ostrowski, AN Sherrill, BM Stephan, C Suomijarvi, T Tassan-Got, L Vieira, DJ Villari, ACC Wouters, JM TI The masses of Se-70,Se-71 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETER; NUCLEI; GANIL AB The masses of the neutron-deficient nuclei Se-70,Se-71 have been measured using a direct time-of-flight technique following the fragmentation of a Kr-78 beam (73 MeV/nucleon). Mass excesses of -62.31 +/- 0.35(syst.) +/- 0.30(stat.) and -63.49 +/- 0.25(syst.) +/- 0.20(stat.) MeV, respectively, were deduced, In addition, a novel technique based on stripping was developed for the purification of heavy fragmentation beams. This technique provides a good selectivity - typically isotopes of a single Z are transmitted - without altering the beam quality. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Michigan State Univ, Nscl, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. GANIL, F-14076 Caen 5, France. Inst Sci Mat & Rayonnement, CNRS, IN2P3, LPC, F-14050 Caen, France. Univ Caen, F-14050 Caen, France. CNRS, Inst Natl Phys Nucl & Phys Particules, CSNSM, F-91405 Orsay, France. Univ Catania, Dipartmento Fis, I-95129 Catania, Italy. INFN, I-95129 Catania, Italy. CNRS, Inst Natl Phys Nucl & Phys Particules, Inst Phys Nucl, F-91406 Orsay, France. Univ Sao Paulo, IFUSP, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Joint Inst Nucl Res, LNR, Dubna 101000, Russia. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chartier, M (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Nscl, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI Sherrill, Bradley/B-4098-2009; Sherrill, Bradley/B-3378-2011; Lepine-Szily , Alinka/I-3325-2012 OI Lepine-Szily , Alinka/0000-0001-6640-8824 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD JUL 13 PY 1998 VL 637 IS 1 BP 3 EP 14 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(98)00228-0 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 102CG UT WOS:000074905200001 ER PT J AU Spira, M Wells, JD AF Spira, M Wells, JD TI Higgs bosons strongly coupled to the top quark SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; TOPCOLOR-ASSISTED TECHNICOLOR; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; HADRON SUPERCOLLIDERS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING; MASS; COLLIDERS; CONDENSATION; COLLISIONS; DECAYS AB Several extensions of the Standard Model require the burden of electroweak symmetry breaking to be shared by multiple states or sectors. This leads to the possibility of the top quark interacting with a scalar more strongly than it does with the Standard Model Higgs boson. In top-quark condensation this possibility is natural. We also discuss how this might be realized in supersymmetric theories. The properties of a strongly coupled Higgs boson in top-quark condensation and supersymmetry are described. We comment on the difficulties of seeing such a state at the Tevatron and LEPII, and study the dramatic signatures it could produce at the LHC. The four top quark signature is especially useful in the search for a strongly coupled Higgs boson. We also calculate the rates of the more conventional Higgs boson signatures at the LHC, including the two photon and four lepton signals, and compare them to expectations in the Standard Model. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Spira, M (reprint author), CERN, Div Theory, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD JUL 13 PY 1998 VL 523 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 16 DI 10.1016/S0550-3213(98)00107-2 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA ZY927 UT WOS:000074676900001 ER PT J AU Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, EA Palmer, M Selen, M Thaler, JJ Edwards, KW Bellerive, A Janicek, R MacFarlane, DB Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Baringer, P Bean, A Besson, D Coppage, D Darling, C Davis, R Kotov, S Kravchenko, I Kwak, N Zhou, L Anderson, S Kubota, Y Lee, SJ O'Neill, JJ Poling, R Riehle, T Smith, A Alam, MS Athar, SB Ling, Z Mahmood, AH Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Duboscq, JE Fujino, D Gan, KK Hart, T Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Lee, J Spencer, MB Sung, M Undrus, A Wolf, A Zoeller, MM Nemati, B Richichi, SJ Ross, WR Severini, H Skubic, P Bishai, M Fast, J Hinson, JW Menon, N Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Yurko, M Glenn, S Kwon, Y Lyon, AL Roberts, S Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Lingel, K Marsiske, H Perl, ML Savinov, V Ugolini, D Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Korolkov, I Maravin, Y Narsky, I Shelkov, V Staeck, J Stroynowski, R Volobouev, I Ye, J Artuso, M Azfar, F Efimov, A Goldberg, M He, D Kopp, S Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Viehhauser, G Wang, JC Xing, X Bartelt, J Csorna, SE Jain, V McLean, KW Marka, S Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Pomianowski, P Schrenk, S Bonvicini, C Cinabro, D Greene, R Perera, LP Zhou, GJ Chadha, M Chan, S Eigen, G Miller, JS Schmidtler, M Urheim, J Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Bliss, DW Masek, G Paar, HP Prell, S Sharma, V Asner, DM Gronberg, J Hill, TS Lange, DJ Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Nelson, TK Roberts, D Behrens, BH Ford, WT Gritsan, A Krieg, H Roy, J Smith, JG Alexander, JP Baker, R Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Bloom, K Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Crowcroft, DS Dickson, M von Dombrowski, S Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Kandaswamy, J Kim, PC Kreinick, DL Lee, T Liu, Y Mistry, NB Ng, CR Nordberg, E Ogg, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Soffer, A Valant-Spaight, B Ward, C Athanas, M Avery, P Jones, CD Lohner, M Patton, S Prescott, C Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Briere, RA Ershov, A Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Yamamoto, H Browder, TE Li, Y Rodriguez, JL AF Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, EA Palmer, M Selen, M Thaler, JJ Edwards, KW Bellerive, A Janicek, R MacFarlane, DB Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Baringer, P Bean, A Besson, D Coppage, D Darling, C Davis, R Kotov, S Kravchenko, I Kwak, N Zhou, L Anderson, S Kubota, Y Lee, SJ O'Neill, JJ Poling, R Riehle, T Smith, A Alam, MS Athar, SB Ling, Z Mahmood, AH Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Duboscq, JE Fujino, D Gan, KK Hart, T Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Lee, J Spencer, MB Sung, M Undrus, A Wolf, A Zoeller, MM Nemati, B Richichi, SJ Ross, WR Severini, H Skubic, P Bishai, M Fast, J Hinson, JW Menon, N Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Yurko, M Glenn, S Kwon, Y Lyon, AL Roberts, S Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Lingel, K Marsiske, H Perl, ML Savinov, V Ugolini, D Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Korolkov, I Maravin, Y Narsky, I Shelkov, V Staeck, J Stroynowski, R Volobouev, I Ye, J Artuso, M Azfar, F Efimov, A Goldberg, M He, D Kopp, S Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Viehhauser, G Wang, JC Xing, X Bartelt, J Csorna, SE Jain, V McLean, KW Marka, S Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Pomianowski, P Schrenk, S Bonvicini, C Cinabro, D Greene, R Perera, LP Zhou, GJ Chadha, M Chan, S Eigen, G Miller, JS Schmidtler, M Urheim, J Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Bliss, DW Masek, G Paar, HP Prell, S Sharma, V Asner, DM Gronberg, J Hill, TS Lange, DJ Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Nelson, TK Roberts, D Behrens, BH Ford, WT Gritsan, A Krieg, H Roy, J Smith, JG Alexander, JP Baker, R Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Bloom, K Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Crowcroft, DS Dickson, M von Dombrowski, S Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Kandaswamy, J Kim, PC Kreinick, DL Lee, T Liu, Y Mistry, NB Ng, CR Nordberg, E Ogg, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Soffer, A Valant-Spaight, B Ward, C Athanas, M Avery, P Jones, CD Lohner, M Patton, S Prescott, C Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Briere, RA Ershov, A Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Yamamoto, H Browder, TE Li, Y Rodriguez, JL CA CLEO Collaboration TI Observation of B+->omega K+ and search for related B decays modes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CP-VIOLATION; DIAGRAM; MESONS AB We have searched for two-body charmless decays of B mesons to purely hadronic exclusive final states including omega or phi mesons using data collected with the CLEO II detector. With this sample of 6.6 x 10(6) B mesons we observe a signal for the omega K+ final state, and measure a branching fraction of B(B+ --> omega K+) = (1.51(-0.6)(+0.7) +/- 0.2) X 10(-5). We also observe some evidence for the phi K* final state, and upper limits are given for 22 other decay modes. These results provide the opportunity for studies of theoretical models and physical parameters. [S0031-9007(98)06568-5]. C1 Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Ithaca Coll, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Bergfeld, T (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Briere, Roy/N-7819-2014; OI Briere, Roy/0000-0001-5229-1039; Bean, Alice/0000-0001-5967-8674 NR 21 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 2 BP 272 EP 276 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.272 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZZ635 UT WOS:000074750400008 ER PT J AU Czarnecki, A Marciano, WJ AF Czarnecki, A Marciano, WJ TI Electroweak radiative corrections to b -> s gamma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DECAY B->S-GAMMA AB Two loop electroweak corrections to b --> s gamma decays are computed. Fermion and photonic loop effects are found to reduce R = B (b --> s gamma)/B(b --> ce nu) by similar to(8 +/- 2)% and lead to the standard model prediction B(B --> X-s gamma) = (3.28 +/- 0.30) X 10(-4) for inclusive B meson decays. Comparison of R-theory = (3.04 +/- 0.25) X 10(-3)(1 + 0.10 rho), where rho is a Wolfenstein Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa parameter, with the current experimental average R-exp = (2.52 +/- 0.52) X 10-3 gives rho = -1.7 +/- 1.9 which is consistent with -0.21 less than or equal to rho less than or equal to 0.27 obtained from other B and K physics constraints. [S0031-9007(98)06553-3]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Czarnecki, A (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 29 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 2 BP 277 EP 280 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.277 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZZ635 UT WOS:000074750400009 ER PT J AU James, DFV AF James, DFV TI Theory of heating of the quantum ground state of trapped ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZERO-POINT ENERGY; DECOHERENCE AB Using a displacement operator formalism, I analyze the depopulation of the vibrational ground state of trapped ions. Two heating times, one characterizing short time behavior and the other long time behavior, are found. The long time behavior is analyzed for both single and multiple ions, and a formula for the relative heating rates of different modes is derived. The possibility of correction of heating via the quantum Zeno effect, and the exploitation of the suppression of heating of higher modes to reduce errors in quantum computation, is considered. [S0031-9007(98)06590-9]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP James, DFV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T4, Mail Stop B-268, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI James, Daniel/B-9805-2009 OI James, Daniel/0000-0003-3981-4602 NR 25 TC 72 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 2 BP 317 EP 320 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.317 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZZ635 UT WOS:000074750400019 ER PT J AU Cluggish, BP Danielson, JR Driscoll, CF AF Cluggish, BP Danielson, JR Driscoll, CF TI Resonant particle heating of an electron plasma by oscillating sheaths SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MIRROR; TRANSPORT AB The first unambiguous measurements of a bounce-resonance effect in a non-neutral plasma are presented. Two striking signatures are observed when a magnetized electron column is heated by oscillating an end sheath. First, the heating rate increases by a factor of 10(4) as the oscillation frequency is increased by a factor of 10 near the thermal electron bounce frequency. Second, the heating is enhanced when the sheaths at both ends are oscillated out of phase, but is suppressed when they are in phase. The measured rates are in quantitative agreement with a resonant particle heating theory. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Cluggish, BP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp P24, MS-E526, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 2 BP 353 EP 356 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.353 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZZ635 UT WOS:000074750400028 ER PT J AU Glenzer, SH Rosmej, FB Lee, RW Back, CA Estabrook, KG MacGowan, BJ Shepard, TD Turner, RE AF Glenzer, SH Rosmej, FB Lee, RW Back, CA Estabrook, KG MacGowan, BJ Shepard, TD Turner, RE TI Measurements of suprathermal electrons in Hohlraum plasmas with x-ray spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; RAMAN BACKSCATTER; SATELLITE LINES; SPECTRA; SPECTROMETER; TEMPERATURES AB Nonthermal excitation of atomic states by suprathermal electrons was observed for the first time within inertial confinement fusion hohlraum plasmas. The nonthermal excitation process results in the simultaneous emission of the Ly-alpha transition and the K-shell satellite series (lithiumlike through carbonlike) which were observed on temporally resolved x-ray emission spectra. A quantitative analysis with a time-dependent collisional-radiative non-Maxwellian model shows that these spectra can be used to obtain temporally and spatially resolved measurements of the suprathermal electron fraction in indirectly driven inertial confinement fusion targets. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Expt Phys 5, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Glenzer, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-399,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 35 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 2 BP 365 EP 368 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.365 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZZ635 UT WOS:000074750400031 ER PT J AU Bracht, H Haller, EE Clark-Phelps, R AF Bracht, H Haller, EE Clark-Phelps, R TI Silicon self-diffusion in isotope heterostructures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POINT-DEFECTS AB Self-diffusion of silicon is measured between 855 and 1388 degrees C in highly isotopically enriched Si-28 layers. The profiles of Si-29 and Si-30 are determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Temperature dependence of the self-diffusion coefficients is accurately described over seven orders of magnitude with one diffusion enthalpy of 4.75 eV. This single enthalpy indicates that self-interstitials dominate self-diffusion. The high accuracy of our data enables us to estimate an upper bound for the vacancy-assisted diffusion enthalpy of 4.14 eV, which agrees with recent theoretical calculations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Charles Evans & Associates, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA. RP Bracht, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 29 TC 256 Z9 256 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 2 BP 393 EP 396 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.393 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZZ635 UT WOS:000074750400038 ER PT J AU DeWilde, Y Miyakawa, N Guptasarma, P Iavarone, M Ozyuzer, L Zasadzinski, JF Romano, P Hinks, DG Kendziora, C Crabtree, GW Gray, KE AF DeWilde, Y Miyakawa, N Guptasarma, P Iavarone, M Ozyuzer, L Zasadzinski, JF Romano, P Hinks, DG Kendziora, C Crabtree, GW Gray, KE TI Unusual strong-coupling effects in the tunneling spectroscopy of optimally doped and overdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (vol 80, pg 153, 1998) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Correction C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Sci & Technol Ctr Superconduct, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Sci Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 162, Japan. Illinois Inst Technol, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Univ Sannio, Fac Sci, Unita INFM Salerno, Benevento, Italy. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP DeWilde, Y (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Sci & Technol Ctr Superconduct, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Iavarone, Maria/C-3628-2008; Ozyuzer, Lutfi/H-3142-2011 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 13 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 2 BP 492 EP 492 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.492 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZZ635 UT WOS:000074750400065 ER PT J AU Van Winkle, W Jager, HI Railsback, SF Holcomb, BD Studley, TK Baldrige, JE AF Van Winkle, W Jager, HI Railsback, SF Holcomb, BD Studley, TK Baldrige, JE TI Individual-based model of sympatric populations of brown and rainbow trout for instream flow assessment: model description and calibration SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Review DE brown trout; individual-based model; instream flow; rainbow trout ID SALMO-TRUTTA L; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; SMALLMOUTH BASS; HABITAT USE; INCREMENTAL METHODOLOGY; PATCHY ENVIRONMENT; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MICROHABITAT USE; SOCKEYE-SALMON; ERROR ANALYSIS AB This paper describes an individual-based model of sympatric populations of brown and rainbow trout in a stream habitat. The model provides a tool for projecting flow and temperature effects on trout populations by linking the hydraulic component of the instream how incremental methodology/physical habitat simulation system (IFIM/PHABSIM) to an individual-based population model. PHABSIM simulates the spatial distribution of depth and velocity at different flows, and indirectly, the availability of spawning habitat, cover and feeding station. The individual-based model simulates reproduction, growth and mortality of individual trout as a function of flow and temperature. Population dynamics arise from the survival and reproduction of individual trout. The spatially explicit nature of the model permits evaluation of behavioral responses used by fish to changes in physical habitat. The model has been calibrated to a stream segment in the North Fork Middle Fork Tule River, California. Selected parameters were adjusted to calibrate the model for length and abundance (including production of a new year class) at the end of 1-year simulations for each of 9 years. Predicted and observed lengths were in good agreement, although neither varied appreciably among years. Predicted and observed abundances were not in as good agreement, and differed considerably for some years. These differences reflect a combination of uncertainties in the field data and uncertainties in the model structure and parameter values. Fifty-year simulations indicated that model projections of length and abundance were stationary, although abundance values fluctuated considerably. Seven advantages for using simulation models of this type are emphasized. How to most effectively interpret results from such simulation models as part of instream flow environmental assessments remains a challenge. Variability and uncertainty in both field data and replicate model simulations are realities that have implications for scientists, resource managers, and regulators in projecting growth and abundance responses of fish populations to alternative flow or temperature regimes. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Lang Railsback & Associates, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pacific Gas & Elect Co, Tech & Ecol Serv, San Ramon, CA 94583 USA. RP Van Winkle, W (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM wvw@ornl.gov OI Railsback, Steven/0000-0002-5923-9847 NR 105 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JUL 11 PY 1998 VL 110 IS 2 BP 175 EP 207 DI 10.1016/S0304-3800(98)00065-9 PG 33 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 106QW UT WOS:000075141200006 ER PT J AU Arav, N Barlow, TA Laor, A Sargent, WLW Blandford, RD AF Arav, N Barlow, TA Laor, A Sargent, WLW Blandford, RD TI Are AGN broad emission lines formed by discrete clouds? Analysis of Keck high-resolution spectroscopy of NGC 4151 SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE galaxies, active; galaxies, individual, NGC 4151; quasars, emission lines; galaxies, Seyfert ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; SHORT-TIMESCALE VARIABILITY; MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS; NGC-4151; REGIONS AB We search for a direct signature of discrete 'clouds' in the broad-line region (BLR) of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151. For this purpose we apply cross-correlation (CC) analysis to a high-resolution Keck spectrum of the galaxy. No such signature is found in the data. In order for cloud models to be compatible with this result, there must be at least similar to 3x10(7) emitting clouds in the BLR, where the limit is based on simulation of a homogeneous cloud population. More realistic distributions increase the lower limit to above 10(8). These numbers are an order-of-magnitude improvement on our previous limit from Mrk 335, where the improvement comes from higher signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), broader lines and refined simulations. Combined with the predicted upper limit for the number of emitting clouds in NGC 4151 (10(6)-10(7)), the derived lower limit puts a strong constraint on the cloud scenario in the BLR of this object. Similar constraints can be placed on models where the emission originates in streams and sheets. Thus, this investigation suggests that the broad emission lines (BELs) in NGC 4151, and by extension in all AGNs, are not made of an ensemble of discrete independent emitters. C1 CALTECH 130 33, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH 105 24, Dept Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Arav, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, IGPP, L-413,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JUL 11 PY 1998 VL 297 IS 4 BP 990 EP 998 DI 10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.297004990.x PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 105DP UT WOS:000075057700004 ER PT J AU Scurlock, J AF Scurlock, J TI Ways with weeds SO NEW SCIENTIST LA English DT Letter C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Scurlock, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NEW SCIENTIST PUBL EXPEDITING INC PI ELMONT PA 200 MEACHAM AVE, ELMONT, NY 11003 USA SN 0262-4079 J9 NEW SCI JI New Sci. PD JUL 11 PY 1998 VL 159 IS 2142 BP 57 EP 57 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZZ600 UT WOS:000074746400038 ER PT J AU Armstrong, T Buchanan, C Corbin, B Geer, S Gustafson, R Hu, M Lindgren, M Marriner, J Martens, M Muller, T Ray, R Scott, A Snow, GR Streets, J Wester, W AF Armstrong, T Buchanan, C Corbin, B Geer, S Gustafson, R Hu, M Lindgren, M Marriner, J Martens, M Muller, T Ray, R Scott, A Snow, GR Streets, J Wester, W CA APEX Collaboration TI A detector to search for antiproton decay at the Fermilab Antiproton Accumulator SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE antimatter; antiproton; CPT; detector; Fermilab; proton AB We describe the experimental apparatus used by the APE): experiment (Experiment 868) at the Fermilab Antiproton Accumulator. The experiment is designed to search for decays of 8.9 GeV/c antiprotons as they traverse a 3.7 m long evacuated decay tank inserted in a straight section of the Antiproton Accumulator ring. The detector components in the experimental set-up are discussed individually, and the performance of the experiment during data-taking is described, (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Snow, GR (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 1998 VL 411 IS 2-3 BP 210 EP 222 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00009-6 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 105TB UT WOS:000075088700003 ER PT J AU Astbury, A Aubert, B Auge, E Baisin, L Barreiro, F Battistoni, G Bazan, A Baze, JM Beaudoin, G Beaugiraud, B Berset, JC Boniface, J Boos, E Breton, D Camin, DV Canton, B Cavalli, D Chase, R Chekhtman, A Chevalley, JL Chmeissani, M Chollet, JC Citterio, M Colas, J Collot, J Costa, G Cousinou, MC Cozzi, L Dargent, P David, J Davis, RA Delagnes, E de LaTaille, C Del Peso, J Depommier, P de Saintignon, P Dinkespiller, B Eek, LO Etienne, F Eynard, G Fassnacht, P Fayard, L Fedyakin, N Fernandez, E Ferrari, A Fouchez, D Fournier, D Garcia, J Garrido, L Genat, JF Gianotti, F Gildemeister, O Gingrich, DM Gonzales, J Gordon, HA Gosset, L Greenious, G Hervas, L Hostachy, JY Hrisoho, A Imbault, D Jacquier, Y Jezequel, S Keeler, R Kitching, P Labarga, L Lavocat, P Le Dortz, O Lefebvre, M Leflour, T Leon-Florian, E Leroy, C Linossier, O Lissauer, D Lottin, JP Lund-Jensen, B Ma, H Mahout, G Makowiecki, D Mandelli, L Mansoulie, B Marin, CP Martin, L Martinez, M Mazzanti, M Merkel, B Meyer, JP Miotto, A Monnier, E Nagy, E Nessi, M Nicoleau, S Nikolic, I Noppe, JM Olivetto, C Olsen, B Padilla, C Parrour, G Perini, L Petroff, P Pinfold, JL Poggioli, L Puzo, P Radeka, V Rahm, DC Renardy, JF Rescia, S Resconi, S Richer, JP Richter, W Robertson, S Rodning, NL Romero, P Roy, P Sala, P Sauvage, G Savoy-Moreau, N Serin, L Simion, S Soderqvist, J Stephani, D Taguet, JP Takai, H Teiger, J Thion, J Tisserand, V Tisserant, S VanDenPlas, D Veillet, JJ Vichou, I Vuillemin, V Walter, C White, J Wingerter-Seez, I Zhautykov, BO Zitoun, R Zolnierowski, YP AF Astbury, A Aubert, B Auge, E Baisin, L Barreiro, F Battistoni, G Bazan, A Baze, JM Beaudoin, G Beaugiraud, B Berset, JC Boniface, J Boos, E Breton, D Camin, DV Canton, B Cavalli, D Chase, R Chekhtman, A Chevalley, JL Chmeissani, M Chollet, JC Citterio, M Colas, J Collot, J Costa, G Cousinou, MC Cozzi, L Dargent, P David, J Davis, RA Delagnes, E de LaTaille, C Del Peso, J Depommier, P de Saintignon, P Dinkespiller, B Eek, LO Etienne, F Eynard, G Fassnacht, P Fayard, L Fedyakin, N Fernandez, E Ferrari, A Fouchez, D Fournier, D Garcia, J Garrido, L Genat, JF Gianotti, F Gildemeister, O Gingrich, DM Gonzales, J Gordon, HA Gosset, L Greenious, G Hervas, L Hostachy, JY Hrisoho, A Imbault, D Jacquier, Y Jezequel, S Keeler, R Kitching, P Labarga, L Lavocat, P Le Dortz, O Lefebvre, M Leflour, T Leon-Florian, E Leroy, C Linossier, O Lissauer, D Lottin, JP Lund-Jensen, B Ma, H Mahout, G Makowiecki, D Mandelli, L Mansoulie, B Marin, CP Martin, L Martinez, M Mazzanti, M Merkel, B Meyer, JP Miotto, A Monnier, E Nagy, E Nessi, M Nicoleau, S Nikolic, I Noppe, JM Olivetto, C Olsen, B Padilla, C Parrour, G Perini, L Petroff, P Pinfold, JL Poggioli, L Puzo, P Radeka, V Rahm, DC Renardy, JF Rescia, S Resconi, S Richer, JP Richter, W Robertson, S Rodning, NL Romero, P Roy, P Sala, P Sauvage, G Savoy-Moreau, N Serin, L Simion, S Soderqvist, J Stephani, D Taguet, JP Takai, H Teiger, J Thion, J Tisserand, V Tisserant, S VanDenPlas, D Veillet, JJ Vichou, I Vuillemin, V Walter, C White, J Wingerter-Seez, I Zhautykov, BO Zitoun, R Zolnierowski, YP CA RD3 Collaboration TI Test beam results of a stereo preshower integrated in the liquid argon accordion calorimeter SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; DETECTOR AB This paper describes the construction of an integrated preshower within the RD3 liquid argon accordion calorimeter, It has a stereo view which enables the measurement of two transverse coordinates. The prototype was tested at CERN with electrons, photons and muons to validate its capability to work at LHC (Energy resolution, impact point resolution, angular resolution, pi degrees/gamma rejection). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 LAPP, Annecy, France. Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. LAL, Orsay, France. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Autonoma Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Fis, I-20122 Milan, Italy. Sez INFN, Milan, Italy. CE Saclay, SPP, DAPNIA, DSM,CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. HEPI, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Univ Paris 06, LPNHE, Paris, France. Univ Paris 07, Paris, France. CPP Marseille, Marseille, France. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Grenoble 1, ISN, IN2P3, Grenoble, France. Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Royal Inst Technol, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Jezequel, S (reprint author), LAPP, Annecy, France. RI Rescia, Sergio/D-8604-2011; Takai, Helio/C-3301-2012; Boos, Eduard/D-9748-2012; sala, paola/E-2868-2013; Chmeissani, Mokhtar/G-4346-2015; delagnes, eric/G-8782-2011; Fernandez, Enrique/L-5387-2014 OI Garrido Beltran, Lluis/0000-0001-8883-6539; Rescia, Sergio/0000-0003-2411-8903; Takai, Helio/0000-0001-9253-8307; sala, paola/0000-0001-9859-5564; Chmeissani, Mokhtar/0000-0002-2287-4791; Fernandez, Enrique/0000-0002-6405-9488 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 1998 VL 411 IS 2-3 BP 313 EP 329 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00342-8 PG 17 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 105TB UT WOS:000075088700011 ER PT J AU Fitzsimmons, MR Lutt, M Kinder, H Prusseit, W AF Fitzsimmons, MR Lutt, M Kinder, H Prusseit, W TI YBCO films as Meissner screens in the control of polarized neutron beams - Observations and calculations SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article AB The expulsion of magnetic induction from a thin film of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) - the Meissner effect, was used to permit the reversal of magnetic fields across the film that produced spin reversal of a polarized neutron beam. We report the design and performance of such a device called a cryo-flipper. We compare the measured performance of the YBCO-cryo-flipper to the performance expected on the basis of calculations of the magnetic fields around the film and the precession of neutron spins through these fields, and comment on the advantages of such a system compared to cryo-flippers based on a superconducting niobium foil. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. TU Munchen, Dept Phys, D-85747 Garching, Germany. RP Fitzsimmons, MR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 1998 VL 411 IS 2-3 BP 401 EP 416 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00008-4 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 105TB UT WOS:000075088700022 ER PT J AU Charlton, LA Barnes, JM Gabriel, TA Johnson, JO AF Charlton, LA Barnes, JM Gabriel, TA Johnson, JO TI Spallation neutron source moderator design SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE spallation neutron source; neutron; neutronic; moderator; target station; reflector AB This paper describes various aspects of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) moderator design. included are the effects of varying the moderator location, interaction effects between moderators, and the impact on neutron output when various reflector materials are used. Also included is a study of the neutron output from composite moderators, where it is found that a combination of liquid H2O and liquid H-2 can produce a spectrum very similar to liquid methane (L-CH4). (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Charlton, LA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Phys & Engn Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 11 PY 1998 VL 411 IS 2-3 BP 494 EP 502 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(98)00312-X PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 105TB UT WOS:000075088700029 ER PT J AU Rearden, P Sajonz, P Guiochon, G AF Rearden, P Sajonz, P Guiochon, G TI Detailed study of the mass transfer kinetics of Troger's base on cellulose triacetate SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE mass transfer; kinetic studies; adsorption isotherms; axial dispersion; stationary phases, LC; cellulose triacetate stationary phase; Troger's base ID CHROMATOGRAPHIC-SEPARATION; FRONTAL ANALYSIS; ENANTIOMERS; ISOTHERMS; ACCURACY AB The adsorption isotherm of S-Troger's base on microcrystalline cellulose triacetate was measured by frontal analysis at several flow-rates between 0.2 and 1.2 ml/min. Two chromatographic models were used in order to study the kinetics of mass transfer between the two phases and to derive plate height values, the equilibrium-dispersive model and the transport model of chromatography. The dependence of the plate height on the flow velocity and on the solute concentration was studied. A modified Van Deemter equation was used to separate the contributions due to slow mass transfer and to axial dispersion. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guiochon, G (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUL 10 PY 1998 VL 813 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(98)00253-2 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 101GW UT WOS:000074862100001 ER PT J AU Henderson, LF Menikoff, R AF Henderson, LF Menikoff, R TI Triple-shock entropy theorem and its consequences SO JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article ID MACH REFLECTION; WAVE REFLECTIONS; STEADY FLOWS; TRANSITION; RECONSIDERATION; INTERFACE; EMISSION; FRONTS AB For a convex equation of state, a general theorem on shock waves is proved: a sequence of two shocks has a lower entropy than a single shock to the same final pressure. We call this the triple-shock entropy theorem. This theorem has important consequences for shock interactions. In one dimension the interaction of two shock waves of the opposite family always results in two outgoing shock waves. In two dimensions the intersection of three shocks, such as a Mach configuration, must have a contact. Moreover, the state behind the Mach stem has a higher entropy than the state behind the reflected shock. For the transition between a regular and Mach reflection, this suggests that the von Neumann (mechanical equilibrium) criterion would be prefered based on thermodynamic stability, i.e. maximum entropy subject to the system constraint that the total specific enthalpy is fixed. However, to explain the observed hysteresis of the transition we propose an analogy with phase transitions in which locally stable wave patterns (regular or Mach reflection) play the role of meta-stable thermodynamic states. The hysteresis effect would occur only when the transition threshold exceeds the background fluctuations. The transition threshold is affected by flow gradients in the neighbourhood of the shock intersection point and the background fluctuations are due to acoustic noise. Consequently, the occurrence of hysteresis is sensitive to the experimental design, and only under special circumstances is hysteresis observed. C1 CNRS, Aerotherm Lab, F-92190 Meudon, France. Tohoku Univ, Inst Fluid Sci, Shock Wave Res Ctr, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Mech Engn, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Henderson, LF (reprint author), 8 Damour Av,E Lindfield, Sydney, NSW 2070, Australia. NR 42 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0022-1120 J9 J FLUID MECH JI J. Fluid Mech. PD JUL 10 PY 1998 VL 366 BP 179 EP 210 DI 10.1017/S0022112098001244 PG 32 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 104LY UT WOS:000075017600007 ER PT J AU Sorey, ML Evans, WC Kennedy, BM Farrar, CD Hainsworth, LJ Hausback, B AF Sorey, ML Evans, WC Kennedy, BM Farrar, CD Hainsworth, LJ Hausback, B TI Carbon dioxide and helium emissions from a reservoir of magmatic gas beneath Mammoth Mountain, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID LONG-VALLEY CALDERA; NOBLE-GASES; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM; CO2 EMISSION; ISOTOPES; ERUPTIONS; UNREST; WATER; FRACTIONATION AB Carbon dioxide and helium with isotopic compositions indicative of a magmatic source (delta(13)C = -4.5 to -5 parts per thousand, He-3/He-4 = 4.5 to 6.7 R-A) are discharging at anomalous rates from Mammoth Mountain, on the southwestern rim of the Long Valley caldera in eastern California. The gas is released mainly as diffuse emissions from normal-temperature soils, but some gas issues from steam vents or leaves the mountain dissolved in cold groundwater. The rate of gas discharge increased significantly in 1989 following a 6-month period of persistent earthquake swarms and associated strain and ground deformation that has been attributed td dike emplacement beneath the mountain. An increase in the magmatic component of helium discharging in a steam vent on the north side of Mammoth Mountain, which also began in 1989, has Persisted until the present time. Anomalous CO2 discharge from soils first occurred during the winter of 1990 and was followed by observations of several areas of tree kill and/or heavier than normal needlecast the following summer. Subsequent measurements have confirmed that the tree kills are associated with CO2 concentrations of 30-90% in soil gas and gas flow rates of up to 31,000 g m(-2) d(-1) at the soil surface. Each of the tree-kill areas and one area of CO2 discharge above tree line occurs in close proximity to one or more normal faults, which may provide conduits for gas flow from depth. We estimate that the total diffuse CO2, flux from the mountain is approximately 520 t/d,and that 30-50 t/d of CO2 are dissolved in cold groundwater flowing off the flanks of the mountain. Isotopic and chemical analyses of soil and fumarolic gas demonstrate a remarkable homogeneity in composition, suggesting that the CO2 and associated helium and excess nitrogen may be derived from a common gas reservoir whose source is associated with some combination of magmatic degassing and thermal metamorphism of metasedimentary locks. Furthermore, N-2/Ar ratios and nitrogen isotopic values indicate that the Mammoth Mountain gases sire derived from sources separate from those that supply gas to the hydrothermal system within the Long Valley caldera. Various data suggest that the Mammoth Mountain gas reservoir is a large, low: temperature cap over an isolated hydrothermal system, that it predates the 1989 intrusion, and that it could remain a Source of gas discharge for some time. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US Geol Survey, Carnelian Bay, CA 96140 USA. Emory & Henry Coll, Dept Chem, Emory, VA 24327 USA. Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Geol, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. RP Sorey, ML (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 439, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. EM mlsorey@usgs.gov; wcevans@usgs.gov; bmkennedy@lbl.gov; cdfarrar@usgs.gov; ljhainsw@ehc.edu; hausback@scus.edu RI Evans, William/J-4283-2012 NR 71 TC 112 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD JUL 10 PY 1998 VL 103 IS B7 BP 15303 EP 15323 DI 10.1029/98JB01389 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ZZ354 UT WOS:000074721000017 ER PT J AU Lyakhov, DL He, B Zhang, X Studier, FW Dunn, JJ McAllister, WT AF Lyakhov, DL He, B Zhang, X Studier, FW Dunn, JJ McAllister, WT TI Pausing and termination by bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE T7 lysozyme; transcriptional pausing; transcript termination; termination kinetics; conformation change ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSCRIPTION; DNA; INITIATION; PROMOTER; MECHANISM; PROTEIN; CLONING; GENE AB Two types of sites are known to cause pausing and/or termination by bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase (RNAP). Termination at class I sites (typified by the signal found in the late region of T7 DNA, T Phi) involves the formation of a stable stem-loop structure in the nascent RNA ahead of the point of termination, and results in termination near runs of U. Class II sites, typified by a signal first identified in the cloned human preproparathyroid hormone (PTH) gene, generate no evident structure in the RNA but contain a conserved sequence ahead of the point of termination, and also contain runs of U. Termination at class I and class II sites may involve non-equivalent mechanisms, as mutants of T7 RNA polymerase have been identified that fail to recognize class II sites yet continue to recognize class I sites. In this work, we have analyzed pausing and termination at several class II sites, and variants of them. We conclude that the 7 bp sequence ATCTGTT (5' to 3' in the non-template strand) causes transcribing T7 or T3 RNA polymerase to pause. Termination 6 to 8 bp past this sequence is favored by the presence of runs of Il, perhaps because they destabilize an RNA:DNA hybrid. The effects of T7 lysozyme on pausing and termination are consistent with the idea that termination involves a reversion of the polymerase from the elongation to the initiation conformation, and that lysozyme inhibits the return to the elongation conformation. A kinetic model of pausing and termination is presented that provides a consistent interpretation of our results. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Morse Inst Mol Genet, Dept Immunol & Microbiol, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Russian Acad Sci, VA Engelhardt Mol Biol Inst, Moscow 117984, Russia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McAllister, WT (reprint author), SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Morse Inst Mol Genet, Dept Immunol & Microbiol, 450 Clarkson Ave,Box 44, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM38147] NR 35 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD JUL 10 PY 1998 VL 280 IS 2 BP 201 EP 213 DI 10.1006/jmbi.1998.1854 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 101FA UT WOS:000074857900003 PM 9654445 ER PT J AU Tanner, DD Kandanarachchi, P Das, NC Brausen, M Vo, CT Camaioni, DM Franz, JA AF Tanner, DD Kandanarachchi, P Das, NC Brausen, M Vo, CT Camaioni, DM Franz, JA TI Reactions of microwave-generated O(P-3) atoms with unsaturated hydrocarbons SO JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN; OXYGEN; HEXAMETHYLBENZENE; DISCHARGE; OLEFINS; PHASES; O-2 AB The reactions of neat olefins or solutions of olefins in acetone at low temperature with oxygen atoms were examined. O(P-3) atoms were produced by microwave irradiation of He/O-2 mixtures, followed by contact of the plasma with the fluid at low pressure and temperature. Addition of oxygen atoms to olefins results in skeletal rearrangements involving hydrogen and alkyl migration reactions and ring rearrangements of the intermediate oxygen adducts in competition with epoxide formation. While epoxide formation predominates for simple olefins such as 1- and 4-octene with minor yields of rearrangement products, for highly substituted or strained olefins, such as norbornadiene, skeletal rearrangement dominates following oxygen atom addition, When oxidation of norbornadiene is carried out in the presence of a radical inhibitor to suppress secondary oxidation leading to benzene, the novel ring-rearrangement product, bicyclo[3.