FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Shuster, M Dhar, MS Olins, AL Olins, DE Howell, CY Gollin, SM Chaillet, JR AF Shuster, M Dhar, MS Olins, AL Olins, DE Howell, CY Gollin, SM Chaillet, JR TI Parental alleles of an imprinted mouse transgene replicate synchronously SO DEVELOPMENTAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE transgene; DNA replication; FISH; genomic imprinting ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; FRAGILE-X-SYNDROME; DELAYED REPLICATION; EXPRESSION; GENE; LOCI; FLUORESCENCE; REGION; METHYLATION; ASYNCHRONY AB Molecular features of imprinted genes include differences in expression, methylation, and the timing of DNA replication between parental alleles. Whereas methylation differences always seem to be associated with differences in expression, differences in the timing of replication between parental homologs are not always seen at imprinted loci. These observations raise the possibility that differences in replication timing may not be an essential feature underlying genomic imprinting. In this study we examined the timing of replication of the two alleles of the imprinted RSVIgmyc transgene in individual embryonic cells using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The cis-acting signals for RSVIgmyc imprinting are within RSVIgmyc itself. Thus, allele-specific differences in replication, if they indeed govern RSVIgmyc imprinting, should be found in RSVIgmyc sequences. We found that the parental alleles of RSVIgmyc, which exhibit differences in methylation, replicated at the same time. Synchronous replication was also seen in embryonic cells containing a modified version of RSVIgmyc that exhibited parental allele differences in both methylation and expression. These findings indicate that maintenance of expression and methylation differences between alleles does not require a difference in replication timing. The differences in replication timing of endogenous imprinted alleles detected by FISH might therefore reflect structural differences between the two alleles that could be a consequence of imprinting or, alternatively, could be unrelated to imprinting. Dev. Genet. 23:000-000, 1998. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Human Genet, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Grad Sch Biomed Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Chaillet, JR (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P30CA479049019, CA-09936]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD32940] NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0192-253X J9 DEV GENET JI Dev. Genet. PY 1998 VL 23 IS 4 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6408(1998)23:4<275::AID-DVG3>3.0.CO;2-# PG 10 WC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 152CA UT WOS:000077756900003 PM 9883580 ER PT B AU Bretz, NL Kessel, C Doyle, EJ Vayakis, G AF Bretz, NL Kessel, C Doyle, EJ Vayakis, G BE Stott, PE Gorini, G Prandoni, P Sindoni, E TI ITER position control reflectometry - Conceptual design SO DIAGNOSTICS FOR EXPERIMENTAL THERMONUCLEAR FUSION REACTORS 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International School of Plasma Physics Piero Caldirola Workshop on Diagnostics for Experimental Fusion Reactors CY SEP 04-12, 1997 CL VARENNA, ITALY SP CNR, Ist Fis Plasma Piero Caldirola, European Commiss, DG XII, Univ Milan, Dept Phys, Province Lecco, Camera Commercio Lecco C1 Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Bretz, NL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45835-7 PY 1998 BP 129 EP 138 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BK99L UT WOS:000074024700012 ER PT B AU Johnson, DW Grek, B AF Johnson, DW Grek, B BE Stott, PE Gorini, G Prandoni, P Sindoni, E TI ITER edge Thomson scattering SO DIAGNOSTICS FOR EXPERIMENTAL THERMONUCLEAR FUSION REACTORS 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International School of Plasma Physics Piero Caldirola Workshop on Diagnostics for Experimental Fusion Reactors CY SEP 04-12, 1997 CL VARENNA, ITALY SP CNR, Ist Fis Plasma Piero Caldirola, European Commiss, DG XII, Univ Milan, Dept Phys, Province Lecco, Camera Commercio Lecco C1 Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Johnson, DW (reprint author), Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45835-7 PY 1998 BP 227 EP 236 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BK99L UT WOS:000074024700025 ER PT B AU Wurden, GA Peterson, BJ AF Wurden, GA Peterson, BJ BE Stott, PE Gorini, G Prandoni, P Sindoni, E TI Imaging bolometry development for large fusion devices SO DIAGNOSTICS FOR EXPERIMENTAL THERMONUCLEAR FUSION REACTORS 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International School of Plasma Physics Piero Caldirola Workshop on Diagnostics for Experimental Fusion Reactors CY SEP 04-12, 1997 CL VARENNA, ITALY SP CNR, Ist Fis Plasma Piero Caldirola, European Commiss, DG XII, Univ Milan, Dept Phys, Province Lecco, Camera Commercio Lecco C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wurden, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45835-7 PY 1998 BP 399 EP 408 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BK99L UT WOS:000074024700049 ER PT B AU Barnes, CW Jassby, DL LeMunyan, G Roquemore, AL Walker, C AF Barnes, CW Jassby, DL LeMunyan, G Roquemore, AL Walker, C BE Stott, PE Gorini, G Prandoni, P Sindoni, E TI Design considerations for neutron activation and neutron source strength monitors for ITER SO DIAGNOSTICS FOR EXPERIMENTAL THERMONUCLEAR FUSION REACTORS 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International School of Plasma Physics Piero Caldirola Workshop on Diagnostics for Experimental Fusion Reactors CY SEP 04-12, 1997 CL VARENNA, ITALY SP CNR, Ist Fis Plasma Piero Caldirola, European Commiss, DG XII, Univ Milan, Dept Phys, Province Lecco, Camera Commercio Lecco C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Barnes, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45835-7 PY 1998 BP 479 EP 490 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BK99L UT WOS:000074024700059 ER PT J AU Edgar, JH Xie, ZY Braski, DN AF Edgar, JH Xie, ZY Braski, DN TI The effects of the simultaneous addition of diborane and ammonia on the hot-filament assisted chemical vapor deposition of diamond SO DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE diamond; diborane; ammonia; chemical vapor deposition; nucleation density; growth rate ID BORON-NITRIDE FILMS; SURFACE; GROWTH AB The effects of the simultaneous addition of diborane and ammonia on the nucleation density and growth rate of diamond prepared by hot-filament assisted chemical vapor depositions were examined. The diamond nucleation density and growth rate decreased as the B/C and N/B input ratios were increased owing to poisoning of the diamond surface and depletion of methyl radicals. This reduction in the amount of diamond could be compensated for by increasing the substrate and filament temperatures, and increasing the concentration of diamond growth species. Up to a B/C input reactant gas ratio of approximately 0.1, faceted diamond particles and an amorphous B-C-N continuous film were codeposited. For B/C>0.1, only the B-C-N film was formed.. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, High Temp Mat Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Edgar, JH (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Durland Hall, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-9635 J9 DIAM RELAT MATER JI Diam. Relat. Mat. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 7 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1016/S0925-9635(97)00159-3 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YX644 UT WOS:000072061900006 ER PT S AU Hanrahan, RJ Withrow, SP Puga-Lambers, M AF Hanrahan, RJ Withrow, SP Puga-Lambers, M BE Mishin, Y Vogl, G Cowern, N Catlow, R Farkas, D TI Measurements of the diffusion of iron and carbon in single crystal NiAl using ion implantation and secondary ion mass spectrometry SO DIFFUSION MECHANISMS IN CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Diffusion Mechanisms in Crystalline Materials at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Avant Corp, TCAD Business Unit, Virginia Polytech Inst AB Classical diffusion measurements in intermetallic compounds are often complicated by low diffusivities or low solubilities of the elements of interest. Using secondary ion mass spectrometry for measurements over a relatively shallow spatial range may be used to solve the problem of low diffusivity. In order to simultaneously obtain measurements on important impurity elements with low solubilities we have used ion implantation to supersaturate a narrow layer near the surface. Single crystal NiAl was implanted with either C-12 or both Fe-56 and C-12 in order to investigate the measurement of substitutional (Fe) versus interstitial (C) tracer diffusion and the cross effect of both substitutional and interstitial diffusion. When C alone was implanted negligible diffusion was observed over the range of times and temperatures investigated. When both Fe and C were implanted together significantly enhanced diffusion of the C was observed, which is apparently associated with the movement of Fe. This supports one theory of dynamic strain aging in Fe alloyed NiAl. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hanrahan, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-433-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 527 BP 227 EP 232 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BL60E UT WOS:000075974200028 ER PT S AU Bracht, H Haller, EE Eberl, K Cardona, M Clark-Phelps, R AF Bracht, H Haller, EE Eberl, K Cardona, M Clark-Phelps, R BE Mishin, Y Vogl, G Cowern, N Catlow, R Farkas, D TI Self-diffusion in isotopically controlled heterostructures of elemental and compound semiconductors SO DIFFUSION MECHANISMS IN CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Diffusion Mechanisms in Crystalline Materials at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Avant Corp, TCAD Business Unit, Virginia Polytech Inst AB We report self-diffusion studies of silicon between 855 and 1388 degrees C in highly enriched epitaxial Si-28 layers. Diffusion profiles of Si-30 and Si-29 are determined with high resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The temperature dependence of the Si selfdiffusion coefficients is accurately described with an activation enthalpy of 4.76 eV and a pre-exponential factor of 560 cm(2)s(-1). The single activation enthalpy indicates that Si self-interstitials dominate self-diffusion over the whole temperature range investigated. Self- and interdiffusion in buried (AlGaAs)-Ga-71/(AlGaAs)-Ga-69/(GaAs)-Ga-71 isotope heterostructures with different Al composition is measured between 800 and 1160 degrees C. Ga self-diffusion in AlGaAs and interdiffusion of Al and Ga at the AlGaAs/GaAs interface show that Ga diffusion decreases with increasing Al composition and that the interdiffusion coefficient depends linearly on Al concentration. Furthermore Al is found to diffuse more rapidly into GaAs than Ga diffuses in GaAs. The temperature dependence of Ga and Al diffusion in GaAs and of Ga diffusion in AlGaAs is described by a single activation enthalpy in the range of 3.6+/-0.1 eV, but by different pre-exponential factors. Differences found for Ga and Al diffusion in GaAs and for Ga diffusion in AlGaAs with different Al concentrations are discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bracht, H (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-433-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 527 BP 335 EP 346 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BL60E UT WOS:000075974200041 ER PT S AU Pohl, PI Fisler, DK Nenoff, TM AF Pohl, PI Fisler, DK Nenoff, TM BE Mishin, Y Vogl, G Cowern, N Catlow, R Farkas, D TI Molecular simulations of pore diffusion in zeolites SO DIFFUSION MECHANISMS IN CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Diffusion Mechanisms in Crystalline Materials at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Avant Corp, TCAD Business Unit, Virginia Polytech Inst AB A combination of molecular dynamics and energy barrier mapping has been used to study diffusion of xylene gas molecules in silica zeolites. Rigid ion models were created for silicalite phases and the energy barriers to xylene permeation by pore diffusion were mapped using constrained steps and energy minimization. Zeolite ZSM-5 proved to exhibit the desirable properties of a high degree of selectivity while retaining a high permeability to p-xylene. The model zeolite was then minimized with various cation dopants using a shell model to mimic ionic polarization, and changes in cell size and energy surface were examined. Long term molecular dynamics simulations showed an increased diffusion rate for the structures doped with cations of larger ionic size. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pohl, PI (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-433-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 527 BP 491 EP 496 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BL60E UT WOS:000075974200060 ER PT S AU Pint, BA Alexander, KB Monteiro, OR Brown, IG AF Pint, BA Alexander, KB Monteiro, OR Brown, IG BE Mishin, Y Vogl, G Cowern, N Catlow, R Farkas, D TI An oxygen potential gradient as a possible diffusion driving force SO DIFFUSION MECHANISMS IN CRYSTALLINE MATERIALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Diffusion Mechanisms in Crystalline Materials at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Avant Corp, TCAD Business Unit, Virginia Polytech Inst AB Oxygen-active elements such as Y, Zr and Hf are added to alumina-farming alloys to improve the adhesion of the external alpha-Al2O3 scale formed during high temperature oxidation. During oxidation at 1000 degrees-1500 degrees C, many such elements are observed to diffuse from the alloy through the scale and form oxide particles at the scale-gas interface. Once nucleated, the volume fraction of these particles increases with oxidation temperature and time. The continued increase in volume fraction with time suggests that diffusion is not merely driven by a concentration gradient of the oxygen-active elements. Pre-coating with a dense, 1 mu m-thick, plasma-deposited alumina layer prior to oxidation did not prevent the nucleation and growth of these types of particles at the gas interface of the coating. The driving force for this diffusion phenomenon is attributed to the oxygen potential gradient across the metal-oxide-gas system and the high oxygen affinity of these elements. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-433-5 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 527 BP 497 EP 502 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BL60E UT WOS:000075974200061 ER PT B AU Beuville, E Cahn, R Cederstrom, B Danielsson, M Hasegawa, B Lundqvist, M Nygren, D AF Beuville, E Cahn, R Cederstrom, B Danielsson, M Hasegawa, B Lundqvist, M Nygren, D BE Karssemeijer, N Thijssen, M Hendriks, J VanErning, L TI High resolution mammography using a scanned slit silicon strip detector SO DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY SE COMPUTATIONAL IMAGING AND VISION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Workshop on Digital Mammography CY JUN, 1998 CL UNIV HOSP NIJMEGEN, DEPT RADIOL, NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS SP Agfa Gevaect, Trex Med Corp, Eastman Kodak Co, Feinfocus Med Tech, Fuji Med Syst, Ge Med Syst, Nucl Associates, Philips Med Syst, R2 Technol Inc, Siemens Ag Med Engn HO UNIV HOSP NIJMEGEN, DEPT RADIOL C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Beuville, E (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5274-2 J9 COMP IMAG VIS PY 1998 VL 13 BP 27 EP 30 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BM65H UT WOS:000079341500004 ER PT S AU Yates, GJ Albright, KL Alrick, KR Gallegos, RA Galyardt, J Gray, NT Hogan, GE Holmes, VH Jaramillo, SA King, NSP McDonald, TE Morley, KB Morris, CL Numkena, DM Pazuchanics, PD Riedel, CM Sarracino, JS Ziock, HJ Zumbro, JD AF Yates, GJ Albright, KL Alrick, KR Gallegos, RA Galyardt, J Gray, NT Hogan, GE Holmes, VH Jaramillo, SA King, NSP McDonald, TE Morley, KB Morris, CL Numkena, DM Pazuchanics, PD Riedel, CM Sarracino, JS Ziock, HJ Zumbro, JD BE Williams, GM TI An intensified/shuttered cooled CCD camera for dynamic proton radiography SO DIGITAL SOLID STATE CAMERAS: DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Digital Solid State Cameras - Designs and Applications CY JAN 28-29, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP SPIE, Int Soc Opt Engn, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol DE high resolution; high speed; multi-frame; electro-optically shuttered; intensified; CCD camera system AB An intensified/shuttered cooled PC-based CCD camera system was designed and successfully fielded on proton radiography experiments at the Los Alamos National Laboratory LANSCE facility using 800-MeV protons. The four camera detector system used front-illuminated full-Game CCD arrays (two 1024 x 1024 pixels and two 512 x 512 pixels) fiber optically coupled to either 25-mm diameter planar diode or microchannel plate image intensifiers which provided optical shuttering for time resolved imaging of shock propagation in high explosives. The intensifiers also provided wavelength shifting and optical gain. Typical sequences consisting of four images corresponding to consecutive exposures of about 500 ns duration for 40-ns proton burst images (from a fast scintillating fiber array) separated by approximately 1 microsecond were taken during the radiography experiments. Camera design goals and measured performance characteristics including resolution, dynamic range, responsivity, system detection quantum efficiency (DQE), and signal-to-noise will be discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yates, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2742-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3302 BP 140 EP 151 DI 10.1117/12.304577 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BK81E UT WOS:000073468700016 ER PT S AU Kelsey, RL Webster, RB Hartley, RT AF Kelsey, RL Webster, RB Hartley, RT BE Suresh, R TI Using multiple perspectives to suppress information and complexity SO DIGITIZATION OF THE BATTLESPACE III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Digitization of the Battlespace III CY APR 15-17, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE information dissemination; information suppression; multiple perspectives; object-based knowledge representation AB Dissemination of battlespace information involves getting information to particular warfighters that is both useful and in a form that facilitates the tasks of those particular warfighters. There are two issues which motivate this problem of dissemination. The first issue deals with disseminating pertinent information to a particular warfighter. This can be thought of as information suppression. The second issue deals with facilitating the use of the information by tailoring the computer interface to the specific tasks of an individual warfighter. This can be thought of as interface complexity suppression. This paper presents a framework for suppressing information using an object-based knowledge representation methodology. This methodology has the ability to represent knowledge and information in multiple perspectives. Information can be suppressed by creating a perspective specific to an individual warfighter. In this way, only the information pertinent and useful to a warfighter is made available to that warfighter. Information is not removed, lost, or changed, but spread among multiple perspectives. Interface complexity is managed in a similar manner. Rather than have one generalized computer interface to access all information, the computer interface can be divided into interface elements. Interface elements can then be selected and arranged into a perspective-specific interface. This is done in a manner to facilitate completion of tasks contained in that perspective. A basic battlespace domain containing ground and air elements and associated warfighters is used to exercise the methodology. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kelsey, RL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, XCM MS-F645, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2842-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3393 BP 72 EP 85 DI 10.1117/12.317674 PG 14 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BL66Z UT WOS:000076266100009 ER PT B AU Paxson, V Willinger, W AF Paxson, V Willinger, W BE Weisberg, S TI Finding order in chaos: Statistical challenges in analyzing the Internet SO DIMENSION REDUCTION, COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY AND INFORMATION SE COMPUTING SCIENCE AND STATISTICS (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Interface Between Computing Science and Statistics CY MAY 13-16, 1998 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Nat Security Agcy, Univ Minnesota, Coll Liberal Arts, SAS Inst Inc ID AREA TCP CONNECTIONS; SELF-SIMILARITY; ETHERNET AB The Internet is painfully hard to analyze, characterize and understand, because the network is tremendously diverse, extremely dynamic, and highly unpredictable or even chaotic in the behavior of the traffic that it carries. The Internet grows explosively and has been doing so for years, and there are such variations and changes between sites, over time, and even between individual connections, that the only hope for developing sound, useful models of its behavior is to search for "invariants"-islands of stability in a sea of change. In this paper, we discuss some of the statistical challenges associated with uncovering invariants from masses of high-quality data sets of Internet measurements. In general, these invariants do not fall in the realm of conventional statistical inference, and almost none of them accord with traditional traffic modeling. At the same time, they are essential for building intuition and gaining physical understanding to form some sort of coherent picture of how the network behaves. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Paxson, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERFACE FOUNDATION NORTH AMERICA PI FAIRFAX PA PO BOX 7460, FAIRFAX, VA 22039-7460 USA BN 1-886658-05-6 J9 COMP SCI STAT PY 1998 VL 30 BP 16 EP 25 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BN90B UT WOS:000083408300002 ER PT B AU Cottrell, RL AF Cottrell, RL BE Weisberg, S TI Discussant remarks an session: Statistical aspects of measuring the internet SO DIMENSION REDUCTION, COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY AND INFORMATION SE COMPUTING SCIENCE AND STATISTICS (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Interface Between Computing Science and Statistics CY MAY 13-16, 1998 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Nat Security Agcy, Univ Minnesota, Coll Liberal Arts, SAS Inst Inc AB These remarks will briefly summarize what we learn from the talks in this session, and add some more areas in Internet Measurement that may provide challenges for statisticians. It will also point out some reasons why statisticians may be interested in working in this area. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Cottrell, RL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERFACE FOUNDATION NORTH AMERICA PI FAIRFAX PA PO BOX 7460, FAIRFAX, VA 22039-7460 USA BN 1-886658-05-6 J9 COMP SCI STAT PY 1998 VL 30 BP 26 EP 28 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BN90B UT WOS:000083408300003 ER PT B AU Fedorov, V Flanagan, D Batsell, S AF Fedorov, V Flanagan, D Batsell, S BE Weisberg, S TI Optimal sampling in network performance evaluation SO DIMENSION REDUCTION, COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY AND INFORMATION SE COMPUTING SCIENCE AND STATISTICS (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Interface Between Computing Science and Statistics CY MAY 13-16, 1998 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Nat Security Agcy, Univ Minnesota, Coll Liberal Arts, SAS Inst Inc AB Unlike many other experiments, in meteorology and seismology for instance, monitoring measurements on communication networks are cheap and fast. Even the simplest measurement tools, which are usually some interrogating programs, can provide a huge amount of data at almost no expense. The problem is not decreasing the cost of measurements, but rather reducing the amount of stored data and the measurement and analysis time. We address the aproach that is based on the covariances between the measurements for various sites. The corresponding covariance matrix can be constructed either theoretically under some assumptions about the observed random processes, or can be estimated from some preliminary experiments. We compare the proposed algorithm with heuristic procedures that are used in in other monitoring problems. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Fedorov, V (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERFACE FOUNDATION NORTH AMERICA PI FAIRFAX PA PO BOX 7460, FAIRFAX, VA 22039-7460 USA BN 1-886658-05-6 J9 COMP SCI STAT PY 1998 VL 30 BP 354 EP 361 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BN90B UT WOS:000083408300061 ER PT B AU Chorin, AJ Kast, AP Kupferman, R AF Chorin, AJ Kast, AP Kupferman, R BE Weisberg, S TI Statistics of underresolved computations SO DIMENSION REDUCTION, COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY AND INFORMATION SE COMPUTING SCIENCE AND STATISTICS (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th Symposium on Interface Between Computing Science and Statistics CY MAY 13-16, 1998 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Nat Security Agcy, Univ Minnesota, Coll Liberal Arts, SAS Inst Inc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chorin, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERFACE FOUNDATION NORTH AMERICA PI FAIRFAX PA PO BOX 7460, FAIRFAX, VA 22039-7460 USA BN 1-886658-05-6 J9 COMP SCI STAT PY 1998 VL 30 BP 443 EP 443 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BN90B UT WOS:000083408300078 ER PT S AU Sweet, RM Skinner, JM Terwilliger, TC AF Sweet, RM Skinner, JM Terwilliger, TC BE Fortier, S TI Direct methods, and the use of synchrotron radiation for macromolecular crystallography SO DIRECT METHODS FOR SOLVING MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Direct Methods for Solving Macromolecular Structures CY MAY 22-JUN 02, 1997 CL ERICE, ITALY SP NATO, Sci Affairs Div, Brussels, Azienda Provinciale Turismo, Trapani, European Commiss, Direct Gen XII, Int Union Crystallog, Chester, UK, Off Cent & Eastern Europe, Brussels, Natl Sci Fdn, Washington, Merck & Co, Rahway, Silicon Graph Europe, Basel C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sweet, RM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Terwilliger, Thomas/K-4109-2012 OI Terwilliger, Thomas/0000-0001-6384-0320 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-4949-0 J9 NATO ADV SCI I C-MAT PY 1998 VL 507 BP 445 EP 450 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA BL21Z UT WOS:000074740800039 ER PT B AU Yu, J AF Yu, J CA CCFR NuTeV Collaborations BE Coremans, GH Roosen, R TI Recent QCD results in nu-N deep-inelastic-scattering at CCFR/NUTEV SO DIS 98, 6TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING AND QCD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD (DIS 98) CY APR 04-08, 1998 CL BRUSSELS FREE UNIV, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP DESY, Univ Libre Bruxelles, Vrije Univ Brussels HO BRUSSELS FREE UNIV ID POWER CORRECTIONS; NEUTRINO AB We present recent QCD results in nu-N scattering at the Fermilab CCFR/NuTeV experiments. We present the latest Next-to-Next-Leading order strong coupling constant, alpha(s), extracted from Gross-Llewellyn-Smith sum rule. The value of alpha(s) from this measurement, at the mass of Z boson, is alpha(s)(NNLO)(M-Z(2)) = 0.114 (+0.009)(-0.012) We also present a preliminary result of the CCFR F-2 at large-a. This measurement of F-2 is compared to other experiments and various models that provide nuclear effects. We discuss the previous strange sea quark measurement from the CCFR experiment and the prospects for improvements of the measurement in the NuTeV experiment. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yu, J (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3557-7 PY 1998 BP 121 EP 130 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM39P UT WOS:000078603400009 ER PT B AU Yu, JH AF Yu, JH BE Coremans, GH Roosen, R TI Precision measurement of sin(2) theta(w) from v-N scattering at NuTeV and direct measurements of M-W SO DIS 98, 6TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING AND QCD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD (DIS 98) CY APR 04-08, 1998 CL BRUSSELS FREE UNIV, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP DESY, Univ Libre Bruxelles, Vrije Univ Brussels HO BRUSSELS FREE UNIV ID MIXING ANGLE; NEUTRINO AB We present the preliminary result of sin(2) theta(W) from upsilon - N deep inelastic scattering experiment, NuTeV, at Fermilab. This measurement of sin(2) theta(W) comes from measuring the Paschos-Wolfenstein parameter R- = (sigma(NC)(upsilon) - sigma(NC)(<(upsilon)over bar>))/(sigma(CC)(upsilon) - sigma(CC)(<(upsilon)over bar>)), using separate beams of v and Ti, utiljaing the SSQT. The resulting value of sin(2) theta(W)((on-shell)) is 0.2253 +/- 0.0019(stat) +/- 0.0010(syst). This value is equivalent to the mass of the W boson, M-W = 80.26 +/- 0.11 GeV/c(2). We also summarize the direct measurements of M-W from the Tevatron (p) over bar p collider experiments, DO and CDF. Combining these two direct measurements yields M-W = 80.37+/-0.08GeV/c(2). C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yu, JH (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, MS309,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3557-7 PY 1998 BP 588 EP 599 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM39P UT WOS:000078603400107 ER PT B AU Yu, J AF Yu, J BE Coremans, GH Roosen, R TI DIS prospects at the future muon collider facility SO DIS 98, 6TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING AND QCD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD (DIS 98) CY APR 04-08, 1998 CL BRUSSELS FREE UNIV, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP DESY, Univ Libre Bruxelles, Vrije Univ Brussels HO BRUSSELS FREE UNIV AB We discuss prospects of deep inelastic scattering physics capabilities at the future muon collider facility. In addition to mu(+)mu(-) collider itself, the facility provides other possibilities. Among the possibilities, we present muon-proton collider and neutrino fixed target programs at the muon collider facility. This mu - p collider program extends kinematic reach and luminosity by an order of magnitude, increasing the possibility of search for new exotic particles. Perhaps most intriguing DIS prospects come from utilizing high intensity neutrino beam resulting from continuous decays of muons in various sections of the muon collider facility. One of the most interesting findings is a precision measurement of electroweak mixing angle, sin(2)theta(W), which can be achieved to the precision equivalent to delta M-W similar to 30MeV. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Yu, J (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, MS309,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3557-7 PY 1998 BP 711 EP 718 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM39P UT WOS:000078603400129 ER PT B AU Krakauer, D Repond, J Norem, J AF Krakauer, D Repond, J Norem, J BE Coremans, GH Roosen, R TI A root S=1 TeV ep collider at Fermilab SO DIS 98, 6TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING AND QCD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and QCD (DIS 98) CY APR 04-08, 1998 CL BRUSSELS FREE UNIV, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM SP DESY, Univ Libre Bruxelles, Vrije Univ Brussels HO BRUSSELS FREE UNIV AB One of the major projects being considered for future construction at Fermilab is a Very Large Hadron Collider (VLHC). This project will require a new High Energy Booster ring, 33 km in circumference, to provide 3 TeV proton beams for injection into the VLHC. Here we discuss the possibility to build an ep collider in the VLHC Booster tunnel. A LEP-like e(+/-) beam (83 GeV) would collide with one of the proton beams (3 TeV) to create a root s approximate to 1 TeV ep collider. Design groups at Argonne and Fermilab have established that it is feasible to build electron injection at the infrastructure, and provide a machine with luminosity exceeding 10(32) cm(-2) s(-1). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Krakauer, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3557-7 PY 1998 BP 719 EP 722 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM39P UT WOS:000078603400130 ER PT J AU Freitas, EM Zhang, WJ Lalonde, JP Tay, GK Gaudieri, S Ashworth, LK Van Bockxmeer, FM Dawkins, RL AF Freitas, EM Zhang, WJ Lalonde, JP Tay, GK Gaudieri, S Ashworth, LK Van Bockxmeer, FM Dawkins, RL TI Sequencing of 42kb of the APO E-C2 gene cluster reveals a new gene: PEREC1 SO DNA SEQUENCE LA English DT Article ID APOLIPOPROTEIN-E POLYMORPHISM; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MULTIGENE FAMILY; DNA; EVOLUTION; MHC; IDENTIFICATION; DUPLICATION; ALIGNMENT; DISEASE AB Through the sequencing of a 42kb cosmid clone we describe a new gene, designated PEREC1, located approximately 1.5kb centromeric of the human apolipoprotein (APO) E-C2 cluster. The combination of dotplot analysis, predicted coding potential and interrogation of the Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) database determined the genomic organisation of PEREC1. Sequence alignment with multiple overlapping ESTs confirmed the predicted splice sites. The predicted cDNA and amino acid sequences of PEREC1 have extensive similarity to the Caenorhabditis elegans protein, C18E9.6. Conserved structural and functional motifs have been defined by combining nucleotide and amino acid analyses to identify third base degeneracy and therefore selection at the protein level. The Poliovirus Receptor Related Protein2 gene (PRR2), previously mapped to chromosome 19q13.2 by Fluorescent In-Situ Hybridisation, has also been located approximately 17kb centromeric of APO E. C1 Univ Western Australia, Ctr Mol Immunol & Instrumentat, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Livermore, CA USA. RP Dawkins, RL (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Ctr Mol Immunol & Instrumentat, POB 507, Subiaco, WA 6008, Australia. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1042-5179 J9 DNA SEQUENCE JI DNA Seq. PY 1998 VL 9 IS 2 BP 89 EP + DI 10.3109/10425179809086433 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 194AB UT WOS:000080169000003 PM 10520737 ER PT J AU Qu, XY Hauptschein, RS Rzhetsky, A Scotto, L Chien, MC Ye, XL Frigeri, F Rao, PH Pasqualucci, L Gamberi, B Deaven, LL Zhang, PS Chaganti, RSK Dalla-Favera, R Russo, JJ AF Qu, XY Hauptschein, RS Rzhetsky, A Scotto, L Chien, MC Ye, XL Frigeri, F Rao, PH Pasqualucci, L Gamberi, B Deaven, LL Zhang, PS Chaganti, RSK Dalla-Favera, R Russo, JJ TI Analysis of a 69-kb contiguous genomic sequence at a putative tumor suppressor gene locus on human chromosome 6q27 SO DNA SEQUENCE LA English DT Article DE exon trapping; sequence annotation; shotgun sequencing; 6q27; tumor suppressor gene ID EPITHELIAL OVARIAN-CANCER; HUMAN-BREAST-CARCINOMA; 2 DISTINCT REGIONS; DISTAL LONG ARM; DNA-SEQUENCES; CPG ISLANDS; EXON AMPLIFICATION; ALLELIC IMBALANCE; COMPLEX SOURCES; FREQUENT LOSS AB Multiple neoplasias including B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, breast carcinoma, and ovarian carcinoma, have been associated with frequent deletions of the distal region on the long arm of human chromosome 6, suggesting the presence of one or more tumor suppressor gene(s) at this locus. Loss of heterozygosity analysis of breast and ovarian tumors has further restricted the minimal region of loss within 6q27. To further characterize this genomic region for gene content including putative tumor suppressor genes as well as other elements that may contribute to tumorigenesis, a 68940-bp contiguous sequence, encompassing markers D6S193 and D6S297, was generated by random shotgun sequencing of a cosmid, P1, and PAC contig. In addition, exon trapping was performed utilizing a subset of these clones. Sixteen trapped exons, ranging in size from 44 to 399 bp, span this approximately 69-kb region. Many other putative exons have been identified computationally. Further analysis has identified 13 potential promoters and 13 putative polyadenylation sites in the region, Northern analysis identified a transcript mapping within this interval that is expressed in ovarian, breast, and lymphoid-derived tumor cell lines. Consideration of these data, together with the demonstration of several regions of high CpG content, suggests the possibility of several genes at this locus. C1 Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Columbia Genome Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pathol, Div Oncol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Genet & Dev, New York, NY 10032 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Cell Biol Program, New York, NY 10021 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Human Genet, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Russo, JJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Columbia Genome Ctr, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. RI rzhetsky, andrey/B-6118-2012 NR 74 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1042-5179 J9 DNA SEQUENCE JI DNA Seq. PY 1998 VL 9 IS 4 BP 189 EP 204 DI 10.3109/10425179809105206 PG 16 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 194AF UT WOS:000080169400001 PM 10520750 ER PT J AU Shannon, M Kim, J Ashworth, L Branscomb, E Stubbs, L AF Shannon, M Kim, J Ashworth, L Branscomb, E Stubbs, L TI Tandem zinc-finger gene families in mammals: Insights and unanswered questions SO DNA SEQUENCE LA English DT Article DE review; zinc finger proteins; gene clusters; mammals; evolution ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-IIIA; HUMAN-CHROMOSOME 19Q; BINDING DOMAINS; PROTEINS; REPRESSION; KRUPPEL; EVOLUTION; MAP; DNA; SUBFAMILY AB Evidence for the remarkable conservation of mammalian genomes, in both content and organization of resident genes, is rapidly emerging from comparative mapping studies. The frequent occurrence of familial gene clustering, presumably reflecting a history of tandem in situ duplications starting from a single ancestral gene, is also apparent from these analyses. Genes encoding Kruppel-type zinc-finger (ZNF) proteins, including those containing Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) motifs, are particularly prone to such clustered organization. Existing data suggest that genes in KRAB-ZNF gene clusters have diverged in sequence and expression patterns, possibly yielding families of proteins with distinct, yet related, functions. Comparative mapping studies indicate that at least some of the genes within these clusters in mammals were elaborated prior to the divergence of mammalian orders and, subsequently, have been conserved. These data suggest a possible role for these tandem KRAB-ZNF gene families in mammalian evolution. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Shannon, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Stubbs, Lisa/0000-0002-9556-1972 NR 59 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1042-5179 J9 DNA SEQUENCE JI DNA Seq. PY 1998 VL 8 IS 5 BP 303 EP 315 DI 10.3109/10425179809034075 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 232RW UT WOS:000082384600003 PM 10993601 ER PT B AU Quinn, NWT AF Quinn, NWT BE Brown, LC TI Innovative selenium load reduction strategies for agricultural drainage in the western San Joaquin Valley, California. SO DRAINAGE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: FOOD PRODUCTION AND THE ENVIRONMENT: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH INTERNATIONAL DRAINAGE SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Drainage Symposium on Drainage in the 21st Century - Food Production and the Environment CY MAR 08-10, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Amer Soc Agr Engineers, Amer Water Resources Assoc, Canadian Soc Agr Engn, Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe Assoc, Crop Sci Soc Amer, Soil & Water Conservat Soc, Soil Sci Soc Amer DE selenium; environmental compliance; source control; drainage policy AB The Grasslands Bypass Project in the western San Joaquin Valley of California was conceived as a means of diverting selenium contaminated agricultural drainage water around a 32,000 ha. wetland complex prior to discharge to the San Joaquin River. Use of a federally owned conveyance facility, the San Luis Drain, by the project proponents was made contingent on compliance with strict monthly and annual selenium load targets and the formation of a regional drainage management authority. The monthly and annual load targets for the 39,400 ha, drainage service area were established through a negotiated process by State and Federal Agencies and by prominent environmental groups involved in the project. Fines of up to $250,000 am to levied for annual selenium loads that exceed an annual load limit of 3000 kg by more than 20%. This program, in which non-point source dischargers accept responsibility for the mass loading to a receiving water of a naturally occurring trace element such as selenium, is unprecedented in California. To meet load targets and avoid financial penalties, local farmers and water districts have implemented the most aggressive source control and drainage management program ever conceived in the Central Valley Project. This paper describes some of the institutional and field level innovations that have resulted from the Grasslands Bypass Project and the results of selenium drainage load reduction efforts to date. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Quinn, NWT (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGR ENGINEERS PI ST JOSEPH PA 2950 NILES RD, ST JOSEPH, MI 49085-9659 USA BN 0-929355-90-3 PY 1998 BP 36 EP 52 PG 17 WC Agronomy; Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Agriculture; Engineering; Water Resources GA BK85Y UT WOS:000073679900005 ER PT J AU Fort, DJ Stover, EL Bantle, JA Rayburn, JR Hull, MA Finch, RA Burton, DT Turley, SD Dawson, DA Linder, G Buchwalter, D Kumsher-King, M Gaudet-Hull, AM AF Fort, DJ Stover, EL Bantle, JA Rayburn, JR Hull, MA Finch, RA Burton, DT Turley, SD Dawson, DA Linder, G Buchwalter, D Kumsher-King, M Gaudet-Hull, AM CA Stover Grp TI Phase III interlaboratory study of FETAX, part 2: Interlaboratory validation of an exogenous metabolic activation system for Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay - Xenopus (FETAX) SO DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INDUCED DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; PREGNANCY; 4-KETOCYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; COFFEE AB Interlaboratory validation of an exogenous metabolic activation system (MAS) developed for the alternative, short-term developmental toxicity bioassay, Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay - Xenopus (FETAX) was performed with cyclophosphamide and caffeine. Seven study groups within six separate laboratories participated in the study in which three definitive concentration-response experiments were performed with and without the MAS in a side-by-side format for each chemical. Since both chemicals had been previously tested in FETAX, the test concentration were provided to each laboratory prior to testing. Interlaboratory coefficient of variation (CV) values for unactivated cyclophosphamide (no MAS) were 15%, 15%, 29%, and 25% for the 96-hr LC50, 96-hr EC50 (malformation), Minimum Concentration to Inhibit Growth (MCIG), and Teratogenic Index (TI) values respectively. Addition of the MAS increased the CV values of each endpoint at least 3.9-fold. Interlaboratory CV values for inactivated caffeine were 31%, 18%, 31%, and 46% for the 96-hr LC50, 96-hr EC50 (malformation), MCIG, and TI values respectively, Addition of the MAS decreased the CV values of each respective endpoint by at least 1.6-fold. Results indicated that bioactivated toxicants may be prone to greater variability in response amongst laboratories than compounds; which are detoxified. Even though more variability was noted with activated cyclophosphamide, results were within interlaboratory variation expected for other aquatic-based bioassays. Thus, results from these studies warrant the continued use and further refinement of FETAX for alternative developmental toxicity assessment. C1 Stover Grp, Stillwater, OK USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Zool, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Provis, Frederick, MD USA. Wye Res & Educ Ctr, Queenstown, MD USA. Ashland Univ, Dept Biol & Toxicol, Ashland, OH USA. ManTech Environm Res Lab, Corvallis, OR USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res Provis, Geocenters Inc, Frederick, MD USA. RP Fort, DJ (reprint author), POB 2056, Stillwater, OK 74076 USA. NR 37 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0148-0545 J9 DRUG CHEM TOXICOL JI Drug Chem. Toxicol. PY 1998 VL 21 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.3109/01480549809017846 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA ZB045 UT WOS:000072429300001 PM 9530526 ER PT J AU Ames, BN Gold, LS AF Ames, BN Gold, LS TI The prevention of cancer SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS; CELL-PROLIFERATION; HEPATOCELLULAR PROLIFERATION; RODENT CARCINOGENS; UNITED-STATES; DNA DAMAGE; HEPATOCARCINOGEN OXAZEPAM; MUTAGENIC NONCARCINOGENS; HEMATOLOGICAL FINDINGS; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ames, BN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 111 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 1998 VL 30 IS 2 BP 201 EP 223 DI 10.3109/03602539808996309 PG 23 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ZN147 UT WOS:000073614600001 PM 9606601 ER PT J AU Gold, LS Slone, TH Ames, BN AF Gold, LS Slone, TH Ames, BN TI What do animal cancer tests tell us about human cancer risk? Overview of analyses of the carcinogenic potency database SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID RODENT CARCINOGENS; SALMONELLA-TYPHIMURIUM; DEGENERATIVE DISEASES; CELL-PROLIFERATION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; TARGET ORGANS; TOTAL DIET; CHEMICALS; BIOASSAYS; PESTICIDES C1 EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Biochem & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gold, LS (reprint author), EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Mail Stop Barker, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ESO1896] NR 121 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 9 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 1998 VL 30 IS 2 BP 359 EP 404 DI 10.3109/03602539808996318 PG 46 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA ZN147 UT WOS:000073614600009 PM 9606609 ER PT J AU Crepeau, JC Reese, S McIlroy, HM Lords, RE AF Crepeau, JC Reese, S McIlroy, HM Lords, RE TI Drying of mock spent nuclear fuel elements SO DRYING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE drying corrosion products; sludge drying; treatment of spent nuclear fuel ID D NEEDS AB Spent nuclear fuel elements are stored in underwater cooling pools until the elements can be safely handled and prepared for interim dry storage. The fuel was intended for short-term storage in water before it was to be reprocessed. However, the fuel will no longer be reprocessed, and extended storage in water has caused many of the aluminum-clad elements to degrade, exposing the uranium fuel. In addition, sludge, comprised of corroded aluminum and sediment, has accumulated in and around the fuel plates. The water in the sludge must be removed before the spent fuel elements can be placed in dry storage. Experiments have been performed on mock spent fuel elements with simulated corrosion product applied between the plates. A series of vacuum and heating cycles were used to dry the elements, and a mixture of clay and aluminum oxide was used to simulate corrosion products on the elements. The procedures used in the experiments were determined to be adequate to dry the mock spent fuel elements, and the temperature behavior of the simulated corrosion product within the fuel elements could be used to determine when the element was dry. On plates where areas of wet simulant were found, a sharp drying front was observed that separated the wet and dry parts of the simulated corrosion product. The drying front propagated inward towards the center of the mock fuel elements over time. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Engn Mech, Idaho Falls, ID 83405 USA. Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Co, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Crepeau, JC (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Engn Mech, POB 50778, Idaho Falls, ID 83405 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0737-3937 J9 DRY TECHNOL JI Dry. Technol. PY 1998 VL 16 IS 3-5 BP 545 EP 560 DI 10.1080/07373939808917423 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA ZM033 UT WOS:000073498000008 ER PT S AU Pynn, R Azuah, RT Stirling, WG Kulda, J AF Pynn, R Azuah, RT Stirling, WG Kulda, J BE Skjeltorp, AT Sherrington, D TI Low energy spin excitations in chromium metal SO DYNAMICAL PROPERTIES OF UNCONVENTIONAL MAGNETIC SYSTEMS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Dynamical Properties of Unconventional Magnetic Systems CY APR 02-12, 1997 CL GEILO, NORWAY SP N Atlantic Treaty Org AB Neutron scattering experiments with full polarization analysis have been performed with a single crystal of chromium to study the low-energy spin fluctuations in the transverse spin density wave (TSDW) state. A number of remarkable results have been found. Inelastic scattering observed close to the TSDW satellite positions at (1+/-delta,0,0) does not behave as expected for magnon scattering. In particular, the scattering corresponds to almost equally strong magnetization fluctuations both parallel and perpendicular to the ordered moments of the TSDW phase. As the Neel temperature is approached from below, scattering at the commensurate wavevector(1,0,0) increases in intensity as a result of critical scattering at "silent" satellites (1,0,+/-delta) being included within the spectrometer resolution function. This effect, first observed by Sternlieb et al, does not account for all of the inelastic scattering around the (1,0,0) position, however. Rather, there are further collective excitations, apparently emanating from the TSDW satellites, which correspond to magnetic fluctuations parallel to the ordered TSDW moments. These branches have a group velocity that is close to that of (1,0,0) longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons, but assigning their origin to magneto-elastic scattering raises other unanswered questions. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Pynn, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 0-7923-5086-3 J9 NATO ADV SCI I E-APP PY 1998 VL 349 BP 267 EP 280 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL71R UT WOS:000076426700012 ER PT J AU Swarztrauber, PN Williamson, DL Drake, JB AF Swarztrauber, PN Williamson, DL Drake, JB TI The Cartesian method for solving partial differential equations in spherical geometry SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL-INTEGRATION; MODEL AB Cartesian coordinates are used to solve the nonlinear shallow-water equations on the sphere. The two-dimensional equations, in spherical coordinates, are first embedded in a three-dimensional system in a manner that preserves solutions of the two-dimensional system. That is, solutions of the three-dimensional system, with appropriate initial conditions, also solve the two-dimensional system on the surface of the sphere. The higher dimensional system is then transformed to Cartesian coordinates, Computations are limited to the surface of the sphere by projecting the equations, gradients, and solution onto the surface. The projected gradients are approximated by a weighted sum of function values on a neighboring stencil. The weights are determined by collocation using the spherical harmonics in trivariate polynomial form. That is, the weights are computed from the requirement that the projected gradients are near exact for a small set of spherical harmonics. The method is applicable to any distribution of points and two test cases are implemented on an icosahedral geodesic grid. The method is both vectorizable and parallelizable. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Swarztrauber, PN (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD JAN PY 1998 VL 27 IS 1-4 BP 679 EP 706 DI 10.1016/S0377-0265(97)00038-9 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA YV598 UT WOS:000071842700038 ER PT J AU Templeton, AS Chamberlain, CP Koons, PO Craw, D AF Templeton, AS Chamberlain, CP Koons, PO Craw, D TI Stable isotopic evidence for mixing between metamorphic fluids and surface-derived waters during recent uplift of the Southern Alps, New Zealand SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE stable isotopes; hydrothermal conditions; basins; Southern Alps; New Zealand ID ALPINE FAULT; GOLD MINERALIZATION; ZONE; SCHIST; CARBONATES; DIAGENESIS; TECTONICS; WESTLAND; GENESIS; ISLAND AB Recent studies have shown that the Southern Alps of New Zealand have active hydrothermal systems driven by tectonic uplift. These studies have concentrated on the rapidly exhumed reeks immediately adjacent to the Alpine Fault. We present new stable isotopic evidence that shows that fluid flow and fluid mixing processes thought to be restricted to rocks near the Alpine Fault also occurred in the low-uplift rate region of the Southern Alps orogen during the Kaikouran orogeny (10 Ma to present). Low delta(18)O(calcite) values of post-metamorphic veins in the eastern Southern Alps indicate that meteoric waters have penetrated to hot, midcrustal levels (350-300 degrees C, > 5 km depth) and mixed with metamorphic fluids in areas far removed from the Alpine Fault. In addition, the isotopic values of calcites precipitated in active faults in the MacKenzie basin define a trend of increasing delta(18)O, decreasing delta(13)C and decreasing temperature and form an isotopic mixing line between fault and vein calcites crosscutting metamorphic rocks and authigenic calcites precipitated in MacKenzie basin sediments. The isotope data indicate a second phase of mixing between a modified metamorphic fluid and a surficial diagenetic fluid at shallow depths, We suggest that mixed metamorphic-meteoric hydrothermal systems have developed in the east side of the Southern Alps during uplift and that active faults have played a critical role in transporting metamorphic fluids outward from the mountain front and into the adjacent intermontane basins. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Otago, Dept Geol, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Templeton, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MS 70A-3363,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM alexis@ux5.lbl.gov; page.chamberlain@darthmouth.edu OI TEMPLETON, ALEXIS/0000-0002-9670-0647 NR 46 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 154 IS 1-4 BP 73 EP 92 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00143-X PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ZD710 UT WOS:000072715700006 ER PT J AU Leland, J Reid, MR Burbank, DW Finkel, R Caffee, M AF Leland, J Reid, MR Burbank, DW Finkel, R Caffee, M TI Incision and differential bedrock uplift along the Indus River near Nanga Parbat, Pakistan Himalaya, from Be-10 and Al-26 exposure age dating of bedrock straths SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Indus River; erosion rates; exposure age; Be-10; Al-26; uplifts ID RAPID DENUDATION; METEOR CRATER; SANTA-CRUZ; METAMORPHISM; CALIFORNIA; EVOLUTION; PROFILES; ARIZONA; MASSIF; ARC AB Well preserved, river-cut bedrock surfaces (straths) abandoned by the progressive incision of the Indus River in northern Pakistan were dated using in situ cosmogenic Be-10 and Al-26 exposure age dating. Measurements on young and modern straths show no significant ingrowth of Be-10 and Al-26, implying that strath exposure ages closely approximate their abandonment age. Strath exposure ages range up to 65 ka and increase with height above the river. The straths can be divided into two groups: low straths dated at about 7 ka, which yield very rapid bedrock incision rates (9-12 m/ka), and high straths > 7 ka in age, which yield somewhat slower incision rates (1-6 m/ka). Incision rates for both groups increase by similar to 1-3 m/ka downstream toward an active reverse fault, the Raikot fault, that forms the western border of the Nanga Parbat-Haramosh massif (NPHM). The downstream increases in incision rates for the low straths mimic downstream increases in the modem gradient, suggesting that bedrock incision rates have been proportional to stream power over the last 7 ka. Gradient increases are probably the result of the creation of knickpoints by bedrock uplift along the Raikot fault. The longitudinal profile and steep gorge of the Indus River in the study area indicate that bedrock incision appears to keep pace with differential vertical motions between the NPHM and surrounding regions. Thus, the 1-3 m/ka difference in incision rates likely reflects the differential bedrock uplift rate between the NPHM and the Skardu Basin. The differential incision rate is consistent with differential exhumation rates obtained from apatite fission track ages assuming geotherms of less than or equal to 80-90 degrees C/km in the NPHM and 35 degrees C/km in the Skardu Basin. This relation suggests that rapid bedrock incision of at least 1-3 m/ka has persisted within the NPHM for the last 0.5 Ma. The acceleration of incision rates throughout the study area since 15 ka is likely to be a climatic signal that records an increase in the discharge and/or sediment load of the Indus River in the study area related to deglaciation of the surrounding terrane. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, WM Keck Fdn, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Earth Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Leland, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, WM Keck Fdn, Ctr Isotope Geochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Caffee, Marc/K-7025-2015 OI Caffee, Marc/0000-0002-6846-8967 NR 34 TC 85 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 154 IS 1-4 BP 93 EP 107 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00171-4 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ZD710 UT WOS:000072715700007 ER PT S AU Henson, T Bender, S Byrd, D Rappoport, W Shen, GY AF Henson, T Bender, S Byrd, D Rappoport, W Shen, GY BE Barnes, WL TI Optical assembly of a visible through thermal infrared multispectral imaging system SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT SPIE Conference on Earth Observing Systems III CY JUL 19-21, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE DE multispectral; optical; calibration; telescope; mirror; space; earth; observing; imaging; WFOV AB The Optical Assembly (OA) for the Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) program has been fabricated, assembled, and successfully tested for its performance. It represents a major milestone achieved towards completion of this earth observing E-O imaging sensor that is to be operated in low earth orbit. Along with its wide field of view (WFOV), 1.82 degrees along-track and 1.38 degrees cross-track, and comprehensive on-board calibration system, the pushbroom imaging sensor employs a single mechanically cooled focal plane with 15 spectral bands covering a wavelength range from 0.45 to 10.7 mu m. The OA has an off-axis three-mirror anastigmatic (TMA) telescope with a 36-cm unobscured clear aperture. The two key performance criteria, 80% enpixeled energy in the visible and radiometric stability of 1% 1 sigma in the visible/near-infrared (VNIR) and short wavelength infrared (SWIR), of 1.45% 1 sigma in the medium wavelength infrared (MWIR), and of 0.53% to long wavelength infrared (LWIR), as well as its low weight (less than 49 kg) and volume constraint (89 cm x 44 cm x 127 cm) drive the overall design configuration of the OA and fabrication requirements. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Henson, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2894-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3439 BP 70 EP 78 DI 10.1117/12.325614 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL85V UT WOS:000076961700008 ER PT B AU Webb, E Borison, A Evans, M Hunter, R Jones, H Kaplan, P AF Webb, E Borison, A Evans, M Hunter, R Jones, H Kaplan, P BE Reinert, KH Bartell, SM Biddinger, GR TI Design of an ecological risk assessment decision-support system SO ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEM: A CONCEPTUAL DESIGN SE SETAC SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pellston Workshop on Ecological Risk Assessment Modeling CY AUG 23-28, 1994 CL PELLSTON, MI SP Soc Environm Toxicol & Chem C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Webb, E (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501 USA BN 1-880611-11-2 J9 SETAC SP P PY 1998 BP 45 EP 61 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Ecology SC Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK99F UT WOS:000074021200007 ER PT B AU Flesner, R Dell'Orco, PC Spontarelli, T Bishop, RL Skidmore, CB Uher, K Kramer, JF AF Flesner, R Dell'Orco, PC Spontarelli, T Bishop, RL Skidmore, CB Uher, K Kramer, JF BE Holm, FW TI Pilot-scale base hydrolysis processing of HMX-based plastic-bonded explosives SO EFFLUENTS FROM ALTERNATIVE DEMILITARIZATION TECHNOLOGIES SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Effluents from Alternative Demilitarization Technologies CY OCT 13-15, 1997 CL PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC SP NATO AB Los Alamos National Laboratory has demonstrated that many energetic materials can be rendered non-energetic via reaction with sodium hydroxide or ammonia. This process is known as base hydrolysis. A pilot scale reactor has been developed to process up to 20 kg of plastic bonded explosive in a single batch operation. In this report, we discuss the design and operation of the pilot scale reactor for the processing of PBX 9404, a standard Department of Energy plastic bonded explosive containing HMX and nitrocellulose. Products from base hydrolysis, although non-energetic, still require additional processing before release to the environment. Decomposition products, destruction efficiencies, and rates of reaction for base hydrolysis will be presented. Hydrothermal processing, previously known as supercritical water oxidation, has been proposed for converting organic products from hydrolysis to carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and nitrous oxide. Base hydrolysis in combination with hydrothermal processing may yield a viable alternative to open burning/open detonation for destruction of many energetic materials. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, HE Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Flesner, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, HE Sci & Technol, POB 1663,M-S C920, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5253-X J9 NATO SCI S 1 DISARM PY 1998 VL 22 BP 35 EP 45 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM14V UT WOS:000077804000005 ER PT S AU Shi, XB Li, DQ Lutt, M Fitzsimmons, MR Van Patten, GP AF Shi, XB Li, DQ Lutt, M Fitzsimmons, MR Van Patten, GP BE Reynolds, JR Jen, AKY Rubner, MF Chiang, LY Dalton, LR TI Self-assembled multilayers and photoluminescence properties of a new water-soluble poly(para-phenylene) SO ELECTRICAL, OPTICAL, AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC SOLID-STATE MATERIALS IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrical, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Organic Solid-State Materials IV CY DEC 01-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Int Specialty Prod, Natl Taiwan Univ, Taiwan Four Pillars, Taiwan President Enterprises, United Microelectr Corp AB This paper reports the synthesis and characterizations of a new water-soluble poly(paraphenylene) (PPP) and its applications in preparing self-assembled multi-layer films. This new water-soluble conducting polymer was prepared through the sulfonation reaction of poly(p-quarterphenylene-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid). The incorporation of sulfonate groups has dramatically improved PPP's solubility in water at a wide pH range, whereas previous PPP is only slightly soluble in basic solutions. Dilute aqueous solutions of this polymer with acidic, neutral or basic pH emit brilliant blue light while irradiated with UV light. The sulfonated PPP emits from 350 nm to 455 nm with a maximum intensity at 380 nm. Self-assembled multilayers of this sulfonated PPP were constructed with a positively charged polymer poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) and characterized with various surface analyses. Conductive (RuO2 and ITO), semiconductive (Si wafer), and non-conductive (SiO2) substrates were used in the preparation of self-assembled multilayers. Electrical, optical and structural properties of these novel self-assembled thin films will be discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div CST4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Shi, XB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div CST4, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-393-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 488 BP 133 EP 138 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BL06U UT WOS:000074149700019 ER PT S AU Kohlman, R Klimov, V Shi, X Grigorova, M Mattes, BR McBranch, D Wang, H Wudl, F Nogues, JL Moreshead, W AF Kohlman, R Klimov, V Shi, X Grigorova, M Mattes, BR McBranch, D Wang, H Wudl, F Nogues, JL Moreshead, W BE Reynolds, JR Jen, AKY Rubner, MF Chiang, LY Dalton, LR TI Optical limiting processes in derivatized fullerenes and porphyrins/phthalocyanines SO ELECTRICAL, OPTICAL, AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC SOLID-STATE MATERIALS IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrical, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Organic Solid-State Materials IV CY DEC 01-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Int Specialty Prod, Natl Taiwan Univ, Taiwan Four Pillars, Taiwan President Enterprises, United Microelectr Corp AB We review our results from spectral studies of the ultrafast excited-state absorption in fullerenes and derivatized fullerenes. These results allow determination of both the spectral response of reverse saturable absorption (RSA) nonlinearities such as optical limiting (OL) in fullerenes, and the dynamical response for different morphologies. We have investigated the effects of thin film and various sol-gel glass environments on the nanosecond OL and femtosecond dynamics of derivatized fullerenes. These data provide evidence of decay pathways which compete with the intersystem crossing to a triplet from the initial singlet states. With appropriate processing, however, the OL response of derivatized-fullerene sol-gel glasses can be enhanced to approach that of the same molecule in solution, while significantly enhancing the optical damage threshold. The optical limiting of these derivatized fullerenes is compared with that of various porphyrin and phthalocyanine molecules. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kohlman, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-393-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 488 BP 237 EP 242 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BL06U UT WOS:000074149700031 ER PT S AU Li, DQ Lutt, M Shi, XB Fitzsimmons, MR AF Li, DQ Lutt, M Shi, XB Fitzsimmons, MR BE Reynolds, JR Jen, AKY Rubner, MF Chiang, LY Dalton, LR TI Multilayer self-assemblies as electronic and optical materials SO ELECTRICAL, OPTICAL, AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC SOLID-STATE MATERIALS IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrical, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Organic Solid-State Materials IV CY DEC 01-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Int Specialty Prod, Natl Taiwan Univ, Taiwan Four Pillars, Taiwan President Enterprises, United Microelectr Corp AB The layer-by-layer growth of film structures consisting of sequential depositions of oppositely charged polymers and macrocycles (ring-shaped molecules) have been constructed using molecular self-assembly techniques. These self-assembled thin films were characterized with X-ray reflectometry, which yielded (1) the average electron density, (2) the average thicknesses, and (3) the roughness of the growth surface of the self-assembled multilayer of macrocycles and polymers. These observations suggest that inorganic-organic interactions play an important role during the initial stages of thin-film growth, but less so as the thin film becomes thicker. Optical absorption techniques were also used to characterize the self-assembled multilayers. Phorphyrin and phthalocyanine derivatives were chosen as the building blocks of the self-assembled multilayers because of their interesting optical properties. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div CST4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, DQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div CST4, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-393-2 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 488 BP 401 EP 406 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Applied; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BL06U UT WOS:000074149700052 ER PT S AU Modine, FA AF Modine, FA BE Gerhardt, RA Alim, MA Taylor, SR TI Time domain response of electrical ceramics - Micro to megaseconds SO ELECTRICALLY BASED MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrically Based Microstructural Characterization II, at the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Hewlett Packard, Keithley Instruments, Solartron Instruments AB The electrical properties of ceramics can be measured in either the time domain or in the frequency domain. But for electrically nonlinear ceramics such as varistors, time-domain measurements provide insights that are different and more relevant to material performance as well as being more physically incisive. This article focuses specifically on the electrical properties of ZnO varistors, but much of it is of relevance for other materials, in particular those materials with grain-boundary barriers and disordered ceramics or glasses. The interpretation of electrical measurements in the time domain is profoundly influenced by such practical matters as source impedance and waveform. characteristics. Experimental results are presented for both high and low source impedance relative to that of a test varistor, and the difference in experimental difficulty and ease of interpretation is described. Time-domain measurements of capacitance and of the inductive response of varistors to large, fast electrical pulses are presented and their implications for varistor theory are given. Experimental evidence is given of short- and long-term memory in varistors. These memory phenomena are ascribed respectively to the life time of holes that become trapped in barriers and to polarization currents originating from deep electron traps. Polarization current measurements are presented for a wide range of time and temperature. The power-law time dependence and "universal" behavior of these currents is discussed. The exponent that describes the power law behavior is seen to change with temperature, and the change is interpreted as a double transition from diffusive to dispersive transport that originates with current from two different electron traps. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Modine, FA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-405-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 500 BP 203 EP 212 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM01T UT WOS:000077429500030 ER PT S AU Wang, JC AF Wang, JC BE Gerhardt, RA Alim, MA Taylor, SR TI Non-debye and CPA behaviors of ionic materials SO ELECTRICALLY BASED MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrically Based Microstructural Characterization II, at the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Hewlett Packard, Keithley Instruments, Solartron Instruments AB Non-Debye and constant-phase-angle (CPA) behaviors associated with the bulk and interfacial processes involving ionic materials are discussed in terms of complex impedance, admittance, and dielectric spectra. The yielding of a CPA and/or a broad non-Debye dielectric loss peak in a spectrum from fractal, pore, and ion-hopping models are compared and reviewed. The observed wide frequency ranges of the CPA behavior suggest that the fractal and pore models, which require a wide range of special structures down to very fine scales, may not be realistic. The ion-hopping model treats the bulk and interfacial processes as a chemical reaction having a thermally-activated Arrhenius form. Because of thermal fluctuations, the activation energies for ion hopping (e.g., in a potential double-well) have a double-exponential distribution which yields a non-Debye dielectric loss peak and a CPA spectrum over a wide frequency range above the loss peak. The distribution also has a special temperature dependence which may explain the invariance of dielectric spectral shapes with temperature, an observation by Joscher. The construction of CPA elements (in a generalized Warburg impedance form) using three distinct types of resistor-capacitor networks are presented and used to aid the discussion. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wang, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-405-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 500 BP 261 EP 272 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM01T UT WOS:000077429500036 ER PT S AU Sundaram, SK AF Sundaram, SK BE Gerhardt, RA Alim, MA Taylor, SR TI Electrochemical corrosion of electrodes in a simulated nuclear waste glass melt SO ELECTRICALLY BASED MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Electrically Based Microstructural Characterization II, at the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, Hewlett Packard, Keithley Instruments, Solartron Instruments AB Corrosion of potential candidate electrode materials, molybdenum and tantalum, in a simulated nuclear waste glass melt was investigated using electrochemical (dc-powered) and non-powered tests. Electrochemical corrosion data showed that tantalum was more corrosion-resistant than molybdenum in this melt. Tantalum also showed passivation. The non-powered test data showed that tantalum corroded more than molybdenum. This was attributed to penetration of protective passivation layer at the tantalum-glass interface by the glass melt. Microstructural features and chemistry across selected electrode-glass interfacial regions supported these results. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sundaram, SK (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-405-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 500 BP 309 EP 314 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Composites SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BM01T UT WOS:000077429500042 ER PT S AU Grace, KM Shrouf, K Honkanen, S Ayras, P Katila, P Leppihalme, M Johnston, RG Yang, X Swanson, BI Peyghambarian, N AF Grace, KM Shrouf, K Honkanen, S Ayras, P Katila, P Leppihalme, M Johnston, RG Yang, X Swanson, BI Peyghambarian, N BE Fallahi, M Howden, E TI Real time chemical detection using species selective thin films and waveguide Zeeman interferometry SO ELECTRO-OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOTE CHEMICAL DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Electro-Optical Technology for Remote Chemical Detection and Identification III CY APR 13, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE chemical sensors; evanescent field sensing; waveguide interferometry AB We present a chemical sensor scheme based on selective sensing surfaces and highly sensitive integrated optical transduction methods. Using self-assembly techniques, species selective thin-films are covalently attached to the surface of Si3N4 channel waveguides to produce robust sensor elements. Exposure to targeted analytes results in the selective absorption of these molecules onto the waveguide surface causing a change in the effective refractive index of the guided modes. These relative changes in effective refractive index between TE and TM modes are precisely measured using Zeeman interferometry. Our measurements demonstrate reversible, real time sensing of volatile organic compounds at ppm levels. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Grace, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2832-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3383 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.1117/12.317646 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL67X UT WOS:000076298700003 ER PT S AU Thompson, DC Busch, GE Hewitt, CJ Remelius, DK Shimada, T Strauss, CEM Wilson, CW AF Thompson, DC Busch, GE Hewitt, CJ Remelius, DK Shimada, T Strauss, CEM Wilson, CW BE Fallahi, M Howden, E TI Acousto-optically tuned isotopic CO2 lasers for long-range differential absorption LIDAR SO ELECTRO-OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOTE CHEMICAL DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Electro-Optical Technology for Remote Chemical Detection and Identification III CY APR 13, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE LIDAR; DIAL; CO2 laser; acousto-optic; laser tuning; isotopic AB We are developing 2-100 kHz repetition rate CO2 lasers with milliJoule pulse energies, rapid acousto-optic tuning and isotopic gas mixes, for Differential Absorption LIDAR (DIAL) applications. We explain the tuning method, which uses a pair of acousto-optic modulators and is capable of random access to CO, laser lines at rates of 100 kHz or more. The laser system is also described, and we report on performance with both normal and isotopic gas mixes. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Thompson, DC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E548, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2832-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3383 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.1117/12.317647 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL67X UT WOS:000076298700004 ER PT J AU Fawcett, WR Kloss, AA Calvente, JJ Marinkovic, N AF Fawcett, WR Kloss, AA Calvente, JJ Marinkovic, N TI SNIFTIRS studies of the electrical double layer at gold electrodes SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Surface Electrochemistry of Metal/Electrolyte Interfaces as Portrayed By Structure Sensitive Data CY SEP 07-10, 1997 CL ALICANTE, SPAIN SP ISE ID SOLUTION INTERFACE; PERCHLORIC-ACID; SPECTROSCOPY AB Studies of double layer structure at gold electrodes using subtractively normalized interfacial FTIR spectroscopy are presented. It is shown that, when a hemispherical window is used to introduce the infrared radiation into the electrochemical cell, a significant increase in sensitivity results. Data are presented illustrating the reorientation of solvent dipoles in the double layer. In addition, results obtained for the accumulation of perchlorate and nitrate ions at single crystal gold electrodes are discussed. In the former case, analysis of the integrated intensity of the perchlorate band at 1109 cm(-1) is used to show the potential region over which the surface excess follows the Gouy-Chapman theory and the potential region in which perchlorate ion is specifically adsorbed. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Sevilla, Dept Quim Fis, Seville, Spain. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11983 USA. RP Fawcett, WR (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Calvente, Juan Jose/A-8261-2008; Marinkovic, Nebojsa/A-1137-2016 OI Calvente, Juan Jose/0000-0002-4229-6204; Marinkovic, Nebojsa/0000-0003-3579-3453 NR 12 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 44 IS 6-7 BP 881 EP 887 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(98)00190-X PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 146TQ UT WOS:000077447600002 ER PT J AU Markovic, NM Grgur, BN Lucas, CA Ross, P AF Markovic, NM Grgur, BN Lucas, CA Ross, P TI UPD of Cu on Pt(100): effects of anions on adsorption isotherms and interface structures SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Surface Electrochemistry of Metal/Electrolyte Interfaces as Portrayed By Structure Sensitive Data CY SEP 07-10, 1997 CL ALICANTE, SPAIN SP ISE DE anions; adsorption isotherms; interface structures ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; IN-SITU; COPPER; PT(111); LEED; PLATINUM(111); SPECTROSCOPY; MONOLAYER; SURFACES AB The results presented in this study show definitely that copper deposition in perchloric acid is a very slow, kinetically controlled process. In nearly halide free supporting electrolytes du appeared to be deposited at underpotential in metallic islands (or 'patches') having the platinum lattice constant. The presence of Br- anions significantly enhances the kinetics of the Cu UPD on the Pt(100) electrode. The total amount of Cu deposited at underpotential is ca. 1 ML (1 ML = 1 Cu adatom per Pt atom). The results obtained from the surface X-ray diffraction measurements showed the formation of an ordered structure of Pr into a c(2 x 2) unit cell on the top of a p(1 x 1) pseudomorphic layer of Cu. In a solution free of Cu no ordered structure of Pr has been found on Pt(100). RRDE and SXS results indicate beyond any doubt that the surface coverage by Br undergoes only negligible changes upon the deposition of Cu even up to a nominal monolayer. We propose, therefore, that the mechanism of Cu UPD occurs by displacement of bromine adatoms from the Pt surface by Cu adatoms through a 'turn-over' process in which Cu is sandwiched between the Pt surface and the Brad overlayer, i.e. a Pt(100)-Cu-Br bi-layer structure. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Liverpool, Dept Phys, Oliver Lodge Lab, Liverpool L69 7ZE, Merseyside, England. RP Markovic, NM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Mail Stop 2-100, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Grgur, Branimir/0000-0003-4684-9053; Lucas, Christopher/0000-0001-5743-3868 NR 19 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 44 IS 6-7 BP 1009 EP 1017 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(98)00205-9 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 146TQ UT WOS:000077447600017 ER PT J AU Marshall, SL Wolff, SK AF Marshall, SL Wolff, SK TI Analysis of terminal effects in rectangular electrochemical cells SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE terminal effects; resistive electrodes; rectangular cells; current distribution; Laplace's equation ID ELECTRODE RESISTANCE; CURRENT-DENSITY; REACTORS; MONOPOLAR AB The current distribution in electrochemical cells consisting of resistive parallel rectangular plates is determined by evaluating the appropriate analytical solution of Laplace's equation within the electrodes and electrolyte. Boundary conditions corresponding to potential continuity (primary current distribution) or linear electrode kinetics (secondary current distribution) at the electrode-electrolyte interface are considered and the analysis does not make the usual assumption that current flow in the resistive electrode is one-dimensional. Fourier series for cells in which resistive effects are significant for one or both electrodes are derived. These series express the potential in terms of the eIectrolyte:electrode conductivity ratio. the ratio of electrolyte resistance to polarization resistance (the Wagner number) and the ratios of relevant geometrical parameters. Calculations that illustrate the perturbation of the potential distribution within the electrolyte, the effect of electrolyte:electrolyte conductivity ratio, the Wagner number and the effect of the width and relative disposition of the external electrical contacts are presented. The predictions of one-and two-dimensional models for the resistive electrodes are compared. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Natal, Dept Chem, ZA-3209 Pietermartizburg, South Africa. Univ Western Australia, Dept Chem, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. RP Marshall, SL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RI Marshall, Simon/E-9518-2010 NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 43 IS 3-4 BP 405 EP 415 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(97)00088-1 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA YL920 UT WOS:000071008200018 ER PT J AU Melendres, CA Mansour, AN AF Melendres, CA Mansour, AN TI X-ray absorption spectroelectrochemical cell for "in-situ" studies of thin films SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE X-ray absorption spectroscopy; nickel oxide films; X-ray spectroelectrochemical cell; ultracapacitor material; electrodeposited films ID NICKEL AB A thin layer X-ray absorption spectroelectrochemical cell is described, It is suitable for "in-situ" studies of thin films and has the advantage that both fluorescence and transmission measurements can be made at the same time so as to ensure accurate calibration of the X-ray energy. Use of the cell is demonstrated in a study of the structure of a nickel oxide material anodically deposited on a graphite substrate which contains multivalent nickel states and appears promising for use in the fabrication of ultracapacitors. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Naval Surface Warfare Ctr, Carderock Div, W Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Melendres, CA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 43 IS 5-6 BP 631 EP 634 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA YM057 UT WOS:000071023600021 ER PT J AU Ferry, A Doeff, MM DeJonghe, LC AF Ferry, A Doeff, MM DeJonghe, LC TI Transport property measurements of polymer electrolytes SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Polymer Electrolytes (ISPE-5) CY AUG 10-16, 1996 CL UPPSALA, SWEDEN DE polymer electrolyte; transport properties; transference number; Raman spectroscopy; diffusion ID TRANSFERENCE NUMBER MEASUREMENTS; IONIC-CONDUCTIVITY; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; LITHIUM; TRIFLATE; SODIUM; ASSOCIATION; SEPARATION; ELECTRODES; BATTERIES AB Straightforward electrochemical methods for determining the transport properties (bulk ionic conductivity, salt diffusion coefficient, and cation transference number) of polymer electrolytes are described herein. The new technique for measuring t(+)(0) is:based on concentrated solution theory, and requires no assumptions to be made concerning ideality of the solution. The experimental methods are described and results on representative polymer electrolyte systems are presented in this paper. Cation transference numbers are found to be salt-concentration; dependent and considerably less than unity or even negative over a wide concentration range. This implies that the cationic current is mainly carried by complexed ions. The presence of associated ionic species in the present systems is confirmed by Raman spectroscopic evidence. Finally, the practical effects of a negative t(+)(0) on cell operation and implications for device design are discussed. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Umea Univ, Dept Expt Phys, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ferry, A (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Expt Phys, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. RI Doeff, Marca/G-6722-2013 OI Doeff, Marca/0000-0002-2148-8047 NR 31 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 43 IS 10-11 BP 1387 EP 1393 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(97)10069-X PG 7 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA ZT361 UT WOS:000074077400040 ER PT J AU Simpson, LJ AF Simpson, LJ TI Electrochemically generated CaCO3 deposits on iron studied with FTIR and Raman spectroscopy SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE CaCO3; electrochemical; temperature; Raman; FTIR; iron ID CALCIUM-CARBONATE; BIOMINERALIZATION; GROWTH AB Calcium carbonate was preferentially electrodeposited onto the relatively high pH surface of an iron electrode held at highly reducing potentials in a CaCl2+NaHCO3 solution. Solution composition, temperature and additives influenced the structure and composition of the calcium carbonate deposit. The conditions that produce the three major crystalline phases (aragonite, vaterite and calcite) along with unstructured phases of calcium carbonate have been identified with FTIR spectroscopy. The use of Raman spectroscopy was also investigated as an in situ detection method for monitoring the calcium carbonate deposition process. The results demonstrate the applicability of an electrochemical method for producing controlled calcium carbonate deposition from solution. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Simpson, LJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM simpson@cmt.anl.gov NR 14 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 43 IS 16-17 BP 2543 EP 2547 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(97)10167-0 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA ZX295 UT WOS:000074501100027 ER PT J AU Pham, AQ Glass, RS AF Pham, AQ Glass, RS TI Oxygen pumping characteristics of yttria-stabilized-zirconia SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE oxygen pump; solid electrolyte; yttria-stabilized-zirconia; limiting current; electrode polarization ID ELECTROLYTE; CELLS AB The operational characteristics of the oxygen pump using yttria-stabilized-zirconia electrolyte were investigated in detail. Using a closed chamber with one oxygen pump and one oxygen sensor, we show that there are lower limits of oxygen partial pressure which can be attained inside the closed chamber. The first limit corresponds to the diffusion limiting current of the pump cathode. Beyond this limit, forcing the pumping action increases the pump cathode polarization without further decreasing the oxygen partial pressure inside the chamber. Eventually, at high enough polarization, electronic conduction due to partial electrolysis of the electrolyte occurs. When electronic conduction exceeds a certain level, lower oxygen partial pressures can be realized. However this second limit (e.g., 10(-15) atm at 800 degrees C) is still much higher than values reported in the literature (10(-27) atm). Comparing the two methods of pumping control, constant applied voltage and constant current, shows that the former allows better control of the oxygen partial pressure. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Pham, AQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 43 IS 18 BP 2699 EP 2708 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(97)10179-7 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA ZX670 UT WOS:000074542200015 ER PT J AU Grgur, BN Markovic, NM Ross, PN AF Grgur, BN Markovic, NM Ross, PN TI Electrooxidation of H-2, CO and H-2/CO mixtures on a well-characterized Pt-Re bulk alloy electrode and comparison with other Pt binary alloys SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Joint International Meeting of the International-Society-of-Electrochemistry and the Electrochemical-Society CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Int Soc Electrochem, Electrochem Soc DE electrocatalysis; CO-tolerant anodes; Pt-Re alloy ID ROTATING-DISK ELECTRODE; RU; SURFACES AB We report new results for the electrooxidation of Hz, CO and H-2/CO mixtures on a Pt75Re25 bulk alloy using surface preparation in a UHV chamber and characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Sputter-cleaned but not-annealed surfaces having the bulk composition were used. This alloy surface has unique properties for CO electrooxidation: finite current densities below 0.2 V (rhe), a positive reaction order in CO partial pressure of +0.5, but an unusually high slope in the log i vs E curve, about 220;mV per decade. Anodic stripping of the irreversibly adsorbed CO on this surface also occurs at an unusually low potential, initiating at about 0.15 V, but only about 1/3 of the total amount of CO on the surface is oxidized at 0.15-0.4 V, the remainder being oxidized at 0.6-0.8 V. The polarization curves for the oxidation of H-2/CO mixtures containing 0.1-2% CO are, however, very Pt-like. It appears that the low-potential oxidation of both dissolved CO and adsorbed CO on this surface occurs exclusively at Re sites, so that with the H-2/CO mixture the Pt sites remain fully covered (and thus deactivated) by COads. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ross, PN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Grgur, Branimir/0000-0003-4684-9053 NR 9 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 43 IS 24 BP 3631 EP 3635 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(98)00120-0 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 115HT UT WOS:000075658900002 ER PT J AU Lee, SJ Mukerjee, S McBreen, J Rho, YW Kho, YT Lee, TH AF Lee, SJ Mukerjee, S McBreen, J Rho, YW Kho, YT Lee, TH TI Effects of Nafion impregnation on performances of PEMFC electrodes SO ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Joint International Meeting of the International-Society-of-Electrochemistry and the Electrochemical-Society CY AUG 31-SEP 05, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Int Soc Electrochem, Electrochem Soc DE proton exchange membrane fuel cell; Nafion loading; active surface area; mass transport ID GAS-DIFFUSION ELECTRODES; MEMBRANE FUEL-CELLS; REACTION LAYER AB The effect of Nafion loading on the electrode polarization characteristics of a conventional proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell electrode has been investigated in terms of both H-2/O-2 and H-2/air performance. Correlation of Nafion loading with the activation polarization characteristics shows an initial increase of activity upto a loading of 1.3 mg/cm(2) followed by a more gradual change with maxima at 1.9 mg/cm2 for both oxygen and air. This trend correlated well with the decrease in charge transfer resistance and increase in the electrochemically active surface area. The contributions to the linear ohmic polarization region of both the H-2/O-2 and H-2/air performance are predominantly from ionic resistance as well as diffusional contributions in the catalyst layer. Among all the polarization losses those due to mass transport were the highest. Fits using a thin film agglomerate model showed a rapid increase in the film thickness with Nafion loading in the pores of the carbon of the catalyst layer followed by an equilibrium of similar to 800 Angstrom thickness at a Nafion loading of 1.9 mg/cm(2). Further additions caused deeper penetration of this Nafion film into the catalyst layer increasing the diffusional pathways for the reactant gases. These results correlate well with the mass transport characteristics in O-2 and air as well as morphological characterization of the electrode based on SEM and pore volume distributions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. KOGAS, R&D Ctr, Kyunggi Do, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Lee, SJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Bldg 480, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 21 TC 288 Z9 299 U1 9 U2 73 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-4686 J9 ELECTROCHIM ACTA JI Electrochim. Acta PY 1998 VL 43 IS 24 BP 3693 EP 3701 DI 10.1016/S0013-4686(98)00127-3 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA 115HT UT WOS:000075658900009 ER PT B AU Lederman, LM AF Lederman, LM BE Kirkland, A Brown, PD TI The electron as the first fundamental particle SO ELECTRON LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Centennial Symposium on the Electron CY SEP 15-17, 1997 CL CHURCHILL COLL, CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SP Univ Cambridge, Japan Sci & Technol Corp, British Steel, Cambridge Univ Press, EPSRC, Hitachi Ltd, Inst Mat, Inst Phys, JEOL Ltd, Kawasaki Steel Corp, Konica Corp, Matsushita Res Inst, Med Res Council, National Power, NEC, Nippon Motorola Ltd, NKK, NTT, Philips Electron Opt, Pioneer Electr Corp, Rolls-Royce plc, Sci Museum HO CHURCHILL COLL C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lederman, LM (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND BN 1-86125-051-7 PY 1998 BP 1 EP 12 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BN40U UT WOS:000081833500001 ER PT S AU Parker, GJ Hitchon, WNG AF Parker, GJ Hitchon, WNG BE Kortshagen, U Tsendin, LD TI Convected Scheme simulations of glow discharges SO ELECTRON KINETICS AND APPLICATIONS OF GLOW DISCHARGES SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES B, PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Electron Kinetics and Applications of Glow Discharges CY MAY 19-23, 1997 CL ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP NATO, Div Sci & Environm Affairs, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Appl Mat Inc, OSRAM Sylvania Inc C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Parker, GJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-418, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-1221 BN 0-306-45822-5 J9 NATO ADV SCI I B-PHY PY 1998 VL 367 BP 75 EP 83 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BL21X UT WOS:000074739600005 ER PT B AU Thomas, G AF Thomas, G BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Electron microscopy of materials: Now and future SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 1: GENERAL INTEREST AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thomas, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0564-9 PY 1998 BP 23 EP 24 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87G UT WOS:000077017600009 ER PT B AU Mitchell, TE AF Mitchell, TE BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Electron microscopy of some exotic materials SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 1: GENERAL INTEREST AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Mitchell, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0564-9 PY 1998 BP 25 EP 26 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87G UT WOS:000077017600010 ER PT B AU Rivas, JM Zurek, AK Thissell, WR Tonks, DL Hixson, RS AF Rivas, JM Zurek, AK Thissell, WR Tonks, DL Hixson, RS BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Quantification of ductile fracture in spalled tantalum SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 1: GENERAL INTEREST AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rivas, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0564-9 PY 1998 BP 169 EP 170 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87G UT WOS:000077017600077 ER PT B AU Allen, CW Dorignac, D AF Allen, CW Dorignac, D BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Survey of high voltage electron microscopy worldwide in 1998 SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 1: GENERAL INTEREST AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Allen, CW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0564-9 PY 1998 BP 275 EP 276 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87G UT WOS:000077017600127 ER PT B AU Voelkl, E Alexander, KB Mabon, JC O'Keefe, MA Postek, MT Wright, MC Zaluzec, NJ AF Voelkl, E Alexander, KB Mabon, JC O'Keefe, MA Postek, MT Wright, MC Zaluzec, NJ BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI The DOE2000 Materials MicroCharacterization Collaboratory SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 1: GENERAL INTEREST AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Voelkl, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0564-9 PY 1998 BP 289 EP 290 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87G UT WOS:000077017600134 ER PT B AU Anderson, IM AF Anderson, IM BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Statistical analysis of low-voltage EDS spectrum images SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 1: GENERAL INTEREST AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Anderson, IM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,Bldg 5500,MS-6376, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0564-9 PY 1998 BP 357 EP 358 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87G UT WOS:000077017600166 ER PT B AU Nogales, E Downing, KH AF Nogales, E Downing, KH BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Atomic model of tubulin by electron crystallography SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 1: GENERAL INTEREST AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nogales, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0564-9 PY 1998 BP 397 EP 398 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87G UT WOS:000077017600185 ER PT B AU Wang, YC O'Keefe, MA Pan, M Nelson, EC Kisielowski, C AF Wang, YC O'Keefe, MA Pan, M Nelson, EC Kisielowski, C BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Progress towards a 1 angstrom information limit by electron holography SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 1: GENERAL INTEREST AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Wang, YC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0564-9 PY 1998 BP 573 EP 574 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87G UT WOS:000077017600269 ER PT B AU Kilaas, R Paciornik, S AF Kilaas, R Paciornik, S BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Structure refinement using a combination of quantitative image matching and chemical constraints SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 1: GENERAL INTEREST AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kilaas, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0564-9 PY 1998 BP 611 EP 612 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87G UT WOS:000077017600286 ER PT B AU Li, HL Sui, HX Ghanshani, S Lee, S Walian, PJ Wu, CL Chandy, GK Jap, BK AF Li, HL Sui, HX Ghanshani, S Lee, S Walian, PJ Wu, CL Chandy, GK Jap, BK BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Projection structure of a prokaryotic potassium channel SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 1: GENERAL INTEREST AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, HL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0564-9 PY 1998 BP 729 EP 730 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87G UT WOS:000077017600340 ER PT B AU Alexander, KB Prussner, K Pint, BA Tortorelli, PF AF Alexander, KB Prussner, K Pint, BA Tortorelli, PF BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI The effect of reactive-element alloying additions on the microstructure and microchemistry of thermally-grown oxide scales on nickel-based alloys SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 2: MATERIALS SCIENCE 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Alexander, KB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0565-7 PY 1998 BP 35 EP 36 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87H UT WOS:000077019900017 ER PT B AU Kotula, PG Carter, CB Chen, KC Thoma, DJ Chu, F Mitchell, TE AF Kotula, PG Carter, CB Chen, KC Thoma, DJ Chu, F Mitchell, TE BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Defects in Nb-Cr-Ti C15 laves phase alloys SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 2: MATERIALS SCIENCE 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kotula, PG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0565-7 PY 1998 BP 71 EP 72 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87H UT WOS:000077019900034 ER PT B AU Verbist, K Nelson, EC Anthony, TC Brug, JA Krishnan, KM AF Verbist, K Nelson, EC Anthony, TC Brug, JA Krishnan, KM BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Lorentz transmission electron microscopy in a standard CM200FEG SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 2: MATERIALS SCIENCE 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Verbist, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0565-7 PY 1998 BP 503 EP 504 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87H UT WOS:000077019900247 ER PT B AU Krishnan, KM AF Krishnan, KM BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Quantitative electron microscopy of magnetic thin films SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 2: MATERIALS SCIENCE 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krishnan, KM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0565-7 PY 1998 BP 505 EP 506 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87H UT WOS:000077019900248 ER PT B AU Zhu, YM McCartney, MR Sabatini, RL AF Zhu, YM McCartney, MR Sabatini, RL BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Studying the magnetic structure of Nd2Fe14B hard magnets using advanced electron microscopy SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 2: MATERIALS SCIENCE 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhu, YM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0565-7 PY 1998 BP 521 EP 522 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87H UT WOS:000077019900256 ER PT B AU Nguyen, TD Krishnan, KM AF Nguyen, TD Krishnan, KM BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Magnetic domain structure in NdFeB-based alloys studied by Lorentz microscopy SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 2: MATERIALS SCIENCE 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nguyen, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0565-7 PY 1998 BP 551 EP 552 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87H UT WOS:000077019900271 ER PT B AU Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST Chisholm, MF Maiti, A Yan, Y AF Pennycook, SJ Pantelides, ST Chisholm, MF Maiti, A Yan, Y BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Atomic-scale structures in complex solids by Z-contrast STEM and first-principles theory SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 2: MATERIALS SCIENCE 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pennycook, SJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0565-7 PY 1998 BP 575 EP 576 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87H UT WOS:000077019900282 ER PT B AU Evans, ND Imamura, PH Bentley, J Mecartney, ML AF Evans, ND Imamura, PH Bentley, J Mecartney, ML BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Grain boundary studies of doped yttria-stabilized zirconia SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 2: MATERIALS SCIENCE 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Evans, ND (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, POB 117, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0565-7 PY 1998 BP 613 EP 614 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87H UT WOS:000077019900301 ER PT B AU Liliental-Weber, Z Washburn, J AF Liliental-Weber, Z Washburn, J BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Similar defects in bulk GaN and laterally overgrown GaN layers SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 2: MATERIALS SCIENCE 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Liliental-Weber, Z (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0565-7 PY 1998 BP 637 EP 638 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87H UT WOS:000077019900313 ER PT B AU Zhu, YM Wu, L Li, Q Tsay, YN Suenaga, M AF Zhu, YM Wu, L Li, Q Tsay, YN Suenaga, M BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Understanding the structural origin of misorientation-independent superconductivity at twist boundaries in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 bicrystals SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 2: MATERIALS SCIENCE 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhu, YM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0565-7 PY 1998 BP 667 EP 668 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87H UT WOS:000077019900328 ER PT B AU Ruvimov, S Liliental-Weber, Z Washburn, J Amano, H Akasaki, I AF Ruvimov, S Liliental-Weber, Z Washburn, J Amano, H Akasaki, I BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI TEM/HREM characterization of structural defects in GaN epitaxial layers grown on sapphire SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 2: MATERIALS SCIENCE 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ruvimov, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0565-7 PY 1998 BP 693 EP 694 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Microscopy SC Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87H UT WOS:000077019900340 ER PT B AU Bian, WM Zhu, YM AF Bian, WM Zhu, YM BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI A crystal, or a quasicrystal? SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 3: MATERIALS SCIENCE 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bian, WM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0566-5 PY 1998 BP 25 EP 26 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Microscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87J UT WOS:000077020300012 ER PT B AU Chen, SJ Ritchie, RO Zettl, A Dahmen, U AF Chen, SJ Ritchie, RO Zettl, A Dahmen, U BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI In-situ bending deformation of carbon nanotubes in a HVEM SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 3: MATERIALS SCIENCE 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chen, SJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0566-5 PY 1998 BP 75 EP 76 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Microscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87J UT WOS:000077020300036 ER PT B AU Norman, AG Ahrenkiel, SP Moutinho, H Al-Jassim, MM Mascarenhas, A Millunchik, JM Lee, SR Twesten, RD Follstaedt, DM Jones, ED AF Norman, AG Ahrenkiel, SP Moutinho, H Al-Jassim, MM Mascarenhas, A Millunchik, JM Lee, SR Twesten, RD Follstaedt, DM Jones, ED BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Influence of strain on spontaneous lateral composition modulations in MBE (InAs)(n)(AlAs)(m) short period superlattices SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 3: MATERIALS SCIENCE 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Norman, AG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0566-5 PY 1998 BP 411 EP 412 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Microscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87J UT WOS:000077020300198 ER PT B AU Ahrenkiel, SP Norman, AG Jones, KM Matson, RJ Al-Jassim, MM Zhang, Y Cheong, HM Mascarenhas, A Friedman, DJ Arent, DJ Olson, JM Hanna, MC AF Ahrenkiel, SP Norman, AG Jones, KM Matson, RJ Al-Jassim, MM Zhang, Y Cheong, HM Mascarenhas, A Friedman, DJ Arent, DJ Olson, JM Hanna, MC BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Comparison of ordered domain structures in GaInP and GaInAs alloys SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 3: MATERIALS SCIENCE 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ahrenkiel, SP (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RI Cheong, Hyeonsik/D-7424-2012 OI Cheong, Hyeonsik/0000-0002-2347-4044 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0566-5 PY 1998 BP 419 EP 420 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Microscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87J UT WOS:000077020300202 ER PT B AU Wall, MA Dahmen, U AF Wall, MA Dahmen, U BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI In-situ nanoindentation of Si in the high voltage electron microscope SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 3: MATERIALS SCIENCE 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, C&MS, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wall, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, C&MS, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0566-5 PY 1998 BP 493 EP 494 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Microscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87J UT WOS:000077020300237 ER PT B AU Bentley, J Anderson, IM Evans, ND Kenik, EA AF Bentley, J Anderson, IM Evans, ND Kenik, EA BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Elemental mapping and profiling by EDS spectrum imaging SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 3: MATERIALS SCIENCE 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bentley, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0566-5 PY 1998 BP 561 EP 562 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Microscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87J UT WOS:000077020300270 ER PT B AU Michael, JR Schlienger, ME Goehner, RP AF Michael, JR Schlienger, ME Goehner, RP BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Recent advances in phase identification in the SEM using electron backscattering diffraction SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 3: MATERIALS SCIENCE 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Michael, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Mat Characterizat Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0566-5 PY 1998 BP 733 EP 734 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Microscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87J UT WOS:000077020300352 ER PT B AU Wu, LJ Zhu, YM Tafto, J AF Wu, LJ Zhu, YM Tafto, J BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI A novel CBED technique in measuring charge distribution and structure factors in crystals with large unit cells SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 3: MATERIALS SCIENCE 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wu, LJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0566-5 PY 1998 BP 787 EP 788 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Microscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87J UT WOS:000077020300379 ER PT B AU Zhang, XF AF Zhang, XF BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Defective structure of Tl2-xBa2CaCu2Oy superconductors: A Convergent beam electron diffraction study SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 3: MATERIALS SCIENCE 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zhang, XF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Mail Stop K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0566-5 PY 1998 BP 789 EP 790 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Microscopy SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Microscopy GA BL87J UT WOS:000077020300380 ER PT B AU Downing, KH Nogales, E AF Downing, KH Nogales, E BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Insights on assembly, GTP binding and hydrolysis from the electron crystallographic model of tubulin SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 4: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Downing, KH (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0567-3 PY 1998 BP 287 EP 288 PG 2 WC Biology; Microscopy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA BL87K UT WOS:000077020500140 ER PT B AU Hainfeld, JF Powell, RD Halsey, CMR Freimuth, P AF Hainfeld, JF Powell, RD Halsey, CMR Freimuth, P BE Benavides, HAC Yacaman, MJ TI Ni-NTA-Nanogold for binding His tags SO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 1998, VOL 4: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Congress on Electron Microscopy CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 1998 CL CANCUN, MEXICO SP Mexican Soc Microscopy, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnol, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Univ Veracruzana, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Invest Mat Avanzados, Inst Politecn Nacl, Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hainfeld, JF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND BN 0-7503-0567-3 PY 1998 BP 859 EP 860 PG 2 WC Biology; Microscopy SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Microscopy GA BL87K UT WOS:000077020500415 ER PT S AU Piskoti, C Zettl, A AF Piskoti, C Zettl, A BE Kuzmany, H Fink, J Mehring, M Roth, S TI The first stable lower fullerene: C-36 SO ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF NOVEL MATERIALS - PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR NANOSTRUCTURES: XII INTERNATIONAL WINTERSCHOOL SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Winterschool on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials CY MAR, 1998 CL VEREIN FORDERUNG INTL WINTERSCH, KIRCHBERG, AUSTRIA SP Bundesmin Wissensch Forsch, Austria, USA, Res Dev & Standizat Grp, London, England HO VEREIN FORDERUNG INTL WINTERSCH AB A new pure carbon material, presumably composed of thirty six carbon atom molecules, has been synthesized and isolated in milligram quantities? It appears as though these molecules have a closed cage structure making them the smallest member of a new class of molecules known as fullerenes, most notably of which is the soccer bail shaped C-60(2). However, unlike other known fullerenes, any closed, fullerene-like C-36 cage will necessarily contain fused pentagon rings(3). Therefore, this molecule apparently violates the isolated pentagon rule, a criterion which requires isolated pentagons for stability in fullerene molecules(4,5). Striking parallels between this problem and the synthesis of other fused five member fused ring systems will be discussed. Also, it will be shown that certain biological structures known as clathrin behave in a manner which gives excellent predictions about fullerenes and nanotubes. These predictions help to explain the presence of abundant quantities of C36 in arced graphite soot. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Piskoti, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Zettl, Alex/O-4925-2016 OI Zettl, Alex/0000-0001-6330-136X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-808-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 442 BP 183 EP 185 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA BL94W UT WOS:000077262600038 ER PT S AU Sweeney, DW Hudyma, R Chapman, HN Shafer, D AF Sweeney, DW Hudyma, R Chapman, HN Shafer, D BE Vladimirsky, Y TI EUV optical design for a 100 nm CD imaging system SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies II CY FEB 23-25, 1998 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE EUV projection lithography; optical design; multilayer coatings; aspheric optics AB The imaging specifications for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) projection optics parallel those of other optical lithographies. Specifications are scaled to reflect the 100 nm critical dimension for the first generation EUVL systems. The design being fabricated for the Engineering Test Stand, an EUVL alpha tool, consists of a condenser with six channels to provide an effective partial coherence factor of 0.7. The camera contains four mirrors; three of the mirrors are aspheres and the fourth is spherical. The design of the optical package has been constrained so that the angles of incidence and the variations in the angle of incidence of all rays allow for uniform multilayer coatings. The multilayers introduce a slight shift in image position and magnification. We have shown that a system aligned with visible light is also aligned at 13.4 nm, Each mirror must be fabricated with an RMS figure error of less than 0.25 nm and better than 0.2 nm RIMS roughness. Optical surfaces that exceed each of these specifications individually have been fabricated. The success of EUVL requires that these specifications be met simultaneously. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Sweeney, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-395, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2776-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3331 BP 2 EP 10 DI 10.1117/12.309559 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL37W UT WOS:000075329300001 ER PT S AU Goldsmith, JEM Barr, PK Berger, KW Bernardez, LJ Cardinale, GF Darnold, JR Folk, DR Haney, SJ Henderson, CC Jefferson, KL Krenz, KD Kubiak, GD Nissen, RP O'Connell, DJ Perras, YE Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Smith, TG Stulen, RH Tichenor, DA Berkmoes, AAV Wronosky, JB AF Goldsmith, JEM Barr, PK Berger, KW Bernardez, LJ Cardinale, GF Darnold, JR Folk, DR Haney, SJ Henderson, CC Jefferson, KL Krenz, KD Kubiak, GD Nissen, RP O'Connell, DJ Perras, YE Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Smith, TG Stulen, RH Tichenor, DA Berkmoes, AAV Wronosky, JB BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Recent advances in the Sandia EUV 10x microstepper SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies II CY FEB 23-25, 1998 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE EUV; extreme ultraviolet; lithography; microlithography; stepper; microstepper AB The Sandia EUV 10x microstepper system is the result of an evolutionary development process, starting with a simple 20x system, progressing through an earlier 10x system, to the current system that has full microstepper capabilities. The 10x microstepper prints 400-mu m-diameter fields at sub-0.10-mu m resolution. Upgrades include the replacement of the copper wire target (used in the previous generation of laser-produced plasma source) with a pulsed xenon jet target, construction of an improved projection optics system, the addition of a dose monitor and an aerial image monitor, and the addition of a graphical user interface to the system operation software. This paper provides an up-to-date report on the status of the microstepper. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Goldsmith, JEM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS 9409, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2776-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3331 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1117/12.309570 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL37W UT WOS:000075329300002 ER PT S AU Henderson, C Wheeler, D Pollagi, T O'Connell, D Goldsmith, J Fisher, A Cardinale, G Hutchinson, J Rao, V AF Henderson, C Wheeler, D Pollagi, T O'Connell, D Goldsmith, J Fisher, A Cardinale, G Hutchinson, J Rao, V BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Top surface imaging resists for EUV lithography SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies II CY FEB 23-25, 1998 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE thin layer imaging; top surface imaging; extreme ultraviolet lithography; silylation; disilane AB The strong attenuation of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation by organic materials necessitates the use of a thin layer imaging (TLI) process for EUV lithography. Several TLI processes have been identified for potential use for EUVL, and the common theme in these approaches is the transfer of the aerial image to a thin layer of refractory-containing material, which is then used as a dry O-2 etch mask during a subsequent pattern transfer to the device layer. One TLI process that has been extensively examined for EUVL is the silylated top-surface imaging (TSI) technology, which is discussed in this paper. Using a new disilane silylation reagent, dimethylaminodimethyldisilane (DMDS) and 13.4 nm exposure, the TSI process has been used to print 100 nm lines and spaces at equal pitch and 70 nm lines and spaces at a higher 1:2 pitch. The line edge roughness for the printed lines has been determined using a custom image analysis program and, as expected, varies with the particular EUV exposure system and numerical aperture. Exposures done with 193 nm lithography and the TSI process using DMDS are also shown for comparison to the EUV results. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Henderson, C (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 969,MS9405, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2776-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3331 BP 32 EP 40 DI 10.1117/12.309590 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL37W UT WOS:000075329300004 ER PT S AU Montcalm, C Bajt, S Mirkarimi, PB Spiller, E Weber, FJ Folta, JA AF Montcalm, C Bajt, S Mirkarimi, PB Spiller, E Weber, FJ Folta, JA BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Multilayer reflective coatings for extreme-ultraviolet lithography SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies II CY FEB 23-25, 1998 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography; reflective coatings; multilayers; reflectance; stress; radiation stability; sputtering deposition; uniformity; reproducibility AB Multilayer mirror coatings which reflect extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation are a key enabling technology for EUV lithography. Mo/Si multilayers with reflectances of 67.5% at 13.4 nm are now routinely achieved and reflectances of 70.2% at 11.4 nm were obtained with Mo/Be multilayers. High reflectance is achieved with careful control of substrate quality, layer thicknesses, multilayer materials, interface quality, and surface termination, Reflectance and film stress were found to be stable relative to the requirements for application to EUV lithography. The run-to-run reproducibility of the reflectance peak position was characterized to be better than 0.2%, providing the required wavelength matching among the seven multilayer-coated mirrors used in the present lithography system design. Uniformity of coating was improved to better than 0.5% across 150 mm diameter substrates. These improvements in EUV multilayer mirror technology will enable us to meet the stringent specifications for coating the large optical substrates for our next-generation BW lithography system. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Microtechnol Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Montcalm, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Microtechnol Program, POB 808,L-395, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2776-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3331 BP 42 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.309600 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL37W UT WOS:000075329300005 ER PT S AU Underwood, JH Gullikson, EM AF Underwood, JH Gullikson, EM BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Beamline for measurement and characterization of multilayer optics for EUV lithography SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies II CY FEB 23-25, 1998 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE EUV; extreme ultraviolet; calibration; standards; reflectometry; monochromators AB Currently, intense efforts are in progress to develop a system to print 0.1 mu m features operating at an extreme ultraviolet (EW) wavelength between 11 and 14 nm, Such a development is critically dependent on the multilayer reflectors which are needed to coat the reflective masks and the optical elements of both the condenser and the projection systems. Understanding of the optical properties of these coatings (period, reflectivity, scattering, etc.) requires an accurate, well-characterized and stable measurement facility operating over the appropriate wavelength range. This paper describes a beamline installed on a synchrotron radiation source (the Advanced Light Source) which provides exceptionally high flux, high spectral resolution, absolute wavelength calibration, and excellent higher order suppression in the EW range. It allows reflectivity measurements to be made to a precision of better than 0.5%, determination of wavelength to 0.01%, and the measurement of scattering down to 10(-10) of the specular beam. The achievement of this performance through, the design of the beamline is briefly discussed, and a variety of representative results are presented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Underwood, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2776-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3331 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1117/12.309608 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL37W UT WOS:000075329300006 ER PT S AU Spiller, E Weber, FJ Montcalm, C Baker, SL Gullikson, EM Underwood, JH AF Spiller, E Weber, FJ Montcalm, C Baker, SL Gullikson, EM Underwood, JH BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Multilayer coating and tests of a 10X extreme ultraviolet lithographic camera SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies II CY FEB 23-25, 1998 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE EUV lithography; Mo/Si multilayer coatings; power spectral density; EUV scattering; Schwarzschild optics AB A new set of mirrors for the SANDIA 10X microstepper has been fabricated. The optics have been tested by optical profilometry, atomic force microscopy, EUV reflectometry and EUV scattering. These measurments allow one to predict the performance of the camera. Mo/Si multilayer coatings with the required thickness profile were produced by DC magnetron sputtering using shadow masks in front of the rotating substrates. The figure errors of the new mirrors (0.6 nm) are considerably smaller than those obtained previously, while mid-spatial frequency roughness still needs improvement. This roughness reduces mostly the throughput of the system; i. e. most of the scattered light occurs outside the field of the camera and there is only a small reduction of contrast or resolution. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Microtechnol Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Spiller, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Microtechnol Program, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2776-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3331 BP 62 EP 71 DI 10.1117/12.309617 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL37W UT WOS:000075329300007 ER PT S AU Gullikson, EM AF Gullikson, EM BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Scattering from normal incidence EUV optics SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies II CY FEB 23-25, 1998 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE scattering; EUV lithography; optical testing; roughness; surface profile AB Measurements of nonspecular EUV scattering from Mo/Si multilayer coated mirrors have been performed. The surface power spectral density (PSD) is deduced from the angular scattering distribution and in ail cases is found to be in excellent agreement with surface profile measurements, by both optical and atomic force microscopy. It is demonstrated that the effects of scatter on the EUV imaging performance of a single normal incidence optic are accurately predicted from surface profile measurements. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gullikson, EM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2776-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3331 BP 72 EP 80 DI 10.1117/12.309625 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL37W UT WOS:000075329300008 ER PT S AU Kubiak, GD Bernardez, LJ Krenz, K AF Kubiak, GD Bernardez, LJ Krenz, K BE Vladimirsky, Y TI High-power extreme ultraviolet source based on gas jets SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies II CY FEB 23-25, 1998 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH AB We report on the development of a high-power laser plasma extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source for Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography. The source is based on the plasma emission of a recycled jet beam of large Xe clusters and produces no particulate debris. The source will be driven by a pulsed laser delivering 1500 W of focused average power to the cluster jet target. To develop condensers and to optimize source performance, a low-power laboratory cluster jet prototype has been used to study the spectroscopy, angular distributions, and EUV source images of the cluster jet plasma emission. In addition, methods to improve the reflectance lifetimes of nearby plasma-racing condenser mirrors have been developed. The resulting source yields EUV conversion efficiencies up to 3.8% and mirror lifetimes of similar to 10(9) plasma pulses, with further improvement anticipated. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Kubiak, GD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2776-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3331 BP 81 EP 89 DI 10.1117/12.309560 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL37W UT WOS:000075329300009 ER PT S AU Hudyma, RM Sommargren, G AF Hudyma, RM Sommargren, G BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Minimizing mapping-induced OPD errors when testing aspheric mirrors SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies II CY FEB 23-25, 1998 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE interferometric errors; aspheric surface measurement; precision interferometry AB Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) projection systems are designed with mild aspheres so that the mirrors can be tested at the center of curvature without null optics. The elimination of the null optics improves the fundamental accuracy of the test. However, this test configuration is not stigmatic, and the rays from the test wavefront and reference wavefront will not trace the same optical path through the viewing system. Effectively, the test and reference wavefront are sheared in the exit pupil of the viewing system. This shear leads to an OPD contribution from the viewing system that we label the mapping error. For visible light metrology, this induced OPD error can be a significant fraction of the EW wavelength. The origin of this OPD error is demonstrated using simple ray optics. Examples are presented illustrating the nature and magnitude of this error for off-axis aspheric sections. Methods for minimizing this OPD error are suggested. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hudyma, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-395, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2776-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3331 BP 96 EP 101 DI 10.1117/12.309561 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL37W UT WOS:000075329300011 ER PT S AU Chapman, HN Sweeney, DW AF Chapman, HN Sweeney, DW BE Vladimirsky, Y TI A rigorous method for compensation selection and alignment of microlithographic optical systems SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies II CY FEB 23-25, 1998 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE alignment; assembly; tolerancing; EUV projection lithography; SVD; compensator AB The assembly of an optical system requires the correction of aberrations in the entire imaging field by making selected rigid-body motions of the optical elements. We present a rigorous method for determining which adjustment motions, called compensators, to use for alignment. These compensators are found by employing techniques from linear algebra that choose the most independent vectors from a set which are interdependent. The method finds the smallest number of compensators to correct for misalignments of a given magnitude. As an example the method is applied to a four-mirror scanning ring-field EUV lithography system. It is shown that out of 32 degrees of freedom in the configuration of the optical elements, only eight compensators are required on the optics. By adjusting these compensators a misaligned configuration giving 30 lambda wavefront error can be assembled to lambda/50 in the absense of measurement noise. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Chapman, HN (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2776-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3331 BP 102 EP 113 DI 10.1117/12.309562 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL37W UT WOS:000075329300012 ER PT S AU Naulleau, P Goldberg, K Lee, S Chang, C Bresloff, C Batson, P Attwood, D Bokor, J AF Naulleau, P Goldberg, K Lee, S Chang, C Bresloff, C Batson, P Attwood, D Bokor, J BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Characterization of the accuracy of EUV phase-shifting point diffraction interferometry SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies II CY FEB 23-25, 1998 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE interferometry; point diffraction interferometry; extreme ultraviolet lithography; phase-shifting interferometry; accuracy AB The phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer (PS/PDI) has recently been developed and implemented at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to meet the significant measurement challenge of characterizing extreme ultraviolet (EUV) projection lithography systems. Here progress on the characterization of the PS/PDI accuracy is presented. Two major classes of errors affect the accuracy of the interferometer: the first being systematic effects arising from the measurement geometry, and the second being random and systematic errors caused by an imperfect reference wave. In order to characterize these contributions and calibrate the interferometer, a null test is required. This null test also serves as a measure of the absolute accuracy of the interferometer. Experimental results demonstrating a systematic-error-limited accuracy of 0.004 waves (lambda/250 or 0.05 nm at lambda = 13.4 nm) is reported. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Naulleau, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2776-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3331 BP 114 EP 123 DI 10.1117/12.309563 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL37W UT WOS:000075329300013 ER PT S AU Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Gianoulakis, SE Spence, PA Kanouff, MP Moen, CD AF Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Gianoulakis, SE Spence, PA Kanouff, MP Moen, CD BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Impact of thermal and structural effects on EUV lithographic performance SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies II CY FEB 23-25, 1998 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE EUV lithography; finite element analysis; thermal loading; multilayer film stress; lithographic analysis AB Thermal and structural effects will be an important consideration for all advanced lithography approaches targeting the 100nm technology generation and beyond. Such effects can contribute to loss of CD control, decrease in process latitude and reticle-wafer overlay error, This necessitates a system approach to account for thermo-mechanical effects in a complete system performance analysis of an EW lithography tool. Multilayer-coated mirrors will typically absorb 35-40% of the in-band radiation causing thermal deformation of the mirror figure. In addition, Mo-Si multilayer films are deposited with compressive stress of approximately 350 MPa, which will also serve to deform the mirror substrate. To study these effects, we have inter-connected the capabilities of several software packages which include thermal and structural finite element, optical, and lithographic analysis. This enables us to determine the impact of mechanical effects on Lithographic metrics such as the exposure-defocus process window, pattern placement and throughput. This paper includes results from a theoretical study of an EW alpha tool with a wafer throughput of 20 200mm wafers per hour (assuming 80% die coverage and 68% exposure time) for the 100nm technology generation. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ray-Chaudhuri, AK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2776-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3331 BP 124 EP 132 DI 10.1117/12.309564 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL37W UT WOS:000075329300014 ER PT S AU Mirkarimi, PB Montcalm, C AF Mirkarimi, PB Montcalm, C BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Advances in the reduction and compensation of film stress in high-reflectance multilayer coatings for extreme ultraviolet lithography SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies II CY FEB 23-25, 1998 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH AB Due to the stringent surface figure requirements for the multilayer-coated optics in an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) projection lithography system, it is desirable to minimize deformation due to the multilayer film stress. However, the stress must be reduced or compensated without reducing EUV reflectivity, since the reflectivity has a strong impact on the throughput of a EUV lithography tool. In this work we identify and evaluate several leading techniques for stress reduction and compensation as applied to Mo/Si and Mo/Be multilayer films. The measured film stress for Mo/Si films with EUV reflectances near 67.4% at 13.4 nm is approximately - 420 MPa (compressive), while it is approximately +330 MPa (tensile) for Mo/Be films with EUV reflectances near 69.4% at 11.4 nm. Varying the Mo-to-Si ratio can be used to reduce the stress to near zero levels, but at a large loss in EUV reflectance (> 20%). The technique of varying the base pressure (impurity level) yielded a 10% decrease in stress with a 2% decrease in reflectance for our multilayers. Post-deposition annealing was performed and it was observed that while the cost in reflectance is relatively high (3.5%) to bring the stress to near zero levels (i.e., reduce by 100%), the stress can be reduced by 75% with only a 1.3% drop in reflectivity at annealing temperatures near 200 degrees C. A study of annealing during Mo/Si deposition was also performed, however, no practical advantage was observed by heating during deposition. A new non-thermal (athermal) buffer-layer technique was developed to compensate for the effects of stress. Using this technique with amorphous silicon and Mo/Be buffer-layers it was possible to obtain Mo/Be and Mo/Si multilayer films with a near zero net film stress and less than a 1% loss in reflectivity. For example a Mo/Be film with 68.7% reflectivity at 11.4 nm and a Mo/Si film with 66.5% reflectivity at 13.3 nm were produced with net stress values less than 30 MPa. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Microtechnol Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mirkarimi, PB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Adv Microtechnol Program, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2776-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3331 BP 133 EP 148 DI 10.1117/12.309565 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL37W UT WOS:000075329300015 ER PT S AU Taylor, JS Sommargren, GE Sweeney, DW Hudyma, RM AF Taylor, JS Sommargren, GE Sweeney, DW Hudyma, RM BE Vladimirsky, Y TI The fabrication and testing of optics for EUV projection lithography SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies II CY FEB 23-25, 1998 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH AB EUV Lithography (EUVL) is a leading candidate as a stepper technology for fabricating the "0.1 mu m generation" of microelectronic circuits. EUVL is an optical printing technique qualitatively similar to DUV Lithography (DUVL), except that 11-13nm wavelength light is used instead of 193-248nm.(1,2) The feasibility of creating 0.1 mu m features has been well-established using small-field EUVL printing tools,(3) and development efforts are currently underway to demonstrate that cost-effective production equipment can be engineered to perform full-width ring-field imaging consistent with high wafer throughput rates.(4) Ensuring that an industrial supplier base will be available for key components and subsystems is crucial to the success of EUVL. In particular, the projection optics are the heart of the EUVL imaging system, yet they have figure and finish specifications that are beyond the state-of-the-art in optics manufacturing. Thus it is important to demonstrate that industry will be able to fabricate and certify these optics commensurate with EUVL requirements. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Taylor, JS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2776-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3331 BP 580 EP 590 DI 10.1117/12.309619 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL37W UT WOS:000075329300065 ER PT S AU Agayan, RR Banyai, WC Fernandez, A AF Agayan, RR Banyai, WC Fernandez, A BE Vladimirsky, Y TI Scaling behavior in interference lithography SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies II CY FEB 23-25, 1998 CL SANTA CLARA, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Semiconductor Equipment & Mat Int, SEMATECH DE interference lithography; scaling; submicron; freeze-drying; exposure latitude; PROLITH/2; Lumped Parameter Model AB Interference lithography is an emerging technology that provides a means for achieving high resolution over large exposure areas (similar to 1 m(2)) with virtually unlimited depth of field. One- and two-dimensional arrays of deep submicron structures can be created using near i-line wavelengths and standard resist processing. In this paper, we report on recent advances in the development of this technology, focusing, in particular, on how exposure latitude and resist profile scale with interference period. We present structure width vs. dose curves for periods ranging from 200 nm to 1.0 mu m, demonstrating that deep submicron structures can be generated with exposure latitudes exceeding 30%. Our experimental results are compared to simulations based on PROLITH/2. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Agayan, RR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2776-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3331 BP 662 EP 672 DI 10.1117/12.309630 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BL37W UT WOS:000075329300074 ER PT S AU Bisset, KR AF Bisset, KR BE Sisti, AF TI Simulation visualization through dynamic instrumentation SO ENABLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SIMULATION SCIENCE II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Enabling Technology for Simulation Science II CY APR 14-16, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP SPIE DE simulation; data visualization; instrumentation; TCL/TK; scripting; distributed computing AB The goal of the instrument composition system is to allow a simulation user to dynamically create instruments as a simulation executes. Instruments can include graphical displays, data collectors, and debugging aides. Instruments are made up of small building blocks which can be easily combined into larger, more complex instruments. Through the use of an Attribute Server (a distributed publication/subscription mechanism), the actors and instruments in a simulation can interact without direct knowledge of each other. Instead, each actor publishes the attributes which it has available. An instrument subscribes to the attributes in which it is interested, and is notified whenever the value of one of these attribute changes. An instrument can also publish attributes for use by other instruments. Since the Attribute Server is distributed, the publisher of an attribute need not execute on the same machine as the subscriber. This allows CPU intensive data visualization to execute on separate machines from the simulation, minimizing the impact on the simulation. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Bisset, KR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS F602, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2818-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3369 BP 91 EP 100 DI 10.1117/12.319358 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BL61C UT WOS:000076007700009 ER PT S AU Bai, Y Vieira, DJ Seifert, HL Wouters, JM AF Bai, Y Vieira, DJ Seifert, HL Wouters, JM BE Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Davids, CN TI Mass measurement in the fp-shell using the TOFI spectrometer SO ENAM 98: EXOTIC NUCLEI AND ATOMIC MASSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM 98) CY JUN 23-27, 1998 CL BELLAIRE, MI SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Superconducting Lab, Dept Energy, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB The masses of 48 neutron-rich nuclei extending from Sc-55 to Cu-75 have been determined from the final set of data to be acquired with the time-of-flight-isochronous (TOFI) spectrometer. The masses of eight isotopes (Fe-68, Co-70,Co-71, Ni-73, and Cu72-75) are reported for the first time. The resulting masses now tie in neatly with the masses of previously measured neutron-rich Zn and Ga isotopes determined from fission product beta-endpoint measurements. A careful evaluation of the calibration sensitivity is made with respect to inclusion or exclusion of these heavy known species and excellent calibration stability is found. Contrasting these results with previous TOFI measurements, we find that these new results fall between the results of Tu et al.(1) which trend to slightly less bound masses as one proceeds to the most neutron-rich species and Seifert et al.(2) which shows the opposite trend. Good agreement with the predictions of several mass models and Audi-Wapstra systematics are found. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bai, Y (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-804-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 455 BP 90 EP 93 DI 10.1063/1.57312 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BM21C UT WOS:000078034400013 ER PT S AU Varner, RL Gan, N Beene, JR Halbert, ML Stracener, DW Azhari, A Ramakrishnan, E Thirolf, P Thoennessen, MR Yokoyama, S AF Varner, RL Gan, N Beene, JR Halbert, ML Stracener, DW Azhari, A Ramakrishnan, E Thirolf, P Thoennessen, MR Yokoyama, S BE Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Davids, CN TI Measurement of the E1 strength function of Be-11 SO ENAM 98: EXOTIC NUCLEI AND ATOMIC MASSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM 98) CY JUN 23-27, 1998 CL BELLAIRE, MI SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Superconducting Lab, Dept Energy, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB We have investigated the E1 strength function of Be-11 by Coulomb excitiation and measurement of the subsequent projectile photon decay. The photons were measured in a wall of BaF2 detectors. We have used the virtual photon method to extract the photoabsorption cross section and hence the dipole strength function. We compare our findings with sum rule predictions. This is a first example of techniques we will extend to heavier mass nuclei. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Varner, RL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-804-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 455 BP 245 EP 251 DI 10.1063/1.57217 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BM21C UT WOS:000078034400042 ER PT S AU Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Rykaczewski, K Toth, KS Davinson, T Ginter, TN Gross, CJ Grzywacz, R Janas, Z Karny, M Kim, SH MacDonald, BD Mas, JF McConnell, JW Piechaczek, A Ressler, JJ Slinger, RC Szerypo, J Walters, WB Weintraub, W Woods, PJ Yu, CH Zganjar, EF AF Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Rykaczewski, K Toth, KS Davinson, T Ginter, TN Gross, CJ Grzywacz, R Janas, Z Karny, M Kim, SH MacDonald, BD Mas, JF McConnell, JW Piechaczek, A Ressler, JJ Slinger, RC Szerypo, J Walters, WB Weintraub, W Woods, PJ Yu, CH Zganjar, EF BE Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Davids, CN TI Proton decay studies at HRIBF SO ENAM 98: EXOTIC NUCLEI AND ATOMIC MASSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM 98) CY JUN 23-27, 1998 CL BELLAIRE, MI SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Superconducting Lab, Dept Energy, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB A double-sided Si-strip detector system has been installed and commissioned at the focal plane of the Recoil Mass Spectrometer at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. The system can be used for heavy charged particle emission studies with half-lives as low as a few mu sec. In this paper we present identification and study of the decay properties of the five new proton emitters: Ho-140, Ho-141m, Tm-145, Lu-150m and Lu-151m. C1 Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Batchelder, JC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Ressler, Jennifer Jo/F-2279-2010 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-804-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 455 BP 264 EP 267 DI 10.1063/1.57328 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BM21C UT WOS:000078034400046 ER PT S AU Sonzogni, AA Davids, CN Woods, PJ Seweryniak, D Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Davinson, T Henderson, DJ Irvine, RJ Poli, GL Uusitalo, J Walters, WB AF Sonzogni, AA Davids, CN Woods, PJ Seweryniak, D Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Davinson, T Henderson, DJ Irvine, RJ Poli, GL Uusitalo, J Walters, WB BE Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Davids, CN TI Proton radioactivity from highly deformed nuclei SO ENAM 98: EXOTIC NUCLEI AND ATOMIC MASSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM 98) CY JUN 23-27, 1998 CL BELLAIRE, MI SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Superconducting Lab, Dept Energy, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB Proton emission half-lives are calculated within the DWBA formalism for Eu-131 and Ho-141 assuming permanent quadrupole deformation. The decay rates are consistent with a decay from either the 3/2(+)[411] or 5/2(+)[413] Nilsson states for Eu-131 and the 7/2-[523] Nilsson state for Ho-141. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sonzogni, AA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-804-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 455 BP 367 EP 370 DI 10.1063/1.57236 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BM21C UT WOS:000078034400072 ER PT S AU Uusitalo, J Davids, CN Woods, PJ Seweryniak, D Sonzogni, AA Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Davinson, T DeBoer, J Henderson, DJ Maier, HJ Ressler, J Slinger, R Walters, WB AF Uusitalo, J Davids, CN Woods, PJ Seweryniak, D Sonzogni, AA Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Davinson, T DeBoer, J Henderson, DJ Maier, HJ Ressler, J Slinger, R Walters, WB BE Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Davids, CN TI Proton decay of the closed neutron shell nucleus Ta-155 SO ENAM 98: EXOTIC NUCLEI AND ATOMIC MASSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM 98) CY JUN 23-27, 1998 CL BELLAIRE, MI SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Superconducting Lab, Dept Energy, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB The new proton radioactivity Ta-155 has been observed. It was produced via the p4n fusion evaporation channel using a Ni-58 beam an a Pd-102 target. The measured decay properties were: E-p = (1765+/-10) keV and t(1/2) = (12(-3)(+4)) mu s. Using the WKB approximation a spin and parity of J(pi) = 11/2(-) and a spectroscopic factor of S-p(exp) = 0.58(-0.17)(+0.22) were determined. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Uusitalo, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Ressler, Jennifer Jo/F-2279-2010 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-804-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 455 BP 375 EP 378 DI 10.1063/1.57237 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BM21C UT WOS:000078034400074 ER PT S AU Pieper, SC AF Pieper, SC BE Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Davids, CN TI Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of light nuclei SO ENAM 98: EXOTIC NUCLEI AND ATOMIC MASSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM 98) CY JUN 23-27, 1998 CL BELLAIRE, MI SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Superconducting Lab, Dept Energy, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB Quantum Monte Carlo calculations using realistic two- and three-nucleon interactions are presented for nuclei with up to eight nucleons. We have computed the ground and a few excited states of all such nuclei with Greens function Monte Carlo (GFMC) and all of the experimentally known excited states using variational Monte Carlo (VMC). The GFMC calculations show that for a given Hamiltonian, the VMC calculations of excitation spectra are reliable, but the VMC ground-state energies are significantly above the exact values. We find that the Hamiltonian we are using (which was developed based on H-3, He-4, and nuclear matter calculations) underpredicts the binding energy of p-shell nuclei. However our results for excitation spectra are very good and one can see both shelf-model and collective spectra resulting from fundamental many-nucleon calculations. Possible improvements in the three-nucleon potential are also be discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Pieper, SC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-804-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 455 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1063/1.57240 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BM21C UT WOS:000078034400077 ER PT S AU Seweryniak, D AF Seweryniak, D BE Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Davids, CN TI In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy in the vicinity of Sn-100 SO ENAM 98: EXOTIC NUCLEI AND ATOMIC MASSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM 98) CY JUN 23-27, 1998 CL BELLAIRE, MI SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Superconducting Lab, Dept Energy, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB In recent years, in-beam gamma-ray experiments supplied a vast amount of data on high-spin states in nuclei in the vicinity of Sn-100. The present contribution reviews spectroscopic information obtained recently for N greater than or equal to 50 nuclei around Sn-100, with emphasis on isomer studies, and discusses selected results in the frame of the shell model. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Seweryniak, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-804-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 455 BP 415 EP 421 DI 10.1063/1.57241 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BM21C UT WOS:000078034400079 ER PT S AU Dean, DJ AF Dean, DJ BE Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Davids, CN TI Shell-model Monte Carlo studies of nuclei far from stability SO ENAM 98: EXOTIC NUCLEI AND ATOMIC MASSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM 98) CY JUN 23-27, 1998 CL BELLAIRE, MI SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Superconducting Lab, Dept Energy, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB The shell-model Monte Carlo (SMMC) technique transforms the traditional nuclear shell-model problem into a path-integral over auxiliary fields. I describe below the method and its applications to two physics issues: calculations of electron-capture rates, and exploration of pairing correlations in unstable nuclei. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-804-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 455 BP 438 EP 443 DI 10.1063/1.57243 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BM21C UT WOS:000078034400082 ER PT S AU Gross, CJ Akovali, YA Baktash, C Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Carpenter, MP Davids, CN Davinson, T Ellis, D Galindo-Uribarri, A Ginter, TN Grzywacz, R Janssens, RVF Johnson, JW Liang, JF Lister, CJ Mas, J MacDonald, BD Paul, SD Piechaczek, A Radford, DC Reviol, W Rykaczewski, K Satula, W Seweryniak, D Shapira, D Toth, KS Weintraub, W Woods, PJ Yu, CH Zganjar, EF Uusitalo, J AF Gross, CJ Akovali, YA Baktash, C Batchelder, JC Bingham, CR Carpenter, MP Davids, CN Davinson, T Ellis, D Galindo-Uribarri, A Ginter, TN Grzywacz, R Janssens, RVF Johnson, JW Liang, JF Lister, CJ Mas, J MacDonald, BD Paul, SD Piechaczek, A Radford, DC Reviol, W Rykaczewski, K Satula, W Seweryniak, D Shapira, D Toth, KS Weintraub, W Woods, PJ Yu, CH Zganjar, EF Uusitalo, J BE Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Davids, CN TI In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy in the ground-state proton emitter Cs-113 SO ENAM 98: EXOTIC NUCLEI AND ATOMIC MASSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM 98) CY JUN 23-27, 1998 CL BELLAIRE, MI SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Superconducting Lab, Dept Energy, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB Gamma-ray transitions in the ground-state proton emitter Cs-113 have been identified using the reaction Ni-58(Ni-58,p2n) at a beam energy of 230 MeV and the recoil decay tagging technique. The first experiment was done using the Recoil Mass Spectrometer at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility where gamma-ray transitions were detected with 6 Clover and 5 Duet Ge detectors. A follow-up experiment using the GAMMASPHERE-FMA. combination at Argonne National Laboratory was performed. Ninety-six Ge and 4 LEPs detectors were used to record recoil-gamma gamma coincidences. Both experiments employed standard recoil mass separation techniques which resulted in the implantation of A=113 reaction products into a double-sided silicon-strip detector. By gating on the energy of the emitted proton and decay time, the correlation between gamma rays and the implanted Cs-113 could be observed. Initial analysis and comparison with energy level systematics of the Cs isotopes reveal a decay sequence based on the h(11/2) bandhead. Further analysis is required to determine the decay of this sequence to the expected positive parity ground state. C1 Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gross, CJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI radford, David/A-3928-2015 NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-804-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 455 BP 444 EP 449 DI 10.1063/1.57244 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BM21C UT WOS:000078034400083 ER PT S AU Rykaczewski, K Kurpeta, J Plochocki, A Karny, M Szerypo, J Evensen, AH Kugler, E Lettry, J Ravn, H VanDuppen, P Andreyev, A Huyse, M Wohr, A Jokinen, A Aysto, J Nieminen, A Huhta, M Ramdhane, M Walter, G Hoff, P AF Rykaczewski, K Kurpeta, J Plochocki, A Karny, M Szerypo, J Evensen, AH Kugler, E Lettry, J Ravn, H VanDuppen, P Andreyev, A Huyse, M Wohr, A Jokinen, A Aysto, J Nieminen, A Huhta, M Ramdhane, M Walter, G Hoff, P CA ISOLDE Collaboration BE Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Davids, CN TI Production and identification of new, neutron-rich nuclei in the Pb-208 region SO ENAM 98: EXOTIC NUCLEI AND ATOMIC MASSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM 98) CY JUN 23-27, 1998 CL BELLAIRE, MI SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Superconducting Lab, Dept Energy, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB The recently developed methods allowing the experimental studies on new neutron-rich nuclei beyond doubly-magic Pb-208 are briefly described. An identification of new neutron-rich isotopes Pb-215 and Bi-217, and new decay properties of Bi-216 studied by means of a pursed release element selective technique at PS Booster-ISOLDE are reported. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rykaczewski, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-804-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 455 BP 581 EP 584 DI 10.1063/1.57263 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BM21C UT WOS:000078034400116 ER PT S AU Schwartz, J Lister, CJ Henderson, DH Fischer, SM Reiter, P Aprahamian, A Cizewski, JA Davids, CN deHaan, R Janssens, RVF Nisius, D Seweryniak, D Vincent, SM AF Schwartz, J Lister, CJ Henderson, DH Fischer, SM Reiter, P Aprahamian, A Cizewski, JA Davids, CN deHaan, R Janssens, RVF Nisius, D Seweryniak, D Vincent, SM BE Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Davids, CN TI Coulomb excitation of a Rb-78 radioactive beam SO ENAM 98: EXOTIC NUCLEI AND ATOMIC MASSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM 98) CY JUN 23-27, 1998 CL BELLAIRE, MI SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Superconducting Lab, Dept Energy, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB We have produced a secondary radioactive beam of Rb-78 and Coulomb re-excited it. The beam was produced in the reaction Mg-24(Ni-58,3pn)Rb-78 at a beam energy of 260 MeV, using the ANL ATLAS accelerator. The residues of interest were separated from other reaction products and non-interacting beam using the Fragment Mass Analyzer (FMA). The beam leaving the FMA was Kr-78 and Rb-78(gs,m1,m2), which was refocused onto a Ni-58 secondary target. We have extracted a spectrum of gamma-rays associated with re-excitation of A=78 isobars. The re-excitation of stable Kr-78 was observed, which serves as a reference. gamma-rays associated with excitation of Rb-78(gs,m1,m2) were also seen. The measured yields indicate that all the Rb-78 states are highly deformed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schwartz, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-804-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 455 BP 589 EP 593 DI 10.1063/1.57351 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BM21C UT WOS:000078034400118 ER PT S AU Ahmad, I Back, BB Bacher, A Berg, GPA Chasman, RR Foster, CC Greene, JP Ishii, T Lozowski, WR Morss, LR Schmitt, W Stephenson, EJ Yamanaka, T AF Ahmad, I Back, BB Bacher, A Berg, GPA Chasman, RR Foster, CC Greene, JP Ishii, T Lozowski, WR Morss, LR Schmitt, W Stephenson, EJ Yamanaka, T BE Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Davids, CN TI Study of the high-j states in Cm-249 SO ENAM 98: EXOTIC NUCLEI AND ATOMIC MASSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM 98) CY JUN 23-27, 1998 CL BELLAIRE, MI SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Superconducting Lab, Dept Energy, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB We have performed the reaction Cm-248(He-4,He-3) using 98.5-MeV alpha particles from the IUCF cyclotron to populate high-j states in Cm-249. A tentative assignment of the k(17/2) component of the 1/2(+)[880] Nilsson state has been made. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ahmad, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-804-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 455 BP 682 EP 685 DI 10.1063/1.57271 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BM21C UT WOS:000078034400134 ER PT S AU Moller, P Armbruster, P Hofmann, S Munzenberg, G AF Moller, P Armbruster, P Hofmann, S Munzenberg, G BE Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Davids, CN TI Systematics of calculated cold-fusion barriers for reactions leading to compound systems from Z = 104 to Z = 126 SO ENAM 98: EXOTIC NUCLEI AND ATOMIC MASSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM 98) CY JUN 23-27, 1998 CL BELLAIRE, MI SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Superconducting Lab, Dept Energy, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB We have previously shown that just as the decay properties of nuclei in the heavy region depend strongly on shell structure, shell structure also dramatically affects the fusion entrance channel. The six most recently discovered new elements were all formed in cold-fusion reactions. We discuss here the effect of the doubly-magic structure of the target in cold-fusion reactions on the fusion barrier and present a systematic study of cold-fusion heavy-ion reaction barriers for elements from Rf to Z = 126. We find that the systematics of the optimum reaction energy may change near Z = 112, because here the highest point on the interaction barrier shifts in location from near the touching distance at r/R-0 approximate to 1.5 to r/R-0 approximate to 1.0, which is a shape configuration just slightly more deformed than the ground state. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moller, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-804-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 455 BP 698 EP 703 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BM21C UT WOS:000078034400138 ER PT S AU Ninov, V Gregorich, KE McGrath, CA AF Ninov, V Gregorich, KE McGrath, CA BE Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Davids, CN TI The Berkeley gas-filled separator SO ENAM 98: EXOTIC NUCLEI AND ATOMIC MASSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM 98) CY JUN 23-27, 1998 CL BELLAIRE, MI SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Superconducting Lab, Dept Energy, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB The BGS is being constructed at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at LBNL in Berkeley. The magnetic configuration of the BGS will allow a large angular acceptance and good suppression of primary beam particles. BGS operates as a mass spectrometer with a A/Delta A approximate to 200 and as a gas filled separator at pressures between 0.1-50 hPa. The reaction products recoiling off a thin target will be collected with efficiencies from 10-80 % at the focal plane. A Monte Carlo simulation program of the ion transport through the gas-filled magnets in combination of 3-dimensional TOSCA field maps has been developed and reproduces closely the experimental behavior of BGS. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ninov, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-804-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 455 BP 704 EP 707 DI 10.1063/1.57362 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BM21C UT WOS:000078034400139 ER PT S AU Moller, P AF Moller, P BE Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Davids, CN TI Early and current stability predictions for nuclei near Z=110 and N=162 SO ENAM 98: EXOTIC NUCLEI AND ATOMIC MASSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM 98) CY JUN 23-27, 1998 CL BELLAIRE, MI SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Superconducting Lab, Dept Energy, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB We discuss why early super-heavy element calculations made no mention of the now observed island of deformed superheavy elements in the vicinity of proton number Z=110 and neutron number N=162. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moller, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-804-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 455 BP 715 EP 716 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BM21C UT WOS:000078034400142 ER PT S AU Nolen, JA AF Nolen, JA BE Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Davids, CN TI Status of RNB facilities in North America SO ENAM 98: EXOTIC NUCLEI AND ATOMIC MASSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM 98) CY JUN 23-27, 1998 CL BELLAIRE, MI SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Superconducting Lab, Dept Energy, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB This paper presents the status of accelerator facilities in North America that are involved in research using radioactive nuclear beams (RNB), including existing and operating facilities, ones currently under construction or undergoing major upgrades, and ones being planned or proposed for the future. Existing RNB facilities are located at TRIUMF (TISOL) in Vancouver, B.C., the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the Argonne Tandem Linear Accelerator System (ATLAS) at Argonne National Laboratory, the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at Michigan State University, the Nuclear Structure Laboratory at The University of Notre Dame, the 88 " Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and the Cyclotron Institute at Texas A&M University. Currently, there are two major RNB facility upgrades in progress in North America, one at TRIUMF, the ISAC project, and one at NSCL, the Intensity Upgrade project. For the future, the U. S. Nuclear Science Advisory Committee has given high priority for an advanced RNB facility of the ISOL type. Concepts for such a facility, currently being developed at Argonne National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory, are presented. Plans are also being developed in Canada at TRIUMF for a major upgrade of the ISAC facility. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Nolen, JA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-804-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 455 BP 952 EP 959 DI 10.1063/1.57299 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BM21C UT WOS:000078034400184 ER PT S AU Powell, J Guo, FQ Haustein, PE Joosten, R Larimer, RM Lyneis, C Moltz, DM Norman, EB O'Neil, JP Rowe, MW VanBrocklin, HF Xie, ZQ Xu, XJ Cerny, J AF Powell, J Guo, FQ Haustein, PE Joosten, R Larimer, RM Lyneis, C Moltz, DM Norman, EB O'Neil, JP Rowe, MW VanBrocklin, HF Xie, ZQ Xu, XJ Cerny, J BE Sherrill, BM Morrissey, DJ Davids, CN TI BEARS: Radioactive ion beams at LBNL SO ENAM 98: EXOTIC NUCLEI AND ATOMIC MASSES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM 98) CY JUN 23-27, 1998 CL BELLAIRE, MI SP Argonne Natl Lab, Natl Superconducting Lab, Dept Energy, Natl Sci Fdn, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys AB BEARS is an initiative to develop a radioactive ion-beam capability at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The aim is to produce isotopes at an existing medical cyclotron and to accelerate them at the 88" Cyclotron. To overcome the 300-meter physical separation of these two accelerators, a carrier-gas transport system will be used. At the terminus of the capillary, the carrier gas will be separated and the isotopes will be injected into the 88" Cyclotron's Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion source. The first radioactive beams to be developed will include 20-min C-11 and 70-sec O-14, produced by (p,n) and (p,cx) reactions on low-Z targets. A test program is currently being conducted at the 88" Cyclotron to develop the parts of the BEARS system. Preliminary results of these tests lead to projections of initial C-11 beams of up to 2.5 x 10(7) ions/sec and O-14 beams of 3 x 10(5) ions/sec. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Powell, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-804-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 VL 455 BP 999 EP 1002 DI 10.1063/1.57305 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BM21C UT WOS:000078034400194 ER PT S AU Moore, JS Maples, JD Patterson, PD AF Moore, JS Maples, JD Patterson, PD GP NRC TI Light-duty diesels - Consumer perspectives and US energy supply issues SO ENERGY, AIR QUALITY AND FUELS 1998 SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 77th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB An assessment of the potential for diesel engine light-duty vehicles to reduce petroleum consumption and greenhouse gas emissions is presented. Historical diesel vehicle sales behavior is presented and analyzed. Future market penetration and resultant petroleum consumption and emission reductions for advanced diesel engines are projected. Results of a survey of new vehicle buyer attitudes toward improved diesel engines are presented and analyzed. Effects of increased diesel market share on diesel fuel supply and price are estimated. Overall, the outlook for diesels in light vehicles is somewhat promising if pollution issues and consumer concerns about the earlier diesels can be addressed. C1 TA Engn Inc, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Univ Tennessee, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. US Dept Energy, Off Transportat Technol, Washington, DC 20551 USA. RP Moore, JS (reprint author), TA Engn Inc, 405 Frederick Rd,Suite 252, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06514-3 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1998 IS 1641 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN48S UT WOS:000082013600003 ER PT S AU Mintz, MM Wang, MQ Vyas, AD AF Mintz, MM Wang, MQ Vyas, AD GP NRC TI Fuel-cycle energy and emissions effects of tripled fuel-economy vehicles SO ENERGY, AIR QUALITY AND FUELS 1998 SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 77th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB Estimates of the full fuel-cycle energy and emissions effects of light-duty vehicles with tripled fuel economy (3X vehicles) as currently being developed by the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles are presented. Seven engine and fuel combinations were analyzed: reformulated gasoline, methanol, and ethanol in spark-ignition, direct-injection engines; low-sulfur diesel and dimethyl ether in compression-ignition, direct-injection engines; and hydrogen and methanol in fuel-cell vehicles. Results were obtained for two market share scenarios. Under the higher of the two scenarios, the fuel-efficiency gain by 3X vehicles translated directly into reductions in total energy demand, petroleum demand, and carbon dioxide emissions. The combination of fuel substitution and fuel efficiency resulted in substantial reductions in emissions of nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, sulfur oxide, and particulate matter smaller than 10 microns (PM10) for most of the engine-fuel combinations examined. The key exceptions were diesel- and ethanol-fueled vehicles, for which PM10 emissions increased. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Mintz, MM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06514-3 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1998 IS 1641 BP 115 EP 122 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN48S UT WOS:000082013600014 ER PT S AU Stork, K Singh, M Wang, M Vyas, A AF Stork, K Singh, M Wang, M Vyas, A GP NRC TI Assessment of capital requirements for alternative fuels infrastructure under the partnership for a new generation of vehicles program SO ENERGY, AIR QUALITY AND FUELS 1998 SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 77th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB An assessment of the capital requirements associated with six different fuels in light-duty vehicles being developed by the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles to achieve tripled fuel economy is presented. The six fuels include two petroleum-based fuels (reformulated gasoline and low-sulfur diesel) and four alternative fuels (methanol. ethanol, dimethyl ether, and hydrogen). Estimates of the cumulative capital needs for establishing fuel production and distribution infrastructure to accommodate the fuel needs of tripled fuel economy (3X) vehicles are developed. Two levels of fuel volume-Il 000 m(3) (70,000 barrels) per day and 254 000 m(3) (1.6 million barrels) per day-were established for meeting 3X-vehicle fuel demand. As expected, infrastructure capital needs for the high fuel demand level are much higher than for the low fuel demand level. Between fuel production infrastructure and distribution infrastructure, capital needs for the former Ear exceed those for the latter. Among the four alternative fuels, hydrogen bears the largest capital needs for production and distribution infrastructure. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Stork, K (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Energy Syst, Ctr Transportat Res, 9700 S Cass Ave,362-C211, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06514-3 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1998 IS 1641 BP 123 EP 129 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN48S UT WOS:000082013600015 ER PT S AU Tompkins, M Bunch, D Santini, D Bradley, M Vyas, A Foyer, D AF Tompkins, M Bunch, D Santini, D Bradley, M Vyas, A Foyer, D GP NRC TI Determinants of alternative fuel vehicle choice in the continental United States SO ENERGY, AIR QUALITY AND FUELS 1998 SE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 77th Annual Meeting of the Transportation-Research-Board CY JAN, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Transportat Res Board AB The ongoing investigation into the determinants of alternative fuel vehicle choice is described. A stated preference vehicle choice survey was conducted for the 47 continental U.S. states, excluding California. The national survey is based on, and is an extension of, previous studies on alternative fuel vehicle choice for the state of California conducted by the University of California's Institute of Transportation Studies. Several vehicle choice models are being developed on the basis of the survey information. Preliminary model estimates using the national survey alone plus estimates for a "pooled" model using both California and national survey information are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Mark Bradley Res & Consulting Inc, Fairfax, CA 94930 USA. RP Tompkins, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Decis & Informat Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 BN 0-309-06514-3 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC PY 1998 IS 1641 BP 130 EP 138 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation SC Engineering; Transportation GA BN48S UT WOS:000082013600016 ER PT B AU Sukamto, JPH Orth, RJ Rassat, SD Lilga, MA Hallen, RT AF Sukamto, JPH Orth, RJ Rassat, SD Lilga, MA Hallen, RT BE Walton, CW Rudd, EJ TI Separations using electroactive materials for DOE tank waste applications SO ENERGY AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSING FOR A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society/International-Society-of-Electrochemistry on Energy and Electrochemical Processing for a Cleaner Environment CY AUG-SEP -, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Electrochem Soc, Int Soc Electrochem AB Engineering issues are discussed for the application of nickel hexacyanoferrate films for the removal of radioactive cesium from basin waters at the Hanford site. Film selectivity, capacity, and stability are addressed as well as the methodology for assessing the feasibility of treating large quantities of contaminated water. Film selectivity for cesium ions in the presence of excess sodium is demonstrated. Films prepared using proprietary procedures are shown to have higher capacity, stability, and resistance to degradation in basic solutions. In particular, films have been prepared with a capacity two times those obtained using a procedure described in the literature. These alternative film deposition procedures are shown to produce films minimally 50% more stable with cycling. The uptake and elution rates of the films are shown to be dependent on the film preparation technique. The benefits and shortcomings of a procedure for assessing the feasibility of treating large quantities of contaminated water are provided. The procedure uses a set of models to estimate the breakthrough characteristics of an ion exchange column employing nickel hexacyanoferrate films as the ion exchangers. The models are based on material balance relationships. Preliminary projection is promising. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sukamto, JPH (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-181-1 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 97 IS 28 BP 393 EP 418 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Applied; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Engineering GA BK65G UT WOS:000072959300037 ER PT J AU Glaser, CJ AF Glaser, CJ TI The industrial assessment center (IAC) program US Department of Energy SO ENERGY ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE, Ind Assessment Ctr Program, Off Ind Technol Energy Efficiency & Renewable Ene, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Glaser, CJ (reprint author), US DOE, Ind Assessment Ctr Program, Off Ind Technol Energy Efficiency & Renewable Ene, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGY ENGINEERING PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA SN 0199-8595 J9 ENERG ENG JI Energy Eng. PY 1998 VL 95 IS 5 BP 6 EP 7 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 297JP UT WOS:000086079600002 ER PT J AU Page, ER Siminovitch, MJ AF Page, ER Siminovitch, MJ TI The energy case against halogen torchieres SO ENERGY ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB While a mountain of press has attacked halogen torchieres regarding safety concerns, little attention has been paid to their massive energy consumption. At LBNL, a series of commercial 300-Watt tungsten halogen torchieres have been studied in order to determine their energy use, power quality, and photometric performance, This work has served as the background for an ongoing program aimed at developing novel high-efficiency torchieres using compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). Experimental data is presented indicating a wide range of lumen output, power input and efficacy characteristics for halogen torchieres. Typical imported torchiere systems can have a relatively low system efficacy in the range of 5-10 LPW depending on the specific source, dimming methods, and optical characteristics. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Lighting Syst Res Grp, Energy Efficient Residual Fixtures Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Lighting Syst Res Grp, Compact Fluorescent Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Page, ER (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Lighting Syst Res Grp, Energy Efficient Residual Fixtures Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENERGY ENGINEERING PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA SN 0199-8595 J9 ENERG ENG JI Energy Eng. PY 1998 VL 95 IS 2 BP 34 EP 43 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels SC Energy & Fuels GA 297JJ UT WOS:000086079000005 ER PT B AU Archibald, JP Harris, LR Sadler, T Hunt, DM Sandusky, WF AF Archibald, JP Harris, LR Sadler, T Hunt, DM Sandusky, WF BE Ricketts, J TI What's new in FEMP energy savings performance contracting and federal utility financing efforts SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL VISIONS FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th World Energy Engineering Congress (WEEC) CY NOV 19-21, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Natl Assoc State Energy Officials, US Dept Commerce, US DOE, Off Natl Programs, US Gen Serv Adm, Natl Assoc Energy Serv Co, Power Marketing Assoc, Atlanta Gas Light Co, Gas Res Inst, Amer Gas Cooling Ctr, Ind Ctr Inc C1 US Dept Energy, Washington, DC USA. RP Archibald, JP (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-289-3 PY 1998 BP 211 EP 217 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR93V UT WOS:000168119300025 ER PT B AU Colvin, MA AF Colvin, MA BE Ricketts, J TI Alternative financing through utility programs for federal energy & water saving projects SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL VISIONS FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th World Energy Engineering Congress (WEEC) CY NOV 19-21, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Natl Assoc State Energy Officials, US Dept Commerce, US DOE, Off Natl Programs, US Gen Serv Adm, Natl Assoc Energy Serv Co, Power Marketing Assoc, Atlanta Gas Light Co, Gas Res Inst, Amer Gas Cooling Ctr, Ind Ctr Inc AB The Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPACT) and other regulations open the door for Federal agencies to use utility programs to implement energy-saving, environmentally friendly projects. Today, because of increased competition spawned by utility restructuring, utilities are offering programs never before offered, ranging from financing to audits to project management. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Colvin, MA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-289-3 PY 1998 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR93V UT WOS:000168119300026 ER PT B AU Hunt, DM AF Hunt, DM BE Ricketts, J TI Ways to sell alternative financing in the federal government SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL VISIONS FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th World Energy Engineering Congress (WEEC) CY NOV 19-21, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Natl Assoc State Energy Officials, US Dept Commerce, US DOE, Off Natl Programs, US Gen Serv Adm, Natl Assoc Energy Serv Co, Power Marketing Assoc, Atlanta Gas Light Co, Gas Res Inst, Amer Gas Cooling Ctr, Ind Ctr Inc C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hunt, DM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-289-3 PY 1998 BP 231 EP 238 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR93V UT WOS:000168119300028 ER PT B AU Taylor, PE Becker, MH Ezell, LN AF Taylor, PE Becker, MH Ezell, LN BE Ricketts, J TI Technical assistance for new federal buildings case study: Smithsonian Institution Air and Space Museum Dulles Center SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL VISIONS FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th World Energy Engineering Congress (WEEC) CY NOV 19-21, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Natl Assoc State Energy Officials, US Dept Commerce, US DOE, Off Natl Programs, US Gen Serv Adm, Natl Assoc Energy Serv Co, Power Marketing Assoc, Atlanta Gas Light Co, Gas Res Inst, Amer Gas Cooling Ctr, Ind Ctr Inc C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Taylor, PE (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-289-3 PY 1998 BP 257 EP 260 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR93V UT WOS:000168119300032 ER PT B AU Dindal, AB Bayne, CK Jenkins, RA Carden, DM Billets, S AF Dindal, AB Bayne, CK Jenkins, RA Carden, DM Billets, S BE Ricketts, J TI Field technologies for the measurement of PCBs SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL VISIONS FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th World Energy Engineering Congress (WEEC) CY NOV 19-21, 1997 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Natl Assoc State Energy Officials, US Dept Commerce, US DOE, Off Natl Programs, US Gen Serv Adm, Natl Assoc Energy Serv Co, Power Marketing Assoc, Atlanta Gas Light Co, Gas Res Inst, Amer Gas Cooling Ctr, Ind Ctr Inc AB The collaborative effort between the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) represents a viable team to administer, plan, execute, and report on demonstrations of commercially available field characterization and monitoring technologies. This effort is part of the EPA's Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program. One of the overriding goals of this effort is to develop regulatory-accepted and cost effective alternatives to conventional fixed laboratory analyses through the identification and evaluation of innovative, field technologies. A technology demonstration of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) field analytical techniques will occur during July 22 through 30, 1997. The demonstration will be conducted at a DOE site (ORNL) where there is a substantial repository of PCB-contaminated materials from multiple DOE sites. Technology developers with PCB monitoring instrumentation will be evaluated. These instruments will include field portable gas chromatographs with surface acoustic wave and electron capture detectors, and field analysis kits, such as immunoassay and ion specific electrode kits. These instruments are suitable for the quantification of PCBs in a variety of matrices. Soil and surface samples will be evaluated during the demonstration. The demonstration will focus on the current DOE-Oak Ridge analytical needs to support Toxic Substance and Control Act (TSCA) decisions, while allowing developers to showcase the features of their technologies. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res Corp, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dindal, AB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res Corp, Chem & Analyt Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAIRMONT PRESS INC PI LILBURN PA 700 INDIAN TRAIL, LILBURN, GA 30047 USA BN 0-88173-289-3 PY 1998 BP 421 EP 426 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BR93V UT WOS:000168119300055 ER PT J AU Gregoire-Padro, CE AF Gregoire-Padro, CE TI Hydrogen, the once and future fuel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gregoire-Padro, CE (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1021/ef970197p PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YR751 UT WOS:000071526600001 ER PT J AU Wang, DN Czernik, S Chornet, E AF Wang, DN Czernik, S Chornet, E TI Production of hydrogen from biomass by catalytic steam reforming of fast pyrolysis oils SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID AB Hydrogen is of great interest as the cleanest fuel for power generation using fuel cells and for transportation. Biomass can be thermochemically converted to hydrogen via two distinct strategies: (1) gasification followed by shift conversion, and (2) fast pyrolysis of biomass followed by catalytic steam reforming and shift conversion of specific fractions. This paper presents the latter route. The process begins with fast pyrolysis of biomass to produce bio-oil, which (as a whole or its selected fractions) can be converted to hydrogen via catalytic steam reforming followed by a shift conversion step. Such a process has been demonstrated at the bench scale using model compounds and the aqueous fraction of poplar oil with commercia! nickel-based steam-reforming catalysts. Hydrogen yields as high as 85% of the stoichiometric value have been obtained. Initial catalyst activity can be maintained through periodic regeneration via steam or carbon dioxide (CO2) gasification of the carbonaceous deposits. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Chornet, E (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 18 TC 211 Z9 234 U1 4 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1021/ef970102j PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YR751 UT WOS:000071526600004 ER PT J AU Berry, GD Aceves, SM AF Berry, GD Aceves, SM TI Onboard storage alternatives for hydrogen vehicles SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article AB Three viable technologies for storing hydrogen fuel on cars are currently available: compressed gas, metal hydride adsorption, and cryogenic liquid. However, each of these has significant disadvantages: volume, weight, boiling losses, or energy to compress or liquefy the hydrogen. Two alternative approaches are analyzed in this paper: pressure vessels with cryogenic capability and a combination of a metal hydride and liquid hydrogen storage. These alternatives are compared to baseline compressed hydrogen and liquid hydrogen (LH2) storage in terms of volume, vehicle range, dormancy, energy required for fuel processing, and cost. The results indicate that the alternative methods can result in a reduced volume, if packaging is a constraint; or in an extended range, if this is a desirable feature. Cryogenic pressure vessels, with one-fifth the insulation of LH2 systems, have comparable or better dormancy than LH2 systems. Energy requirements and cost appear favorable for the alternative systems. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Aceves, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-640, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI aceves, salvador/G-9052-2011 OI aceves, salvador/0000-0001-5687-7256 NR 13 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1021/ef9700947 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YR751 UT WOS:000071526600007 ER PT J AU Mitlitsky, F Myers, B Weisberg, AH AF Mitlitsky, F Myers, B Weisberg, AH TI Regenerative fuel cell systems SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article AB Regenerative fuel cell (RFC) systems produce power and electrolytically regenerate their reactants using stacks of electrochemical cells. Energy storage systems with extremely high specific energy (>400 Wh/kg) have been designed that use lightweight pressure vessels to contain the gases generated by reversible (unitized) regenerative fuel cells (URFCs), Progress is reported on the development, integration, and operation of rechargeable energy storage systems with such high specific energy, A primary fuel cell test rig with a single cell (46 cm(2) active area! has been modified and operated reversibly as a URFC (for up to 2010 cycles on a single cell,, This URFC uses bifunctional electrodes (oxidation and reduction electrodes reverse roles when snitching from charge to discharge, as with a rechargeable battery) and cathode feed electrolysis (water is fed from the hydrogen side of the cell), Lightweight pressure vessels with performance factors (burst pressure x internal volume/tank weight) > 50 km 12.0 million in.) have been designed, and a vessel with performance factor of 40 km (1.6 million in.) was fabricated, These vessels use lightweight bladder liners that act as inflatable mandrels for composite overwrap and provide the permeation barrier for gas storage, Bladders are fabricated using materials that are compatible with humidified, electrolyzed gases and are designed to be compatible with elevated temperatures that occur during fast fills or epoxy curing cycles, RFC systems are considered that use hydrogen/oxygen, hydrogen/air, or hydrogen/halogen chemistries, Hydrogen/halogen URFCs are capable of higher round-trip efficiency than hydrogen/oxygen URFCs but are significantly heavier, Therefore, hydrogen/halogen URFCs are advantageous for stationary applications, whereas hydrogen/oxygen URFCs are advantageous for mobile applications, Safety aspects of halogens may prohibit their use in densely populated areas and some commercial applications, so these niches can also benefit from hydrogen/oxygen URFCs. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Mitlitsky, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-045, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 16 TC 98 Z9 102 U1 1 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 56 EP 71 DI 10.1021/ef970151w PG 16 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YR751 UT WOS:000071526600008 ER PT J AU Van Blarigan, P AF Van Blarigan, P TI Advanced hydrogen fueled internal combustion engines SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article AB The Hydrogen Program at Sandia National Laboratories is developing internal combustion engine generators for application in series hybrid vehicles and stationary power units. The program consists of two approaches: investigating the utilization of hydrogen in a conventional crankshaft driven engine and in an advanced free piston configuration. The conventional engine program has taken the direction of utilizing the unique ability to spark ignite homogeneous fuel/air mixtures of hydrogen at low equivalence ratios (f approximate to 0.4) to achieve low NOx emissions and high thermal efficiency. The goal is to translate the indicated thermal efficiency of single-cylinder engines into multicylinder configurations achieving at least 40% brake thermal efficiency. When coupled to an electrical generator, the fuel to electricity conversion efficiency would be approximately 37%. A modified Perkins 3.152 Diesel engine (8.50 cm(3) per cylinder) is currently being tested and has achieved an indicated thermal efficiency of 45% in preliminary operations. The advanced free piston design utilizes a new approach to IC engine combustion. A double-ended free piston is used to compression ignite homogeneous fuel/air mixtures as it oscillates inside a closed cylinder. Through this oscillation, electrical energy is generated in a linear alternator which acts also to control the piston motion by actively adjusting the electromagnetic forces felt by the piston. Electricity is the output of this engine, and electronic control of the compression ratio is achieved with extreme mechanical simplicity. Fresh charge is introduced to the engine in a modern two-stroke cycle fashion. Initial testing in a single-cycle experiment has validated the potential of this alternative combustion system, as it has produced an indicated thermal efficiency of 56% with essentially zero NOx emissions, Development of these advanced generators continues. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Van Blarigan, P (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, 7011 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 72 EP 77 DI 10.1021/ef9701100 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YR751 UT WOS:000071526600009 ER PT J AU Marinov, NM Curran, HJ Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK AF Marinov, NM Curran, HJ Pitz, WJ Westbrook, CK TI Chemical kinetic modeling of hydrogen under conditions found in internal combustion engines SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article AB A chemical kinetic model is used to study the combustion characteristics of hydrogen under conditions found in internal combustion engines. Laminar flame speeds are predicted under the high-pressure and high-temperature conditions found in a spark-ignition engine. The variation of laminar flame speed with temperature, pressure, and equivalence ratio is examined. The autoignition of hydrogen and hydrogen-natural gas mixtures is also studied under conditions found in a free-piston compression-ignition engine. This engine is expected to exhibit high efficiencies operating on hydrogen, The results suggest that adding small amounts of natural gas to hydrogen will reduce NOx emissions from a free-piston compression-ignition engine. Calculations showed that the predicted NO concentrations correlated well with the maximum temperature in the cycle and that the NO was mostly produced by Ng + O = NO + N. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Pitz, WJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-14, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. OI Curran, Henry/0000-0002-5124-8562 NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 12 IS 1 BP 78 EP 82 DI 10.1021/ef9701044 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YR751 UT WOS:000071526600010 ER PT J AU Hirst, E Kirby, B AF Hirst, E Kirby, B TI Simulating the operation of markets for bulk-power ancillary services SO ENERGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB The U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) requires electric utilities to offer six ancillary services. Most of the tariffs filed with FERC price these services on the basis of traditional cost-of-service (embedded) costs. Because most of these services are provided by generating units, however, it should be possible to create competitive markets for them. This paper describes the structure of, and results from, a spreadsheet model that simulates markets for seven services: losses, regulation, spinning reserve, supplemental reserve, load following, energy imbalance, and voltage support. The model also analyzes system control, although this service will continue to be provided solely by the system operator under cost-based prices. Developing this computer model demonstrated the likely complexity of markets for energy and ancillary services. This complexity arises because these markets are highly interdependent. For example, the cost of regulation (the frequent change in generator outputs to track the minute-to-minute fluctuations in system load) depends strongly on which units are already being dispatched to provide energy and losses, their variable costs, and their operating levels relative to their maximum and minimum loading points. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Elect Ind Policy Studies Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hirst, E (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Elect Ind Policy Studies Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, STE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA SN 0195-6574 J9 ENERGY J JI Energy J. PY 1998 VL 19 IS 3 BP 49 EP 68 PG 20 WC Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA ZX949 UT WOS:000074571600003 ER PT J AU Byrne, J Shen, B Wallace, W AF Byrne, J Shen, B Wallace, W TI The economics of sustainable energy for rural development: A study of renewable energy in rural China SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE renewable energy; rural energy policy; economics of renewable energy; sustainable development AB This paper examines recent modeling efforts and case studies to evaluate the economic viability of off-grid renewable energy technologies for rural application in developing countries. Case studies have been conducted for a representative sample of 41 households from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, who have operating experience of at least one year with small, off-grid wind (less than 400 W) and photovoltaic (less than 150 W-p) systems, Our analyses indicate that levelized costs of off-grid, household-scale renewable energy systems are cost-competitive with conventional gasoline gen-sets and PV/wind hybrid systems appear to be an economic means of providing year-round electricity service and meeting the rising energy demands of remote households in Inner Mongolia, Policy recommendations for spurring the market development of renewable energy technologies in developing countries are provided in the final section of the paper, (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Energy & Environm Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Byrne, J (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Energy & Environm Policy, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NR 15 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JAN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 1 BP 45 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(97)00099-2 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YQ412 UT WOS:000071384300006 ER PT J AU Greene, DL Jones, DW Leiby, PN AF Greene, DL Jones, DW Leiby, PN TI The outlook for US oil dependence SO ENERGY POLICY LA English DT Article DE energy security; Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC); petroleum ID OPEC; PRICE; MARKET; MACROECONOMY; COUNTRIES; SECURITY; CARTEL; ENERGY; POLICY; DEMAND AB Oil dependence is defined as a dynamic problem of short-and long-run market power, The potential monopoly power of an oil cartel depends on its market share and the elasticities of oil supply and demand, while the economic vulnerability of oil-consuming states depends most directly on the quantity of oil imported and the oil cost share of gross domestic product (GDP), Of these factors, only the market share of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) cartel and the rate of growth of world oil demand are clearly different than they were 25 years ago, OPEC still holds the majority of world oil and, in the future, will regain market share, A hypothetical 2-year supply reduction in 2005-2006, similar in size to those of 1973-1974 or 1979-1980, illustrates the potential benefits to OPEC and harm to the US economy of a future oil price shock, OPEC's revenues are estimated to increase by roughly $0.7 trillion, while the US economy loses about $0.5 trillion, Strategic petroleum reserves seem ineffective against a determined, multi-year supply curtailment, Increasing the market's price responsiveness by improving the technologies of oil supply and oil demand can greatly reduce the costs of oil dependence, Each element of this interpretation of the oil dependence problem is well supported by previous studies, This paper's contribution is to unite these elements into a coherent explanation and to point out the enormously important implications for energy policy. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Analysts, Senior Res Staff, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Greene, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Analysts, Senior Res Staff, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 82 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4215 J9 ENERG POLICY JI Energy Policy PD JAN PY 1998 VL 26 IS 1 BP 55 EP 69 DI 10.1016/S0301-4215(97)00102-X PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YQ412 UT WOS:000071384300007 ER PT S AU DePoy, JM AF DePoy, JM BE DePersia, AT Pennella, JJ TI Mobile access control vestibule SO ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enforcement and Security Technologies CY NOV 03-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE mobile command centers; deployable communication systems; secure communications; ad hoc networks AB The Mobile Access Control Vestibule (MACV) is an adaptation of techniques developed for mobile military command centers. The overall configuration of modules acts as an entry control/screening facility or transportable command center. The system would provide the following capabilities: A key element for Force Protection, rapid deployment units sent to areas having no pre-positioned equipment or where there has been a degradation of that equipment as a result of natural disasters or civil unrest. A rapidly deployable security control center to upgrade the security at non-military sites (e.g., diplomatic or humanitarian organizations). Personnel screening, package screening, badge/identification card production for authorized personnel, centralized monitoring of deployed perimeter sensors, and centralized communications for law enforcement personnel. Self-contained screening and threat detection systems, including explosives detection using the system developed by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) for the FAA. When coupled with transportable electric generators, the system is self-sufficient. The communication system for the MACV would be a combination of physically wired and wireless communication units that supports by ad hoc networking. C1 Sandia Natl Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. RP DePoy, JM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Lab, MSO784, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3041-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3575 BP 2 EP 8 DI 10.1117/12.334974 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BM46H UT WOS:000078814600001 ER PT S AU McMakin, DL Sheen, DM Hall, TE Severtsen, RH AF McMakin, DL Sheen, DM Hall, TE Severtsen, RH BE DePersia, AT Pennella, JJ TI Cylindrical holographic radar camera SO ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enforcement and Security Technologies CY NOV 03-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE millimeter-wave; holography; imaging; surveillance; weapons detection AB A novel personnel surveillance system has been developed to rapidly obtain 360 degree, full-body images of humans for the detection and identification of concealed threats. Detectable threats include weapons fabricated with metal, plastic, and ceramic as well as explosive solids and liquids. This new system uses a cylindrical mechanical scanner to move a seven-foot, 384 element, Ka band (26 - 30 GHz) array circumferentially around a person in four to seven seconds. Low power millimeter-waves, which are non-ionizing and not harmful to humans, are employed because they readily penetrate clothing barriers and reflect from concealed threats. The reflected waves provide information that is reconstructed into "3-D" cylindrical holographic images with high-speed, digital signal processing (DSP) boards. This system is capable of displaying in an animation format eight, sixteen, thirty two or sixty four image frames at various aspect angles around the person under surveillance. This new prototype surveillance system is operational and is presently under laboratory testing and evaluation. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP McMakin, DL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3041-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3575 BP 79 EP 88 DI 10.1117/12.334976 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BM46H UT WOS:000078814600010 ER PT S AU Spencer, DS Morrison, GS AF Spencer, DS Morrison, GS BE DePersia, AT Pennella, JJ TI Assessing the security vulnerabilities of correctional facilities SO ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enforcement and Security Technologies CY NOV 03-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE vulnerability assessment; correctional facility; detection; security AB The National Institute of Justice has tasked their Satellite Facility at Sandia National Laboratories and their Southeast Regional Technology Center in Charleston, South Carolina to devise new procedures and tools for helping correctional facilities to assess their security vulnerabilities. Thus, a team is visiting selected correctional facilities and performing vulnerability assessments. A vulnerability assessment helps to identify the easiest paths for inmate escape, for introduction of contraband such as drugs or weapons, for unexpected intrusion from outside of the facility, and for the perpetration of violent acts on other inmates and correctional employees. In addition, the vulnerability assessment helps to quantify the security risks for the facility. From these initial assessments will come better procedures for performing vulnerability assessments in general at other correctional facilities, as well as the development of tools to assist with the performance of such vulnerability assessments. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Spencer, DS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3041-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3575 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1117/12.334984 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BM46H UT WOS:000078814600018 ER PT S AU Roybal, LG Rice, PM Shell, EG AF Roybal, LG Rice, PM Shell, EG BE DePersia, AT Pennella, JJ TI Implementation of a national testbed concealed weapons detection system SO ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enforcement and Security Technologies CY NOV 03-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE magnetic sensors; concealed weapons detection; remote monitoring; testbed; gradiometer; security AB A comprehensive security system designed and fabricated by the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) was installed into the Bannock County Courthouse located in Pocatello, Idaho. The centerpiece of this security system is a portal style weapons detection system that uses passive magnetic sensor technology as the basis for detection. The complete security system includes video and audio surveillance operated from a central location. The INEEL Concealed Weapons Detection (CWD) system was installed at three entrances into the courthouse and serves as a testbed for the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) sponsored system. To accept the proposed security system, minor modification to the courthouse entrances and service facilities were required. Construction activity began at the courthouse in September of 1997, and the security system was installed into the courthouse between November 1997, and January of 1998. The system has been fully functional since February 1, 1998 and as of April 3, 1998, is responsible for detecting hundreds of illegal knives and two handguns. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Roybal, LG (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3041-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3575 BP 164 EP 174 DI 10.1117/12.334985 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BM46H UT WOS:000078814600019 ER PT S AU Wagner, GG AF Wagner, GG BE DePersia, AT Pennella, JJ TI The design process of physical security as applied to a US Border Port of Entry SO ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enforcement and Security Technologies CY NOV 03-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE security; US border; design AB This paper describes the design process of physical security as applied to a U.S. Border Port of Entry (PoE). Included in this paper are descriptions of the elements that compose U.S. border security. The physical security design will describe the various elements that make up the process as well as the considerations that must be taken into account when dealing with system integration of those elements. The distinctions between preventing unlawful entry and exit of illegal contraband will be emphasized. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wagner, GG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 0762, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3041-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3575 BP 182 EP 188 DI 10.1117/12.334987 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BM46H UT WOS:000078814600021 ER PT S AU Green, MW AF Green, MW BE DePersia, AT Pennella, JJ TI Using common sense to effectively integrate security technologies within a school's security strategy SO ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enforcement and Security Technologies CY NOV 03-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Pacific NW Natl Lab AB Security technologies are not the answer to all school security problems. However, they can be an excellent tool for school administrators and security personnel when incorporated into a total security strategy involving personnel, procedures, and facility layout. Unfortunately, very few of the tougher security problems in schools have solutions that are affordable, effective, and acceptable. Like any other type of facility, a school's security staff must understand the strengths and limitations of the security measures they are considering. It is imperative that the design for new schools incorporate good security practices, which will rarely increase new building costs if included in the initial planning. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Green, MW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0762, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3041-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3575 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1117/12.334994 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BM46H UT WOS:000078814600027 ER PT S AU Swansiger, WA Brockmann, JE AF Swansiger, WA Brockmann, JE BE DePersia, AT Pennella, JJ TI Mitigation of chemical attacks in enclosed public transportation facilities SO ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enforcement and Security Technologies CY NOV 03-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE chemical agents; Sarin; subways; mitigation; water sprays; terrorists; platform edge doors AB Public transportation facilities in the United States are vulnerable to attack by terrorists using chemical agents. This paper focuses on the problems of protecting the people in underground subway stations, which are among the most difficult facilities to protect. A nerve agent can produce symptoms in seconds to minutes, so immediate triggering of evacuation alarms and initiation of mitigation measures is necessary to minimize casualties in the station. The question of whether currently available chemical detectors are sufficiently capable and reliable to enable an automated response is addressed and augmentation possibilities are discussed. A number of concepts for mitigating chemical attacks are explored and their applicability to other transportation facilities is discussed. A possible near-term mitigation measure that is reviewed in some detail is the use of water sprays to scrub gases and aerosols from the air. This technique may have applicability in the station at the point of agent release as well as for detoxification of the air stream if selective venting is employed. Calculations show that with proper spray nozzle selection, the water pressure and flow rate available at some subway stations for fire suppression is sufficient for effective removal of Sarin from an air stream. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Swansiger, WA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3041-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3575 BP 272 EP 281 DI 10.1117/12.334996 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BM46H UT WOS:000078814600030 ER PT S AU Miller, CJ Glenn, DF Hartenstein, SD Hallowell, SF AF Miller, CJ Glenn, DF Hartenstein, SD Hallowell, SF BE DePersia, AT Pennella, JJ TI Mapping of explosive contamination using GC/chemiluminescence and ion mobility spectrometry techniques SO ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enforcement and Security Technologies CY NOV 03-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE explosive; manufacturer; courier; IED; IMS AB Recent efforts at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) have included mapping explosive contamination resulting from manufacturing and carrying improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Two types of trace detection equipment were used to determine levels of contamination from designated sampling areas. A total of twenty IEDs were constructed: ten using TNT and ten using C-4. Two test scenarios were used. The first scenario tracked the activities of a manufacturer who straps the device onto an independent courier. The courier then performed a series of activities to simulate waiting in an airport. The second scenario tracked the activities of a manufacturer who also served as the courier. A sample set for each test consisted of thirty samples from various locations on each IED manufacturer, thirty from each IED courier, twenty-five from the manufacturing area, and twenty-five from the courier area. pre-samples and post-samples were collected for analysis with each detection technique. Samples analyzed by gc/chemiluminescence were taken by swiping a teflon coated sampling swipe across the surface of the sampling area to pick up any explosive particles. Samples analyzed by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) were taken from the clothing of the manufacturer and courier by vacuuming the surface and collecting particulates on a fiberglass filter. Samples for IMS analysis from the manufacturing and courier rooms were taken by wiping a cotton sampling swipe across the surface of area. Currently, building IEDs and monitoring the explosive contamination is being directed towards detection with portal monitors. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Miller, CJ (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol, Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3041-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3575 BP 335 EP 341 DI 10.1117/12.335005 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BM46H UT WOS:000078814600038 ER PT S AU Parmeter, JE Linker, KL Rhykerd, CL Hannum, DW Bouchier, FA AF Parmeter, JE Linker, KL Rhykerd, CL Hannum, DW Bouchier, FA BE DePersia, AT Pennella, JJ TI Explosives detection portal for high-volume personnel screening SO ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Enforcement and Security Technologies CY NOV 03-05, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Pacific NW Natl Lab DE explosives detection; personnel portals; ion mobility spectrometry; chemical preconcentrators; airport security AB We discuss a trace explosives detection portal for high-volume personnel screening which has been developed recently at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), using funding provided by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Safeguards and Security (OSS). This portal screens individuals for explosives using non-invasive means to collect explosive residue in the form of both vapor and particulate contamination. The portal combines a commercially available ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) with a preconcentrator developed at SNL to perform detection of explosives. The prototype portal has undergone one series of tests at the Albuquerque International Airport, and we are now proceeding to develop an improved, second-generation portal, and to find a company to market the portal. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 5848, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Parmeter, JE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 5848, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-3041-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3575 BP 384 EP 391 DI 10.1117/12.335013 PG 8 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BM46H UT WOS:000078814600045 ER PT B AU Krakowski, RA Martin, JG AF Krakowski, RA Martin, JG BE Kursunoglu, BN Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI Presentations on the international conference on environment and nuclear energy SO ENVIRONMENT AND NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Environment and Nuclear Energy CY OCT 27-29, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Global Fdn Inc, Elect Power Res Inst C1 Los Alamos Sci Lab, Syst Engn & Integrat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Krakowski, RA (reprint author), Los Alamos Sci Lab, Syst Engn & Integrat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45921-3 PY 1998 BP 5 EP 27 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM47U UT WOS:000078857300002 ER PT B AU Krakowski, RA AF Krakowski, RA BE Kursunoglu, BN Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI The role of nuclear energy in mitigating greenhouse warming SO ENVIRONMENT AND NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Environment and Nuclear Energy CY OCT 27-29, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Global Fdn Inc, Elect Power Res Inst ID CO2 EMISSIONS; COST AB A behavioral, top-down, forced equilibrium market model of long-term (similar to 2100) global energy-economics interactions has been modified with a "bottom-up" nuclear energy model and used to construct consistent scenarios describing future impacts of civil nuclear materials Bows in an expanding, multi-regional (13) world economy. The relative measures and tradeoffs between economic (GNP, tax impacts, productivity, etc.), environmental (greenhouse gas accumulations, waste accumulation, proliferation risk), and energy (resources, energy mixes, supply-side versus demand-side attributes) interactions that emerge from these analyses are focused herein on advancing understanding of the role that nuclear energy land other non-carbon energy sources) might play in mitigating greenhouse warming. Two ostensibly opposing scenario drivers are investigated: a) demand-side improvements in (non-price-induced) autonomous energy efficiency improvements; and b) supply-side carbon-tax inducements to shift energy mixes towards reduced- or non-carbon forms. In terms of stemming greenhouse warming for minimal cost of greenhouse-gas abatement, and within the limitations of the simplified taxing schedule used, a symbiotic combination of these two approaches may offer advantages not found if each is applied separately. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Technol & Safety Assessment Div, Syst Engn & Integrat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Krakowski, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Technol & Safety Assessment Div, Syst Engn & Integrat Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45921-3 PY 1998 BP 59 EP 89 PG 31 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM47U UT WOS:000078857300009 ER PT B AU Hassberger, JA Schock, RN Isaacs, TH AF Hassberger, JA Schock, RN Isaacs, TH BE Kursunoglu, BN Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI Prospects of and requirements for nuclear power as a contributor toward managing greenhouse gases SO ENVIRONMENT AND NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Environment and Nuclear Energy CY OCT 27-29, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Global Fdn Inc, Elect Power Res Inst AB The world's population, energy demand, and rate of carbon emissions are increasing. Even modest growth rates present significant challenges to existing and developing technologies for reducing carbon and greenhouse gas emissions while meeting growing energy demands. Nuclear power is currently the most developed alternative to fossil fuel combustion and is one of the options for meeting these challenges. However, there are significant technical, economic and institutional barriers inhibiting growth of nuclear capacity in the U.S. and stowing the rate of implementation worldwide. In the near-term, the major barriers to nuclear power, especially in the U.S., appear to be economic and institutional. Risks such as safety, waste management and proliferation are within reasonably acceptable limits at the current installed capacity. Future growth of nuclear power, however, may well hinge on continuous evolutionary and perhaps revolutionary improvements in safety and fuel cycle management so that the overall risk of nuclear power, aggregated over the entire installed capacity, remains at or below today's risks. This is a challenge that both U.S. industry and the government must step up to with a well-focused R&D program. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hassberger, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45921-3 PY 1998 BP 91 EP 102 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM47U UT WOS:000078857300010 ER PT B AU Bastin, C AF Bastin, C BE Kursunoglu, BN Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI Principles of quality for nuclear technology: Essential for sustainable energy at reasonable costs in a clean environment SO ENVIRONMENT AND NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Environment and Nuclear Energy CY OCT 27-29, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Global Fdn Inc, Elect Power Res Inst C1 US DOE, Washington, DC USA. RP Bastin, C (reprint author), Eagle Alliance, 14355 Long Channel Dr, Germantown, MD 20874 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45921-3 PY 1998 BP 103 EP 117 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM47U UT WOS:000078857300011 ER PT B AU Arthur, ED AF Arthur, ED BE Kursunoglu, BN Mintz, SL Perlmutter, A TI Characterization and inventories of nuclear materials and wastes for possible future energy scenarios SO ENVIRONMENT AND NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Environment and Nuclear Energy CY OCT 27-29, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Global Fdn Inc, Elect Power Res Inst AB Awareness of the total materials inventory and materials balance associated with differing methods for energy generation is part of present-day concerns associated with disparate areas that include atmospheric emissions, resource utilization, health effects, and both current and long-term hazards and risks. Nuclear energy, for a number of decades, has been the recipient of significant scrutiny concerning the materials and wastes it generates, particularly in the context of long-term solutions to such issues. This paper examines the nuclear materials and waste generation for nuclear energy scenarios spanning the coming century. The paper also briefly addresses wastes (in the form of emissions) from other energy sources and examines requirements associated with back-end energy system materials management, Possible future requirements pertaining to CO2 management are found to place conditions upon waste management generally similar to those for nuclear waste. One example of material flows for the case of coal generation of electricity coupled with carbon sequestration is also given. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat & Stockpile Management, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Arthur, ED (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Mat & Stockpile Management, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA BN 0-306-45921-3 PY 1998 BP 155 EP 161 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM47U UT WOS:000078857300016 ER PT J AU Director, AE Tucker, JD Ramsey, MJ Nath, J AF Director, AE Tucker, JD Ramsey, MJ Nath, J TI Chronic ingestion of clastogens by mice and the frequency of chromosome aberrations SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE whole-chromosome painting; chromosome aberrations; diet; mutagens; clastogens ID ETHYL CARBAMATE; BONE-MARROW; VINYL CARBAMATE; IN-VIVO; CELLS; DNA; URETHANE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; RADIATION; INDUCTION AB Environmental exposure to mutagens is believed to play a significant role in human carcinogenesis. Determination of the in vivo effects of a single mutagen is best done in laboratory animals because humans are exposed to a variety of mutagens both in their diet and in the rest of their environment. In this study, C57BL/6N female mice were used to analyze the effect on chromosomes of chronic ingestion of a mutagen dissolved in drinking water. Cyclophosphamide (CP) or urethane (ethyl carbamate, EC) were dissolved in sterile drinking water at concentrations of 0, 32, 64, and 96 ppm or 0, 5,000, 10,000, and 15,000 ppm, respectively. All exposures began at 8 weeks of age and continued through the 20th week unless terminated earlier due to toxicity. Body weights and water consumption were measured weekly. Blood and bone marrow were token from approximately five mice per exposure group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks from the start of exposure. All mice remaining after 12 weeks received drinking water without any carcinogen for an additional 6 weeks to determine if induced aberrations persisted. Chromosome translocations, measured by painting, were not induced in blood or bone marrow cells at any time point for either chemical. However, both carcinogens induced significant increases in micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes, indicating that the carcinogens reached the tissues examined in these experiments. These results indicate that chronic exposure of mice to chemical carcinogens induces chromosome breakage measurable by micronuclei. However, the breakage and reunion necessary to see chromosome exchanges such as translocations were not observed in this study. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 W Virginia Univ, Genet & Dev Biol Program, Coll Agr Forestry & Consumer Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. Armed Forces Radiobiol Res Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. RP Nath, J (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Genet & Dev Biol Program, Coll Agr Forestry & Consumer Sci, POB 6108, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM jnath@wvu.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861] NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1998 VL 32 IS 2 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1998)32:2<139::AID-EM9>3.0.CO;2-O PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 125LU UT WOS:000076239700008 PM 9776176 ER PT J AU Lowe, XR de Stoppelaar, JM Bishop, J Cassel, M Hoebee, B Moore, D Wyrobek, AJ AF Lowe, XR de Stoppelaar, JM Bishop, J Cassel, M Hoebee, B Moore, D Wyrobek, AJ TI Epididymal sperm aneuploidies in three strains of rats detected by multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE rat; epididymal sperm; aneuploidy; FISH ID PATERNAL AGE; IN-VIVO; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; MOUSE EMBRYOS; CHROMOSOME-Y; FISH; 1,3-BUTADIENE; SPERMATOZOA; NONDISJUNCTION; TRANSLOCATION AB A multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method was developed to detect aneuploidy and diploidy in epididymal sperm of rats using DNA probes specific for chromosomes 4 and Y. Fourteen healthy young-adult rats from three strains were evaluated: inbred Fisher 344/N/ehs, outbred Sprague-Dawley, and outbred WU Wistar/CPB. The hybridization efficiency of the FISH procedure was >99.9%, the sex-ratio in sperm was similar to 1 as expected, and there was no significant variation among two independent scorers. No significant variations were detected within or among strains in the frequencies of sperm disomy for chromosome 4 (1-6.5 per 10,000 cells per animal) or the Y chromosome (0-2.5 per 10,000 cells per animal). There was a trend toward increased variation among Wister rats. The frequencies of sperm-carrying hyper- and hypohaploidy for chromosome 4 were similar, suggesting a symmetrical mechanism of chromosome gain and loss during meiosis. The frequencies of Y-Y-4-4 sperm, which represent genomic meiosis II errors, did not differ significantly across strains (0.1-0.7 per 10,000 cells per strain). This FISH method for detecting aneuploidy in rat epididymal sperm provides a promising interspecies biomarker of male germ cell aneuploidy and introduces the rot as on animal model for investigating the heritable risk to offspring associated with paternal genotype, physiology, and exposure to environmental mutagens. There appear to be no significant differences among young healthy rats, mice, and men in the baseline frequencies of sperm with Y chromosomal disomy, the only chromosome for which data currently exists for all three species. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotech Res Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Hlth Effects Res Lab, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Wyrobek, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotech Res Program, POB 808,L452,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [IAG Y01-ES-10203-00] NR 56 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1998 VL 31 IS 2 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1998)31:2<125::AID-EM4>3.3.CO;2-1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA ZE676 UT WOS:000072818900004 PM 9544190 ER PT J AU Titenko-Holland, N Ahlborn, T Lowe, X Shang, N Smith, MT Wyrobek, AJ AF Titenko-Holland, N Ahlborn, T Lowe, X Shang, N Smith, MT Wyrobek, AJ TI Micronuclei and developmental abnormalities in 4-day mouse embryos after paternal treatment with acrylamide SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE mouse embryos; preimplantation development; acrylamide; micronuclei; nuclear size; micronuclear size; cell number; pycnotic nuclei; fragmented nuclei; proliferation ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; INNER CELL MASS; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; GERM-CELLS; MICE; ANEUPLOIDY; RATS; SPERMATIDS; RADIATION; INDUCTION AB The developmental consequences of paternal exposure to acrylamide (50 mg/kg i.p. for 5 days) were assessed in preimplantation embryos. There was a significant increase in the proportion of morphologically abnormal embryos after postmeiotic treatment during spermatogenesis (88.7% vs. 14.8% in control). Abnormal embryos had an average of 1.8 +/- 3.5 cells and >80% had at least one fragmented nucleus. In addition, morphologically normal embryos were significantly delayed (34.3 +/- 12.8 cells per embryo vs. 57.6 +/- 15.7 in control, P < 0.001). Acrylamide caused 10- and 20-fold increases in frequencies of cells with micronuclei (MN) in morphologically normal and abnormal embryos, respectively (41 and 93 MN per 1,000 cells). Both centromere-negative (MN-) and centromere-positive (MN+) were induced. Nuclei of abnormal embryos were significantly larger (900 mu m(2) vs. 250 mu m(2)) than controls. In addition, MN of abnormal embryos were larger than those of normal embryos (21.2 mu m(2) vs. 6.5 mu m(2), P < 0.01). Among control embryos, MN+ were significantly larger than MN- (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the preimplantation embryo is a sensitive indicator of paternally transmitted effects on early development. Multiple mechanisms appear to be involved, including cytogenetic damage, proliferation arrest/delay, and Fertilization failure. Future studies ore needed to establish how induced cytological defects in preimplantation embryos contribute to birth defects and other postimplantation abnormalities. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Titenko-Holland, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, 217 Warren Hall,SPH, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ninah@uclink4.berkeley.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30ESO1896, YO1-ES-10203-00] NR 63 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1998 VL 31 IS 3 BP 206 EP 217 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1998)31:3<206::AID-EM2>3.0.CO;2-I PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA ZL138 UT WOS:000073402600002 PM 9585259 ER PT J AU Koch, WH Wu, RW Cebula, TA Felton, JS AF Koch, WH Wu, RW Cebula, TA Felton, JS TI Specificity of base substitution mutations induced by the dietary carcinogens 5-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhlP) and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) in Salmonella SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE heterocyclic amines (HAs); 2-amino-1-methy-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhlP); 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ); cooked food mutagens; carcinogens; Salmonella; base substitutions; mutation specificity ID FOOD MUTAGEN 2-AMINO-1-METHYL-6-PHENYLIMIDAZO<4,5-B>PYRIDINE; HETEROCYCLIC AMINES; COOKED-FOOD; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; GENE-MUTATIONS; DNA-ADDUCTS; HA-RAS; IDENTIFICATION; TYPHIMURIUM AB The base pair substitution mutational profiles induced by the heterocyclic amine cooked Food mutagens PhlP and IQ in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100 and TA1535 were determined by colony hybridizaiion analysis. Both PhlP and IQ induced predominantly GC-->TA transversions in strain TA100 (rfa,Delta uvrB/pKM101) with a pronounced preference for the second codon position (CCC-->CAC; 72% of total). PhlP also reverted strain TA1535 (rfa, Delta uvrB) efficiently at concentrations similar to those required for strain TA100. In contrast to the PhlP-induced mutational profile observed in strain TA100, in strain TA1535 PhlP induced exclusively GC-->AT transitions at the second codon position (CCC-->CTC; 96-99% of total). Base substitution mutagenesis induced by heterocyclic amines related to PhlP is generally SOS-dependent, requiring the presence of plasmid pKM101 in Salmonella hisG46 strains. Thus, the SOS dependent reversion of S. typhimurium strain TA100 probably reflects error-prone lesion bypass at the major PhlP-guanosine adduct at the C-8 position. The GC-->AT transition mutations induced by PhlP in strain TA1535 appear to be SOS-independent, however, suggesiing that these mutations may arise from the formation of PhlP-DNA adducts other than the replication-blocking C8-dG lesion. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 US FDA, CBER, Div Transfus Transmitted Dis, Mol Biol Branch, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Biol & Biotechnol Res Program, Livermore, CA USA. RP Koch, WH (reprint author), US FDA, CBER, Div Transfus Transmitted Dis, Mol Biol Branch, 1401 Rockville Pike,HFM 320, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA55861] NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PY 1998 VL 31 IS 4 BP 327 EP 332 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2280(1998)31:4<327::AID-EM4>3.0.CO;2-F PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA ZW001 UT WOS:000074363600004 PM 9654241 ER PT B AU Elliott, D Legden, M Natsagdorj, L AF Elliott, D Legden, M Natsagdorj, L BE Gavasci, R Zandaryaa, S TI Mongolia wind resource assessment project SO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING & RENEWABLE ENERGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Renewable Energy (ENREN '98) CY SEP, 1998 CL ULAANBAATAR, MONGOL PEO REP SP Univ Rome Tor Vergata, Mongolian Tech Univ, Minist Foreign Affairs, Div Cultural Cooperat, Minist Univ Sci & Technol Res, Minist Environm, Minist Publ Works, Superior Council Publ Works, Univ Rome La Sapineza, Univ Basilicata, Univ Trieste, ANDIS Italian Natl Assoc Saniatry Engn, CNR, Italian Natl Res Council, Minist Nat & Environm, Minist Infrastruct Dev, Inst Renewable Energy, Inst Phys & Technol, Italian Natl Agcy New Technol Energy & Environm, UNESCO, Italian Airlines, MIAT Mongolian Airlines AB The development of detailed, regional wind-resource assessment maps and reliable estimates of other pertinent wind resource characteristics (e.g., seasonal, diurnal, and directional) is an important step in planning and accelerating the deployment of wind energy systems. This paper summarized the approach and methods being used to conduct a wind energy resource assessment of Mongolia. The primary goals of this project are to develop a comprehensive wind energy resource atlas of Mongolia and to establish a wind measurement program in specific regions of Mongolia to identify prospective sites for wind energy projects and to help validate some of the wind resource estimates. The Mongolian wind resource atlas will include detailed, computerized wind power maps and other valuable wind resource characteristic information for the different regions of Mongolia. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Elliott, D (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-08-043006-6 PY 1998 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BR53J UT WOS:000166723800016 ER PT J AU Scott, MJ Bilyard, GR Link, SO Ulibarri, CA Westerdahl, HE Ricci, PF Seely, HE AF Scott, MJ Bilyard, GR Link, SO Ulibarri, CA Westerdahl, HE Ricci, PF Seely, HE TI Valuation of ecological resources and functions SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE natural resource economics; ecological economics; ecological resources; shrub-steppe; environmental valuation; cost; benefit; value ID OFF-SITE COSTS; CONTINGENT VALUATION; WIND EROSION; BENEFIT TRANSFER; POLLUTION; EXPENDITURES; INFORMATION; ECONOMICS; BEHAVIOR; ISSUES AB Ecological resources are natural resources that provide certain necessary but overlooked system maintenance functions within ecosystems, Environmental economics is in search of an appropriate analysis framework to determine economic values of such resources. This paper presents a framework that estimates and compiles the components of value fora natural ecosystem. The framework begins with the ecological processes involved, which provide functions within the ecosystem and services valued by humans. We discuss the additive or competive nature of these values, and estimate these values through conventional and unconventional techniques. We apply the framework to ecological resources in a shrub-steppe dryland habitat being displaced by development. We first determine which functions and services are mutually exclusive (e.g., farming vs soil stabilization) and which are complementary or products of joint production (e.g., soil stabilization and maintenance of species). We then apply benefit transfer principles with contingent valuation methodology (CVM), travel cost methodology (TCM), and hedonic damage pricing (HDP). Finally, we derive upper-limit values for more difficult-to-value functions through the use of human analogs, which we argue are the most appropriate method of valuation under some circumstances. The highest values of natural shrub-steppe habitat appear to be derived from soil stabilization. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Scott, MJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 58 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 21 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 22 IS 1 BP 49 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s002679900083 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YM352 UT WOS:000071055000005 ER PT J AU Lindberg, SE Stratton, WJ AF Lindberg, SE Stratton, WJ TI Atmospheric mercury speciation: Concentrations and behavior of reactive gaseous mercury in ambient air SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE EXCHANGE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; DRY DEPOSITION; MIST CHAMBER; ACETIC-ACIDS; TRACE GASES; VAPOR; HNO3; PRECIPITATION; COLLECTION AB Knowledge of atmospheric mercury speciation is critical to understanding its fate once released from point sources. The water-soluble compounds of Hg that exist in flue gases (termed reactive gaseous mercury, RGM) are subject to far greater local removal rates than is elemental Hg vapor, but few ambient air data exist. We developed a method using refluxing mist chambers to quantify the airborne concentrations of RGM in more than 250 similar to 1-h samples under ambient conditions and summarize here the results of several RGM sampling campaigns in Tennessee and Indiana from 1992 to 1995. Measured levels of RGM were generally on the order of 50-200 pg/m(3), representing about 3% of total gaseous mercury (TGM) and generally exceeding regional particulate Hg concentrations. RGM exhibits significant correlations (p < 0.05) with temperature, solar radiation, O-3, SO2, and TGM, suggesting seasonal trends similar to those of other regional air pollutants. The concentrations of RGM show reproducible diel trends, peaking during midday and decreasing sharply at night. A sharp spike in RGM was measured during a local plume impaction event in Tennessee. Concentration gradients over vegetation suggested a strong ground-level sink for RGM, and RGM concentrations decreased sharply during rain events, as expected for a water-soluble gas. The levels of RGM measured here support the hypothesis that Hg dry and wet deposition may be strongly influenced by the behavior of RGM and that elevated ecosystem exposure may be possible near major point sources of RGM compounds. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Earlham Coll, Dept Chem, Richmond, IN 47374 USA. RP Lindberg, SE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 45 TC 321 Z9 333 U1 14 U2 78 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1021/es970546u PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YP503 UT WOS:000071284200029 ER PT J AU Eisenberg, JNS Bennett, DH McKone, TE AF Eisenberg, JNS Bennett, DH McKone, TE TI Chemical dynamics of persistent organic pollutants: A sensitivity analysis relating soil concentration levels to atmospheric emissions SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS; POLYCHLORINATED DIOXINS; CHLORINATED DIOXINS; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; DRY DEPOSITION; MODEL; FURANS; FATE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-PARA-DIOXIN AB A dynamic modeling framework is presented that provides a method to estimate deposition of air emissions in soil, based on either single or multiple time-point soil measurements. These dynamic estimates, made in the context of the uncertainty and variability associated with environmental systems, differ significantly from those based on steady-state single-valued assumptions. A case study on the global mass balance for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) illustrates that, by explicitly representing the uncertainty of the parameters used to assess mass balance, there exists a discrepancy between deposition and source emissions of between 6- and 20-fold. The uncertainty in these soil deposition estimates was most strongly dependent on two landscape properties (the deposition velocity of air particles and the thickness of the atmosphere) and three chemical properties (the organic-carbon partition coefficient, chemical degradation within the atmosphere, and vapor pressure). Using lower-bound values of the deposition velocity of air particles, lower-bound values of the organic-carbon coefficient, and upper-bound values of atmospheric thickness, this discrepancy was estimated to be over 1 order of magnitude; whereas using upper-bound values of the deposition velocity combined with lower-bound values of vapor pressure, this discrepancy was estimated to be around 6-fold. Constraints on these five properties decreased the uncertainty measure, as expressed by the coefficient of variation, from 0.8 to as low as 0.17. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Eisenberg, JNS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 46 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 32 IS 1 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1021/es970337+ PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YP503 UT WOS:000071284200038 ER PT B AU Hosking, FM Gianoulakis, SE Malizia, LA AF Hosking, FM Gianoulakis, SE Malizia, LA BE Mishra, B TI Computational simulations and experimental validation of a furnace brazing process SO EPD CONGRESS 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT EPD Congress 1998 at the 1998 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 16-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Extract & Proc Div AB Modeling of a furnace brazing process is described. The computational tools predict the thermal response of loaded hardware in a hydrogen brazing furnace to programmed furnace profiles. Experiments were conducted to validate the model and resolve computational uncertainties. The results from selected furnace simulations and measured thermal events were compared. Critical boundary conditions that affect materials and processing response to the furnace environment were determined. "Global" and local issues (i.e., at the furnace/hardware and joint levels, respectively) are discussed The ability to accurately simulate and control furnace conditions is examined. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hosking, FM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-388-0 PY 1998 BP 847 EP 857 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BK53J UT WOS:000072464800057 ER PT S AU Jensen, TR Norby, P Hanson, JC AF Jensen, TR Norby, P Hanson, JC BE Delhez, R Mittemeijer, EJ TI Hydrothermal transformation of microporous lithium zinc phosphates: A kinetic study using in situ synchrotron radiation powder diffraction SO EPDIC 5, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Powder Diffraction Conference (EPDIC 5) CY MAY 25-28, 1997 CL PARMA, ITALY SP Phillips Anal DE in situ powder diffraction; kinetic; power law; lithium zinc phosphate ID CHEMICAL-REACTIONS AB The solution mediated phase transformation of a lithium zinc phosphate was investigated. The zeolite type ABW phase, LiZnPO4. H2O, suspended in an aqueous solution of LiNO3, transforms to the more dense phase, delta(1)-LiZnPO4 (cristobalite type structure). In situ time resolved powder diffraction using synchrotron radiation, was utilised to obtain isothermal crystallisation curves in the temperature range 179 degrees C to 210 degrees C. A power law was used for the kinetic analysis, giving an apparent activation energy for the reaction, E-a = 93(4) kJ/mole. The order of the power law varies from 2.80 to 4.41 in the observed temperature range. This indicates a continuous change in the mechanism of the nucleation. C1 Odense Univ, Dept Chem, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Jensen, TR (reprint author), Odense Univ, Dept Chem, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Norby, Poul/B-9047-2014; OI Norby, Poul/0000-0002-2590-7050; Jensen, Torben Rene/0000-0002-4278-3221 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-807-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1998 VL 278-2 BP 414 EP 417 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BL26Y UT WOS:000074945400061 ER PT S AU Nadutov, VM Rawers, JC AF Nadutov, VM Rawers, JC BE Delhez, R Mittemeijer, EJ TI Mossbauer study of Fe-powder mechanically alloyed by N and C SO EPDIC 5, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Powder Diffraction Conference (EPDIC 5) CY MAY 25-28, 1997 CL PARMA, ITALY SP Phillips Anal DE Fe-powder; nitrogen; carbon; Mossbauer spectroscopy ID SOLID-SOLUTIONS AB Mossbauer spectroscopy was used to characterize the change in the local iron environment with the addition of nitrogen or carbon in Fe-powder as a function of mechanically processing time in gases atmospheres. The analysis of the Mossbauer spectra did show the solution of interstitials in mechanically processed Fe-powder. The distribution of interstitial elements was found to be inhomogeneous. The distortion of iron crystal lattice both at the grain boundary and interior of nano-grains was found on the basis of lines width analysis. The results of Mossbauer measurements confirmed the X-ray diffraction observations data concerning the formation of the solid solution of nitrogen and carbon in Fe-powder. C1 Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, G Kurdyumov Inst Met Phys, UA-252680 Kiev, Ukraine. US Bur Mines, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Nadutov, VM (reprint author), Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, G Kurdyumov Inst Met Phys, 36 Vernadsky Blvd, UA-252680 Kiev, Ukraine. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-807-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1998 VL 278-2 BP 565 EP 570 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BL26Y UT WOS:000074945400087 ER PT S AU Junge, KE Lange, R Dolan, JM Zollner, S Humlicek, J Dashiell, MW Hits, DA Orner, BA Kolodzey, J AF Junge, KE Lange, R Dolan, JM Zollner, S Humlicek, J Dashiell, MW Hits, DA Orner, BA Kolodzey, J BE Fitzgerald, EA Houghton, DC Mooney, PM TI Ellipsometry studies, optical properties, and band structure of Ge1-yCy, Ge-rich Si1-x-yGexCy, and boron-doped Si1-xGex alloys SO EPITAXY AND APPLICATIONS OF SI-BASED HETEROSTRUCTURES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Epitaxy and Applications of Si-Based Heterostructures CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We measured the pseudodielectric function (PDF) of Ge1-yCy and Ge-rich Si1-x-yGexCy alloys from 1.1 to 5.2 eV using spectroscopic ellipsometry. These alloys were grown by molecular beam epitaxy at 600 degrees C on (001) Si substrates. Analytical lineshapes fitted to numerically calculated, derivatives of their PDFs determined the critical-point parameters of the E-1, E-1+Delta(1), E-0', and E-2 transitions. The critical-point energies of the Ge1-yCy alloys were found to be similar to bulk Ge. This indicates that the presence of C in these alloys only has a small influence on the band structure. For some samples, the amplitude of the PDF is much lower than in bulk Ge, which can be attributed to surface roughness and explained within the framework of the Kirchhoff theory of diffraction or using effective medium theory. The degree of surface roughness indicated by optical measurements was confirmed by atomic force microscopy. We also studied bulk Czochralski-grown Si1-xGex alloys (0IODOVINYL-11-BETA-METHOXYESTRADIOL MIVE2; ESTROGEN-RECEPTORS; CARCINOMA; ESTRADIOL; I-123; PET AB This study reports on the distribution and radiation dosimetry of iodine-123-labelled cis-11 beta-methoxy-17 alpha-iodovinyloestradiol (Z-[I-123]MIVE), a promising radioligand for imaging of oestrogen receptors (ERs) in human breast cancer. Whole-body scans were performed up to 24 h after intravenous injection of 138-193 MBq Z-[I-123]MIVE in five healthy female volunteers, four with and one without thyroid blockade, Blood samples were taken at various times up to 24 h after injection. Urine was collected up to 24 h after injection in order to calculate renal clearance and to aid in the interpretation of whole-body clearance, including faecal excretion. Time-activity curves were generated for the thyroid, heart, brain, boasts and liver, by fitting the organ-specific geometric mean counts, obtained from regions of interest, to a multicompartmental model. The MIRD formulation, using 11 source organs, was applied to calculate the absorbed radiation doses for various organs upon administration of Z-[I-123]MIVE. The images showed rapid hepatobiliary excretion which resulted in good imaging conditions for the thoracic region. Imaging of the abdominal region was impeded due to extensive bowel activity. Diffuse uptake and retention of activity was seen in breast tissue, the breast-to-non-specific uptake ratio increasing over time. Z-[I-123]MIVE was cleared by both the kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract. At 50 h p.i. the mean excretion in urine was predicted to be 58%+/-14% (SD) and that in faeces 31%+/-19%. If the thyroid was not blocked, it was the most critical organ (0.33 mGy/MBq), In general, the excretory organs received the highest absorbed doses, i.e. the lower and upper large intestinal walls (0.11 and 0.098 mGy/MBq, respectively), the urinary bladder wall (0.090 mGy/MBq), the gallbladder wall (0.087 mGy/MBq) and the small intestine (0.043 mGy/MBq). The average effective dose equivalent of Z-[I-123]MNE was estimated to be 0.033 mSv/MBq. The amount of Z-[I-123]MIVE required for adequate breast cancer ER imaging results in an acceptable effective dose equivalent to the patient. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Nucl Med, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Radiat Internal Dose Informat Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Amersham Cygne, Eindhoven, Netherlands. Eindhoven Univ Technol, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Rijks, LJM (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Nucl Med, Room F2-210,Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-6997 J9 EUR J NUCL MED JI Eur. J. Nucl. Med. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 25 IS 1 BP 40 EP 47 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YP958 UT WOS:000071333100007 PM 9396873 ER PT J AU Breitweg, J Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Talaga, RL Yoshida, R Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Chiarini, M Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Gialas, I Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Nemoz, C Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Ricci, F Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Rembser, C Stamm, J Wedemeyer, R Wieber, H Bailey, DS Campbell-Robson, S Cottingham, WN Foster, B Hall-Wilton, R Hayes, ME Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Roff, DG Tapper, RJ Arneodo, M Ayad, R Capua, M Garfagnini, A Iannotti, L Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Abbiendi, G Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Cases, G Deppe, O Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Gilkinson, DJ Glasman, C Gottlicher, P Haas, T Hain, W Hasell, D Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Labs, J Lindemann, L Lohr, B Lowe, M Manczak, O Milewski, J Monteiro, T Ng, JST Notz, D Ohrenberg, K Park, IH Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Roco, M Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Surrow, B Tassi, E Voss, T Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zarnecki, AF Zeuner, W Burow, BD Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Anzivino, G Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Macdonald, N Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Gladilin, LK Horstmann, D Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Schott, W Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Howell, G Hung, BHY Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Fleck, JI Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Graciani, R Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L Martinez, M del Peso, J Puga, J Terron, J de Troconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Hung, LW Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Ullmann, R Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Chlebana, F Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Vreeswijk, M Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knettter, J Harnew, N Lancaster, M Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Uijterwaal, H Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Bulmahn, J Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Barberis, E Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Schwarzer, O Walenta, AH Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Hartner, GF Joo, KK Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Teuscher, RJ Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Jones, TW Lane, JB Saunders, RL Shulman, J Sutton, MR Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kasprzak, M Muchorowski, K Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Adamus, M Coldewey, C Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Dasu, S Foudas, C Loveless, RJ Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wodarczyk, M Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB AF Breitweg, J Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Talaga, RL Yoshida, R Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Chiarini, M Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Gialas, I Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Nemoz, C Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Ricci, F Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Rembser, C Stamm, J Wedemeyer, R Wieber, H Bailey, DS Campbell-Robson, S Cottingham, WN Foster, B Hall-Wilton, R Hayes, ME Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Roff, DG Tapper, RJ Arneodo, M Ayad, R Capua, M Garfagnini, A Iannotti, L Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Abbiendi, G Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Cases, G Deppe, O Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Gilkinson, DJ Glasman, C Gottlicher, P Haas, T Hain, W Hasell, D Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Labs, J Lindemann, L Lohr, B Lowe, M Manczak, O Milewski, J Monteiro, T Ng, JST Notz, D Ohrenberg, K Park, IH Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Roco, M Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Surrow, B Tassi, E Voss, T Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zarnecki, AF Zeuner, W Burow, BD Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Anzivino, G Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Macdonald, N Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Gladilin, LK Horstmann, D Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Schott, W Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Howell, G Hung, BHY Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Fleck, JI Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Graciani, R Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L Martinez, M del Peso, J Puga, J Terron, J de Troconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Hung, LW Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Ullmann, R Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Chlebana, F Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Vreeswijk, M Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knettter, J Harnew, N Lancaster, M Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Uijterwaal, H Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Bulmahn, J Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, WS Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Barberis, E Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Schwarzer, O Walenta, AH Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Hartner, GF Joo, KK Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Teuscher, RJ Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Jones, TW Lane, JB Saunders, RL Shulman, J Sutton, MR Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kasprzak, M Muchorowski, K Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Adamus, M Coldewey, C Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Dasu, S Foudas, C Loveless, RJ Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wodarczyk, M Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB CA ZEUS Collaboration TI Measurement of the diffractive structure function F-D(4)(2) at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; LARGE RAPIDITY GAP; LUND MONTE-CARLO; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; POMERON STRUCTURE; CROSS-SECTIONS; DISSOCIATION; ZEUS; CALORIMETER AB This paper presents the first analysis of diffractive photon dissociation events in deep inelastic positron-proton scattering at HERA in which the proton in the final state is detected and its momentum measured. The events are selected by requiring a scattered proton in the ZEUS leading proton spectrometer (LPS) with x(L) > 0.97, where x(L) is the fraction of the incoming proton beam momentum carried by the scattered proton. The use of the LPS significantly reduces the contamination from events with diffractive dissociation of the proton into low mass states and allows a direct measurement of t, the square of the four-momentum exchanged at the proton vertex. The dependence of the cross section on t is measured in the interval 0.073 < \t\ < 0.4 GeV2 and is found to be described by an exponential shape with the slope parameter b = 7.2 +/- 1.1(stat.)(-0.9)(+0.7)(syst.) GeV-2. The diffractive structure function F-2(D(4)) is presented as a function of x(P) similar or equal to 1-x(L) and beta, the momentum fraction of the struck quark with respect to x(P), and averaged over the t interval 0.073 < \t\ < 0.4 GeV2 and the photon virtuality range 5 < Q(2) < 20 GeV2. In the kinematic range 4 x 10(-4) < x(P) < 0.03 and 0.015 < beta < 0.5, the x(P) dependence of F-2(D(4)) is fitted with a form (1/x(P))(a), yielding a = 1.00 +/- 0.09 (stat.)(-0.05)(+0.11)(syst.). Upon integration over t, the structure function F-2(D(3)) is determined in a kinematic range extending to higher x(P) and lower beta compared to our previous analysis; the results are discussed within the framework of Regge theory. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Solid State Phys Lab, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY USA. Inst Nucl Phys, Krakow, Poland. Acad Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, DESY, Hamburg, Germany. DESY, IFH Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Lab Nazl Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 1, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Engn Phys Inst, Moscow 115409, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Fac Sci 2, Alessandria, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Alessandria, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Warsaw Univ, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. CNR, IROE, I-50127 Florence, Italy. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Anzivino, Giuseppina/0000-0002-5967-0952; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Kasemann, Matthias/0000-0002-0429-2448; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Lancaster, Mark/0000-0002-8872-7292; Abbiendi, Giovanni/0000-0003-4499-7562 NR 64 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 1998 VL 1 IS 1-2 BP 81 EP 96 DI 10.1007/s100520050063 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA ZA152 UT WOS:000072334100006 ER PT J AU Breitweg, J Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Talaga, RL Yoshida, R Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Gialas, I Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Ricci, F Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Feld, L Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Rembser, C Stamm, J Wedemeyer, R Wieber, H Bailey, DS Campbell-Robson, S Cottingham, WN Foster, B Hall-Wilton, R Hayes, ME Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Roff, DG Tapper, RJ Arneodo, M Ayad, R Capua, M Garfagnini, A Iannotti, L Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, LT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Abbiendi, G Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Cases, G Deppe, O Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Gilkinson, DJ Glasman, C Gottlicher, P Haas, T Hain, W Hasell, D Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Labs, J Lindemann, L Lohr, B Lowe, M Manczak, O Milewski, J Monteiro, T Ng, JST Notz, D Ohrenberg, K Park, IH Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Roco, M Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Surrow, B Tassi, E Voss, T Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zarnecki, AF Zeuner, W Burow, BD Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Macdonald, N Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Gladilin, LK Horstmann, D Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Schott, W Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Howell, G Hung, BHY Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Fleck, JI Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Graciani, R Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L Martinez, M del Peso, J Puga, J Terron, J de Troconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Hung, LW Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Ullmann, R Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Chlebana, F Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Vreeswijk, M Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Uijterwaal, H Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Bulmahn, J Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, ES Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Schwarzer, O Walenta, AH Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Hartner, GF Joo, KK Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Teuscher, RJ Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Jones, TW Lane, JB Saunders, RL Sutton, MR Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kasprzak, M Muchorowski, K Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Adamus, M Coldewey, C Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Dasu, S Foudas, C Loveless, RJ Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB AF Breitweg, J Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Talaga, RL Yoshida, R Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M De Pasquale, S Gialas, I Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, G Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Ricci, F Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Feld, L Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Rembser, C Stamm, J Wedemeyer, R Wieber, H Bailey, DS Campbell-Robson, S Cottingham, WN Foster, B Hall-Wilton, R Hayes, ME Heath, GP Heath, HF McFall, JD Piccioni, D Roff, DG Tapper, RJ Arneodo, M Ayad, R Capua, M Garfagnini, A Iannotti, L Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, LT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Figiel, J Klimek, K Przybycien, MB Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, M Rulikowska-Zarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Abbiendi, G Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Cases, G Deppe, O Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Gilkinson, DJ Glasman, C Gottlicher, P Haas, T Hain, W Hasell, D Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Labs, J Lindemann, L Lohr, B Lowe, M Manczak, O Milewski, J Monteiro, T Ng, JST Notz, D Ohrenberg, K Park, IH Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Roco, M Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Surrow, B Tassi, E Voss, T Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zarnecki, AF Zeuner, W Burow, BD Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Macdonald, N Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Strickland, E Waugh, R Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U Meyer-Larsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Gladilin, LK Horstmann, D Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Schott, W Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Howell, G Hung, BHY Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Walker, R Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Fleck, JI Ishii, T Kuze, M Suzuki, I Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamauchi, K Yamazaki, Y Hong, SJ Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, SK Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Graciani, R Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L Martinez, M del Peso, J Puga, J Terron, J de Troconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Hung, LW Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG St-Laurent, M Ullmann, R Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Chlebana, F Engelen, J Koffeman, E Kooijman, P van Sighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Vreeswijk, M Wiggers, L de Wolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ Cooper-Sarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Grosse-Knetter, J Harnew, N Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Uijterwaal, H Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R Dal Corso, F Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Bulmahn, J Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Toothacker, ES Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y D'Agostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Wichmann, R Williams, DC Schwarzer, O Walenta, AH Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Ruspa, M Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Fagerstroem, CP Galea, R Hartner, GF Joo, KK Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sabetfakhri, A Simmons, D Teuscher, RJ Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Jones, TW Lane, JB Saunders, RL Sutton, MR Wing, M Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kasprzak, M Muchorowski, K Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Adamus, M Coldewey, C Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Dasu, S Foudas, C Loveless, RJ Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wodarczyk, M Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Hughes, VW Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB CA ZEUS Collaborat TI Dijet cross sections in photoproduction at HERA SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID CTEQ PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; ZEUS BARREL CALORIMETER; HADRON-COLLISIONS; CONSTRUCTION; PROTON; PHOTON; DESIGN; EVENTS; QCD AB Dijet cross sections are presented using photoproduction data obtained with the ZEUS detector during 1994. These measurements represent an extension of previous results, as the higher statistics allow cross sections to be measured at higher jet transverse energy (E-T(jet)). Jets are identified in the hadronic final state using three different algorithms, and the cross sections compared to complete next-to-leading order QCD calculations. Agreement with these calculations is seen for the pseudorapidity dependence of the direct photon events with E-T(jet) > 6 GeV and of the resolved photon events with E-T(jet) > 11 GeV. Calculated cross sections for resolved photon processes with 6 GeV < E-T(jet) < 11 GeV lie below the data. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Andrews Univ, Berrien Springs, MI 49104 USA. Univ Bologna, Bologna, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. Univ Calabria, Dept Phys, I-87036 Cosenza, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Cosenza, Italy. Chonnam Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Solid State Phys Lab, Kwangju 500757, South Korea. Columbia Univ, Nevis Labs, Irvington, NY USA. Inst Phys Nucl, Krakow, Poland. Acad Min & Met, Fac Phys & Nucl Tech, Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Dept Phys, Krakow, Poland. DESY, Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. DESY, IFH Zeuthen, Zeuthen, Germany. Univ Florence, Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Nazl Frascati Lab, I-00044 Frascati, Italy. Univ Freiburg, Fak Phys, D-7800 Freiburg, Germany. Univ Glasgow, Dept Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 1, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, High Energy Nucl Phys Grp, London, England. Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Kernphys, Julich, Germany. KEK, Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Korea Univ, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor, Madrid, Spain. McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Meiji Gakuin Univ, Fac Gen Educ, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Moscow Phys Engn Inst, Moscow, Russia. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow, Russia. NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis, Padua, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Padua, Italy. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Polytech Univ, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Rome, Italy. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Siegen, Fachbereich Phys, D-5900 Siegen, Germany. Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 113, Japan. Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Sperimentale, Turin, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Univ Turin, Fac Sci 2, Alessandria, Italy. Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Alessandria, Italy. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. Univ Warsaw, Inst Expt Phys, Warsaw, Poland. Inst Nucl Studies, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Particle Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT USA. York Univ, Dept Phys, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. CNR, IROE, I-50127 Florence, Italy. RP Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Wing, Matthew/C-2169-2008; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/I-5152-2016; Capua, Marcella/A-8549-2015; OI De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Graciani Diaz, Ricardo/0000-0001-7166-5198; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Kasemann, Matthias/0000-0002-0429-2448; Capua, Marcella/0000-0002-2443-6525; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Abbiendi, Giovanni/0000-0003-4499-7562; Martinez Rodriguez, Manel/0000-0002-9763-9155; Chwastowski, Janusz/0000-0002-6190-8376 NR 43 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 1998 VL 1 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s100520050065 PG 14 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA ZA152 UT WOS:000072334100008 ER PT J AU Allgower, CE Ball, J Barabash, LS Beddo, M Bedfer, Y Boutefnouchet, A Bystricky, J Demierre, P Fontaine, JM Ghazikhanian, V Grosnick, D Hess, R Janout, Z Janout, ZF Kalinnikov, VA Kasprzyk, TE Kazarinov, YM Khachaturov, BA Kunne, R Lehar, F de Lesquen, A Lopiano, D de Mali, M Matafonov, VN Pisarev, IL Popov, AA Prokofiev, AN Rapin, D Sans, JL Spinka, HM Trentalange, S Usov, YA Vikhrov, VV Vuaridel, B Whitten, CA Zhdanov, AA AF Allgower, CE Ball, J Barabash, LS Beddo, M Bedfer, Y Boutefnouchet, A Bystricky, J Demierre, P Fontaine, JM Ghazikhanian, V Grosnick, D Hess, R Janout, Z Janout, ZF Kalinnikov, VA Kasprzyk, TE Kazarinov, YM Khachaturov, BA Kunne, R Lehar, F de Lesquen, A Lopiano, D de Mali, M Matafonov, VN Pisarev, IL Popov, AA Prokofiev, AN Rapin, D Sans, JL Spinka, HM Trentalange, S Usov, YA Vikhrov, VV Vuaridel, B Whitten, CA Zhdanov, AA TI Angular dependence of pp spin correlation and rescattering observables between 1.80 and 2.10 GeV SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID C ANALYZING POWER; PROTON-PROTON SCATTERING; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; SATURNE-II; PARAMETERS; POLARIMETER; 0.84-GEV; D0S''0K; 2.7-GEV; K0NN0 AB A polarized proton beam extracted from SATURNE II and the Saclay polarized proton target were used to determine the spin correlation parameter A(oosk) and the rescattering observables K-os " so, D-os " ok, N-os " sn, and N-onsk at 1.80 and 2.10 GeV. The beam polarization was oriented perpendicular to the beam direction in the horizontal scattering plane and the target polarization was directed either along the vertical axis or longitudinally. Left-right and up-down asymmetries in the second scattering were measured. A check for the beam optimization with the beam and target polarizations oriented vertically provided other observables, of which results for D-onon and K-onno at 1.80, 1.85, 2.04, and 2.10 GeV are listed here. The new data at 2.10 GeV suggest a smooth energy dependence of spin triplet scattering amplitudes at fixed angles in the vicinity of this energy. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Natl Saturne, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. CEA Saclay, DSM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Lab Nucl Problems, Dubna 141980, Moscow Region, Russia. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. CEA Saclay, DAPNIA, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Univ Geneva, DPNC, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188350, Russia. RP Allgower, CE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 32 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1434-6044 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 1998 VL 1 IS 1-2 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1007/BF01245803 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA ZA152 UT WOS:000072334100010 ER PT J AU Dunietz, I Incandela, J Snider, FD Yamamoto, H AF Dunietz, I Incandela, J Snider, FD Yamamoto, H TI Large charmless yield in B decays and inclusive B decay puzzles SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C LA English DT Article ID SEMILEPTONIC BRANCHING RATIO; FLUX-TUBE MODEL; INTRINSIC CHARM; MASS DEPENDENCE; QCD; MESONS; HYBRID; B->C(C)OVER-BAR-S; HADROPRODUCTION; ASYMMETRIES AB In recent studies of inclusive B decays, it has been suggested that either B mesons decay much more copiously to final states with no open charm than currently assumed, or B(D-0 --> K(-)pi(+)) has to be reduced significantly. This note takes the experimental B(D-0 --> K(-)pi(+)) at its face value and estimates B(b --> no open charm) using complementary methods: one accounts for the c quark in b -->, c transitions, the other accounts for the (c) over bar quark in b --> c (c) over bar s transitions. Through cancellation of errors, the average gives our best estimate of Bib --> no open charm), and the difference measures the consistency. The results of the methods are consistent with each other, strongly suggesting a much enhanced B(b --> no open charm). This observation indicates that non-perturbative QCD effects are probably causing a sizable fraction of the b --> c (c) over bar s transitions to be seen as charmless b --> s processes, contrary to smaller traditional expectations. This mechanism has generally been overlooked and may explain the existing experimental data within the framework of the standard model. We then briefly discuss implications on baryon production governed by b --> c (c) over bar s processes, rare hadronic B decays and CP violation studies. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 72 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6044 EI 1434-6052 J9 EUR PHYS J C JI Eur. Phys. J. C PD JAN PY 1998 VL 1 IS 1-2 BP 211 EP 219 DI 10.1007/BF01245810 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA ZA152 UT WOS:000072334100017 ER PT S AU Britton, CL Bryan, WL Emery, MS Frank, SS Ericson, MN Jagadish, U Moore, JA Simpson, ML Smith, MC Wintenberg, AL Young, GR Kroeger, RA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Schwarz, WG Read, ME AF Britton, CL Bryan, WL Emery, MS Frank, SS Ericson, MN Jagadish, U Moore, JA Simpson, ML Smith, MC Wintenberg, AL Young, GR Kroeger, RA Johnson, WN Kurfess, JD Schwarz, WG Read, ME BE Siegmund, OHW Gummin, MA TI Mixed signal custom integrated circuit development for physics instrumentation SO EUV, X-RAY, AND GAMMA-RAY INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy IX CY JUL 22-24, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE physics; electronics; CMOS AB The Monolithic Systems Development Group at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory has been greatly involved in custom mixed-mode integrated circuit development for the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory and position-sensitive germanium spectrometer front-ends for the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). This paper will outline the work done for both PHENIX and the Naval Research Laboratory in the area of full-custom, mixed-signal CMOS integrated electronics. The PHENIX detector is a large multi-component detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. PHENIX has over 400,000 channels of electronics, most of which is implemented using custom integrated circuits. We presently have responsibility for developing and manufacturing electronics for the event vertex-finding subsystem, the pads tracking subsystem, the electromagnetic calorimeter subsystem, and the muon tracking/identification subsystems. We have developed an architecture utilizing simultaneous read-write analog memories used throughout the detector that allows data to be continuously taken even during event readout (a deadtime-less system). The manufacturing technologies being used range from multi-layer printed-circuit boards to multi-layer, multi-chip modules (MCMs). The germanium spectrometer electronics for the Naval Research Lab oratory consist of low-noise preamplifier-shapers-peak stretchers and discriminators. The preamplifiers have been optimized for detector capacitances of approximately 10 pF and shaping times of 5-10 mu s. This paper will present the architectures chosen for the various PHENIX detectors which include position-sensitive silicon, capacitive pixel, and phototube detectors, and performance results for the subsystems as well as a system description of the NRL germanium strip system and its performance. The performance of the custom preamplifiers, discriminators, analog memories, analog-digital converters, and control circuitry for all systems will be presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Britton, CL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Simpson, Michael/A-8410-2011 OI Simpson, Michael/0000-0002-3933-3457 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2900-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3445 BP 306 EP 317 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BM19Y UT WOS:000078010600029 ER PT J AU Huang, M Aine, CJ Supek, S Best, E Ranken, D Flynn, ER AF Huang, M Aine, CJ Supek, S Best, E Ranken, D Flynn, ER TI Multi-start downhill simplex method for spatio-temporal source localization in magnetoencephalography SO EVOKED POTENTIALS-ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multi-start downhill simplex method; model order; singular value decomposition; neuromagnetic source localization ID MAGNETIC LOCALIZATION; HUMAN-BRAIN; MODEL; POTENTIALS; SIMULATION; DIPOLES; CORTEX AB A multi-start downhill simplex method is examined as a global minimization technique for fitting multidipole, spatio-temporal magnetoencephalography (MEG) data, The procedure has been performed on both simulated and empirical human visual data, known to exhibit complex field patterns due to multiple sources. Unlike some other non-linear fitting techniques the multi-start downhill simplex method does not require users to provide initial guesses for the dipole parameters, hence the fitting procedure is less time-consuming, mure objective, and user-friendly. In addition, this method offers more than one adequate solution thus providing a range of uncertainty for the estimated parameters. The Multi-start downhill simplex method is used to fit the non-linear dipole spatial parameters, while the linear temporal parameters are fit using a separate linear fitting procedure. Singular value decomposition (SVD) is also used in order to improve the procedure for determining the adequate number of modeled dipoles. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Zagreb, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. RP Huang, M (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biophys Grp, MS D454, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mhuang@lawyer.lanl.gov FU NEI NIH HHS [R01-EY08610]; NIDA NIH HHS [R01DA09972]; NIMH NIH HHS [R01-MH53213] NR 28 TC 82 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0168-5597 J9 EVOKED POTENTIAL JI Evoked Potential.-Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 108 IS 1 BP 32 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0168-5597(97)00091-9 PG 13 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Neurosciences SC Engineering; Neurosciences & Neurology GA YW847 UT WOS:000071980000004 PM 9474060 ER PT J AU Woodhead, AD AF Woodhead, AD TI Aging, the fishy side: An appreciation of Alex Comfort's studies SO EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item DE fish; potential immortality; reproductive adaptations AB Many years ago, Alex Comfort experimentally refuted Bidder's hypothesis that fish potentially were immortal. Later morphological and physiological studies, together with observations from fish populations in the wild, revealed that fish age in a way similar to that in other vertebrates. More recently, assessments of the age of fish have been revised, and have shown that some species live much longer than was estimated. These findings, together with the difficulties of demonstrating any increase in the rate of mortality with age in the long-lived, heavily exploited populations of fish, revived Bidder's ideas. I briefly review some of the more recent literature, and conclude that there is no evidence to suggest that fish are exceptional; like other vertebrates, sooner or later they grow old and die. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Informat Serv Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Woodhead, AD (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Informat Serv Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0531-5565 J9 EXP GERONTOL JI Exp. Gerontol. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 33 IS 1-2 BP 39 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0531-5565(97)00064-8 PG 13 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA YN224 UT WOS:000071145500006 PM 9467715 ER PT B AU Stout, MG Liu, C Ellis, RW Haberman, KS Bennett, JG Williams, T Addessio, FL Rosakis, AJ AF Stout, MG Liu, C Ellis, RW Haberman, KS Bennett, JG Williams, T Addessio, FL Rosakis, AJ BE Allison, IM TI Mechanics analysis and simulation of a graphite/epoxy composite impact event SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS, VOLS 1 AND 2: ADVANCES IN DESIGN, TESTING AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Experimental Mechanics CY AUG 24-28, 1998 CL UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD, ENGLAND SP AEA Technol plc, British Aerosp Airbus Ltd, Dartec Ltd, Magnox Elect plc, SoMat Syst UK Ltd, ICI, Pilkington Plc, Measurements Grp UK Ltd, AIAS, Italy, BSSM, UK, CSME, Canada, GESA, Germany, I Mech E, UK, IMEKO Int, JSME, Japan, SEM, US HO UNIV OXFORD AB There are now a number of engineering applications that employ graphite/epoxy composite materials. The graphite/epoxy composite is light weight and very stiff; however, it has a low fracture toughness and is relatively impact-damage intolerant. The goal of our project was to numerically simulate an impact event on a graphite/epoxy composite and to evaluate the accuracy of our prediction of damage initiation and propagation. To accomplish this goal we developed an advanced continuum material model based on Aboudi's method-of-cells, and implemented this model into the explicit Lagrangian finite-element-method (FEM) code DYNA3D. The material model accounts for the individual constitutive behavior of both the graphite fibers and epoxy matrix as well as debonding and delamination damage in the composite. In order to calibrate the material model we performed engineering stress/strain experiments on the graphite fibers and epoxy matrix, as well as a number of fracture toughness measurements on the composite. The material model and its implementation into the FEM code was validated with coupon impact experiments. Three different plate impact tests were performed for validation, one that damages as a result of normal stresses and two that damage from shear stresses. Agreement between the experiments and simulations was generally excellent. We were able to predict the times of damage initiation, crack velocities, acid the displacement gradient fields associated with the damage. However, we had resolution difficulties if the experimental stress gradients were steep. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Stout, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5809-014-0 PY 1998 BP 187 EP 192 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BL71U UT WOS:000076427000029 ER PT B AU Kinzey, BR Wise, MA Dooley, JJ AF Kinzey, BR Wise, MA Dooley, JJ GP IAEE IAEE TI Fuel cells: A competitive market tool for carbon reductions SO EXPERIMENTING WITH FREER MARKETS: LESSONS FROM THE LAST 20 YEARS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE - VOL 1, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Energy-Economics (IAEE) CY MAY 13-16, 1998 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Int Assoc Energy Econ, Alantic Richfield Co, British Petr Co, Elect France, Exxon Corp, Gaz Metropolain, Gazoduc TranQuebec Maritimes Inc, Hydro Quebec, Imperial Oil Ltd, Inst Francais Petrole, Law & Econ Consult Grp, Minist Ressources Nat Quebec, Petro Canada, Ressources Nat Canada, Ultramar AB Fuel cells are rapidly evolving as a viable, variable-scale distributed electricity generation technology that can use hydrogen derived from a host of fuel resources, ranging from fossil fuels to renewables. Coupled with their high operating efficiency, fuel cells have attracted a great deal of attention in the global warming literature for their promise in reducing future emissions of carbon dioxide. This paper examines the potential for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases through the use of fuel cells as a distributed electricity generation source and as a source of power for electric vehicles. We investigate the economics and carbon reduction potential of various scenarios that we believe shed light on the potential of these technologies to reduce carbon emissions over the long term. Our analysis explicitly recognizes that fuel cells will experience competition from other energy technologies, and therefore, fuel cells will need to economically compete against these other technologies to obtain market share. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, SUITE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA PY 1998 BP 21 EP 30 PG 10 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BQ25F UT WOS:000087729400003 ER PT B AU Hadley, S Hirst, E AF Hadley, S Hirst, E GP IAEE IAEE TI Will competition hurt electricity consumers in the Pacific Northwest? SO EXPERIMENTING WITH FREER MARKETS: LESSONS FROM THE LAST 20 YEARS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE - VOL 2, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Energy-Economics (IAEE) CY MAY 13-16, 1998 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Int Assoc Energy Econ, Alantic Richfield Co, British Petr Co, Elect France, Exxon Corp, Gaz Metropolain, Gazoduc TranQuebec Maritimes Inc, Hydro Quebec, Imperial Oil Ltd, Inst Francais Petrole, Law & Econ Consult Grp, Minist Ressources Nat Quebec, Petro Canada, Ressources Nat Canada, Ultramar AB A computer model was developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to analyze the electricity production, costs, and prices for two geographical regions for a single year. Bulk-power trading is allowed between the two regions and market clearing prices are determined based on marginal costs. We used this model, ORCED, to evaluate the market price of power over the year 2000 in the Pacific Northwest and California. We found that, absent intervention by the regulators in the Northwest, generation prices would increase 1.1 c/kWh on average, from 1.91c/KWh for the regulated price to 3.02c/kWh as the competitive price. If regulators use transition charges and price caps, then customers in the Pacific Northwest need not be penalized by the change to marginal-cost pricing. Customer responses to price changes will increase the transfer of power between regions. A gas price increase of 20%, while only raising the average-cost-based price to 1.95c/kWh, raised the marginal-cost-based price to 3.56c/kWh. Reductions in hydroelectric resources also dramatically change the price and flow of power. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, SUITE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA PY 1998 BP 223 EP 232 PG 4 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BQ25G UT WOS:000087729500024 ER PT B AU Marnay, C Sezgen, O Bretz, S Markel, R Wiser, R AF Marnay, C Sezgen, O Bretz, S Markel, R Wiser, R GP IAEE IAEE TI Opportunities for wind resources in the future competitive California power market SO EXPERIMENTING WITH FREER MARKETS: LESSONS FROM THE LAST 20 YEARS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE - VOL 2, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Energy-Economics (IAEE) CY MAY 13-16, 1998 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Int Assoc Energy Econ, Alantic Richfield Co, British Petr Co, Elect France, Exxon Corp, Gaz Metropolain, Gazoduc TranQuebec Maritimes Inc, Hydro Quebec, Imperial Oil Ltd, Inst Francais Petrole, Law & Econ Consult Grp, Minist Ressources Nat Quebec, Petro Canada, Ressources Nat Canada, Ultramar AB The goal of this this work is to evaluate the wind development in the future competitive California power market. The viability of possible wind sites is assessed using a geographic information system (GIS) to determine the cost of development and Elfin, an electric utility production costing and capacity expansion model, to estimate the possible revenues and profits of wind farms at the sites. This approach improves on a simple profitability calculation by using site specific development cost calculations and by taking the the effect of time varying market prices on revenues into account. The first component of the work is the charcterization of wind resources suitable for use in production costing and capacity expansion models such as Elfin that are capable of simulating competitive electricity markets. An improved representation of California wind resources is built, using information collected by the California Energy Commission in previous site evaluations, and Dy using a GIS approach to estimating development costs at 36 specific sites. These sites, which have been identified as favourable for wind development, are placed on Digital Elevation Models and development costs are culculated based on distances to roads and transmission lines. GIS is also used to develop the potential capacity at each sire by making use of the physical characteristics of the terrain, such as ridge lengths. In rite second part of the effort, using a previously developed algorithm for simulating competitive entry to the California electricity market , Elfin is used to gauge the viability of wind farms at the 36 sites. The results of this exercise are forecasts of profitable development levels at each site and the effects of these developments, on the electricity system us a whole. Results suggest that by the year 2030, about 7.5 GW of potential wind capacity can be profitably developed assuming rising natural gas prices. This example demonstrates that an analysis based on a simple levelized profitability calculation approach does not completely capture the implications of time varying prices in a competitive market. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, SUITE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA PY 1998 BP 303 EP 312 PG 4 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BQ25G UT WOS:000087729500033 ER PT B AU Milligan, M Artig, R AF Milligan, M Artig, R GP IAEE IAEE TI Optimal site-selection and sizing of distributed utility-scale wind power plants SO EXPERIMENTING WITH FREER MARKETS: LESSONS FROM THE LAST 20 YEARS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE - VOL 2, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the International-Association-for-Energy-Economics (IAEE) CY MAY 13-16, 1998 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Int Assoc Energy Econ, Alantic Richfield Co, British Petr Co, Elect France, Exxon Corp, Gaz Metropolain, Gazoduc TranQuebec Maritimes Inc, Hydro Quebec, Imperial Oil Ltd, Inst Francais Petrole, Law & Econ Consult Grp, Minist Ressources Nat Quebec, Petro Canada, Ressources Nat Canada, Ultramar C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, SUITE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 USA PY 1998 BP 313 EP 322 PG 4 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BQ25G UT WOS:000087729500034 ER PT S AU Sheen, D McMakin, D Hall, TE AF Sheen, D McMakin, D Hall, TE BE Selander, JM TI Cylindrical millimeter-wave imaging technique for concealed weapon detection SO EXPLOITING NEW IMAGE SOURCES AND SENSORS, 26TH AIPR WORKSHOP SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th AIPR Workshop on Exploiting New Image Sources and Sensors CY OCT 15-17, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Appl Imagery Pattern Recognit Execut Comm DE weapon detection; millimeter-wave imaging; explosive detection; surveillance AB A novel cylindrical millimeter-wave imaging technique has been developed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for the detection of metallic and non-metallic concealed weapons. This technique uses a vertical array of millimeterwave antennas which is mechanically swept around a person in a cylindrical fashion. The wideband millimeter-wave data is mathematically reconstructed into a series of high-resolution images of the person being screened. Clothing is relatively transparent to millimeter-wave illumination, whereas the human body and concealed items are reflective at millimeter wavelengths. Differences in shape and reflectivity are revealed in the images and allow a human operator to detect and identify concealed weapons. A full 360 degree scan is necessary to fully inspect a person for concealed items. The millimeter-wave images can be formed into a video animation sequence in which the person appears to rotate in front of a fixed illumination source. This is a convenient method for presenting the three-dimensional image data for analysis. This work has been fully sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). An engineering prototype based on the cylindrical imaging technique is presently under development. The FAA is currently opposed to presenting the image data directly to the operator due to personal privacy concerns. A computer automated system is desired to address this problem by eliminating operator viewing of the imagery. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Sheen, D (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2678-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3240 BP 242 EP 250 DI 10.1117/12.300061 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BK57V UT WOS:000072611900025 ER PT S AU Veligdan, JT Beiser, L Biscardi, C Brewster, C DeSanto, L AF Veligdan, JT Beiser, L Biscardi, C Brewster, C DeSanto, L BE Fallahi, M Linden, KJ Wang, SC TI Laser-driven polyplanar optic display SO FABRICATION, TESTING, AND RELIABILITY OF SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fabrication, Testing, and Reliability of Semiconductor Lasers III CY JAN 29-30, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE DMD; POD; laser; display; optical; waveguide AB The Polyplanar Optical Display (POD) is a unique display screen which can be used with any projection source. This display screen is 2 inches thick and has a matte-black face which allows for high contrast images. The prototype being developed is a form, fit and functional replacement display for the B-52 aircraft which uses a monochrome ten-inch display. The new display uses a 200 milliwatt green solid-state laser (532 nn) as its optical source. In order to produce real-time video, the laser light is being modulated by a Digital Light Processing (DLP(TM)) chip manufactured by Texas Instruments, Inc. A variable astigmatic focusing system is used to produce a stigmatic image on the viewing face of the POD. In addition to the optical design, we discuss the DLP(TM) chip, the optomechanical design and viewing angle characteristics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Veligdan, JT (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Adv Technol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2724-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3285 BP 104 EP 114 DI 10.1117/12.307597 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL13A UT WOS:000074382200013 ER PT S AU Honea, EC Skidmore, JA Freitas, BL Utterback, E Emanuel, MA AF Honea, EC Skidmore, JA Freitas, BL Utterback, E Emanuel, MA BE Fallahi, M Linden, KJ Wang, SC TI Modeling the effect of heatsink performance in high-peak-power laser-diode-bar pump sources for solid-state lasers SO FABRICATION, TESTING, AND RELIABILITY OF SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Fabrication, Testing, and Reliability of Semiconductor Lasers III CY JAN 29-30, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB We derive approximate expressions for transient output power and wavelength chirp of high-peak-power laser-diode bars assuming one-dimensional heat flow and linear temperature dependences for chirp and efficiency. The model is derived for pulse durations, 10 < tau < 1000 mu s, typically used for diode-pumped solid-state lasers and is in good agreement with experimental data for Si heatsink mounted 940 nm laser-diode bars operating at 100 W/cm. The analytic expressions are more flexible and easily used than the results of operating point dependent numerical modeling. In addition, the analytic expressions used here can be integrated to describe the energy per unit wavelength for a given pulse duration, initial emission bandwidth and heatsink material. We find that the figure-of-merit for a heatsink material in this application is (rho CpK)(1/2) where rho C-p is the volumetric heat capacity and K is the thermal conductivity. As an example of the utility of the derived expressions, we determine an effective absorption coefficient as a function of pump pulse duration for a diode-pumped solid-state laser utilizing Yb:Sr-5(PO4)(3)F (Yb:S-FAP) as the gain medium. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Honea, EC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-441, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2724-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3285 BP 178 EP 189 DI 10.1117/12.307605 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL13A UT WOS:000074382200021 ER PT J AU Miller, WH AF Miller, WH TI Spiers Memorial Lecture - Quantum and semiclassical theory of chemical reaction rates SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Review ID TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; THERMAL RATE CONSTANTS; PATH CENTROID DENSITY; CUMULATIVE REACTION PROBABILITY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; FLUX AUTOCORRELATION FUNCTION; ADIABATIC COLLISION PROCESSES; INITIAL-VALUE REPRESENTATION; TIME-CORRELATION-FUNCTIONS; MECHANICAL RATE CONSTANTS AB Transition state theory (TST) has provided the qualitative picture of chemical reaction rates for over sixty years. Recent theoretical developments, however, have made it possible to calculate rate constants fully quantum mechanically and efficiently, at least for small molecular systems; vestiges of TST can be seen both in the resulting flux correlation functions and in the algorithmic structure of the methodology itself. One approach for dealing with more complex molecular systems is the semiclassical (SC) initial value representation (IVR), which is essentially a way of generalizing classical molecular dynamics simulations to include quantum interference; electronic degrees of freedom in an electronically non-adiabatic process can also be included on a dynamically equivalent basis. Application of the SC-IVR to models of unimolecular isomerization and of electronically non-adiabatic transitions, both coupled to an infinite bath of harmonic oscillators, gives excellent agreement with (essentially exact) quantum path integral calculations for these systems over the entire range of coupling strength. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Miller, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 125 TC 201 Z9 201 U1 3 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 1998 VL 110 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1039/a805196h PG 21 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 148EP UT WOS:000077492000001 ER PT J AU Schatz, GC McCabe, P Connor, JNL AF Schatz, GC McCabe, P Connor, JNL TI Quantum scattering studies of spin-orbit effects in the C1(P-2)+HCl+HCl -> ClH+(ClP)-P-2) reaction SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRONICALLY NONADIABATIC REACTION; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; CL+HCL->CLH+CL REACTION; MOLECULAR-COLLISIONS; ANGULAR SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTIONS; RATE CONSTANTS; DYNAMICS; STATES; ATOMS AB We present quantum scattering calculations for the Cl + HCl --> ClH + Cl reaction in which we include the three electronic states that correlate asymptotically to the ground state of Cl(P-2) + HCl(X (1)Sigma(+)). The potential surfaces and couplings are taken from the recent work of Maierle et al., J. Chem. Sec., Faraday Trans., 1997, 93, 709. They are based on extensive ab initio calculations for geometries in the vicinity of the lowest energy saddle-point, and on an electrostatic expansion (plus empirical dispersion and repulsion) for long range geometries including the van der Waals wells. Spin-orbit coupling has been included using a spin-orbit coupling parameter, lambda, that is assumed to be independent of nuclear geometry, and Coriolis interactions are incorporated accurately. The scattering calculations use a hyperspherical coordinate coupled channel method in full dimensionality. A J-shifting approximation is employed to convert cumulative reaction probabilities for total angular momentum quantum number J = 1/2 into state selected and thermal rate coefficients. Two issues have been studied: (i) the influence of the magnitude of lambda on the fine-structure resolved cumulative probabilities and rate coefficients (we consider lambda values that vary from 0 to +/- 100% of the true Cl value), and (ii) the transition state resonance spectrum, and its variation with lambda and with other parameters in the calculations. A surprising result is the existence of a range of i where the cumulative probability for the state of Cl is larger than that for the P-2(3/2) state, even though P-2(1/2) is disfavoured by statistical factors and only reacts via nonadiabatic coupling. This result, which is not connected with resonance formation, may arise from coherent mixing of the Omega(j) = 1/2 components of the P-2(3/2) and P-2(1/2) states in the van der Waals regions. The 2P,i, State dominates for values of lambda between the statistical and adiabatic limits when mixing converts 2P,i, into a state that is, for linear geometries, predominantly (2)Sigma(1/2) near the barrier. We find two significant resonances for total energies below 0.7 eV. They are associated with two quanta of asymmetric stretch excitation of the transition state and with zero or one quanta of bend excitation. These resonances are most prominent (i.e., narrowest) in the adiabatic limit of large \lambda\. For \lambda\ approximate to 0 the resonances are largely washed out due to strong mixing between attractive fine-structure states that support the resonances and repulsive ones that produce decay. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Theoret Chem Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Manchester, Dept Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. RP Schatz, GC (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI McCabe, Patrick/M-3718-2013 OI McCabe, Patrick/0000-0003-2538-4920 NR 41 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0301-7249 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 1998 VL 110 BP 139 EP 157 DI 10.1039/a801825a PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 148EP UT WOS:000077492000008 ER PT J AU Balint-Kurti, GG Gonzalez, AI Goldfield, EM Gray, SK AF Balint-Kurti, GG Gonzalez, AI Goldfield, EM Gray, SK TI Quantum reactive scattering of O(D-1)+H-2 and O(D-1)+HD SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; VIBRATIONAL-EXCITATION; ORDER DOMAIN; DYNAMICS; H-2; H2O AB A recently developed wavepacket method is applied to study the quantum dynamics of the reactions O(D-1) + H-2 --> OH + H and O(D-1) + HD --> OH(OD) + D(H). The ab initio based, global, 1A' potential energy surface of Ho et al. is employed. The results of three-dimensional, total angular momentum J=0 scattering calculations are presented and discussed, with emphasis on qualitative features of the dynamics. C1 Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. Wayne State Univ, Dept Chem, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Autonomous Univ Madrid, Dept Quim, Fac Ciencias, Madrid 28039, Spain. RP Balint-Kurti, GG (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. NR 30 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0301-7249 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 1998 VL 110 BP 169 EP 183 DI 10.1039/a801712c PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 148EP UT WOS:000077492000010 ER PT J AU Stancil, PC Dalgarno, A AF Stancil, PC Dalgarno, A TI Chemical processes in astrophysical radiation fields SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Discussion on Chemistry and Physics of Molecules and Grains in Space CY APR 15-17, 1998 CL UNIV NOTTINGHAM, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND HO UNIV NOTTINGHAM ID PHOTODETACHMENT CROSS-SECTIONS; SUPERNOVA 1987A; EARLY UNIVERSE; ASSOCIATION; CHEMISTRY; EMISSION; SN-1987A; ION AB The effects of stimulated photon emission on chemical processes in a radiation field are considered and their influence on the chemistry of the early universe and other astrophysical environments is investigated. Spontaneous and stimulated radiative attachment rate coefficients for H-, Li- and C- are presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dalgarno, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0301-7249 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 1998 VL 109 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1039/a800074c PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 127MB UT WOS:000076353800005 ER PT J AU Kaiser, RI Ochsenfeld, C Stranges, D Head-Gordon, M Lee, YT AF Kaiser, RI Ochsenfeld, C Stranges, D Head-Gordon, M Lee, YT TI Combined crossed molecular beams and ab initio investigation of the formation of carbon-bearing molecules in the interstellar medium via neutral-neutral reactions SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT General Discussion on Chemistry and Physics of Molecules and Grains in Space CY APR 15-17, 1998 CL UNIV NOTTINGHAM, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND HO UNIV NOTTINGHAM ID HYDROCARBON MOLECULES; CHEMICAL-DYNAMICS; RADICAL FORMATION; HIGH-INTENSITY; C(P-3(J)); CLOUDS; ATOMS; C3H; CHEMISTRY; SULFIDE AB The crossed molecular beams reaction of atomic carbon C(P-3(j)) with hydrogen sulfide, H2S, aliene, H2CCCH2, the vinyl radical, C2H3, and deutero-acetylene, C,HD, have been studied at different collision energies up to 42.2 kJ mol(-1) and combined with high level ab initio calculations. All reactions are barrier-less and are dominated by a carbon-hydrogen exchange to form thioformyl (HCS), butatrienyl (HCCCCH2, C3H2 isomer(s), and deuteriated tricarbon hydride(s). This carbon-hydrogen replacement channel represents a one-step alternative reaction pathway to competing ion-molecule reactions to form complex, carbon-bearing molecules in the interstellar medium as well as in the outflow of carbon stars. C1 Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Tech Univ Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, NEC, Dipartmento Chim, I-00185 Rome, Italy. CNR, Ctr Stadi TErmodinam Chim Alte Temp, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RP Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, 1,Sect 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM kaiser@po.iams.sinica.edu.tw; chi@alcatraz.cchem.berkeley.edu; dstranges@axrma.uniroma1.it; mhg@alcatraz.cchem.berkeley.edu; ytlee@gate.sinica.edu.tw RI Lee, Yuan-Tseh/F-7914-2012; Ochsenfeld, Christian/E-8021-2015; OI Ochsenfeld, Christian/0000-0002-4189-6558; STRANGES, Domenico/0000-0002-7003-4519 NR 63 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 1998 VL 109 BP 183 EP 204 DI 10.1039/a800077h PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 127MB UT WOS:000076353800012 ER PT J AU Irvine Zare Clemett Pillinger Sedlmayr Ehrenfreund Sarre Leach Speck, AK Papoular Crovisier Vigasin van Dishoeck Bernath Owen Kaiser Palumbo Schutte Aikawa Nuth, J Gounelle van Winkel Smith Vidali Liu Herbst Stancil Millar Hatchell Thaddeus Bernstein AF Irvine Zare Clemett Pillinger Sedlmayr Ehrenfreund Sarre Leach Speck, AK Papoular Crovisier Vigasin van Dishoeck Bernath Owen Kaiser Palumbo Schutte Aikawa Nuth, J Gounelle van Winkel Smith Vidali Liu Herbst Stancil Millar Hatchell Thaddeus Bernstein TI General discussion SO FARADAY DISCUSSIONS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ASTROPHYSICAL ICE ANALOGS; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION FEATURES; MICRON ABSORPTION; RED RECTANGLE; DUST SHELLS; HALE-BOPP; X-RAY; SPECTRA C1 Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Open Univ, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. Tech Univ Berlin, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Leiden Univ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. Observ Paris, Meudon, France. UCL, London WC1E 6BT, England. CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Russian Acad Sci, Moscow 117901, Russia. Univ Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Acad Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan. Osserv Astrofis Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy. Univ Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium. Syracuse Univ, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, Lancs, England. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NR 80 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-6640 EI 1364-5498 J9 FARADAY DISCUSS JI Faraday Discuss. PY 1998 VL 109 BP 493 EP 516 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 127MB UT WOS:000076353800029 ER PT S AU Gopalan, V AF Gopalan, V BE Treece, RE Jones, RE Foster, CM Desu, SB Yoo, IK TI Domain wall pinning by grain boundaries during electric field poling of KNbO3 thin films SO FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS VI SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Ferroelectric Thin Films VI Symposium, at the 1997 MRS Fall Meeting CY DEC 01-05, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We present evidence for grain-boundary pinning of domain walls as controlling the electric field poling behavior of KNbO3 thin films. Two epitaxial film systems are compared: (I) film on MgO(100) substrate with KNbO3 (110)//120 Angstrom SrTiO3 (100)//MgO(100) and (II) film on SrTiO3 (100) substrate with KNbO3 (110)//SrTiO3 (100). Quantitative measurement of the area fractions of four domain variants in each film system was made using in-situ second harmonic generation measurement while applying an external electric field at room temperature. While the film system (I) showed reversible domain wall motion, the film system (:II) showed some permanent poling after the removal of the external field. Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed a network of low angle grain boundaries of similar to 1.5-2 degrees misorientation along the substrate cubic axes in the growth plane of the film system (I) and also a network of 60 degrees and 120 degrees domain walls intersecting these grain boundaries at 45 degrees in the film growth plane. These features were found to be absent in the film system (II). We propose that the observed electric field poling phenomena is due to the pinning of 60 degrees and 120 degrees domain walls by low angle grain boundaries. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gopalan, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, MS K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-398-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 493 BP 75 EP 79 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BL02Z UT WOS:000074085900012 ER PT J AU Coester, F Riska, DO AF Coester, F Riska, DO TI Poincare-covariant quark models of baryon form factors SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT MATRIX-ELEMENTS; NUCLEON; PHYSICS; DYNAMICS AB Poincare-covariant quark models of the nucleon, the Delta resonance and their excitations are explored. The baryon states are represented by eigenfunctions of the four-velocity and a confining mass operator, which reproduces the empirical baryon masses up to similar to 1700 MeV to an accuracy of similar to 6%. Models of constituent-quark currents provide the relations between ground-state properties and transition amplitudes. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Coester, F (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PY 1998 VL 25 IS 1-3 BP 29 EP 43 DI 10.1007/s006010050092 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 155WU UT WOS:000077970000003 ER PT J AU Adam, J Gross, F Van Orden, JW AF Adam, J Gross, F Van Orden, JW TI Lagrangian with off-shell vertices and field redefinitions SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC CORRECTIONS; CHARGE; CURRENTS AB Meson-exchange diagrams following from a Lagrangian with off-shell meson-nucleon couplings are compared with those generated from conventional dynamics. The off-shell interactions can be transformed away with the help of a nucleon field redefinition. Contributions to the nucleon-nucleon and three-nucleon potentials and nonminimal contact electromagnetic meson-exchange currents are discussed, mostly for the important case of scalar meson exchange. C1 Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Nucl Phys, CZ-25068 Rez, Czech Republic. Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Phys, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Adam, J (reprint author), Jefferson Lab, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Adam, Jiri/G-9785-2014 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PY 1998 VL 25 IS 1-3 BP 73 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s006010050095 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 155WU UT WOS:000077970000006 ER PT J AU Wilburn, WS Gould, CR Hale, GM Huffman, PR Keith, CD Roberson, NR Tornow, W AF Wilburn, WS Gould, CR Hale, GM Huffman, PR Keith, CD Roberson, NR Tornow, W TI Measurements at low energies of the polarization-transfer coefficient K-y(y ') for the reaction H-3((p)over-right-arrow,(n)over-right-arrow)He-3 at 0 degrees SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID SCATTERING AB Measurements of the transverse polarization-transfer coefficient K-y(y') for the reaction H-3((p) over right arrow, (n) over right arrow)He-3 are reported for outgoing neutron energies of 1.94, 5.21, and 5.81 MeV. This reaction is important both as a source of polarized neutrons for nuclear-physics experiments, and as a test of theoretical descriptions of the nuclear four-body system. Comparison is made to previous measurements, confirming that the H-3((p) over right arrow, (n) over right arrow(3)He reaction can be used as a polarized neutron source with the polarization known to an accuracy of approximately 5%. Comparison to R-matrix theory suggests that the sign of the F-3(3) phase-shift parameter is incorrect. Changing the sign of this parameter dramatically improves the agreement between theory and experiment. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Phys, Durham, NC 27708 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Triangle Univ Nucl Lab, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Wilburn, WS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Gould, Christopher/M-7676-2013 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PY 1998 VL 24 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s006010050074 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZQ892 UT WOS:000073913500002 ER PT J AU Davis, WM Wise, MB Furey, JS Thompson, CV AF Davis, WM Wise, MB Furey, JS Thompson, CV TI Rapid detection of volatile organic compounds in groundwater by in situ purge and direct-sampling ion-trap mass spectrometry SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE site characterization; volatile organic compounds; VOC; groundwater contamination; cone penetrometry ID FIELD AB Site characterization for subsurface contaminants is time-consuming and costly. The Tri-Service Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) has been developed to reduce the time and cost required for site characterization. Probes are designed to detect specific classes of contaminants such as petroleum products, explosive compounds, volatile organic compounds (VOC), and others. This article describes the Hydrosparge VOC sensor, an in situ VOC detection system that is capable of rapid subsurface site characterization of VOC contaminant distribution. The system consists of a direct push well for groundwater access, an in situ sparge module, and a direct-sampling ion-trap mass spectrometer. The results obtained with the SCAPS in situ technique indicate a strong linear relationship with EPA methods (r(2) = 0.84). SCAPS Hydrosparge VOC sensor has been demonstrated to reduce the time and cost required to characterize sites by directing the placement of a reduced number of conventional monitoring wells. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 USA Enginners, Environm Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, US DOE, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. DynTel Corp, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. RP Davis, WM (reprint author), USA Enginners, Environm Lab, Waterways Expt Stn, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1998 VL 2 IS 2 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1998)2:2<89::AID-FACT4>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA ZJ484 UT WOS:000073220300004 ER PT J AU Thompson, CV Wise, MB AF Thompson, CV Wise, MB TI Effects of Silcosteel (R) transfer line on the sampling of volatile organic compounds SO FIELD ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fused silica; transfer line; air sampling; VOCs; direct sampling; mass spectrometry ID AMBIENT AIR; MS AB A 150-ft section of 1/16-in. o.d. x 0.030-in i.d. fused-silica-lined stainless tubing (Silcosteel(R)) was studied to determine its suitability as a transfer line in the sampling and analysis of vapor samples of Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), principally in subsurface soil gases. A variety of test atmospheres of individual VOCs at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10,000 ppm were used to challenge the tubing. The adsorptive and desorptive properties of the tubing were characterized under conditions [14 degrees C (57 degrees F) end 90% RH] comparable to subsurface environments and also at temperatures of 2 degrees C (35 degrees F) and 46 degrees C (115 degrees F). Clearance rates of the selected VOCs from the tubing were also determined. Direct-sampling ion-trap mass spectrometry (DS-ITMS) real-time air monitoring was used to measure the effects of the transfer line on the vapor samples. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Thompson, CV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1086-900X J9 FIELD ANAL CHEM TECH JI Field Anal. Chem. Technol. PY 1998 VL 2 IS 5 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6521(1998)2:5<309::AID-FACT8>3.0.CO;2-M PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 130VC UT WOS:000076540200008 ER PT B AU Determan, JC Becker, GK AF Determan, JC Becker, GK GP AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TI Expert system technology for nondestructive waste assay SO FIFTEENTH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AAAI-98) AND TENTH CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE (IAAI-98) - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 98) / 10th Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI 98) CY JUL 26-30, 1998 CL MADISON, WI SP Amer Assoc Artificial Intelligence, ACM, SIGART, Defense Adv Res Projects Agcy, Microsoft Corp, USN, Off Naval Res, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Natl Sci Fdn DE AI systems; expert systems; fuzzy reasoning; inductive learning; applications AB A system combining genetic algorithms and a fuzzy-rule induction routine has been developed. Two prototype expert systems, one derived analytically, and one derived empirically by the fuzzy-rule induction system, were developed to evaluate the utility of expert system technology relative to waste nondestructive assay (NDA) data review. Technical review of waste NDA measurement data, though warranted with respect to present day waste NDA system capabilities, is labor intensive. Hence it is desirable to have an automated system to perform technical review. It has been shown that both the analytically and empirically derived expert systems produce reasonable results, but that the automatic system can produce fuzzy rules more efficiently and accurately than the analytical method. A visual explanation facility for fuzzy expert systems has also been developed. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Determan, JC (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DR, MENLO PK, CA 94025 USA BN 0-262-51098-7 PY 1998 BP 1107 EP 1112 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BL71Z UT WOS:000076427500157 ER PT B AU Murray, CJ Scheibe, TD Brockman, FJ Streile, GP Ckilakapati, A AF Murray, CJ Scheibe, TD Brockman, FJ Streile, GP Ckilakapati, A BE Wickramanayake, GB Hinchee, RE TI Geostatistical characterization of microbiological and physical properties for bioremediation modeling SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS, VOL 1: RISK, RESOURCE, AND REGULATORY ISSUES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 18-21, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA AB Geostatistical methods were used to quantify the spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of microbiological activity and physical properties in subsurface sediments at two field sites the White Bluffs and Oyster/Abbott's sites. Variograms were calculated for the permeability and aerobic microbial activity at the White Bluffs site. Sequential Gaussian simulation was used to generate a 2-D realization of permeability in the sand and silt facies at the White Bluffs. Indicator methods were then used to simulate the distribution of microbial activity. Using a calibration between aerobic microbial activity data and phospholipid data, the activity simulation was transformed into a simulation of microbial biomass at the site. A combination of indicator and Gaussian geostatistical methods was also used to generate realizations of the physical and microbiological properties at the Oyster site. The simulations of permeability and microbial biomass are being used as inputs for reactive flow and transport models to study the effects of microbial heterogeneity on intrinsic bioremediation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in the presence of phenol and oxygen. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Murray, CJ (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-056-X PY 1998 BP 79 EP 84 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL54Q UT WOS:000075845900013 ER PT B AU Hightower, M Armstrong, J Beam, P Ingle, D Steimle, R Trizinsky, M AF Hightower, M Armstrong, J Beam, P Ingle, D Steimle, R Trizinsky, M BE Wickramanayake, GB Hinchee, RE TI Cooperative approach in implementing innovative technologies at the Pinellas STAR Center SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS, VOL 1: RISK, RESOURCE, AND REGULATORY ISSUES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 18-21, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA AB The Department of Energy's (DOE) Environmental Restoration Program Office (EM40) and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Technology Innovation Office (TIO) developed a joint program based on the Clean Sites Inc. Public-Private Partnership concept to assist in accelerating the adoption and implementation of new and innovative remediation technologies. Coordinated by Sandia National Laboratories, the Innovative Treatment Remediation Demonstration (ITRD) Program attempts to reduce many of the barriers and disincentives to the use of new remediation technologies by involving government, industry, and regulatory agencies in the assessment, selection, implementation, and validation of innovative technologies at DOE facilities. Selected technologies are used to remediate small sites and generate the full-scale and real-world cost and performance data needed to validate these technologies and accelerate their use nationwide. An ITRD project was initiated at the Pinellas Science, Technology, and Research (STAR) Center, formerly the DOE Pinellas Plant, in Large, Florida. The project addressed chlorinated solvent contamination of soil and ground water in a shallow anaerobic aquifer. This cooperative effort provided technical and funding resources to assist the site in evaluating innovative technologies with the potential to enhance remediation efforts at the site. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Hightower, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-056-X PY 1998 BP 229 EP 233 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL54Q UT WOS:000075845900038 ER PT B AU Warren, SW Breck, MC AF Warren, SW Breck, MC BE Wickramanayake, GB Hinchee, RE TI Environmental restoration program technology initiatives SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS, VOL 1: RISK, RESOURCE, AND REGULATORY ISSUES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 18-21, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA AB Over the past two years, the Department of Energy's (DOE's) Environmental Restoration Program has conducted a number of analyses to support a program goal of deploying the right technologies at the right time at the right sites. The initiatives included: defining problem sets and environmental conditions in the Environmental Restoration Program; developing Preferred Alternatives Matrices (PAMs) and requirements definitions; and identifying performance-based contracting opportunities. In combination with other DOE and federal agency efforts, these initiatives will facilitate informed decision making. C1 US DOE, Washington, DC USA. RP Warren, SW (reprint author), US DOE, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-056-X PY 1998 BP 241 EP 246 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL54Q UT WOS:000075845900040 ER PT B AU Peurrung, LM Bergsman, TM Powell, TD Roberts, JS Schalla, R AF Peurrung, LM Bergsman, TM Powell, TD Roberts, JS Schalla, R BE Wickramanayake, GB Hinchee, RE TI Six-Phase Soil Heating of the saturated zone SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS, VOL 5: PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 18-21, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA AB Although Six-Phase Soil Heating (SPSH) has been demonstrated to remove recalcitrant compounds such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE) from the unsaturated zone of soils (Bergsman et al., 1995; Gauglitz et al., 1994), it had never been applied to a permeable saturated zone. In early 1997, a SPSH field demonstration was successfully conducted in an uncontaminated aquifer at Dover Air Force Base using tracer compounds to mimic Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs) such as TCE and PCE commonly found at Air Force sites. A zone roughly 42 feet (13 m) in diameter and 15 feet (3 m) thick was heated for a total of 30 days. Boiling occurred throughout the aquifer. A total of 50,000 gallons (200 m(3)) of condensate was ultimately removed from the site during operations, an amount approximately equal to all the subsurface moisture initially present in the heated region. The energy used was 200,000 kW-hrs. The tracer results showed no significant migration of tracers in the groundwater, some migration of tracers in the unsaturated zone, full recovery of one tracer in the extracted off gas, and 35% recovery of the other. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Peurrung, LM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-060-8 PY 1998 BP 63 EP 68 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL54U UT WOS:000075849200010 ER PT B AU Rice, B AF Rice, B BE Wickramanayake, GB Hinchee, RE TI Remediation demonstration of dual-auger rotary steam stripping SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS, VOL 5: PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 18-21, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA AB A field-scale remediation demonstration using dual-auger rotary steam stripping was performed at the former U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Pinellas Plant in Large, Florida, from January through April 1997. The goal of the remediation demonstration was to reduce areas of high contaminant concentration for the potential future application of in situ anaerobic bioremediation, while collecting cost and performance information on the rotary steam-stripping technology. The demonstration provided adequate analytical and operational data to evaluate the cost and performance of the rotary steam-stripping technology. Initial operational tests indicated that contaminant removal could be accomplished; however, several issues complicated the evaluation of the technology and slowed the progress of remediation. Following numerous system and operational changes, the system demonstrated liberation of contaminants from the site and, under controlled operations, destroyed recovered contaminant vapors with an off-gas treatment system. C1 Roy F Weston Inc, US DOE, Grand Junct Off, Grand Junction, CO USA. RP Rice, B (reprint author), Roy F Weston Inc, US DOE, Grand Junct Off, Grand Junction, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-060-8 PY 1998 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL54U UT WOS:000075849200020 ER PT B AU Leif, RN Chiarappa, M Aines, RD Newmark, RL Knauss, KG AF Leif, RN Chiarappa, M Aines, RD Newmark, RL Knauss, KG BE Wickramanayake, GB Hinchee, RE TI In situ hydrothermal oxidative destruction of DNAPLs in a creosote contaminated site SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS, VOL 5: PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 18-21, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA AB Hydrous Pyrolysis/Oxidation (HPO) is an in situ thermal remediation technology that uses hot, oxygenated groundwater to completely mineralize a wide range of organic pollutants. A field demonstration of HPO was performed at a creosote contaminated site during the summer of 1997. The groundwater was heated by steam injections and oxygen Mi as added by coinjection of compressed air. The remediation was monitored from multiple groundwater monitoring wells. Dissolved organic carbon levels increased in response to steam injections as a result of the enhanced dissolution and mobilization of the creosote into the heated groundwater. Elevated concentrations of partially oxidized organic compounds (i.e. phenols, benzoic acid, fluorenone, anthrone and 9,10-anthracenedione), decreased levels of dissolved oxygen and isotopic shifts in the dissolved inorganic pool were indicators of partial to complete oxidative destruction of the creosote in the heated aquifer as a result of the HPO process. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Leif, RN (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-060-8 PY 1998 BP 133 EP 138 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL54U UT WOS:000075849200021 ER PT B AU Rossabi, J Riha, BD Vanpelt, RS Kmetz, T Pemberton, BE AF Rossabi, J Riha, BD Vanpelt, RS Kmetz, T Pemberton, BE BE Wickramanayake, GB Hinchee, RE TI Passive soil vapor extraction for interim remediation at the Savannah River Site SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS, VOL 5: PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 18-21, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA AB Passive soil vapor extraction (PSVE) or barometric pumping has been used as a rapid, interim remediation strategy at a waste site contaminated with chlorinated solvents. Cone penetrometer-installed wells have removed more than 50 Ibs. (23 kg) of solvent in the first year of operation. The cone penetrometer was used to both characterize the site and install 2 " (0.051 m)-diameter, vadose zone remediation wells fitted with Baroball check valves to enhance the passive removal rate of vapor phase contaminants. The complete vadose zone characterization and remediation system installation at the 3-acre waste site was completed in three weeks. C1 Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC USA. RP Rossabi, J (reprint author), Savannah River Technol Ctr, Aiken, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-060-8 PY 1998 BP 161 EP 167 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL54U UT WOS:000075849200025 ER PT B AU Thornton, EC Szecsody, JE Cantrell, KJ Thompson, CJ Evans, JC Fruchter, JS Mitroshkov, AV AF Thornton, EC Szecsody, JE Cantrell, KJ Thompson, CJ Evans, JC Fruchter, JS Mitroshkov, AV BE Wickramanayake, GB Hinchee, RE TI Reductive dechlorination of TCE by dithionite-treated sediment SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS, VOL 5: PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 18-21, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA AB Laboratory flow-through column tests have been performed to evaluate the degradation of TCE by dithionite-treated sediment. These tests involved packing sand-sized samples obtained from the Hanford formation into columns and reducing the iron fraction of the sediment with a pH-buffered dithionite solution. TCE solutions were subsequently pumped through columns at various flow rates and the effluent analyzed for TCE and byproducts. Column experimental data collected to date indicate reduction of TCE can be approximated as a pseudo-first-order reaction with half-life values ranging from 19 to 66 hours. Analysis of column effluent samples indicates that most of the TCE is converted to acetylene, though minor amounts of ethylene and chloroacetylene were also observed. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Thornton, EC (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-060-8 PY 1998 BP 335 EP 340 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL54U UT WOS:000075849200052 ER PT B AU Knauss, KG Dibley, MJ Leif, RN Mew, DA Aines, RD AF Knauss, KG Dibley, MJ Leif, RN Mew, DA Aines, RD BE Wickramanayake, GB Hinchee, RE TI Aqueous oxidation of trichloroethene (TCE): A kinetic and thermodynamic analysis SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON REMEDIATION OF CHLORINATED AND RECALCITRANT COMPOUNDS, VOL 5: PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds CY MAY 18-21, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA AB An empirical kinetic rate law was determined for the aqueous oxidation of trichloroethene (TCE). By measuring both the rate of disappearance of TCE and the rate of appearance of carbon dioxide and chloride ion, mass balance was monitored to confirm that "mineralization" was the ultimate reaction. Dilute buffer solutions were used to fu;pH and stoichiometrically sufficient amounts of dissolved oxygen to make the reactions zero-order in oxygen. Using standard chemical kinetic methods, two orders of magnitude were spanned in initial TCE concentration and used in the resulting double-log plot vs, initial rate (regressed using both linear and polynomial fits) to determine the rate constant and "true" reaction order (i.e., with respect to concentration, not time). By determining rate constants over the temperature interval 343-373K, an Arrhenius activation energy was determined for the reaction. The potential effects of buffer ligand concentration and type (phosphate, berate, acetate, carbonate, sulfate), ionic strength, specific electrolytes, and pH on the rate of TCE aqueous oxidation were studied. The aqueous oxidation reaction rate was found to be pH dependent over the pH range pH 2 to pH 10 and strongly inhibited by high bromide concentration. The equilibrium aqueous solubility of TCE was determined by making reversed measurements from 294-390K. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Knauss, KG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-060-8 PY 1998 BP 359 EP 364 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BL54U UT WOS:000075849200056 ER PT B AU Somorjai, GA AF Somorjai, GA BE Olij, WJV Anderson, HR TI The molecular surface science of adhesion SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - INVITED PAPERS: FESTSCHRIFT IN HONOR OF DR. K.L. MITTAL ON THE OCCASION OF HIS 50TH BIRTHDAY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Congress on Adhesion Science and Technology in Honor of Dr Kash Mittal on his 50th Birthday CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Akzo Nobel, DSM Res, Dow Corning Corp, H F Fuller Co, 3M Co, Procter & Gamble, Adhes Soc Japan, French Chem Soc, Israeli Polymers & Plast Soc, Italian Chem Soc, Royal Dutch Chem Soc, Swedish Chem Soc DE surface science of adhesion; atomic force microscopy; strong adhesion; weak adhesion; adhesion and catalysis ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; FILMS; RECONSTRUCTION; RELAXATIONS; GENERATION; CATALYSIS; PRESSURE; FORCES; CO AB The discovery of new techniques has permitted molecular level investigations of chemisorption bonds, which lead to strong adhesion and physisorption, and of van der Waals bonds, that lead to weak adhesion and control motion at the interface (molecular tribology). The atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopes (AFM and STM). the surface force apparatus (SFA), and vibrational spectroscopic studies using sum frequency generation (SFG) by nonlinear laser optics have permitted in situ investigations of buried interfaces: solid-liquid and solid-solid. Strong adhesion leads to adsorbate-induced restructuring of the substrate, where the exothermic hear of chemisorption produces weakening of metal-metal bonds (an endothermic process) that is needed to induce the relocation of the substrate atoms. The work of adhesion and the coefficient of friction were measured by AM in the elastic deformation regime (nano-newton forces) for hard carbon films with variable hydrogen content. Both the work of adhesion and the friction coefficient increase with increasing hydrogen content of the carbon film that is smooth on the atomic scale. Friction can be markedly decreased by a thin perfluoroether film. SFG studies permit detection of the restructuring of adsorbed molecules at the buried interfaces, under applied load. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 8 PU VSP BV-C/O BRILL ACAD PUBL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-6764-291-6 PY 1998 BP 3 EP 20 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BN02P UT WOS:000080424700001 ER PT B AU Jung, DR Czanderna, AW AF Jung, DR Czanderna, AW BE Olij, WJV Anderson, HR TI Interactions and reactions at metal/self-assembled organic monolayer interfaces SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - INVITED PAPERS: FESTSCHRIFT IN HONOR OF DR. K.L. MITTAL ON THE OCCASION OF HIS 50TH BIRTHDAY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Congress on Adhesion Science and Technology in Honor of Dr Kash Mittal on his 50th Birthday CY OCT 16-20, 1995 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SP Akzo Nobel, DSM Res, Dow Corning Corp, H F Fuller Co, 3M Co, Procter & Gamble, Adhes Soc Japan, French Chem Soc, Israeli Polymers & Plast Soc, Italian Chem Soc, Royal Dutch Chem Soc, Swedish Chem Soc DE self-assembled monolayers (SAMs); metal-polymer interactions; metal-polymer interfaces; Cr interactions with CH3, CN, COOH and COOCH3; XPS of metal SAM interactions ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ION-SCATTERING SPECTROSCOPY; OXIDIZED ALUMINUM SURFACE; NORMAL-ALKANOIC ACIDS; MOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES; FUNCTIONAL-GROUPS; 11-MERCAPTOUNDECANOIC ACID; THIN-FILMS; NA ATOMS; OVERLAYERS AB The purpose of research on a metal (M) deposited onto self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is to understand the interactions between the metal and eventually metal oxide overlayers on well-ordered organic surfaces. Applications of M/SAM and inorganic/SAM research results to the understanding of real inorganic/organic interfaces in vacuum and under environmental conditions can potentially play a key role in the development of advanced devices with stable interfacial properties. The results of M/SAM studies to date are reviewed and M/SAM combinations ranked according to reactivity and penetration. As a set of specific examples, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to identify the chemical shifts from species formed at M/SAM interfaces after evaporation of up to 1.0 nm of Cr overlayers on the CH3, CN, COOH, and COOCH3 end groups of appropriate SAMs an Au. The reactivity of Cr promotes growth of relatively smooth Cr layers without detectable penetration of the SAM. Chemical bonds are formed with carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, which will enhance adhesion at Cr/polymer interfaces for polymers with the organic functional groups studied. The XPS spectra show intensities of carbide- and/or oxide-like species on the different end groups, all of which should enhance adhesion at the interface. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Czanderna, AW (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd,MS-3214, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU VSP BV-C/O BRILL ACAD PUBL PI LEIDEN PA PO BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-6764-291-6 PY 1998 BP 717 EP 746 PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BN02P UT WOS:000080424700041 ER PT B AU Peace, GL Nirmalakhandan, N Brennan, RA AF Peace, GL Nirmalakhandan, N Brennan, RA BE Varma, CVJ Rao, ARG Kaushish, SP TI Cascade air-stripping process for removal of semi-volatile organic contaminants from drinking water: Economic evaluation SO FIRST INTERNATIONAL SPECIALIZED CONFERENCE ON WATER QUALITY AND ITS MANAGEMENT - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Specialized Conference on Water Quality and Its Management CY MAR 02-06, 1998 CL NEW DELHI, INDIA SP Int Assoc Water Qual AB Several drinking water supplies in the industrial countries around the world are known to be contaminated with synthetic organic chemicals. The best available technologies for wellhead treatment of such waters are: packed tower, counter current air-stripping and activated carbon adsorption. The former is well suited for volatile organic contaminants and a simple and cost-effective technology. Activated carbon adsorption while applicable for both volatile and semi volatile chemicals, is at least 30% more expensive. Water utilities and researchers are interested in improving the cost effectiveness of the air stripping process and extending its applicability to a wider range of contaminants. In order to achieve these goals, theoretical considerations indicate that the air flow rate through the system has. to be maximized. However, increasing the air flow rate beyond certain limits lead to prohibitive energy requirements and to process failure hue to flooding. In this paper, a novel modification of the air stripping process is described that has the potential to remove low and semi volatile organic contaminants cost effectively. It is demonstrated that even with off-gas treatment added on, the proposed process configuration is cheaper than other available technologies. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Peace, GL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-777-4 PY 1998 BP 311 EP 318 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BL65B UT WOS:000076170000038 ER PT B AU Hovland, P Bischof, C AF Hovland, P Bischof, C GP IEEE TI Automatic differentiation for message-passing parallel programs SO FIRST MERGED INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM & SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Merged International Parallel Processing Symposium/Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing (IPPS/SPDP 1998) CY MAR 30-APR 03, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc, ACM SIGARCH AB Many applications require the derivatives of functions defined by computer programs. Automatic differentiation (AD) is a means of developing code to compute the derivatives of complicated functions accurately and efficiently, without the difficulties associated with developing correct code by hand. We discuss some of the issues involved in developing automatic differentiation tools for parallel programming environments. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hovland, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Dept Math & Comp Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Bischof, Christian/D-2897-2009 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8403-8 PY 1998 BP 98 EP 104 DI 10.1109/IPPS.1998.669896 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK74S UT WOS:000073316800015 ER PT B AU Bassetti, F Davis, K Quinlan, D AF Bassetti, F Davis, K Quinlan, D GP IEEE TI C++ expression templates performance issues in scientific computing SO FIRST MERGED INTERNATIONAL PARALLEL PROCESSING SYMPOSIUM & SYMPOSIUM ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st Merged International Parallel Processing Symposium/Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing (IPPS/SPDP 1998) CY MAR 30-APR 03, 1998 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Parallel Proc, ACM SIGARCH AB Ever-increasing size and complexity of software applications and libraries in parallel scientific computing is making implementation in the programming languages traditional for this field-FORTRAN 77 and C-impractical. The major impediment to the progression to a higher-level language such as C++ is attaining FORTRAN 77 or C performance, which is considered absolutely necessary by many practitioners. The use of template metaprogramming in C++, in the form of so-called expression templates to generate custom C++ code, holds great promise for getting C performance from C++ in the context of operations on array-like objects. Several sophisticated expression template implementations of parallel array-class libraries exist, and in certain circumstances their promise of performance is realized. Unfortunately this is not uniformly the case; this paper explores the major reasons for this. A more complete version of this paper may be obtained from http://www.c3.lanl.gov/(-)kei/ipps98.html. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci Comp Grp CIC19, Comp Informat & Commun Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bassetti, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Sci Comp Grp CIC19, Comp Informat & Commun Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8403-8 PY 1998 BP 635 EP 639 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK74S UT WOS:000073316800099 ER PT S AU Frenkel, AI Fanning, DM Robinson, IK Adler, DL Cross, JO AF Frenkel, AI Fanning, DM Robinson, IK Adler, DL Cross, JO BE Cohen, RE TI DAFS study of local structure of ordered nanodomains in PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 SO FIRST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS FOR FERROELECTRICS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Williamsburg Workshop on 1st-Principles Calculations for Ferroelectrics CY FEB 01-04, 1998 CL WILLIAMSBURG, VA SP USN, Off Naval Res, Carnegie Inst Washington AB We have performed a Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure (DAFS) study of a single crystal of the relaxer ferroelectric PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3. DAFS measurements were performed at the Nb K edge on a half order Bragg reflection originating from the 1:1 ordered nanodomains. DAFS data analysis provided us with the local structure around Nb atoms in the ordered nanodomains. The Nb-O distance in the ordered region was determined to be 0.052(10) Angstrom shorter than half the lattice parameter of the bulk crystal, in good agreement with one model of the ferroelectric phase transition broadening [JETP 84, 994 (1997)]. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Frenkel, AI (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Bldg 510 E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-730-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 436 BP 96 EP 106 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA BL30B UT WOS:000075034000011 ER PT B AU Cada, GF AF Cada, GF BE Jungwirth, M Schmutz, S Weiss, S TI Fish passage mitigation at hydroelectric power projects in the United States SO FISH MIGRATION AND FISH BYPASSES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fish Migration and Fish Bypasses CY SEP 24-27, 1996 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA SP Univ Agr Sci, Dept Hydrobiol Fisheries & Aquaculture DE upstream passage; downstream passage; hydroelectric; entrainment AB Recent efforts of the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Hydropower Program have focused on the mitigation of adverse effects of darns on upstream and downstream fish passage. An initial study of 707 recently licensed hydropower projects in the United States indicated that approximately 11% were required to provide upstream fish passage and 28% were required to provide downstream fish passage. Despite considerable effort to design and install fish passage devices, many projects had no detailed performance criteria and no performance monitoring requirements. A follow-up study examined the effectiveness of fish passage mitigative measures at 16 hydropower projects that had conducted performance monitoring. Fish ladders and lifts can be very effective in moving fish upstream past a dam; some of the case study projects were nearly 100% effective. Three of the 12 case studies with downstream passage measures have successfully increased the survival of downstream-migrating fish. However, in other instances the devices have failed or, more commonly, operational monitoring has not been adequate to make a judgement about their effectiveness. As an alternative to downstream fish passage screening, the DOE Advanced Hydropower Turbine Systems Program has begun a phased effort to design, build and test fish-friendly turbines, i.e. turbine systems in which environmental attributes such as entrainment survival, instream flow needs, and/or water quality enhancement are emphasised. Such turbine systems could allow the efficient generation of electricity while minimising the damage to fish and their habitats. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cada, GF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU FISHING NEWS BOOKS LTD PI FARNHAM PA FARNHAM, SURREY, ENGLAND BN 0-85238-253-7 PY 1998 BP 208 EP 219 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BQ63M UT WOS:000089018500016 ER PT B AU Nix, JR Moller, P AF Nix, JR Moller, P BE Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV TI Masses and deformations of neutron-rich nuclei SO FISSION AND PROPERTIES OF NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fission and Properties of Neutron-Rich Nuclei CY NOV 10-15, 1997 CL SANIBEL ISL, FL SP Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res in Oak Ridge, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UNIRIB Consortium, US DOE, Vanderbilt Univ, Pulcir Inc AB We have calculated the masses, deformations, and other properties of 8979 nuclei ranging from O-16 to (339)136 and extending from the proton drip line to the neutron drip line on the basis of the 1992 version of the finite-range droplet model. The predicted quantities include the ground-state mass, deformation, microscopic correction, odd-proton and odd-neutron spins and parities, proton and neutron pairing gaps, binding energy, one- and two-neutron separation energies, quantities related to beta-delayed one- and two-neutron emission probabilities, beta-decay energy release and half-life with respect to Gamow-Teller decay, one- and two-proton separation energies, and alpha-decay energy release and half-life. For 1654 nuclei heavier than O-16 whose masses were known experimentally in 1989 and which were included in the adjustment of model constants, the theoretical error is 0.669 MeV. For 371 additional nuclei heavier than O-16 whose masses have been measured between 1989 and 1996 and which were not used in the adjustment of the model constants, the theoretical error is 0.570 MeV. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nix, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3537-2 PY 1998 BP 63 EP 72 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL98K UT WOS:000077363600004 ER PT B AU Rasmussen, JO Donangelo, R AF Rasmussen, JO Donangelo, R BE Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV TI Spin distributions in spontaneous fission SO FISSION AND PROPERTIES OF NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fission and Properties of Neutron-Rich Nuclei CY NOV 10-15, 1997 CL SANIBEL ISL, FL SP Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res in Oak Ridge, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UNIRIB Consortium, US DOE, Vanderbilt Univ, Pulcir Inc AB The population of rotational band members has been determined by various groups from relative intensities in prompt gamma spectra following spontaneous fission. The theoretical aspects will be examined, taking into account Coulomb excitation as fragments separate, and an anecdotal historical review of nuclear rotational population studies will be presented. Models for spin distributions at scission will be reviewed, and generalizations to population of octupole and gamma, bands will be proposed. Finally, with the prospect of good experimental data, on gamma-fission fragment directional correlations, approaches to interpretation of the data Rill be proposed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rasmussen, JO (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3537-2 PY 1998 BP 150 EP 164 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL98K UT WOS:000077363600012 ER PT B AU Back, BB Blumenthal, DJ Davids, CN Henderson, DJ Hermann, R Hofman, DJ Jiang, CL Nanal, V Penttila, HT Wuosmaa, AH AF Back, BB Blumenthal, DJ Davids, CN Henderson, DJ Hermann, R Hofman, DJ Jiang, CL Nanal, V Penttila, HT Wuosmaa, AH BE Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV TI Viscosity in the fission of hot nuclei SO FISSION AND PROPERTIES OF NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fission and Properties of Neutron-Rich Nuclei CY NOV 10-15, 1997 CL SANIBEL ISL, FL SP Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res in Oak Ridge, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UNIRIB Consortium, US DOE, Vanderbilt Univ, Pulcir Inc AB Although the fission process has been investigated for almost sixty years, it is only recently that the dynamical aspects of fission have been studied in detail. For many years these studies were hampered by the lack of suitable experimental observables against which theoretical calculations could be tested. For example, it was found that the total kinetic energy release in fission can be described equally well by very different dissipation mechanisms. Also the success of the transition state model(1) in describing fission cross sections at lower excitation energies masked the need for a dynamical description of the fission process. Recently, however, Gavron ct al(2) showed that the transition state model was unable to account for the number of neutrons emitted prior to scission at high excitation energy in reactions of O-16+Nd-142. It appeared that a fission delay was required to explain the observations. Subsequent experimental work using different methods to measure the fission dissipation/viscosity has confirmed these initial observations. This paper reviews the recent advances in the study of fission dynamics obtained from a range of experimental observables. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Back, BB (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3537-2 PY 1998 BP 192 EP 201 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL98K UT WOS:000077363600016 ER PT B AU Lee, IY AF Lee, IY BE Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV TI Neutron-rich nuclei produced in deep-inelastic collisions SO FISSION AND PROPERTIES OF NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fission and Properties of Neutron-Rich Nuclei CY NOV 10-15, 1997 CL SANIBEL ISL, FL SP Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res in Oak Ridge, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UNIRIB Consortium, US DOE, Vanderbilt Univ, Pulcir Inc AB We have studied the feasibility of populating high-spin states in neutron-rich nuclei by deep-inelastic reactions. Three reactions, Ca-48+Yb-176, Sm-154+Yb-176 and Sm-154 + Pb-208, have been studied. Using Gammasphere, we observed gamma transitions from nuclei with several neutrons richer than the target. These reactions produced 60 new transitions in 12 neutron-rich nculei. Yrast states with spin up to 20 were populated for the first time in nuclei such as Yb-175,Yb-177,Yb-178. We have determined the production cross section of neutron-rich nuclei, the gamma-ray yield as a function of spin, and the correlation of the yield of projectile- and target-like nuclei. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, IY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3537-2 PY 1998 BP 225 EP 233 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL98K UT WOS:000077363600019 ER PT B AU Dean, DJ AF Dean, DJ BE Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV TI Shell model Monte Carlo studies of nuclei far from stability SO FISSION AND PROPERTIES OF NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fission and Properties of Neutron-Rich Nuclei CY NOV 10-15, 1997 CL SANIBEL ISL, FL SP Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res in Oak Ridge, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UNIRIB Consortium, US DOE, Vanderbilt Univ, Pulcir Inc AB The shell model Monte Carlo technique (SMMC) transforms the traditional nuclear shell model problem into a path-integral over auxiliary fields. Applications of the method to studies of various properties of fp-shell nuclei, including Gamow-Teller strengths and distributions, are reviewed. Part of the future of nuclear structure physics Lies in the study of nuclei far from beta-stability. I will discuss preliminary work on proton deficient Xe isotopes, and on neutron rich nuclei in the sd-pf shells. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3537-2 PY 1998 BP 346 EP 355 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL98K UT WOS:000077363600033 ER PT B AU Rykaczewski, K Grzywacz, R Lewitowicz, M Pfutzner, M Grawe, H AF Rykaczewski, K Grzywacz, R Lewitowicz, M Pfutzner, M Grawe, H BE Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV TI Experiments with neutron-rich isomeric beams SO FISSION AND PROPERTIES OF NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fission and Properties of Neutron-Rich Nuclei CY NOV 10-15, 1997 CL SANIBEL ISL, FL SP Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res in Oak Ridge, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UNIRIB Consortium, US DOE, Vanderbilt Univ, Pulcir Inc AB A review of experimental results obtained on mu s-isomeric states in neutron-rich nuclei produced in fragmentation reactions and studied with SISSI-Alpha-LISE3 spectrometer system at GANIL Caen is given. The perspectives of experiments based on secondary reactions with isomeric beams are presented. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Rykaczewski, K (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3537-2 PY 1998 BP 416 EP 430 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL98K UT WOS:000077363600039 ER PT B AU Rehm, KE AF Rehm, KE BE Hamilton, JH Ramayya, AV TI Multi-neutron transfer reactions at sub-barrier energies SO FISSION AND PROPERTIES OF NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Fission and Properties of Neutron-Rich Nuclei CY NOV 10-15, 1997 CL SANIBEL ISL, FL SP Joint Inst Heavy Ion Res in Oak Ridge, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, UNIRIB Consortium, US DOE, Vanderbilt Univ, Pulcir Inc AB The optimum conditions for multi-neutron transfer have been studied in the system Ni-58 + Sn-124 at bombarding energies at and below the Coulomb barrier. The experiments were performed in inverse kinematics with a Sn-124 beam bombarding a Ni-58 target. The particles were identified with respect to mass and Z in the split-pole spectrograph with a hybrid focal plane detector with mass and Z- resolutions of A/Delta A=150 and Z/Delta Z=70. At all energies the transfer of up to 6 neutrons was observed. The yields for these transfer reactions are found to decrease by about a factor of four for each transferred neutron. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rehm, KE (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, 9700 S Cass Av, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3537-2 PY 1998 BP 495 EP 504 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BL98K UT WOS:000077363600047 ER PT S AU Toet, D Smith, PM Sigmon, TW Qiu, R Takehara, T Sun, S Tsai, CC Harshbarger, WR AF Toet, D Smith, PM Sigmon, TW Qiu, R Takehara, T Sun, S Tsai, CC Harshbarger, WR BE Parsons, GN Tsai, CC Fahlen, TS Seager, CH TI Structural investigations of laser-crystallized hydrogenated amorphous silicon SO FLAT-PANEL DISPLAY MATERIALS-1998 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Flat-Panel Display Materials CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We investigated the structure of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin films crystallized by shea pulses from a XeCl excimer laser at fluences for which total melting of the films occurs. Atomic force microscopy revealed that films prepared using optimized process conditions, leading to hydrogen contents less than or equal to 5 at.%, are smoother after laser crystallization than those prepared by laser-dehydrogenation. The roughness of the laser-crystallized films increases with their thickness, and can be reduced by multiple exposure. A better smoothing is obtained by partially remelting the films after the first irradiation. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the grains in the laser-crystallized films have sizes that are comparable to the Nm thickness. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Toet, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 E Ave,L-271, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-414-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 508 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL94G UT WOS:000077248500014 ER PT S AU Fleming, JG AF Fleming, JG BE Parsons, GN Tsai, CC Fahlen, TS Seager, CH TI A bistable membrane approach to micromachined displays SO FLAT-PANEL DISPLAY MATERIALS-1998 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Flat-Panel Display Materials CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB The fabrication of bistable membrane structures with potential application to projection displays has been demonstrated. The use of a thin film in heavy compression combined with a central pivot point enables the fabrication of devices with two mechanically stable orientations. The demonstration structure consisted of a silicon dioxide membrane, a thin silicon nitride fillet pivot and thin aluminum electrodes. Polysilicon was used as the sacrificial material. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Fleming, JG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, MS 1084,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-414-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 508 BP 219 EP 224 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL94G UT WOS:000077248500034 ER PT S AU Moss, TS Dye, RC Tuenge, RT AF Moss, TS Dye, RC Tuenge, RT BE Parsons, GN Tsai, CC Fahlen, TS Seager, CH TI Production of strontium sulfide coatings by metal organic chemical vapor deposition SO FLAT-PANEL DISPLAY MATERIALS-1998 SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Flat-Panel Display Materials CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB This work was focused on the MOCVD of the cerium-doped strontium sulfide (SrS:Ce) phosphor for use in thin film electroluminescent displays (TFELs). Following previous research on a small scale reactor, a feasibility scale-up using a commercially available reactor enlarged the size of the deposition area to a 4 " diameter wafer or a 2 " by 2 " glass slide. Films were deposited from the reaction of Sr(thd)(2), Ce(thd)(4), and H2S at 450 degrees C and 5 torr. This system employed a liquid delivery system for the accurate and repeatable delivery of the metal organic reagents. The deposition from this reactor was shown to be crystalline-as-deposited SrS with a (200) orientation, possibly a result of the thin nature of the coating and the involvement of (200) grains in the initial nucleation process. The wafers showed good uniformity, but had some thickness variation near the outer radius of the wafer resulting from the addition of H2S from the outside edge. There were eighteen total deposition experiments, of which nine were characterized for EL performance. The highest brightness observed was 5 fL. The samples were exceedingly thin as a result of the fifteen fold increase in the surface area between the deposition reactors. Increasing the sample thickness to 7,000 Angstrom or higher will dramatically increase the brightness of the emission. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Moss, TS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST-7,MS E549, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-414-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 508 BP 289 EP 293 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL94G UT WOS:000077248500044 ER PT B AU Wilson, RD Paul, BK AF Wilson, RD Paul, BK BE Migliore, H Randhawa, S Sullivan, WG Ahmad, MM TI Automated process control for capacitor-discharge welding SO FLEXIBLE AUTOMATION AND INTELLIGENT MANUFACTURING, 1998 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Flexible Automation and Intelligent Manufacturing Conference CY JUL 01-03, 1998 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Or State Univ, Or Ctr Adv Technol Educ, Wacker Silronic,Inc AB Capacitor discharge welding (CDW) is an autogenous, rapid solidification, joining process ideal for joining small parts of similar or dissimilar metals. Potential applications include welding of electrical contacts, cutting tool inserts, and automotive valves. Because of high cooling rates in excess of one million degrees C/s, the production rate for CDW process is very high. However, potential industrial users have been hesitant to use CDW due largely to the unavailability of automated process control. The objective of this research was to develop models for an on-line quality control feedback system for CDW. The system described monitors current and voltage curves produced during the welding cycle. These curves have been found to be good indicators of certain types of welding defects. A closed-loop automation architecture for future work will also be discussed. C1 US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR USA. RP Wilson, RD (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BEGELL HOUSE, INC PI NEW YORK PA 145 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 1-567-00118-1 PY 1998 BP 679 EP 688 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BN14C UT WOS:000080858100061 ER PT J AU de Bruyn Kops, SM Riley, JJ Kosaly, G Cook, AW AF de Bruyn Kops, SM Riley, JJ Kosaly, G Cook, AW TI Investigation of modeling for non-premixed turbulent combustion SO FLOW TURBULENCE AND COMBUSTION LA English DT Article DE large-eddy simulations; reacting flows; subgrid-scale models ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LAMINAR FLAMELET APPROACH; REACTING FLOWS; SHEAR FLOWS; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; SCALE STRUCTURE; HEAT RELEASE; DIFFUSION AB A method for predicting filtered chemical species concentrations and filtered reaction rates in Large-Eddy Simulations of non-premixed, non-isothermal, turbulent reacting flows has been demonstrated to be quite accurate for higher Damkohler numbers. This subgrid-scale model is based on flamelet theory and uses presumed forms for both the dissipation rate and subgrid-scale probability density function of a conserved scalar. Inputs to the model are the chemistry rates, the Favre-filtered scalar, and its subgrid-scale variance and filtered dissipation rate. In this paper, models for the filtered dissipation rate and subgrid-scale variance are evaluated by filtering data from 512(3)-point Direct Numerical Simulations of a single-step, isothermal reaction developing in the isotropic, incompressible, decaying turbulence field of Comte-Bellot and Corrsin. Both the subgrid-scale variance and the filtered dissipation rate models (the "sub-models") are found to be reasonably accurate. The effect of the errors introduced by the sub-models on the overall model is found to be small, and the overall model is shown to accurately predict the spatial average of the filtered species concentrations over a wide range of times. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP de Bruyn Kops, SM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Mech Engn, Box 352600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Riley, James/G-1869-2012 NR 44 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6184 J9 FLOW TURBUL COMBUST JI Flow Turbul. Combust. PY 1998 VL 60 IS 1 BP 105 EP 122 DI 10.1023/A:1009986317078 PG 18 WC Thermodynamics; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Mechanics GA 179VV UT WOS:000079351300005 ER PT B AU Halow, JS Boyle, EJ Daw, CS Finney, CEA AF Halow, JS Boyle, EJ Daw, CS Finney, CEA BE Fan, LS Knowlton, TM TI PC-based, near-real-time, 3-dimensional simulation of fluidized beds SO FLUIDIZATION IX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Engineering Foundation Conference on Fluidization CY MAY 17-22, 1998 CL DURANGO, CO SP Engn Fdn AB We describe a PC-based computer model which simulates the 3-dimensional dynamic behavior of multiple interacting bubbles in bubbling and slugging fluidized beds. We show that this model can predict important performance-related features such as bubble diameter, slug length, bubble coalescence rate, and global circulation patterns. A useful characteristic of this model is that it can be used to simulate bed behavior in near-real time. C1 Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Halow, JS (reprint author), Fed Energy Technol Ctr, POB 880, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNITED ENGINEERING FOUNDATION PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, 27TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5902 USA BN 0-939204-56-8 PY 1998 BP 541 EP 548 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BP50H UT WOS:000085340600066 ER PT J AU Sorenson, JM Head-Gordon, T AF Sorenson, JM Head-Gordon, T TI The importance of hydration for the kinetics and thermodynamics of protein folding: simplified lattice models SO FOLDING & DESIGN LA English DT Article DE hydration; hydrophobic interaction; lattice models; protein folding; two-state kinetics ID QUASI-CHEMICAL APPROXIMATION; ENERGY LANDSCAPE; HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTIONS; RANDOM COPOLYMERS; POTENTIALS; SIMULATIONS; HETEROPOLYMERS; PATHWAYS; DYNAMICS; FUNNELS AB Background: Recent studies have proposed various sources for the origin of cooperativity in simplified protein folding models. Important contributions to cooperativity that have been discussed include backbone hydrogen bonding, sidechain packing and hydrophobic interactions. Related work has also focused on which interactions are responsible for making the free energy of the native structure a pronounced global minimum in the free energy landscape. In addition, two-flavor bead models have been found to exhibit poor folding cooperativity and often lack unique native structures. We propose a simple multibody description of hydration with expectations that it might modify the free energy surface in such a way as to increase the cooperativity of folding and improve the performance of two-flavor models. Results: We study the thermodynamics and kinetics of folding for designed 36-mer sequences on a cubic lattice using both our solvation model and the corresponding model without solvation terms. Degeneracies of the native states are studied by enumerating the maximally compact states. The histogram Monte Carlo method is used to obtain folding temperatures, densities of states and heat capacity curves. Folding kinetics are examined by accumulating mean first-passage times versus temperature. Sequences in the proposed solvation model are found to have more unique ground states, fold faster and fold with more cooperativity than sequences in the nonsolvation model. Conclusions: We find that the addition of a multibody description of solvation can improve the poor performance of two-flavor lattice models and provide an additional source for more cooperative folding. Our results suggest that a better description of solvation will be important for future theoretical protein folding studies. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Head-Gordon, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Phys Biosci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM TLHead-Gordon@lbl.gov RI Head-Gordon, Teresa/E-5818-2011 NR 79 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1359-0278 J9 FOLD DES JI Fold. Des. PY 1998 VL 3 IS 6 BP 523 EP 534 DI 10.1016/S1359-0278(98)00068-6 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 157CK UT WOS:000078041700013 PM 9889163 ER PT J AU Pasin, G Smith, GM O'Mahony, M AF Pasin, G Smith, GM O'Mahony, M TI Rapid determination of total cholesterol in egg yolk using commercial diagnostic cholesterol reagent SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID METHODOLOGIES; FOODS AB A rapid and accurate method for cholesterol determination using a commercial diagnostic cholesterol reagent ('enzyme method') was developed and evaluated with four different yolk preparations. The cholesterol content of The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material in whole egg powder, fresh, frozen, and dried egg yolk was determined using gas chromatography and the enzyme method. All samples were subjected to direct saponification and solubilization prior to analysis. No treatment was applied to control samples, which were analyzed by the enzyme method. Solubilization of samples was performed at 0.85, 2 and 5% (w/v) NaCl concentrations. Solubilization measured in terms of cholesterol value was best at 2 and 5% NaCl levels. For egg powder standard and fresh or frozen egg, the cholesterol values obtained by the enzyme method from saponified or solubilized samples were not significantly different from values obtained by gas chromatography. For solubilized dried egg yolk the enzyme method gave results indistinguishable from chromatography for saponified yolk. However, the results obtained by the enzyme method and gas chromatography from saponified dried egg yolk were significantly different. The simple and rapid procedure developed for sample preparation (solubilization) eliminates the need for saponification prior to cholesterol determination using the enzyme method, and provides an alternative to an expensive and time-consuming gas chromatographic method. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. RP Pasin, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Food Sci & Technol, Livermore, CA 95616 USA. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 61 IS 1-2 BP 255 EP 259 DI 10.1016/S0308-8146(97)00072-1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA ZF316 UT WOS:000072885300040 ER PT J AU Hughes, RJ James, DFV Gomez, JJ Gulley, MS Holzscheiter, MH Kwiat, PG Lamoreaux, SK Peterson, CG Sandberg, VD Schauer, MM Simmons, CM Thorburn, CE Tupa, D Wang, PZ White, AG AF Hughes, RJ James, DFV Gomez, JJ Gulley, MS Holzscheiter, MH Kwiat, PG Lamoreaux, SK Peterson, CG Sandberg, VD Schauer, MM Simmons, CM Thorburn, CE Tupa, D Wang, PZ White, AG TI The Los Alamos trapped ion quantum computer experiment SO FORTSCHRITTE DER PHYSIK-PROGRESS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ZERO-POINT ENERGY; LOGIC GATE; COMPUTATION; DECOHERENCE; UNIVERSAL; CRYSTALS; BOUNDS AB The development and theory of an experiment to investigate quantum computation with trapped calcium ions is described. The ion trap, laser and ion requirements are determined, and the parameters required for quantum logic operations as well as simple quantum factoring are described. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P23, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P25, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Theoret Div T4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Hughes, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P23, Mail Stop H-803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM hughes@lanl.gov RI James, Daniel/B-9805-2009; White, Andrew/A-1088-2009 OI James, Daniel/0000-0003-3981-4602; White, Andrew/0000-0001-9639-5200 NR 71 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0015-8208 J9 FORTSCHR PHYS JI Fortschritte Phys.-Prog. Phys. PY 1998 VL 46 IS 4-5 BP 329 EP 361 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3978(199806)46:4/5<329::AID-PROP329>3.0.CO;2-X PG 33 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZV450 UT WOS:000074305800002 ER PT J AU Benioff, P AF Benioff, P TI Models of quantum Turing machines SO FORTSCHRITTE DER PHYSIK-PROGRESS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID KRONIG-PENNEY MODELS; COMPUTATION; MECHANICS; INFORMATION; SEQUENCES AB Quantum Turing machines are discussed and reviewed in this paper. Most of the paper is concerned with processes defined by a step operator T that is used to construct a Hamiltonian H according to Feynman's prescription. Differences between these models and the models of Deutsch are discussed and reviewed. It is emphasized that the models with H constructed from T include fully quantum mechanical processes that take computation basis states into linear superpositions of these states. The requirement that T be distinct path generating is reviewed. The advantage of this requirement is that Schrodinger evolution under H is one dimensional along distinct finite or infinite paths of nonoverlapping states in some basis B-T It is emphasized that B(T)can be arbitrarily complex with extreme entanglements between states of component systems. The new aspect of quantum Turing machines introduced here is the emphasis on the structure of graphs obtained when the states in the B(T )paths are expanded as linear superpositions of states in a reference basis such as the computation basis B-C Examples are discussed that illustrate the main points of the paper. For one example the graph structures of the paths in B-T expanded as states in B(C)include finite stage binary trees and concatenated finite stage binary trees with or without terminal infinite binary trees. Other examples are discussed in which the graph structures correspond to interferometers and iterations of interferometers. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Benioff, P (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0015-8208 J9 FORTSCHR PHYS JI Fortschritte Phys.-Prog. Phys. PY 1998 VL 46 IS 4-5 BP 423 EP 441 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3978(199806)46:4/5<423::AID-PROP423>3.0.CO;2-G PG 19 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA ZV450 UT WOS:000074305800007 ER PT J AU Hughes, RJ James, DFV AF Hughes, RJ James, DFV TI Prospects for quantum computation with trapped ions SO FORTSCHRITTE DER PHYSIK-PROGRESS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fundamental Problems in Quantum Theory Workshop CY AUG 04-07, 1997 CL UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY, BALTIMORE, MD HO UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY ID MECHANICAL COMPUTERS; BOUNDS AB A brief survey of the requirements for quantum computational hardware, and an overview of the ion trap quantum computation project at Los Alamos are presented. The physical limitations to quantum computation with trapped ions are discussed. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hughes, RJ (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI James, Daniel/B-9805-2009 OI James, Daniel/0000-0003-3981-4602 NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0015-8208 EI 1521-3978 J9 FORTSCHR PHYS JI Fortschritte Phys.-Prog. Phys. PY 1998 VL 46 IS 6-8 BP 759 EP 769 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3978(199811)46:6/8<759::AID-PROP759>3.0.CO;2-E PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 140YW UT WOS:000077116700017 ER PT J AU Zalka, C AF Zalka, C TI Efficient simulation of quantum systems by quantum computers SO FORTSCHRITTE DER PHYSIK-PROGRESS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fundamental Problems in Quantum Theory Workshop CY AUG 04-07, 1997 CL UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND HO UNIV MARYLAND BALTIMORE CTY AB We show that the time evolution of the wave function of a quantum mechanical many particle system can be implemented very efficiently on a quantum computer. The computational cost of such a simulation is comparable to the cost of a conventional simulation of the corresponding classical system. Ultimately the simulation of quantum field theory might be possible on large quantum computers. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zalka, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0015-8208 J9 FORTSCHR PHYS JI Fortschritte Phys.-Prog. Phys. PY 1998 VL 46 IS 6-8 BP 877 EP 879 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3978(199811)46:6/8<877::AID-PROP877>3.0.CO;2-A PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 140YW UT WOS:000077116700031 ER PT S AU Frei, H AF Frei, H BE deHaseth, JA TI Nanosecond step-scan FT-infrared absorption spectroscopy in photochemistry and catalysis SO FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (ICOFTS 11) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL ATHENS, GA AB Time-resolved step-scan FT-IR absorption spectroscopy has been expanded to a resolution of 20 nanosecond. Following a description of the experimental set-up, applications in four research areas are presented. In the first project, we discuss a reversible isomerization, namely the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle. Main results are the discovery of 2 processes with distinct kinetics on the nanosecond rime scale nor detected by previous spectroscopic techniques, and observation of an instantaneous response of the protein environment to chromophore dynamics within the nanosecond laser pulse duration. In a second project, alkane C-H bond activation by a transition metal complex in room temperature solution is investigated and the first measurement of the formation of a C-H insertion product reported (alkyl hydride). Then, a nanosecond study of a pericyclic reaction, the ring-opening of cyclohexadiene, is discussed. The fourth example describes the first observation of a transient molecule in a zeolite matrix, a tripler excited quinone, by lime-resolved infrared spectroscopy. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Chem Biodynam Lab, MS Calvin Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Frei, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Chem Biodynam Lab, MS Calvin Lab, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-746-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 430 BP 28 EP 39 DI 10.1063/1.55782 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy GA BL29A UT WOS:000075012400004 ER PT S AU Bennett, CL AF Bennett, CL BE deHaseth, JA TI LIFTIRS, the livermore imaging FTIR spectrometer SO FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (ICOFTS 11) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL ATHENS, GA AB The imaging FTIR spectrometer was invented 25 years ago. Only recently, however, with the development of infrared focal plane array technology and high speed microprocessors, has the imaging FTIR spectrometer become a practical instrument. Among the class of imaging spectrometer instruments, the imaging Fourier transform spectrometer enjoys a great advantage in terms of calibratibility, sensitivity, broad band coverage and resolution flexibility. Recent experience with the LIFTIRS instrument is summarized. As a concrete example of the acquisition, calibration, and comprehension of the data from an imaging Fourier transform spectrometer, the case history of a geological sample is discussed in great detail. In particular, the importance of principle component analysis to imaging spectroscopy is especially emphasized. It is shown how the various spatial/spectral constituents within a sample can be detected, located, identified and quantified. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bennett, CL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-43, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-746-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 430 BP 170 EP 186 DI 10.1063/1.55801 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy GA BL29A UT WOS:000075012400014 ER PT S AU Haaland, DM Jones, HDT AF Haaland, DM Jones, HDT BE deHaseth, JA TI Weighted partial least squares method to improve calibration precision for spectroscopic noise-limited data SO FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (ICOFTS 11) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL ATHENS, GA AB Multivariate calibration methods have been applied extensively to the quantitative analysis of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectral data. Partial least squares (PLS) methods have become the most widely used multivariate method for quantitative spectroscopic analyses. Most often these methods are limited by model error or the accuracy or precision of the reference methods. However, in some cases, the precision of the quantitative analysis is limited by the noise in the spectroscopic signal. In these situations, the precision of the PLS calibrations and predictions can be improved by the incorporation of weighting in the PLS algorithm. If the spectral noise of the system is known (e.g., in the case of detector-noise-limited cases), then appropriate weighting can be incorporated into the multivariate spectral calibrations and predictions. A weighted PLS (WPLS) algorithm was developed to improve the precision of the analyses in the case of spectral-noise-limited data. This new PLS algorithm was then tested with real and simulated data, and the results compared with the unweighted PLS algorithm. Using near-infrared (NIR) spectra obtained from a series of dilute aqueous solutions, the simulated data produced calibrations that demonstrate improved calibration precision when the WPLS algorithm was applied. The best WPLS method improved prediction precision for the analysis of one of the minor components by a factor of nearly 9 relative to the unweighted PLS algorithm. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Haaland, DM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-746-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 430 BP 253 EP 256 DI 10.1063/1.55814 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy GA BL29A UT WOS:000075012400027 ER PT S AU Bajic, SJ Jones, RW McClelland, JF Hames, BR Meglen, RR AF Bajic, SJ Jones, RW McClelland, JF Hames, BR Meglen, RR BE deHaseth, JA TI Rapid analysis of wood using transient infrared spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectroscopy with PLS regression SO FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (ICOFTS 11) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL ATHENS, GA AB In the forest products industry, improved methods are needed for rapid analysis of wood and paper products. Currently, the best methods for determining chemical and physical properties of wood-based materials require considerable sample preparation and analysis time. Consequently, quantitative information is often not obtained on a time scale suitable for process monitoring, control, and quality assurance. The primary barriers to practical utilization of conventional infrared methods are the opaqueness and poor reflection properties of the wood-based materials. This paper demonstrates how photoacoustic and transient infrared spectroscopies have been combined with chemometric techniques to overcome the Limitations of conventional infrared spectroscopies and to permit rapid chemical and physical characterization of wood chips. Bath photoacoustic and transient infrared spectroscopic methods are examined as rapid at-and on-line techniques for feedstock identification and chemical composition analysis prior to processing. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Bajic, SJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-746-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 430 BP 466 EP 469 DI 10.1063/1.55710 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy GA BL29A UT WOS:000075012400085 ER PT S AU Parks, JE Blair, DS Powell, GL AF Parks, JE Blair, DS Powell, GL BE deHaseth, JA TI Diffuse reflectance mid-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy of cellulose-based materials SO FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (ICOFTS 11) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL ATHENS, GA AB Diffuse Reflectance mid-Infrared Fourier Transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy has been applied to the analysis of cellulose-based materials including wood, paper, and paper products. High-quality DRIFT spectra representing 1 mm spatial resolution on the substrate were obtained from different locations on the sample using a mechanical positioning technique. The analysis of the spectra results in spectral images showing the spatial variation in the chemistry of the sample. Chemical variations in cellulose-based samples have been observed due to variations in ink content, coating thickness, and concentration of phenyl and carbonyl groups associated with lignin. C1 Oak Ridge Ctr Mfg Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Parks, JE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Ctr Mfg Technol, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-746-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 430 BP 498 EP 501 DI 10.1063/1.55716 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy GA BL29A UT WOS:000075012400093 ER PT S AU Powell, GL Hallman, RL Cox, RL AF Powell, GL Hallman, RL Cox, RL BE deHaseth, JA TI Diffuse reflectance FTIR of stains on grit blasted metals SO FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (ICOFTS 11) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL ATHENS, GA AB Diffuse reflectance mid-infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy has been applied to the detection of oil contamination on grit-blasted metals. The object of this application is to detect and discriminate between silicons and hydrocarbon oil contamination at levels approaching 10 mg m(-2). A portable FTIR spectrometer with dedicated diffuse reflectance optics was developed for this purpose. Using translation devices positioned by instructions from the spectrometer operating system, images of macroscopic substrates were produced with millimeter spatial resolution. The pixels that comprise an image are each a full mid-infrared spectrum with excellent signal-to-noise, each determined as individual files and uniquely saved to disc. Reduced spectra amplitudes, based on peak height, area, or other chemometric techniques, mapped as a function of the spatial coordinates of the pixel are used to display the image. This paper demonstrates the application of the technique to the analysis of stains on grit-blasted metals, including the calibration of the method, the inspection of substrates, and the migration of oil contamination. C1 Oak Ridge Ctr Mfg Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Powell, GL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Ctr Mfg Technol, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-746-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 430 BP 502 EP 505 DI 10.1063/1.55717 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy GA BL29A UT WOS:000075012400094 ER PT S AU Powell, GL Cox, RL Allison, SW AF Powell, GL Cox, RL Allison, SW BE deHaseth, JA TI Measurement of the mid-infrared emission spectrum of diamond SO FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (ICOFTS 11) CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL ATHENS, GA AB A method for measuring the emission spectra of diamond wafers, typically 0.1 to 1 mm thick, is described. The method uses a 40 W continuous CO laser (1800 cm(-1) to 1900 cm(-1)) to heat the diamond to similar to 500 degrees C suspended in an evacuable cell in an emission collection accessory to a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIRS). A shutter protects the FTIRS from the intense laser light during the heating process and opens immediately after the laser is turned off to measure the emission as the specimen cools. The spectra are referenced to a "black body" source that uses the same evacuable cell window. Data from synthetic and natural diamonds are reported. C1 Oak Ridge Ctr Mfg Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Powell, GL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Ctr Mfg Technol, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-746-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 430 BP 526 EP 528 DI 10.1063/1.55720 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation; Polymer Science; Spectroscopy GA BL29A UT WOS:000075012400101 ER PT B AU Preece, DS Chung, SH Tidman, JP AF Preece, DS Chung, SH Tidman, JP GP ISEE TI An assessment of ore waste and dilution resulting from buffer/choke blasting in surface gold mines SO FOURTEENTH ANNUAL SYMPOSIUM ON EXPLOSIVES AND BLASTING RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Symposium on Explosives and Blasting Research CY FEB 08-11, 1998 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA AB A discrete element computer program named DMC_BLAST (Distinct Motion Code) has been under development since 1987 for modeling rock blasting (Preece & Taylor, 1989). This program employs explicit time integration and uses spherical or cylindrical elements that are represented as circles in two dimensions (2-D). DMC_BLAST calculations compare favorably with data from actual bench blasts (Preece et al, 1993). Buffer/Choke blasting is commonly used in surface gold mines to break the rock and dilate it sufficiently for ease of digging, with the assumption of insignificant horizontal movement. The blast designs usually call for relatively shallow holes/benches (< 11 m) with small blastholes (similar to 165 mm), small burdens and spacings (< 5 m), often with 50% or more of the hole stemmed. Control of blast-induced horizontal movement is desired because the ore is assayed in place from the blasthole drill cuttings and digging polygons of ore and waste are laid out before the blast. Horizontal movement at the ore/waste boundary can result in dilution of the ore or loss of ore with the waste. The discrete element computer program DMC_BLAST has been employed to study spatial variation of horizontal rock motion during buffer/choke blasting. Patterns of rock motion can be recognized from the discrete element simulations that would be difficult or impossible to recognize in the field (Preece, Tidman and Chung, 1997). Techniques have been developed to calculate ore waste and dilution from the horizontal movement predicted by DMC_BLAST. Four DMC_BLAST simulations of buffer blasting have been performed. The blasts are identical except that the burden and spacing are systematically varied which also changes the powder factor. Predictions of ore waste or dilution are made for each burden in the blast, assuming no horizontal movement, to illustrate the spatial variation observed. A simple correction is applied wherein the average horizontal movement of each burden is factored into the computation of ore waste or dilution. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Preece, DS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT SOC EXPLOSIVES ENGINEERS PI CLEVELAND PA 29100 AURORA ROAD, CLEVELAND, OH 44139-1800 USA PY 1998 BP 137 EP 146 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mining & Mineral Processing GA BK66E UT WOS:000072988700014 ER PT S AU Cong, G Parvin, B AF Cong, G Parvin, B BE Jain, AK Venkatesh, S Lovell, BC TI Shape from interference patterns SO FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition CY AUG 16-20, 1998 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, Australian Pattern Recognit Soc AB A unique imaging modality based on Equal Thickness Contours (ETC) has introduced a new opportunity for 3D shape reconstruction from multiple views. These ETCs are generated as a result of interference between transmitted and diffracted beams. We present a computational framework for representing each view of an object in terms of its object thickness, and then integrating these representations into a. SD surface by algebraic reconstruction. In this framework, the object thickness is first derived from ideal contours and then extended to real data. For real data, the object thickness is inferred by grouping curve segments that correspond to points of second derivative maxima. At each step of the process, we use some form of regularization to ensure closeness to the original features, as well as neighborhood continuity. We appl!; our approach to images of a sub-micron crystal structure obtained through a holographic process. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Informat & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cong, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Informat & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1051-4651 BN 0-8186-8512-3 J9 INT C PATT RECOG PY 1998 BP 420 EP 424 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BL56B UT WOS:000075882100108 ER PT S AU Cong, G Parvin, B AF Cong, G Parvin, B BE Jain, AK Venkatesh, S Lovell, BC TI Curve evolution for corner enhancement SO FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition CY AUG 16-20, 1998 CL BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Assoc Pattern Recognit, Australian Pattern Recognit Soc AB A curve evolution approach is proposed for corner enhancement. The constraint is that new corner should not be generated. Started from the General Geometric Heat Flow(GGHF), we study under what conditions the GGBF satisfies the scale space Causality Criteria, The criteria of corner enhancement are also proposed. Then, a new curve evolution scheme which can enhance strong corner, suppress noise and satisfies the scale space criteria is presented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Informat & Comp Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cong, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Informat & Comp Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1051-4651 BN 0-8186-8512-3 J9 INT C PATT RECOG PY 1998 BP 708 EP 710 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BL56B UT WOS:000075882100178 ER PT B AU Berg, RS Winter V AF Berg, RS Winter, V GP IEEE IEEE TI Risk assessment and integrity in system design SO FOURTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING OF COMPLEX COMPUTER SYSTEMS - PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Engineering Complex Computer Systems-ICECCS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems (ICECCS 98) CY AUG 10-14, 1998 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE, Comp Soc, Tech Comm Complex Comp AB All systems, regardless of how carefully they have been constructed, suffer failures. This paper focuses on developing a formal understanding of failure with respect to system implementations. Furthermore, we would like the system design process to be able to leverage off of this understanding. It is important to deal with failures in a system context, rather than a priori limiting the solution to a particular technology, such as software alone. Our approach is limited to the class of systems that can be modeled by hybrid finite state machines (HFSMs) as described in Winter [I]. The purpose of this paper is to lay out a process, or framework, that can aid in identification and characterization of techniques for dealing with the different types of system threats. This framework leads naturally to a taxonomy of technologies and strategies for dealing with the various types of threats. In this process technologies are used to identify a priority list of technical capabilities for dealing with threats. The technologies are prioritized according to their analyzability and predictability. Strategies are then used to identify specific implementations that are best suited to dealing with the threat. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Berg, RS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM rsberg@sandia.gov; vlwinte@sandia.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8597-2 J9 IEEE INT C ENG COMP PY 1998 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1109/ICECCS.1998.706661 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BL59Y UT WOS:000075973600011 ER PT B AU Krumm, J Kirk, G AF Krumm, J Kirk, G GP IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC TI Video occupant detection for airbag deployment SO FOURTH IEEE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER VISION - WACV'98, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV 98) CY OCT 19-21, 1998 CL PRINCETON, NJ SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence AB When an airbag deploys on a rear-facing infant seat, it can injure or kill the infant. When an airbag deploys on an empty seat, the airbag and the money to replace it are wasted. We have shown that video images can be used to determine whether or not to deploy the passenger-side airbag in a crash. Images of the passenger seat, taken from a video camera mounted inside the vehicle, can be used to classify the seat as either empty, containing a rear-facing infant seat, or occupied. Our first experiment used a single, monochrome video camera. The system was automatically trained on a series of test images. Using a principle components (eigenimages) nearest neighbor classifier, it achieved a correct classification rate of 99.5% on a test of 910 images. Our second experiment used a pair of monochrome video cameras to compute stereo disparity (a function of 3D range) instead of intensity images. Using a similar algorithm, the second approach achieved a correct classification rate of 95.1% on a test of 890 images. The stereo technique has the advantage of being less sensitive to illumination, and would likely work best in a real system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Syst & Robot Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Krumm, J (reprint author), Microsoft Corp, 1 Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8606-5 PY 1998 BP 30 EP 35 DI 10.1109/ACV.1998.732854 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BM17J UT WOS:000077905500005 ER PT B AU Gong, G Parvin, B AF Gong, G Parvin, B GP IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC TI Surface reconstruction from sparse fringe contours SO FOURTH IEEE WORKSHOP ON APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER VISION - WACV'98, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV 98) CY OCT 19-21, 1998 CL PRINCETON, NJ SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence AB A new approach for reconstruction of 3D surfaces from 2D cross-sectional contours is presented. By using the so-called "Equal Importance Criterion," we reconstruct the surface based on the assumption that every point in the region contributes equally to the surface reconstruction process. In this context, the problem is formulated in terms of a partial differential equation (PDE), and we show that the solution for dense contours can be efficiently derived from distance transform. In the case of sparse contours, we add a regularization term to insure smoothness in surface recovery. The proposed technique allows for surface recovery at any desired resolution. The main advantage of the proposed method is that inherent problems due to correspondence, tiling, and branching are avoided. Furthermore, the computed high resolution surface is better represented for subsequent geometric analysis. We present results on both synthetic and real data. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Informat & Comp Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Gong, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Informat & Comp Sci Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-8606-5 PY 1998 BP 140 EP 145 DI 10.1109/ACV.1998.732871 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BM17J UT WOS:000077905500022 ER PT S AU Everett, MJ Colston, BW DaSilva, LB Otis, LL AF Everett, MJ Colston, BW DaSilva, LB Otis, LL BE Jung, CC Udd, E TI Fiber optic based optical coherence tomography (OCT) for dental applications SO FOURTH PACIFIC NORTHWEST FIBER OPTIC SENSOR WORKSHOP SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Northwest Fiber Optic Sensor Workshop CY MAY 06-07, 1998 CL TROUTDALE, OR SP Blue Road Res, SPIE AB We have developed a hand-held fiber optic based optical coherence tomography (OCT) system for scanning of the oral cavity. We have produced, using this scanning device, in vivo cross-sectional images of hard and soft dental tissues in human volunteers. Clinically relevant anatomical structures, including the gingival margin, periodontal sulcus, and dento-enamel junction, were visible in all the images. The cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar bone were identifiable in approximately two thirds of the images. These images represent, to our knowledge, the first in vivo OCT images of human dental tissue. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Everett, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2948-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3489 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1117/12.323431 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL85X UT WOS:000076962400007 ER PT S AU Anheier, NC Bliss, M Craig, RA AF Anheier, NC Bliss, M Craig, RA BE Jung, CC Udd, E TI Fiber optic grating demodulation using a Fourier-transform spectrometer SO FOURTH PACIFIC NORTHWEST FIBER OPTIC SENSOR WORKSHOP SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Pacific Northwest Fiber Optic Sensor Workshop CY MAY 06-07, 1998 CL TROUTDALE, OR SP Blue Road Res, SPIE AB Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is developing a fiber optic grating sensor demodulator using a low cost static Fourier-transform interferometer. The spectrometer uses a fiber optic source and a plane mirror to form an interferogram in the spatial domain that is recorded by a linear photodiode array detector. Using this instrument with an interferogram fringe spacing of 20 microns provides fiber grating strain resolution of about 700-microstrain. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Anheier, NC (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Bliss, Mary/G-2240-2012 OI Bliss, Mary/0000-0002-7565-4813 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2948-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3489 BP 88 EP 92 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL85X UT WOS:000076962400012 ER PT S AU Fang, HE Chow, CL Yang, F AF Fang, HE Chow, CL Yang, F BE Tong, P Zhang, TY Kim, JK TI A method of damage mechanics analysis for solder material SO FRACTURE AND STRENGTH OF SOLIDS, PTS 1 AND 2: PT 1: FRACTURE MECHANICS OF MATERIALS; PT 2: BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURE SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fracture and Strength of Solids CY DEC 08-10, 1997 CL HONG KONG, HONG KONG SP Far E & Ocean Fracture Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Hong Kong Chapter, Hong Kong Inst Engineers, China Light & Power Co Ltd, Hong Kong Soc Theoret & Appl Mech, US Natl Sci Fdn, USA Res Off, Far E, Beijing Hong Kong Acad Exchange Ctr DE damage mechanics; solder joints; eutectic Sn-Pb materials ID ANISOTROPIC THEORY; DUCTILE FRACTURE AB This paper presents a method of damage mechanics analysis for solder joint material stressed to extensive plastic deformation. The material chosen for the current work is the 60Sn-40Pb eutectic alloy due to its wide use. The analysis is based on the thermodynamic theory of irreversible processes. With the introduction of a set of internal state variables, known as damage variables, and a damage effect tensor, a damage dissipative potential function is proposed to enable the formulation of the constitutive equations of elasticity and plasticity coupled with damage. The equations of damage evolution are also derived to monitor damage initiation and growth. Before a damage analysis can be performed with a finite element analysis, the mechanical properties of the chosen solder joint material and its damage variables must first be determined. A method of experimental analysis was developed and used to successfully measure the highly strain sensitive 60Sn-40Pb solder material. The measured properties are presented and various characteristics of the solder material are examined and discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Phys & Mech Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Dearborn, MI 48128 USA. RP Fang, HE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat Phys & Mech Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-780-3 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 1998 VL 145-9 BP 367 EP 374 PN 1&2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BK10A UT WOS:000071189200054 ER PT S AU Huang, Y Liu, C Stout, MG Hwang, KC AF Huang, Y Liu, C Stout, MG Hwang, KC BE Tong, P Zhang, TY Kim, JK TI The effect of interface damage on the microbuckling of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites SO FRACTURE AND STRENGTH OF SOLIDS, PTS 1 AND 2: PT 1: FRACTURE MECHANICS OF MATERIALS; PT 2: BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS AND STRUCTURE SE KEY ENGINEERING MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Fracture and Strength of Solids CY DEC 08-10, 1997 CL HONG KONG, HONG KONG SP Far E & Ocean Fracture Soc, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Hong Kong Chapter, Hong Kong Inst Engineers, China Light & Power Co Ltd, Hong Kong Soc Theoret & Appl Mech, US Natl Sci Fdn, USA Res Off, Far E, Beijing Hong Kong Acad Exchange Ctr DE microbuckling; fiber-reinforced composites; interfacial damage ID ORTHOTROPIC MATERIALS AB Fiber microbuckling is the primary failure mechanism in unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites under compression. Due to processing or service conditions, damage (e.g., microcracks) exists at fiber/matrix interfaces. The effect of damage on the microbuckling of fibers is investigated in the present study. Based on the micromechanics analysis, the damage at interfaces is modeled as a linear spring against interface sliding, and the spring constant depends on the damage level. It is established that the critical strain for fiber microbuckling is relatively insensitive to the interface damage, but increases rapidly with the fiber volume fraction. C1 Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RI HWANG, Keh-Chih/A-9989-2014; Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 0-87849-780-3 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 1998 VL 145-9 BP 473 EP 478 PN 1&2 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BK10A UT WOS:000071189200069 ER PT J AU Sen, CK Roy, S Kobuchi, H Packer, L AF Sen, CK Roy, S Kobuchi, H Packer, L TI Antioxidant regulation of ICAM-1 expression SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Biol Technol Sect, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sen, Chandan/A-8762-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1998 VL 25 SU 1 MA 132 BP S52 EP S52 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 139VP UT WOS:000077051400151 ER PT J AU Sen, CK Tirosh, O Roy, S Packer, L AF Sen, CK Tirosh, O Roy, S Packer, L TI A positively charged alpha-lipoic acid analogue with increased cellular uptake and biological activity SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Energy & Environm, Biol Technol Sect, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Sen, Chandan/A-8762-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1998 VL 25 SU 1 MA 89 BP S38 EP S38 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 139VP UT WOS:000077051400109 ER PT J AU Shigenaga, MK Girault, I Karu, AE Barcellos-Hoff, MH Ames, BN AF Shigenaga, MK Girault, I Karu, AE Barcellos-Hoff, MH Ames, BN TI A monoclonal antibody for 3-nitrotyrosine: Protein nitration is elevated in liver nonparenchymal cells SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Biochem & Mol Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Immunochem Facil, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1998 VL 25 SU 1 MA 187 BP S67 EP S67 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 139VP UT WOS:000077051400207 ER PT S AU Kothe, DB AF Kothe, DB BE Kuhlmann, HC Rath, HJ TI Perspective on Eulerian finite volume methods for incompressible interfacial flows SO FREE SURFACE FLOWS SE CISM Courses and Lectures LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free Surface Flows CY SEP 01-05, 1997 CL INT CTR MECH SCI, UDINE, ITALY SP Int Ctr Mech Sci HO INT CTR MECH SCI ID NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS; 2ND-ORDER PROJECTION METHOD; FREE-BOUNDARY PROBLEMS; FREE-SURFACE FLOWS; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; FRONT-TRACKING METHOD; LIQUID-LIQUID JETS; PHASE FIELD MODEL; CONSERVATION-LAWS; FLUID-FLOW AB Incompressible interfacial flows here refer to those incompressible flows possessing multiple distinct, immiscible fluids separated by interfaces of arbitrarily complex topology. A prototypical example is free surface flows, where fluid properties across the interface vary ty orders of magnitude. Interfaces present in these flows possess topologies that are not only irregular but also dynamic, undergoing gross changes such as merging, tearing, and filamenting as a result of the flow and interface physics such as surface tension and phase change. The interface topology requirements facing an algorithm tasked to model these flows inevitably leads to an underlying Eulerian methodology. The discussion herein is confined therefore to Eulerian schemes, with further emphasis on finite volume methods of discretization for the partial differential equations manifesting the physical model. Numerous algorithm choices confront users and developers of simulation tools designed to model the time-unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations in the presence of interfaces. It remains difficult to select or devise algorithms whose shortcomings are not manifested while modeling the problem at hand. In the following, many algorithms are reviewed briefly and commented on, but special attention is paid to projection methods for the incompressible NS equations, volume tracking methods for interface kinematics, and immersed interface methods for interface dynamics such as surface tension. At present, the quest for improved interfacial flow algorithms continues and the future looks very promising. This perspective will hopefully provide "field guidance" useful in devising algorithms whose weaknesses are not magnified when applied to your problem. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kothe, DB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 211 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0254-1971 BN 3-211-83140-1 J9 CISM COURSES LECT PY 1998 VL 391 BP 267 EP 331 PG 65 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BP77F UT WOS:000086116800006 ER PT B AU Hammel, PC Zhang, Z Midzor, M Roukes, ML Wigen, PE Childress, JR AF Hammel, PC Zhang, Z Midzor, M Roukes, ML Wigen, PE Childress, JR BE Baryakhtar, VG Wigen, PE Lesnik, NA TI The magnetic resonance force microscope - A new microscopic probe of magnetic materials SO FRONTIERS IN MAGNETISM OF REDUCED DIMENSION SYSTEMS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTE SERIES, SUB-SERIES 3, HIGH TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on Frontiers in Magnetism of Reduced Dimension Systems CY MAY 25-JUN 03, 1997 CL CRIMEA, UKRAINE SP NATO, Sci Council, Sci & Tech Ctr Ukraine, Natl Acad Sci, Presidium AB The magnetic resonance force microscope (MRFM) marries the techniques of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)and atomic force microscopy (AFM), to produce a three-dimensional imaging instrument with high, potentially atomic-scale, resolution. The principle of the MRFM has been successfully demonstrated in numerous experiments. By virtue of its unique capabilities, the MRFM shows promise to make important contributions in fields ranging from three-dimensional materials characterization to bio-molecular structure determination. Here we focus on its application to the characterization and study of layered magnetic materials; the ability to illuminate the properties of buried interfaces in such materials is a particularly important goal. While sensitivity and spatial resolution are currently still far from their theoretical limits, they are nonetheless comparable to or superior to that achievable in conventional MRI. Further improvement of the MRFM will involve operation at lower temperature, application of larger field gradients, introduction of advanced mechanical resonators and improved reduction of the spurious coupling when the magnet is on the resonator. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hammel, PC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Hammel, P Chris/O-4845-2014 OI Hammel, P Chris/0000-0002-4138-4798 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-5026-X J9 NATO ASI 3 HIGH TECH PY 1998 VL 49 BP 441 EP 462 PG 22 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BL68P UT WOS:000076311900023 ER PT S AU Taljat, B Zacharia, T Pharr, GM AF Taljat, B Zacharia, T Pharr, GM BE Moody, NR Gerberich, WW Burnham, N Baker, SP TI Pile-up behavior of spherical indentations in engineering materials SO FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOINDENTATION AND NANOTRIBOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat, Santa Clara, CA, Digital Instruments Inc, Santa Barbara, CA, Dow Corning Corp, Midland, Michigan, Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Nano Instruments Inc, Oak Ridge, Tennessee AB The spherical indentation process has been modeled by the finite element method to study the pile-up behavior of elastic-plastic materials with different degrees of strain hardening. A wide range of materials was examined characterized by different elastic moduli, yield stresses, and strain hardening exponents. The geometry of the contact impressions was examined in both the loaded and unloaded conditions. Results show that pile-up behavior in elastic-plastic materials cannot be related solely to the strain hardening exponent, as has often been done in the past. Relating the pile-up behavior strictly to the strain hardening exponent may lead to significant errors in the calculated contact area for materials with modulus to yield stress ratio lower than 1000. In addition, an assessment of the combined influences of material properties and stage of development of the contact impression on the pile-up behavior is described. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Taljat, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Zacharia, Thomas/0000-0001-6463-5425 NR 0 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-428-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 522 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL94J UT WOS:000077250000005 ER PT S AU Riester, L Bridge, RJ Breder, K AF Riester, L Bridge, RJ Breder, K BE Moody, NR Gerberich, WW Burnham, N Baker, SP TI Characterization of Vickers, Berkovich, spherical and cube cornered diamond indenters by nanoindentation and SFM SO FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOINDENTATION AND NANOTRIBOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat, Santa Clara, CA, Digital Instruments Inc, Santa Barbara, CA, Dow Corning Corp, Midland, Michigan, Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Nano Instruments Inc, Oak Ridge, Tennessee AB Indentation at the nanometer scale using a Berkovich indenter is a widely used technique for measuring mechanical properties of materials. Other indenter geometries may find application in assessing elastic contact, the mechanism of fiber push-out in composites or fracture toughness. This study undertakes a comparison between the various indenter types, explores their suitability for acquiring elastic modulus, hardness and fracture toughness data, and discusses some limitations and cautions based on the data obtained with a Nanoindente(R) and a Topometrix(R) scanning force microprobe. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Riester, L (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-428-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 522 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL94J UT WOS:000077250000007 ER PT S AU Verdier, M Niewczas, M Embury, JD Hawley, M Nastasi, M Kung, H AF Verdier, M Niewczas, M Embury, JD Hawley, M Nastasi, M Kung, H BE Moody, NR Gerberich, WW Burnham, N Baker, SP TI Plastic behaviour of Cu Ni multilayers SO FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOINDENTATION AND NANOTRIBOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat, Santa Clara, CA, Digital Instruments Inc, Santa Barbara, CA, Dow Corning Corp, Midland, Michigan, Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Nano Instruments Inc, Oak Ridge, Tennessee DE plastic deformation; multilayer; nanoindentation; AFM AB In order to study the plasticity in Cu-Ni multilayers deposited on single crystals of Cu and etched Si, we have investigated the mechanical properties of the multilayers both by nanoindentation measurements, and by the transmission of well characterized dislocations from the underlying substrate by tensile deformation of Cu single crystals. Various multilayers were deposited by physical vapor deposition with layer thicknesses varying between 1000 and 20 Angstroms (for a total thickness between 0.8 and 1 mu m). Two types of experiments were designed. The first one aimed at injecting, in a controlled way, some dislocations from the substrate into the multilayers; the second type of experiment concerned the structure of the multilayer surface after having plastically pushed the material away from a nanoindenter. This communication reports the results from the nanoindentation measurements, as well as the observations of slip on the surface. We observed through the injection of dislocations by nanoindentation that the multilayers increase in strength with refinement of the layer structure but at thicknesses below 35 Angstrom exhibits a softening behaviour. Also observation of the upheaval around the nanoindent showed an evolution from slip lines to more spread plasticity with refinement of the layer structure. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Verdier, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, MS K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-428-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 522 BP 77 EP 82 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL94J UT WOS:000077250000011 ER PT S AU Kiely, JD Houston, JE AF Kiely, JD Houston, JE BE Moody, NR Gerberich, WW Burnham, N Baker, SP TI Indentation modulus and yield point of Au (111), (001), and (110) SO FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOINDENTATION AND NANOTRIBOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat, Santa Clara, CA, Digital Instruments Inc, Santa Barbara, CA, Dow Corning Corp, Midland, Michigan, Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Nano Instruments Inc, Oak Ridge, Tennessee AB Nanoscale indentation experiments were performed on Au using the Interfacial Force Microscope (IFM) in an indentation mode. The indentation modulus and yield point were measured for three orientations of the Au surface: (111), (110), and (001). The indentation modulus for the (111) surface was found to be 36% greater than for the (001) surface and only 3% higher than the (110) surface. Additionally, the yield point was found to vary between orientations, but the shear stress resolved on (111) slip planes beneath the indenter on the axis of symmetry was found to be approximately 1.8 GPa for yield points of all three orientations. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Sci Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Kiely, JD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Surface & Interface Sci Dept, MS 1413, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-428-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 522 BP 125 EP 131 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL94J UT WOS:000077250000019 ER PT S AU Shinn, ND Michalske, TA AF Shinn, ND Michalske, TA BE Moody, NR Gerberich, WW Burnham, N Baker, SP TI Origins of viscoelastic dissipation in self-assembled organic monolayers SO FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOINDENTATION AND NANOTRIBOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat, Santa Clara, CA, Digital Instruments Inc, Santa Barbara, CA, Dow Corning Corp, Midland, Michigan, Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Nano Instruments Inc, Oak Ridge, Tennessee AB Although self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are promising candidates for interfacial lubricants in micro-electromechanical systems, the relationship between the monolayer structure and its viscoelastic properties is not understood. Using Acoustic Wave Damping (AWD), we have measured the complex shear modulus of linear alkane thiol monolayers, HS(CH2)(n-1)CH3 denoted as C-n, on Au(111)-textured substrates. The AWD technique measures the elastic energy storage and dissipative loss within a SAM adsorbed onto the electrodes of a quartz crystal microbalance. For C-12, C-14 and C-18 SAMs, the storage modulus increases with alkane chain length, but the loss modulus exhibits no systematic correlation. To investigate the origins of energy dissipation, we used a new, high-sensitivity oscillator circuit to simultaneously monitor the adsorption kinetics and acoustic damping during monolayer growth from the gas phase. For both C-9 and C-12 thiols, the dissipation in the growing monolayer can be correlated with distinct two-dimensional fluid phases and the nucleation and growth of condensed-phase islands. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Shinn, ND (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-428-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 522 BP 169 EP 174 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL94J UT WOS:000077250000026 ER PT S AU Nguyen, TD Barbee, TW AF Nguyen, TD Barbee, TW BE Moody, NR Gerberich, WW Burnham, N Baker, SP TI Mechanical properties of Cu/Ta multilayers prepared by magnetron sputtering SO FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOINDENTATION AND NANOTRIBOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat, Santa Clara, CA, Digital Instruments Inc, Santa Barbara, CA, Dow Corning Corp, Midland, Michigan, Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Nano Instruments Inc, Oak Ridge, Tennessee AB The microstructure and mechanical properties of sputtered Cu/Ta multilayers were studied. Xray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy characterization indicate that bath the Ta and Cu in the 2 nm period multilayer are predominantly amorphous, while in longer period samples, the layers are crystalline, with the metastable tetragonal P-Ta observed. No observable microstructure changes upon annealing at 300 degrees C were found. An average Vickers micro-hardness value of about 5.5 GPa was measured, which increases about 5% upon annealing at 300 degrees C. Residual stress in the multilayers and its dependence on thermal annealing are reported. The relationships between microstructure and mechanical properties in the murtilayers are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Nguyen, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-428-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 522 BP 269 EP 274 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL94J UT WOS:000077250000042 ER PT S AU Moody, NR Strojny, A Medlin, D Guthrie, S Gerberich, WW AF Moody, NR Strojny, A Medlin, D Guthrie, S Gerberich, WW BE Moody, NR Gerberich, WW Burnham, N Baker, SP TI Test rate effects on the mechanical behavior of thin aluminum films SO FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOINDENTATION AND NANOTRIBOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat, Santa Clara, CA, Digital Instruments Inc, Santa Barbara, CA, Dow Corning Corp, Midland, Michigan, Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Nano Instruments Inc, Oak Ridge, Tennessee AB In this study, we employed nanoindentation testing to determine load rate and load rate change effects on the plastic response of a single crystal aluminum sample and of an 80 nm thick vapor deposited aluminum film on a sapphire substrate. The load rate tests showed that the thin film plastic properties exhibited a much stronger dependence on loading rate than the properties of the aluminum single crystal. In contrast, the load rate change data indicated a weak dependence of thin film plastic properties on loading. Scanning probe microscopy showed that the difference in behavior can be attributed primarily to pileup effects on contact area which increased with contact depth and loading rate. When contact area was corrected for increased pileup height, plastic properties were reduced to single crystal aluminum values. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moody, NR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-428-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 522 BP 281 EP 286 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL94J UT WOS:000077250000044 ER PT S AU Schneider, JA Guthrie, SE Kriese, MD Clift, WM Moody, NR AF Schneider, JA Guthrie, SE Kriese, MD Clift, WM Moody, NR BE Moody, NR Gerberich, WW Burnham, N Baker, SP TI Effect of carbon on the adhesion of aluminum films to sapphire substrates SO FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOINDENTATION AND NANOTRIBOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat, Santa Clara, CA, Digital Instruments Inc, Santa Barbara, CA, Dow Corning Corp, Midland, Michigan, Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Nano Instruments Inc, Oak Ridge, Tennessee AB The adhesion of aluminum (Al) films onto sapphire substrates in the presence of controlled contaminants is being investigated. In this study, adhesion strength is evaluated by continuous nanoindentation tests to induce delamination of the Al film from the sapphire substrate. Typically it is difficult to increase the elastic strain energy stored in the film to levels sufficient to promote indentation delaminated blistering in thin ductile films on hard substrates. One method that appears promising Is the use of highly stressed overlayers deposited over the Al. An overlayer of sputtered tantalum (Ta) was deposited on 500 nn thick Al films with and without 10 nm of sputtered carbon on the sapphire surface. With Ta overlayers, continuous nanoindentation techniques induced larger diameter delamination blisters in the specimens with carbon, than in the specimens without carbon, indicating a lower resistance to fracture or interfacial strength. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schneider, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-428-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 522 BP 347 EP 352 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL94J UT WOS:000077250000053 ER PT S AU Mikulla, RP Hammerberg, JE Lomdahl, PS Holian, BL AF Mikulla, RP Hammerberg, JE Lomdahl, PS Holian, BL BE Moody, NR Gerberich, WW Burnham, N Baker, SP TI Dislocation nucleation and dynamics at sliding interfaces SO FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOINDENTATION AND NANOTRIBOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat, Santa Clara, CA, Digital Instruments Inc, Santa Barbara, CA, Dow Corning Corp, Midland, Michigan, Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Nano Instruments Inc, Oak Ridge, Tennessee AB Using large-scale molecular-dynamics simulations in two dimensions, we have observed interesting dislocation generation and dynamics at the interface between two smooth metallic surfaces, sliding relative to one another. The early-time behavior is related to later-time nanocrystalline structure at the interface whose formation is related to velocity-weakening in the coefficient of friction. Mie discuss the differences between frictional dislocation behavior in two and three dimensions. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Mikulla, RP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Appl Theoret & Computat Phys Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-428-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 522 BP 385 EP 390 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL94J UT WOS:000077250000059 ER PT S AU Day, RD Dickerson, RM Russell, PE AF Day, RD Dickerson, RM Russell, PE BE Moody, NR Gerberich, WW Burnham, N Baker, SP TI Strain hardening of FCC metal surfaces induced by microploughing SO FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOINDENTATION AND NANOTRIBOLOGY SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Appl Mat, Santa Clara, CA, Digital Instruments Inc, Santa Barbara, CA, Dow Corning Corp, Midland, Michigan, Hysitron Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota, Nano Instruments Inc, Oak Ridge, Tennessee AB Microploughing experiments were used as a method for better understanding the ploughing mechanism in gold and iridium single crystals. The plough depths ranged from 20 nm in iridium to 1600 nm in gold. Yield stress profiles and TEM analyses indicate that both materials strain harden even when very small volumes of material are involved. Strain hardening theory, as applied to bulk material, is useful in analyzing the results. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Day, RD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-428-9 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 522 BP 421 EP 426 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BL94J UT WOS:000077250000064 ER PT B AU Rao, NSV AF Rao, NSV BE Arabnia, HR TI A fusion method that performs better than best sensor SO FUSION'98: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTISOURCE-MULTISENSOR INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Multisource-Multisensor Information Fusion (FUSION 98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis res & applicat Tech, IEEE Signal Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm, USA Night Vis & Electr Sensors Directorate, USA Res Off, USN Off Res, Zaptron Syst Inc DE sensor fusion; fusion rule estimation; empirical estimation ID EMPIRICAL RISK MINIMIZATION; NADARAYA-WATSON ESTIMATOR; NONPARAMETRIC-ESTIMATION; NETWORKS AB In a multiple sensor system, sensor Si, i = 1,2..., N, outputs Y-(i) is an element of [0, 1], according to an unknown probability distribution P-Y(i)\X, in response to input X is an element of [0, 1]. We choose a fuser, that combines the outputs of sensors, from a function class F = {f : [0, 1]N bar right arrow [0, 1]} by minimizing empirical error based on a sample. If F satisfies a simple isolation property, we show that the fuser performs at least as well as the best sensor in a probably approximately correct sense. Several well-known fusers such as linear combinations, special potential functions, and certain feedforward piecewise-linear networks satisfy the isolation property. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-02-5 PY 1998 BP 19 EP 26 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Mathematics GA BR81V UT WOS:000167662000004 ER PT B AU Wolford, JK Mullenhoff, DJ Kasimatis, DA AF Wolford, JK Mullenhoff, DJ Kasimatis, DA BE Arabnia, HR TI Identification of motion events from fusion of micropower impulse radar and other sensor data SO FUSION'98: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTISOURCE-MULTISENSOR INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Multisource-Multisensor Information Fusion (FUSION 98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis res & applicat Tech, IEEE Signal Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm, USA Night Vis & Electr Sensors Directorate, USA Res Off, USN Off Res, Zaptron Syst Inc DE micropower impulse radar; data fusion; event identification AB Micropower impulse radar (MIR) is a useful too[for detecting motion at small (<10 meter) object distances from behind opaque barriers with very low power consumption. Combining the returns from two or more sensors also gives direction and velocity information. Knowledge of other physical phenomena through passive infrared, seismic, or magnetic signatures gives still more information about the event. These techniques are well suited to classifying motion through defined pathways such as tunnels and culverts. The choice of features and classification methods affects how accurately these determinations are made. This study presents analysis of data collected infield and laboratory tests and compares algorithms used to identify the event It applies sensor fusion at the decision level and proposes an improved treatment at the feature level. Identification algorithms include both neural net and model based classifiers. Some are robust in extreme environments where only parr of the feature ensemble may be available or reliable. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wolford, JK (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-02-5 PY 1998 BP 78 EP 83 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Mathematics GA BR81V UT WOS:000167662000013 ER PT B AU Chapline, G AF Chapline, G BE Arabnia, HR TI Sentient networks SO FUSION'98: PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTISOURCE-MULTISENSOR INFORMATION FUSION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Multisource-Multisensor Information Fusion (FUSION 98) CY JUL 06-09, 1998 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Press, Comp Vis res & applicat Tech, IEEE Signal Processing Soc, US DOE, Natl Supercomp Ctr Energy & Environm, USA Night Vis & Electr Sensors Directorate, USA Res Off, USN Off Res, Zaptron Syst Inc AB The engineering problems of constructing autonomous networks of sensors and data processors that can provide alerts for dangerous situations provide a new context for debating the question whether man-made systems can emulate the cognitive capabilities of the mammalian brain. In this paper we consider the question whether a distributed network of sensors and data processors can form "perceptions" based on sensory data, Because sensory data can have exponentially many explanations, the use of a central data processor to analyze the outputs from a large ensemble of sensors will in general introduce unacceptable latencies for responding to dangerous situations. A better idea is to use a distributed "Helmholtz machine" architecture in which the sensors are connected to a network of simple processors, and the collective state of the network as a whole provides an explanation for the sensory data. In general communication within such a network will require time division multiplexing, which opens the door to the possibility that with certain refinements to the Helmholtz machine architecture it may be possible to build sensor networks that exhibit a form of artificial sentience. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Chapline, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 1-892512-02-5 PY 1998 BP 914 EP 919 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematics, Applied SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Mathematics GA BR81V UT WOS:000167662000132 ER PT J AU Cheng, ET Peng, YKM Cerbone, R Fogarty, P Galambos, JD Mogahed, EA Nelson, B Simnad, M Sviatoslavsky, I Tillack, M AF Cheng, ET Peng, YKM Cerbone, R Fogarty, P Galambos, JD Mogahed, EA Nelson, B Simnad, M Sviatoslavsky, I Tillack, M TI Study of a spherical tokamak based volumetric neutron source SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE ITER; volumetric neutron source; spherical tokamak; DEMO ID DIII-D; REACTORS; PLASMA; SUSTAINMENT; CONFINEMENT; INJECTION; BETA AB With the worldwide development of fusion power focusing on the design of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), developmental strategies for the demonstration fusion power plant (DEMO) are being: discussed. A relatively prudent strategy is to construct and operate a small deuterium-tritium fuelled volumetric neutron source (VNS) in parallel with ITER. The VNS is to provide, over a period less than 20 years, a relatively high fusion neutron fluence of 6 MW year m(-2) and wall loading of 1 MW m(-2) or more, over an accessible blanket test area of more than 10 m(2). Such a VNS would complement ITER in testing, developing, and qualifying nuclear technology components, materials, and their combinations for DEMO and future commercial power plants. The effort of this study has established the potential of the spherical tokamak as a credible VNS concept that satisfies the above requirements. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 TSI Res Inc, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. RP Cheng, ET (reprint author), TSI Res Inc, Solana Beach, CA 92075 USA. EM etcheng@cts.com NR 47 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 38 IS 3 BP 219 EP 255 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(97)00096-3 PG 37 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA YX563 UT WOS:000072053100001 ER PT J AU McWhirter, JD Crawford, ME Klein, DE Sanders, TL AF McWhirter, JD Crawford, ME Klein, DE Sanders, TL TI Model for inertialess magnetohydrodynamic flow in packed beds SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE MHD flow; porous media; fusion reactor blanket ID SPHERES AB An analytical model for magnetohydrodynamic flow in a porous medium comprised of a packed bed of uniform spheres is developed. A rectangular geometry only is considered. Two distinct cases are studied: an infinite packed bed and a finite packed bed including wall effect. The wall effect is modeled by employing a two-zone porosity model, with a higher porosity wall region inserted between the solid wall and the lower porosity core region. The effect of the conductivity of the packed bed is accounted for by analogy with Hartmann flow in a duct with an external load. A parametric analysis is performed with the completed model to assess the effects of various factors upon the model results. C1 Argonne Natl Lab W, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78735 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP McWhirter, JD (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab W, POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 33 IS 1 BP 22 EP 30 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA YU381 UT WOS:000071711400002 ER PT J AU Szpak, S Mosier-Boss, PA Boss, RD Smith, JJ AF Szpak, S Mosier-Boss, PA Boss, RD Smith, JJ TI On the behavior of the Pd/D system: Evidence for tritium production SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pd/D system; tritium production ID SEARCH AB Evidence for tritium production in the Pd/D system under cathodic polarization is presented. A comparison of the observed distribution and that calculated, based on the conservation of mass, leads to the conclusion that tritium is produced sporadically at an estimated rate of similar to 10(3) to 10(4) atom/s. The results of several runs are interpreted by employing the concept of an electrode/electrolyte interphase and the accepted kinetics of hydrogen evolution. Burstlike events followed by longer periods of inactivity yield poor reproducibility when distributions are averaged over the total time of electrolysis. C1 USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Szpak, S (reprint author), USN, Command Control & Ocean Surveillance Ctr, RDT&E Div, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 33 IS 1 BP 38 EP 51 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA YU381 UT WOS:000071711400004 ER PT J AU Haynes, LA Kelly, JP Ruzic, DN Mueller, D Kamperschroer, J AF Haynes, LA Kelly, JP Ruzic, DN Mueller, D Kamperschroer, J TI Neutral atom modeling of the TFTR first wall, pump ducts, and neutral beams SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neutral atom; TFTR; first wall ID FRACTAL GEOMETRY; TRITIUM; DEUTERIUM; PLASMAS; TOKAMAK; TRANSPORT; REACTOR AB The DEGAS neutral transport code is uses in two separate cases to simulate the neutral beam box and vessel of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR). For the neutral beam box simulation, known input parameters include the ion density at the source exit and the proportion of input gas that is converted to the high-energy atomic beam. The TO current to the torus is (1.61 +/- 0.03) x 10(20) s(-1), with the high-energy beam having a median energy above 95 keV. Corresponding results are found for the DO current. In addition, the amount of gas reaching the torus, the pressure, and the flux and energy distributions of the ions and neutrals to the walls are found. For the tritium case, it is calculated that 92.4 +/- 0.2% of the input tritium reaches the cryopanels, 6.64 +/- discussed. 