(2,3)1.0]hex-3-ene-endo-6-carboxaldehyde, is produced from norbornadiene in significant yields. C1 Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Tanner, DD (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Chem, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada. NR 43 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0022-3263 J9 J ORG CHEM JI J. Org. Chem. PD JUL 10 PY 1998 VL 63 IS 14 BP 4587 EP 4593 DI 10.1021/jo972083g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 102NL UT WOS:000074930500009 ER PT J AU Chang, KW Wessels, BW Qian, W Dravid, VP Schindler, JL Kannewurf, CR Studebaker, DB Marks, TJ Feenstra, R AF Chang, KW Wessels, BW Qian, W Dravid, VP Schindler, JL Kannewurf, CR Studebaker, DB Marks, TJ Feenstra, R TI In situ growth and doping of oxycarbonate Sr2CuO2(CO3) epitaxial thin films SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE chemical vapor deposition; oxycarbonate thin films; transport properties; RBS spectroscopy; infrared spectroscopy; TEM ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; CARBON; SERIES; PHASE AB Epitaxial cuprate oxycarbonate Sr2CuO2(CO3) thin films have been prepared by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The effects of deposition conditions on phase stability have been determined. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the oxycarbonate thin films. The resistivity of the undoped Sr2CuO2(CO3) thin films decreases from similar to 0.2 Omega cm to similar to 0.01 Omega cm upon post annealing in oxygen, but semiconducting behavior is observed. Doping has been achieved through partial substitution of BO33- for CO32-. Superconductivity with a T-c ((onset)) of 34 K and a T-c(zero) of 20 K has been obtained. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Sci & Technol Ctr Superconduct, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Sci & Technol Ctr Superconduct, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Sci & Technol Ctr Superconduct, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wessels, BW (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Sci & Technol Ctr Superconduct, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM b-wessels@nwu.edu RI Dravid, Vinayak/B-6688-2009; Wessels, Bruce/B-7541-2009 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUL 10 PY 1998 VL 303 IS 1-2 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(98)00218-4 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 106VV UT WOS:000075171900002 ER PT J AU Mun, MO Kim, MS Lee, SI Cho, BK Yang, IS Lee, WC Canfield, PC AF Mun, MO Kim, MS Lee, SI Cho, BK Yang, IS Lee, WC Canfield, PC TI Determination of the precise upper critical field of YNi2B2C superconductor SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE upper critical field; YNi2B2C superconductor; paramagnetic susceptibility; Curie-Weiss behavior ID ANOMALOUS TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL AB The paramagnetic susceptibility of YNi2B2C single crystal in a high magnetic field is found to be about 2 x 10(-5) cm(3)/mol, which is one order of magnitude smaller than the previous reports. The paramagnetic behavior is caused by the sample impurity, not by the intrinsic magnetism of the YNi2B2C superconductor and shows simple Curie-Weiss behavior. In this case, an upper critical field of the YNi2B2C can be easily obtained by extracting the paramagnetic contribution. The upper critical field shows an anomalous behavior, the steep rising at the low temperature region. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang Superconduct Ctr, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Ewha Womans Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 120750, South Korea. Sookmyung Womens Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 140742, South Korea. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Mun, MO (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD JUL 10 PY 1998 VL 303 IS 1-2 BP 57 EP 59 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(98)00234-2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 106VV UT WOS:000075171900009 ER PT J AU Bardeen, MG Lederman, LM AF Bardeen, MG Lederman, LM TI Policy forum: Science education - Coherence in science education SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Educ Off, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Bardeen, MG (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Educ Off, MS 226,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 10 PY 1998 VL 281 IS 5374 BP 178 EP 179 DI 10.1126/science.281.5374.178 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZZ286 UT WOS:000074714200021 ER PT J AU Guilderson, TP Schrag, DP AF Guilderson, TP Schrag, DP TI Abrupt shift in subsurface temperatures in the Tropical Pacific associated with changes in El Nino SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; NORTH PACIFIC; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; OCEAN; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; RADIOCARBON; CIRCULATION; TRITIUM; TRENDS AB Radiocarbon (C-14) content of surface waters inferred from a coral record from the Galapagos Islands increased abruptly during the upwelling season (July through September) after the El Nino event of 1976. Sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) associated with the upwelling season also shifted after 1976. The synchroneity of the shift in both C-14 and SST implies that the vertical thermal structure of the eastern tropical Pacific changed in 1976. This change may be responsible for the increase in frequency and intensity of El Nino events since 1976. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Guilderson, TP (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 35 TC 159 Z9 167 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 10 PY 1998 VL 281 IS 5374 BP 240 EP 243 DI 10.1126/science.281.5374.240 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZZ286 UT WOS:000074714200043 ER PT J AU DiMelfi, RJ Sanders, PG Hunter, B Eastman, JA Sawley, KJ Leong, KH Kramer, JM AF DiMelfi, RJ Sanders, PG Hunter, B Eastman, JA Sawley, KJ Leong, KH Kramer, JM TI Mitigation of subsurface crack propagation in railroad rails by laser surface modification SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE amorphous metals; friction; laser glazing; railroad rails; rail steels; wear ID BEHAVIOR AB We, address the mitigation of subsurface crack propagation in railroad rails via laser surface modification. Microhardness scans and tensile tests, performed on samples of unused and heavily used rail heads, indicate that the severe cyclic plastic deformation that occurs at rail gage corners, during service, leads to cracking. Reducing rail-wheel friction reduces shear forces that contribute to this problem. Laser glazing, the rapid melting and rapid re-solidification of a thin surface layer, is shown here to reduce the friction coefficient of rail steel. These treatments produce a thin (< 100 mu m) glazed surface layer, intimately bonded to a martensitic heat-affected-zone that is, itself, well bonded to the pearlitic rail steel substrate. The microhardness (Vickers) of the glazed layer ranges from H(v)655 to H(v)800, while that of the heat-affected-zone ranges from H(v)470 to H(v)1072. The pearlitic steel substrate typically has a hardness of H(v)300. Static "block-on-ring" friction experiments on standard specimens extracted from laser-treated samples show reductions in the friction coefficient by about 25% relative to untreated surfaces at loads corresponding to prototypic rail service loads. X-ray scans of treated surfaces were inconclusive regarding the nature of the glazed layer. The top surface of a six-foot length of rail was laser glazed on two areas, each similar to 10 cm long and similar to 2 cm wide. Friction measurements were made on these surfaces on the Association of American Railroad's Cyclic Rolling-Sliding Wear Machine after they were subjected to 20,000 run-in cycles at loads prototypic of service. The laser treatments remained intact after these cycles. Reductions of friction coefficient of similar to 40%, relative to untreated surfaces, were observed, which corresponds to a calculated reduction in the crack propagation rate by similar to 79%. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Assoc Amer Railroads, Res & Test Dept, Pueblo, CO 81001 USA. RP DiMelfi, RJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Eastman, Jeffrey/E-4380-2011; OI Eastman, Jeff/0000-0002-0847-4265 NR 10 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD JUL 10 PY 1998 VL 106 IS 1 BP 30 EP 43 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(98)00487-3 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 108EB UT WOS:000075252100005 ER PT J AU Wang, ZL Harfenist, SA Vezmar, I Whetten, RL Bentley, J Evans, ND Alexander, KB AF Wang, ZL Harfenist, SA Vezmar, I Whetten, RL Bentley, J Evans, ND Alexander, KB TI Superlattices of self-assembled tetrahedral Ag nanocrystals SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CLUSTERS C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, ZL (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011; Wang, Zhong Lin/E-2176-2011 OI Wang, Zhong Lin/0000-0002-5530-0380 NR 19 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD JUL 9 PY 1998 VL 10 IS 10 BP 808 EP 812 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4095(199807)10:10<808::AID-ADMA808>3.3.CO;2-I PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA ZZ913 UT WOS:000074782000013 ER PT J AU Choquette, KD Geib, KM Roberds, B Hou, HQ Twesten, RD Hammons, BE AF Choquette, KD Geib, KM Roberds, B Hou, HQ Twesten, RD Hammons, BE TI Short wavelength bottom-emitting vertical cavity lasers fabricated using wafer bonding SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Selectively oxidized 850nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser diodes which emit through transparent n-type GaP and AlGaAs substrates are reported. The short wavelength bottom-emitting lasers are fabricated using a low temperature inert gas wafer fusion process. Compared to top-emitting lasers, the bottom-emitting lasers bonded to n-type AlGaAs substrates show comparable electrical characteristics, while lasers bonded to n-type GaP substrates exhibit higher series resistance and voltage. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Cpds Semicond Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Choquette, KD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Cpds Semicond Technol, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEE-INST ELEC ENG PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD JUL 9 PY 1998 VL 34 IS 14 BP 1404 EP 1405 DI 10.1049/el:19981002 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 104ZP UT WOS:000075047400028 ER PT J AU Song, XD Perlstein, J Whitten, DG AF Song, XD Perlstein, J Whitten, DG TI Self-assembly of styrylthiophene amphiphiles in aqueous dispersions and interfacial films: Aggregate structure, assembly properties, photochemistry, and photophysics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; TRANS-STILBENE; PHOSPHOLIPID-VESICLES; PHASE-TRANSITION; BENZENE DIMER; MOLECULES; CRYSTALS; PACKING; WATER; MEDIA AB Fatty acids and phosphatidyl choline derivatives incorporating the photoreactive trans-styrylthiophene chromophore have been prepared and studied in Langmuir-Blodgett films and aqueous dispersions, respectively. Both absorption and fluorescence spectra in the assemblies show prominent shifts indicative of aggregation similar to that observed with similar trans-stilbene and ti-ans-azobenzene derivatives previously investigated. Studies of aqueous dispersions of the pure styrylthiophene phospholipids indicate the formation of structures much larger than the typical small unilamellar bilayer vesicles formed from saturated phospholipids of comparable chain length. Studies of the disaggregation process for two of the phospholipids give aggregation numbers of approximately 2 and 6, corresponding to 4 and 12 styrylthiophene units per aggregate. The stability of these aggregates is very similar to those of corresponding stilbene aggregates, and on the basis of spectral similarities it seems reasonable to propose a "pinwheel" fraction of a glide or herringbone structure as the "unit aggregate" and predominate species present in the aqueous dispersions. However, the chief photoreaction observed for the aqueous dispersions of the phospholipids is dimerization to form the syn head-to-head dimer, consistent with topologically controlled reaction from a translation structure in which nearest-neighbor chromophores are aligned parallel. Simulations suggest that while a translation layer structure may be of lowest energy, glide layer structures that show good agreement between measured and predicted properties are also energetically accessible. A possible explanation for the observed reactivity and photophysics is that within the aqueous dispersions there may be equilibration between "glide" and "translation" structures. When mixtures of the styrylthiophene phospholipids and saturated phospholipids are codispersed, bilayer vesicles are formed that are capable of entrapping reagents such as carboxyfluorescein. irradiation of the aggregated trans-styrylthiophene in these vesicles leads to release of the entrapped carboxyfluorescein concurrent with photodimerization of the styrylthiophene. The pattern of reagent release is similar to that observed upon photoisomerization of the corresponding azobenzene aggregates and suggests a "catastrophic" destruction of the vesicles. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Univ Rochester, NSF, Ctr Photoinduced Charge Transfer, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 9 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 28 BP 5440 EP 5450 DI 10.1021/jp973421k PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA ZZ641 UT WOS:000074751500023 ER PT J AU Zepp, RG Gumz, MM Miller, WL Gao, H AF Zepp, RG Gumz, MM Miller, WL Gao, H TI Photoreaction of valerophenone in aqueous solution SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHENYL ALKYL KETONES; NATURAL-WATERS; HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION; TRIPLET BIRADICALS; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; II PHOTOPROCESSES; ORGANIC-MATTER; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHOTOLYSIS; SEAWATER AB Kinetics and products of the photoreaction of the phenyl ketone valerophenone were investigated as a function of temperature, pH, and wavelength in aqueous solution. Under these conditions (<10(-4) M), the photoreactions are pseudo-first-order with respect to valerophenone concentration. Type II quantum yields for photoreaction were close to unity throughout the 290-330 nm spectral region and ill the temperature range from 10 to 40 degrees C. The quantum yields for the photoproducts were 0.65 +/- 0.04 for cleavage to acetophenone and propene and an overall yield of 0.32 +/- 0.03 for cyclization to two cyclobutanols at 20 degrees C. A small amount of 1-phenylcyclopentanol (similar to 2% yield) also was formed. These photoreactions were quenchable by additions of the triplet quenchers sorbic alcohol or sorbic acid, and Stern-Volmer plots were Linear up to at least 80% quenching of the photoreactions. On the basis of quenching studies with steady-state irradiations, the triplet lifetime of valerophenone at 20 degrees C was estimated to be 52 ns, similar to 7 times longer than that observed in hydrocarbon solvents. Since the triplet lifetime is controlled by intramolecular hydrogen abstraction, these results indicate that the rate constant for H abstraction is significantly lowered in aqueous media. The slower H abstraction in aqueous solution is attributed to stabilization of the excited pi,pi* state by water and vibronic mixing and slight inversion of the reactive n,pi* triplet and the unreactive pi,pi* triplet states. This interpretation also is supported by changes in the UV absorption spectra of phenyl ketones in water compared to organic solvents. Red shifts, compared to the polar- organic solvent acetonitrile, were observed,in the pi-pi* transitions of valerophenone and acetophenone, reflecting stabilization of the excited pi,pi* state by water. Other results indicated that the quantum yields for valerophenone photoreaction are pH-independent from pH 9 to pH 2 but decrease significantly below pH 2. The decrease at low pH is attributed to quenching of triplet reactivity via protonation of the excited triplet state. The use of valerophenone as a convenient actinometer for studies in water is discussed; its half-lives during midday exposure to summer sunlight in temperate latitudes are <30 min. C1 US Environmental Protection Agency, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. ORISE, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. TAI Corp, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Zepp, RG (reprint author), US Environmental Protection Agency, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 56 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUL 9 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 28 BP 5716 EP 5723 DI 10.1021/jp981130l PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA ZZ641 UT WOS:000074751500058 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JA Chaturvedi, S Kuhn, M Hrbek, J AF Rodriguez, JA Chaturvedi, S Kuhn, M Hrbek, J TI Reaction of H2S and S-2 with metal/oxide surfaces: Band-gap size and chemical reactivity SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE CORE POTENTIALS; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; HYDROGEN-SULFIDE; CHARGE-DENSITY; CHEMISORPTION; ADSORPTION; SULFUR; MODEL; SITES; MO AB The adsorption and dissociation of H2S and S-2 on a series of oxide (Al2O3, Cr2O3, Cr3O4, Cu2O, ZnO) and metal/oxide (Cu/Al2O3, Cu/ZnO) surfaces have been studied using synchrotron-based high-resolution photoemission. H2S and S-2 mainly interact with the metal centers of the oxides. At 300 K, H2S undergoes complete decomposition. The rate of decomposition on Al2O3 is much lower than those found on Cr3O4, Cr2O3, ZnO, and Cu2O. For these systems, the smaller the band gap in the oxide, the bigger its reactivity toward S-containing molecules. The results of ab initio SCF calculations for the adsorption of H2S, HS, and S on clusters that resemble the (0001) face of alpha-Al2O3, alpha-Cr2O3, and ZnO show that the S-containing species interact stronger with Cr or Zn than with Al centers. These theoretical results and the trends seen in the experimental data indicate that the reactivity of an oxide mainly depends on how well its bands mix with the orbitals of H2S or HS. The electrostatic interactions between the dipole of H2S and the ionic field generated by the charges in the oxide play only a secondary role in the adsorption process. Photoemission results show that the rate of adsorption of H2S and S-2 On Cu/Al2O3 and Cu/ZnO surfaces is much faster than on the pure oxides. A simple model based on perturbation theory and orbital mixing is able to explain the effects of the band-gap size on the reactivity of an oxide and the behavior of metal/oxide surfaces in the presence of S-containing molecules. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rodriguez, JA (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM rodrigez@bnl.gov RI Hrbek, Jan/I-1020-2013 NR 63 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 9 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 28 BP 5511 EP 5519 DI 10.1021/jp9815208 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA ZZ638 UT WOS:000074751000016 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Bizzarri, R Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Cohn, HO Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F DiBitonto, D Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Dutta, S Easo, S Efremenko, Y El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Fenyi, B Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Grunewald, MW Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Innocente, V Jenkes, K Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kamyshkov, Y Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Leggett, C Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Mangla, S Marchesini, P Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG McNally, D Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Mi, Y Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Opitz, H Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Read, K Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Rosselet, P van Rossum, W Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sarkar, S Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tuchscherer, H Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Uwer, U Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Volkert, R Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, WC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yao, XY Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, Z Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O Aguilar-Benitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Bizzarri, R Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Cohn, HO Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Costantini, S Cotorobai, F de la Cruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS D'Alessandro, R de Asmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F DiBitonto, D Diemoz, M van Dierendonck, D Di Lodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Dutta, S Easo, S Efremenko, Y El Mamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Fenyi, B Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN Garcia-Abia, P Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Grunewald, MW Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Haas, D Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A Hirschfelder, J van Hoek, WC Hofer, H Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Innocente, V Jenkes, K Jin, BN Jones, LW de Jong, P Josa-Mutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kamyshkov, Y Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M Kienzle-Focacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A Lacentre, P de Guevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C Lassila-Perini, K Laurikainen, P Lavorato, A Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P Le Coultre, P Lee, HJ Leggett, C Le Goff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Mangla, S Marchesini, P Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG McNally, D Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ von der Mey, M Mi, Y Migani, D Mihul, A van Mil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Moulik, T Mount, R Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessi-Tedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Opitz, H Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palit, S Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S Perret-Gallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Produit, N Prokofiev, D Quartieri, J Rahal-Callot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Read, K Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S van Rhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L Rosier-Lees, S Rosselet, P van Rossum, W Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sarkar, S Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V Schmidt-Kaerst, S Schmitz, D Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tuchscherer, H Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Uwer, U Valente, E Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Vlachos, S Volkert, R Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, WC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yao, XY Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, Z Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F TI Determination of the number of light neutrino species from single photon production at LEP SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID L3 EXPERIMENT; SUPERSYMMETRIC PARTICLES; ANOMALOUS PRODUCTION; E+E COLLISIONS; TOP-QUARK; SEARCH; DETECTOR; ANNIHILATION; RESONANCE AB A determination of the number of light neutrino families performed by measuring the cross section of single photon production in e(+)e(-) collision near the Z resonance is reported. From an integrated luminosity of 100 pb(-1), collected during the years 1991-94, we have observed 2091 single photon candidates with an energy above 1 GeV in the polar angular region 45 degrees < theta(gamma) < 135 degrees. From a maximum likelihood fit to the single photon cross section, the Z decay width into invisible particles is measured to be Gamma(inv) = 498 +/- 12(stat) +/- 12(sys)MeV. Using the Standard Model couplings of neutrinos to the Z, the number of light neutrino species is determined to be N-v = 2.98 +/- 0.07(stat) +/- 0.07(sys). (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Phys 3, D-52056 Aachen, Germany. NIKHEF H, Natl Inst High Energy Phys, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, LAPP, IN2P3, CNRS, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Basel, Inst Phys, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Inst High Energy Phys, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. Humboldt Univ, D-10099 Berlin, Germany. Univ Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Inst Atom Phys, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Univ Bucharest, R-76900 Bucharest, Romania. Hungarian Acad Sci, Cent Res Inst Phys, H-1525 Budapest 114, Hungary. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Florence, I-50139 Florence, Italy. INFN, Sez Firenze, I-50139 Florence, Italy. CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. World Lab, FBLJA Project, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230029, Anhui, Peoples R China. SEFT, Res Inst High Energy Phys, SF-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Univ Lecce, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Claude Bernard, Inst Phys Nucl Lyon, IN2P3, CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. CIEMAT, Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow 117259, Russia. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Naples Federico II, I-80125 Naples, Italy. Univ Cyprus, Dept Nat Sci, Nicosia, Cyprus. Catholic Univ Nijmegen, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Natl Inst Nucl Phys & High Energy Phys, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Univ Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Univ Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Inst Phys Nucl, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Salerno, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. INFN, I-84100 Salerno, Italy. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Santiago, Dept Fis Particulas Elementales, E-15706 Santiago, Spain. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Cent Lab Mechatron & Instrumentat, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr High Energy Phys, Taejon 305701, South Korea. Univ Alabama, University, AL 35486 USA. Univ Utrecht, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. NIKHEF H, NL-3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. DESY, Inst Hochenergiephys, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Natl Cent Univ, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milan, Italy. RI Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Kamyshkov, Yuri/J-7999-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014 OI Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Kamyshkov, Yuri/0000-0002-3789-7152; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787; Ambrosi, Giovanni/0000-0001-6977-9559; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Read, Kenneth/0000-0002-3358-7667; Diemoz, Marcella/0000-0002-3810-8530; Doria, Alessandra/0000-0002-5381-2649; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Bertucci, Bruna/0000-0001-7584-293X; Filthaut, Frank/0000-0003-3338-2247; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023 NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 9 PY 1998 VL 431 IS 1-2 BP 199 EP 208 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00519-X PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 103NN UT WOS:000075163000028 ER PT J AU Ammar, R Baringer, P Bean, A Besson, D Coppage, D Darling, C Davis, R Kotov, S Kravchenko, I Kwak, N Zhou, L Anderson, S Kubota, Y Lee, SJ O'Neill, JJ Poling, R Riehle, T Smith, A Alam, MS Athar, SB Ling, Z Mahmood, AH Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Duboscq, JE Fujino, D Gan, KK Hart, T Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Lee, J Schwarthoff, H Spencer, MB Sung, M Undrus, A Wolf, A Zoeller, MM Richichi, SJ Severini, H Skubic, P Bishai, M Fast, J Hinson, JW Menon, N Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Yurko, M Glenn, S Kwon, Y Lyon, AL Roberts, S Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Lingel, K Marsiske, H Perl, ML Savinov, V Ugolini, D Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Korolkov, I Maravin, Y Narsky, I Shelkov, V Staeck, J Stroynowski, R Volobouev, I Ye, J Artuso, M Azfar, F Efimov, A Goldberg, M He, D Kopp, S Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Viehhauser, G Wang, JC Xing, X Bartelt, J Csorna, SE Jain, V McLean, KW Marka, S Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Pomianowski, P Schrenk, S Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Greene, R Perera, LP Zhou, GJ Chadha, M Chan, S Eigen, G Miller, JS Schmidtler, M Urheim, J Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Bliss, DW Jaffe, DE Masek, G Paar, HP Prell, S Sharma, V Asner, DM Gronberg, J Hill, TS Lange, DJ Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Nelson, TK Roberts, D Behrens, BH Ford, WT Gritsan, A Roy, J Smith, JG Alexander, JP Baker, R Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Bloom, K Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Crowcroft, DS Dickson, M von Dombrowski, S Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrich, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Kandaswamy, J Kreinick, DL Lee, T Liu, Y Mistry, NB Ng, CR Nordberg, E Ogg, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Soffer, A Valant-Spaight, B Ward, C Athanas, M Avery, P Jones, CD Lohner, M Patton, S Prescott, C Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Briere, RA Ershov, A Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Yamamoto, H Browder, TE Li, Y Rodriguez, JL Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Palmer, M Selen, M Thaler, JJ Edwards, KW Bellerive, A Janicek, R MacFarlane, DB Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ AF Ammar, R Baringer, P Bean, A Besson, D Coppage, D Darling, C Davis, R Kotov, S Kravchenko, I Kwak, N Zhou, L Anderson, S Kubota, Y Lee, SJ O'Neill, JJ Poling, R Riehle, T Smith, A Alam, MS Athar, SB Ling, Z Mahmood, AH Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Duboscq, JE Fujino, D Gan, KK Hart, T Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Lee, J Schwarthoff, H Spencer, MB Sung, M Undrus, A Wolf, A Zoeller, MM Richichi, SJ Severini, H Skubic, P Bishai, M Fast, J Hinson, JW Menon, N Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Yurko, M Glenn, S Kwon, Y Lyon, AL Roberts, S Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Lingel, K Marsiske, H Perl, ML Savinov, V Ugolini, D Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Korolkov, I Maravin, Y Narsky, I Shelkov, V Staeck, J Stroynowski, R Volobouev, I Ye, J Artuso, M Azfar, F Efimov, A Goldberg, M He, D Kopp, S Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Viehhauser, G Wang, JC Xing, X Bartelt, J Csorna, SE Jain, V McLean, KW Marka, S Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Pomianowski, P Schrenk, S Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Greene, R Perera, LP Zhou, GJ Chadha, M Chan, S Eigen, G Miller, JS Schmidtler, M Urheim, J Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Bliss, DW Jaffe, DE Masek, G Paar, HP Prell, S Sharma, V Asner, DM Gronberg, J Hill, TS Lange, DJ Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Nelson, TK Roberts, D Behrens, BH Ford, WT Gritsan, A Roy, J Smith, JG Alexander, JP Baker, R Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Bloom, K Boisvert, V Cassel, DG Crowcroft, DS Dickson, M von Dombrowski, S Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrich, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Gibbons, L Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Kandaswamy, J Kreinick, DL Lee, T Liu, Y Mistry, NB Ng, CR Nordberg, E Ogg, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Soffer, A Valant-Spaight, B Ward, C Athanas, M Avery, P Jones, CD Lohner, M Patton, S Prescott, C Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Briere, RA Ershov, A Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Yamamoto, H Browder, TE Li, Y Rodriguez, JL Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Palmer, M Selen, M Thaler, JJ Edwards, KW Bellerive, A Janicek, R MacFarlane, DB Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ TI A limit on the mass of the nu(tau) SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article DE tau neutrino mass ID TAU-NEUTRINO MASS; DECAYS; LIBRARY; LEPTONS AB A limit on the mass of the tau neutrino m(v tau) is derived from 4.5 x 10(6) tau pairs produced in an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb(-1) of e(+)e(-) --> gamma* --> tau(+)tau(-) reactions at center of mass energies approximate to 10.6 GeV. The measurement technique involves a two-dimensional extended likelihood analysis, including the dependence of the end-point population on in,, and allows for the first time an explicit background contribution. We use the the decays tau --> 5 pi v(tau) and tau --> 3 pi 2 pi(0)v(tau) to obtain an upper limit of 30 MeV/c(2) at 95% C.L. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. So Methodist Univ, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Inst Particle Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Ithaca Coll, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. BINP, RU-630090 Novosibirsk, Russia. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RI Briere, Roy/N-7819-2014 OI Briere, Roy/0000-0001-5229-1039 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 9 PY 1998 VL 431 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00539-5 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 103NN UT WOS:000075163000029 ER PT J AU Wu, HB Li, X Wang, XB Ding, CF Wang, LS AF Wu, HB Li, X Wang, XB Ding, CF Wang, LS TI Al3Oy (y=0-5) clusters: Sequential oxidation, metal-to-oxide transformation, and photoisomerization SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ALUMINUM CLUSTERS; IRON CLUSTERS; OXYGEN; IONS; CHEMISORPTION; MOLECULES; AL AB Photoelectron spectra of a series of Al3Oy- clusters (y=0-5) are presented at several photon energies: 532, 355, 266, and 193 nm. The electron affinities and low-lying electronic states of the Al3Oy clusters are reported. The photoelectron spectra clearly reveal a sequential oxidation behavior and how the electronic structure of the clusters evolves from that of a metal cluster at Al, to that of a complete oxide cluster at Al3O5: Two valence electrons of Al-3 are observed to be transferred to each additional O atom until Al3O5, where all the nine valence electrons of Al-3 are transferred to the five O atoms. The anion, Al3O5, which can be viewed as (Al3+)(3)(O2-)(5), is found to be a closed shell cluster, yielding an extremely high electron affinity for Al3O5 (4.92 eV). The electron affinities of the remaining clusters are: 1.90 (Al-3), 1.57 eV (Al3O), 2.18 eV (Al3O2), 2.80 eV (Al3O3), and 3.58 eV (Al3O3) An electronic excited state of Al; is also observed at 0.40 eV above the Al; ground state. Isomers are observed for all the oxide clusters with lower electron affinities; Particularly, vibrational structures are observed for the two isomers of Al3O3-, as well as a photoisomerization process between the two isomers. The structure and bonding of the oxide clusters are discussed based on the experimental data and the known structures for Al-3 and Al3O. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, WR Wiley Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, 2710 Univ Dr, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 38 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 2 BP 449 EP 458 DI 10.1063/1.476583 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 108FM UT WOS:000075255400012 ER PT J AU Sibbald, MS Chumanov, G Small, G Cotton, TM AF Sibbald, MS Chumanov, G Small, G Cotton, TM TI Multiple-overtone resonance Raman scattering and fluorescence from I-2 species adsorbed on silver surfaces SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITATION PROFILES; MOLECULES; COLLOIDS; SPECTRA AB A detailed excitation profile of a Raman progression consisting of up to six overtones and a fundamental band at 123 cm(-1) observed from iodide adsorbed on an electrochemically roughened silver surface at 20 K is analyzed. The excitation profile was constructed from 77 spectra obtained by tuning the laser wavelength in similar to 0.25 nm steps through the spectral range 409 nm-433 nm. The shift between resonances in the excitation profile, corresponding to the spacing between vibronic levels in the excited state, is also equal to 123 cm(-1) indicating that the ground state and excited state potential energy surfaces have the same shape. Only two distinct resonances spaced three vibrational quanta apart were evident in the profile for each band in the progression. Curve fitting of the Raman band shapes indicates that each overtone is composed of one sharp and one broad band, whereas the fundamental contains only one sharp component. The measured width of the fundamental was less than 2.5 cm(-1) FWHM, limited by the instrument function. It is proposed that the sharp Raman bands represent a normal vibrational mode of a surface-adsorbed I-2-like species with the width determined by the intrinsic vibrational dephasing in the ground state. On the other hand, the broad Raman bands reflect vibronic coupling between different I-2-like species adsorbed on the same Ag cluster. The broad bandwidths result from both dephasing associated with the vibronic coupling and the intrinsic vibrational dephasing. Other weak emission bands are attributed to resonance fluorescence corresponding to direct transitions from higher vibronic levels of the excited state to the ground state. An emission at 429.9 nm is assigned to exciton recombination in small silver iodide clusters which are formed after spontaneous oxidation of the iodide-modified silver surface. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Chumanov, G (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 2 BP 753 EP 762 DI 10.1063/1.476614 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 108FM UT WOS:000075255400046 ER PT J AU Tillman, PA Rottach, DR McCoy, JD Plimpton, SJ Curro, JG AF Tillman, PA Rottach, DR McCoy, JD Plimpton, SJ Curro, JG TI The structure and thermodynamics of energetically and structurally asymmetric polymer blends SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTEGRAL-EQUATION THEORY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; PHASE-SEPARATION; MELTS; FLUIDS AB Simple polymer blends were studied by simulations with the intent of probing the response of structurally asymmetric chains to progressively stronger attractive interactions strengths. It was found, for miscible blends, that the intermolecular pair correlation functions, the g(r)'s, varied by less than 10% from those of the associated blend with strictly repulsive interactions. When used for the purposes of calculating changes in pressure due to the attractive strength, the g(r)'s from either the repulsive or attractive systems could be used interchangeably in the perturbation theory. On the other hand, calculations of the enthalpic chi parameter were sensitive to small variations in the g(r)'s, although, at least for the systems studied here, the associated predictions of the phase boundaries were relatively insensitive. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RI McCoy, John/B-3846-2010; Rottach, Dana/E-8350-2010 OI McCoy, John/0000-0001-5404-1404; Rottach, Dana/0000-0003-0459-5980 NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUL 8 PY 1998 VL 109 IS 2 BP 806 EP 814 DI 10.1063/1.476620 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 108FM UT WOS:000075255400053 ER PT J AU Wang, LS Wang, XB Wu, HB Cheng, HS AF Wang, LS Wang, XB Wu, HB Cheng, HS TI New magic numbers in TixCy- anion clusters and implications for the growth mechanisms of titanium carbide clusters SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BINARY METAL METALLOCARBOHEDRENES; ATOMIC ION EMISSION; CARBON CLUSTERS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; DELAYED IONIZATION; M8C12 CLUSTERS; T-D; TI8C12; STABILITY AB We report observation of new prominent peaks in the TixCy- anion mass spectra from laser vaporization experiments involving a pure Ti target with a CH4-seeded He carrier gas. Both photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional calculations were performed to obtain structural and bonding information for the new prominent anion clusters, including Ti3C8-, Ti4C8-, Ti6C13-, Ti7C13-, Ti9C15-, and Ti13Ca22-. For each cluster, we optimized several structures, evaluated their electron affinities (EAs), and simulated their single particle density of states (DOS). The calculated EAs and DOS of the different structures;were then compared with the experimental photoelectron data. Good agreement between the experiments and calculations was found for the lowest energy isomers considered in each case. We found that three factors, i.e., the C-2 dimer, cubic framework, and layered structures, play essential roles in determining the structures and chemical bonding of the titanium carbide clusters. A growth pathway from Ti13C8 to Ti13C22 with Ti6C13, Ti7C13, and Ti9C15 as intermediates is proposed and discussed. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Air Prod & Chem Inc, Allentown, PA 18195 USA. RP Wang, LS (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 55 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JUL 8 PY 1998 VL 120 IS 26 BP 6556 EP 6562 DI 10.1021/ja9741990 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZZ420 UT WOS:000074727600017 ER PT J AU Morita, DK Pesiri, DR David, SA Glaze, WH Tumas, W AF Morita, DK Pesiri, DR David, SA Glaze, WH Tumas, W TI Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in supercritical carbon dioxide SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID STILLE REACTION; HYDROFORMYLATION; SURFACTANTS; HALIDES AB Palladium-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond coupling reactions, the Heck and Stille reactions, proceed in supercritical carbon dioxide with a number of phosphine ligands including tris[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]phosphine, which affords high conversions and selectivities. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Catalysis Initiat, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Carolina Environm Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Tumas, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Catalysis Initiat, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 21 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD JUL 7 PY 1998 IS 13 BP 1397 EP 1398 DI 10.1039/a802621a PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA ZY601 UT WOS:000074640000037 ER PT J AU Rye, RR Yost, FG O'Toole, EJ AF Rye, RR Yost, FG O'Toole, EJ TI Capillary flow in irregular surface grooves SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article AB 1-Heptanol flow in irregularly shaped surface grooves in Pd-coated Cu is shown to be an example of Poiseuille flow with simple Washburn kinetics of the form z(2) = C(gamma/mu)t, where gamma is the liquid surface tension, mu is the viscosity, and C is a function of the groove dimensions and the contact angle theta. A shape independent expression is derived for the geometric factor, C(S,w,theta) = (S cos(theta) - w)/4 pi, where w is the width of the groove at the surface and S is the are length, or total length of groove surface in a plane perpendicular to the groove axis. This expression is general for any groove shape and reduces to the form derived previously for V-shaped grooves. Along with scanning electron microscopy, three different techniques, stylus profilometry, laser profilometry, and optical interferometry, were used to characterize the groove geometry, especially to determine S and lo. While reasonable agreement is obtained between literature values of gamma/mu and values obtained from the experimental kinetics, the main conclusion is that measurement of the groove dimensions is the main limitation to experimental verification of the form of C and to the use of the kinetics of groove flow as an absolute measure of the factor gamma/mu. However, we show that if C is calibrated for a specific groove with a known liquid, the kinetics of capillary flow in open surface grooves furnishes a simple, easily applied method for measurement of the surface tension-to-viscosity ratio, gamma/mu. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Rye, RR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 13 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 7 PY 1998 VL 14 IS 14 BP 3937 EP 3943 DI 10.1021/la9712247 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA ZZ807 UT WOS:000074769100031 ER PT J AU Mishmar, D Rahat, A Scherer, SW Nyakatura, G Hinzmann, B Kohwi, Y Mandel-Gutfroind, Y Lee, JR Drescher, B Sas, DE Margalit, H Platzer, M Weiss, A Tsui, LC Rosenthal, A Kerem, B AF Mishmar, D Rahat, A Scherer, SW Nyakatura, G Hinzmann, B Kohwi, Y Mandel-Gutfroind, Y Lee, JR Drescher, B Sas, DE Margalit, H Platzer, M Weiss, A Tsui, LC Rosenthal, A Kerem, B TI Molecular characterization of a common fragile site (FRA7H) on human chromosome 7 by the cloning of a simian virus 40 integration site SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID FRAXE MENTAL-RETARDATION; SUPERCOILED PLASMID DNA; RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA; TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT; VIRAL INTEGRATION; X-SYNDROME; DELAYED REPLICATION; GENE; SEQUENCE; INSTABILITY AB Common fragile sites are chromosomal loci prone to breakage and rearrangement, hypothesized to provide targets for foreign DNA integration. We cloned a simian virus 40 integration site and showed by fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis that the integration event had occurred within a common aphidicolin-induced fragile site on human chromosome 7, FRA7H. A region of 161 kb spanning FRA7H was defined and sequenced, Several regions with a potential unusual DNA structure, including high-flexibility, low-stability, and non-B-DNA-forming sequences were identified in this region. We performed a similar analysis on the published FRA3B sequence and the putative partial FRA7G, which also revealed an impressive cluster of regions with high flexibility and low stability. Thus, these unusual DNA characteristics are possibly intrinsic properties of common fragile sites that may affect their replication and condensation as well as organization, and may lead to fragility. C1 Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Life Sci, Dept Genet, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. Hosp Sick Children, Dept Genet, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Inst Mol Biotechnol, Dept Genome Anal, D-07745 Jena, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Genet & Biotechnol, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Kerem, B (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Life Sci, Dept Genet, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RI Tsui, Lap-chee/A-1081-2010; Howe, Jennifer/I-9013-2012; Scherer, Stephen /B-3785-2013; Margalit, Hanah/H-1651-2013; OI Scherer, Stephen /0000-0002-8326-1999; Mishmar, Dan/0000-0003-3488-8792 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA51377] NR 49 TC 166 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 7 PY 1998 VL 95 IS 14 BP 8141 EP 8146 DI 10.1073/pnas.95.14.8141 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZZ317 UT WOS:000074717300055 PM 9653154 ER PT J AU Nipko, JC Loong, CK Balkas, CM Davis, RF AF Nipko, JC Loong, CK Balkas, CM Davis, RF TI Phonon density of states of bulk gallium nitride SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLASMON COUPLED MODES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HIGH-PRESSURE; GAN; SPECTROSCOPY; GROWTH; PHASE; FILMS; ALN AB We report the measured phonon density of states of a bulk GaN powder by time-of-Right neutron spectroscopy. The observed one-phonon excitation spectrum consists of two broad bands centered at about 23 and 39 meV corresponding to the acoustic and the first group of optical phonons; two sharp bands of upper optic modes at about 75 and 86 meV; and a gap of 45-65 meV. The phonon dispersion curves, lattice specific heat, and Debye temperature are calculated from fitting the data with a rigid-ion model. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Nipko, JC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Davis, Robert/A-9376-2011 OI Davis, Robert/0000-0002-4437-0885 NR 39 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 1 BP 34 EP 36 DI 10.1063/1.121714 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108PT UT WOS:000075275200012 ER PT J AU Yu, KM Ridgway, MC AF Yu, KM Ridgway, MC TI Zinc and phosphorus co-implantation in indium phosphide SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION-IMPLANTATION; ELECTRICAL-ACTIVITY; LATTICE LOCATION; N-TYPE; INP; SEMICONDUCTORS; GAAS; FE AB Electrical activation and dopant diffusion in Zn-implanted InP after rapid thermal annealing have been investigated. For an as-implanted Zn concentration of similar to 4x10(19) cm(-3), only similar to 7% of the implanted Zn atoms formed electrically active shallow accepters following a 950 degrees C/5 s annealing cycle. The low activation was the result of rapid Zn out-diffusion-only similar to 14% of the implanted dopant was retained after annealing. A significant enhancement in electrical activation and a reduction in Zn loss were achieved in Zn+P co-implanted samples which yielded a net hole concentration of less than or equal to 6x10(18) cm(-3) and >50% Zn retention. The saturation of the free hole concentration in Zn+P co-implanted samples was attributed to the formation of Zn interstitial donors and Group-V-related donor-type native defects. For comparison, Zn+Al and Zn+Al+P co-implanted samples were also examined to distinguish the relative influences of implantation-induced disorder and nonstoichiometry on electrical activation and dopant diffusion. For the given implant conditions, we found that nonstoichiometry was the dominant influence. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Yu, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Yu, Kin Man/J-1399-2012; Ridgway, Mark/D-9626-2011 OI Yu, Kin Man/0000-0003-1350-9642; Ridgway, Mark/0000-0002-0642-0108 NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 1 BP 52 EP 54 DI 10.1063/1.121720 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108PT UT WOS:000075275200018 ER PT J AU Seager, CH AF Seager, CH TI Electric field control of cathodoluminescence from phosphors excited at low electron energies SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB It is demonstrated that electric fields applied across phosphor layers strongly influence the cathodaluminescence emitted from these materials at low electron beam energies. The magnitude of these effects suggest that the primary mechanism may be alteration of the relative capture rates of electrons and holes at surface or near-surface defect sites associated with nonradiative energy losses. The sign of these effects in the two materials investigated suggests that the rate limiting step at low electric fields is the capture of electrons. Strong evidence for field-induced polarization and trapping of the beam-created electron-hole pair population is also presented. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Seager, CH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 1 BP 85 EP 87 DI 10.1063/1.121732 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108PT UT WOS:000075275200029 ER PT J AU Petkov, MP Marek, T Asoka-Kumar, P Lynn, KG Crandall, RS Mahan, AH AF Petkov, MP Marek, T Asoka-Kumar, P Lynn, KG Crandall, RS Mahan, AH TI An investigation of hydrogenized amorphous Si structures with Doppler broadening positron annihilation techniques SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPOSITION; LIFETIME; SURFACES; QUALITY; FILMS AB In this letter, we examine the feasibility of applying positron annihilation spectroscopy to the study of hydrogenized amorphous silicon (a-Si:H)-based structures produced by chemical vapor deposition techniques. The positron probe, sensitive to open volume formations, is used to characterize neutral and negatively charged silicon dangling bonds, typical for undoped and n-doped a-Si:H, respectively. Using depth profiling along the growth direction a difference was observed in the electronic environment of these defects, which enables their identification in a p-i-n device. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Petkov, MP (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Phys, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM kgl@wsu.edu RI Marek, Tamas/A-7606-2012 OI Marek, Tamas/0000-0001-6076-4289 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 73 IS 1 BP 99 EP 101 DI 10.1063/1.121793 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 108PT UT WOS:000075275200034 ER PT J AU Beletskii, NN Berman, GP Bishop, AR Borisenko, SA AF Beletskii, NN Berman, GP Bishop, AR Borisenko, SA TI Surface polaritons in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction in a high magnetic field SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID PLASMON; EXCITATION; MODES AB The spectrum of the surface polaritons (SP) in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction in the presence of a large transverse quantizing magnetic field is calculated under the quantum Hall effect conditions. The dispersion properties of the SPs are studied taking into consideration the values of the dielectric constants of the GaAs and the AlxGa1-xAs media, and the finite thickness, d, of the AlxGa1-xAs layer. It is shown that in the vicinity of the electron cyclotron resonance, the SPs become slow waves, and their group velocity exhibits stepwise behaviour. The magnitude of these steps is determined by the fine-structure constant, alpha = , the thickness d of the AlxGa1-xAs layer, and the dielectric constants of GaAs and AlxGa1-xAs. It is found that the values of the phase and the group velocities of the SPs can significantly decrease with increasing thickness, d, of the AlxGa1-xAs layer and with increasing difference between the dielectric constants of GaAs and AlxGa1-xAs. Numerical results for the dispersion curves are presented for representative cases. The possibility of experimental observation of the effects considered is discussed. C1 Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Radiophys & Elect, UA-310085 Kharkov, Ukraine. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beletskii, NN (reprint author), Ukrainian Acad Sci, Inst Radiophys & Elect, 12 Academician Proskury St, UA-310085 Kharkov, Ukraine. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 10 IS 26 BP 5781 EP 5790 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/10/26/006 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA ZZ898 UT WOS:000074780600006 ER PT J AU Yu, ZG Bishop, AR Gammel, JT AF Yu, ZG Bishop, AR Gammel, JT TI Low-energy magnetic excitations in La2Cu0.5Li0.5O4 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Letter ID DOPING STATES; LA2CUO4; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SPIN AB Recent experiments have revealed a magnetic excitation with an unexpectedly low energy of similar to 130 meV in La2Cu0.5Li0.5O4. Having noticed that the effective oxygen-oxygen hopping t(pp) is driven to be positive by the surrounding Li ions with s orbitals, we employ a three-band Peierls-Hubbard model with inhomogeneous Hartree-Fock and random-phase approximations and show that this low-energy magnetic excitation can be due to the local triplet-singlet transition in a novel 'spin-Peierls' phase where one half of the CuO4 clusters carry spin, while in the other half spin is quenched. Exact diagonalization of an isolated CuO4 cluster with a positive t(pp) further supports this assignment. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yu, ZG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Yu, Z/B-5547-2009 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 10 IS 26 BP L437 EP L443 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/10/26/001 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA ZZ898 UT WOS:000074780600001 ER PT J AU Gao, HR Angelici, RJ AF Gao, HR Angelici, RJ TI Hydroformylation of 1-octene under atmospheric pressure catalyzed by rhodium carbonyl thiolate complexes tethered to silica SO ORGANOMETALLICS LA English DT Article ID REGIOSELECTIVE HYDROFORMYLATION; SELECTIVE HYDROFORMYLATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CRUCIAL INFLUENCE; OLEFINS; LIGANDS; DERIVATIVES; PRECURSORS; PHOSPHITE; 1-HEXENE AB The silica-tethered rhodium thiolate complex catalysts Rh-S/SiO2 and Rh-S-P/SiO2 were prepared by the condensation of SiO2 with Rh-2[mu-S(CH2)(3)Si(OCH3)(3)](2)(CO)(4) (Rh-S) or Rh-2[mu-S(CH2)(3)Si(OCH3)(3)](2)[Ph2P(CH2)(3)Si(OC2H5)(3)](2)(CO)(2) (Rh-S-P). These tethered complex catalysts exhibit high activity for the hydroformylation of 1-octene in the presence of phosphine donor ligands under the mild conditions of 60 degrees C and 1 atm. IR (DRIFT) spectral studies of the catalysts used indicate that tethered monorhodium dicarbonyl thiolate complexes of the type Rh(SR)(CO)(2)(PR'(3)) are the predominant species on the surface for the catalysts that have the highest hydroformylation activity. The catalysts are easily separated from the reaction mixtures, and the Rh-S/SiO2 Catalyst maintains its activity through at least three cycles over a total period of 69 h, during which time there are 1273 (mol of aldehyde/mol of Rh) turnovers. Effects of the phosphine ligand and PR'(3)/Rh mole ratio on the hydroformylation rate, conversion, and chemo- and regioselectivity for aldehyde products were also investigated. C1 Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Angelici, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 38 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0276-7333 J9 ORGANOMETALLICS JI Organometallics PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 17 IS 14 BP 3063 EP 3069 DI 10.1021/om9800795 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA ZZ658 UT WOS:000074753500022 ER PT J AU Thomas, S Wells, JD AF Thomas, S Wells, JD TI Phenomenology of massive vectorlike doublet leptons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID E+E ANNIHILATION; SUPERSYMMETRIC PARTICLES; PHOTON PRODUCTION; COLLIDERS; PHOTINOS; LEP; FERMIONS; SIGNALS AB Massive vectorlike electroweak doublets are generic in many extensions of the standard model. Even though one member of the doublet is necessarily electrically charged these particles are not easily detected in collider experiments. The neutral and charged states within the doublet are split by electroweak symmetry breaking. In the absence of mixing with other states, the radiatively generated splitting is in the range 200-350 MeV for m greater than or similar to 1/2m(Z). The charged state decays to the neutral one with an O(cm) decay length, predominantly by emission of a soft charged pion. The best possibility to detect these massive charged particles is to trigger on hard initial state radiation and search for two associated soft charged pions with displaced vertices. The mass reach for this process at LEPII is limited by luminosity rather than kinematics. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Thomas, S (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 26 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 34 EP 37 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.34 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZY265 UT WOS:000074602800009 ER PT J AU Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adam, I Adams, DL Adams, M Ahn, S Aihara, H Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Astur, R Baarmand, MM Babukhadia, L Baden, A Balamurali, V Balderston, J Baldin, B Banerjee, S Bantly, J Barberis, E Bartlett, JF Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bertram, I Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Biswas, N Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, P Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Boswell, C Brandt, A Brock, R Bross, A Buchholz, D Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chang, SM Chekulaev, SV Chen, LP Chen, W Choi, S Chopra, S Choudhary, BC Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cobau, WG Cochran, J Coney, L Cooper, WE Cretsinger, C Cullen-Vidal, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Dahl, OI Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Denisov, D Denisov, SP Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Dugad, SR Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Finocchiaro, G Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Forden, GE Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gartung, P Gavrilov, V Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gibbard, B Glenn, S Gobbi, B Goldschmidt, A Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, DR Greenlee, H Grinstein, S Grudberg, P Grunendahl, S Guglielmo, G Guida, JA Guida, JM Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hernandez-Montoya, R Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hsieh, F Hu, T Hu, T Huehn, T Ito, AS James, E Jaques, J Jerger, SA Jesik, R Jiang, JZY Joffe-Minor, T Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Jun, SY Jung, CK Kahn, S Kalbfleisch, G Kang, JS Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kelly, ML Kim, CL Kim, SK Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Kohli, JM Koltick, D Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kourlas, J Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kuleshov, S Kunori, S Landry, F Landsberg, G Lauer, B Leflat, A Li, H Li, J Li-Demarteau, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Liu, YC Lobkowicz, F Loken, SC Lokos, S Lueking, L Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madras, RJ Madden, R Magana-Mendoza, L Manankov, V Mani, S Mao, HS Markeloff, R Marshall, T Martin, MI Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McKibben, T McKinley, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miettinen, H Mincer, A Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Mooney, P da Motta, H Murphy, C Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Narayanan, A Neal, HA Negret, JP Nemethy, P Norman, D Oesch, L Oguri, V Oliveira, E Oltman, E Oshima, N Owen, D Padley, P Para, A Park, YM Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pischalnikov, Y Pope, BG Prosper, HB Proptopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramirez, O Rasmussen, L Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sanchez-Hernandez, A Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Sculli, J Shabalina, E Shaffer, C Shankar, HC Shivpuri, RK Shupe, M Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Smart, W Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Souza, M Spadafora, AL Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stevenson, ML Stewart, D Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, M Streets, K Strovink, M Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tarazi, J Tartaglia, M Thomas, TLT Thompson, J Trippe, TG Tuts, PM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vititoe, D Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, G Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Wightman, JA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Won, E Wood, DR Xu, H Yamada, R Yamin, P Yang, J Yasuda, T Yepes, P Yoshikawa, C Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Y Zhou, Z Zhu, ZH Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A AF Abbott, B Abolins, M Acharya, BS Adam, I Adams, DL Adams, M Ahn, S Aihara, H Alves, GA Amos, N Anderson, EW Astur, R Baarmand, MM Babukhadia, L Baden, A Balamurali, V Balderston, J Baldin, B Banerjee, S Bantly, J Barberis, E Bartlett, JF Belyaev, A Beri, SB Bertram, I Bezzubov, VA Bhat, PC Bhatnagar, V Bhattacharjee, M Biswas, N Blazey, G Blessing, S Bloom, P Boehnlein, A Bojko, NI Borcherding, F Boswell, C Brandt, A Brock, R Bross, A Buchholz, D Burtovoi, VS Butler, JM Carvalho, W Casey, D Casilum, Z Castilla-Valdez, H Chakraborty, D Chang, SM Chekulaev, SV Chen, LP Chen, W Choi, S Chopra, S Choudhary, BC Christenson, JH Chung, M Claes, D Clark, AR Cobau, WG Cochran, J Coney, L Cooper, WE Cretsinger, C Cullen-Vidal, D Cummings, MAC Cutts, D Dahl, OI Davis, K De, K Del Signore, K Demarteau, M Denisov, D Denisov, SP Diehl, HT Diesburg, M Di Loreto, G Draper, P Ducros, Y Dudko, LV Dugad, SR Edmunds, D Ellison, J Elvira, VD Engelmann, R Eno, S Eppley, G Ermolov, P Eroshin, OV Evdokimov, VN Fahland, T Fatyga, MK Feher, S Fein, D Ferbel, T Finocchiaro, G Fisk, HE Fisyak, Y Flattum, E Forden, GE Fortner, M Frame, KC Fuess, S Gallas, E Galyaev, AN Gartung, P Gavrilov, V Geld, TL Genik, RJ Genser, K Gerber, CE Gershtein, Y Gibbard, B Glenn, S Gobbi, B Goldschmidt, A Gomez, B Gomez, G Goncharov, PI Solis, JLG Gordon, H Goss, LT Gounder, K Goussiou, A Graf, N Grannis, PD Green, DR Greenlee, H Grinstein, S Grudberg, P Grunendahl, S Guglielmo, G Guida, JA Guida, JM Gupta, A Gurzhiev, SN Gutierrez, G Gutierrez, P Hadley, NJ Haggerty, H Hagopian, S Hagopian, V Hahn, KS Hall, RE Hanlet, P Hansen, S Hauptman, JM Hedin, D Heinson, AP Heintz, U Hernandez-Montoya, R Heuring, T Hirosky, R Hobbs, JD Hoeneisen, B Hoftun, JS Hsieh, F Hu, T Hu, T Huehn, T Ito, AS James, E Jaques, J Jerger, SA Jesik, R Jiang, JZY Joffe-Minor, T Johns, K Johnson, M Jonckheere, A Jones, M Jostlein, H Jun, SY Jung, CK Kahn, S Kalbfleisch, G Kang, JS Karmanov, D Karmgard, D Kehoe, R Kelly, ML Kim, CL Kim, SK Klima, B Klopfenstein, C Kohli, JM Koltick, D Kostritskiy, AV Kotcher, J Kotwal, AV Kourlas, J Kozelov, AV Kozlovsky, EA Krane, J Krishnaswamy, MR Krzywdzinski, S Kuleshov, S Kunori, S Landry, F Landsberg, G Lauer, B Leflat, A Li, H Li, J Li-Demarteau, QZ Lima, JGR Lincoln, D Linn, SL Linnemann, J Lipton, R Liu, YC Lobkowicz, F Loken, SC Lokos, S Lueking, L Lyon, AL Maciel, AKA Madras, RJ Madden, R Magana-Mendoza, L Manankov, V Mani, S Mao, HS Markeloff, R Marshall, T Martin, MI Mauritz, KM May, B Mayorov, AA McCarthy, R McDonald, J McKibben, T McKinley, J McMahon, T Melanson, HL Merkin, M Merritt, KW Miettinen, H Mincer, A Mishra, CS Mokhov, N Mondal, NK Montgomery, HE Mooney, P da Motta, H Murphy, C Nang, F Narain, M Narasimham, VS Narayanan, A Neal, HA Negret, JP Nemethy, P Norman, D Oesch, L Oguri, V Oliveira, E Oltman, E Oshima, N Owen, D Padley, P Para, A Park, YM Partridge, R Parua, N Paterno, M Pawlik, B Perkins, J Peters, M Piegaia, R Piekarz, H Pischalnikov, Y Pope, BG Prosper, HB Proptopopescu, S Qian, J Quintas, PZ Raja, R Rajagopalan, S Ramirez, O Rasmussen, L Reucroft, S Rijssenbeek, M Rockwell, T Roco, M Rubinov, P Ruchti, R Rutherfoord, J Sanchez-Hernandez, A Santoro, A Sawyer, L Schamberger, RD Schellman, H Sculli, J Shabalina, E Shaffer, C Shankar, HC Shivpuri, RK Shupe, M Singh, H Singh, JB Sirotenko, V Smart, W Smith, E Smith, RP Snihur, R Snow, GR Snow, J Snyder, S Solomon, J Sosebee, M Sotnikova, N Souza, M Spadafora, AL Steinbruck, G Stephens, RW Stevenson, ML Stewart, D Stichelbaut, F Stoker, D Stolin, V Stoyanova, DA Strauss, M Streets, K Strovink, M Sznajder, A Tamburello, P Tarazi, J Tartaglia, M Thomas, TLT Thompson, J Trippe, TG Tuts, PM Varelas, N Varnes, EW Vititoe, D Volkov, AA Vorobiev, AP Wahl, HD Wang, G Warchol, J Watts, G Wayne, M Weerts, H White, A White, JT Wightman, JA Willis, S Wimpenny, SJ Wirjawan, JVD Womersley, J Won, E Wood, DR Xu, H Yamada, R Yamin, P Yang, J Yasuda, T Yepes, P Yoshikawa, C Youssef, S Yu, J Yu, Y Zhou, Z Zhu, ZH Zieminska, D Zieminski, A Zverev, EG Zylberstejn, A CA DO Collaboration TI Search for charge-1/3 third-generation leptoquarks in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.8 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCALAR LEPTOQUARKS; DECAYS; DETECTOR AB We report on a search for charge-1/3 third-generation leptoquarks (LQ) produced in pg collisions at root s= 1.8 TeV using the DO detector at Fermilab. Third-generation leptoquarks are assumed to be produced in pairs and to decay to a tau neutrino and a b quark with branching fraction B. We place upper limits on sigma(p (p) over bar --> LQ<(LQ)over bar>)B-2 as a function of the leptoquark mass M-LQ. Assuming B = 1, we exclude at the 95% confidence level third-generation scalar leptoquarks with M-LQ < 94 GeV/c(2), and third-generation vector leptoquarks with M-LQ < 216 GeV/c(2) (M-LQ < 148 GeV/c(2)) assuming YangMills (anomalous) coupling. C1 NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. Univ Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, LAFEX, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 14000, DF, Mexico. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Kyungsung Univ, Pusan 608736, South Korea. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Louisiana Tech Univ, Ruston, LA 71272 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Inst Theoret & Expt Phys, Moscow, Russia. Moscow State Univ, Moscow, Russia. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. No Illinois Univ, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Panjab Univ, Chandigarh 160014, India. Inst High Energy Phys, Protvino 142284, Russia. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Estado Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. CENS, CEA, DAPNIA, Serv Phys Particules, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Abbott, B (reprint author), NYU, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Aihara, Hiroaki/F-3854-2010; Kim, Sun Kee/G-2042-2015; Shivpuri, R K/A-5848-2010; Gutierrez, Phillip/C-1161-2011; Leflat, Alexander/D-7284-2012; Dudko, Lev/D-7127-2012; Merkin, Mikhail/D-6809-2012; Kuleshov, Sergey/D-9940-2013; De, Kaushik/N-1953-2013; Oguri, Vitor/B-5403-2013; Alves, Gilvan/C-4007-2013; Belyaev, Alexander/F-6637-2015; Chekulaev, Sergey/O-1145-2015; Sznajder, Andre/L-1621-2016 OI Aihara, Hiroaki/0000-0002-1907-5964; Kim, Sun Kee/0000-0002-0013-0775; Dudko, Lev/0000-0002-4462-3192; Kuleshov, Sergey/0000-0002-3065-326X; De, Kaushik/0000-0002-5647-4489; Belyaev, Alexander/0000-0002-1733-4408; Sznajder, Andre/0000-0001-6998-1108 NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.38 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZY265 UT WOS:000074602800010 ER PT J AU Aitala, EM Amato, S Anjos, JC Appel, JA Ashery, D Banerjee, S Bediaga, I Blaylock, G Bracker, SB Burchat, PR Burnstein, RA Carter, T Carvalho, HS Copty, NK Cremaldi, LM Darling, C Denisenko, K Fernandez, A Gagnon, P Gerzon, S Gobel, C Gounder, K Halling, AM Herrera, G Hurvits, G James, C Kasper, PA Kwan, S Langs, DC Leslie, J Lichtenstadt, J Lundberg, B MayTal-Beck, S Meadows, B Neto, JRTD Milburn, RH de Miranda, JM Napier, A Nguyen, A d'Oliveira, AB O'Shaughnessy, K Peng, KC Perera, LP Purohit, MV Quinn, B Radeztsky, S Rafatian, A Reay, NW Reidy, JJ dos Reis, AC Rubin, HA Santha, AKS Santoro, AFS Schwartz, AJ Sheaff, M Sidwell, RA Slaughter, AJ Sokoloff, MD Stanton, NR Stenson, K Summers, DJ Takach, S Thorne, K Tripathi, AK Watanabe, S Weiss-Babai, R Wiener, J Witchey, N Wolin, E Yi, D Yoshida, S Zaliznyak, R Zhang, C AF Aitala, EM Amato, S Anjos, JC Appel, JA Ashery, D Banerjee, S Bediaga, I Blaylock, G Bracker, SB Burchat, PR Burnstein, RA Carter, T Carvalho, HS Copty, NK Cremaldi, LM Darling, C Denisenko, K Fernandez, A Gagnon, P Gerzon, S Gobel, C Gounder, K Halling, AM Herrera, G Hurvits, G James, C Kasper, PA Kwan, S Langs, DC Leslie, J Lichtenstadt, J Lundberg, B MayTal-Beck, S Meadows, B Neto, JRTD Milburn, RH de Miranda, JM Napier, A Nguyen, A d'Oliveira, AB O'Shaughnessy, K Peng, KC Perera, LP Purohit, MV Quinn, B Radeztsky, S Rafatian, A Reay, NW Reidy, JJ dos Reis, AC Rubin, HA Santha, AKS Santoro, AFS Schwartz, AJ Sheaff, M Sidwell, RA Slaughter, AJ Sokoloff, MD Stanton, NR Stenson, K Summers, DJ Takach, S Thorne, K Tripathi, AK Watanabe, S Weiss-Babai, R Wiener, J Witchey, N Wolin, E Yi, D Yoshida, S Zaliznyak, R Zhang, C TI Search for the pentaquark via the P-0(cs)over-bar ->phi pi p decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID N-C LIMIT; H-DIBARYON; PHYSICS; MODEL; CHARM; PARTICLES; BARYONS AB We report results of the first search for the pentaquark P((c))over-bar-s which is predicted to be a doublet of states: P((c))over-bar-s(0) = [(c)over-bar-suud] and P((c))over-bar-s(-) = [(c)over-bar-sddu]. A search was made for the decay P((c))over-bar-s(0) --> phi pi p in data from upper limits at 90% confidence lever for the ratio of cross section times branching fraction of this decay to that for the decay D-s(+/-) --> phi pi(+/-). The upper limits vary between 0.022 and 0.046 for M(P((c))over-bar s)(0)) between 2.750 and 2.907 CeV/c(2), assuming a P((c))over-bar-s)(0) lifetime of 0.4 ps. C1 Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. Ctr Brasileiro Pesquisas Fis, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. CINVESTAV, Mexico City 07000, DF, Mexico. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Autonoma Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Tufts Univ, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Aitala, EM (reprint author), Univ Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA. RI Anjos, Joao/C-8335-2013; Santoro, Alberto/E-7932-2014; Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /H-4721-2016 OI Gobel Burlamaqui de Mello, Carla /0000-0003-0523-495X NR 28 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 44 EP 48 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.44 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZY265 UT WOS:000074602800011 ER PT J AU Rapp, R Schafer, T Shuryak, E Velkovsky, M AF Rapp, R Schafer, T Shuryak, E Velkovsky, M TI Diquark bose condensates in high density matter and instantons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FINITE BARYON DENSITY; QCD; NUMBER; VACUUM AB Instantons lead to strong correlations between up and down quarks with spin zero and antisymmetric color wave functions. In cold and dense matter, n(b) > n(c) similar or equal to 1 fm(-3) and T < T-c similar to 50 MeV, these pairs Bose condense, replacing the usual <(q) over bar q > condensate and restoring chiral symmetry. At high density, the ground state is a color superconductor in which diquarks play the role of Cooper pairs. An interesting toy model is provided by QCD with two colors: it has a particle-antiparticle symmetry which relates <(q) over bar q > and < qq > condensates. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Inst Nucl Theory, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Nucl Theory Grp, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rapp, R (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NR 31 TC 770 Z9 774 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 53 EP 56 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.53 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZY265 UT WOS:000074602800013 ER PT J AU Abfalterer, WP Bateman, FB Dietrich, FS Elster, C Finlay, RW Glockle, W Golak, J Haight, RC Huber, D Morgan, GL Witala, H AF Abfalterer, WP Bateman, FB Dietrich, FS Elster, C Finlay, RW Glockle, W Golak, J Haight, RC Huber, D Morgan, GL Witala, H TI Inadequacies of the nonrelativistic 3N Hamiltonian in describing the n+d total cross section SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB New high-precision measurements of the neutron total cross section for hydrogen and the deuterium-hydrogen cross section difference were pel formed for neutron energies between 7 and 600 MeV. The results are compared with state-of-the-art Faddeev calculations of the neutron-deuterium system up to 300 MeV. Above 100 MeV, this comparison reveals significant limitations of the nonrelativistic 3N Hamiltonian using nucleon-nucleon forces only. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Ohio Univ, Inst Nucl & Particle Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys 2, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Abfalterer, WP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Elster, Charlotte/N-9845-2015 NR 10 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.57 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZY265 UT WOS:000074602800014 ER PT J AU Murphy, TJ Wallace, JM Delamater, ND Barnes, CW Gobby, P Hauer, AA Lindman, E Magelssen, G Moore, JB Oertel, JA Watt, R Landen, OL Amendt, P Cable, M Decker, C Hammel, BA Koch, JA Suter, LJ Turner, RE Wallace, RJ Marshall, FJ Bradley, D Craxton, RS Keck, R Knauer, JP Kremens, R Schnittman, JD AF Murphy, TJ Wallace, JM Delamater, ND Barnes, CW Gobby, P Hauer, AA Lindman, E Magelssen, G Moore, JB Oertel, JA Watt, R Landen, OL Amendt, P Cable, M Decker, C Hammel, BA Koch, JA Suter, LJ Turner, RE Wallace, RJ Marshall, FJ Bradley, D Craxton, RS Keck, R Knauer, JP Kremens, R Schnittman, JD TI Hohlraum symmetry experiments with multiple beam cones on the Omega laser facility SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION; IGNITION; TARGETS AB Symmetry experiments have been performed on the Omega laser facility using cylindrical hohlraum targets with as many as 40 beams arranged into multiple beam cones. These experiments constitute a first step in the development of "beam phasing" in which beams are arranged into multiple beam cones, forming multiple rings of beam spots on the inner surface of a cylindrical hohlraum, and demonstrate the ability to model hohlraums incorporating multiple beam cones and to tune the time-integrated capsule flux asymmetry by adjustment of the beam painting. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Rochester, Laser Energet Lab, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Murphy, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Schnittman, Jeremy/D-3168-2012; Murphy, Thomas/F-3101-2014 OI Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-6137-9873 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 108 EP 111 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.108 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZY265 UT WOS:000074602800027 ER PT J AU Chisholm, MF Maiti, A Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST AF Chisholm, MF Maiti, A Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST TI Atomic configurations and energetics of arsenic impurities in a silicon grain boundary SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; DIFFUSION; SEGREGATION; INTERFACES AB We report direct atomic-resolution Z-contrast imaging of arsenic impurities segregated in specific atomic columns in a silicon grain boundary. Through a combination of image intensity analysis, first-principles calculations, and statistical mechanics, we establish that segregation occurs in the form of isolated dimers. The formation of As dimers in the boundary is shown to be favored over ordered chains by entropic considerations and kinetic constraints. The observed segregation is consistent with known solubilities. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Chisholm, MF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 21 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 132 EP 135 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.132 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZY265 UT WOS:000074602800033 ER PT J AU Feibelman, PJ AF Feibelman, PJ TI Interlayer self-diffusion on stepped Pt(111) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CRYSTAL-GROWTH; METALS; PT/PT(111); TRANSITION AB Challenging our understanding of epitaxy on clean and O-precovered Pt(111), the ab initio Schwoebel barrier calculated for downward self-diffusion across A-type steps on Pt(111) is only E-S(A) approximate to 0.02 eV. Geometric arguments explain why E-S(B), the Schwoebel barrier at B-type steps, is more than an order of magnitude larger than E-S(A). C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Feibelman, PJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 24 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 168 EP 171 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.168 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZY265 UT WOS:000074602800042 ER PT J AU Chow, E Delsing, P Haviland, DB AF Chow, E Delsing, P Haviland, DB TI Length-scale dependence of the superconductor-to-insulator quantum phase transition in one dimension SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION ARRAYS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; 2-DIMENSIONAL FILMS; CHAINS; WIRES; PB AB One-dimensional (1D) arrays of small-capacitance Josephson junctions demonstrate a sharp transition, from Josephson-like behavior to the Coulomb blockade of Cooper-pair tunneling, as the effective Josephson coupling between nearest neighbors is tuned with an externally applied magnetic field. Comparing the zero-bias resistance of three arrays with 255, 127, and 63 junctions, we observe a critical behavior where the resistance, extrapolated to T = 0, is independent of length at a critical magnetic field. Comparison is made with a theory of this T = 0 quantum phase transition, which maps to the 2D classical XY model. C1 Chalmers Univ Technol, Dept Microelect & Nanosci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Gothenburg, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Chow, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Delsing, Per/F-7288-2010 OI Delsing, Per/0000-0002-1222-3506 NR 27 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 204 EP 207 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZY265 UT WOS:000074602800051 ER PT J AU Cooper, F Dawson, JF Meredith, DP Shepard, H AF Cooper, F Dawson, JF Meredith, DP Shepard, H TI Comment on "semiquantum chaos" - Cooper et al. reply SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Cooper, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, MS B285, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 81 IS 1 BP 241 EP 241 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.241 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZY265 UT WOS:000074602800061 ER PT J AU Gurevich, AV Roussel-Dupre, R Zybin, KP AF Gurevich, AV Roussel-Dupre, R Zybin, KP TI Kinetic equation for high energy electrons in gases (vol A237, pg 240, 1998) SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Correction C1 Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Sci Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gurevich, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 117924, Russia. RI Zybin, Kirill/K-8619-2015; Gurevich, Aleksandr/K-8668-2015 OI Gurevich, Aleksandr/0000-0003-1125-9774 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 243 IS 5-6 BP 362 EP 362 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(98)00269-2 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZV511 UT WOS:000074312000021 ER PT J AU Lamoureux, MM Hutton, JC Styris, DL AF Lamoureux, MM Hutton, JC Styris, DL TI Elucidation of mechanisms of palladium induced modification of selenium in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry by investigation of condensed species using synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy; palladium modifier; selenium; atomization mechanism; X-ray absorption spectroscopy; EXAFS ID GRAPHITE AB Condensed species, associated with Se/Pd on the surface of powdered graphite granules at elevated temperatures, were investigated in situ by synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy to elucidate the mechanisms that control Pd induced modification of Se. Negative 4.4-eV shifts were observed in the X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) of the Se K-edge when Se was in the presence of Pd, regardless of the initial oxidation state of Pd. This corresponds to an average change in the oxidation state of + 4, whereas in the absence of Pd, Se underwent an average change in the oxidation state of about + 2.5. The XANES results also suggest that the mechanism of conversion of selenous acid into different Se species depends on the initial oxidation state of Pd. Fourier transformations of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) show different coordinations of Pd with Se, depending on the oxidation state of the Pd. Formation of a [SexPdy] or [SexPdyOz] compound is indicated. This is consistent with earlier gas phase investigations by mass spectroscopy. The exact stoichiometry of these condensed phase selenium species could not be determined. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 St Marys Univ, Dept Chem, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Lamoureux, MM (reprint author), St Marys Univ, Dept Chem, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. NR 9 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0584-8547 J9 SPECTROCHIM ACTA B JI Spectroc. Acta Pt. B-Atom. Spectr. PD JUL 6 PY 1998 VL 53 IS 6-8 BP 993 EP 1002 DI 10.1016/S0584-8547(98)00140-2 PG 10 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 130CQ UT WOS:000076502000017 ER PT J AU Ivanov, AG Morgan, RM Gray, GR Velitchkova, MY Huner, NPA AF Ivanov, AG Morgan, RM Gray, GR Velitchkova, MY Huner, NPA TI Temperature/light dependent development of selective resistance to photoinhibition of photosystem I SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE photosystem I; photoinhibition; P700; intersystem electron pool; excitation pressure; low temperature ID CUCUMIS-SATIVUS L; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT; PREFERENTIAL INACTIVATION; CHILLING TEMPERATURES; STROMAL COMPONENTS; POTATO LEAVES; LIGHT; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; CHLOROPLASTS; SPINACH AB Exposure of winter rye leaves grown at 20 degrees C and an irradiance of either 50 or 250 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) to high light stress (1600 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), 4 h) at 5 degrees C resulted in photoinhibition of PSI measured in vivo as a 34% and 31% decrease in Delta A(820)/A(820) (P700(+)). The same effect was registered in plants grown at 5 degrees C and 50 mu mol m(-2) s(-1). This was accompanied by a parallel degradation of the PsaA/PsaB heterodimer, increase of the intersystem e(-) pool size as well as inhibition of PSII photochemistry measured as F-v/F-m. Surprisingly, plants acclimated to high light (800 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) or to 5 degrees C and moderate light (250 mu mol m(-2) s(-1)) were fully resistant to photoinhibition of PSI and did not exhibit any measurable changes at the level of PSI heterodimer abundance and intersystem e- pool size, although PSII photochemistry was reduced to 66% and 64% respectively. Thus, we show for the first time that PSI, unlike PSII, becomes completely resistant to photoinhibition when plants are acclimated to either 20 degrees C/800 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) or 5 degrees C/ 250 mu mol m(-2) s(-1) as a response to growth at elevated excitation pressure. The role of temperature/light dependent acclimation in the induction of selective tolerance to PSI photoinactivation is discussed. (C) 1998 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 Univ Western Ontario, Dept Plant Sci, London, ON N6H 5B7, Canada. Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Biophys, BU-1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. Michigan State Univ, MSU DOE Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Huner, NPA (reprint author), Univ Western Ontario, Dept Plant Sci, 1151 Richmond St N, London, ON N6H 5B7, Canada. RI Velitchkova, Maya/B-5689-2008; OI Velitchkova, Maya/0000-0002-7926-5292; Ivanov, Alexander G./0000-0001-7100-9211 NR 38 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 1998 VL 430 IS 3 BP 288 EP 292 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00681-4 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 100CV UT WOS:000074797600031 PM 9688557 ER PT J AU Savikhin, S Buck, DR Struve, WS Blankenship, RE Taisova, AS Novoderezhkin, VI Fetisova, ZG AF Savikhin, S Buck, DR Struve, WS Blankenship, RE Taisova, AS Novoderezhkin, VI Fetisova, ZG TI Excitation delocalization in the bacteriochlorophyll c antenna of the green bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus as revealed by ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE bacterial photosynthesis; antenna pigment organization; bacteriochlorophyll c; green photosynthetic bacteria; ultrafast spectroscopy; absorption difference spectroscopy ID LIGHT-HARVESTING ANTENNA; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA; CHLOROSOME ANTENNAS; EXCITON AB Room temperature absorption difference spectra were measured on the femtosecond through picosecond time scales for chlorosomes isolated from the green bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Anomalously high values of photoinduced absorption changes were revealed in the BChl c Qy transition band. Photoinduced absorption changes at the bleaching peak in the BChl c band were found to be 7-8 times greater than those at the bleaching peak in the BChl a band of the chlorosome, This appears to be the first direct experimental proof of excitation delocalization over many BChl c antenna molecules in the chlorosome, (C) 1998 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow 119899, Russia. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Arizona State Univ, Dept Biochem & Chem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Arizona State Univ, Ctr Early Events Photosynth, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Fetisova, ZG (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, AN Belozersky Inst Physicochem Biol, Moscow 119899, Russia. RI Novoderezhkin, Vladimir/K-1329-2013; Taisova, Alexandra/K-1334-2013; OI Novoderezhkin, Vladimir/0000-0003-4583-5725 NR 21 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD JUL 3 PY 1998 VL 430 IS 3 BP 323 EP 326 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00691-7 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 100CV UT WOS:000074797600038 PM 9688564 ER PT J AU Fusetti, F Erlandsen, H Flatmark, T Stevens, RC AF Fusetti, F Erlandsen, H Flatmark, T Stevens, RC TI Structure of tetrameric human phenylalanine hydroxylase and its implications for phenylketonuria SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; RAT-LIVER; MUTATION; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; MECHANISM; PROTEIN; IRON; HYPERPHENYLALANINEMIA AB Phenylalanine hydroxylase (PheOH) catalyzes the conversion of L-phenylalanine to L-tyrosine, the rate-limiting step in the oxidative degradation of phenylalanine. Mutations in the human PheOH gene cause phenylketonuria, a common autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that in untreated patients often results in varying degrees of mental retardation. We have determined the crystal structure of human PheOH (residues 118-452), The enzyme crystallizes as a tetramer with each monomer consisting of a catalytic and a tetramerization domain. The tetramerization domain is characterized by the presence of a domain swapping arm that interacts with the other monomers forming an antiparallel coiled-coil. The structure is the first report of a tetrameric PheOH and displays an overall architecture similar to that of the functionally related tyrosine hydroxylase. In contrast to the tyrosine hydroxylase tetramer structure, a very pronounced asymmetry is observed in the phenylalanine hydroxylase, caused by the occurrence of two alternate conformations in the hinge region that leads to the coiled-coil helix. Examination of the mutations causing PKU shows that some of the most frequent mutations are located at the interface of the catalytic and tetramerization domains. Their effects on the structural and cellular stability of the enzyme are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Tromso, Prot Crystallog Grp, Dept Chem, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. Univ Bergen, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, N-5009 Bergen, Norway. RP Stevens, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM stevens@adrenaline.berkeley.edu RI Stevens, Raymond/K-7272-2015 OI Stevens, Raymond/0000-0002-4522-8725 NR 48 TC 130 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 3 PY 1998 VL 273 IS 27 BP 16962 EP 16967 DI 10.1074/jbc.273.27.16962 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA ZX700 UT WOS:000074545200049 PM 9642259 ER PT J AU Iwata, S Lee, JW Okada, K Lee, JK Iwata, M Rasmussen, B Link, TA Ramaswamy, S Jap, BK AF Iwata, S Lee, JW Okada, K Lee, JK Iwata, M Rasmussen, B Link, TA Ramaswamy, S Jap, BK TI Complete structure of the 11-subunit bovine mitochondrial cytochrome bc(1) complex SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IRON-SULFUR PROTEIN; C REDUCTASE; PROCESSING PEPTIDASE; BC1 COMPLEX; BEEF-HEART; UBIQUINOL; OXIDOREDUCTASE; OXIDATION; BINDING; SITE AB Mitochondrial cytochrome bc(1) complex performs two functions: It is a respiratory multienzyme complex and it recognizes a mitochondrial targeting presequence. Refined crystal structures of the 11-subunit bc(1) complex from bovine heart reveal full views of this bifunctional enzyme. The "Rieske" iron-sulfur protein subunit shows significant conformational changes in different crystal forms, suggesting a new electron transport mechanism of the enzyme. The mitochondrial targeting presequence of the "Rieske" protein (subunit 9) is lodged between the two "core" subunits at the matrix side of the complex. These "core" subunits are related to the matrix processing peptidase, and the structure unveils how mitochondrial targeting presequences are recognized. C1 Univ Uppsala, Ctr Biomed, Dept Biochem, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Ctr Biomed, Dept Mol Biol, S-75124 Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Frankfurt Klinikum, ZBC, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, European Mol Biol Lab, Grenoble Outstn, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Iwata, S (reprint author), Univ Uppsala, Ctr Biomed, Dept Biochem, Box 576, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. NR 50 TC 867 Z9 898 U1 9 U2 56 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUL 3 PY 1998 VL 281 IS 5373 BP 64 EP 71 DI 10.1126/science.281.5373.64 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA ZZ009 UT WOS:000074685800037 PM 9651245 ER PT J AU Duesbery, MS Xu, W AF Duesbery, MS Xu, W TI The motion of edge dislocations in body-centered cubic metals SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METALS; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; BCC CRYSTALS; STRESS C1 Fairfax Mat Res Inc, Springfield, VA 22153 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Duesbery, MS (reprint author), Fairfax Mat Res Inc, 7305 Beechwood Dr, Springfield, VA 22153 USA. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD JUL 3 PY 1998 VL 39 IS 3 BP 283 EP 287 DI 10.1016/S1359-6462(98)00162-6 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 105EK UT WOS:000075059600004 ER PT J AU Krueger, BP Scholes, GD Fleming, GR AF Krueger, BP Scholes, GD Fleming, GR TI Calculation of couplings and energy-transfer pathways between the pigments of LH2 by the ab initio transition density cube method SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; EXCITON RESONANCE INTERACTIONS; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; EXCITATION TRANSFER; BACTERIAL PHOTOSYNTHESIS; FEMTOSECOND DYNAMICS; ELECTRONIC FACTORS; PROTEIN COMPLEXES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RATE EXPRESSIONS AB A practical method for accurate evaluation of the Coulombic contribution to the electronic coupling for energy transfer at any donor-acceptor separation is reported. The method involves the exact interaction between transition densities of each chromophore which are calculated ab initio and may include electron correlation. The method is used to calculate coupling strengths between the pigments of the bacterial light-harvesting complex, LH2, and to compare with results using the ideal dipole approximation (IDA). The results suggest that the relatively symmetric transitions of bacteriochlorophyll a (Bchla) pigments are reasonably well described by the IDA for separations >15 Angstrom, although deviations are significant at smaller separations. The less symmetric transition of the twisted carotenoid pigment is rather poorly described by the IDA and shows significant deviation even at separations of well over 20 Angstrom. The calculated coupling strengths are combined with estimates of the spectral overlap integral to estimate energy-transfer rates and time scales. The total depopulation time scale of the carotenoid S-2 State is estimated to be 85 fs, in reasonable agreement with experiment. The B800-B850 transfer time is estimated to be 1.3 ps (a factor of 2 slower than experiment). Rapid (<400 fs) B800-B800 energy transfer is also predicted. Moreover, the calculations suggest that energy flows both from the carotenoid and the B800 Bchla into pigments of several different protomer units, indicating that interaction between protomer units is important in the LH2 function. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fleming, GR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 62 TC 441 Z9 451 U1 5 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUL 2 PY 1998 VL 102 IS 27 BP 5378 EP 5386 DI 10.1021/jp9811171 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA ZZ637 UT WOS:000074750900021 ER PT J AU Carena, M Pokorski, S Wagner, CEM AF Carena, M Pokorski, S Wagner, CEM TI Photon signatures for low energy supersymmetry breaking and broken R-parity SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-BETA DECAY; CONSTRAINTS; TECHNICOLOR; GRAVITINO; COLLIDERS; VIOLATION; GUT AB The possible phenomenological consequences of R-parity violating interactions in the framework of low energy supersymmetry breaking are studied. It is pointed out that even very weak R-parity violation would completely overshadow one of the basic signatures of low energy supersymmetry breaking models, that is the decay of the next to lightest supersymmetric particle into a photon (lepton) and missing energy. Thus, the observation of these decays would put very strong limits on R-parity violating couplings. Vice-versa, if R-parity violation is established experimentally, before a detailed knowledge of the spectrum is obtained, it will be very difficult to distinguish gravity mediated from low energy gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking scenarios. Those conclusions are very model independent. We also comment on the possibility of mixing between charged and neutral leptons with charginos and neutralinos, respectively, and its phenomenological consequences for the photon (lepton) signatures, in scenarios where this mixing is generated by the presence of bilinear or trilinear R-parity violating terms in the superpotential. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. CERN, Div TH, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Warsaw Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Warsaw, Poland. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 2 PY 1998 VL 430 IS 3-4 BP 281 EP 289 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00389-X PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 105RE UT WOS:000075086700012 ER PT J AU Lebed, RF Schilcher, K AF Lebed, RF Schilcher, K TI Consistency constraints on m(s) from QCD dispersion relations and chiral perturbation theory in K-l3 decays SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID FORM-FACTORS AB We use both old and new theoretical developments in QCD dispersion relation constraints on the scalar form factor in the decay K --> pi lv(l) to obtain constraints on the strange quark mass. The perturbative QCD side of the calculation incorporates up to four-loop corrections, while the hadronic side uses a recently developed parameterization constructed explicitly to satisfy the dispersive constraints. Using chiral perturbation theory(chi PT) as a model for soon-to-be measured data, we find a series of lower bounds on m(s) increasing with the accuracy to which one believes chi PT to represent the full QCD result. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Johannes Gutenberg Univ, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. RP Lebed, RF (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD JUL 2 PY 1998 VL 430 IS 3-4 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00529-2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 105RE UT WOS:000075086700020 ER PT J AU Hung, LW Kohmura, M Ariyoshi, Y Kim, SH AF Hung, LW Kohmura, M Ariyoshi, Y Kim, SH TI Structure of an enantiomeric protein, D-monellin at 1.8 angstrom resolution SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CHAIN MONELLIN; SWEET PROTEIN; DIOSCOREOPHYLLUM-CUMMINSII; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; HIV-1 PROTEASE; PRINCIPLE AB The D-enantiomer of a potently sweet protein, monellin, has been crystallized and analyzed by X-ray crystallography at 1.8 Angstrom resolution. Two crystal forms (I and II) appeared under crystallization conditions similar, but not identical, to the crystallization conditions of natural L-monellin. There are four molecules per asymmetric unit in crystal form I and one in crystal form II. Crystal form I is not reproducible and is equivalent to that of monoclinic L-monellin. Intermonomer contacts in crystal form II are very different from those found in natural L-monellin crystals. The backbone trace of D-monellin resembles very closely the mirror image of that of L-monellin, but the N- and C-terminus backbones as well as several side-chain conformations of D-monellin are different from those of natural L-monellin. Most of these apparent differences may be attributable to the crystal packing differences. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ajinomoto Co Inc, Cent Res Labs, Kawasaki Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210, Japan. RP Hung, LW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Grad Grp Biophys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC00145] NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 54 BP 494 EP 500 DI 10.1107/S0907444997012225 PN 4 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 103BZ UT WOS:000074962500003 PM 9867435 ER PT J AU Walsh, MA Schneider, TR Sieker, LC Dauter, Z Lamzin, VS Wilson, KS AF Walsh, MA Schneider, TR Sieker, LC Dauter, Z Lamzin, VS Wilson, KS TI Refinement of triclinic hen egg-white lysozyme at atomic resolution SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; PROTEIN STRUCTURES; LEAST-SQUARES; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTION; COMPLEXES; DYNAMICS; HYHEL-5; PROGRAM; ERRORS AB X-ray diffraction data have been collected at both low (120 K) and room temperature from triclinic crystals of hen egg-white lysozyme to 0.925 and 0.950 Angstrom resolution, respectively, using synchrotron radiation. Data from one crystal were sufficient for the low-temperature study, whereas three crystals were required at room temperature. Refinement was carried out using the programs PROLSQ, ARP and SHELXL to give final conventional R factors of 8.98 and 10.48% for data with F > 4 sigma(F) for the low- and room-temperature structures, respectively. The estimated r.m.s. coordinate error is 0.032 Angstrom for protein atoms, 0.050 Angstrom for all atoms in the low-temperature study, and 0.038 Angstrom for protein atoms and 0.049 Angstrom for all atoms in the room-temperature case, as estimated from inversion of the blocked least-squares matrix. The low-temperature study revealed that the side chains of 24 amino acids had multiple conformations. A total of 250 waters, six nitrate ions and three acetate ions, two of which were modelled with alternate orientations were located in the electron-density maps. Three sections of the main chain were modelled in alternate conformations. The room-temperature study produced a model with multiple conformations for eight side chains and a total of 139 water molecules, six nitrate but no acetate ions. The occupancies of the water molecules were refined in both structures and this step was shown to be meaningful when assessed by use of the free R factor. A detailed description and comparison of the structures is made with reference to the previously reported structure refined at 2.0 Angstrom resolution. C1 DESY, European Mol Biol Lab, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Washington, Dept Biol Struct, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO1 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Mechanist Biol & Biotechnol, Bldg 202, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM walsh@anl.gov RI Schneider, Thomas/B-7442-2011; Walsh, Martin/I-1566-2013; OI Schneider, Thomas/0000-0001-6955-7374; Walsh, Martin/0000-0001-5683-1151; Lamzin, Victor/0000-0002-6058-7793 NR 54 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 5 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1399-0047 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 54 BP 522 EP 546 DI 10.1107/S0907444997013656 PN 4 PG 25 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 103BZ UT WOS:000074962500006 PM 9761848 ER PT J AU Dorset, DL Jap, BK AF Dorset, DL Jap, BK TI Direct phase determination in protein electron crystallography: Aquaporin channel-forming integral membrane protein SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURE FACTORS; VERY-LOW RESOLUTION; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY; LIKELIHOOD; PROJECTION; EXTENSION AB The location of helix sites in the projected structure of the aquaporin channel-forming integral membrane protein from bovine red blood cells was determined by multisolution direct methods to a mean accuracy of +/-1.9 Angstrom, based on hk0 electron diffraction data extending to 6 Angstrom. The structure was assumed to be composed of pseudo-atoms, corresponding to the helix cross sections, and after re-scaling, normalized structure factors were used to order Sigma(n) triples according to the A values. Initial phases were found by symbolic addition with algebraic unknowns. Probable solutions could be isolated by an overall Luzzati test for density flatness and restrictions on local density extremes. The best solution was identified by matching Patterson functions, generated from the trial map density sites, to the one calculated from observed intensities. C1 Hauptman Woodward Med Res Inst, Electron DIffract Dept, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Dorset, DL (reprint author), Hauptman Woodward Med Res Inst, Electron DIffract Dept, 73 High St, Buffalo, NY 14203 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-46733, GM-51487] NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 54 BP 615 EP 621 DI 10.1107/S0907444997018982 PN 4 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 103BZ UT WOS:000074962500015 PM 9761857 ER PT J AU Harp, JM Timm, DE Bunick, GJ AF Harp, JM Timm, DE Bunick, GJ TI Macromolecular crystal annealing: Overcoming increased mosaicity associated with cryocrystallography SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION AB Although cryogenic data collection has become the method of choice for macromolecular crystallography, the flash-cooling step can dramatically increase the mosaicity of some crystals. Macromolecular crystal annealing significantly reduces the mosaicity of flash-cooled crystals without affecting molecular structure. The process, which cycles a flash-cooled crystal to ambient temperature and back to cryogenic temperature, is simple, quick and requires no special equipment. The annealing process has been applied to crystals of several different macromolecules grown from different precipitants and using a variety of cryoprotectants. The protocol for macromolecular crystal annealing also has been applied to restore diffraction from flash-cooled crystals that were mishandled during transfer to or from cryogenic storage. These results will be discussed in relation to crystal mosaicity and effects of radiation damage in hash-cooled crystals. C1 Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Harp, JM (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM29818] NR 17 TC 106 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 12 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 54 BP 622 EP 628 DI 10.1107/S0907444997019008 PN 4 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 103BZ UT WOS:000074962500016 PM 9761858 ER PT J AU Grantz, AA Muller-Dieckmann, HJ Kim, SH AF Grantz, AA Muller-Dieckmann, HJ Kim, SH TI Subcloning, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the signal receiver domain of ETR1, an ethylene receptor from Arabidopsis thaliana SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL ASPARTATE RECEPTOR; LIGAND-BINDING DOMAIN; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; MULTISTEP PHOSPHORELAY; RESPONSE REGULATOR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSDUCTION; CHEMOTAXIS; GENE; CHEY AB The signal receiver domain of ETR1, an ethylene receptor from Arabidopsis thaliana, has been subcloned and expressed in E, coli and purified by affinity chromatography. Crystals of both native and a selenomethionine-substituted form of the receiver domain have been obtained. Native crystals grew in 1.6 M Li2SO4 and 0.1 M HEPES pH 7.5 and once flash-frozen diffract to 2.1 Angstrom resolution. They belong to space group P4(1)2(1)2 with unit-cell dimensions a = b = 48.4, c = 112.3 Angstrom. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Struct Biol Div, Berkeley, CA 95720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 95720 USA. RP Grantz, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Struct Biol Div, Berkeley, CA 95720 USA. EM shkim@lbl.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 54 BP 690 EP 692 DI 10.1107/S0907444997015023 PN 4 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 103BZ UT WOS:000074962500035 PM 9761877 ER PT J AU Krishnan, KM Sands, T AF Krishnan, KM Sands, T TI Preface to the special section on "coupled property issues in integrated microstructures" SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krishnan, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sands, Timothy/D-2133-2009 OI Sands, Timothy/0000-0001-9718-6515 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 46 IS 11 BP 3715 EP 3715 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00082-2 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 103GF UT WOS:000075149000001 ER PT J AU Walton, CC Thomas, G Kortright, JB AF Walton, CC Thomas, G Kortright, JB TI X-ray optical multilayers: Microstructure limits on reflectivity at ultra-short periods SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Coupled Property Issues in Integrated Microstructures CY APR, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP Inst Mech & Mat, Acta Metallurg Inc ID INTERFACIAL ROUGHNESS; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; MIRRORS; FILMS; SCATTERING; GROWTH AB Multilayer X-ray mirrors of W and B4C with period from 50 Angstrom down to 5 Angstrom, of interest as linear polarizers for soft X-rays, have been studied by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Over this region soft X-ray reflectivity falls from 80% to 4% of the theoretical value. Hard X-ray reflectivity also fails dramatically, but the multilayers still show reflectivity for periods as small as d = 4.7 Angstrom. The interface width (representing both roughness and interdiffusion) decreases from 7.5 Angstrom to 2.5 Angstrom, but exceeds the thickness of the individual layers for the smallest periods. HRTEM shows disruption of layer continuity at d = 10 Angstrom and a loss of visible composition modulation at d = 8 Angstrom, while the reflectivity begins to fall sharply near d = 15 Angstrom. This is consistent with incomplete or discontinuous W layers below about d = 15.4, and compares reasonably with other experimental and theoretical data on growth of very thin metal films. (C) 1998 Acta Metallurgica Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thomas, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 46 IS 11 BP 3767 EP 3775 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00083-4 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 103GF UT WOS:000075149000008 ER PT J AU Anoikin, EV Yang, MM Sullivan, MT Chao, JL Ager, JW AF Anoikin, EV Yang, MM Sullivan, MT Chao, JL Ager, JW TI Effects of substrate cooling in hard magnetic disk sputtering process on protective overcoat and magnetic layer properties SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Coupled Property Issues in Integrated Microstructures CY APR, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP Inst Mech & Mat, Acta Metallurg Inc ID AMORPHOUS-CARBON FILMS; CHEMICAL-STRUCTURE AB An in-situ substrate cooling procedure has been carried out in a hard magnetic disk sputtering process to reduce the disk temperature prior to a deposition of a protective overcoat. The effects of cooling on the tribological and magnetic performance of the media are examined and directly compared for the amorphous carbon (a-C), amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) and amorphous nitrogenated carbon (a-C:N) overcoat compositions. The substrate cooling procedure is shown to promote sp(3)-bonding character and to improve the tribological properties of the overcoats. To achieve the best tribological and magnetic performance of the media, the magnetic layer and the protective overcoat should be optimized as a coupled system. (C) 1998 Acta Metallurgica Inc. C1 HMT Technol Corp, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anoikin, EV (reprint author), HMT Technol Corp, Fremont, CA 94538 USA. OI Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 46 IS 11 BP 3787 EP 3791 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00462-X PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 103GF UT WOS:000075149000010 ER PT J AU Sharif, AA Imamura, PH Mitchell, TE Mecartney, ML AF Sharif, AA Imamura, PH Mitchell, TE Mecartney, ML TI Control of grain growth using intergranular silicate phases in cubic yttria stabilized zirconia SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Coupled Property Issues in Integrated Microstructures CY APR, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SP Inst Mech & Mat, Acta Metallurg Inc ID SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION; ZRO2-Y2O3 ALLOYS; BOUNDARY PHASES; POLYCRYSTALS; CERAMICS; FLOW AB Grain growth kinetics for 8 mol% yttria stabilized cubic zirconia (8Y-CSZ) were investigated. Optimal process parameters required to achieve a small grain size and full density for cubic 8Y-CSZ included a rapid heating rate (100 degrees C/min) and hot isostatic pressing. Grain growth rates could also be controlled by the deliberate addition of 1 wt% of intergranular phases of borosilicate, barium silicate, and lithium aluminum silicate glasses. Lithium aluminum silicate, the intergranular phase with the highest solubility for yttria and zirconia, enhanced grain growth compared to control samples without grain boundary phases. The borosilicate intergranular phase, with the lowest solubility for yttria and zirconia, was the most effective in suppressing grain growth. Activation energies for grain growth were in the range of 400 kJ/mol, and the grain growth exponent ranged from 2 for Lithium aluminum silicate containing samples, to 3 for pure samples, to 4 for barium silicate and borosilicate containing samples. (C) 1998 Acta Metallurgica Inc. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem Biochem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mecartney, ML (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem Biochem Engn & Mat Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 46 IS 11 BP 3863 EP 3872 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(98)00080-9 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 103GF UT WOS:000075149000019 ER PT J AU Cavallo, AJ AF Cavallo, AJ TI Reanalysis of 1973 activity-weighted particle size distribution measurements in active US uranium mines SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADON; ATMOSPHERES AB Activity-weighted particle size distribution data taken with a low-pressure impactor in two working uranium mines have been reanalyzed using modern unfolding techniques. Both mines used diesel engines and tr ere located in the southwestern United States at an elevation of 2120 m; 14 measurements were made in the winter of 1973 at several mine locations and during typical mining activities. The activity median diameter for the principal mode of the distribution determined using these better methods ranged between a minimum of 72 nm and a maximum of 303 nm; the average value was 169 nm (average geometric standard deviation: 2.42), which is significantly smaller than the estimate of 250 nm (geometric standard deviation: 2.5) obtained originally using graphical methods and currently used in some dosimetric calculations. Four samples had secondary modes with more than 20% of the total activity at diameters less than 60 nm; this was possibly a consequence of bimodal diesel emission and/or aerosols generated by propane combustion. (C) 1998 American Association for Aerosol Research. C1 US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. RP Cavallo, AJ (reprint author), US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, 201 Varick St,5th Floor, New York, NY 10014 USA. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 29 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1080/02786829808965548 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA ZW158 UT WOS:000074381000003 ER PT J AU Miles, PC Gouldin, FC AF Miles, PC Gouldin, FC TI Premixed turbulent flame/flow interaction: Simultaneous measurements of velocity and flamelet position SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference CY JUL 01-03, 1996 CL LAKE BUENA VISTA, FLORIDA SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, ASME, SAE, ASEE ID LAMINAR; FLOWS AB An experimental technique for obtaining simultaneous measurements of fluid velocity and flamelet position In premixed dames is described and applied in a turbulent V-flame. The flamelet position information is used to calculate conditional velocity statistics, conditional on both zone (reactants or products) and distance from the flamelet. The conditional zone statistics demonstrate that increases (or decreases) in turbulence across the dame are dependent on axial position and location within the dame brush. The product-zone conditional covariance, coupled with the measured conditional mean velocity profiles, indicate that turbulence generation by shear may be a significant contribution to product zone turbulence levels, Velocity statistics conditional on distance from the flamelet demonstrate a considerable interaction between the flamelet and velocity held, Mean and rms velocities vary significantly with proximity to the flamelet, such that differences in the conditional zone velocity statistics are not always representative of the differences in velocities that occur just across the flamelet surface. The change in rms velocities just across the flamelet is found to be anisotropic, with the largest increase (smallest decrease) occurring in the axial velocity component. Trends in the rms velocities conditional on flamelet position further support the hypothesis that increased product gas velocity fluctuations may have a significant component associated with turbulence generation by mean shear. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Tech Staff, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Miles, PC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Tech Staff, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1178 EP 1189 DI 10.2514/2.529 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 147VB UT WOS:000077516900008 ER PT J AU Baskaran, S Maupin, GD Graff, GL AF Baskaran, S Maupin, GD Graff, GL TI Freeform fabrication of ceramics SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB A freeform fabrication method for ceramic components using selected-area-gelation of slurry layers was used to produce high-density alumina components with fine-grained microstructures and flexural strengths exceeding 400 MPa. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Baskaran, S (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 USA SN 0002-7812 J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 77 IS 7 BP 53 EP 58 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA ZZ737 UT WOS:000074762100024 ER PT J AU Paul, PH Garguilo, MG Rakestraw, DJ AF Paul, PH Garguilo, MG Rakestraw, DJ TI Imaging of pressure- and electrokinetically driven flows through open capillaries SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOW; GLASS CHIP; ELECTROPHORESIS; PROFILES; NMR AB A new tool for imaging both scalar transport and velocity fields in liquid flows through microscale structures is described. The technique employs an ultraviolet laser pulse to write a pattern into the flow by uncaging a fluorescent dye. This is followed, at selected time delays, by flood illumination with a pulse of visible light which excites the uncaged dye. The resulting fluorescence image is collected onto a sensitive CCD camera. The instrument is designed as an oil immersion microscope to minimize beam steering effects, The caged fluorescent dye is seeded in trace quantities throughout the active fluid, thus images with high contrast and minimal distortion due to any molecular diffusion history can be obtained at any point within the microchannel by selectively activating the dye in the immediate region of interest. We report images of pressure- and electrokinetically driven steady flow within round cross section capillaries having micrometer scale inner diameters, We also demonstrate the ability to recover the velocity profile from a time sequence of these scalar images by direct inversion of the conserved scalar advection-convection equation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Paul, PH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 204 Z9 207 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 13 BP 2459 EP 2467 DI 10.1021/ac9709662 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ZY081 UT WOS:000074584700033 PM 21644766 ER PT J AU Church, MN Spear, JD Russo, RE Klunder, GL Grant, PM Andresen, BD AF Church, MN Spear, JD Russo, RE Klunder, GL Grant, PM Andresen, BD TI Transient isotachophoretic-electrophoretic separations of lanthanides with indirect laser-induced fluorescence detection SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; COMPLEX-FORMING EQUILIBRIA; METAL-IONS; STABILITY-CONSTANTS; SAMPLE INJECTION; SIMULATION; ACID AB Indirect laser-induced fluorescence was used for the detection of several lanthanide species separated by capillary electrophoresis. Quinine sulfate was the fluorescent component of the background electrolyte, and alpha-hydroxyisobutyric acid was added as a complexing agent to enable the separation of analyte ions that have similar mobilities. The UV lines (333-364 nm) of an argon ion laser were used as the excitation source with a diode array detector for monitoring the fluorescent emission at 442 nn. Electrokinetic injections and transient isotachophoresis were implemented to stack the analyte ions into more concentrated zones. On-line preconcentration factors were determined to be similar to 700 and resulted in limits of detection for La3+, Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, and Eu3+ in the low-ppb range (6-11 nM). C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Forens Sci Ctr, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Klunder, GL (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, M-S 70-193A, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 13 BP 2475 EP 2480 DI 10.1021/ac971043+ PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ZY081 UT WOS:000074584700035 PM 21644767 ER PT J AU Deckert, V Zeisel, D Zenobi, R Vo-Dinh, T AF Deckert, V Zeisel, D Zenobi, R Vo-Dinh, T TI Near-field surface enhanced Raman imaging of dye-labeled DNA with 100-nm resolution SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; SILVER ELECTRODE; SHEAR FORCE; SPECTROSCOPY; SCATTERING; PROBE AB Raman chemical imaging on a scale of 100 mn is demonstrated for the first time. This is made possible by the combination of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM or NSOM) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), using brilliant cresyl blue (BCB)-labeled DNA as a sample. SERS substrates were produced by evaporating silver layers on Teflon nanospheres. The near-field SERS spectra were measured with an exposure time of 60 s and yielded good signal-to-noise ratios (25:1). The distinction between reflected light from the excitation laser and Raman scattered light allows the local sample reflectivity to be separated from the signal of the adsorbed DNA molecules. This is of general importance to correct for topographic coupling that often occurs in near-field optical imaging. The presented data show a lateral dependence of the Raman signals that points to special surface sites with particularly high SERS enhancement. C1 ETH Zurich, Organ Chem Lab, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Adv Monitoring Dev Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zenobi, R (reprint author), ETH Zurich, Organ Chem Lab, Univ Str 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. RI Zenobi, Renato/F-1113-2010; Deckert, Volker/I-5537-2016 OI Deckert, Volker/0000-0002-0173-7974 NR 34 TC 147 Z9 148 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 13 BP 2646 EP 2650 DI 10.1021/ac971304f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ZY081 UT WOS:000074584700061 PM 21644784 ER PT J AU Hurst, GB Weaver, K Doktycz, MJ Buchanan, MV Costello, AM Lidstrom, ME AF Hurst, GB Weaver, K Doktycz, MJ Buchanan, MV Costello, AM Lidstrom, ME TI MALDI-TOF analysis of polymerase chain reaction products from methanotrophic bacteria SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED LASER-DESORPTION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; SEQUENCING REACTIONS; FILM SUBSTRATE; DNA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; BIOREMEDIATION; STABILITY AB Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were designed to amplify 56- and 99-base regions of the pmoA gene from Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b and Methylomicrobium albus BG8, two species of methanotrophic bacteria that are of interest for monitoring bioremediation activity. The PCR product sizes are in a mass range that is accessible to analysis by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A rapid purification procedure using commercially available reversed-phase cartridges was applied prior to MALDI-TOF analysis. A small aliquot (1.5%, 1.5 mu L) from a single 100-mu L PCR reaction was sufficient for reliable detection. No cross-amplification products were observed when primers designed for one bacterial species were used with genomic DNA of the other species. The methodology described here has potential to allow less expensive and faster characterization of the ability of microbial populations to destroy pollutants in groundwater and soil at contaminated industrial sites. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Hurst, GB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hurstgb@ornl.gov RI Doktycz, Mitchel/A-7499-2011; Buchanan, Michelle/J-1562-2016 OI Doktycz, Mitchel/0000-0003-4856-8343; Buchanan, Michelle/0000-0002-8078-4575 NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 70 IS 13 BP 2693 EP 2698 DI 10.1021/ac980044e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA ZY081 UT WOS:000074584700067 PM 9666732 ER PT J AU Lazutin, LL Rasinkangas, R Kozelova, TV Korth, A Singer, H Reeves, G Riedler, W Torkar, K Gvozdevsky, BB AF Lazutin, LL Rasinkangas, R Kozelova, TV Korth, A Singer, H Reeves, G Riedler, W Torkar, K Gvozdevsky, BB TI Observations of substorm fine structure SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE-ATMOSPHERES HYDROSPHERES AND SPACE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE magnetospheric physics (storms and substorms) ID MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; GROWTH-PHASE; MAGNETOTAIL; EXPANSION; ELECTRON; DYNAMICS; ENERGY; PRECIPITATION; SIGNATURES AB Particle and magnetic field measurements on the CRRES satellite were used, together with geosynchronous satellites and ground-based observations, to investigate the fine structure of a magnetospheric substorm on February 9, 1991. Using the variations in the electron fluxes, the substorm activity was divided into several intensifications lasting about 3-15 minutes each. The two main features of the data were: (1) the intensifications showed internal fine structure in the time scale of about 2 minutes or less. We call these shorter periods activations. Energetic electrons and protons at the closest geosynchronous spacecraft (1990 095) were found to have comparable activation structure. (2) The energetic (> 69 keV) proton injections were delayed with respect to electron injections, and actually coincided in time with the end of the intensifications and partial returns to locally more stretched field line configuration. We propose that the energetic protons could be able to control the dynamics of the system locally be quenching the ongoing intensification and possibly preparing the final large-scale poleward movement of the activity. It was also shown that these protons originated from the same intensification as the preceeding electrons. Therefore, the substorm instability responsible for the intensifications could introduce a negative feedback loop into the system, creating the observed fine structure with the intensification time scales. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Polar Geophys Inst, Apatity 184200, Murmansk Region, Russia. Univ Oulu, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-90570 Oulu, Finland. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Russian Acad Sci, Polar Geophys Inst, Apatity 184200, Murmansk Region, Russia. RI Kozelova, Tamara/N-2760-2013; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; Gvozdevsky, Boris/A-5222-2017 OI Kozelova, Tamara/0000-0002-9942-7041; Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Gvozdevsky, Boris/0000-0003-1643-798X NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-ATM HYDR JI Ann. Geophys.-Atmos. Hydrospheres Space Sci. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 16 IS 7 BP 775 EP 786 DI 10.1007/s005850050647 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 107JT UT WOS:000075205200004 ER PT J AU Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Ding, YS Gur, RC Gatley, J Logan, J Moberg, PJ Hitzemann, R Smith, G Pappas, N AF Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS Ding, YS Gur, RC Gatley, J Logan, J Moberg, PJ Hitzemann, R Smith, G Pappas, N TI Parallel loss of presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine markers in normal aging SO ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARKINSONS-DISEASE; HUMAN BRAIN; BINDING; PET; NEURONS; RATS; AGE AB Aging of the human brain is associated with a decline in dopamine (DA) function, generally interpreted as reflecting DA cell loss. Positron emission tomography studies revealed that in healthy individuals, the age-related losses in DA transporters (presynaptic marker) were associated with losses in D2 receptors (postsynaptic marker) rather than with increases as is known to occur with DA cell loss. This association was specific for DA synaptic markers, because they were not correlated with striatal metabolism. Furthermore, the association was independent of age, suggesting that a common mechanism regulates the expression of receptors and transporters irrespective of age. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Psychiat, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Brain Behav Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA06891] NR 20 TC 110 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 227 EAST WASHINGTON SQ, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0364-5134 J9 ANN NEUROL JI Ann. Neurol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 44 IS 1 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1002/ana.410440125 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA ZZ257 UT WOS:000074711300023 PM 9667606 ER PT J AU DeNardo, GL DeNardo, SJ Kukis, DL O'Donnell, RT Shen, S Goldstein, DS Kroger, LA Salako, Q DeNardo, DA Mirick, GR Mausner, LF Srivastava, SC Meares, CF AF DeNardo, GL DeNardo, SJ Kukis, DL O'Donnell, RT Shen, S Goldstein, DS Kroger, LA Salako, Q DeNardo, DA Mirick, GR Mausner, LF Srivastava, SC Meares, CF TI Maximum tolerated dose of Cu-67-2IT-BAT-LYM-1 for fractionated radioimmunotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A pilot study SO ANTICANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE radioimmunotherapy; copper-67; lymphoma; MTD ID B-CELL MALIGNANCIES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; COLON CARCINOMA; CHELATING AGENT; SOLID TUMORS; LYM-1; COPPER; TRIAL; RADIONUCLIDES; TRANSPORT AB Purpose. Lym-1, a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) that preferentially targets malignant lymphocytes, has induced therapeutic responses in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) when labeled with iodine-131 (I-131). Radiometal labeled antibodies provide a higher tumor radiation dose than the I-131 labeled antibodies. Based on the strategy of corresponding fractionating the total radiation dose, this study was designed to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the first 2 of a maximum of 4, doses of Cu-67-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 given 4 weeks apart. Additionally, toxicity, radiation dosimetry and efficacy were assessed. Materials and Methods: Patients had Ann Arbor stage NE NHL, resistant to standard therapy including multiple chemotherapy regimens. Each dose of Cu-67-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 was given after a preload of unmodified Lym-1. A 10 mCi imaging dose of Cu-67-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 was given in order to assess pharmacokinetics and radiation dosimetry prior to therapy. Based on the MTD for I-131-Lym-1 and comparative dosimetry for I-131-Lym-1 and Cu-67-2IT-BAT-Lym-1, the trial was initiated at 60 millicuries per square meter of body surface area (mCi/m(2)) in cohorts of 3 patients. Results: A single cohort of patients proved sufficient to define the MTD as 60 mCi/m(2) for each of the first 2 doses of Cu-67-2IT-BAT-Lym-1. The dose-limiting toxicities were grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Neutropenic sepsis and bleeding did not occur. Mean radiation dose contributed to the bone marrow by Cu-67 in the body and blood was 0.2 (range, 0.2 to 0.3) rads/mCi. Copper-67 incorporated into ceruloplasmin contributed 25% of the dose to marrow from blood. Non-hematologic toxicities did not exceed grade 2. The three patients had substantial tumor regression even after imaging doses of Cu-67-2IT-BAT-Lym-1. After therapy, one response was complete with a duration of 12 months. Radiation doses to tumors in this patient varied from 7.0-21.9 rads/mCi or 5420-7000 total rads from the course of therapy. Conclusion: Cu-67-2IT-BAT-Lym-1 provided good imaging, favorable radiation dosimetry and a remarkably high therapeutic index (ratio of armor to marrow radiation doses). The non-myeloablative MTD for each of 2 doses was 60 mCi/m(2). C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Mol Canc Inst, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA USA. RP DeNardo, GL (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Mol Canc Inst, 1508 Alhambra Blvd,Room 3100, Sacramento, CA 95816 USA. RI Meares, Claude/A-8345-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 47829] NR 70 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT INST ANTICANCER RESEARCH PI ATHENS PA EDITORIAL OFFICE 1ST KM KAPANDNTIOU-KALAMOU RD KAPANDRITI, POB 22, ATHENS 19014, GREECE SN 0250-7005 J9 ANTICANCER RES JI Anticancer Res. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 18 IS 4B BP 2779 EP 2788 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 106XA UT WOS:000075175500002 PM 9713461 ER PT J AU Kuske, CR Banton, KL Adorada, DL Stark, PC Hill, KK Jackson, PJ AF Kuske, CR Banton, KL Adorada, DL Stark, PC Hill, KK Jackson, PJ TI Small-scale DNA sample preparation method for field PCR detection of microbial cells and spores in soil SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS SPORES; REACTION AMPLIFICATION; RIBOSOMAL DNA; RAPID METHOD; EXTRACT DNA; SEDIMENTS; BACTERIA; ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION AB Efficient, nonselective methods to obtain DNA from the environment are needed for rapid and thorough analysis of introduced microorganisms in environmental samples and for analysis of microbial community diversity in soil. A small-scale procedure to rapidly extract and purify DNA from soils was developed for in-the-field use, Amounts of DNA released from bacterial vegetative cells, bacterial endospores, and fungal conidia were compared by using hot-detergent treatment, freeze-thaw cycles, and bead mill homogenization. Combining a hot-detergent treatment with bead mill homogenization gave the highest DNA yields from all three microbial cell types and provided DNA from the broadest range of microbial groups in a natural soil community, Only the bead mill homogenization step was effective for DNA extraction from Bacillus globigii (B, subtilis subsp, niger) endospores or Fusarium moniliforme conidia. The hot-detergent-bead mill procedure was simplified and miniaturized. By using this procedure and small-scale, field-adapted purification and quantification procedures, DNA was prepared from four different soils seeded with Pseudomonas putida cells or B, globigii spores. In a New Mexico soil, seeded bacterial targets were detected with the same sensitivity as when assaying pure bacterial DNA (2 to 20 target gene copies in a PCR mixture). The detection limit of P, putida cells and B, globigii spores in different soils was affected by the amount of background DNA in the soil samples, the physical condition of the DNA, and the amount of DNA template used in the PCR. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Mol Biol Grp, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kuske, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Mol Biol Grp, Div Life Sci, M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM kuske@lanl.gov NR 38 TC 240 Z9 259 U1 4 U2 30 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 64 IS 7 BP 2463 EP 2472 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA ZY646 UT WOS:000074644700022 ER PT J AU Carroll, SA Alai, M Bruton, CJ AF Carroll, SA Alai, M Bruton, CJ TI Experimental investigation of cement, Topopah Spring tuff, and water interactions at 200 degrees C SO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The stability of minerals that tend to form in cementitious materials at elevated temperatures has been investigated experimentally. This information is needed to predict the effect of these materials on the performance of geologic radioactive waste repositories. Reaction of large amounts of cement used to build the repository with the surrounding rock and groundwater may cause changes in the hydrologic properties of the repository, impact metal canister and waste form corrosion rates, and alter the mobility of actinides in the subsurface. We have determined that 11 Angstrom-tobermorite, calcite and quartz is the stable (or at least metastable) mineral assemblage at 200 degrees C of complex experiments containing mixtures of cement, Topopah Spring tuff, diesel fuel and 3 mM NaHCO3 from analyses of the solids and solutions. Mesolite did not form in these experiments, despite predictions that it is the most stable phase. A solubility constant for 11 Angstrom-tobermorite was calculated to be equal to 10(39.4(+/-1.3))) at 200 degrees C for the following reaction: Ca-5(SiO2)(6)(OH)(10*)0.5H(2)O + 10H(+) = 5Ca(2+) + 6SiO(2(aq))+ 10.5H(2)0. 11 Angstrom - tobermorite (1) This work shows that reaction periods of at least 20 days are required to reach local equilibrium or steady-state. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Programs Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carroll, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Programs Directorate, L-219, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0883-2927 J9 APPL GEOCHEM JI Appl. Geochem. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 13 IS 5 BP 571 EP 579 DI 10.1016/S0883-2927(97)00069-3 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 108DB UT WOS:000075249800003 ER PT J AU Kao, HP Schoeniger, JS AF Kao, HP Schoeniger, JS TI Elliptical trough reflector for the collection of light from linear sources SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID EVANESCENT-WAVE; SENSORS AB A trough reflector with a reflective, truncated elliptical surface was designed to efficiently collect freely propagating light from a linear source. The source was placed at one focus of the reflector, and light was collected through a rectangular aperture near the second focus. Collection efficiency was much greater than that of a spherical integrator and approximate to 6.5x greater than that of an objective lens; as much as approximate to 55% of the light could be captured from the full aperture. This reflector could be used to efficiently collect surface fluorescence excited by use of evanescent waves in fluorescence-based fiber optic or capillary waveguide sensors. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Radiat Detect Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Soane BioSci, Hayward, CA 94545 USA. RP Kao, HP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Chem & Radiat Detect Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 37 IS 19 BP 4194 EP 4199 DI 10.1364/AO.37.004194 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA ZW479 UT WOS:000074415100020 PM 18285861 ER PT J AU Conradson, SD AF Conradson, SD TI Application of X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy to materials and environmental science SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Review ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; CENTERED LATTICE INSTABILITIES; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING CALCULATIONS; WIGNER POLARON CRYSTAL; NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURE EXAFS; CUO2 PLANE; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; MODULATED STRUCTURE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol MST11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Conradson, SD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol MST11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 108 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 19 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 52 IS 7 BP 252A EP 279A PG 28 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 105DQ UT WOS:000075057800001 ER PT J AU Mao, XL Ciocan, AC Russo, RE AF Mao, XL Ciocan, AC Russo, RE TI Preferential vaporization during laser ablation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE laser ablation; preferential vaporization; inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy; nanosecond laser; picosecond laser ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS; SOLID SAMPLES AB The Zn-to-Cu ratio in brass was measured by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The influence of laser beam properties (pulse width, wavelength, and power density) on fractional laser ablation was investigated. The behavior of the Zn/Cu ratio vs, laser power density shows that there are different mechanisms influencing ps and us laser ablation. With the use of a 30 ns pulse duration from an excimer laser, thermal vaporization appears to be the dominant process in the low-power density region. The Zn/Cu ratio approaches stoichiometry at higher power density, but the ablated mass still remains Zn rich. With a 35 ps pulse Nd:YAG laser, a nonthermal mechanism appears to govern the laser ablation process. When a 3 ns Nd:YAG laser is used, both thermal and nonthermal processes exist. For both 3 us and 30 ps Nd:YAG lasers, stoichiometric ablation can be achieved at higher power densities. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Russo, RE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 36 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 12 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 52 IS 7 BP 913 EP 918 DI 10.1366/0003702981944706 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 105DQ UT WOS:000075057800002 ER PT J AU Trujillo, EV Sandison, DR Utzinger, U Ramanujam, N Mitchell, MF Richards-Kortum, R AF Trujillo, EV Sandison, DR Utzinger, U Ramanujam, N Mitchell, MF Richards-Kortum, R TI Method to determine tissue fluorescence efficiency in vivo and predict signal-to-noise ratio for spectrometers SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE cost-effectiveness analysis; cervix; precancer; fluorescence spectroscopy; signal-to-noise ratio ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; DIAGNOSIS; SPECTROSCOPY; BREAST; FIELD AB Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the potential of fluorescence spectroscopy for in vivo diagnosis of pathology, There is significant potential to reduce the cost and complexity of instrumentation to measure tissue spectra; however, careful analysis is required to maximize performance and minimize cost. One measure of performance is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the resulting data. This paper describes a method to predict the SNR of a given optical design for a particular tissue application. In order to calculate the expected SNR, two pieces of information are required: (1) the throughput and inherent noise of the system and (2) a quantitative relationship between the illumination energy and the resulting tissue fluorescence available for collection, which we define as the tissue fluorescence efficiency (FE). We present a method to calculate the fluorescence efficiency of tissue from in Five measurements of tissue fluorescence, We report FE measurements of the normal and precancerous human cervix in vivo at 337, 380, and 460 nm excitation. We also present and evaluate a method to estimate the throughput and noise of various spectrometers and predict the expected SNR for tissue spectra by using the measured tissue FE, For squamous cervical tissue, as the degree of the disease increases, FE decreases, and as the excitation wavelength increases, FE decreases. Cervical tissue FE varies more than two orders of magnitude, depending on the tissue type and on the excitation wavelength used. Our SNR calculations, based on measured values of tissue FE, demonstrate agreement within a factor of 1.3 of the measured SNR on average, This method can be used to estimate the performance of different spectrometer designs for clinical use. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 2665, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Houston, TX 77035 USA. RP Richards-Kortum, R (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 52 IS 7 BP 943 EP 951 DI 10.1366/0003702981944751 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 105DQ UT WOS:000075057800006 ER PT J AU Moeckly, BH Char, K Huang, Y Merkle, KL AF Moeckly, BH Char, K Huang, Y Merkle, KL TI Interface-engineered high-T-c Josephson junctions SO APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC 97) CY JUN 25-28, 1997 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, German Natl Inst Metrol ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE DEVICES; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILMS; EDGE JUNCTIONS; ELECTROMIGRATION; SQUIDS AB We have developed a process for fabricating YBa2Cu3O7 thin-film, ramp-type edge junctions in which no deposited barrier is employed. These devices display excellent RSJ-type current-voltage (I-V) characteristics with values of I-c and R-n tunable over a useful range for operation of digital circuits. Initial junction reproducibility and uniformity are very encouraging; (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Conductus Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Moeckly, BH (reprint author), Conductus Inc, 969 W Mande Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0964-1807 J9 APPL SUPERCOND JI Appl. Supercond. PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 6 IS 7-9 BP 317 EP 323 DI 10.1016/S0964-1807(98)00070-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 208TR UT WOS:000081008300006 ER PT J AU Basavaraju, SR Jones, TD AF Basavaraju, SR Jones, TD TI Atherosclerotic risks from chemicals: Part I. Toxicological observations and mechanisms of atherosclerosis SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXATION; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CORONARY-ARTERY; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; RABBIT AORTA; NITRIC-OXIDE; VITAMIN-E AB Atherosclerosis is a common disease, primarily of the large arteries, that begins in childhood and progresses with advancing age. Atherosclerosis leads to coronary heart disease, the major cause of death in the United States. Several risk factors affect atherosclerosis, but high LDL cholesterol is the most important risk factor. In addition, high levels of lipoprotein (a) appear to be associated with increased atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. The level of lipoprotein (a) is genetically determined and is not affected by diet or exercise. Studies on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis suggest that several steps are involved, including endothelial injury, increased arterial permeability to plasma lipoproteins, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and platelet aggregation Atherosclerotic plaques are benign neoplasms of the arterial wall that result from the monoclonal proliferation of a single mutated smooth muscle cell. Abnormal proliferation of smooth muscle cells is the key event in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Endothelial injury is another major contributory factor. Many factors associated with an increased risk of cancer are also associated with atherosclerosis. Cancer and atherosclerosis go through the same stages of initiation, promotion, and complication. Both inflammatory and immune reactions play important roles in the progressions of the two diseases. Smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells produce and respond to several cytokines and growth factors, which may influence the initiation, progression, and complication of the atherosclerotic lesions. Many studies have shown that the production of nitric oxide is decreased in atherosclerosis-reduction in the bioavailability of nitric oxide in the arterial wall may lead to leukocyte adhesion and platelet aggregation, it should be noted additionally, nitric oxide is a mutagenic agent involved in the origin of neoplastic diseases. Atherosclerotic plaques express genes for products not found in the normal arterial wall. As with carcinogenesis, there may be more than one mechanism that promotes atherosclerotic lesions and there may be common mechanistic similarities between the two diseases. The purpose of this study is to establish an exploratory scientific hypothesis that will permit the use of standardized toxicological test data to evaluate different chemicals. The companion paper that follows will use a method of relative toxicological potencies to develop tentative risk coefficients based on relative potency. These papers, in combination provide both a conceptual and a quantitative hypothesis that can be tested with data from forthcoming epidemiological studies or animal test models. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Bennett Coll, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. RP Jones, TD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Bldg 4500-S,MS 6101,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 126 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 35 IS 1 BP 152 EP 164 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA ZR850 UT WOS:000074020800024 PM 9601934 ER PT J AU Jones, TD Morris, MD Basavaraju, SR AF Jones, TD Morris, MD Basavaraju, SR TI Atherosclerotic risks from chemicals: Part II. A RASH analysis of in vitro and in vivo bioassay data to evaluate 45 potentially hazardous compounds SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM; RELATIVE POTENCY ANALYSIS; COMPLEX-MIXTURES; UNIFYING CONCEPT; HEART-DISEASE; ASBESTOS; PERSISTENCE; ASSESSMENTS; LESIONS; FIBERS AB As reviewed in the Part I companion manuscript by Basavaraju and Jones (Arch Environ Contam Toxicol), atherosclerosis and carcinogenesis may share some common mechanisms of toxicological action. On that hypothesis, standardized test data taken from the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) were used to compute relative potency factors for chemical compounds associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis to humans. Potencies of the different compounds were computed relative to each of six reference compounds comprised of benzo(a)pyrene, nicotine, cisplatin, adriamycin, estrogen, and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Reference-specific potencies were all converted to a common numerical scale adjusted to unit potency for B(a)P. Because the list of compounds contained several antibiotics, amino acids, hormones, chemotherapeutic agents, polynuclear aromatics, alkaloids, metals, and vitamins, the standardized estimates of potency varied significantly depending on which of the six reference compounds are considered as standards of comparison. For the n - 1 other substances. Estimates of relative potency, risk coefficients, and generalized risk equations are estimated for cigarette smoke condensate, dietary cholesterol, ethanol, and carbon disulfide. From data on atherosclerosis as a result of cigarette smoking, a tentative risk was estimated as Increased Relative Risk = S (mg/kg-day)(-1) X dose (mg/kg-day) X RP, where the dose is chronic intake per kilogram of body weight per day, RP is the potency of the compound of interest relative to that of benzo(a)pyrene, and S is 0.83, 0.25, 0.20, or 13 depending on whether cigarette smoke, cholesterol, ethanol, or carbon disulfide epidemiological data were used as a standard of comparison. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Bennett Coll, Greensboro, NC 27401 USA. RP Jones, TD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Bldg 4500-S,MS 6101,POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 35 IS 1 BP 165 EP 177 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA ZR850 UT WOS:000074020800025 PM 9601935 ER PT J AU De Breuck, C Brotherton, MS Tran, HD van Breugel, W Rottgering, HJA AF De Breuck, C Brotherton, MS Tran, HD van Breugel, W Rottgering, HJA TI Discovery of an ultra-steep-spectrum, highly polarized red quasar at z=1.462 SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies : active; quasars : individual (WN J0717+4611); techniques : polarimetric ID RADIO; EXTINCTION; GALAXIES AB We report the discovery of WN J0717+4611, a highly polarized red quasar at z = 1.462 selected from a sample of faint (S-1.4 GHz > 10 mJy) ultra-steep-spectrum (alpha(1400)(327) < -1.3; S proportional to nu(alpha)) radio sources. VLA observations at 4.85 GHz show that the radio source is dominated by a 21 mJy core. Using the Keck Telescopes, we obtained spectra with a combined wavelength range covering 4000 Angstrom to 1.6 mu m and spectropolarimetric observations between 4000 and 9000 Angstrom. We identify WN J0717+4611 as a quasar based on broad emission of Mg II lambda 2800 (FWHM similar or equal to 11,000 km s(-1)), a stellar r(s)-band Lick image, and the high luminosity of the object (M-B = -24.2). The optical linear polarization is wavelength independent at 15% in both the continuum and the emission lines, with the polarization angle orthogonal to the radio jet axis. We argue that the polarization mechanism is scattering of quasar light by surrounding small dust grains or electrons. WN J0717+4611 appears highly reddened for a core-dominated quasar. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. RP De Breuck, C (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM debreuck@igpp.llnl.gov; mbrother@igpp.llnl.gov; htran@igpp.llnl.gov; wil@igpp.llnl.gov; rottgeri@strw.leidenuniv.nl NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 EI 1538-3881 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 116 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1086/300421 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104KB UT WOS:000075012500003 ER PT J AU Alves, DR Hoard, DW Rodgers, B AF Alves, DR Hoard, DW Rodgers, B TI IRAS 06562-0337, the ironclad nebula: A new young star cluster SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infrared radiation; ISM : molecules; stars : formation; stars : pre-main-sequence ID HERBIG AE/BE STARS; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; EMISSION-LINES; ORION NEBULA; P-CYGNI; FORBIDDEN; SPECTRA; IRAS-06562-0337; VARIABILITY; EXCITATION AB IRAS 06562-0337 has been the recent subject of a classic debate: is it a proto-planetary nebula or a young stellar object? We present the first 2 mu m image of IRAS 06562-0337, which reveals an extended diffuse nebula containing approximately 70 stars inside a 30 " radius around a bright, possibly resolved, central object, The derived stellar luminosity function is consistent with that expected from a single coeval population, and the brightness of the nebulosity is consistent with the predicted flux of unresolved low-mass stars. The stars and nebulosity are spatially coincident with strong CO line emission. We therefore identify IRAS 06562-0337 as a new young star cluster embedded in its placental molecular cloud. The central object is likely a Herbig Be star, M approximate to 20 M., which may be seen in reflection. We present medium-resolution high signal-to-noise ratio 1997 epoch optical spectra of the central object. Comparison with previously published spectra shows new evidence for time-variable permitted and forbidden line emission, including Si II, Fe II, [Fe II], and [O I]. We suggest that the origin is a dynamic stellar wind in the extended stratified atmosphere of the massive central star in IRAS 06562-0337. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Alves, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 116 IS 1 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.1086/300402 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 104KB UT WOS:000075012500022 ER PT J AU Nunez, J Llacer, J AF Nunez, J Llacer, J TI Bayesian image reconstruction with space-variant noise suppression SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE techniques : image processing; methods : data analysis ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; ENTROPY PRIOR; RESTORATION; ALGORITHM AB In this paper we present. a Bayesian image reconstruction algorithm with entropy prior (FMAPE) that uses a space-variant hyperparameter. The spatial variation of the hyperparameter allows different degrees of resolution in areas of different statistical characteristics, thus avoiding the large residuals resulting from algorithms that use a constant hyperparameter. In the first implementation of the algorithm, we begin by segmenting a Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) reconstruction. The segmentation method is based on using a wavelet decomposition and a self-organizing neural network. The result is a predetermined number of extended regions plus a small region for each star or bright object. To assign a different value of the hyperparameter to each extended region and star, we use either feasibility tests or cross-validation methods. Once the set of hyperparameters is obtained, we carried out the final Bayesian reconstruction, leading to a reconstruction with decreased bias and excellent visual characteristics. The method has been applied to data from the Iron-refurbished Hubble Space Telescope. The method can be also applied to ground-based images. C1 Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Observ Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nunez, J (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Av Diagonal 647, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. EM jorge@fajnml.am.ub.es; j_llacer@lbl.gov NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0365-0138 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS SUP JI Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 131 IS 1 BP 167 EP 180 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 101LJ UT WOS:000074870200021 ER PT J AU Brotherton, MS Wills, BJ Dey, A van Breugel, W Antonucci, R AF Brotherton, MS Wills, BJ Dey, A van Breugel, W Antonucci, R TI Spectropolarimetry of 3CR 68.1: A highly inclined quasar SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE quasars : individual : 3CR 68.1; line : profiles; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : emission lines; quasars : general; techniques : polarimetric ID MG-II ABSORPTION; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STANDARDS; STELLAR OBJECTS; RADIO GALAXIES; SAMPLE; QSO; EXTINCTION; DISTRIBUTIONS; POLARIZATION; SPECTRUM AB We present Keck spectropolarimetry of the highly polarized radio-loud quasar 3CR 68.1 (z = 1.228, V = 19). The polarization increases from 5% in the red (4000 Angstrom rest frame) to greater than 10% in the blue (1900 Angstrom rest frame). The broad emission lines are polarized the same as the continuum, which shows that 3CR 68.1 is not a blazar, as it has sometimes been regarded in the past. We also present measurements of the emission lines and a strong, blueshifted, associated absorption line system as well as a detection at the emission-line redshift of Ca II K absorption, presumably from stars in the host galaxy. Neither a blazar nor a partially obscured radio-quiet QSO, 3CR 68.1 belongs to an observationally rare class of highly polarized quasars. Taking into account the other unusual properties of 3CR 68.1, such as its extremely red spectral energy distribution and its extreme lobe dominance, we explain our spectropolarimetric results in terms of unified models. We argue that we have a dusty, highly inclined view of 3CR 68.1, with reddened scattered (polarized) quasar light diluted by even more dust-reddened quasar light reaching us directly from the nucleus. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Texas, Mcdonald Observ, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Astron, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Brotherton, MS (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, 7000 East Ave,POB 808,L413, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM mbrother@igpp.llnl.gov; bev@astro.as.utexas.edu; dey@skysrv.pha.jhu.edu; wil@igpp.llnl.gov; ski@ginger.physics.ucsb.edu NR 63 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 501 IS 1 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1086/305816 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA ZZ946 UT WOS:000074785300010 ER PT J AU Parriott, J Alcock, C AF Parriott, J Alcock, C TI On the number of comets around white dwarf stars: Orbit survival during the late stages of stellar evolution SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE circumstellar matter; comets : general; planetary systems; stars : mass loss; white dwarfs ID METAL ABUNDANCE PATTERNS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; PLANETARY-NEBULAE; BETA-PICTORIS; NEARBY STARS; OORT-CLOUDS; ACCRETION; DIFFUSION; EMISSION; VEGA AB The accretion of comets onto DA white dwarfs can produce observable metal absorption lines. We show here that comet systems around the progenitor main-sequence star are vulnerable to being lost during asymptotic giant branch mass loss, if the mass loss is sufficiently asymmetric to impart modest linear momentum to the white dwarf. This may have bearing on the frequency of observation of heavy elements in white dwarf stars and on inferences regarding the frequency of comet systems, if the imparted linear velocities of white dwarfs can be estimated. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Parriott, J (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM jelp@astro.lsa.umich.edu; alcock@igpp.llnl.gov NR 67 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 501 IS 1 BP 357 EP 366 DI 10.1086/305802 PN 1 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA ZZ946 UT WOS:000074785300029 ER PT J AU Evans, NW Gyuk, G Turner, MS Binney, J AF Evans, NW Gyuk, G Turner, MS Binney, J TI The LMC microlensing events: Evidence for a warped and flaring Milky Way disk? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE dark matter; Galaxy : halo; Galaxy : kinematics and dynamics ID LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; GALACTIC DISK; STARS; HALO AB The simplest interpretation of the microlensing events toward the Large Magellanic Cloud detected by the MACHO and EROS collaborations is that about one-third of the halo of our own Milky Way galaxy exists in the form of objects of around 0.5 M-.. There are grave problems with this interpretation. A normal stellar population of 0.5 M-. stars should be visible. The other obvious candidate for the lenses is a population of white dwarfs. However the precursor population must have polluted the interstellar medium with metals, in conflict with current population II abundances. Here we propose a mon conventional, but at the moment more speculative, explanation. Some of the lenses are stars in the disk of the Milky Way. They lie along the line of sight to the LMC because of warping and flaring of the Galactic disk. Depending on its scale length and ellipticity, the disk's optical depth may lie anywhere between 0.2 x 10(-7) and 0.9 x 10(-7). Together with contributions from the LMC disk and bar and perhaps even intervening stellar contaminants, the total optical depth may match the data within the uncertainties. Microlensing toward the LMC may be telling us more about the distorted structure and stellar populations of the outer Milky Way disk than the composition of the dark halo. C1 Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. SISSA, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Evans, NW (reprint author), Dept Phys, 1 Keble Rd, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. NR 35 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5801 S ELLIS AVENUE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 501 IS 1 BP L45 EP L49 DI 10.1086/311451 PN 2 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA ZZ948 UT WOS:000074785500011 ER PT J AU Gordon, SM Kirshner, RP Long, KS Blair, WP Duric, N Smith, RC AF Gordon, SM Kirshner, RP Long, KS Blair, WP Duric, N Smith, RC TI A new optical sample of supernova remnants in M33 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies, individual (M33); galaxies, ISM; radio continuum, galaxies; supernova remnants ID LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD; H-II REGIONS; EMISSION-LINE PROPERTIES; X-RAY; SPIRAL GALAXIES; NOVA REMNANTS; MORPHOLOGY; NUMBER; ATLAS; STARS AB We present a new and larger sample of supernova remnants in the nearby spiral galaxy M33. The sample is based upon CCD interference filter observations obtained with the Kitt Peak 4 m telescope and spectroscopic observations obtained with the Multiple Mirror Telescope. Using optical emission-line ratios, supplemented by a radio continuum map of M33 (Duric et al.; Gordon et al.), we have identified 98 supernova remnant (SNR) candidates, of which 53 were previously unknown. We have obtained spectra of 27 SNR candidates, bringing the total number of M33 SNRs for which spectra are available to 72. All the spectra show the characteristic signature of shock-heated gas, which leads us to believe that the rest of the candidates are also supernova remnants. The large sample provides a useful database to investigate the global properties of SNRs, In this paper, we present a new cumulative number-diameter [N(3.0.CO;2-W PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 107LF UT WOS:000075208800011 PM 9723009 ER PT J AU Pomes, R Roux, B AF Pomes, R Roux, B TI Free energy profiles for H+ conduction along hydrogen-bonded chains of water molecules SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; PROTON CONDUCTANCE; GRAMICIDIN; MODEL; MECHANISMS; TRANSPORT; CHANNEL; WIRE; TRANSLOCATION; MEMBRANES AB The molecular mechanism for proton conduction along hydrogen-bonded chains, or "proton wires," is studied with free energy simulations. The complete transport of a charge along a proton wire requires two complementary processes: 1) translocation of an excess proton (propagation of an ionic defect), and 2) reorientation of the hydrogen-bonded chain (propagation of a bonding defect). The potential of mean force profile for these two steps is computed in model systems comprising a single-file chain of nine dissociable and polarizable water molecules represented by the PM6 model of Stillinger and cc-workers. Results of molecular dynamics simulations with umbrella sampling indicate that the unprotonated chain is preferably polarized, and that the inversion of its total dipole moment involves an activation free energy of 8 kcal/mol. In contrast, the rapid translocation of an excess H+ across a chain extending between two spherical solvent droplets is an activationless process. These results suggest that the propagation of a bonding defect constitutes a limiting step for the passage of several protons along single-file chains of water molecules, whereas the ionic translocation may be fast enough to occur within the lifetime of transient hydrogen-bonded water chains in biological membranes. C1 Univ Montreal, Dept Phys, Grp Rech Transport Membranaire, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. Univ Montreal, Dept Chim, Grp Rech Transport Membranaire, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Biol & Biophys Grp, T-10,Mail Stop K-710, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM regis@lanl.gov NR 31 TC 162 Z9 162 U1 4 U2 15 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 75 IS 1 BP 33 EP 40 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 108BM UT WOS:000075246200003 PM 9649365 ER PT J AU Weissman, JC Radway, JC Wilde, EW Benemann, JR AF Weissman, JC Radway, JC Wilde, EW Benemann, JR TI Growth and production of thermophilic cyanobacteria in a simulated thermal mitigation process SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fischerella; Mastigocladus; nutrient removal; waste heat utilization ID FISCHERELLA MASTIGOCLADUS; NUTRIENT REMOVAL; CYANOPHYTA; LAMINOSUS AB A cyanobacterial cultivation process, designed to mitigate impacts of thermal effluents by reducing their nutrient content, was simulated in bench-scale rests using semicontinuous cultures of the nitrogen fixing thermophile Fischerella (formerly Mastigocladus laminosus). The cyanobacterial strains were isolated from and grown in water from nuclear reactor cooling reservoirs at the Savannah River Site near.Aiken, South Carolina. Major limiting factors for biomass production under various scenarios included temperature, light, carbon and phosphorus. The amount of biomass recycling needed to maintain a stable biomass in the mitigation (nutrient removal) zone of the mock reservoir varied with different light and temperature scenarios that were tested. In the worst case scenario, when biomass was repeatedly recycled into heated water at the end of the light cycle rather than at the beginning, stable daily production could be maintained only when 75% of the biomass was recycled. Otherwise, the inoculated biomass was able to maintain one doubling per day allowing a daily recycle of 50% of the biomass. Overall, the growth rates and primary production capabilities needed for successful operation of a proposed process for nutrient removal from thermal effluents were demonstrated in these laboratory simulations. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. Microbial Prod Inc, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. RP Wilde, EW (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 65 IS 1-2 BP 87 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S0960-8524(98)00008-X PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA ZY584 UT WOS:000074638300013 ER PT J AU Distler, JK Dorcas, ME Gibbons, JW Kandl, KL Russell, KR AF Distler, JK Dorcas, ME Gibbons, JW Kandl, KL Russell, KR TI Winter mortality in the green anole, Anolis carolinensis (Lacertilia : Polychridae) SO BRIMLEYANA LA English DT Article AB Winter behaviors of lizards are poorly documented. Most available information pertains to the formation of aggregations to escape freezing temperatures. During cold weather, lizards may seek shelter under bark, felled trees, or rotting stumps. However, such refugia may not provide adequate protection during abnormally cold conditions. We discovered the remains of 12 adult green anoles (Anolis carolinensis) within a Carolina bay located on International Paper Timber Company land in Marion County, South Carolina. The anoles presumably were killed by severe winter temperatures during the winter of 1996. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Distler, JK (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORTH CAROLINA STATE MUSEUM NATURAL SCIENCES PI RALEIGH PA DEPT ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH NATURAL RESOURCES, PO BOX 29555, RALEIGH, NC 27626 USA SN 0193-4406 J9 BRIMLEYANA JI Brimleyana PD JUL PY 1998 IS 25 BP 140 EP 143 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 116EU UT WOS:000075711500011 ER PT J AU Miura, M Micca, PL Fisher, CD Gordon, CR Heinrichs, JC Slatkin, DN AF Miura, M Micca, PL Fisher, CD Gordon, CR Heinrichs, JC Slatkin, DN TI Evaluation of carborane-containing porphyrins as tumour targeting agents for boron neutron capture therapy SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID P-BORONOPHENYLALANINE; MICE; MELANOMA; BIODISTRIBUTION; TOXICITY AB A number of carborane-containing porphyrins were administered to mice bearing subcutaneously transplanted mammary carcinomas. Administration was via serial intraperitoneal (ip) injections to assess their relative toxicities and tumour affinities. Three analogues of the natural porphyrin heme and four tetraphenylporphyrins (TPPs) were given at total doses of 78-245 mu g g(-1) body weight. The water-insoluble TPPs were less toxic to mice, and delivered greater amounts of boron to tumour than did the water-soluble TPPs and the heme analogues. One such compound, NiTCP-H, delivered more than 100 mu g B g(-1) to tumour tissue with a tumour:blood boron concentration ratio greater than 500:1 and a tumour:brain boron concentration ratio greater than 50:1, 4 days after the last of six ip injections given over 2 days. Another TPP analogue, NiTCP, delivered approximate to 50 mu g B g(-1) to tumour with similar boron concentrations in normal tissues. Neither compound was toxic to mice at total doses of approximate to 200 mu g g(-1) body weight. In contrast, the heme analogues were toxic and, with the exception of VCDP: delivered less boron to tumour than NiTCP and NiTCP-H. The two porphyrins with the greatest potential for application to boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), NiTCP and NiTCP-H, yielded higher tumour:blood and tumour:brain boron concentration ratios in mice than could be achieved with p-boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate (BSH), the compounds which are currently being used in clinical trials of BNCT in the treatment of glioblastoma. The boron delivered by each of the porphyrins tested remained. in tumour tissue longer than did boron delivered by either BPA or BSH. The copper and nickel chelates of these porphyrins behave identically in vivo. The former offer the potential for imaging by Cu-67-mediated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to aid BNCT treatment planning. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Miura, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRITISH INST RADIOLOGY PI LONDON PA 36 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 4AT, ENGLAND SN 0007-1285 J9 BRIT J RADIOL JI Br. J. Radiol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 71 IS 847 BP 773 EP 781 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA ZZ881 UT WOS:000074777900012 PM 9771389 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Forrest, S Ackley, DH Perelson, AS AF Smith, DJ Forrest, S Ackley, DH Perelson, AS TI Using lazy evaluation to simulate realistic-size repertoires in models of the immune system SO BULLETIN OF MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY REPERTOIRE; NETWORK AB We describe a method of implementing efficient computer simulations of immune systems that have a large number of unique B- and/or T-cell clones. The method uses an implementation technique called lazy evaluation to create the illusion that all clones are being simulated, while only actually simulating a much smaller number of clones that can respond to the antigens in the simulation. The method is effective because only 0.001-0.01% of clones can typically be stimulated by an antigen, and because many simulations involve only a small number of distinct antigens. A lazy simulation of a realistic number of clones and 10 distinct antigens is 1000 times faster and 10 000 times smaller than a conventional simulation-making simulations of immune systems with realistic-size repertoires computationally tractable. (C) 1998 Society for Mathematical Biology. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Univ New Mexico, Dept Comp Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM dsmith@cs.unm.edu; forrest@cs.unm.edu; ackley@cs.unm.edu; asp@lanl.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR06555] NR 41 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0092-8240 EI 1522-9602 J9 B MATH BIOL JI Bull. Math. Biol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 60 IS 4 BP 647 EP 658 DI 10.1006/bulm.1997.0035 PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA ZW917 UT WOS:000074461300002 PM 9659009 ER PT J AU Marzolf, ER Mulholland, PJ Steinman, AD AF Marzolf, ER Mulholland, PJ Steinman, AD TI Reply: Improvements to the diurnal upstream-downstream dissolved oxygen change technique for determining whole-stream metabolism in small streams SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Marzolf, ER (reprint author), Div Environm Sci, St Johns River Water Management Dist, Palatka, FL 32178 USA. RI Mulholland, Patrick/C-3142-2012 NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 20 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 55 IS 7 BP 1786 EP 1787 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 124HL UT WOS:000076176300022 ER PT J AU Lymar, SV Hurst, JK AF Lymar, SV Hurst, JK TI Radical nature of peroxynitrite reactivity SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hurst, JK (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Dept Chem, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI15834] NR 0 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 11 IS 7 BP 714 EP 715 DI 10.1021/tx980076x PG 2 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 103XU UT WOS:000074983800004 PM 9671530 ER PT J AU Dally, BB Masri, AR Barlow, RS Fiechtner, GJ AF Dally, BB Masri, AR Barlow, RS Fiechtner, GJ TI Instantaneous and mean compositional structure of bluff-body stabilized nonpremixed flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT; METHANE; EXTINCTION; OXIDATION AB Turbulent nonpremixed flames stabilized on an axisymmetric bluff-body burner are studied with fuels ranging from simple H-2/CO to complex H-2/CH4 and gaseous methanol. The fuel-jet velocity is varied to investigate the Damkohler number effects on gas emissions, localized extinction (LE) in the neck zone, and the structure of the recirculation zone dependency on the flow field. Simultaneous, single-point measurements of temperature. major species, OH, and NO are made using the Raman/Rayleigh/Laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. The data are collected at different axial and radial locations along the full length of most names and are presented in the form of ensemble means, root-mean-square (rms) fluctuations, scatter plots, and probability density functions (PDF). It is found that up to three mixing layers may exist in the recirculation zone, one on the air side of the outer vortex, one between the inner and the outer vortices, and one between the fuel jet and the inner vortex. With increasing jet momentum flux, the average mixture in the outer vortex loses its strength and the stoichiometric contour shifts closer to the fuel jet. The decay rate of the mixture fraction on The centerline exhibits similar trends to the ordinary jet flame downstream of the recirculation zone whereas different trends are found inside the recirculation zone. The laminar flame computations with constant mass diffusivities and Lewis number (Le) = 1 are found to be better guides for the measured temperature and stable species mass fraction in the turbulent names. The measured peak mass fractions of CO and H-2 are similar to those reported earlier for pilot-stabilized flames of similar fuels. Compared with laminar name compositions with equal diffusivities and Le = 1.0, measured CO may be in superflamelet concentration. Hydroxyl radical and H, are found not to be in superflamelet levels contrary to earlier findings in piloted flames. The start of LE and the bimodality of the conditional PDF are consistent with those reported earlier for piloted names of similar fuels. (C) 1998 by The Combustion Institute. C1 Univ Sydney, Dept Mech & Mechatron Engn, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA USA. RP Dally, BB (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Dept Mech & Mechatron Engn, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. OI Dally, Bassam/0000-0001-9777-0885 NR 44 TC 146 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 1998 VL 114 IS 1-2 BP 119 EP 148 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(97)00280-0 PG 30 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA ZL208 UT WOS:000073409600008 ER PT J AU Curran, HJ Gaffuri, P Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK AF Curran, HJ Gaffuri, P Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK TI A comprehensive modeling study of n-heptane oxidation SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID RAPID COMPRESSION MACHINE; HYDROGEN-ATOM ABSTRACTION; HYDROCARBON-AIR MIXTURES; JET-STIRRED REACTOR; REACTION-MECHANISM; CFR ENGINE; ISOMERIZATION-REACTIONS; ARRHENIUS PARAMETERS; REACTION-KINETICS; HIGH-TEMPERATURES AB A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism has been developed and used to study the oxidation of n-heptane in flow reactors, shock tubes, and rapid compression machines. Over the series of experiments numerically investigated, the initial pressure ranged from 1-42 atm, the temperature from 550-1700 K, the equivalence ratio from 0.3-1.5, and nitrogen-argon dilution from 70-99%. The combination of ignition delay time and species composition data provide for a stringent test of the chemical kinetic mechanism. The reactions are classed into various types, and the reaction rate constants are given together with an explanation of how the rate constants were obtained. Experimental results from the literature of ignition behind reflected shock waves and in a rapid compression machine were used to develop and validate the reaction mechanism at both low and high temperatures. Additionally, species composition data from a variable pressure now reactor and a jet-stirred reactor were used to help complement and refine the low-temperature portions of the reaction mechanism. A sensitivity analysis was performed for each of the combustion environments. This analysis showed that the low-temperature chemistry is very sensitive to the formation of stable olefin species from hydroperoxy-alkyl radicals and to the chain-branching steps involving ketohydroperoxide molecules. (C) 1998 by The Combustion Institute. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Curran, HJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-407, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. OI Curran, Henry/0000-0002-5124-8562 NR 86 TC 898 Z9 955 U1 18 U2 166 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 1998 VL 114 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 177 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(97)00282-4 PG 29 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA ZL208 UT WOS:000073409600009 ER PT J AU Marinov, NM Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK Vincitore, AM Castaldi, MJ Senkan, SM Melius, CF AF Marinov, NM Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK Vincitore, AM Castaldi, MJ Senkan, SM Melius, CF TI Aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation in a laminar premixed n-butane flame SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID BOND-DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; HYDROGEN-ATOM ABSTRACTION; PYROLYSIS; MECHANISMS; MOLECULES; OXIDATION; ACETYLENE; ETHYLENE; RADICALS; PHENOL AB Experimental and detailed chemical kinetic modeling work has been performed to investigate aromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation pathways in a premixed, rich, sooting, n-butane-oxygen-argon burner stabilized flame. An atmospheric pressure, laminar flat flame operated at an equivalence ratio of 2.6 was used to acquire experimental data for model validation. Gas composition analysis was conducted by an on-line gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer technique. Measurements were made in the main reaction and post-reaction zones for a number of low molecular weight species, aliphatics, aromatics and polycyclic aromatic hyrdrocarbons (PAHs) ranging from two to five-fused aromatic rings. Reaction flux and sensitivity analysis were used to help identify the important reaction sequences leading to aromatic and PAH growth and destruction in the n-butane flame. Reaction flux analysis showed the propargyl recombination reaction was the dominant pathway to benzene formation. The consumption of propargyl by H atoms was shown to limit propargyl, benzene, and naphthalene formation in flames as exhibited by the large negative sensitivity coefficients. Naphthalene and phenanthrene production was shown to be plausibly formed through reactions involving resonantly stabilized cyclopentadienyl and indenyl radicals. Many of the low molecular weight aliphatics, combustion by-products, aromatics. branched aromatics, and PAHs were fairly well simulated by the model. Additional work is required to understand the formation mechanisms of phenyl acetylene, pyrene, and fluoranthene in the n-butane name. (C) 1998 by The Combustion Institute. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Marinov, NM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 73 TC 318 Z9 330 U1 10 U2 96 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 1998 VL 114 IS 1-2 BP 192 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(97)00275-7 PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA ZL208 UT WOS:000073409600011 ER PT J AU Echekki, T Chen, JH AF Echekki, T Chen, JH TI Structure and propagation of methanol-air triple flames SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL MOLECULAR-DIFFUSION; NONPREMIXED FLAMES; TURBULENT; COMBUSTION; FUEL AB The structure and propagation for a methanol (CH3OH)-air triple fame are studied using direct numerical simulations (DNS). The methanol (CH3OH)-air triple flame is found to burn with an asymmetric shape due to the different chemical and transport processes characterizing the mixture. The excess fuel, CH3OH, on the rich premixed flame branch is replaced by more stable fuels CO and H-2 which burn at the diffusion fame. On the lean premixed flame side, a higher concentration of O-2 leaks through to the diffusion flame. The general structure of the triple point features the contribution of both differential diffusion of radicals; and heat. A mixture fraction-temperature phase plane description of the triple name structure is proposed to highlight some interesting features in partially premixed combustion. The effects of differential diffusion at the triple point add to the contribution of hydrodynamic effects in the propagation of the triple flame. Differential diffusion effects are measured using two methods: a direct computation using diffusion velocities and an indirect computation based on the difference between the normalized mixture fractions of C and H. The mixture fraction approach does not clearly identify the effects of differential diffusion, in particular at the curved triple point, because of ambiguities in the contribution of carbon and hydrogen atoms' carrying species. (C) 1998 by The Combustion Institute. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Echekki, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Echekki, Tarek/C-7394-2009; OI Echekki, Tarek/0000-0002-0146-7994 NR 25 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUL PY 1998 VL 114 IS 1-2 BP 231 EP 245 DI 10.1016/S0010-2180(97)00287-3 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA ZL208 UT WOS:000073409600013 ER PT J AU Langer, SH AF Langer, SH TI A comparison of the floating-point performance of current computers SO COMPUTERS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Interial Confinement Fus Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Langer, SH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Interial Confinement Fus Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0894-1866 J9 COMPUT PHYS JI Comput. Phys. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 12 IS 4 BP 338 EP 345 DI 10.1063/1.168693 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 114MX UT WOS:000075614200013 ER PT J AU Gleiser, M AF Gleiser, M TI Phase transitions in the Universe SO CONTEMPORARY PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SUBCRITICAL BUBBLES; ELECTROWEAK AB During the past two decades, cosmologists turned to particle physics in order to explore the physics of the very early Universe. The main link between the physics of the smallest and largest structures in the Universe is the idea of spontaneous symmetry breaking, familiar from condensed matter physics. Implementing this mechanism into cosmology leads to the interesting possibility that phase transitions related to the breaking of symmetries in high energy particle physics took place during the early history of the Universe. These cosmological phase transitions may help us understand many of the challenges faced by the standard hot Big Bang model of cosmology, while offering a unique window into the very early Universe and the physics of high energy particle interactions. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, NASA Fermilab Astrophys Ctr, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Osserv Astron Roma, I-00136 Rome, Italy. RP Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-7514 EI 1366-5812 J9 CONTEMP PHYS JI Contemp. Phys. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 39 IS 4 BP 239 EP 253 DI 10.1080/001075198181937 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 105CF UT WOS:000075054300002 ER PT J AU Ashjian, CJ Smith, SL Flagg, CN Wilson, C AF Ashjian, CJ Smith, SL Flagg, CN Wilson, C TI Patterns and occurrence of diel vertical migration of zooplankton biomass in the Mid-Atlantic Bight described by an acoustic Doppler current profiler SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE SIGNIFICANCE; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; BEHAVIOR; COPEPODS; DAPHNIA; FOOD; PHYTOPLANKTON; DISTRIBUTIONS; ENVIRONMENT AB The seasonal occurrence, timing, and pattern of diel vertical migration of acoustically estimated zooplankton biomass at the edge of the continental shelf off the eastern United States is described based on the SEEP II (Shelf Edge Exchange Processes in the Southern Middle Atlantic Eight) data set obtained between February 1988 and May 1989. Zooplankton biomass was estimated using a bottom-moored, upward-looking 300 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler deployed at the 90 m isobath. Vertical distributions of biomass were represented by the median depths of the acoustically estimated biomass which had been normalized relative to the maximum and minimum depths for each day and time standardized such that sunrise and sunset occurred at 0600 and 1800, respectively. Periods of diel vertical migration during the 15 month record were identified by determining daily least-squares fits of hourly vertical velocities to an ideal curve of migrating biomass velocities such that maximum upwards and downwards velocities of zooplankton biomass coincided with sunset and sunrise, respectively. Diel vertical migration occurred for 35, 15, and 20% of the days (p < 0.05) during each of the spring, summer, and fall/winter mooring deployments, respectively. The occurrence of diel vertical migration at the site appeared to be affected primarily by changes in the community composition of the zooplankton which was strongly influenced by the advection of different water types and associated zooplankton communities over the site. Little correlation was observed between the occurrence or magnitude of vertical migration and environmental parameters such as chlorophyll a concentration and temperature. Daily vertical migrations were timed to the diel light cycle. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RI Wilson, Cara/A-8816-2009; OI Wilson, Cara/0000-0001-9318-2322 NR 71 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 18 IS 8 BP 831 EP 858 DI 10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00019-3 PG 28 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 124GT UT WOS:000076174600001 ER PT J AU Heuer, JK Stubbins, JF AF Heuer, JK Stubbins, JF TI Microstructure analysis of coupons exposed to carbon dioxide corrosion in multiphase flow SO CORROSION LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide corrosion; flow; microstructure; morphology; multiphase flow; oil and gas; pipelines; pressure; temperature; type 1018 steel AB Carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion products formed on low-carbon steel test coupons exposed to multiphase flows of CO2-oil-salt water mixtures were analyzed. The effects of flow, temperature, pressure, and fluid composition on formation of these corrosion surfaces also were examined. Type 1018 steel (UNS G10180) coupons were exposed in a high-pressure horizontal flow loop. Examination of the exposed coupons was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Three common features were discovered among the coupons: (I)films with an iron corrosion product, (2) bare steel surfaces (with no film) containing iron carbide (Fe3C) structures in a ferrite matrix and (3) crystalline features found to be iron carbonate (FeCO3) or salts from the seawater. The effects of flow, temperature, pressure, and fluid composition on formation of these surfaces were studied by comparing coupons exposed to similar conditions. Little change in morphology of the corrosion surface was found as the temperature and CO2 partial pressure increased. More apparent changes, however, appeared with declining salt water percentages in the fluid. The most evident changes in corrosion morphology emerged with variations in flow. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Heuer, JK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Dom, Rekha/B-7113-2012 NR 10 TC 35 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL ASSN CORROSION ENG PI HOUSTON PA 1440 SOUTH CREEK DRIVE, HOUSTON, TX 77084-4906 USA SN 0010-9312 J9 CORROSION JI Corrosion PD JUL PY 1998 VL 54 IS 7 BP 566 EP 575 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA ZZ844 UT WOS:000074773200009 ER PT J AU Hayward, SW Haughney, PC Rosen, MA Greulich, KM Weier, HUG Dahiya, R Cunha, GR AF Hayward, SW Haughney, PC Rosen, MA Greulich, KM Weier, HUG Dahiya, R Cunha, GR TI Interactions between adult human prostatic epithelium and rat urogenital sinus mesenchyme in a tissue recombination model SO DIFFERENTIATION LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-FACTOR RECEPTOR; FEMINIZED TFM/Y MICE; ANTERIOR PROSTATE; VENTRAL PROSTATE; SEMINAL-VESICLE; CELLS; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION; ORGANIZATION; UROTHELIUM AB Tissue recombinants composed of adult human prostatic epithelium (hPrE) and rat urogenital sinus mesenchyme (rUGM) were grafted beneath the renal capsule of athymic rodent hosts. The pseudostratified human epithelium initially became multilayered, solid epithelial cords emerged, grew into the surrounding mesenchyme and canalized to regenerate a pseudostratified epithelium. Basal cells expressed cytokeratins 5 and 14, while luminal cells expressed cytokeratins 8 and 18, prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase. The rat mesenchymal component differentiated into thick sheets of smooth muscle, characteristic of the human but not the rat prostate. These findings indicate that epithelial-mesenchymal interactions were reciprocal. Rat UGM induced adult hPrE to form new ductal-acinar tissue, involving epithelial proliferation, ductal branching morphogenesis and functional cytodifferentiation. Concurrently the epithelium dictated smooth muscle differentiation and patterning. Species-specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction SC (RT-PCR) analysis of the tissue recombinants was performed to separately examine the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), TGF-beta 1, and TGF-beta 3 in the epithelium, stroma and host components of the graft. All of these genes, except TGF-beta 1, were expressed in all three tissues. Human TGF-beta 1 was not detected, indicating that this gene was not expressed in human prostatic epithelium but was present in stroma. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Anat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Urol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hayward, SW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Mt Zion Canc Ctr, 2340 Sutter St, San Francisco, CA 94145 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 59831]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK52721, DK 45861] NR 45 TC 131 Z9 133 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4681 J9 DIFFERENTIATION JI Differentiation PD JUL PY 1998 VL 63 IS 3 BP 131 EP 140 DI 10.1046/j.1432-0436.1998.6330131.x PG 10 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 101PL UT WOS:000074877300004 PM 9697307 ER PT J AU Nikolaev, LG Akopov, SB Chernov, IP Glotov, BO Ashworth, LK Sverdlov, ED AF Nikolaev, LG Akopov, SB Chernov, IP Glotov, BO Ashworth, LK Sverdlov, ED TI Position of 19 nuclear matrix associated regions (MARs) on human chromosome 19 SO DOKLADY AKADEMII NAUK LA Russian DT Article ID SEQUENCES; HUMAN-CHROMOSOME-19; IDENTIFICATION C1 MM Shemyakin & YA Ovchinnikov Bioorgan Chem Inst, Moscow, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Mol Genet, Moscow 123182, Russia. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Livermore, CA USA. RP Nikolaev, LG (reprint author), MM Shemyakin & YA Ovchinnikov Bioorgan Chem Inst, Moscow, Russia. RI Nikolaev, Lev/J-1666-2012 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEZHDUNARODNAYA KNIGA PI MOSCOW PA 39 DIMITROVA UL., 113095 MOSCOW, RUSSIA SN 0869-5652 J9 DOKL AKAD NAUK+ JI Dokl. Akad. Nauk PD JUL PY 1998 VL 361 IS 3 BP 409 EP 411 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 118KF UT WOS:000075836700031 ER PT J AU Phillips, WM McDonald, EV Reneau, SL Poths, J AF Phillips, WM McDonald, EV Reneau, SL Poths, J TI Dating soils and alluvium with cosmogenic Ne-21 depth profiles: case studies from the Pajarito Plateau, New Mexico, USA SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE exposure age; Bandelier Tuff; Quaternary; geochronology ID PRODUCTION-RATES; VALLES CALDERA; NUCLIDES; QUARTZ; BE-10; AGE; ACCUMULATION; SURFACES; C-14; NEON AB Ne-21 depth profiles measured from amalgamated samples of sand-sized quartz from the Quaternary Bandelier Tuff were used to estimate inheritance-corrected exposure ages in stream terraces and an alluvial fan on the Pajarito Plateau. Stable alluvium and associated soils display a downward decreasing (Type I) nuclide profile pattern, Bioturbated colluvium with uniform (Type III) nuclide concentrations has buried these alluvial surfaces. Another possible profile type with downward increasing nuclide concentrations (Type II) is described but was not found on the Pajarito Plateau, We present mathematical models for each of the profile patterns relating nuclide concentration to inheritance, time-averaged bulk density, and either exposure time or burial rate. Curve fits of Type I profiles an used to estimate the age of alluvial landforms. A burial correction technique for deposits buried by younger colluvium is also presented. Inheritance- and burial-corrected Ne-21 surface exposure ages of 144 +/- 17 ka and 63 +/- 8 ka for two Pajarito Plateau stream terraces agree within error with independent soil profile development index dates of 160 ka and 68-78 ka, A soil overlying the 50-60 ka El Cajete pumice yields an inheritance-corrected Ne-21 exposure age of 44 +/- 11 ka that also agrees closely with a C-14 age on soil charcoal of 41 ka. These results demonstrate that reliable cosmogenic 21Ne exposure ages can be obtained for fine-grained alluvial surfaces with the depth profile technique. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Phillips, WM (reprint author), Colorado Coll, Dept Geol, 14 E Cache Poudre, Colorado Springs, CO 80903 USA. NR 26 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 160 IS 1-2 BP 209 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00076-4 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 104GB UT WOS:000075005400015 ER PT J AU Thackeray, MM Shao-Horn, Y Kahaian, AJ Kepler, KD Vaughey, JT Hackney, SA AF Thackeray, MM Shao-Horn, Y Kahaian, AJ Kepler, KD Vaughey, JT Hackney, SA TI Structural fatigue in spinel electrodes in high voltage (4V) Li/LixMn2O4 cells SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CAPACITY LOSSES; BATTERIES; DISSOLUTION; OXIDES AB Evidence of structural fatigue has been detected at the surface of discharged Li-x[Mn-2]O-4 spinel electrodes in (4 V) Li/Li-x[Mn-2]O-4 cells. Under nonequilibrium conditions, domains of tetragonal Li-2[Mn-2]O-4 coexist with cubic Li[Mn-2]O-4, even at 500 mV above the thermodynamic voltage expected for the onset of the tetragonal phase. The presence of Li-2[Mn-2]O-4 on the particle surface may contribute to some of the capacity fade observed during cycling of Li/Li-x[Mn-2]O-4 cells. (C) 1998 The Electrochemical Society, Inc. S1099-0062(98)02-070-7. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Chem Sci, Dept Chem Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Thackeray, MM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. OI Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129 NR 17 TC 340 Z9 351 U1 11 U2 77 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 1 IS 1 BP 7 EP 9 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 182DZ UT WOS:000079484400003 ER PT J AU Kong, F Kim, J Song, X Inaba, M Kinoshita, K McLarnon, F AF Kong, F Kim, J Song, X Inaba, M Kinoshita, K McLarnon, F TI Exploratory studies of the carbon/nonaqueous electrolyte interface by electrochemical and in situ ellipsometry measurements SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON ELECTRODES; LITHIUM; ANODE; BATTERIES; BEHAVIOR; FIBER AB An electrochemical cell was fabricated and used for in situ ellipsometry studies of the carbon/electrolyte interface during potential cycling in nonaqueous electrolytes. The initial studies were conducted on smooth carbon films obtained by pyrolysis of a positive photoresist on a Si wafer at 1000 degrees C. The potential of the carbon film in 1 M LiPF6+ ethylene carbonate-dimethyl carbonate was scanned from open circuit (3.0 V) to 0 V (vs. Li), and the ellipsometry parameters Delta and Psi were recorded. Detectable changes in the ellipsometry parameters occurred at potentials near 1.5 V, where a large cathodic current was observed. These changes were attributed to the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer. Subsequent potential scans between 3.0 and 0 V showed no significant change in the ellipsometry parameters or the current-potential profiles, indicative of an SEI layer which remained unchanged. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicated that Li and F were the major elements present in the SEI layer on the carbon surface. Preliminary analysis of the ellipsometry data using a single-layer effective medium approximation model indicated that the SEI layer was 4 nm thick. (C) 1998 The Electrochemical Society, Inc. S1099-0062(97)11-070-7. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Energy & Hydrocarbon, Kyoto 60601, Japan. RP Kong, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM K_kinoshita@lbl.gov NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 1 IS 1 BP 39 EP 41 PG 3 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 182DZ UT WOS:000079484400014 ER PT J AU Hong, J Cho, H Maeda, T Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Shul, RJ Hobson, WS AF Hong, J Cho, H Maeda, T Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Shul, RJ Hobson, WS TI High selectivity dry etching of InGaP over AlInP in BI3 and BBr3 plasma chemistries SO ELECTROCHEMICAL AND SOLID STATE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LAYER; HETEROSTRUCTURES; TRANSISTORS; IN0.5GA0.5P; GROWTH; HEMTS; INP; WET AB High selectivities (>20) for dry etching of In0.49Ga0.51P over Al0.5In0.5P are found over a wide range of conditions in inductively coupled plasmas using BI3 and BBr3. The etch stop mechanism appears to be the formation of relatively involatile AlIx and AlBrx species. Selectivities of greater than or equal to 8 for InGaP over common mask materials SiO2 and SiNx are obtained with both chemistries. (C) 1998 The Electrochemical Society, Inc. S1099-0062(97)12-096. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lucent Technol, Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Fujitsu Labs Ltd, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Hong, J (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM spear@mse.ufl.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 1099-0062 J9 ELECTROCHEM SOLID ST JI Electrochem. Solid State Lett. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 1 IS 1 BP 56 EP 57 PG 2 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 182DZ UT WOS:000079484400020 ER PT J AU Zhou, Q Chen, D Pierstorff, E Luo, KX AF Zhou, Q Chen, D Pierstorff, E Luo, KX TI Transcription elongation factor P-TEFb mediates Tat activation of HIV-1 transcription at multiple stages SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HIV-1 Tat; P-TEFb; Tat-SF1; transcriptional activation; transcription elongation factor ID RNA-POLYMERASE-II; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CARBOXYL-TERMINAL DOMAIN; TRANSACTIVATING REGION RNA; CELLULAR PROTEIN-KINASE; BINDING; LOOP; PHOSPHORYLATION; COMPLEXES; REQUIRES AB Tat stimulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transcription elongation through recognition of the transactivation response (TAR) RNA stem-loop structure at the 5' end of nascent viral transcripts. Recently, a human transcription elongation factor P-TEFb, consisting of CDK9 kinase, cyclin T and other associated factors, has been shown to interact with Tat to restore Tat activation in HeLa nuclear extract depleted of P-TEFb, Here, we report the purification of a P-TEFb complex fraction containing epitope-tagged wild-type CDK9 or kinase-inactive CDK9 and five tightly associated polypeptides, Only wild-type P-TEFb complex with an active CDK9 kinase was able to hyperphosphorylate the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase LI and mediate Tat transactivation in P-TEFb-depleted HeLa nuclear extract. Tat also stimulated transcription elongation by recruitment of the P-TEFb complex to the HIV-1 promoter through a Tat-TAR interaction. A possible mechanism for P-TEFb to become associated with polymerase elongation complexes and function as a general elongation factor was demonstrated by an interaction of P-TEFb with double-stranded RNA molecules through an 87 kDa subunit. Finally, P-TEFb was found to interact with and phosphorylate Tat-SF1, a Tat cofactor required for Tat transactivation, Our data indicate that the various subunits of the human P-TEFb complex may play distinct roles at multiple stages to mediate Tat activation of HIV-1 transcription elongation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Zhou, Q (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-41757] NR 36 TC 153 Z9 158 U1 3 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 17 IS 13 BP 3681 EP 3691 DI 10.1093/emboj/17.13.3681 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 100AQ UT WOS:000074792100018 PM 9649438 ER PT J AU Montecucco, A Rossi, R Levin, DS Gary, R Park, MS Motycka, TA Ciarrocchi, G Villa, A Biamonti, G Tomkinson, AE AF Montecucco, A Rossi, R Levin, DS Gary, R Park, MS Motycka, TA Ciarrocchi, G Villa, A Biamonti, G Tomkinson, AE TI DNA ligase I is recruited to sites of DNA replication by an interaction with proliferating cell nuclear antigen: identification of a common targeting mechanism for the assembly of replication factories SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE DNA ligase I; PCNA; replication foci; RF-C ID FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION; CATALYTIC DOMAIN; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; PROTEINS; PCNA; RECONSTITUTION; LOCALIZATION; INHIBITOR; INVITRO; DIRECTS AB In mammalian cells, DNA replication occurs at discrete nuclear sites termed replication factories. Here me demonstrate that DNA ligase I and the large subunit of replication factor C (RF-C p140) have a homologous sequence of similar to 20 amino acids at their N-termini that functions as a replication factory targeting sequence (RFTS). This motif consists of two boxes: box 1 contains the sequence IxxFF whereas box 2 is rich in positively charged residues. N-terminal fragments of DNA ligase I and the RF-C large subunit that contain the RFTS both interact with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in vitro. Moreover, the RFTS of DNA ligase I and of the RF-C large subunit is necessary and sufficient for the interaction with PCNA. Both subnuclear targeting and PCNA binding by the DNA ligase I RFTS are abolished by replacement of the adjacent phenylalanine residues within box 1. Since sequences similar to the RFTS/PCNA-binding moth have been identified in other DNA replication enzymes and in p21(CIP1/WAF1), we propose that, in addition to functioning as a DNA polymerase processivity factor, PCNA plays a central role in the recruitment and stable association of DNA replication proteins at replication factories. C1 Univ Pavia, CNR, Ist Genet Biochim & Evoluzionist, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Pavia, Dipartimento Genet & Microbiol A Buzzati Traverso, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Univ Milan, Dipartimento Farmacol, Ctr CNR, I-20132 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, B Ceccarelli Ctr, I-20132 Milan, Italy. Univ Milan, DIBIT Sci Inst S Raffaele, I-20132 Milan, Italy. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Mol Med, Inst Biotechnol, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Biamonti, G (reprint author), Univ Pavia, CNR, Ist Genet Biochim & Evoluzionist, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. RI Gary, Ronald/A-8650-2008; Villa, Antonello/B-4781-2012; Montecucco, Alessandra/B-8041-2015; OI Gary, Ronald/0000-0001-5079-1953; Montecucco, Alessandra/0000-0002-9388-9149; BIAMONTI, GIUSEPPE/0000-0001-6804-4315 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA71630]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM47251] NR 39 TC 152 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 17 IS 13 BP 3786 EP 3795 DI 10.1093/emboj/17.13.3786 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 100AQ UT WOS:000074792100028 PM 9649448 ER PT J AU Kay, BA Timperi, RJ Morse, SS Forslund, D McGowan, JJ O'Brien, T AF Kay, BA Timperi, RJ Morse, SS Forslund, D McGowan, JJ O'Brien, T TI Innovative information-sharing strategies SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Massachusetts State Lab Inst, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Arlington, VA USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kay, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 4 IS 3 BP 465 EP 466 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 111JP UT WOS:000075433800034 PM 9716975 ER PT J AU Sanchez, MC Koomey, JG Moezzi, MM Meier, A Huber, W AF Sanchez, MC Koomey, JG Moezzi, MM Meier, A Huber, W TI Miscellaneous electricity in US homes: Historical decomposition and future trends SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE miscellaneous electricity; bottom-up model; standby consumption AB This article assesses the importance of the residential miscellaneous electricity end use. Miscellaneous electricity is one of the largest and fastest growing residential end uses. Consumer electronics and halogen torchiere lamps are primary catalysts of end use growth. Approximately half of all consumer electronics energy is consumed while in standby mode. Policy actions aimed at reducing miscellaneous electricity use include reducing standby losses, replacing halogen torchiere models with an efficient CFL model, and improving the efficiency of fans for fuel-fired furnaces. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Energy Anal Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sanchez, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Energy Anal Program, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Bldg 90-4000, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JUL PY 1998 VL 26 IS 8 BP 585 EP 593 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(98)00015-9 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 105UL UT WOS:000075091900001 ER PT J AU Greene, DL AF Greene, DL TI Why CAFE worked SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE CAFE; fuel economy; efficiency standards ID FUEL-ECONOMY; UNITED-STATES; ELASTICITIES; POLLUTION; BENEFITS; MODEL AB The 1975 Energy Policy and Conservation Act established mandatory fuel economy standards for passenger ears and light trucks sold in the US. Since that time the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards have often been criticized as costly, inefficient, and even unsafe, despite the general absence of direct empirical evidence to support such claims. This paper reviews empirical evidence on the impacts of the CAFE standards and explains why properly designed and executed fuel economy regulations may be preferable to other policies for reducing petroleum dependence and carbon emissions. It appears that the standards substantially achieved their objective of restraining US oil consumption without producing significant negative side-effects because they were set at levels that could be achieved by cost-effective or nearly cost-effective technological innovations. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Greene, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, POB 2008,Bldg 3156,MS-6073, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 82 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JUL PY 1998 VL 26 IS 8 BP 595 EP 613 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(98)00016-0 PG 19 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 105UL UT WOS:000075091900002 ER PT J AU Burger, J Sanchez, J Gibbons, JW Gochfeld, M AF Burger, J Sanchez, J Gibbons, JW Gochfeld, M TI Gender differences in recreational use, environmental attitudes, and perceptions of future land use at the Savannah River Site SO ENVIRONMENT AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID PERCEIVED RISK; NUCLEAR WASTE; SEX; ORIENTATIONS; CANADA; TRUST; WAR AB Perceptions are critical to making decisions about our environment, particularly contaminated sites. Gender differences in recreational use, attitudes toward environmental problems, and perceptions of land use for the Savannah River Site (Department of Energy) were examined in people living near the site. Bird-watching, photography, and fishing were the most common activities. Men engaged in more hunting, fishing, hiking, and camping, and women photographed more than men. There were significant gender differences in attitudes toward future land use, with women showing lower scores than men for hiking, camping, fishing, hunting, nuclear production, factories, building houses, and storage of nuclear waste. Maintaining the Savannah River Site as a National Environmental Research Park was the highest priority for both genders, whereas storing nuclear wastes and building homes ranked lowest for both. Planners should consider recreational use as an important future land use of this Department of Energy site, taking into account gender differences. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Burger, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Div Life Sci, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 9 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0013-9165 J9 ENVIRON BEHAV JI Environ. Behav. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 30 IS 4 BP 472 EP 486 DI 10.1177/001391659803000403 PG 15 WC Environmental Studies; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Psychology GA ZY897 UT WOS:000074673500003 ER PT J AU Breckenridge, RP Crockett, AB AF Breckenridge, RP Crockett, AB TI Determination of background concentrations of inorganics in soils and sediments at hazardous waste sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE background; metals; soils sediment; waste site ID ACID VOLATILE SULFIDE; TOXICITY; CADMIUM; METALS AB Hazardous waste sites may pose a threat to human health and the environment when toxic substances are released. However, the contaminants present at a waste site may have originated 'on-site' (i.e., resulting from releases attributable to site activities) or 'off-site' (i.e., resulting from sources not on-site). Off-site substances may result either from natural sources (e.g., erosion of naturally occurring mineral deposits) or anthropogenic sources (e.g., widespread contamination from automobile exhaust in urban areas). To determine the appropriate action to take at a hazardous waste site, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) must distinguish between substances directly attributable to the hazardous waste site (i.e., site contaminants) and those attributable to natural background concentrations. The most important factor to consider when determining background concentrations is to ensure that the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the media to be sampled at both the contaminated site and the background site are as similar as possible. Inorganics, in particular metals, are addressed. Radionuclides are not specifically addressed; however, metals with radioactive isotopes that may be encountered at hazardous waste sites are included. There are references and data included in this paper that provide average concentrations and reference values for selected soils and sediments in the United States. Suggested sampling and monitoring design approaches that could be used by scientists and engineers faced with how to determine background concentrations are identified. The issues discussed include the selection of background sampling locations, considerations in the selection of sampling procedures, and statistical analyses for determining whether contaminant levels are significantly different on a potential waste site compared with a background site. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Breckenridge, RP (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 58 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6369 J9 ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS JI Environ. Monit. Assess. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 51 IS 3 BP 621 EP 656 DI 10.1023/A:1005808031053 PG 36 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZL879 UT WOS:000073482700002 ER PT J AU Rose, A Stevens, B Edmonds, J Wise, M AF Rose, A Stevens, B Edmonds, J Wise, M TI International equity and differentiation in global warming policy - An application to tradeable emission permits SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE global warming; tradeable permits; equity; non-linear programming ID GREENHOUSE GASES; CO2 EMISSIONS; REDUCTIONS; EFFICIENCY; JUSTICE; COST AB One of the major obstacles to reaching a comprehensive agreement on global warming is the setting of greenhouse gas emission reduction targets for individual countries. Long-standing tensions between industrialized and developing countries have raised the issue of equity in burden-sharing. Moreover, individual industrialized nations have pleaded special circumstances and have sought differentiation in their obligations. This paper analyzes alternative rules for distributing tradable carbon dioxide emissions permits. A non-linear programming model, which distinguishes between allocation-based and outcome-based rules, is used to analyze the relative welfare outcomes. The model is applied to the world body of nations and yields several important policy implications. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Mineral Econ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Calif Energy Commiss, Demand Anal Off, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Rose, A (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Energy Environm & Mineral Econ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 47 TC 137 Z9 145 U1 2 U2 24 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 25 EP 51 DI 10.1023/A:1008262407777 PG 27 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117XY UT WOS:000075809000002 ER PT J AU Sullivan, EJ Hunter, DB Bowman, RS AF Sullivan, EJ Hunter, DB Bowman, RS TI Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of sorbed HDTMA and the mechanism of chromate sorption to surfactant-modified clinoptilolite SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLLOIDAL SILVER; ADSORPTION; SPECTRA; SCATTERING; MOLYBDATE; TUNGSTATE; KINETICS; ZEOLITE; SILICA; IONS AB We examined sorption of the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA) to clinoptilolite zeolite and the subsequent sorption of the chromate anion to surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ). We used Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy and batch sorption methods to elucidate the structure of sorbed HDTMA and to determine the mechanisms of chromate sorption. At high HDTMA loading levels (above the zeolite's external cation exchange capacity, ECEC), the Raman spectra indicated th at sorbed HDTMA was similar in conformation to solution micelles and, thus, may contain anion exchange sites. Sorbed HDTMA showed less structuring of tail groups and a decrease in head group hydration. At lower loadings, the sorbed HDTMA tail groups tended to have more disorder, similar to solution monomers. When HDTMA loading rates were greater than 100% of the ECEC, chromate sorbed onto SMZ with near-equivalent Br- counterion exchange. A peak in the Raman spectrum at 902 cm(-1) indicated the presence of sorbed Cr2O72-, although no bulk solution oligomerized chromate species should have been present at a solution pH of 7. A 30 cm(-1) shift in the nu(1) peak for sorbed versus solution chromate may indicate that surface-enhanced Lewis acid-base interactions were responsible for some chromate sorption in addition to the predominant anion-exchange mechanism. C1 New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Geophys Res Ctr, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Div Biogeochem, Aiken, SC 29801 USA. RP Univ Texas, Bur Econ Geol, Univ Stn Box X, Austin, TX 78713 USA. EM sullivanj@begv.beg.utexas.edu NR 33 TC 70 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 13 BP 1948 EP 1955 DI 10.1021/es9708981 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZX039 UT WOS:000074474100035 ER PT J AU Campbell, KR Ford, CJ Levine, DA AF Campbell, KR Ford, CJ Levine, DA TI Mercury distribution in Poplar Creek, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE mercury; methylmercury; Poplar Creek; Oak Ridge ID ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; RIVER; METHYLATION; WATERS; LEVEL; LAKES; SITE AB As a result of the lithium-isotope separation process used in the production of thermonuclear fusion weapons during the mid-1950s and early 1960s, 150 t of mercury were released into Poplar Creek (via East Fork Poplar Creek) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. This project was performed as part of a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) remedial investigation to define the nature and extent of mercury contamination in Poplar Creek. Ultraclean sampling techniques and ultrasensitive analytical methods were used to determine methylmercury and inorganic mercury concentrations in surface water, sediment, and pore water from Poplar Creek. Total methylmercury and inorganic mercury concentrations (0.08-0.7 ng/L and 0.4-560 ng/L, respectively) in surface water from reaches downstream from the East Fork Poplar Creek confluence were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the upstream reference reach (0.05-0.3 ng/L and 0.1-27 ng/L, respectively). Concentrations in surface water increased with distance downstream from the source (East Fork Poplar Creek), which was opposite of expected results. Sediment methylmercury and inorganic mercury concentrations also increased with the distance downstream from the source and were highest near the mouth of Poplar Creek (1.0-12 ng/g and 630-140,000 ng/g, respectively). High concentrations in surface water and sediment near the mouth of Poplar Creek appear to be a result of sediment deposition and resuspension, apparently caused by the stronger Clinch River current acting as a barrier and its backflow into Poplar Creek as a result of hydropower operations. C1 SENES Oak Ridge Inc, Ctr Risk Anal, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. Highlands Soil & Water Conservat Dist, Sebring, FL 33782 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Campbell, KR (reprint author), SENES Oak Ridge Inc, Ctr Risk Anal, 102 Donner Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 17 IS 7 BP 1191 EP 1198 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA ZU363 UT WOS:000074189600001 ER PT J AU Bisoffi, M Chakerian, AE Fore, ML Bryant, JE Hernandez, JP Moyzis, RK Griffith, JK AF Bisoffi, M Chakerian, AE Fore, ML Bryant, JE Hernandez, JP Moyzis, RK Griffith, JK TI Inhibition of human telomerase by a retrovirus expressing telomeric antisense RNA SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE telomerase activity; telomerase RNA; retrovirus; antisense RNA; telomerase inhibition; telomere content; cancer ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS; IMMORTAL CELLS; DNA; FIBROBLASTS; HYPOTHESIS; EXTRACTS; SEQUENCE; LENGTH; CANCER; LINES AB Human telomerase, the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that adds TTAGGG repeats to chromosome ends, is selectively expressed in immortalised cells and most tumours, suggesting a potential role for telomerase inhibitors in cancer therapy. Replication-deficient retroviruses were used to determine whether mRNA containing UUAGGG, the complementary sequence to the template region of the hTR telomerase RNA, is sufficient to inhibit telomerase activity. Telomerase activities measured by the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay in extracts prepared from immortalised mouse fibroblasts, human HeLa cells and human kidney carcinoma cells were inhibited by 75% or greater in 26 of 56 cell clones expressing UUAGGG. Telomerase activity was not inhibited by expression of mRNA containing a transposed sequence, GGGAUU. Telomerase activities in vivo were inferred from changes in cellular morphology, proliferation capacity, growth rate and measurement of the content of telomere DNA. Giant senescent-like cells emerged shortly after cloning mouse PA317 and human HeLa cells expressing UUAGGG. The fraction of giant cells varied from 100% at the fifth population doubling (PD) in one culture to 2-6% at 50 PD in several other cultures. Giant cells were absent in all parental cells and clones expressing GGGAUU. The average cellular content of telomere DNA was independent of telomerase activity over 50 PD. The results indicate that expression of RNA complementary to the template region of hTR is sufficient to inhibit telomerase in vitro and in vivo, but that the effect of inhibition on individual cells is highly variable. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Canc Res & Treatment Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Biol Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Griffith, JK (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, 915 Carnino Salud, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM52576] NR 30 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0959-8049 J9 EUR J CANCER JI Eur. J. Cancer PD JUL PY 1998 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1242 EP 1249 DI 10.1016/S0959-8049(98)00049-5 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 104VP UT WOS:000075037000027 PM 9849487 ER PT J AU Chen, WYC AF Chen, WYC TI The pessimistic search and the straightening involution for trees SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF COMBINATORICS LA English DT Article ID ENUMERATION AB We introduce the idea of pessimistic search on a rooted tree, and develop the straightening involution to relate the inversion polynomial evaluated at q = -1 to the number of even rooted trees. We obtain a differential equation for the inversion polynomial of cyclic trees evaluated at q = -1, a problem proposed by Gessel, Sagan and Yeh. Some brief discussions about relevant topics are also presented. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0195-6698 J9 EUR J COMBIN JI Eur. J. Comb. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 19 IS 5 BP 553 EP 558 DI 10.1006/eujc.1998.0219 PG 6 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 108XA UT WOS:000075290000003 ER PT J AU Kondev, FG Riley, MA Brown, TB Clark, RM Devlin, M Fallon, P Hartley, DJ Hibbert, IM Joss, DT LaFosse, DR Laird, RW Lerma, F Lively, M Nolan, PJ O'Brien, NJ Paul, ES Pfohl, J Sarantites, DG Sheline, RK Shepherd, SL Simpson, J Wadsworth, R AF Kondev, FG Riley, MA Brown, TB Clark, RM Devlin, M Fallon, P Hartley, DJ Hibbert, IM Joss, DT LaFosse, DR Laird, RW Lerma, F Lively, M Nolan, PJ O'Brien, NJ Paul, ES Pfohl, J Sarantites, DG Sheline, RK Shepherd, SL Simpson, J Wadsworth, R TI Quadrupole moment measurement of the highly deformed pi g(9/2)circle times nu h(11/2) band in Pr-130 SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A LA English DT Article ID MASS REGION; INTRUDER AB The quadrupole moment for the pi g(9/2)xvh(11/2) band in the Pr-130 nucleus has been measured using the Doppler-shift attenuation method. A centroid shift analysis was carried out and a value of Q(o)=6.1+/-0.4 eb, corresponding to an axial prolate deformation of beta(2)=0.35(3), has been determined. This is the first direct experimental confirmation of the deformation-driving character of the pi g(9/2) orbital in an odd-odd nucleus in the A similar to 135 superdeformed region. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO1 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Univ Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. SERC, Daresbury Lab, CCLRC, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. RP Kondev, FG (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RI Devlin, Matthew/B-5089-2013 OI Devlin, Matthew/0000-0002-6948-2154 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6001 J9 EUR PHYS J A JI Eur. Phys. J. A PD JUL PY 1998 VL 2 IS 3 BP 249 EP 251 DI 10.1007/s100500050116 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 106KZ UT WOS:000075129600007 ER PT J AU Breitweg, J Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Talaga, RL Yoshida, R Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Stamm, J Wedemeyer, R Wieber, H Bailey, DS Campbell-Robson, S Cottingham, WN Foster, B Hall-Wilton, R Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Roff, DG Tapper, RJ Ayad, R Capua, M Garfagnini, A Iannotti, L Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Czermak, A Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, T Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Abbiendi, G Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Cases, G Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Gialas, I Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Milewski, J Monteiro, T Ng, JST Notz, D Park, IH Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Surrow, B Tassi, E Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Macdonald, N Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Gladilin, LK Horstmann, D Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Schott, W Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Fleck, JI Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, I Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L Martinez, M del Peso, J Puga, J Terron, J de Troconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Hung, LW Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG St Laurent, M Ullmann, R Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, JJ Harnew, N Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Uijterwaal, H Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, P Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Bulmahn, J Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Hartner, GF Joo, KK Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Teuscher, RJ Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Jones, TW Lane, JB Saunders, ML Sutton, LR Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kasprzak, M Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Dasu, S Foudas, C Loveless, RJ Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB AF Breitweg, J Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Talaga, RL Yoshida, R Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Coppola, N Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Kappes, A Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Stamm, J Wedemeyer, R Wieber, H Bailey, DS Campbell-Robson, S Cottingham, WN Foster, B Hall-Wilton, R Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Roff, DG Tapper, RJ Ayad, R Capua, M Garfagnini, A Iannotti, L Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Czermak, A Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, T Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Abbiendi, G Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Cases, G Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Gialas, I Goebel, F Gottlicher, P Graciani, R Haas, T Hain, W Hasell, D Hebbel, K Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Lindemann, L Lohr, B Milewski, J Monteiro, T Ng, JST Notz, D Park, IH Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Schwarzer, O Selonke, F Surrow, B Tassi, E Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zeuner, W Burow, BD Coldewey, C Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Macdonald, N Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Gladilin, LK Horstmann, D Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Schott, W Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Howell, G Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Fleck, JI Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, I Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Glasman, C Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L Martinez, M del Peso, J Puga, J Terron, J de Troconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Hung, LW Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG St Laurent, M Ullmann, R Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, JJ Harnew, N Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Uijterwaal, H Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, P Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Bulmahn, J Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Arneodo, M Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Hartner, GF Joo, KK Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Teuscher, RJ Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Hayes, ME Jones, TW Lane, JB Saunders, ML Sutton, LR Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kasprzak, M Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Zarnecki, AF Adamus, M Deppe, O Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Dasu, S Foudas, C Loveless, RJ Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB CA ZEUS Collaboration TI High-E-T inclusive jet cross sections in photoproduction at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID PHOTON STRUCTURE-FUNCTION; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION F-2(GAMMA); LEADING-ORDER QCD; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION F2; LUND MONTE-CARLO; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; HADRON COLLIDERS; 2-JET PRODUCTION; 3-JET EVENTS; E+E-PHYSICS C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. INFN, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Kwangju, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Lab, Irvington, NY USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Acad Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Techn, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, IfH Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 1, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, D-5170 Julich, Germany. Natl Lab High Energy Phys, KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Torino, Fac Sci 2, Alessandria, Italy. INFN, Alessandria, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. CNR, IROE, I-50127 Florence, Italy. RP Breitweg, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015 OI Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Abbiendi, Giovanni/0000-0003-4499-7562; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547 NR 74 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 1998 VL 4 IS 4 BP 591 EP 606 DI 10.1007/s100520050230 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 110UP UT WOS:000075399400003 ER PT J AU Caso, C Conforto, G Gurtu, A Aguilar-Benitez, M Amsler, C Barnett, RM Burchat, PR Carone, CD Dahl, O Doser, M Eidelman, S Feng, JL Goodman, M Grab, C Groom, DE Hagiwara, K Hayes, KG Hernandez, JJ Hikasa, K Honscheid, K James, F Mangano, ML Manohar, AV Monig, K Murayama, H Nakamura, K Olive, KA Piepke, A Roos, M Schindler, RH Shrock, RE Tanabashi, M Tornqvist, NA Trippe, TG Vogel, P Wohl, CG Workman, RL Yao, WM Armstrong, B Casas Serradilla, JL Filimonov, BB Gee, PS Lugovsky, SB Mankov, S Nicholson, F Babu, KS Besson, D Biebel, O Cahn, RN Crawford, RL Dalitz, RH Damour, T Desler, K Donahue, RJ Edwards, DA Erler, J Ezhela, VV Fasso, A Fetscher, W Froidevaux, D Gaisser, TK Garren, L Geer, S Gerber, HJ Gilman, FJ Haber, HE Hagmann, C Hinchliffe, I Hogan, CJ Hohler, G Jackson, JD Johnson, KF Karlen, D Kayser, B Kleinknecht, K Knowles, IG Kolda, C Kreitz, P Langacker, P Landua, R Littenberg, L Manley, DM March-Russell, J Nakada, T Quinn, H Raffelt, G Renk, B Ronan, MT Rosenberg, LJ Schmitt, M Schramm, DN Scott, D Sjostrand, T Smoot, GF Spanier, S Srednicki, M Stanev, T Suzuki, T Tkachenko, NP Valencia, G VanBibber, K Voss, R Wolfenstein, L Youssef, S AF Caso, C Conforto, G Gurtu, A Aguilar-Benitez, M Amsler, C Barnett, RM Burchat, PR Carone, CD Dahl, O Doser, M Eidelman, S Feng, JL Goodman, M Grab, C Groom, DE Hagiwara, K Hayes, KG Hernandez, JJ Hikasa, K Honscheid, K James, F Mangano, ML Manohar, AV Monig, K Murayama, H Nakamura, K Olive, KA Piepke, A Roos, M Schindler, RH Shrock, RE Tanabashi, M Tornqvist, NA Trippe, TG Vogel, P Wohl, CG Workman, RL Yao, WM Armstrong, B Casas Serradilla, JL Filimonov, BB Gee, PS Lugovsky, SB Mankov, S Nicholson, F Babu, KS Besson, D Biebel, O Cahn, RN Crawford, RL Dalitz, RH Damour, T Desler, K Donahue, RJ Edwards, DA Erler, J Ezhela, VV Fasso, A Fetscher, W Froidevaux, D Gaisser, TK Garren, L Geer, S Gerber, HJ Gilman, FJ Haber, HE Hagmann, C Hinchliffe, I Hogan, CJ Hohler, G Jackson, JD Johnson, KF Karlen, D Kayser, B Kleinknecht, K Knowles, IG Kolda, C Kreitz, P Langacker, P Landua, R Littenberg, L Manley, DM March-Russell, J Nakada, T Quinn, H Raffelt, G Renk, B Ronan, MT Rosenberg, LJ Schmitt, M Schramm, DN Scott, D Sjostrand, T Smoot, GF Spanier, S Srednicki, M Stanev, T Suzuki, T Tkachenko, NP Valencia, G VanBibber, K Voss, R Wolfenstein, L Youssef, S CA Particle Data Grp TI Review of Particle Physics SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article AB This biennial Review summarizes much of Particle Physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 1600 new measurements from. 550 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons, leptons quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. ii booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http://pdg.lbl.gov. C1 CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Genoa, Dipartimento Fis, I-16146 Genoa, Italy. Univ Urbino, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Tata Inst Fundamental Res, Bombay 400005, Maharashtra, India. CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Univ Zurich, Inst Phys, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Nucl & Particle Theory Grp, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. Budker Inst Nucl Phys, SU-630090 Novosibirsk, Russia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Particle Phys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. KEK, High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hillsdale Coll, Dept Phys, Hillsdale, MI 49242 USA. Univ Valencia, IFIC, Inst Fis Corpuscular, CSIC, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. Tohoku Univ, Dept Phys, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Theoret Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Phys, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Inst High Energy Phys, COMPAS Grp, RU-142284 Protvino, Russia. Inst Adv Study, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Phys, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Rhein Westfal TH Aachen Klinikum, Inst Phys, Phys Zentrum, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys & Astron, Oxford OX1 3NP, England. Inst Hautes Etud Sci, F-91440 Bures Sur Yvette, France. Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Dept Radiat Phys, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Theoret Teilchenphys, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Carleton Univ, Dept Phys, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. Natl Sci Fdn, Div Phys, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. Univ Edinburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Kent State Univ, Dept Phys, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Max Planck Inst Phys & Astrophys, Werner Heisenberg Inst, D-80805 Munich, Germany. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Nucl Sci Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Lund Univ, Dept Theoret Phys, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Florida State Univ, Supercomp Computat Res Inst, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Caso, C (reprint author), CERN, European Lab Particle Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. RI Murayama, Hitoshi/A-4286-2011; OI Olive, Keith/0000-0001-7201-5998; Sjostrand, Torbjorn/0000-0002-7630-8605 NR 4 TC 2432 Z9 2438 U1 5 U2 40 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JUL PY 1998 VL 3 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP + PG 788 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 101FQ UT WOS:000074859300001 ER PT J AU Boehm, M Coad, S Roessli, B Zheludev, A Zolliker, M Boni, P Paul, DM Eisaki, H Motoyama, N Uchida, S AF Boehm, M Coad, S Roessli, B Zheludev, A Zolliker, M Boni, P Paul, DM Eisaki, H Motoyama, N Uchida, S TI Competing exchange interactions in Li2CuO2 SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL; OXIDES AB The dispersion of the spin-waves in single crystals of Li2CuO2 has been investigated by means of inelastic neutron scattering. The results yield a single spin-wave branch characterized by a large gap Delta = 1.4 meV at the zone centre due to easy,axis uniaxial anisotropy. Linear spin-wave theory is used to obtain the exchange integrals in this material. It turns out that the nearest-neighbor exchange interactions in the basal plane are antiferromagnetic leading to frustration between the magnetic moments. Our results show that Li2CuO2 is an S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic insulator with competing interactions. C1 Paul Scherrer Inst, ETH Zurich, Lab Neutronenstreuung, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-36000 Grenoble, France. Univ Tokyo, Dept Superconductiv, Tokyo 113, Japan. RP Boehm, M (reprint author), Paul Scherrer Inst, ETH Zurich, Lab Neutronenstreuung, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland. NR 9 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEXA PA 7, AVE DU HOGGAR, PARC D ACTIVITES COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEXA, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 43 IS 1 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.1209/epl/i1998-00322-3 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 100MD UT WOS:000074819100014 ER PT J AU Hunter, NF Paez, TL AF Hunter, NF Paez, TL TI Applications of the bootstrap to mechanical system analysis SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Anal Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Expt Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hunter, NF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Sci & Anal Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL STREET, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 22 IS 4 BP 34 EP 37 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.1998.tb02337.x PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 106LF UT WOS:000075130200010 ER PT J AU Baxter, LL AF Baxter, LL TI Influence of ash deposit chemistry and structure on physical and transport properties SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE combustion; ash; heat transfer in porous media AB Boiler ash deposits generated during combustion of coal, biomass, black liquor, and energetic materials affect both the net plant efficiency and operating strategy of essentially all boilers. Such deposits decrease convective and radiative heat exchange with boiler heat transfer surfaces. In many cases, even a small amount of ash on a surface decreases local heat transfer rates by factors of three or more. Apart from their impact on heat transfer, ash deposits in boilers represent potential operational problems and boiler maintenance issues, including plugging, tube wastage (erosion and corrosion), and structural damage. This report relates the chemistry and microstructural properties of ash deposits to their physical and transport properties. Deposit emissivity, thermal conductivity, tenacity, and strength relate quantitatively to deposit microstructure and chemistry. This paper presents data and algorithms illustrating the accuracy and limitations of such relationships. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Baxter, LL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Baxter, Larry/C-8567-2009 OI Baxter, Larry/0000-0002-0453-2659 NR 4 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 56 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S0378-3820(97)00086-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 104YN UT WOS:000075044700008 ER PT J AU Kazianis, S Gutbrod, H Nairn, RS McEntire, BB Della Coletta, L Walter, RB Borowsky, RL Woodhead, AD Setlow, RB Schartl, M Morizot, DC AF Kazianis, S Gutbrod, H Nairn, RS McEntire, BB Della Coletta, L Walter, RB Borowsky, RL Woodhead, AD Setlow, RB Schartl, M Morizot, DC TI Localization of a CDKN2 gene in Linkage Group V of Xiphophorus fishes defines it as a candidate for the DIFF tumor suppressor SO GENES CHROMOSOMES & CANCER LA English DT Article ID HYBRID FISH; CELL-DIFFERENTIATION; MALIGNANT-MELANOMA; FAMILIAL MELANOMA; HUMAN CANCERS; PLATYFISH; MARKER; LOCUS; P16; MAP AB The Xiphophorus hybrid melanoma model represents one of the earliest reported cases of generically regulated tumor susceptibility. Melanoma formation in Xiphophorus hybrids may be explained by the inheritance of two genes: a sex-linked oncogene, Xmrk, and a putative tumor suppressor locus, termed DIFF, located in Linkage Group V (LG V). Several genetic mapping procedures were used to produce a new Xiphophorus LGV map with 20 loci. All markers, particularly a recently cloned Xiphophorus CDKN2 gene family member, called CDKN2X, were tested for associations of genotype with degree of macromelanophore pigment pattern modification and susceptibility to melanoma formation in backcross hybrids of seven genetic types, involving 1,110 fish and three pigment patterns. Highly significant associations of CDKN2X genotypes with such phenotypic effects suggests that this gene is a strong candidate for the classically defined DIFF tumor suppressor gene. Because published results have documented the involvement of the CDKN2A (P16, MTS1, and INK4A) tumor suppressor gene in human melanoma formation, the possibility of CDKN2 genes acting as tumor suppressors in both man and Xiphophorus is likely. (C) 1998 Wiiey-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Texas, Md Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Carcinogenesis, Sci Pk Res Div, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. Univ Wurzburg, Bioctr, Dept Physiol Chem 1, D-97070 Wurzburg, Germany. SW Texas State Univ, Dept Biol, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. NYU, Dept Biol, New York, NY 10003 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kazianis, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, Md Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Carcinogenesis, Sci Pk Res Div, POB 389, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. OI Schartl, Manfred/0000-0001-9882-5948 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55245, CA09480]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07784] NR 46 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1045-2257 J9 GENE CHROMOSOME CANC JI Gene Chromosomes Cancer PD JUL PY 1998 VL 22 IS 3 BP 210 EP 220 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2264(199807)22:3<210::AID-GCC6>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 11 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity GA ZT259 UT WOS:000074066700006 PM 9624532 ER PT J AU Ghanshani, S Coleman, M Gustavsson, P Wu, ACL Gargus, JJ Gutman, GA Dahl, N Mohrenweiser, H Chandy, KG AF Ghanshani, S Coleman, M Gustavsson, P Wu, ACL Gargus, JJ Gutman, GA Dahl, N Mohrenweiser, H Chandy, KG TI Human calcium-activated potassium channel gene KCNN4 maps to chromosome 19q13.2 in the region deleted in diamond-blackfan anemia SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Pediat, Div Human Genet, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Uppsala, Childrens Hosp, Dept Clin Genet, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. RP Ghanshani, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. OI Coleman, Matthew/0000-0003-1389-4018 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GMOD54872, GM54221] NR 5 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JUL 1 PY 1998 VL 51 IS 1 BP 160 EP 161 DI 10.1006/geno.1998.5333 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 106ZU UT WOS:000075182000024 PM 9693050 ER PT J AU Scheidegger, AM Strawn, DG Lamble, GM Sparks, DL AF Scheidegger, AM Strawn, DG Lamble, GM Sparks, DL TI The kinetics of mixed Ni-Al hydroxide formation on clay and aluminum oxide minerals: A time-resolved XAFS study SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; SURFACE-CONTROLLED DISSOLUTION; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; SOLUTION INTERFACE; METAL SORPTION; ADSORPTION; SPECTROSCOPY; DESORPTION; NICKEL AB In this study kinetic investigations were combined with X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) measurements to determine Ni sorption processes on pyrophyllite, gibbsite, and montmorillonite over extended time periods (min-months). The kinetic investigations revealed that Ni sorption reactions (pH = 7.5, [Ni](initial) = 3 mM, I = 0.1 M (NaNO3)) were initially fast (8-35% of the initial Ni was removed within the first 40 min). Thereafter, the rate of sorption decreased significantly and depended on the type of mineral surface. For the Ni/pyrophyllite system Ni removal was almost complete after a reaction time of 24h while for the Ni/gibbsite and Ni/montmorillonite systems metal sorption continued up to approximate to 2 months. XAFS data revealed the presence of a mixed Ni/Al phase in the Ni/pyrophyllite and Ni/gibbsite systems after a reaction time of minutes. These results suggest that adsorption and nucleation processes (mixed Ni/Al phase formation) can occur simultaneously over time scales of only minutes. However, our finding of a fast growing mixed Ni/Al phase cannot be extrapolated to other sorption systems. A reaction time of 48 h was required for the presence of a mixed Ni/Al phase in the Ni/mormorillonite system. As reaction time progressed, the number of second neighbor Ni atoms (NNi-Ni) at a distance of approximate to 3.05 Angstrom increased in all sorption systems, suggesting further growth of a mixed Ni/Al phase with increasing reaction time. Our study suggests that three phenomena occur at the mineral/liquid interface: (1) nonspecific (i.e, outer-sphere complexation) and/or specific adsorption (i.e., inner-sphere complexation), (2) dissolution of Al, and (3) nucleation of a mixed Ni/Al phase. The rate-limiting step is the dissolution of Al from the surface, which depends on the mineral substrate. Using the Ni linear sorption rates observed in the Ni/gibbsite and Ni/montmorillonite systems and assuming the Ni/Al ratios in our sorption samples are within the range of Ni/Al ratios provided in the literature (1.3-5.6), one can estimate an average Al dissolution rate which seems to be enhanced compared to the Al dissolution rates of the minerals alone. This finding indicates that the dissolution of clay and aluminum oxide minerals can be promoted by metal ions such as Ni(II) through the formation of a mixed Ni/Al phase. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. Paul Scherrer Inst, Waste Management Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 95617 USA. RP Scheidegger, AM (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Newark, DE 19717 USA. EM andre.scheidegger@psi.ch RI Strawn, Daniel/B-6936-2012 NR 75 TC 149 Z9 153 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 1998 VL 62 IS 13 BP 2233 EP 2245 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00136-7 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 115EA UT WOS:000075649500002 ER PT J AU Ridley, MK Palmer, DA Wesolowski, DJ Kettler, RM AF Ridley, MK Palmer, DA Wesolowski, DJ Kettler, RM TI Potentiometric and solubility studies of association quotients of aluminum malonate complexation in NaCl media to 75 degrees C SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID MOLAL THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; SODIUM-CHLORIDE MEDIA; METAL-ORGANIC COMPLEXES; OIL-FIELD WATERS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; ACETATE COMPLEXES; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; ACID ANIONS; DISSOCIATION QUOTIENTS; GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AB A potentiometric method was used to determine the formation quotients for aluminum-malonate (Al(Ma)(y)(3-2y), Ma = CH2(CO2)(2)(2-)) complexes from 5 to 75 degrees C at four ionic strengths from 0.1 to 1.0 molal in aqueous NaCl media. Two mononuclear aluminum-malonate species, Al(Ma)(+) and Al(Ma)(2)(-), were identified, and the formation quotients for these species were modeled by empirical equations to describe their temperature and ionic strength dependencies. Differentiation of the two empirical equations with respect to temperature provided thermodynamic quantities for the Al-malonate complexes. The thermodynamic quantities obtained for Al(Ma)(+) at 25 degrees C and infinite dilution are: log K-1 = 7.49 +/- 0.18, Delta H(1)degrees = 19 +/- 5 kJ . mol(-1) Delta S(1)degrees = 208 +/- 18 J . K-1 . mol(-1) and Delta C(p1)degrees = 331 +/- 120 J . K-1 . mol(-1): whereas the values for Al(Ma)(2)(-) are: log K-2 = 12.62 +/- 0.40, Delta H(2)degrees = 29 +/- 10 kJ . mol(-1), Delta S(2)degrees = 340 +/- 36 J . K-1 . mol(-1) and Delta C(p2)degrees = 575 +/- 230 J . K-1 . mol(-1). These thermodynamic values indicate that Al(Ma)(+), a chelate complex, is much more stable than the equivalent monodentate Al-diacetate complex (Al(Ac)(2)(+)) (Palmer and Bell, 1994). A solubility study, which was undertaken to verify the 50 degrees C potentiometric data, was performed by reacting powdered gibbsite (Al(OH)(3)) with malonic acid solutions at 0.1 molal ionic strength in aqueous NaCl media. The results of the solubility study are in excellent agreement with the potentiometric data. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Nebraska, Dept Geol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ridley, MK (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 63 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 1998 VL 62 IS 13 BP 2279 EP 2291 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00143-4 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 115EA UT WOS:000075649500006 ER PT J AU Fink, D Klein, J Middleton, R Vogt, S Herzog, GF Reedy, RC AF Fink, D Klein, J Middleton, R Vogt, S Herzog, GF Reedy, RC TI Ca-41, Al-26 and Be-10 in lunar basalt 74275 and Be-10 in the double drive tube 74002/74001 SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ACCELERATOR MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTON-INDUCED REACTIONS; APOLLO-15 DRILL CORE; CL-36 DEPTH PROFILES; PRODUCTION-RATES; COSMIC-RAY; COSMOGENIC NUCLIDES; CROSS-SECTIONS; LOW-ENERGY; EXTRATERRESTRIAL MATTER AB We report depth profiles of the cosmogenic radionuclides Be-10, Al-26, and Ca-41 in the titanium-rich lunar basalt 74275. The Be-10 profile is flat: Be-10 activities are confined to a narrow range between 9.6 and 11.2 dpm/kg but are nonetheless consistent with a small contribution of about 1-2 dpm/kg from solar cosmic rays. The Al-26 profile shows the steep decrease with increasing depth that is characteristic of nuclides whose production is dominated by solar cosmic rays. Ca-41 activities decrease from about 22 dpm/kg at the surface to a minimum of similar to 9 dpm/kg at a depth of 4.7 g/cm(2) and then increase to similar to 11 dpm/kg at a depth of 15.8 g/cm(2). The sharp decrease near the surface identifies for the first time production of Ca-41 by solar cosmic rays. We also report Be-10 measurements for six samples from lunar core 74002/1. The Be-10 activities range from approximately 8 to 14 dpm/kg. We model the production of Be-10, Al-26, and Ca-41 in lunar rock 74275 by including published data that indicate a long exposure to galactic cosmic rays at a depth of 140 g/cm(2) followed by one at the surface lasting 2.8 Ma. Cosmogenic radionuclide production by galactic cosmic rays, and, in the case of Ca-41, by thermal neutrons is estimated from published measurements and semi-empirical calculations. Our model includes a new calculation of production rates due to solar cosmic rays and incorporates recently published cross section measurements. Although many parameterizations of the flux of solar energetic particles give acceptable fits to the experimental data for 74275, we prefer a best fit obtained for Be-10 and Al-26 alone, which incorporates an erosion rate of similar to 2 mm/Ma, a rigidity of 100 MV, and a 4 pi flux of protons with energies greater than 10 MeV of 89 cm(-2) s(-1). For Ca-41 alone, the corresponding values are 2 mm/Ma, 80 MV, and 198 cm(-2) s(-1). The differences between the two sets of parameters may reflect uncertainties in the calculations of Ca-41 production or a secular change in the solar cosmic ray flux. Calculations for a slab and for a hemispherical knob with a radius of 23 cm yield similar results. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Lucas Hts Res Lab, Div Phys, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp NIS 2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fink, D (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Lucas Hts Res Lab, Div Phys, PMB 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. RI fink, David/A-9518-2012; Klein, Jeffrey/E-3295-2013; OI Reedy, Robert/0000-0002-2189-1303 NR 76 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 1998 VL 62 IS 13 BP 2389 EP 2402 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00134-3 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 115EA UT WOS:000075649500013 ER PT J AU Meldrum, A Boatner, LA Weber, WJ Ewing, RC AF Meldrum, A Boatner, LA Weber, WJ Ewing, RC TI Radiation damage in zircon and monazite SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID BEAM-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; WEAPONS PLUTONIUM; LEAD DIFFUSION; NATURAL ZIRCON; URANIUM; THORIUM; PB; IRRADIATION; TEMPERATURE; METAMICTIZATION AB Monazite and zircon respond differently to ion irradiation and to thermal and irradiation-enhanced annealing. Monazite cannot be amorphized by 800 keV Kr+ ions at temperatures greater than 175 degrees C; whereas, zircon can be amorphized at temperatures up to 740 degrees C. The damage process (i.e., elastic interactions leading to amorphization) in radioactive minerals (metamictization) is basically the same as for the ion-beam-irradiated samples with the exception of the dose rate which is much lower in the case of natural samples. The crystalline-to-metamict transition in natural samples with different degrees of damage, from almost fully crystalline to completely metamict, is compared to the sequence of microstructures observed for ion-beam-irradiated monazite and zircon. The damage accumulation process, representing the competing effects of radiation-induced structural disorder and subsequent annealing mechanisms (irradiation-enhanced and thermal) occurs at much higher temperatures for zircon than for monazite. The amorphization dose, expressed as displacements per atom, is considerably higher in the natural samples, and the atomic-scale process leading to metamictization appears to develop differently. Ion-beam-induced amorphization data were used to calculate the alpha-decay-event dose required for amorphization in terms of a critical radionuclide concentration, i.e., the concentration above which a sample of a given age will become metamict at a specific temperature. This equation was applied to estimate the reliability of U-Pb ages, to provide a qualitative estimate of the thermal history of high-U natural zircons, and to predict whether actinide-bearing zircon or monazite nuclear waste forms will become amorphous (metamict) over long timescales. Copyright (C) 0 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Pacific NW Nalt Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Meldrum, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM alm@worldnet.att.net RI Weber, William/A-4177-2008; Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Weber, William/0000-0002-9017-7365; Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 73 TC 210 Z9 216 U1 3 U2 55 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JUL PY 1998 VL 62 IS 14 BP 2509 EP 2520 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00174-4 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 121TY UT WOS:000076031100009 ER PT J AU Harvey, RP Dunbar, NW McIntosh, WC Esser, RP Nishiizumi, K Taylor, S Caffee, MW AF Harvey, RP Dunbar, NW McIntosh, WC Esser, RP Nishiizumi, K Taylor, S Caffee, MW TI Meteoritic event recorded in Antarctic ice SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TERRESTRIAL AB During systematic sampling of volcanic ash (tephra) layers at a well-known Antarctic meteorite collection site (the Allan Hills main ice field), a band of unusually dark and rounded (many spheroidal) particles was discovered. This debris layer (BIT-58) extends parallel to the stratigraphy of the ice established from the tephra bands, apparently marking a single depositional event. The shapes, internal texture, major element composition, and levels of cosmogenic nuclides of particles from within BIT-58 all strongly suggest that this material represents ablation debris from the passage of a large H-group ordinary chondrite, Preliminary cosmogenic isotope dating suggests an age of 2.8 Ma, implying that the East Antarctic ice sheet has been stable since that time. The relationship of the Bit-58 layer to known impact events is not clear. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Harvey, RP (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 24 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI COLLEGE STN PA TEXAS A & M UNIV, DEPT GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS, COLLEGE STN, TX 77843-3115 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD JUL PY 1998 VL 26 IS 7 BP 607 EP 610 DI 10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0607:MERIAI>2.3.CO;2 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 100BX UT WOS:000074795000008 ER PT J AU Zhang, CL Palumbo, AV Phelps, TJ Beauchamp, JJ Brockman, FJ Murray, CJ Parsons, BS Swift, DJP AF Zhang, CL Palumbo, AV Phelps, TJ Beauchamp, JJ Brockman, FJ Murray, CJ Parsons, BS Swift, DJP TI Grain size and depth constraints on microbial variability in coastal plain subsurface sediments SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE depth; grain size; microbial heterogeneity; organic carbon; scale of variability ID DEEP SUBSURFACE; PHYSIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; HETEROGENEITY; AQUIFER; MICROORGANISMS; TRANSPORT; SITE; SOIL; DENITRIFICATION AB We have examined the effects of sediment grain size and depth on the abundance and activity of aerobic bacteria at two coastal plain sites in Virginia. Samples were collected at centimeter intervals as well as meter intervals because fine-scale sampling can be essential to assess microbial variability. At the Oyster site, grain size varied from 0.12 to 0.25 mm below 1.5 m depth and did not correlate with either bacterial abundance or activity. Perhaps due to the fairly uniform grain size at this site, variations in bacterial numbers were less than fivefold between replicate samples of 0.1 to 100 g and generally less than 15-fold among closely spaced intervals (similar to 5 cm). At the Abbott Pit site, grain size was about threefold greater (0.50 +/- 0.17 mm) in an interval of 4.35 to 5.0 m below land surface than grain size in the surrounding sediments. In the same interval, bacterial abundance increased by II-fold and activity increased by 217-fold relative to the surrounding sediments. Overall, grain size correlated significantly with bacterial abundance and activity below the soil zone at the Abbott Pit site. This suggests that changes in grain size, even at the centimeter scale, could have a predominant effect on microbial variability in sandy aquifers of the coastal plain. Besides grain size, depth correlated significantly with total organic carbon and bacterial abundance and activity at bath sites, suggesting that depth is also an important factor controlling microbial variability in the subsurface environments. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Palumbo, AV (reprint author), POB 2008,Bldg 1505,MS 6038, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM avp@ornl.gov RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011; phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975; NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 15 IS 3 BP 171 EP 185 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 119NV UT WOS:000075903400002 ER PT J AU Carr, BJ Hajnal, Z Prugger, A AF Carr, BJ Hajnal, Z Prugger, A TI Shear-wave studies in glacial till SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Shallow Seismic Reflection Workshop CY SEP, 1996 CL LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA HO LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB AB Within a high-resolution shallow reflection survey program in Saskatchewan, Canada, S-waves were produced using a single seismo-electric blasting cap and were found to he distinguishable from surface wave phases. The local glacial deposits have average velocities of 450 m/s. V-P/V-S ratios average 3.6 in these sequences, but they vary laterally according to the velocity analyses done in two boreholes drilled along the seismic line. Vertical resolution for S-wave reflections are 0.75 m [in the vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data] and 1.5 m tin the CDP data). Yet, the S-wave CDP results are still better than corresponding P-wave data, which had a vertical resolution of 2.6 m. S-wave anisotropy is inferred in the glacial deposits on the basis of particle motion analysis and interpretations of S-wave splitting. However, the amount of observed splitting is small (similar to 2-6 ms over 5-10 m) and could go undetected for seismic surveys with larger sampling intervals. VSPs indicate that S-wave reflectivity is caused by both distinct and subtle lithologic changes (e.g., clay/sand contacts or changes in clay percentage within a particular till unit) and changes in bulk porosity. Migrated S-wave sections from line 1 and line 2 image reflections from sand layers within the tills as well as the first "bedrock" sequence (known as the Judith River Formation). Shear wave images are not only feasible in unconsolidated materials, but provide additional information about structural relationships within these till units. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Potash Corp Saskatchewan Inc, Saskatoon, SK S7K 7G3, Canada. RP Carr, BJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 63 IS 4 BP 1273 EP 1284 DI 10.1190/1.1444429 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 106UT UT WOS:000075169400019 ER PT J AU Doll, WE Miller, RD Xia, JH AF Doll, WE Miller, RD Xia, JH TI A noninvasive shallow seismic source comparison on the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Shallow Seismic Reflection Workshop CY SEP, 1996 CL LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA HO LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB AB Nine seismic sources were compared in preparation for production seismic reflection profiling to about 500 m depth at a hazardous waste site on the Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee. Test data provided a 125-shotpoint common midpoint profile and a walkaway vertical seismic profile for each source. Sources tested included five swept sources and four impulsive sources. Eight of the sources were "noninvasive," in that they would not penetrate the ground surface. When spectral whitening methods were applied to the data, the IVI Minivib provided the best image of the subsurface on the basis of continuity and clarity of reflections. Without prewhitening, the performance of the IVI Minivib and the Bison elastic wave generator were similar. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kansas Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66046 USA. RP Doll, WE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 63 IS 4 BP 1318 EP 1331 DI 10.1190/1.1444433 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 106UT UT WOS:000075169400023 ER PT J AU Stephens, DB Kelsey, JA Prieksat, MA Piepho, MG Shan, C Ankeny, MD AF Stephens, DB Kelsey, JA Prieksat, MA Piepho, MG Shan, C Ankeny, MD TI DNAPL migration through a fractured perching layer SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID POROUS-MEDIA AB The migration of a DNAPL (TCA) was demonstrated by a laboratory flow visualization experiment. The system consists of two unconfined aquifers separated by a siltstone perching layer containing a single fracture that conducts water flow downward, The TCA migrated along a tortuous path in the upper sandy aquifer and moved rapidly through the fracture. We observed no DNAPL pooling above the fracture prior to its entry into the fracture, in contrast to existing mathematical solutions of hydrostatic initial conditions and full saturation below the fracture. A multiphase flow model predicted the experimentally observed mean behavior. C1 Daniel B Stephens & Associates Inc, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Stephens, DB (reprint author), Daniel B Stephens & Associates Inc, 6020 Acad Rd NE,Ste 100, Albuquerque, NM 87109 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 36 IS 4 BP 605 EP 610 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02834.x PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 102PY UT WOS:000074934300010 ER PT J AU McNab, WW Dooher, BP AF McNab, WW Dooher, BP TI Uncertainty analyses of fuel hydrocarbon biodegradation signatures in ground water by probabilistic modeling SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATED AQUIFER; REDUCTION; TOLUENE; BENZENE; SULFATE; SAND AB Natural attenuation processes, such as biodegradation, may serve as a means for remediating ground water contaminated by fuel hydrocarbons from leaking underground fuel tanks (LUFTs), Quantification of the uncertainties associated with natural attenuation, and hence the capacity to limit plume migration and restore an aquifer, is important. In this study, a probabilistic screening model is developed to quantify uncertainties involved in the impact of biodegradation on hydrocarbon plume behavior. The approach is based on Monte Carlo simulation using an analytical solution to the advective-dispersive solute transport equation, including a first-order degradation term, coupled with mass balance constraints on electron acceptor use. Empirical probability distributions for governing parameters are provided as input to the model, Application of the model to an existing LUFT site illustrates the degree of uncertainty associated with model-predicted hydrocarbon concentrations and geochemical indicators at individual site monitoring wells as well as the roles of various parameter assumptions (e.g., hydraulic conductivity, first-order decay coefficient, source term) in influencing forecasts. This information is useful for risk management planning because the degree of confidence that biodegradation will limit the impact of a hydrocarbon plume on potential receptors can be quantified. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP McNab, WW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Environm Restorat Div, POB 808,L-530, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 26 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 36 IS 4 BP 691 EP 698 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb02844.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 102PY UT WOS:000074934300020 ER PT J AU Durbin, PW Kullgren, B Xu, J Raymond, KN Allen, PG Bucher, JJ Edelstein, NM Shuh, DK AF Durbin, PW Kullgren, B Xu, J Raymond, KN Allen, PG Bucher, JJ Edelstein, NM Shuh, DK TI Np-237: Oxidation state in vivo and chelation by multidentate catecholate and hydroxypyridinonate ligands SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE neptunium; chelation; mice; metabolism ID X-RAY ABSORPTION; SEQUESTERING AGENTS; ACID SOLUTIONS; ACTINIDES; MICE; RATS; NEPTUNIUM; PU-238; PLUTONIUM; AMERICIUM AB Chemically, Np-237(V) is as toxic as U(VI), and radiologically, about as toxic as Pu-239. Depending on redox conditions in vivo, Np-237 exists as weakly complexing Np(V) (NpO2+) or as Np(IV), which forms complexes as stable as those of Pu(IV). Ten multidentate catecholate (CAM) and hydroxypyridinonate (HOPO) ligands with great affinity for Pu(IV) were compared with CaNa3-DTPA for in vivo chelation of Np-237. Mice were injected intravenously with (NpO2Cl)-Np-237: those in a kinetic study were killed 1 to 2880 min; in ligand studies, fed mice were injected intraperitoneally with a ligand 5, 60, or 1440 min after Np-237(V) (molar ratio 5.6 to 73), mice fasted for 16 h were gastrically intubated with a ligand 3 min after Np-237(V) (molar ratio 5.6 to 274), and all were killed 24 h after ligand administration; tissues and excreta were radioanalyzed. Rapid plasma clearance and urinary excretion of Np-237(V) resemble U(VI); deposition and early retention in skeleton and liver resemble Pu(IV). The x-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) spectra of femora of Np-237(V)-injected mice, compared with spectra of Np(V) and Np(IV) from reference solids, showed predominantly Np(IV). Significant in vivo Np-237 chelation was obtained with all of the HOPO and CAM ligands injected at molar ratio 22; the HOPO ligands reduced Np-237 in skeleton, liver, and other soft tissue, on average, to 72, 25, and 25% of control, respectively, while CaNa3-DTPA was ineffective. Two HOPO ligands injected 60 min after Np-237 (molar ratio 5.6) significantly reduced body and liver Np-237, and three HOPO ligands given orally (molar ratio greater than or equal to 73) significantly reduced body and liver Np-237, compared with controls. Combined with earlier work, these results indicate that: the dominant neptunium species circulating and excreted in urine is Np(V), while that in bone and liver deposits is Np(IV); Np(V) must be reduced to Np(IV) before it can be stably chelated; efficient decorporation of neptunium requires multidentate ligands that form exceptionally stable actinide(IV) chelates and facilitate Np(V) reduction. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES02698] NR 86 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 75 IS 1 BP 34 EP 50 DI 10.1097/00004032-199807000-00007 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA ZU966 UT WOS:000074254400008 PM 9645664 ER PT J AU Stec, I Wright, TJ van Ommen, GJB de Boer, PAJ van Haeringen, A Moorman, AFM Altherr, MR den Dunnen, JT AF Stec, I Wright, TJ van Ommen, GJB de Boer, PAJ van Haeringen, A Moorman, AFM Altherr, MR den Dunnen, JT TI WHSC1, a 90 kb SET domain-containing gene, expressed in early development and homologous to a Drosophila dysmorphy gene maps in the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical region and is fused to IgH in t(4;14) multiple myeloma SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; ROGERS-DANKS SYNDROME; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; MENTAL-RETARDATION; UNUSUAL FACE; PROTEIN; TRITHORAX; DNA; ACTIVATION; MUTATIONS AB Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a malformation syndrome associated with a hemizygous deletion of the distal short arm of chromosome 4 (4p16.3). The smallest region of overlap between WHS patients, the WHS critical region, has been confined to 165 kb, of which the complete sequence is known. We have identified and studied a 90 kb gene, designated as WHSC1, mapping to the 165 kb WHS critical region. This 25 exon gene is expressed ubiquitously in early development and undergoes complex alternative splicing and differential polyadenylation. It encodes a 136 kDa protein containing four domains present in other developmental proteins: a PWWP domain, an HMG box, a SET domain also found in the Drosophila dysmorphy gene ash-encoded protein, and a PHD-type zinc finger. It is expressed preferentially in rapidly growing embryonic tissues, in a pattern corresponding to affected organs in WHS patients. The nature of the protein motifs, the expression pattern and its mapping to the critical region led us to propose WHSC1 as a good candidate gene to be responsible for many of the phenotypic features of WHS. Finally as a serendipitous finding, of the t(4;14) (p16.3;q32.3) translocations recently described in multiple myelomas, at least three breakpoints merge the IgH and WHSC1 genes, potentially causing fusion proteins replacing WHSC1 exons 1-4 by the IgH 5'-VDJ moiety. C1 Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, MGC Dept Human Genet, Leiden, Netherlands. Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Genet, Leiden, Netherlands. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Genom Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Inst Anat & Embryol, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP den Dunnen, JT (reprint author), Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, MGC Dept Human Genet, Leiden, Netherlands. EM ddunnen@ruly46.medfac.leidenuniv.nl NR 48 TC 182 Z9 187 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 7 IS 7 BP 1071 EP 1082 DI 10.1093/hmg/7.7.1071 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA ZX952 UT WOS:000074571900002 PM 9618163 ER PT J AU Casanova, H Dongarra, J AF Casanova, H Dongarra, J TI Applying NetSolve's network-enabled server SO IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The scientific community has long used the Internet for communication of e-mail, software, and papers. Until recently, there has been little use of the network for actual computations. This situation is changing rapidly and will have an enormous impact on the future. The NetSolve system described here has a significant role to play in these developments. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Casanova, H (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, 104 Ayres Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 20 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1070-9924 J9 IEEE COMPUT SCI ENG JI IEEE Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 5 IS 3 BP 57 EP 67 DI 10.1109/99.714602 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA 120PP UT WOS:000075965000011 ER PT J AU Czyzyk, J Mesnier, MP More, JJ AF Czyzyk, J Mesnier, MP More, JJ TI The NEOS Server SO IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The NEOS Server introduces a novel approach for solving optimization problems. Users of the NEOS Sewer submit a problem and their choice of optimization solver over the Internet. The NEOS Server computes all information (for example, derivatives and sparsity patterns) required by the solver; links the optimization problem with the solver and returns a solution. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Czyzyk, J (reprint author), Wroclawska Szkola Jezykowa, Ul Klodnicka 2, PL-54217 Wroclaw, Poland. NR 14 TC 180 Z9 182 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1070-9924 J9 IEEE COMPUT SCI ENG JI IEEE Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JUL-SEP PY 1998 VL 5 IS 3 BP 68 EP 75 DI 10.1109/99.714603 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA 120PP UT WOS:000075965000012 ER PT J AU Lagow, BW Turkot, BA Robertson, IM Coleman, JJ Roh, SD Forbes, DV Rehn, LE Baldo, PM AF Lagow, BW Turkot, BA Robertson, IM Coleman, JJ Roh, SD Forbes, DV Rehn, LE Baldo, PM TI Ion implantation in AlxGa1-xAs: Damage structures and amorphization mechanisms SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article DE ion implantation; radiation effects; semiconductor materials ID CLUSTERED VACANCY DEFECTS; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; ANNEALING BEHAVIOR; GAAS-ALAS; SUPERLATTICES; TEMPERATURE; IRRADIATION; SI; HETEROSTRUCTURES; ACCUMULATION AB We review previous research on ion implantation in AlxGa1-xAs-GaAs heterostructures, and include observations from our current work in order to assess the various mechanisms that have been proposed to account for damage accumulation and amorphization in this system. In considering all of the experimental observations, the most consistent description is one where amorphization occurs by a combination of point-defect buildup and direct impact amorphization mechanisms. C1 Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lagow, BW (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Coleman, James/C-9703-2011 NR 68 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1077-260X J9 IEEE J SEL TOP QUANT JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 4 IS 4 BP 606 EP 618 DI 10.1109/2944.720470 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 124HY UT WOS:000076177400004 ER PT J AU Tosaka, Y Satoh, S Itakura, T Ehara, H Ueda, T Woffinden, GA Wender, SA AF Tosaka, Y Satoh, S Itakura, T Ehara, H Ueda, T Woffinden, GA Wender, SA TI Measurement and analysis of neutron-induced soft errors in sub-half-micron CMOS circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE CMOS circuits; cosmic ray neutron; neutron-induced soft error; soft error rate ID HEAVY-ION REACTIONS; COSMIC-RAYS AB Neutron-induced soft error rates (SER's) of sub-half-micron CMOS SRAM and Latch circuits were studied both experimentally and analytically to investigate cosmic ray neutron-induced soft errors (SE's), Because the neutron beam used in the measurement has an energy spectrum similar to that of sea-level atmospheric neutrons, our SER data corresponds to those induced by cosmic ray neutrons. The alpha-particle induced SER's were also measured for comparison with the neutron-induced SER's, Neutron-induced SE's occurred in both circuits. On the other hand, alpha-induced SE's occurred in SRAM, but not in the Latch circuits. The measured SER's agreed with simulated results. We discussed the significance of how cosmic ray neutrons affects CMOS circuits at ground level. C1 Fujitsu Labs Ltd, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211, Japan. Amdahl Corp, Rexburg, ID 83440 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Tosaka, Y (reprint author), Fujitsu Labs Ltd, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211, Japan. NR 19 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JUL PY 1998 VL 45 IS 7 BP 1453 EP 1458 DI 10.1109/16.701475 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA ZV815 UT WOS:000074344100010 ER PT J AU Diner, DJ Beckert, JC Reilly, TH Bruegge, CJ Conel, JE Kahn, RA Martonchik, JV Ackerman, TP Davies, R Gerstl, SAW Gordon, HR Muller, JP Myneni, RB Sellers, PJ Pinty, B Verstraete, MM AF Diner, DJ Beckert, JC Reilly, TH Bruegge, CJ Conel, JE Kahn, RA Martonchik, JV Ackerman, TP Davies, R Gerstl, SAW Gordon, HR Muller, JP Myneni, RB Sellers, PJ Pinty, B Verstraete, MM TI Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) - Instrument description and experiment overview SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE earth; remote sensing ID HEMISPHERICAL REFLECTANCE; CANOPY REFLECTANCE; AVHRR DATA; SATELLITE; AEROSOL; CLOUD; MODEL; SURFACE; NADIR; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument is scheduled for launch aboard the first of the Earth Observing System (EOS) spacecraft, EOS-AM1. MISR will provide global, radiometrically calibrated, georectified, and spatially coregistered imagery at nine discrete viewing angles and four visible/near-infrared spectral bands. Algorithms specifically developed to capitalize on this measurement strategy will be used to retrieve geophysical products for studies of clouds, aerosols, and surface radiation. This paper provides an overview of the as-built instrument characteristics and the application of MISR to remote sensing of the earth. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Arizona, Inst Atmospher Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nonproliferat & Int Secur, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ London Univ Coll, Dept Geomat Engn, London WC1E 6BT, England. Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NASA, Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. EC Joint Res Ctr, Space Applicat Inst, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. RP Diner, DJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM djd@jord.jpl.nasa.gov RI Davies, Roger/D-4296-2009; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012; OI Davies, Roger/0000-0002-2991-0409; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Verstraete, Michel/0000-0003-0968-8721; Muller, Jan-Peter/0000-0002-5077-3736 NR 61 TC 480 Z9 490 U1 3 U2 43 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUL PY 1998 VL 36 IS 4 BP 1072 EP 1087 DI 10.1109/36.700992 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA ZZ760 UT WOS:000074764400005 ER PT J AU Andrews, JJ Kilpatrick, SW McAlhaney, JH AF Andrews, JJ Kilpatrick, SW McAlhaney, JH TI Identifying electrical safety needs, implementing improvement, and measuring results SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference CY MAY 12-14, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP IEEE, IAS DE electrical safety; electrical safety improvements; electrical safety management; electrical safety performance; electrical safety surveys; trends AB The management of an operating and maintenance contractor for a large government-owned facility recognized that, despite having an overall good safety program, the number of electrical safety incidents at the facility was on the increase. The severity of these incidents had also been increasing, as indicated by a serious shock and burn injury to a young, but trained and qualified, employee. Management decided that a serious effort was needed to significantly reduce (and, ideally, eliminate) electrical safety-related incidents. This paper describes comprehensive management/employee involvement in identifying the real problem areas, implementing improvement, and continually measuring performance, Although this effort Was undertaken at a large facility with many people involved, the paper provides ideas that can be considered on both a large and small scale for those companies where similar electrical safety concerns exist. C1 Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. RP Andrews, JJ (reprint author), Westinghouse Savannah River Co, Savannah River Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JUL-AUG PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 649 EP 655 DI 10.1109/28.703953 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 102BP UT WOS:000074903600005 ER PT J AU Bennett, CH Gacs, P Li, M Vitanyi, FMB Zurek, WH AF Bennett, CH Gacs, P Li, M Vitanyi, FMB Zurek, WH TI Information distance SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY LA English DT Article DE algorithmic information theory; description complexity; entropy; heat dissipation; information distance; information metric; irreversible computation; Kolmogorov complexity; pattern recognition; reversible computation; thermodynamics of computation; universal cognitive distance ID REVERSIBLE COMPUTATION; ENERGY; SPACE; TIME; ENTROPY AB While Kolmogorov complexity is the accepted absolute measure of information content in an individual finite object, a similarly absolute notion is needed for the information distance between two individual objects, for example, two pictures. We give several natural definitions of a universal information metric, based on length of shortest programs for either ordinary computations or reversible (dissipationless) computations. It turns out that these definitions are equivalent up to an additive logarithmic term. We show that the information distance is a universal cognitive similarity distance. We investigate the maximal correlation of the shortest programs involved, the maximal uncorrelation of programs (a generalization of the Slepian-Wolf theorem of classical information theory), and the density properties of the discrete metric spaces induced by the information distances, A related distance measures the amount of nonreversibility of a computation. Using the physical theory of reversible computation, we give an appropriate (universal, antisymmetric, and transitive) measure of the thermodynamic work required to transform one object in another object by the most efficient process. Information distance between individual objects is needed in pattern recognition where one wants to express effective notions of "pattern similarity" or "cognitive similarity" between individual objects and in thermodynamics of computation where one wants to analyze the energy dissipation of a computation from a particular input to a particular output. C1 IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Waterloo, Dept Comp Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. CWI, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bennett, CH (reprint author), IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 USA. RI Bennett, Charles H./G-9082-2013 OI Bennett, Charles H./0000-0003-0921-2643 NR 29 TC 177 Z9 185 U1 0 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9448 J9 IEEE T INFORM THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory PD JUL PY 1998 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1407 EP 1423 DI 10.1109/18.681318 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA ZV269 UT WOS:000074287700005 ER PT J AU Wang, XD Fu, CL AF Wang, XD Fu, CL TI First principles calculations of the energetics of Co/Cu(111) multilayers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 06-09, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA ID CU(111); GROWTH; FILMS AB A first principles study of various relevant energetics for Co films deposited on Cu(lll) is presented. The tendency of Cu diffusion to the surface is explained in terms of a lower surface energy of Cu than that of Co. In the low Co coverage regime, the growth of the fee stacking is found to be predominantly determined by the following considerations: (1)the diffusing Cu atoms prefer fee sites when they are present on the Cu(lll) substrate; (2) both a Cu overlayer (i.e., in the case of Cu atoms locally forming a capped overlayer) and a Co overlayer on Cu(lll) prefer fee stacking. On the other hand, Co adatoms on fcc-Co(lll) substrate strongly prefer hcp sites, suggesting that the layer stacking sequence becomes pure hcp as the diffusion of Cu atoms to the surface diminishes. Energetically, Co and Cu atoms are found not to mix with each other on the surface. Since Cu has an fee preference, a coexistence of fcc- and hcp-type domains is expected in the intermediate Co coverage regime. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, XD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 888 EP 890 DI 10.1109/20.706301 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 101CP UT WOS:000074852300022 ER PT J AU Mao, M Cerjan, C Gibbons, M Law, B Grabner, F Vernon, SP Wall, M AF Mao, M Cerjan, C Gibbons, M Law, B Grabner, F Vernon, SP Wall, M TI GMR in DC magnetron sputtered Ni81Fe19/Cu multilayers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 06-09, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA ID NI-FE/CU MULTILAYERS; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; ANISOTROPY AB In this paper, we present results of a study on Ni81Fe19/Cu MLs deposited using a four-source DC magnetron sputtering system operated in planetary mode. A significant change of GMR value with deposition conditions, especially base pressure and deposition pressure, has been observed for Ni81Fe19/Cu MLs, With an optimized process, we have obtained a GMR response of 9.5% with a field sensitivity of 0.44%/Oe for Si/ [(Ni81Fe19)17 Angstrom/Cu20 Angstrom](20) MLs without an Fe buffer layer. The insertion of a very thin layer of a second magnetic species at nonmagnetic/magnetic interfaces in the ML stack makes GMR response either sensitive or less sensitive to deposition conditions depending on the species selected. We believe that the key to obtaining large GMR values in Ni81Fe19/Cu MLs lies in the control of layered structure and interfacial chemistry. In addition, these Ni81Fe19/Cu MLs survive high temperature annealing up to 250 C, retaining a GMR value of 8.5%. The thermal stability exhibited by these MLs over the temperature range for device fabrication makes them valuable for high density recording head sensor applications. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mao, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 915 EP 917 DI 10.1109/20.706310 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 101CP UT WOS:000074852300031 ER PT J AU Butler, WH Zhang, XG MacLaren, JM AF Butler, WH Zhang, XG MacLaren, JM TI First-principles based semi-classical model for transport in magnetic layered structures SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 06-09, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; NEGATIVE MAGNETORESISTANCE; MULTILAYERS AB We present a first principles based semiclassical model for transport in an inhomogeneous magnetic layered structure. The approach solves the Boltzmann transport equation using the band structure, Bloch wave velocities and scattering matrices, describing the reflection and transmission of Bloch waves from interfaces, derived from ab-initio local spin density electronic structure calculations. The model has been tested for thick Co and Cu films as well as for a set of Co\Cu\Co spin valves. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Zhang Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70018 USA. RP MacLaren, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Zhang Met & Ceram Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 927 EP 929 DI 10.1109/20.706314 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 101CP UT WOS:000074852300035 ER PT J AU Benaissa, M Krishnan, KM Fullerton, EE Jiang, JS AF Benaissa, M Krishnan, KM Fullerton, EE Jiang, JS TI Magnetic anisotropy and its microstructural origin in epitaxially grown SmCo thin films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 06-09, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA DE anisotropy; coercivity; epitaxy; hard magnet; microstructure; pinning; thin film; samarium-cobalt AB Microstructural features and magnetic behavior of epitaxially grown SmCo thin films with very high in-plane anisotropy are presented. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the microstructure while magnetic measurements were performed using de and SQUID magnetometers. Two substrate orientations were studied, i.e., MgO(100)/Cr(100)/SmCo(11 (2) over bar 0) and MgO(110)/Cr(211)/SmCo(1 (1) over bar 00). In the former, the SmCo(11 (2) over bar 0) film shows a bicrystalline microstructure, whereas in the latter, a uniaxial one is observed, Both microstructures consist of grains with a mixture of SmCo3, Sm2Co7 and SmCo5 polytypoids. A deviation from the c-axes was observed in the in-plane anisotropy of the SmCo(11 (2) over bar 0) thin film. A strong exchange interaction between the grains would, in principle, explain the observed deviation. On the other hand, both SmCo(11 (2) over bar 0) and (1 (1) over bar 00) thin films show very high coercivity values with pinning-type characteristics. Possible coercivity mechanisms related to intergranular exchange interactions and local variation in magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Krishnan, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, 72-150, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013 OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509 NR 7 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 20 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1204 EP 1206 DI 10.1109/20.706494 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 101CP UT WOS:000074852300123 ER PT J AU Zhong, LP Wang, XD Freeman, AJ AF Zhong, LP Wang, XD Freeman, AJ TI Symmetry-induced magnetic anisotropy in ultrathin planar striped Co films with and without Cu decoration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 06-09, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA ID MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY AB First-principles local density full potential linearized augmented plane wave method and state-tracking and torque approaches are employed for the theoretical determination of in-plane and off-plane magnetic anisotropy for both free standing planar Co stripes and the same film put on a Cu (100) substrate, with and without nonmagnetic Cu decoration. The easy magnetic axis is found to lie parallel to the stripes for clean Co stripes; the decoration with nonmagnetic Cu is found to switch the easy axis from parallel to perpendicular to the stripes. The magnetic anisotropy coefficients are determined and the magnetic behavior is related to, and explained in terms of, their electronic structures and the fundamental bonding properties of the constituent atoms. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Zhong, LP (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUL PY 1998 VL 34 IS 4 BP 1213 EP 1215 DI 10.1109/20.706499 PN 1 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 101CP UT WOS:000074852300126 ER PT J AU Kowalewski, M Heinrich, B Schulthess, TC Butler, WH AF Kowalewski, M Heinrich, B Schulthess, TC Butler, WH TI First principles calculations of interlayer exchange coupling in bcc Fe/Cu/Fe structures. SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Joint MMM-Intermag Conference CY JAN 06-09, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA DE ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling; magnetic moment; The Layer Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method; ultrathin magnetic multilayers AB We report on theoretical calculations of interlayer exchange coupling between two Fe layers separated by a modified Cu spacer. These calculations were motivated by experimental investigations of similar structures by the SFU group. The multilayer structures of interest have the general form: Fe/Cu(k)/Fe and Fe/Cu(m)/X(1)/Cu(n)/Fe where X indicates one AL (atomic layer) of foreign atoms X (Cr, Ag or Fe) and k, m, n represent the number of atomic layers of Cu. The purpose of the experimental and theoretical work was to determine the effect of modifying the pure Cu spacer by replacing the central Cu atomic layer with the atomic layer of foreign atoms X. The first principles calculation were performed using the Layer Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (LKKR) method. The theoretical thickness dependence of the exchange coupling between two semi-infinite Fe layers was calculated for pure Cu Spacer thicknesses in the range of 0