0.05% reaches the torus, and 1.0 +/- 0.2% reaches the ion dump. In the second run, DEGAS was used to calculate the neutral atom flux and energy of particles incident on the walls of the vacuum vessel and the neutral pressure in the pump duct of TFTR during a typical supershot with a 50/50 mixture of deuterium-tritium. Output quantities are the current and energy to the bumper limiter and first wall. The total amount of tritium implanted in the vacuum vessel after 150 shots of 1-s duration is estimated to be 0.5 +/- 0.1 g in the bumper limiter and 0.042 +/- 0.023 g in the outer wall and pumping duct, which is well within the 5-g On-site inventory and the 2-g in-vessel inventory. The implications of these results are discussed. C1 Univ Illinois, Nucl Engn Lab 100, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. RP Haynes, LA (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Nucl Engn Lab 100, 103 S Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 USA SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 33 IS 1 BP 74 EP 83 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA YU381 UT WOS:000071711400008 ER PT B AU Beiu, V Moore, KR AF Beiu, V Moore, KR BE Ruan, D Abderrahim, A Dhondt, P Kerre, EE TI On analog implementation of discrete neural networks SO FUZZY LOGIC AND INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Technologies for Nuclear Science and Industry Workshop (FLINS 98) CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL ANTWERP, BELGIUM SP SCK, CEN, Tractebel Energy Engn, NIRAS, ONDRAF, FBFC Inr, OMRON Electr Belgium, Fund Scientif Res Flanders DE neural networks; Kolmogorov's superimpositions; threshold gate circuits; analog circuits; size; precision ID MULTILAYER FEEDFORWARD NETWORKS; KOLMOGOROV SUPERPOSITION THEOREM; NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION; UNIVERSAL APPROXIMATION; BOUNDS; COMPLEXITY; PERCEPTRONS; COMPUTATION; THRESHOLD; MAPPINGS AB The paper will show that in order to obtain minimum size neural networks (i.e., size-optimal) for implementing any Boolean function. the nonlinear activation function of the neurons has to be the identity function. We shall shortly present many results dealing with the approximation capabilities of neural networks, and detail several bounds on the size of threshold gate circuits. Based on a constructive solution for Kolmogorov's superpositions we will show that implementing Boolean functions can be done using neurons having an identity nonlinear function. It follows that size-optimal solutions can be obtained only using analog circuitry. Conclusions, and several comments on the required precision are ending the paper. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Space & Atmospher Sci NIS1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beiu, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Space & Atmospher Sci NIS1, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Beiu, Valeriu/F-7799-2015 OI Beiu, Valeriu/0000-0001-8185-956X NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3532-1 PY 1998 BP 258 EP 265 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM30K UT WOS:000078326600029 ER PT B AU Zardecki, A AF Zardecki, A BE Ruan, D Abderrahim, A Dhondt, P Kerre, EE TI Continued fractions: Yet another tool to overcome the curse of dimensionality SO FUZZY LOGIC AND INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Technologies for Nuclear Science and Industry Workshop (FLINS 98) CY SEP 14-16, 1998 CL ANTWERP, BELGIUM SP SCK, CEN, Tractebel Energy Engn, NIRAS, ONDRAF, FBFC Inr, OMRON Electr Belgium, Fund Scientif Res Flanders ID FUZZY AB We provide a rapid prediction method, in which a larger number of antecedents is accounted for than is currently considered. To this end, we encode the successive (possibly rescaled) values of a time series, as the partial quotients of a continued fraction, resulting in a number from the unit interval. The accuracy of a ruled-based system utilizing this coding is investigated to some extent. Qualitative criteria for the applicability of the algorithm are formulated. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Zardecki, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E541, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3532-1 PY 1998 BP 392 EP 399 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM30K UT WOS:000078326600045 ER PT S AU Choquette, KD Allerman, AA Hou, HQ Geib, KM Hammons, BE AF Choquette, KD Allerman, AA Hou, HQ Geib, KM Hammons, BE GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Applications and performance of VCSELs SO GAAS IC SYMPOSIUM - 20TH ANNUAL, TECHNICAL DIGEST 1998 SE TECHNICAL DIGEST - IEEE GALLIUM ARSENIDE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual IEEE Gallium Arsenide Integrated Circuit Symposium (GaAs IC) CY NOV 01-04, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; VERTICAL-CAVITY LASERS; EFFICIENCY AB The unique attributes of vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) diodes have generated research and commercial interest worldwide. The near term product applications of implanted VCSELs presently center around optical data transmission. VCSELs are considered to be light-emitting diode replacements with respect to packaging and optical coupling, but will also enable very high modulation rate and high efficiency. The use of buried oxide layers for electrical and optical confinement has produced remarkable performance advances of interest for emerging applications. Future applications will leverage high efficiency VCSELs, 2-dimensional VCSEL arrays, and integration with microelectronics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Compound Semicond Sci & Technol, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Choquette, KD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Compound Semicond Sci & Technol, POB 5800,MS0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1064-7775 BN 0-7803-5049-9 J9 TG IEEE GAL ARS PY 1998 BP 19 EP 21 DI 10.1109/GAAS.1998.722611 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BM27D UT WOS:000078239000005 ER PT S AU Baca, AG Heller, EJ Hietala, VM Casalnuovo, SC Frye, GC Klem, JF Drummond, TJ AF Baca, AG Heller, EJ Hietala, VM Casalnuovo, SC Frye, GC Klem, JF Drummond, TJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Development of a GaAs-based monolithic surface acoustic wave integrated chemical microsensor SO GAAS IC SYMPOSIUM - 20TH ANNUAL, TECHNICAL DIGEST 1998 SE TECHNICAL DIGEST - IEEE GALLIUM ARSENIDE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th Annual IEEE Gallium Arsenide Integrated Circuit Symposium (GaAs IC) CY NOV 01-04, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc AB An oscillator technology using surface acoustic wave delay lines integrated with GaAs MESFET electronics has been developed for GaAs-based integrated microsensor applications. Oscillators with frequencies of 470, 350, and 200 MHz have been designed and fabricated. These oscillators are also promising for other rf applications. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Baca, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-0603, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1064-7775 BN 0-7803-5049-9 J9 TG IEEE GAL ARS PY 1998 BP 233 EP 236 DI 10.1109/GAAS.1998.722681 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BM27D UT WOS:000078239000050 ER PT B AU Minniti, D Alves, DA Alcock, C Allsman, RA Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Freeman, KC Griest, K Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Peterson, BA Pratt, MR Quinn, PJ Rodgers, AW Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Tomaney, A Vandehei, T Welch, DL AF Minniti, D Alves, DA Alcock, C Allsman, RA Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Freeman, KC Griest, K Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Peterson, BA Pratt, MR Quinn, PJ Rodgers, AW Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Tomaney, A Vandehei, T Welch, DL CA MACHO Collaboration BE Zaritsky, D TI RR Lyrae in front of the LMC: Implications for microlensing SO GALACTIC HALOS: A UC SANTA CRUZ WORKSHOP SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Galactic Halos - a UC Santa Cruz Workshop CY AUG 11-15, 1997 CL UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ, SANTA CRUZ, CA SP Lick Observ, Natl Sci F, Astron Soc Pacific HO UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ AB The recent suggestion that the microlensing events observed towards the Large Magellanic Cloud are due to an intervening Sgr-like dwarf galaxy is examined. A search for foreground RR Lyrae in the MACHO photometry database yields 20 stars whose distance distribution is not concentrated, and follows the expected halo density profile. Cepheid and red giant branch clump stars stars in the MACHO database are consistent with membership in the LMC. Since less than or equal to 0.3% of the RR Lyrae and Cepheids are in the foreground, we conclude that the observed microlensing optical depth is not due to an intervening dwarf galaxy. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Minniti, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, MS L-413,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012 OI Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-56-2 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 136 BP 341 EP 343 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BL74E UT WOS:000076528200065 ER PT J AU Pearton, SJ Shul, RJ AF Pearton, SJ Shul, RJ TI Etching of III nitrides SO GALLIUM NITRIDE (GAN) I SE SEMICONDUCTORS AND SEMIMETALS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTOR-DEVICES; DIRECT-CURRENT PLASMA; GALLIUM NITRIDE; V-SEMICONDUCTORS; GAN; DRY; INN; ALN C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Pearton, SJ (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, MS&E Rhines Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NR 72 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET PY 1998 VL 50 BP 103 EP 126 PG 24 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BM63Z UT WOS:000079319800005 ER PT S AU Terrell, J Lee, P Klebesadel, RW Griffee, JW AF Terrell, J Lee, P Klebesadel, RW Griffee, JW BE Meegan, CA Preece, RD Koshut, TM TI Recent DMSP satellite detections of gamma-ray bursts SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 15-20, 1997 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Univ Space Res Assoc AB Gamma-ray burst detectors are aboard seven U.S. Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft, two of which are currently in use. Their 800 km altitude orbits give a field of view to 117 degrees from the zenith. A great many bursts have been detected, usually in coincidence with detections by GRO or other satellites such as PVO or Ulysses. The directions of the sources can be determined with considerable accuracy from such correlated observations, even when neither GRO nor BeppoSAX is involved. Results obtained from the most recently launched satellites (DMSP 13 and DMSP 14) are given in this paper. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Terrell, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-766-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 428 BP 54 EP 58 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BL28Z UT WOS:000075012200011 ER PT S AU Lee, A Bloom, E Scargle, J AF Lee, A Bloom, E Scargle, J BE Meegan, CA Preece, RD Koshut, TM TI Pulse decomposition analysis of BATSE GRB time profiles SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 15-20, 1997 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Univ Space Res Assoc AB The time profiles of many gamma-ray bursts observed by BATSE consist of distinct pulses, which offers the possibility of characterizing the temporal structure of these bursts using a relatively small set of pulse shape parameters. This pulse analysis has previously been performed on a small sample of bright long bursts using binned data, which comes in several data types, and on a sample of short bursts using the BATSE Time-Tagged Event (TTE) data type. The BATSE Time-to-Spill (TTS) burst data type records the times required to accumulate a fixed number of photons, in each of four energy channels. These spill times give the inverse of the average count rate for the spill interval. There has been almost no analysis done with the TTS data, because it is difficult to use with standard algorithms. The TTS data offer variable time resolution, ranging from about 50 ms to under 1 ms, which usually allows the complete time profiles of bright, long bursts to be stored in the limited memory on board the CGRO. The spill times recorded in the TTS data behave as a gamma distribution. We have developed an interactive pulse-fitting program written in IDL using the phenomenological pulse model of Norris et al. [1], a maximum-likelihood fitting routine, and a semi-automatic routine to determine initial guesses for the fitting routine from time profiles smoothed by a wavelet denoising algorithm. We have used this program to analyze all bursts observed by BATSE up through trigger number 2000, covering the period from April 1991 through July 1994, in all energy channels for which there is TTS data available. We present statistical information on the attributes of pulses comprising these bursts. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Lee, A (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-766-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 428 BP 261 EP 265 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BL28Z UT WOS:000075012200052 ER PT S AU Li, H Sun, X Fenimore, EE AF Li, H Sun, X Fenimore, EE BE Meegan, CA Preece, RD Koshut, TM TI The expected rates of X-ray flashes from GRBs in ROSAT and preliminary search results SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 15-20, 1997 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Univ Space Res Assoc AB The recent long (up to days) and relatively bright soft X-ray afterglows from GRBs detected by BeppoSAX raise the possibility of detecting similar events in the ROSAT database. We perform detailed calculations on the expected number of ROSAT events based on the extended halo scenario. We use the realistic ROSAT capabilities and the actual exposure time on bright nearby galaxies. We find that the expected number of X-ray events is quite low, similar to 1, and depends on the peak X-ray luminosity. Thus a nondetection of such events from nearby galaxies (within 12 Mpc) can not rule out most of the the viable halo models. We also present the preliminary search results from the ROSAT PSPC database. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS-2,MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-766-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 428 BP 420 EP 424 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BL28Z UT WOS:000075012200081 ER PT S AU Sun, X Li, H Fenimore, EE Wang, QD AF Sun, X Li, H Fenimore, EE Wang, QD BE Meegan, CA Preece, RD Koshut, TM TI X-ray flashes in ROSAT PSPC data SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 15-20, 1997 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Univ Space Res Assoc AB We find 24 short (200-2500s) X-ray Bashes from all the ROSAT Position Sensitive Proportional Counter (PSPC) observations above galactic latitude 30 degrees (similar to 9.6 Msec) and some observations toward low latitudes (similar to 2. a Msec). The brightest Bash is quite extraordinary. Its flux rises from nondetection by a factor of > 200 in less than 100 sec. Its spectrum can be fitted either by a thermal plasma model with kT greater than or equal to 2.7 keV, or by a single power-law with the photon number index of approximate to -1.7. Photon statistics are not sufficient to obtain spectra for other Bashes. The Bash event fields can vary from optically crowded regions to blank fields. Although eight flashes are found from observations from nearby galaxies, and three of them are within the optical extent of their corresponding galaxies, we could not statistically establish that there are two different populations between nearby galaxies and control fields. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sun, X (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS-2,MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-766-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 428 BP 456 EP 460 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BL28Z UT WOS:000075012200088 ER PT S AU Fenimore, EE Ramirez, E Sumner, MC AF Fenimore, EE Ramirez, E Sumner, MC BE Meegan, CA Preece, RD Koshut, TM TI Kinematic arguments against single relativistic shell models for GRBs SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 15-20, 1997 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Univ Space Res Assoc AB Two main types of models have been suggested to explain the long durations and multiple peaks of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). In one, there is a very quick release of energy at a central site resulting in a single relativistic shell that produces peaks in the time history through its interactions with the ambient material. In the other, the central site sporadically releases energy over hundreds of seconds forming a peak with each burst of energy. We show that the average envelope of emission and the presence of gaps in GRBs are inconsistent with a single relativistic shell. We estimate that the maximum fraction of a single shell that can produce gamma-rays in a GRB with multiple peaks is 10(-3), implying that single relativistic shells require 10(3) times more energy than previously thought. We conclude that either the central site of a GRB must produce similar to 10(51) erg s(-1) for hundreds of seconds, or the relativistic shell must have structure on a scales the order of root epsilon Gamma(-1), where Gamma is the bulk Lorentz factor (similar to 10(2) to 10(3)) and epsilon is the efficiency. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Fenimore, EE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS-2,MS D436, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-766-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 428 BP 657 EP 661 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BL28Z UT WOS:000075012200126 ER PT S AU Sumner, MC Fenimore, EE AF Sumner, MC Fenimore, EE BE Meegan, CA Preece, RD Koshut, TM TI Variability in shell models of GRBs SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 15-20, 1997 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Univ Space Res Assoc AB Many cosmological models of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) assume that a single relativistic shell carries kinetic energy away from the source and later converts it into gamma rays, perhaps by interactions with the interstellar medium or by shocks within the shell. Although such models are able Co reproduce general trends in GRB time histories, it is difficult to reproduce the high degree of variability often seen in GRBs. We investigate methods of achieving this variability using a simplified external shock model. Since our model emphasizes geometric and statistical considerations, rather than the detailed physics of the shell, it is applicable to any theory that relies on relativistic shells. We find that the variability in GRBs gives strong clues to the efficiency with which the shell converts its kinetic energy into gamma rays. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sumner, MC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS-2,MS D36, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-766-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 428 BP 765 EP 770 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BL28Z UT WOS:000075012200146 ER PT S AU Wilson, JR Salmonson, JD Mathews, GJ AF Wilson, JR Salmonson, JD Mathews, GJ BE Meegan, CA Preece, RD Koshut, TM TI A binary neutron star GRB model SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 15-20, 1997 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Univ Space Res Assoc AB In this paper we present the preliminary results of a model for the production of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) through the compressional heating of binary neutron stars near their last stable orbit prior to merger. Recent numerical studies of the general relativistic (GR) hydrodynamics in three spatial dimensions of close neutron star binaries (NSBs) have uncovered evidence for the compression and heating of the individual neutron stars (NSs) prior to merger [1,2]. This effect will have significant effect on the production of gravitational waves, neutrinos and, ultimately, energetic photons. The study of the production of these photons in close NSBs and, in particular, its correspondence to observed GRBs is the subject of this paper. The gamma-rays arise as follows. Compressional heating causes the neutron stars to emit neutrino pairs which, in turn, annihilate to produce a hot electron-positron pair plasma. This pair-photon plasma expands rapidly until it becomes optically thin, at which point the photons are released. We show that this process can indeed satisfy three basic requirements of a model for cosmological gamma-rap bursts: 1) sufficient gamma-ray energy release (> 10(51) ergs) to produce observed fluxes, 2) a time-scale of the primary burst duration consistent with that of a "classical" GRB (similar to IO seconds), and 3) the peak of the photon number spectrum matches that of "classical" GRB (similar to 300 keV). C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Wilson, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-766-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 428 BP 788 EP 792 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BL28Z UT WOS:000075012200150 ER PT S AU Colgate, SA Li, H AF Colgate, SA Li, H BE Meegan, CA Preece, RD Koshut, TM TI The galactic model of GRBs SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 15-20, 1997 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Univ Space Res Assoc AB The galactic model of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is based upon the observed production of soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) in our galaxy and the consequences of a reasonable model to explain them. In this view GRBs are the long term result of the burn-out conditions of the SGRs in this and in other galaxies. A delay of similar to 30 million years before GRBs are being actively produced can be understood as the time required for the ejected matter during the SGR phase to cool, condense, and form planetesimals that are eventually captured by the central neutron star. The amount of disk matter and the interaction between each GRB and the disk determine the rate of burst production and turn-off time of GRBs. The X-ray afterglow as well as optical emission is derived from X-ray fluorescence and ionization of previously ablated matter. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Colgate, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-766-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 428 BP 820 EP 824 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BL28Z UT WOS:000075012200157 ER PT S AU Park, HS Ables, E Band, DL Barthelmy, SD Bionta, RM Butterworth, PS Cline, TL Ferguson, DH Fishman, GJ Gehrels, N Hartmann, D Hurley, K Kouveliotou, C Meegan, CA Ott, L Parker, E Williams, GG AF Park, HS Ables, E Band, DL Barthelmy, SD Bionta, RM Butterworth, PS Cline, TL Ferguson, DH Fishman, GJ Gehrels, N Hartmann, D Hurley, K Kouveliotou, C Meegan, CA Ott, L Parker, E Williams, GG BE Meegan, CA Preece, RD Koshut, TM TI Super-LOTIS - A high-sensitive optical counterpart search experiment SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 15-20, 1997 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Univ Space Res Assoc AB We are constructing a 0.6 meter telescope system to search for early time gamma-ray burst (GRB) optical counterparts. Super-LOTIS (Super-Livermore Optical;Transient Imaging System) is an automated telescope system that has a 0.8 degrees x 0.8 degrees field-of-view, is sensitive to My similar to 19 and responds to a burst trigger within 5 min. This telescope will record images of the gamma-ray burst coordinates that are given by the GCN (GRB Coordinate Network) A measurement of GRB light curves at early times will greatly enhance our understanding of GRB physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Park, HS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Barthelmy, Scott/D-2943-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-766-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 428 BP 842 EP 845 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BL28Z UT WOS:000075012200161 ER PT S AU Grossan, B Perlmutter, S Ashley, M AF Grossan, B Perlmutter, S Ashley, M BE Meegan, CA Preece, RD Koshut, TM TI A search for gamma-ray burst optical emission with the Automated Patrol Telescope SO GAMMA-RAY BURSTS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Huntsville Gamma-Ray Burst Symposium CY SEP 15-20, 1997 CL HUNTSVILLE, AL SP Univ Space Res Assoc AB The Automated Patrol Telescope (APT) is a wide-field (5 degrees x 5 degrees), modified Schmidt capable of covering large gamma-ray burst (GRB) localization regions to produce a high rate of GRB optical emission measurements. Accounting for factors such as bad weather and incomplete overlap of our :field and large GRB localization regions, we estimate our search will image the actual location of 20-41 BATSE GRB sources each year. Long exposures will be made Ibr these images, repeated fdr several nights, to detect delayed optical transients (OTs) with light curves similar ro those already discovered. The APT can also respond within about 20 s to GRB alerts from BATSE to search for prompt emission from GRBs. We expect to image more than 2.4 GRBs yr.(-1) during gamma-ray emission. More than 5.1 will be imaged yr.(-1) within similar to 20 s of emission. The APT's 50 cm aperture is much larger than other currently operating experiments used to search for prompt emission, and the APT is the only GRB dedicated telescope in the Southern Hemisphere. Given the current rate of similar to 25% OTs per X/gamma localization, we expect to produce a sample of similar to 10 OTs for detailed follow-up observations in 1-2 years of operation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Grossan, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-766-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 428 BP 909 EP 913 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Remote Sensing GA BL28Z UT WOS:000075012200175 ER PT S AU Kresin, VZ Bill, A Wolf, SA Ovchinnikov, YN AF Kresin, VZ Bill, A Wolf, SA Ovchinnikov, YN BE Bok, J Deutscher, G Pavuna, D Wolf, SA TI High T-c oxides: Two order parameters, magnetic scattering and upper limit of T-c, novel isotope effects, and the phonon-plasmon mechanism SO GAP SYMMETRY AND FLUCTUATIONS IN HIGH-T(C) SUPERCONDUCTORS SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES B, PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on the Gap Symmetry and Fluctuations in High-T(c) Superconductors CY SEP 01-13, 1997 CL CARGESE, FRANCE SP NATO, Sci Div C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kresin, VZ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0258-1221 BN 0-306-45934-5 J9 NATO ADV SCI I B-PHY PY 1998 VL 371 BP 55 EP 71 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BL99F UT WOS:000077391900004 ER PT J AU Sokol, RJ McKim, JM Goff, MC Ruyle, SZ Devereaux, MW Han, D Packer, L Everson, G AF Sokol, RJ McKim, JM Goff, MC Ruyle, SZ Devereaux, MW Han, D Packer, L Everson, G TI Vitamin E reduces oxidant injury to mitochondria and the hepatotoxicity of taurochenodeoxycholic acid in the rat SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases CY NOV 11-15, 1994 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis ID PRIMARY BILIARY-CIRRHOSIS; NATIONAL COOPERATIVE GALLSTONE; ELECTRON-TRANSPORT CHAIN; HYDROPHOBIC BILE-SALTS; PERMEABILITY TRANSITION; CHENODEOXYCHOLIC ACID; URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID; LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; T-BUTYLHYDROPEROXIDE AB Background & Aims: Hydrophobic bile acids have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury. The hypothesis that hydrophobic bile acid toxicity is mediated by oxidant stress in an in vivo rat model was tested in this study. Methods: A dose-response study of bolus intravenous (IV) taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDC) in rats was conducted. Rats were then pretreated with parenteral alpha-tocopherol, and its effect on IV TCDC toxicity was evaluated by liver blood tests and by assessing mitochondrial lipid peroxidation. Results: Four hours after an IV bolus of TCDC (10 mu mol/100 g weight), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) revers peaked, hepatic mitochondria showed evidence of increased lipid peroxidation, and serum bile acid analysis was consistent with a cholestatic injury. Liver histology at 4 hours showed hepatocellular necrosis and swelling and mild portal tract inflammation. Treatment with parenteral a-tocopherol was associated with a 60%-70% reduction in AST and ALT levels, improved histology, and a 60% reduction in mitochondrial lipid peroxidation in rats receiving TCDC. Conclusions: These data show that hepatocyte injury and oxidant damage to mitochondria caused by IV TCDC can be significantly reduced by pretreatment with the antioxidant vitamin E. These in vivo findings support the role for oxidant stress in the pathogenesis of bile acid hepatic toxicity. C1 Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Pediat Liver Ctr, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Sect Pediat Gastroenterol Hepatol & Nutr, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Med, Liver Sect, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Childrens Hosp, Hepatobiliary Res Ctr, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Denver, CO USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Membrane Bioenerget Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sokol, RJ (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Pediat Liver Ctr, Box B290,1056 E 19th Ave, Denver, CO 80218 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [IP30DK34914, R01DK38446] NR 59 TC 130 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD JAN PY 1998 VL 114 IS 1 BP 164 EP 174 DI 10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70644-4 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA YN909 UT WOS:000071220900023 PM 9428230 ER PT J AU Khatri, JN Silks, LA Kosh, JW AF Khatri, JN Silks, LA Kosh, JW TI Selected pharmacodynamic and biochemical properties of selenonium choline SO GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE selenium; selenonium choline; cholinergic; false neurotransmitter; postmortem; false neurotransmitter; postmortem; phosphorylation; acetylation ID ACETYLCHOLINE SYNTHESIS; RAT-BRAIN; ACETYLSELENONIUM CHOLINE; BIOLOGICAL-ACTIVITIES; PLASMA CHOLINE; METABOLISM; ANALOGS; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; ACETYLTRANSFERASE; SYNAPTOSOMES AB 1. Five minutes after intravenous administration of 50 mg/kg of the novel choline ana analogue selenonium choline [(CH3)(2)Se+CH2CH2OH, SeCh], only 8% of the administered dose was accounted for in blood, brain, liver, heart, and kidney tissues. 2. SeCh was acetylated in vivo to acetylselenonium choline (ASeCh) in all of the tissues examined. 3. During postmortem incubation, brain concentrations of SeCh and ASeCh increased to 535% and to 425%, respectively. 4. K-m and V-max values for the phosphorylation of SeCh by choline kinase were higher and lower, respectively, compared to the phosphorylation of choline. 5. Acetylation of SeCh was described with K-m and V-max values that were both higher than the values for Ch. 6. The data suggest that SeCh is phosphorylated and incorporated into various lipids in brain tissue, and is acetylated to ASeCh by both nonneural and neural tissues. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 UNIV S CAROLINA,COLL PHARM,COLUMBIA,SC 29208. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,BIOSCI & TECHNOL SECT,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR02231] NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-3623 J9 GEN PHARMACOL JI Gen. Pharmacol. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 30 IS 1 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1016/S0306-3623(97)00080-3 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YF526 UT WOS:A1998YF52600015 PM 9457488 ER PT J AU Selby, PB AF Selby, PB TI Major impacts of gonadal mosaicism on hereditary risk estimation, origin of hereditary diseases, and evolution SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE gonadal mosaicism; risk estimation; specific-locus test; clusters; doubling dose ID DOMINANT LETHAL MUTATIONS; MALE-MICE; FEMALE MICE; OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA; PARENTAL MOSAICISM; IONIZING-RADIATION; GENETIC HAZARDS; LOCUS; MOUSE; INDUCTION AB The specific-locus test in mice is by far the most extensively applied method for precisely defining gene mutation frequencies in mammals. Computer simulations of control experiments involving 57.4 million offspring, based on vast amounts of historical data, show that because of gonadal mosaicism, the total frequency of spontaneous mutations per generation is much higher than has been thought. The estimated combined spontaneous mutation frequency for both sexes for the seven genes tested in specific-locus experiments is 39.6 x 10(-5) mutation/gamete. Division of this frequency by the combined induced mutation frequencies in parents of both sexes results in an estimate of the doubling-dose (DD) of from 5.4 to 7.7 Gy. For decades, the DD has been thought to be about 1 Gy. As the DD increases, estimates of hereditary risk that are based upon it decrease. Thus, one important ramification of this new understanding is that estimates of the hereditary risk to humans from radiation, commonly made by the doubling-dose (DD) approach, are probably at least five times too high. It also appears that gonadal mosaicism is likely to play a much more important role both in evolution and the origin of hereditary diseases than has been appreciated in the past. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Selby, PB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1060 Commerce Pk Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 41 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PY 1998 VL 102-3 SI SI BP 445 EP 462 DI 10.1023/A:1017018705590 PG 18 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 110WQ UT WOS:000075404900036 PM 9720294 ER PT J AU Selby, PB AF Selby, PB TI Discovery of numerous clusters of spontaneous mutations in the specific-locus test in mice necessitates major increases in estimates of doubling doses SO GENETICA LA English DT Article DE clusters; risk estimation; radiation; specific-locus test; doubling dose ID DOMINANT LETHAL MUTATIONS; RADIATION GENETICS; MOSAIC MUTANTS; FEMALE MICE; MOUSE; INDUCTION; RATES; ETHYLNITROSOUREA; FREQUENCIES; MORTALITY AB Both the precision with which mutations can be quickly identified and the extensive application of the method make results from specific-locus experiments in mice especially important for estimating the doubling dose, which is the radiation exposure that induces a mutation frequency equal to the total spontaneous mutation frequency per generation. Because of gonadal mosaicism and the mechanism by which it occurs, the frequency with which new spontaneous mutations occur per generation is much higher than has been thought. While it will be some time before many of the newly-apparent uncertainties related to understanding this phenomenon can be resolved, consideration of what is known suggests that it would already be reasonable to raise the doubling dose from 1 to 5 Gy for low-dose-rate exposures to X and gamma radiation. Doing so would reduce risk estimates made by the doubling-dose method fivefold. Because the doubling dose for chemical mutagens is also calculated by division of the total spontaneous mutation frequency per generation by the induced mutation frequency per unit of chemical exposure, hereditary risks for chemicals have also been considerably overestimated if they are based on specific-locus data. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Selby, PB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, 1060 Commerce Pk Dr, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-6707 J9 GENETICA JI Genetica PY 1998 VL 102-3 SI SI BP 463 EP 487 DI 10.1023/A:1017070722428 PG 25 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 110WQ UT WOS:000075404900037 PM 9720295 ER PT J AU Davis, AP Justice, MJ AF Davis, AP Justice, MJ TI An Oak Ridge legacy: The specific locus test and its role in mouse mutagenesis SO GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ETHYLNITROSOUREA MUTAGENESIS; LETHAL MUTATIONS; QUAKING LOCUS; T-REGION; GENE; MICE; SPERMATOGONIA; INDUCTION; ALLELES; GENOME C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Justice, MJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, POB 2009, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 47 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 4 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 148 IS 1 BP 7 EP 12 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YR425 UT WOS:000071494000003 PM 9475716 ER PT J AU DiLeone, RJ Russell, LB Kingsley, DM AF DiLeone, RJ Russell, LB Kingsley, DM TI An extensive 3 ' regulatory region controls expression of Bmp5 in specific anatomical structures of the mouse embryo SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TGF-BETA-SUPERFAMILY; LINEAGE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; TRANSGENIC MICE; DECAPENTAPLEGIC GENE; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; SONIC HEDGEHOG; IMAGINAL DISKS; MORPHOGENESIS; MUTATIONS; SKELETAL AB Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted signaling molecules that control important developmental events in many different organisms. Previous studies have shown that BMPs are expressed at the earliest stages of skeletal development, and are required for formation of specific skeletal features, strongly suggesting that they are endogenous signals used to control formation of skeletal tissue. Despite the importance of BMP signaling in normal development, very little is known about the mechanisms that control the synthesis and distribution of BMP signals in vertebrates. Here, we identify a large array of cis-acting control sequences that lay out expression of the mouse. Bmp5 gene in specific skeletal structures and soft tissues. Some of these elements show striking specificity for particular anatomical features within the skeleton, rather than for cartilage and bone in general. These data suggest that the vertebrate skeleton is built from the sum of many independent domains of BMP expression, each of which may be controlled by separate regulatory elements driving expression at specific anatomical locations. Surprisingly, some of the regulatory sequences in the Bmp5 gene map over 270 kb from the Emp5 promoter, making them among the most distant elements yet identified in studies of eukaryotic gene expression. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Beckman Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dev Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kingsley, DM (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Beckman Ctr, Howard Hughes Med Inst, B300, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kingsley@cmgm.stanford.edu OI DiLeone, Ralph/0000-0002-4770-2590 NR 52 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JAN PY 1998 VL 148 IS 1 BP 401 EP 408 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YR425 UT WOS:000071494000037 PM 9475750 ER PT J AU Connelly, MA Zhang, H Kieleczawa, J Anderson, CW AF Connelly, MA Zhang, H Kieleczawa, J Anderson, CW TI The promoters for human DNA-PKcs (PRKDC) and MCM4: Divergently transcribed genes located at chromosome 8 band q11 SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; PURINE NUCLEOTIDE SYNTHESIS; ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA GENE; STRAND BREAK REPAIR; BIDIRECTIONAL PROMOTER; CATALYTIC SUBUNIT; SCID MUTATION; REPLICATION PROTEINS; V(D)J RECOMBINATION AB A 30-kb genomic segment containing the promoter and first 9 exons of PRKDC, the gene encoding the catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs,) of the human DNA-activated protein kinase, DNA-PK, was isolated and partially sequenced. Sequence comparison with the NCBI nonredundant database revealed the locations of the first 13 exons of the upstream gene, MCM4. MCM4 is an essential component of a protein complex that prevents DNA from being replicated more than once per cell cycle. The MCM4 and DNA-PKcs, promoters are in CPG islands separated by similar to 700 bp, and transcription from each initiates at multiple, closely spaced sites. Both promoters lack TATA boxes, and the MCM4 promoter also lacks an initiator (Inr) element but has an inverted CCAAT box. The DNA-PKcs, promoter has an Inr-like sequence as well as a downstream MED-1 element. The two promoters appear to function independently, as sequences required for core promoter activity do not overlap, and sequences extending into the 5' region of each gene had little or no effect on transcription of the other gene, as shown in transient transfection assays. The arrangement of the PRKDC/MCM4 gene pair is similar to that of the ATM/ E14(NPAT) gene pair. ATM, the product of the gene mutated in ataxia telangiectasia, and DNA-PKcs, function in pathways that detect or repair DNA damage and are members of a family of large, serine/threonine kinases that are closely related to phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases. (C) 1998 Academic Press. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Anderson, CW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Bldg 463, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM52825] NR 69 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 47 IS 1 BP 71 EP 83 DI 10.1006/geno.1997.5076 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA YU740 UT WOS:000071749500009 PM 9465298 ER PT J AU Felmy, AR Rustad, JR AF Felmy, AR Rustad, JR TI Molecular statics calculations of proton binding to goethite surfaces: Thermodynamic modeling of the surface charging and protonation of goethite in aqueous solution SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID SOLID-SOLUTION INTERFACE; HETEROGENEOUS SURFACES; ION ADSORPTION; DYNAMICS; WATER; (HYDR)OXIDES; CONSTANTS; OXIDE AB Molecular statics calculations of proton binding at the hydroxylated faces of goethite are used to guide the development of a thermodynamic model which describes the surface charging properties of goethite in electrolyte solutions. The molecular statics calculations combined with a linear free energy relation between the energies of the hydroxylated surface and the aqueous solvated surface predict that the acidity constants for most singly (aqua or hydroxo), doubly (mu-hydroxo), and triply (mu(3)-hydroxo or mu(3)-oxo) coordinated surface sites all have similar values. This model which binds protons to the goethite 110 and 021 faces satisfactorily describes the surface charging behavior of goethite, if pair formation between bulk electrolyte species, i.e., Na+, Cl-, and NO3-, is included in the model. Inclusion of minor species of quite different charging behavior (designed to describe the possible presence of defect species) did not improve our predictions of surface charge since the protonation of the major surface sites changed when these minor species were introduced into the calculations thereby negating the effect of small amounts of defect species on the overall charging behavior. The final thermodynamic model is shown to be consistent with the surface charging properties of goethite over a range of pH values, NaNO3, and NaCl concentrations. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Felmy, AR (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 19 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 1 BP 25 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00325-6 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ZA736 UT WOS:000072395700003 ER PT J AU Bargar, JR Brown, GE Parks, GA AF Bargar, JR Brown, GE Parks, GA TI Surface complexation of Pb(II) at oxide-water interfaces: III. XAFS determination of Pb(II) and Pb(II)-chloro adsorption complexes on goethite and alumina SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; FINE-STRUCTURE; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; METAL-IONS; CHLORIDE; SORPTION; LIGANDS; COPPER; ANIONS AB Pb(II) sorption on goethite and gamma-alumina was studied in aqueous 0.1 M NaCl solutions as a function of pH (5-7), sorption density (1.2-5 mu moles/m(2)), and [Pb](T) (0.24-4.53 mM) using XAFS (X-ray absorption fine structure) spectroscopy. At pH 7, the presence of Cl- has little effect on the Pb(II)/goethite and Pb(II)/gamma-alumina adsorbate spectra. However, at pH less than or equal to 6, the XAFS spectra indicate the presence of Pb(II)-chloro ternary complexes on goethite. XAFS-derived Pb-Fe distances suggest that these complexes are attached to goethite surfaces through Pb-O-sfc and Cl--Fe-sfc bonds simultaneously, i.e., both Pb(II) and Cl- ions bond as an inner-sphere species. In contrast, Pb-Cl--Al-sfc ternary complexes were not observed on gamma-alumina. These results suggest that the stability trends of Cl--Me-oxide bonds are similar to the relative stabilities of aqueous Me-chloride complexes, where Me is an oxide-forming cation. Cl--Fe-sfc and adsorbate-Cl--Fe-sfc bonding should be taken into account when describing surface complexation of Pb(II) and other soft Lewis acid metal ions on iron oxides and iron oxyhydroxides in Cl--bearing waters. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Bargar, JR (reprint author), Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, POB 4349,MS 69, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 38 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 5 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 1998 VL 62 IS 2 BP 193 EP 207 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00334-7 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA ZB828 UT WOS:000072512100002 ER PT J AU Cecil, LD Green, JR Vogt, S Michel, R Cottrell, G AF Cecil, LD Green, JR Vogt, S Michel, R Cottrell, G TI Isotopic composition of ice cores and meltwater from upper fremont glacier and Galena Creek rock glacier, Wyoming SO GEOGRAFISKA ANNALER SERIES A-PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA AB Meltwater runoff from glaciers can result from various sources,including recent precipitation and melted glacial ice. Determining the origin of the meltwater from glaciers through isotopic analysis can provide information about such things as the character and distribution of ablation on glaciers. A 9.4 m ice core and meltwater were collected in 1995 and 1996 at the glacigenic Galena Creek rock glacier in Wyoming's Absaroka Mountains. Measurements of chlorine-36 (Cl-36), tritium (H-3). sulphur-35 (S-35), and delta oxygen-18 (delta(18)O) were compared to similar measurements from an ice core taken from the Upper Fremont Glacier in the Wind River Range of Wyoming collected in 1991-95. Meltwater samples from three sites on the rock glacier yielded Cl-36 concentrations that ranged from 2.1+/-1.0x10(6) to 5.8+/-0.3x10(6) atoms/l. The ice-core Cl-36 concentrations from Galena Creek ranged from 3.4+/-0.3x10(5) to 1.0+/-0.1x10(6) atoms/l. Analysis of an ice core from the Upper Fremont Glacier yielded Cl-36 concentrations of 12+/-0.2x10(6) and 5.2+/-0.2x10(6) atoms/l for pre-1940 ice and between 2x10(6) and 3x10(6) atoms/l for post-1980 ice. Purdue's PRIME Lab analyzed the ice from the Upper Fremont Glacier. The highest concentration of Cl-36 in the ice was 77+/-2x10(6) atoms/l and was deposited during the peak of atmospheric nuclear weapons testing in the late 1950s. This is an order of magnitude greater than the largest measured concentration from both the Upper Fremont Glacier ice core that was not affected by weapons testing fallout and the ice core collected from the Galena Creek rock glacier. Tritium concentrations from the rock glacier ranged from 9.2+/-0.6 to 13.2+/-0.8 tritium units (TU) in the meltwater to -1.3+/-1.3 TU in the ice core. Concentrations of H-3 in the Upper Fremont Glacier ice core ranged from 0 TU in the ice older than 50 years to 6-12 TU in the ice deposited in the last 10 years. The maximum H-3 concentration in ice from the Upper Fremont Glacier deposited in the early 1960s during peak weapons testing fallout for this isotope was 360 TU. One meltwater sample from the rock glacier was analyzed for S-35 with a measured concentration of 5.4+/-1.0 millibecquerel per liter (mBeq/l). Modern precipitation in the Rocky Mountains contains 35S from 10 to 40 mBeq/L. The delta(18)O results in meltwater from the Galena Creek rock glacier (-17.40+/-0.1 to -17.98+/-0.1 per mil) are similar to results for modem precipitation in the Rocky Mountains. Comparison of these isotopic concentrations from the two glaciers suggest that the meltwater at the Galena Creek site is composed mostly of melted snow and rain that percolates through the rock debris that covers the glacier. Additionally, this water from the rock debris is much younger (less than two years) than the reported age of about 2000 years for the subsurface ice at the mid-glacier coring site. Thus the meltwater from the Galena Creek rock glacier is composed primarily of melted surface snow and rain water rather than melted glacier ice, supporting previous estimates of slow ablation rates beneath the surface debris of the rock glacier. C1 US Geol Survey, Idaho Falls, ID USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. US Geol Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Arvada, CO USA. RP Cecil, LD (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Idaho Falls, ID USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0435-3676 J9 GEOGR ANN A JI Geogr. Ann. Ser. A-Phys. Geogr. PY 1998 VL 80A IS 3-4 BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.1111/j.0435-3676.1998.00044.x PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geology SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 209YQ UT WOS:000081078100011 ER PT J AU McComas, DJ Bame, SJ Barraclough, BL Feldman, WC Funsten, HO Gosling, JT Riley, P Skoug, R Balogh, A Forsyth, R Goldstein, BE Neugebauer, M AF McComas, DJ Bame, SJ Barraclough, BL Feldman, WC Funsten, HO Gosling, JT Riley, P Skoug, R Balogh, A Forsyth, R Goldstein, BE Neugebauer, M TI Ulysses' return to the slow solar wind SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATITUDES AB After ten long years of wandering the uncharted seas, Ulysses returned to his home port of Ithaca. Similarly, after its unprecedented five year odyssey through the previously uncharted regions over the poles of the Sun, the Ulysses spacecraft has returned to the slow, variable solar wind which dominates observations near the ecliptic plane. Solar wind plasma and magnetic field observations from Ulysses are used to examine this return from the fast polar solar wind through the region of solar wind variability and into a region of slow solar wind from the low latitude streamer belt. As it journeyed equatorward, Ulysses encountered a large corotating interaction region and associated rarefaction region on each solar rotation. Due to these repeated interactions, Ulysses also observed numerous shocks, all of which have tilts that are consistent with those expected for shocks generated by corotating interaction regions. Eventually, Ulysses emerged into a region of unusually steady slow solar wind, indicating that the tilt of the streamer belt with respect to the solar heliographic equator was smaller than the width of the band of slow solar wind from the streamer belt. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BZ, England. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP McComas, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Funsten, Herbert/A-5702-2015 OI Funsten, Herbert/0000-0002-6817-1039 NR 15 TC 150 Z9 153 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1029/97GL03444 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA YQ302 UT WOS:000071371700001 ER PT J AU Aprea, C Unsworth, M Booker, J AF Aprea, C Unsworth, M Booker, J TI Resistivity structure of the Olympic Mountains and Puget Lowlands SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE; WASHINGTON-STATE; WESTERN WASHINGTON; EVOLUTION; COMPLEX; ORIGIN; COAST; RANGE; FAULT AB Magnetotellurics has been used to study of the gee-electric structure of the Olympic Mountains and Puget Lowland. Data were collected along an west-east line extending from the Pacific Ocean to the Cascade Mountains. The smoothest resistivity model consistent with the data suggests that subduction of the Olympic Mountains accretionary complex (Core rocks) has been prevented by a 30+ km thick sequence of volcanic rocks. This may effectively couple the Juan de Fuca and North American Plates and may explain the concentration of crustal earthquakes beneath the Puget Lowland. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Univ Washington, Geophys Program, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Aprea, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D-443, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RI Unsworth, Martyn/A-6395-2012 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 1998 VL 25 IS 1 BP 109 EP 112 DI 10.1029/97GL03490 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA YQ302 UT WOS:000071371700030 ER PT J AU Seifert, PK Geller, JT Johnson, LR AF Seifert, PK Geller, JT Johnson, LR TI Effect of P-wave scattering on velocity and attenuation in unconsolidated sand saturated with immiscible liquids SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ODOHERTY-ANSTEY FORMULA; FLUID DISTRIBUTION; SEISMIC-WAVES; POROUS-MEDIA; ROCKS AB Seismic wave tomography is a potentially powerful tool for detecting and delineating nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contaminants in the shallow subsurface. To develop this application, we are conducting laboratory and numerical studies to understand the mechanisms of P-wave transmission through NAPL-water-sand systems. P-wave measurements of traveltime and amplitude were taken in the 100-900 kHz frequency range through saturated sand with variable NAPL content. To simulate the stress conditions of the shallow surface, a low confining and axial pressure of 60 and 140 kPa, respectively, was applied. The measurements show a significant change in the traveltime and amplitude of the primary arrival as a function of NAPL saturation. To simulate the laboratory measurements, we performed numerical calculations of P-wave propagation through a 1-D medium. The results show that the main behavior of traveltime and amplitude variation can be explained by P-wave scattering. This represents an alternative explanation to the theories that describe local fluid flow as the dominant mechanism for seismic wave attenuation and velocity dispersion. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Seifert, PK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM pkseifert@lbl.gov; jtgeller@lbl.gov; lrjohnson@lbl.gov NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 USA SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 63 IS 1 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.1190/1.1444309 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA YU382 UT WOS:000071711500017 ER PT B AU Burton, JC Meyer, WT AF Burton, JC Meyer, WT BE Robertson, PK Mayne, PW TI QuickSite(SM), the argonne expedited site characterization methodology SO GEOTECHNICAL SITE CHARACTERIZATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Site Characterization (ISC 98) CY APR 19-22, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA AB Expedited site characterization (ESC), developed by Argonne National Laboratory, is an interactive, integrated process emphasizing the use of existing data of sufficient quality, multiple complementary characterization methods, and on-site decision making to optimize site investigations. The Argonne ESC is the basis for the provisional ESC standard of the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials). QuickSite(SM) is the implementation package developed by Argonne to facilitate ESC of sites contaminated with hazardous wastes. At various sites, Argonne has successfully implemented QuickSite(SM) and demonstrated the technical superiority of the ESC process over traditional methodologies guided by statistics and random-sampling approaches. For example, in a QuickSite(SM) characterization of a perched aquifer at the Pantex Plant in Texas, past data and geochemical analyses of existing wells were used to develop a model for recharge and contaminant movement. With the model as a guide, closure was achieved with minimal field work. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Burton, JC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-939-4 PY 1998 BP 115 EP 120 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA BK94N UT WOS:000073920600007 ER PT B AU Rose, CM Armstrong, SC Walker, JL Young, GN Burton, JC AF Rose, CM Armstrong, SC Walker, JL Young, GN Burton, JC BE Robertson, PK Mayne, PW TI Collecting real-time soil moisture profiles in the vadose zone SO GEOTECHNICAL SITE CHARACTERIZATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Site Characterization (ISC 98) CY APR 19-22, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA AB The savings realized by using cone penetrometer (CPT) technology to supplement site characterization work are well documented. Adding soil moisture profiling to CPT testing can further enhance the interpretation of geologic and hydrogeologic conditions at a site. The performance characteristics of three soil moisture probes (SMPs) used with direct-push technology were tested at a site in South Carolina. In the unsaturated zone, all three probes predicted volumetric soil moisture within +/-5 moisture units of the laboratory values more than 65% of the time. When the results were outside this range, the difference was not large enough to lead to erroneous interpretations of the actual soil moisture trends. Results of testing in a variety of hydrogeologic conditions indicate that when SMPs are used with proper site calibration and controls, each probe can predict soil moisture values within the unsaturated zone that closely match laboratory results, in real time. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rose, CM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-939-4 PY 1998 BP 589 EP 594 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA BK94N UT WOS:000073920600084 ER PT B AU Waller, JL Rose, CM Armstrong, SC Burton, JC AF Waller, JL Rose, CM Armstrong, SC Burton, JC BE Robertson, PK Mayne, PW TI Correct use of cone penetrometer sensors to predict subsurface conditions SO GEOTECHNICAL SITE CHARACTERIZATION, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Site Characterization (ISC 98) CY APR 19-22, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA AB When cone penetrometer testing (CPT) technology is used with in-situ sensors and probes to characterize subsurface conditions in environmental investigations, each sensor must be calibrated with high-quality, site-specific data to establish essential interpretation criteria. Mechanical, geophysical, and chemical sensor data collected for a site in South Carolina without such controls were misleading. Core logs obtained subsequently had major lithologic discrepancies with the soil classification based on the CPT sensor data. In addition, detailed core sampling and laboratory analysis showed that the sensor data on chemical contaminants included false-positive and false-negative results. In contrast, for a site in Nebraska, CPT data calibrated with high-quality site controls provided a detailed interpretation of subsurface conditions relevant to contaminant fate and transport. On the basis of the work in Nebraska, Argonne scientists are continuing to develop criteria to improve the interpretation of complex subsurface stratigraphy. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Waller, JL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-939-4 PY 1998 BP 1195 EP 1200 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering GA BK94N UT WOS:000073920600179 ER PT J AU Bartlett, N AF Bartlett, N TI Relativistic effects and the chemistry of gold SO GOLD BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; SILVER AB In atoms of high nuclear charge (Z), as a consequence of a relativistic effect, the s electrons of an atom become more bound and their orbitals smaller than if this effect were absent. Simultaneously, the: d (and f) electrons are less bound because of L-his effect, which scales roughly as Z(2). Gold exhibits a large relativistic effect, This accounts for gold being more resistant to oxidation than silver. It also accounts for higher oxidation stares being more accessible in gold than in silver. These effects are illustrated by some fluorine chemistry of gold and silver. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Bartlett, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 10 PU WORLD GOLD COUNCIL PI LONDON PA KINGS HOUSE, 10 HAYMARKET, LONDON SW1Y 4BP, ENGLAND SN 0017-1557 J9 GOLD BULL JI Gold Bull. PY 1998 VL 31 IS 1 BP 22 EP 25 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 227UL UT WOS:000082098300004 ER PT J AU Russell, A Xu, K Chumbley, S Parks, J Harringa, J AF Russell, A Xu, K Chumbley, S Parks, J Harringa, J TI A new method for strengthening gold SO GOLD BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PROCESSED COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; INTERPHASE BARRIER; INSITU COMPOSITES; ALLOYS; WIRES AB Metal-metal composites were first produced in a copper matrix in the 1970's, and they have since been produced in several other binary metal systems, This strengthening technique reinforces a ductile metal matrix with a ductile metal second phase. In some binary systems, this technique confers extraordinarily high strength and hardness while still maintaining low electrical resistivity. This article reports on the first gold matrix metal-metal composite, which was produced by deformation processing a 90%Au-10%Ag powder compact. The Au-Ag specimen studied had an ultimate tensile strength of 550 MPa and an electrical resistivity only 8% higher than that of pure Au at a deformation processing true strain of 5.6. The 590 nm average Ag filament thickness in this composite was relatively coarse compared to other deformation processed composites, which suggests that substantially higher strengths would be possible in a gold matrix metal-metal composite using deformation processing to higher true strains to reduce the filament thickness. C1 Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Russell, A (reprint author), Iowa State Univ Sci & Technol, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Russell, Alan/0000-0001-5264-0104 NR 20 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD GOLD COUNCIL PI LONDON PA KINGS HOUSE, 10 HAYMARKET, LONDON SW1Y 4BP, ENGLAND SN 0017-1557 J9 GOLD BULL JI Gold Bull. PY 1998 VL 31 IS 3 BP 88 EP 92 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 227UP UT WOS:000082098600004 ER PT B AU Barat, KL deCastro, TM AF Barat, KL deCastro, TM BE Komp, GR Thompson, MA TI An x-ray safety program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory SO GOOD PRACTICES IN HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Midyear Topical Health-Physics-Society Meeting on Good Practices in Health Physics CY FEB 08-11, 1998 CL MOBILE, AL SP Hlth Phys Soc C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Barat, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-84-7 PY 1998 BP 9 EP 12 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK71F UT WOS:000073162700002 ER PT B AU Vylet, V Lavine, T Allan, J Baumgartner, W AF Vylet, V Lavine, T Allan, J Baumgartner, W BE Komp, GR Thompson, MA TI Monitoring the startup of an accelerator facility SO GOOD PRACTICES IN HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Midyear Topical Health-Physics-Society Meeting on Good Practices in Health Physics CY FEB 08-11, 1998 CL MOBILE, AL SP Hlth Phys Soc C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Vylet, V (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-84-7 PY 1998 BP 93 EP 96 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK71F UT WOS:000073162700017 ER PT B AU Baret, KL AF Baret, KL BE Komp, GR Thompson, MA TI The challenge of laser training at a world-class facility: Laser training at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory SO GOOD PRACTICES IN HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Midyear Topical Health-Physics-Society Meeting on Good Practices in Health Physics CY FEB 08-11, 1998 CL MOBILE, AL SP Hlth Phys Soc AB This paper deals with the question of how does one teach and promote laser safety at a facility where the population varies from laser novices to laser experts with years of experience. This presents a challenge to the Laser Safety Officer (LSO) about how to provide laser safety training to such a staff, along with how to keep promoting laser safety throughout the year. A method used at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) will be presented here, along with a gauge of its success. The approach chosen has four elements: a classroom-style laser safety presentation with emphasis on nonbeam hazards and examples of beam control techniques, then follow-up with periodic laser news items sent to all users. Another element is retraining. Here users can quiz out, retake the basic class, or attend a special laser safety topic seminar. We present the laser user with a very proactive laser safety program to reinforce laser safety, trying to bring various aspects of laser safety to their attention. Formal evaluations, feedback on the program, and audits have shown a high degree of acceptance of the program from all levels of laser users. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Baret, KL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-84-7 PY 1998 BP 105 EP 107 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK71F UT WOS:000073162700020 ER PT B AU Strom, DJ AF Strom, DJ BE Komp, GR Thompson, MA TI Beyond score-keeping for the regulator: Reasons to perform personnel monitoring SO GOOD PRACTICES IN HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Midyear Topical Health-Physics-Society Meeting on Good Practices in Health Physics CY FEB 08-11, 1998 CL MOBILE, AL SP Hlth Phys Soc AB Most radiation safety programs monitor employees for exposures to radiation and radioactive materials. Sometimes monitoring is extended to visitors, members of the public, students, miners, and declared pregnant women, as well as off-site public. Ultimately, most programs do this because it is required by a regulation or rule invoked by a license or contract. Beyond the "score-keeping" needs of regulatory compliance, there are at least seven other valid reasons for performing personnel monitoring, many of which fall into the category of "no news is good news," or more aptly, "null news, as long as you can prove it, is good news." Personnel monitoring results are used to 1) measure performance for contractual compliance and demonstration that exposures and doses are kept as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA); 2) diagnose the need for and design safety or protection measures; 3) measure dose for worker surveillance programs and epidemiology; 4) document conditions for prevention of litigation or for evidence in litigation; 5) provide factual support for labor-management relations and public relations; 6) counsel workers; and 7) enhance workers' peace of mind. On the basis of the arguments presented here, I advocate 1) more personnel monitoring (external dosimetry, bioassay, and exposure monitoring) rather than less, and 2) better communication of dose assessment results. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Risk Anal & Hlth Protect Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Strom, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Risk Anal & Hlth Protect Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-84-7 PY 1998 BP 123 EP 128 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK71F UT WOS:000073162700023 ER PT B AU Hsu, HH Costigan, SA Romero, LL Whicker, JJ AF Hsu, HH Costigan, SA Romero, LL Whicker, JJ BE Komp, GR Thompson, MA TI Skin dose equivalent measurement from neutron-deficient isotopes SO GOOD PRACTICES IN HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Midyear Topical Health-Physics-Society Meeting on Good Practices in Health Physics CY FEB 08-11, 1998 CL MOBILE, AL SP Hlth Phys Soc AB Neutron-deficient isotopes decay via positron emission and/or electron capture often followed by x-ray, gamma-ray, and 0.511-MeV photons from positron annihilation. For cases of significant area and/or personnel contamination with these isotopes, determination of skin dose equivalent (SDE) is required by 10 CFR 835. For assessment of SDE, we evaluated the MICROSPEC-2(TM) system manufactured by Bubble Technology Industries of Canada, which uses three different probes for dose measurement. We used two probes: 1) the X-probe, which measures lower energy (4-120 keV) photon energy distributions and determines deep dose equivalent, SDE, and dose equivalent to eyes; and 2) the B-probe, which measures electron (positron) energy distributions and determines skin dose equivalent. Also, the measured photon and beta spectra can be used to identify radioactive isotopes in the contaminated area. Measurements with several neutron-deficient sources showed this system provided reasonably accurate SDE rate measurements when compared with calculated benchmark SDE rates with an average percent difference of 40%. Variations were expected because of differences between the assumed geometries used by MICROSPEC-2 and the calculations when compared to measurement conditions. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Safety & Hlth Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hsu, HH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Safety & Hlth Div, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-84-7 PY 1998 BP 139 EP 143 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK71F UT WOS:000073162700026 ER PT B AU Franklin, GL Gonzalez, PL AF Franklin, GL Gonzalez, PL BE Komp, GR Thompson, MA TI Beta reduction factors for protective clothing at Oak Ridge National Laboratory SO GOOD PRACTICES IN HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Midyear Topical Health-Physics-Society Meeting on Good Practices in Health Physics CY FEB 08-11, 1998 CL MOBILE, AL SP Hlth Phys Soc AB Beta reduction factors (f(beta)) for protective clothing (PC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have been determined for a variety of protective clothing combinations. Data were collected to determine the experimental f(beta) for several combinations of PCs under laboratory conditions. Radiation dose rates were measured with an open window Bicron((R)) RSO-5 ion chamber for two distinct beta-energy groups [E-max=1.218 x 10(-13) J (0.760 MeV) and 3.653 x 10(-13) J (2.280 MeV)]. Data points determined, as the ratio of unattenuated (no PCs) to attenuated (PCs), were used to derive a set of equations using the Microsoft((R)) Excel Linet function. Field comparison tests were then conducted to determine the validity of these beta reduction factors. The fe from the field tests was significantly less than the experimental f(beta), indicating that these factors will yield conservative results. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Franklin, GL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6354,Bldg 6010, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-84-7 PY 1998 BP 163 EP 169 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK71F UT WOS:000073162700030 ER PT B AU Culp, TA Hylko, JM AF Culp, TA Hylko, JM BE Komp, GR Thompson, MA TI A reevaluation of the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP 40 CFR 61, subpart H) program at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico SO GOOD PRACTICES IN HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Midyear Topical Health-Physics-Society Meeting on Good Practices in Health Physics CY FEB 08-11, 1998 CL MOBILE, AL SP Hlth Phys Soc AB The initial National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP - 40 CFR 61, Subpart H) program at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico (SNL/NM) required: 1) continuous air monitoring of sources if the calculated effective dose equivalent (EDE) to the maximum exposed individual (MEI) was >1 x 10(-3) mSv y(-1) (>0.1 mrem y(-1)); 2) the determination of emissions based on measurements or measured parameters (e.g., periodic confirmatory measurements) if the EDE to the MEI was <1 x 10(-3) mSv y(-1) (<0.1 mrem y(-1)); and 3) the calculation of worst-case releases when the expected air concentrations were below detection limits using standard monitoring equipment. This conservative interpretation of the regulation guided SNL/NM to model, track, and trend virtually all emission sources with the potential to include any radionuclides. The level of effort required to implement these activities was independent of the EDE contribution of the source. A recent programmatic review found the NESHAP program to be in excess of the legal requirements. A further review found that 13 of 16 radionuclide sources (approximately 81%) had a negligible impact on the final calculated EDE to the MEI used to demonstrate compliance. A reevaluation of the requirements of 40 CFR 61, Subpart H was performed. Any changes to the program had to be legal, reasonable, and appropriate under the existing circumstances. The new method of modeling, tracking, and trending the EDE to the MEI will consist of: 1) continuous monitoring if the EDE to the MEI is >1 x 10(-3) mSv y(-1) (>0.1 mrem y(-1)) and 2) no monitoring requirements of y(-1)). However, if monitoring is performed as any source if the EDE to the MEI is <1 x 10(-3) mSv y (<0.1 mrem y part of a best-management practice, the results will be reported to verify compliance. All other sources not having the potential to emit significant concentrations of radionuclides are listed in the annual NESHAP report regardless of their potential impact to the MEI. The distinction is that, by regulation, monitoring systems are not required if the EDE to the MEI is <1 x 10(-3) mSv y(-1) (<0.1 mrem y(-1)), and worst-case release calculations are not performed. This reevaluation promotes the effective allocation of resources to those emission sources contributing the majority of the EDE to the MEI. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Culp, TA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-84-7 PY 1998 BP 185 EP 192 PG 8 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK71F UT WOS:000073162700033 ER PT B AU Burke, LL Thalgott, JO Poston, JW AF Burke, LL Thalgott, JO Poston, JW BE Komp, GR Thompson, MA TI Health physics aspects of processing EBR-I coolant SO GOOD PRACTICES IN HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Midyear Topical Health-Physics-Society Meeting on Good Practices in Health Physics CY FEB 08-11, 1998 CL MOBILE, AL SP Hlth Phys Soc AB The sodium-potassium reactor coolant removed from the Experimental Breeder Reactor Number One (EBR-I) after a partial reactor core meltdown had been stored at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory for 40 years. The State of Idaho considered this waste the most hazardous waste stored in the state and required its processing. The reactor coolant was processed in three phases. The first phase converted the alkali metal into a liquid sodium-potassium hydroxide. The second phase converted this caustic to a liquid sodium-potassium carbonate. The third phase solidified the sodium-potassium carbonate into a form acceptable for land disposal. Health physics aspects and dose received during each phase of the processing are discussed. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Burke, LL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-84-7 PY 1998 BP 233 EP 239 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK71F UT WOS:000073162700041 ER PT B AU Poston, JW Burke, LL AF Poston, JW Burke, LL BE Komp, GR Thompson, MA TI Decontamination and reconditioning of the Argonne National Laboratory West Casting Laboratory alpha glove box SO GOOD PRACTICES IN HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 31st Midyear Topical Health-Physics-Society Meeting on Good Practices in Health Physics CY FEB 08-11, 1998 CL MOBILE, AL SP Hlth Phys Soc AB The Casting Laboratory (CL) alpha glove box was used to melt and cast metallic uranium and plutonium fuels as part of the Department of Energy's Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor Program. This highly contaminated alpha glove box was decontaminated and reconditioned to allow a change in mission. The goal of reconditioning was to install experimental apparatus and to improve contamination control prior to introducing Pu-238 into the CL glove box. Construction of a glove box containment structure and an increase in room ventilation were required. A temporary breathing air station was provided for personnel protection as well as personnel comfort. The historical contamination levels, decontamination techniques, and results of decontamination also are presented. The health physics aspects of the CL alpha glove box project may be applicable to other glove box refurbishment or decommissioning projects. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. RP Poston, JW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, POB 2528, Idaho Falls, ID 83403 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDICAL PHYSICS PUBLISHING PI MADISON PA 4513 VERNON BLVD, MADISON, WI 53705 USA BN 0-944838-84-7 PY 1998 BP 249 EP 254 PG 6 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BK71F UT WOS:000073162700043 ER PT B AU Radhakrishnan, B Sarma, G Zacharia, T AF Radhakrishnan, B Sarma, G Zacharia, T BE Weiland, H Adams, BL Rollett, AD TI Modeling of nucleation during recrystallization SO GRAIN GROWTH IN POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Grain Growth (ICGG-3) CY JUN 14-19, 1998 CL CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, PITTSBURGH, PA SP Alcoa, Allegheny Teledyne, ARMCO, Philips Electron Opt, US Steel, Natl Sci Fdn HO CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV AB The number density and spatial distribution of nuclei determine the kinetics, and the evolution of microstructure and texture during recrystallization. The potential nucleation sites are the high angle boundaries that exist in the deformed microstructure. These could be either the original grain boundaries prior to deformation or boundaries created due to non-uniform plastic deformation on the microscopic scale. Discontinuous subgrain growth with or without the formation of high angle boundaries may also occur during recrystallization in the presence of long range orientation gradients existing in the deformation substructure. The paper presents Monte Carlo simulation results on the evolution of substructures for each of the above nucleation mechanisms. The evolution of recrystallized grain structure from a realistic substructure obtained by modeling the deformation of fee polycrystals at the microstructural level is presented, and shows the collective contribution of the above nucleation mechanisms during recrystallization and grain growth. The simulations capture not only the kinetics and microstructural evolution but also the evolution of texture during recrystallization. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Radhakrishnan, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008,MS-6140, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-409-7 PY 1998 BP 91 EP 100 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM15U UT WOS:000077845600011 ER PT B AU Schonfelder, B Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Keblinski, P Furtkamp, M AF Schonfelder, B Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Keblinski, P Furtkamp, M BE Weiland, H Adams, BL Rollett, AD TI Molecular-dynamics method for the simulation of grain-boundary migration SO GRAIN GROWTH IN POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Grain Growth (ICGG-3) CY JUN 14-19, 1998 CL CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, PITTSBURGH, PA SP Alcoa, Allegheny Teledyne, ARMCO, Philips Electron Opt, US Steel, Natl Sci Fdn HO CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV AB A molecular-dynamics method for the simulation of the intrinsic migration behavior of individual, Bat grain boundaries introduced recently* is discussed. A constant driving force for grain-boundary migration is generated by imposing an anisotropic elastic strain on a bicrystal such that the elastic-energy densities in its two halves are different. For the model case of a large-planar-unit-cell, high angle (001) twist boundary in Cu we show that an elastic strain of similar to 1% - 4% is sufficient to drive the continuous, viscous movement of the boundary at temperatures well below the melting point. The driving forces thus generated (at the high end of the experimentally accessible range) enable a quantitative evaluation of the migration process during the time frame of 10(-9)s typically accessible by molecular-dynamics simulation. For this model high-angle grain boundary we demonstrate that (a) the drift velocity is, indeed, proportional to the applied driving force thus enabling us to determine the boundary mobility, (b) the activation energy for grain-boundary migration is distinctly lower than that for grain-boundary self-diffusion or even self-diffusion in the melt and (c) in agreement with earlier simulations the migration mechanism involves the collective reshuffling during local disordering ("melting") of small groups of atoms on one grain and subsequent resolidification onto the other grain. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schonfelder, B (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-409-7 PY 1998 BP 109 EP 118 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM15U UT WOS:000077845600013 ER PT B AU Battaile, CC Holm, EA AF Battaile, CC Holm, EA BE Weiland, H Adams, BL Rollett, AD TI Evolution of 2D Potts model grain microstructures from an initial Hillert size distribution SO GRAIN GROWTH IN POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Grain Growth (ICGG-3) CY JUN 14-19, 1998 CL CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, PITTSBURGH, PA SP Alcoa, Allegheny Teledyne, ARMCO, Philips Electron Opt, US Steel, Natl Sci Fdn HO CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV AB Grain growth experiments and simulations exhibit self-similar grain size distributions quite different from that derived via a mean field approach by Hillert [1]. To test whether this discrepancy is due to insufficient anneal times, two different two-dimensional grain structures with realistic topologies and Hillert grain size distributions are generated and subjected to gram growth via the Monte Carlo Potts Model (MCPM). In both cases, the observed self-similar grain size distributions deviate from the initial Hillert form and conform instead to that observed in MCPM grain growth simulations that start from a random microstructure. This suggests that the Hillert grain size distribution is not an attractor. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Battaile, CC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1411, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-409-7 PY 1998 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM15U UT WOS:000077845600014 ER PT B AU Engler, O Friedel, F AF Engler, O Friedel, F BE Weiland, H Adams, BL Rollett, AD TI Influence of orientation pinning on the Goss-texture in Fe-3%Si electrical steel SO GRAIN GROWTH IN POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Grain Growth (ICGG-3) CY JUN 14-19, 1998 CL CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, PITTSBURGH, PA SP Alcoa, Allegheny Teledyne, ARMCO, Philips Electron Opt, US Steel, Natl Sci Fdn HO CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV AB Despite a large number of investigations on the formation of the Goss-texture in Fe-3%Si electrical steels, the exact mechanisms leading to the preference of this particular orientation are not completely understood so far. As an alternative to the standard explanation of a favored growth of Goss-oriented grains during secondary recrystallization, recently the concept of 'orientation pinning' has been proposed, which considers that the growth of grains with special orientation relationships corresponding to low-angle and twin grain boundaries is disfavored. The present paper present preliminary EBSD-results on the growth of Goss-grains during secondary recrystallization in high-permeability transformer steel sheets. A semi-quantitative model to simulate the effect of orientation pinning on the evolution of the Goss-texture is introduced. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Engler, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Mat Sci, Mail Stop K765, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-409-7 PY 1998 BP 277 EP 282 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM15U UT WOS:000077845600036 ER PT B AU Miodownik, M AF Miodownik, M BE Weiland, H Adams, BL Rollett, AD TI A Monte Carlo model of Zener Pinning which shows f(-1) dependence SO GRAIN GROWTH IN POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Grain Growth (ICGG-3) CY JUN 14-19, 1998 CL CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, PITTSBURGH, PA SP Alcoa, Allegheny Teledyne, ARMCO, Philips Electron Opt, US Steel, Natl Sci Fdn HO CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV AB A novel Monte Carlo (MC) model of Zener Pinning has been developed. It differs from previous MC models in that it does not simulate polycrystalline grain growth. Instead a single boundary moving through an array of particles is simulated. The boundary curvature defines the driving force acting on the boundary; this is constant throughout the simulation. By incrementally increasing the volume fraction of particles, the pinning force is gradually increased. The boundary is eventually pinned when driving force equals the pinning force. This defines the Zener criterion and enables the volume fraction dependence of the model to be determined. The value of this approach is that there is no limit imposed on either the volume fraction of particles or their size. Simulations have been carried out over a range of volume fractions, from 0 < f < 0.25 for particles with volumes of 27 sites. The pinning force exerted by particles on a boundary is related to the characteristic shape during bypass, the so called 'dimple'. When the simulation temperature is T=0, dimples are not formed, the boundaries experience an artificially strong pinning farce and the model exhibits an f(-1/2) dependence. When T is greater than a critical value dimples are formed and the model shows an f(-1) volume fraction dependence. The implications of this result for previous MC models of Zener pinning is discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Miodownik, M (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-409-7 PY 1998 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM15U UT WOS:000077845600037 ER PT B AU Godfrey, A Miodownik, MA Jensen, DJ Martin, JW AF Godfrey, A Miodownik, MA Jensen, DJ Martin, JW BE Weiland, H Adams, BL Rollett, AD TI Measuring growth kinetics of individual grains during secondary recrystallisation using an in-situ neutron diffraction technique SO GRAIN GROWTH IN POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Grain Growth (ICGG-3) CY JUN 14-19, 1998 CL CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, PITTSBURGH, PA SP Alcoa, Allegheny Teledyne, ARMCO, Philips Electron Opt, US Steel, Natl Sci Fdn HO CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV AB An in-situ neutron diffraction method has been developed, enabling the growth kinetics of individual grains to be monitored during the secondary recrystallisation of extruded MA 754. This nickel-based oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) superalloy undergoes secondary recrystallisation, transforming a weakly textured submicron grain size structure into a coarse grained structure with a strong < 100 > fibre texture. Using a linear position-sensitive detector, together with an Euler cradle, the diffracted intensity from an individual grain can be isolated from all other diffracted intensities and continuously monitored with time. By control of the specimen temperature the growth kinetics of individual grains can thus be investigated. The technique also provides an experimental tool for directly investigating the phenomenon of solute break away. This has been suggested as providing an explanation for the triggering of secondary recrystallisation in a number of ODS alloys. The technique is potentially applicable to any system undergoing secondary recrystallisation to produce a coarse grained structure. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat & Appl Mech, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Godfrey, A (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Ctr Mat & Appl Mech, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-409-7 PY 1998 BP 417 EP 422 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BM15U UT WOS:000077845600054 ER PT S AU Krumke, SO Marathe, MV Noltemeier, H Ravi, SS Wirth, HC AF Krumke, SO Marathe, MV Noltemeier, H Ravi, SS Wirth, HC BE Hromkovic, J Sykora, O TI Upgrading bottleneck constrained forests SO GRAPH-THEORETIC CONCEPTS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science CY JUN 18-20, 1998 CL SMOLENICE CASTLE, SLOVAKIA SP Slovak Acad Comp Sci, Dept Comp Sci I RWTH Aachen, Slovak Soc Comp Sci ID TREES AB We study bottleneck constrained network upgrading problems. We are given an edge weighted graph G = (V, E) where node nu epsilon V can be upgraded at a cost of c(nu). This upgrade reduces the delay of each link emanating from nu. The goal is to find a minimum cost set of nodes to be upgraded so that the resulting network has a good performance. The performance is measured by the bottleneck weight of a constrained forest defined by a proper function [GW95]. These problems are a generalization of the node weighted constrained forest problems studied by Klein and Ravi [KR95]. The main result of the paper is a polynomial time approximation algorithm for this problem with performance guarantee of 2 ln(root e/2.\K\), where K := {nu : f({nu}) = 1} is the set of terminals given by the proper function f. We also prove that the performance bound is tight up to small constant factors by providing a lower bound of In \K\. Our results are obtained by extending the elegant solution based decomposition technique of [KR95] for approximating node weighted constrained forest problems. The results presented here extend those in [KR95, KM(+)97]. C1 Konrad Zuse Zentrum Informat Tech Berlin, Dept Optimizat, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Wurzburg, Dept Comp Sci, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. SUNY Albany, Dept Comp Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Krumke, SO (reprint author), Konrad Zuse Zentrum Informat Tech Berlin, Dept Optimizat, Takustr 7, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-65195-0 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1998 VL 1517 BP 215 EP 226 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BN84Q UT WOS:000083174200018 ER PT B AU Marland, G Schlamadinger, B Feldman, D AF Marland, G Schlamadinger, B Feldman, D BE Riemer, PWF Smith, AY Thambimuthu, KV TI Reforestation: What happens when the JI project ends? SO GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION: TECHNOLOGIES FOR ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTED JOINTLY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Technologies for Activities Implemented Jointly CY MAY 26-29, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Energy Agcy Greenhouse Gas Res & Dev Programme ID FOREST AB Forest management is one of the strategies often suggested for mitigating the accumulation of CO? in the atmosphere. It is also one of the attractive options for Joint Implementation (JI) projects. We use a mathematical model of carbon stocks and flows to illustrate that a change in forest management strategy can impact the global C cycle in four ways: 1.) C is sequestered in the living and dead biomass of the forest and forest soils, 2.) C is stored in forest products, 3.) renewable biomass fuels displace fossil-fuel use, and 4.) forest products often require less fossil-fuel-based energy for their production and use than do alternate products that perform the same service. These four approaches raise Very different issues for measurement and verification of their impact on the C cycle and for attribution of net C emissions benefits to a JI project. Also, there is an important distinction between C emissions avoided (items 3 and 4) and C sequestered (items 1 and 2); i.e. who is responsible for C that is stored; what happens when the JI project ends? Using the analogy of international treatment of special nuclear materials, we suggest that any JI project must close the cycle and specify in its original contractual agreement how any materials accumulated during the project (C sequestered in forests) will be accounted for and disposed of at the end of the finite project lifetime. The contractual agreement needs to establish how objectives are to be measured and monitored and how a JI "site" or JI "project" will be defined and bounded. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Marland, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043325-1 PY 1998 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1016/B978-008043325-7/50042-7 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM86J UT WOS:000079959900038 ER PT B AU Stowell, DE Berrigan, CL AF Stowell, DE Berrigan, CL BE Riemer, PWF Smith, AY Thambimuthu, KV TI Joint Implementation in the post-2000 era SO GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION: TECHNOLOGIES FOR ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTED JOINTLY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Technologies for Activities Implemented Jointly CY MAY 26-29, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Energy Agcy Greenhouse Gas Res & Dev Programme AB In 1993, the U.S. launched the first national pilot program for Joint Implementation (JI). The purpose of the US Initiative on joint Implementation (USIJI) was to help establish an empirical basis for considering cooperative approaches to reducing greenhouse gases in a sustainable and economical manner. It was also recognized that a enormous potential exists for reducing these emissions more cost-effectively in countries where the infrastructure is either restructuring or expanding. JI is seen as an opportunity to tap into the substantial private sector capital flows for developing countries and countries with economies in transition and for influencing the technology choices enabling the increased use of green technologies. With nearly constant multilateral and bilateral funding over the last decade, and a tripling of private sector investment, JI is a way to affect this powerful flow toward projects that are not only economically and environmentally sound, but are in line with the priorities of the host countries. This paper explores the necessity of JI in the post-2000 era, the importance of strong private sector participation, and the need for incentives. It also looks at the progress achieved to date by the international pilot phase, "Activities Implemented Jointly" under the Framework Convention on Climate Change. C1 Us Dept Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Stowell, DE (reprint author), Us Dept Energy, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043325-1 PY 1998 BP 313 EP 316 DI 10.1016/B978-008043325-7/50051-8 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM86J UT WOS:000079959900047 ER PT B AU Bergman, P Hughes, E Benemann, J AF Bergman, P Hughes, E Benemann, J BE Riemer, PWF Smith, AY Thambimuthu, KV TI Cofiring of biomass with coal: US R & D projects and potential for international activities implemented jointly SO GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION: TECHNOLOGIES FOR ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTED JOINTLY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference on Technologies for Activities Implemented Jointly CY MAY 26-29, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Energy Agcy Greenhouse Gas Res & Dev Programme C1 US DOE, Fed Technol Ctr, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Bergman, P (reprint author), US DOE, Fed Technol Ctr, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043325-1 PY 1998 BP 565 EP 565 DI 10.1016/B978-008043325-7/50086-5 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM86J UT WOS:000079959900082 ER PT B AU Loh, HP Ruether, J Dye, R AF Loh, HP Ruether, J Dye, R BE Riemer, PWF Smith, AY Thambimuthu, KV TI Advanced technologies for power generation from coal with reduced carbon dioxide emissions SO GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION: TECHNOLOGIES FOR ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTED JOINTLY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Technologies for Activities Implemented Jointly CY MAY 26-29, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Energy Agcy Greenhouse Gas Res & Dev Programme AB The U.S. Department of Energy is developing a suite of technologies for power generation from coal with higher efficiencies and reduced gaseous emissions than current commercial technologies. The technologies are potentially important elements in national plans to reduce carbon emissions while maintaining economic activity. In this paper, three advanced technologies are described that have potential for reducing carbon emissions in the near, medium, and longer term. Repowering existing relatively low pressure (subcritical) steam power stations in the U.S. with higher pressure (supercritical) steam cycles could reduce carbon emissions by more than 20 megatonnes of carbon annually, the emission reduction target for the electric energy generation sector in the U.S. Climate Change Action Plan. In the medium term, a power generation system employing existing fuel cell technology would provide electricity with less carbon emissions per kWh than existing coal-based systems. For the long term, an advanced version of fuel cell technology still in development would provide power with still higher efficiency. The fuel cell power generation systems lend themselves to capture of carbon dioxide in pure form at the power station. If this were done and the by product carbon dioxide were sequestered, the fuel cell systems would deliver power with negligible atmospheric carbon emissions. C1 US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Loh, HP (reprint author), US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043325-1 PY 1998 BP 567 EP 572 DI 10.1016/B978-008043325-7/50087-7 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM86J UT WOS:000079959900083 ER PT B AU Byrer, CW Guthrie, HD AF Byrer, CW Guthrie, HD BE Riemer, PWF Smith, AY Thambimuthu, KV TI Assessment of world coal resources for carbon dioxide (CO2) storage potential - While enhancing potential for coalbed methane production SO GREENHOUSE GAS MITIGATION: TECHNOLOGIES FOR ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTED JOINTLY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Technologies for Activities Implemented Jointly CY MAY 26-29, 1997 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Int Energy Agcy Greenhouse Gas Res & Dev Programme AB For most countries, fossil fuels continue to represent the main incremental fuel source to meet increased electrical demand. Coal is our most abundant and cheapest fossil fuel resource worldwide. Over the past two centuries, it has played a vital role in the stability and growth of the world economy. This energy source is also one of the fuels causing large carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions with the burning of coal in power plants. In the near future, coal may also have a role for solving the environmental greenhouse gas concern for increasing CO2 emissions throughout the world. Coal resources may be an acceptable "geological sink" for storing CO2 emissions in amenable unmineable coalbeds while enhancing the commercial recovery and production of natural gas (coalbed methane) from these coals. C1 US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. RP Byrer, CW (reprint author), US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, 3610 Collins Ferry Rd, Morgantown, WV 26507 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND BN 0-08-043325-1 PY 1998 BP 573 EP 576 DI 10.1016/B978-008043325-7/50088-9 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BM86J UT WOS:000079959900084 ER PT J AU Zhang, CL Grossman, EL Ammerman, JW AF Zhang, CL Grossman, EL Ammerman, JW TI Factors influencing methane distribution in Texas ground water SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; COASTAL-PLAIN AQUIFER; ISOTOPE EVIDENCE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; ORGANIC-CARBON; CONFINING BEDS; OXIDATION; SULFATE; METHANOGENESIS; CHEMISTRY AB To determine the factors that influence the distribution of methane in Texas ground water, water samples were collected from 40 wells in east-central and central Texas aquifers, Among the chemical parameters examined, sulfate is most important in controlling methane distribution, Methane occurs in high concentration (>10 mu M) in east-central Texas only where sulfate concentration is low (<1 mu M), supporting the hypothesis that abundant microbial methane production does not begin until sulfate is depleted. Because water samples from central Texas are high in either oxygen (up to 172 mu M) or sulfate (up to 28.7 mu M), methane concentrations are low (<5 mu M) in these waters, A positive correlation between methane and sulfate in these waters indicates a different, perhaps thermogenic, origin for the trace methane, The C-13/C-12 ratios of dissolved methane ranged from -80 parts per thousand to -21 parts per thousand in east-central Texas and from -41.2 parts per thousand to -8.5 parts per thousand in central Texas, Low values of < -50 parts per thousand in the east-central Texas ground water indicate a microbial origin for methane and are consistent with the observed sulfate-methane relationship; high C-13/C-12 ratios of > -31 parts per thousand likely result from bacterial methane oxidation, Similarly, methane with high C-13/C-12 ratios in central Texas may reflect partial oxidation of the methane pool, Overall, water samples from both regions show a positive correlation between sulfate concentration and the C-13/C-12 ratio of methane, suggesting that methane oxidation may be associated with sulfate reduction in Texas ground water. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Zhang, CL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 12 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 USA SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 36 IS 1 BP 58 EP 66 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1998.tb01065.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA YQ492 UT WOS:000071393200013 ER PT B AU Gottesman, D AF Gottesman, D BE Corney, SP Delbourgo, R Jarvis, PD TI The Heisenberg representation of quantum computers SO GROUP 22: PROCEEDINGS OF THE XII INTERNATIONAL COLLOQUIUM ON GROUP THEORETICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Colloquium on Group Theoretical Methods in Physics (Group 22) CY JUL 13-17, 1998 CL HOBART, AUSTRALIA ID ERROR-CORRECTION; STATE; CODES AB Since Shor's discovery of an algorithm to Factor numbers on a quantum computer in polynomial time, quantum computation has become a subject of immense interest. Unfortunately, one of the key features of quantum computers - the difficulty of describing them on classical computers - also makes it difficult to describe and understand precisely what can be done with them. A formalism describing the evolution of operators rather than states has proven extremely fruitful in understanding an important class of quantum operations. States used in error correction and certain communication protocols can be described by their stabilizer, a group of tensor products of Pauli matrices. Even this simple group structure is sufficient to allow a rich range of quantum effects, although it falls short of the full power of quantum computation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, T6 Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gottesman, D (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, T6 Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM gottesma@t6-serv.lanl.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU INTERNATIONAL PRESS INC BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA PO BOX 2872, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02238-2872 USA BN 1-57146-054-3 PY 1998 BP 32 EP 43 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA BP18C UT WOS:000084339400004 ER PT J AU Isfort, RJ Cody, DB Richards, WG Yoder, BK Wilkinson, JE Woychik, RP AF Isfort, RJ Cody, DB Richards, WG Yoder, BK Wilkinson, JE Woychik, RP TI Characterization of growth factor responsiveness and alterations in growth factor homeostasis involved in the tumorigenic conversion of mouse oval cells SO GROWTH FACTORS LA English DT Article DE oval cells; tumorigenesis; growth and differentiation factors ID LIVER EPITHELIAL-CELLS; FACTOR-ALPHA; RAT-LIVER; STEM-CELLS; FACTOR-BETA; TGF-BETA; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; NEGATIVE REGULATION; CANCER METASTASIS; FACTOR RECEPTOR AB Five mouse oval cell lines were investigated in regards to their growth and differentiation factor (GDF) responsiveness and to changes in their GDF responsiveness following tumorigenic conversion. In all 59 GDFs and 11 comitogens were evaluated with variable responsiveness, depending on the mouse oval cell line under study, observed. Analysis of oval cell GDF responsiveness during tumorigenic conversion revealed that tumorigenic variants displayed alterations in GDF responsiveness which correlated with tumorigenicity. In addition, analysis of autocrine/paracrine growth factor production demonstrates that most tumorigenic variants produce growth factors. These studies demonstrate for the first time that (1) mouse oval cells respond to a wide variety of GDFs including various members of the interleukin, chemokine, stem cell factor, EGF, FGF, PDGF, TGF-beta, VEGF, insulin, CSF, TNF, HGF, and IFN growth and differentiation factor families in addition to multiple comitogens and (2) during tumorigenic conversion mouse oval cells undergo alterations which result in both alterations in GDF responsiveness and the autocrine/paracrine production of multiple GDFs. C1 Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Labs, HSD, CP&RSD, Cincinnati, OH 45239 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Biol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Sch Vet Med, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Isfort, RJ (reprint author), Procter & Gamble Co, Miami Valley Labs, HSD, CP&RSD, POB 398707, Cincinnati, OH 45239 USA. NR 45 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0897-7194 J9 GROWTH FACTORS JI Growth Factors PY 1998 VL 15 IS 2 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.3109/08977199809117185 PG 14 WC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YU070 UT WOS:000071678300001 PM 9505165 ER PT B AU Lee, SY AF Lee, SY BE Ruggiero, AG TI Emittance preservation, control and manipulation SO HADRON COLLIDERS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGY AND LUMINOSITY SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project on Hadron Colliders at the Highest Energy and Luminosity CY NOV 04-13, 1996 CL ERICE, ITALY AB Effects of external and self-force on the emittance are reviewed. Possible manipulation techniques are discussed. C1 Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Fermilab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3361-2 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 1998 VL 13 BP 27 EP 37 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM17X UT WOS:000077915400004 ER PT B AU Palmer, RB Gallardo, JC Tollestrup, A Sessler, A AF Palmer, RB Gallardo, JC Tollestrup, A Sessler, A BE Ruggiero, AG TI High luminosity mu(+)mu(-) collider: Report of a feasibility study SO HADRON COLLIDERS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGY AND LUMINOSITY SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project on Hadron Colliders at the Highest Energy and Luminosity CY NOV 04-13, 1996 CL ERICE, ITALY AB Parameters are given of 4 TeV and 0.5 TeV (c-of-m) high luminosity mu(+)mu(-) colliders, and of a 0.5 TeV lower luminosity demonstration machine. We discuss the various systems in such muon colliders, starting from the proton accelerator needed to generate the muons and proceeding through muon cooling, acceleration and storage in a collider ring. Detector background, polarization, and nonstandard operating conditions are analysed. Muon Colliders have unique technical and physics advantages and disadvantages when compared with both hadron and electron machines. They should thus be regarded as complementary. We briefly mention the luminosity requirements of hadrons and lepton machines and their high-energy-physics advantages and disadvantages in reference to their effective center of mass energy. Finally, we present an R & D plan to determine whether such machines are practical. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Palmer, RB (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3361-2 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 1998 VL 13 BP 39 EP 68 PG 30 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM17X UT WOS:000077915400005 ER PT B AU Ruggiero, AG AF Ruggiero, AG BE Ruggiero, AG TI Design considerations and expectations of a very large hadron collider SO HADRON COLLIDERS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGY AND LUMINOSITY SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project on Hadron Colliders at the Highest Energy and Luminosity CY NOV 04-13, 1996 CL ERICE, ITALY C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ruggiero, AG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3361-2 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 1998 VL 13 BP 97 EP 99 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM17X UT WOS:000077915400008 ER PT B AU Ruggiero, AG AF Ruggiero, AG BE Ruggiero, AG TI Trading studies of a very large hadron collider SO HADRON COLLIDERS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGY AND LUMINOSITY SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project on Hadron Colliders at the Highest Energy and Luminosity CY NOV 04-13, 1996 CL ERICE, ITALY C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ruggiero, AG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3361-2 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 1998 VL 13 BP 101 EP 120 PG 20 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM17X UT WOS:000077915400009 ER PT B AU Ruggiero, AG AF Ruggiero, AG BE Ruggiero, AG TI Compendium of equations for the design of a very large hadron collider SO HADRON COLLIDERS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGY AND LUMINOSITY SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project on Hadron Colliders at the Highest Energy and Luminosity CY NOV 04-13, 1996 CL ERICE, ITALY C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ruggiero, AG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3361-2 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 1998 VL 13 BP 127 EP 130 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM17X UT WOS:000077915400011 ER PT B AU Willen, E AF Willen, E BE Ruggiero, AG TI Superconducting magnets SO HADRON COLLIDERS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGY AND LUMINOSITY SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project on Hadron Colliders at the Highest Energy and Luminosity CY NOV 04-13, 1996 CL ERICE, ITALY AB Superconducting dipole magnets for high energy colliders are discussed. As an example, the magnets recently built far the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven are reviewed. Their technical performance and the cost for the industry-built production dipoles are given. The cost data is generalized in order to extrapolate the cost of magnets for a new machine. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11786 USA. RP Willen, E (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11786 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3361-2 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 1998 VL 13 BP 141 EP 159 PG 19 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM17X UT WOS:000077915400013 ER PT B AU Fisk, HE AF Fisk, HE CA DO Collaborat BE Ruggiero, AG TI Detector issues SO HADRON COLLIDERS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGY AND LUMINOSITY SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project on Hadron Colliders at the Highest Energy and Luminosity CY NOV 04-13, 1996 CL ERICE, ITALY AB Recent results from the DO Experiment on the top quark, W boson mass and SUSY searches are reported. Plans are given for the detector upgrades for Run II where the luminosity (L) is expected to reach 2x10(32) cm(-2)s(-1) and the early thinking is presented on how to deal with Run III where L > 10(33) cm(-2)s(-1) is expected. Several detector issues for higher luminosities are identified. C1 Fermilab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Fisk, HE (reprint author), Fermilab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3361-2 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 1998 VL 13 BP 175 EP 198 PG 24 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM17X UT WOS:000077915400015 ER PT B AU Turner, WC AF Turner, WC BE Ruggiero, AG TI Beam tube vacuum in 100 TeV hadron colliders SO HADRON COLLIDERS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGY AND LUMINOSITY SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project on Hadron Colliders at the Highest Energy and Luminosity CY NOV 04-13, 1996 CL ERICE, ITALY AB Bounds on the beam tube gas pressure and the required pumping speed are estimated for similar to 2 T low field (LF) and similar to 12 T high field (HF) 100 TeV center-of-mass hadron colliders. In both cases photodesorption by synchrotron radiation is the dominant source of gas. Assuming beam-gas scattering limited luminosity lifetime five times the IP scattering lifetime, the required CO equivalent beam tube pressure is 0.25 nTorr for LF and 1.8 nTorr for HF, ambient room temperature equivalent. The CO equivalent pumping speeds required to achieve this pressure within a reasonable beam conditioning time (a few tenths of an operational year at design intensity) are estimated to be similar to 300 l/s-m for LF and similar to 40 l/s-m for HF. For the LF case with a superferric warm iron magnet, the beam tube is at ambient room temperature and a distributed NEG plus lumped ion or cryo pump system is considered. The size of antechamber needed, ID similar to 6 cm, requires that it be located outside the similar to 2 cm C-coil magnet gap. Lumped pumps for pumping CH4 need to be spaced at similar to 20 m intervals on the antechamber. For the HF case the likely beam tube temperature is 15-20 K and cryopumping with a beam screen system is considered. The necessary pumping speed can be achieved with slots covering similar to 2 per cent of the beam screen surface. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Turner, WC (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3361-2 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 1998 VL 13 BP 199 EP 208 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM17X UT WOS:000077915400016 ER PT B AU Ruggiero, AG AF Ruggiero, AG BE Ruggiero, AG TI Hadron colliders at the highest energy and luminosity - Proceedings of the 34th workshop of the INFN Elosiatron Project - Erice, Italy 4-13 November 1996 - Conclusion of the Workshop SO HADRON COLLIDERS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGY AND LUMINOSITY SE SCIENCE AND CULTURE SERIES: PHYSICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Workshop of the INFN ELOISATRON Project on Hadron Colliders at the Highest Energy and Luminosity CY NOV 04-13, 1996 CL ERICE, ITALY C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ruggiero, AG (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3361-2 J9 SCI CULT SER PHYS PY 1998 VL 13 BP 289 EP 295 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM17X UT WOS:000077915400021 ER PT S AU Barnes, T AF Barnes, T BE Chung, SU Willutzki, HJ TI Phenomenology of light quarks SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON 97) CY AUG 25-30, 1997 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB In this contribution I review some recent developments in light quark spectroscopy, from a somewhat theoretical viewpoint. I concentrate almost exclusively on light masons, since this area of hadron physics has seen the greatest share of recent advances. In theory I will discuss recent LGT results for hybrid meson masses, hybrid decay calculations and conventional quarkonium decay calculations. In experiment I review new or recent candidates for higher quarkonium states (the new experimental hybrid candidates are reviewed by other contributers in these proceedings), and then discuss an interesting miscellany in gamma gamma physics, K-1 mixing angles, K (K) over bar molecules and D-s decays. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barnes, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-765-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 432 BP 3 EP 15 PG 13 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BL29Z UT WOS:000075033700001 ER PT S AU Derrick, M AF Derrick, M BE Chung, SU Willutzki, HJ TI Measurements of deep inelastic scattering at high (x,Q(2)) with the ZEUS detector at HERA SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON 97) CY AUG 25-30, 1997 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB In this talk I report on the latest results of the ZEUS collaboration concerning the cross sections in both charged current and neutral current channels at high (x, Q(2)), together with the comparison with expectations. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 33.5 pb(-1). The results are those given at the 1997 Lepton-Photon Conference and update the earlier publication. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Derrick, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-765-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 432 BP 69 EP 79 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BL29Z UT WOS:000075033700007 ER PT S AU Aston, D AF Aston, D CA SLD Collaboration BE Chung, SU Willutzki, HJ TI Properties of hadron production in Z(0) decays SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON 97) CY AUG 25-30, 1997 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB I describe recent work by the SLD Collaboration in various studies of hadron production ill Z(0) decays. By exploiting SLD's precision vertex detector and particle identification capabilities to tag primary jet flavour and SLC's polarisation to separate quark from anti-quark jets, we have made systematic comparisons of the flavour-dependence of hadron production rates and made an improved test of the flavour-independence of alpha(s). We also measured the gluon energy spectrum in b (b) over bar g events and the b-quark fragmentation function and made a precision measurement of the B-0 and B+ meson lifetimes. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Aston, D (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-765-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 432 BP 90 EP 92 PG 3 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BL29Z UT WOS:000075033700009 ER PT S AU Page, PR AF Page, PR BE Chung, SU Willutzki, HJ TI Strong decays of hybrid mesons from the heavy quark expansion of QCD SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON 97) CY AUG 25-30, 1997 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB We calculate the strong decays of hybrid mesons to conventional mesons for all the lowest lying J(PC) hybrids of flavour u (u) over bar, d (d) over bar s (s) over bar, c (c) over bar and bi;. A decay operator developed from the heavy quark expansion of quantum chromodynamics is employed. We show that the selection rule that hybrid mesons do not decay to identical S-wave mesons, found in other models, is preserved. We predict decays of charmonium hybrids, discuss decays of J(PC) = 1 (-/+) exotic isovector hybrids of various masses, and interpret the pi(1800) as a hybrid meson. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Theory Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Page, PR (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Theory Grp, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-765-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 432 BP 121 EP 124 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BL29Z UT WOS:000075033700016 ER PT S AU Carroll, AS AF Carroll, AS BE Chung, SU Willutzki, HJ TI Measurement of color transparency by C(p,2p) reactions at large momentum transfer SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON 97) CY AUG 25-30, 1997 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Carroll, AS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-765-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 432 BP 201 EP 204 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BL29Z UT WOS:000075033700036 ER PT S AU Longacre, RS AF Longacre, RS BE Chung, SU Willutzki, HJ TI H-0 candidates from the decays Sigma(-)p and Lambda p pi(-), produced in heavy ion collisions Si beam on Pb target SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON 97) CY AUG 25-30, 1997 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB We present Ho candidate events, where H-O(2210) is observed through the weak decay modes Sigma(-) p and Lambda p pi(-), produced in central heavy ion collisions with 14.6 x A Gev/c Si beam on Pb target. The lifetime is consistent with similar to 4 cm c tau in both channels approximately 1/3 of an H-O(2210) which decays into Sigma(-) p is produced per central Si Pb collision. The branching ratio between Lambda p pi(-) and Sigma(-) p is around 11%+/-3%. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Longacre, RS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-765-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 432 BP 217 EP 220 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BL29Z UT WOS:000075033700040 ER PT S AU Weygand, DP AF Weygand, DP CA E852 Collaboration BE Chung, SU Willutzki, HJ TI Study of eta pi(-) and pi(+)pi(-)pi(-) systems in pi(-)p interactions at 18 GeV/c SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON 97) CY AUG 25-30, 1997 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB The exclusive reactions pi(-)p --> eta pi(-)p and pi(-)p -->, pi(+)pi(-)pi(-)p at 18 GeV/c have been studied at the MultiParticle Spectrometer at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Partial wave analyses have been performed on the 47,200 eta pi(-)p events and 250,000 pi(+)pi(-)pi(-)p events. In eta pi(-) a J(PC) = 1(-+) exotic state of mass (1370 +/- 16(-30)(+50))MeV/c(2) and width (385 +/- 40(-105)(+65) MeV/c(2)) is seen to interfere with the a(2)(1320) with resonance-like phase motion, while in pi(+)pi(-)pi(-) a J(PC) 1(-+) exotic wave is observed with resonance-like behavior at a mass of (1533 +/- 8 MeV/c(2)) and width (158 +/- 20 MeV/c(2)). C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Weygand, DP (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-765-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 432 BP 313 EP 317 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BL29Z UT WOS:000075033700051 ER PT S AU Lebrun, P AF Lebrun, P CA E687 collaboration BE Chung, SU Willutzki, HJ TI Observations of the scalar meson f(0)(980) in the photoproduction experiment E687 at Fermilab. SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON 97) CY AUG 25-30, 1997 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB Observation of the scalar meson f(0)(980) is reported in the E687 photoproduction experiment at Fermilab. Evidence is given also for the quasi-exclusive associated phi(1020)f(0)(980) photoproduction. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lebrun, P (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-765-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 432 BP 353 EP 360 PG 8 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BL29Z UT WOS:000075033700060 ER PT S AU Lebrun, P AF Lebrun, P CA Fermilab E687 Collaboration BE Chung, SU Willutzki, HJ TI Recent results from Fermilab E687 SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON 97) CY AUG 25-30, 1997 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB Recent analyses from Fermilab fixed target photoproduction experiment 687 [1] are summarized. Emphasis is placed on strong interaction studies performed on high statistics samples of Charm decays and light quark states. In particular. semi-leptonic measurements of form factors in Cabibbo suppressed modes are described. A Dalitz analysis of the D-s(+) --> pi(+)pi(-)pi(+) has been performed and can be linked to recent results on scalar states decaying to pi(+)pi(-). Ln addition, Charm-Anticharm asymmetries in high energy photoproduction have been measured. Finally, photoproduction of light quark states, such as the vector meson rho(1700) or the f(0)(980) are discussed. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lebrun, P (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-765-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 432 BP 504 EP 513 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BL29Z UT WOS:000075033700083 ER PT S AU Manak, JJ AF Manak, JJ CA E852 Collaboration BE Chung, SU Willutzki, HJ TI Observation of the eta(1295) and eta(1440) produced in the reaction pi(-)p ->eta pi(+)pi(-)n at 18 GeV/c SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON 97) CY AUG 25-30, 1997 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB A partial-wave analysis of 9082 eta pi(+)pi(-)n events produced in the reaction pi(-)p --> eta pi(+)pi(-)n at 18.3 Gev/c has been carried out using data from experiment E852 at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The data is dominated by J(PC) = 0(-+) partial waves consistent with observation of the eta(1295) and the eta(1440). The mass and width of the eta(1295) was determined to be 1282 +/- 5 MeV and 66 +/- 13 MeV respectively while the eta(1440) was observed with a mass of 1404 +/- 6 MeV and a width of 80 +/- 21 MeV. Other partial waves of importance include the 1(++) and the 1(+-) waves. Results of the partial wave analysis are combined with results of other experiments to estimate f(1)(1285) branching fractions. These values are considerably different from current values determined without the aid of amplitude analyses. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Manak, JJ (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-765-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 432 BP 531 EP 534 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BL29Z UT WOS:000075033700086 ER PT S AU Page, PR AF Page, PR BE Chung, SU Willutzki, HJ TI (Hybrid) baryons in the flux-tube model SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON 97) CY AUG 25-30, 1997 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB We construct baryons and hybrid baryons in the non-relativistic flux-tube model of Isgur and Paton. The motion of the flux-tube with the three quark positions fixed, except for centre of mass corrections, is discussed. It is shown that the problem can to an excellent approximation be reduced to the independent motion of a junction and strings. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Theory Grp, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Page, PR (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Theory Grp, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RI Page, Philip/L-1885-2015 OI Page, Philip/0000-0002-2201-6703 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-765-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 432 BP 553 EP 556 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BL29Z UT WOS:000075033700091 ER PT S AU Longacre, RS AF Longacre, RS BE Chung, SU Willutzki, HJ TI The pi(1)(1400) meson as a K(K)over-bar pi pi molecule SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON 97) CY AUG 25-30, 1997 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB In this paper the pi(1)(1400) meson with J(PC) = 1(-+) is speculated to be a molecule state which has a similar binding mechanism as the f(1)(1420). With analogy to the f(1)(1420) as a pion orbiting in a P-wave around an S-wave K (K) over bar system, we have a pion orbiting in a P-wave around an S-wave K (K) over bar pi system resonating in the eta(1295). In order to completely derive the dynamics one would have to develop a true four-body scattering mechanism with Born terms connecting two- and three-body isobar states (eta(1295), rho(770), a(0)(980), K-1(1270)). Here we take a short cut and assume a simpler three-body Born term analogous to the final state rescattering mechanism that generated the f(1)(1420). The interactions of the a(0)(980) with the rho(770) through a kaon exchange, which would require a four-body treatment, are replaced by a modification of the P-wave an phase shift. If we allow this modification then binding like the f(1)(1420) can occur. Furthermore when the eta(1295) is formed in rescattering at momentum outside the K (K) over bar pi pi phase space, we assume the eta(1295) will couple to the ground state eta since its quarks and quantum numbers are the same, thus creating eta pi in a P-wave decay. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Longacre, RS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-765-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 432 BP 579 EP 582 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BL29Z UT WOS:000075033700097 ER PT S AU Nystrand, J Klein, S AF Nystrand, J Klein, S BE Chung, SU Willutzki, HJ TI Two-photon physics at RHIC: Separating signals from backgrounds SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON 97) CY AUG 25-30, 1997 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB This presentation will show the feasibility of studying two-photon interactions in the STAR experiment at RHIC. Signals, detection efficiencies, backgrounds, triggering and analysis techniques will be discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Nystrand, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-765-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 432 BP 641 EP 645 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BL29Z UT WOS:000075033700112 ER PT S AU Dunwoodie, W AF Dunwoodie, W CA Mark III Collaboration BE Chung, SU Willutzki, HJ TI J/psi radiative decay to two pseudoscalar mesons from Mark III SO HADRON SPECTROSCOPY SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (HADRON 97) CY AUG 25-30, 1997 CL BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY HO BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB AB The results of amplitude analyses of the Mark III data on the (KsKs0)-K-0, K+K- and pi(+)pi(-) systems produced in J/psi, radiative decay are shown for the mass range 1 - 2 GeV. The intensity distributions for the amplitudes having J(PC) values 0(++) and 2(++) are presented and discussed. The observed strong production of the f(0)(1700) in J/psi, radiative decay suggests that this state may consist primarily of the lightest scalar glueball state. No significant production of spin 2 is observed in the 1.7 GeV mass region. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Dunwoodie, W (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-765-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1998 IS 432 BP 753 EP 757 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BL29Z UT WOS:000075033700127 ER PT B AU Castor, JI AF Castor, JI BE Bradley, PA Guzik, JA TI A celebration of the contributions of Art Cox to stellar pulsation interpretations SO HALF CENTURY OF STELLAR PULSATION INTERPRETATIONS: A TRIBUTE TO ARTHUR N. COX SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on a Half Century of Stellar Pulsation Interpretations CY JUN 16-20, 1997 CL LOS ALAMOS, NM AB A roughly chronological account is given of Arthur N. Cox's published work of 1953-1996, mostly in stellar pulsation theory, with a digression into stellar opacity. When possible, his work is placed in the context of the contemporary efforts. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Castor, JI (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-55-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 135 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK82C UT WOS:000073481200001 ER PT B AU Becker, SA AF Becker, SA BE Bradley, PA Guzik, JA TI The variable star menagerie SO HALF CENTURY OF STELLAR PULSATION INTERPRETATIONS: A TRIBUTE TO ARTHUR N. COX SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on a Half Century of Stellar Pulsation Interpretations CY JUN 16-20, 1997 CL LOS ALAMOS, NM AB Throughout the H-R diagram lie groupings of stars whose luminosity varies with time. These variable stars can be classified into distinct types such as beta Cephei stars, delta Cephei stars, and Miras, as well as many other categories. The underlying mechanism for the variability is generally felt to be due to four different causes: pulsation, rotation, eruptive processes, and geometric effects. For this review, the focus will be on pulsating variables and how the theory of stellar evolution as applied to single stars can be used to explain why various regions of the H-R diagram are populated with variable stars. To this end, after identifying the different types of pulsating variables, a generalized discussion of the evolutionary behavior of a massive star, an intermediate-mass star, and a low-mass star will be presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Becker, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-55-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 135 BP 12 EP 21 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK82C UT WOS:000073481200002 ER PT B AU Deupree, DG AF Deupree, DG BE Bradley, PA Guzik, JA TI Two dimensional stellar evolution and hydrodynamics of rotating stars SO HALF CENTURY OF STELLAR PULSATION INTERPRETATIONS: A TRIBUTE TO ARTHUR N. COX SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on a Half Century of Stellar Pulsation Interpretations CY JUN 16-20, 1997 CL LOS ALAMOS, NM AB Using techniques I learned while a post-dec with Art, I have developed a fully implicit code capable of following the evolution and hydrodynamics of two-dimensional models on any timescale. This allows the calculation of both the evolution of rotating stars and instabilities which can alter the structure, composition, and angular momentum distribution of these stars. In this paper I present some results of calculations of hydrodynamic motion in and around the convective cores of an intermediate mass star. These hydrodynamic simulations show convective core overshooting and mixing to a distance about one-third pressure scale heights beyond the formal boundary of the convective core. The convective flow patterns can be appreciably altered by rotation with the result that the rotation rate is approximately constant on cylindrical surfaces. The rotation rate may also be expressed by a power law in the distance from the rotation axis in the convective core, with the provision that the rotation rate becomes constant interior to some point very close to the rotation axis. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Deupree, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-55-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 135 BP 73 EP 76 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK82C UT WOS:000073481200019 ER PT B AU Davis, CG AF Davis, CG BE Bradley, PA Guzik, JA TI Radiative transfer effects on the colors of RR Lyrae stars SO HALF CENTURY OF STELLAR PULSATION INTERPRETATIONS: A TRIBUTE TO ARTHUR N. COX SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on a Half Century of Stellar Pulsation Interpretations CY JUN 16-20, 1997 CL LOS ALAMOS, NM AB The methods of Davis & Cox (1980) are applied to a series of models described by Bone & Stellingwerf (1994) to determine the colors of RR Lyrae stars. Convection is ignored and the radiation flow is treated by a complete variable Eddington, multi-frequency dependent radiative transfer approximation. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Davis, CG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-55-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 135 BP 247 EP 248 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK82C UT WOS:000073481200067 ER PT B AU Rogers, FJ Iglesias, CA AF Rogers, FJ Iglesias, CA BE Bradley, PA Guzik, JA TI Capacity and the equation of state SO HALF CENTURY OF STELLAR PULSATION INTERPRETATIONS: A TRIBUTE TO ARTHUR N. COX SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on a Half Century of Stellar Pulsation Interpretations CY JUN 16-20, 1997 CL LOS ALAMOS, NM AB Recent opacity and equation of state calculations have improved the ability to model a wide range of stellar observations. A brief description of the new input physics is given. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Rogers, FJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-55-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 135 BP 254 EP 263 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK82C UT WOS:000073481200069 ER PT B AU Cox, AN Guzik, JA Soukup, MS Despain, KM AF Cox, AN Guzik, JA Soukup, MS Despain, KM BE Bradley, PA Guzik, JA TI Pulsations and outbursts of luminous blue variables SO HALF CENTURY OF STELLAR PULSATION INTERPRETATIONS: A TRIBUTE TO ARTHUR N. COX SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on a Half Century of Stellar Pulsation Interpretations CY JUN 16-20, 1997 CL LOS ALAMOS, NM AB We propose an outburst mechanism for the most luminous stars in our and other galaxies. These million solar luminosity stars, with masses (after earlier mass loss) between 20 and maybe 70 solar masses, are pulsationally unstable for both radial and low-degree nonradial modes. Some Of these modes are "strange," meaning mostly that the pulsations are concentrated near the stellar surface and have very rapid growth fates in linear theory. The pulsation driving is by both the high iron line opacity (near 150,000 K) and the helium opacity (near 30,000 K) kappa effects. Periods range from 5 to 40 days. Depending on the composition, pulsations periodically produce luminosities above the Eddington limit for deep layers. The radiative luminosity creates an outward push that readily eases the very low gamma envelope to very large outburst radii. A key point is that a super-Eddington luminosity cannot be taken up by the sluggish convection rapidly enough to prevent an outward acceleration of much of the envelope. As the helium abundance in the envelope stellar material increases by ordinary wind mass loss and the luminous blue variable outbursts, the opacity in the deep pulsation driving layers decreases. This makes the resultant Eddington luminosity even higher so that pulsations can then no longer produce radiative luminosities exceeding the limit. The lower mass and luminosity luminous blue variables have considerably less iron Line opacity driving, and pulsations are almost all caused by the helium ionization kappa effect. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Cox, AN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-55-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 135 BP 302 EP 306 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK82C UT WOS:000073481200079 ER PT B AU Bradley, PA AF Bradley, PA BE Bradley, PA Guzik, JA TI Seismological procedures for ZZ Ceti stars and an application to G 117-B15A SO HALF CENTURY OF STELLAR PULSATION INTERPRETATIONS: A TRIBUTE TO ARTHUR N. COX SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on a Half Century of Stellar Pulsation Interpretations CY JUN 16-20, 1997 CL LOS ALAMOS, NM AB We outline the procedure for seismological analysis of the ZZ Ceti stars, which are pulsating white dwarfs with hydrogen atmospheres. We use G 117-B15A as the example for this process and derive constraints on the mass and internal structure. The hydrogen layer mass is either about 10(-4)M* or 10(-7)M* depending on whether the l = 1 mode near 215 s is k = 2 or k = 1, respectively. In both cases, the best fitting mass is 0.60M(circle dot), in agreement with spectroscopic log g values. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, XTA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Bradley, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, XTA, MS B220, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-55-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 135 BP 451 EP 455 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK82C UT WOS:000073481200118 ER PT B AU Guzik, JA Templeton, MR Bradley, PA AF Guzik, JA Templeton, MR Bradley, PA BE Bradley, PA Guzik, JA TI The effects of metallicity on delta Scuti star asteroseismology SO HALF CENTURY OF STELLAR PULSATION INTERPRETATIONS: A TRIBUTE TO ARTHUR N. COX SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on a Half Century of Stellar Pulsation Interpretations CY JUN 16-20, 1997 CL LOS ALAMOS, NM C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Guzik, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 1-886733-55-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 1998 VL 135 BP 470 EP 474 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BK82C UT WOS:000073481200123 ER PT B AU Hawk, JA Amick, DD Dogan, CP AF Hawk, JA Amick, DD Dogan, CP BE Kumar, A Chung, YW Chia, RWJ TI Rapid air oxidation of a Ti-35Zr-10Nb alloy: Microstructure and wear behavior SO HARD COATINGS: BASED ON BORIDES, CARBIDES & NITRIDES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Hard Coatings Based on Borides, Carbides and Nitrides - Synthesis, Characterization and Applications at the 1998 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 16-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Design & Mfg Div, Surface Modificat & Coatings Technol Comm AB Rapid air oxidation (RAO) has been used to form hard, adherent, extremely wear resistant in situ oxide coatings on Ti-Zr-Nb substrates. The sliding wear behavior of these composite structures has been investigated under non-lubricated conditions using a WC-Co counter-face. The abrasion behavior has been investigated using single and multiple scratch techniques. The mechanisms of material removal for each wear test tribe-environment has been determined using scanning electron microscopy, and these results are discussed in terms of oxide integrity and its adherence to the Ti-Zr-Nb substrate. C1 US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Hawk, JA (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-389-9 PY 1998 BP 347 EP 358 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK53L UT WOS:000072465900031 ER PT B AU Krenn, CR Morris, JW Jhi, SH Ihm, J AF Krenn, CR Morris, JW Jhi, SH Ihm, J BE Kumar, A Chung, YW Chia, RWJ TI Relationships between atomistic bonding and intrinsic macroscopic hardness SO HARD COATINGS: BASED ON BORIDES, CARBIDES & NITRIDES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION & APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Hard Coatings Based on Borides, Carbides and Nitrides - Synthesis, Characterization and Applications at the 1998 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 16-19, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Mat Design & Mfg Div, Surface Modificat & Coatings Technol Comm AB Recent advances in the fundamental theory of bonding in solids and advances in computer hardware and computational techniques have produced more accurate predictive models of atomistic material properties. However, the functional relationships between intrinsic bulk hardness and atomistic properties-are not entirely clear. Several previously published relationships between bulk hardness and both atomistically calculated and experimentally measured elastic properties and lattice energies are compared and contrasted. The use of a simple model of the Peierls stress to predict measured hardnesses appears very promising. In metallic carbides and nitrides of the NaCl structure, hardness is found to scale more directly with the elastic shear modulus and calculated Peierls stress than with the bulk modulus. New calculations of the elastic properties of TiCxN1-x for x = (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) are also presented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krenn, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-389-9 PY 1998 BP 379 EP 388 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK53L UT WOS:000072465900034 ER PT S AU Lee, EY Brunett, BA Olsen, RW Van Scyoc, JM Hermon, H James, RB AF Lee, EY Brunett, BA Olsen, RW Van Scyoc, JM Hermon, H James, RB BE Doty, FP Hoover, RB TI Detection of electron and hole traps in CdZnTe radiation detectors by thermoelectric emission spectroscopy and thermally stimulated conductivity SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics and Applications CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE CdZnTe; radiation detector; x-ray detector; gamma-ray detector; trap; compensation; TSC; TEES; current-voltage; semiconductor radiation detector AB The electrical properties of CdZnTe radiation detectors are largely determined by the electron and hole traps in this material. The traps, in addition to degrading the detector performance, can function as dopants and determine the resistivity of the material. Thermoelectric emission spectroscopy and thermally stimulated conductivity are used to detect these traps in a commercially available spectrometer-grade CdZnTe detector, and the electrical resistivity is measured as a function of temperature. A deep electron trap having an energy of 695 meV and cross section of 8x10(-16) cm(2) is detected and three hole traps having energies of 70 +/- 20 meV, 105 +/- 30 meV and 694 +/- 162 meV are detected. A simple model based on these traps explains quantitatively all the data, including the electrical properties at room temperature and also their temperature dependence. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lee, EY (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Mat Res Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2901-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3446 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1117/12.312901 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BM19Z UT WOS:000078010800005 ER PT S AU Hermon, H Hackett, C Tarver, E Cross, E Yang, N James, RB Schieber, M Komar, V Kolesnikov, NN AF Hermon, H Hackett, C Tarver, E Cross, E Yang, N James, RB Schieber, M Komar, V Kolesnikov, NN BE Doty, FP Hoover, RB TI Studies of structural defects and impurities on CZT crystals SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics and Applications CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE CZT; electrical properties; IR transmission AB Various types of precipitates and grain boundaries have been studied in Cd1-xZnxTe (CZT). In this study we used elemental analysis methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microprobe analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP/MS) and the new laser ablation ICP/MS methods. Transient charge technique (TCT) was applied for the first time on CZT crystals for evaluating the electrical transport properties of semiconductors. Another method, IR transmission spectroscopy, enables us to evaluate the microstructure defects and then to correlate this with impurity level and electrical properties in order to have a better understanding of the requirements to improve the yield for large volume CZT spectrometers. We have evaluated crystals from the former Soviet Union (FSU), which have high concentrations of defects. Precipitates and grain boundaries rich with carbon were observed in CZT crystals. Electrical transport properties such as mu tau (mobility-lifetime product) were measured and correlated with the chemical physical defects, as observed by IR transmission. On crystals rich with many microstructures, as shown by IR transmission, lifetimes below 1 mu s were measured, compared with 5-15 mu s on the detector grade materials. SEM and microprobe analysis performed on the precipitates gave high values of carbon. However, using laser ablation ICP/MS, a value in the range of 200-800ppm for carbon was measured. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hermon, H (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2901-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3446 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1117/12.312903 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BM19Z UT WOS:000078010800007 ER PT S AU Amman, M Lee, JS Luke, PN AF Amman, M Lee, JS Luke, PN BE Doty, FP Hoover, RB TI Electron transport uniformity characterization of CdZnTe using alpha particles SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics and Applications CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE gamma-ray detector; coplanar grid; compound semiconductor; CdZnTe; electron transport characterization AB Novel electrode configurations, such as coplanar grids, have been successful in mitigating the effects of poor hole transport in CdZnTe gamma-ray detectors. However, poor material uniformity remains a major problem preventing the widespread application of such detectors in gamma-ray spectroscopy. Uniform electron transport is critical for achieving good gamma-ray detection performance in the coplanar-grid configuration. We have investigated the use of alpha-particle response as a quick and simple electron transport uniformity screening technique for material selection, and as a method to study other spectral broadening mechanisms in coplanar-grid detectors. The method consists of uniformly illuminating, with an alpha-particle source, the cathode side of the CdZnTe crystal in either a planar or a coplanar-grid detector configuration. In the planar geometry, the variation in the measured pulse heights is dictated in large part by the uniformity of the electron transport. An alpha-particle spectrum that has a single sharp peak with little background indicates uniform electron transport and, consequently, that the CdZnTe crystal should result in a coplanar-grid detector with good gamma-ray detection performance. In the coplanar geometry, the measured pulse-height variation provides information on additional sources of spectral broadening. In this paper we present the results of our study to measure the correlation between these simple alpha-particle measurements and the coplanar-grid gamma-ray detector response. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Amman, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2901-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3446 BP 179 EP 190 DI 10.1117/12.312890 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BM19Z UT WOS:000078010800018 ER PT S AU Ruhter, WD Lavietes, AD Clark, D AF Ruhter, WD Lavietes, AD Clark, D BE Doty, FP Hoover, RB TI Application of CZT detectors in nuclear materials safeguards SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics and Applications CY JUL 22-23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE CZT detector; gamma-ray spectrometry; uranium enrichment; verification; nuclear material safeguards AB High-resolution, gamma- and X-ray spectrometry are used routinely in nuclear materials safeguards verification measurements. These measurements are mostly performed with high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors, which require cooling at liquid-nitrogen temperatures, thus limiting their utility in field and unattended safeguards measurement applications. Sodium iodide (NaI) scintillation detectors do not require cooling, but their energy resolution (10% at 122 keV) is insufficient for many verification measurements. Semiconductor detectors that operate at room temperatures, such as cadmium-zinc-telluride (CZT) detectors, with energy resolution performance reaching 2.0% at 122 keV may be used for certain safeguards verification applications. We have developed hardware to utilize CZT detectors in X- and gamma-ray measurement systems and software to apply such a system in measuring U-235 enrichment for safeguards verification purposes. The paper reports an the CZT detector-based measurement system and measurement results obtained with it The paper also discusses work on additional improvements to broaden the applications of the system. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ruhter, WD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2901-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3446 BP 204 EP 209 DI 10.1117/12.312892 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Materials Science; Physics GA BM19Z UT WOS:000078010800020 ER PT J AU Kase, KR Mao, XS Nelson, WR Liu, JC Kleck, JH Elsalim, M AF Kase, KR Mao, XS Nelson, WR Liu, JC Kleck, JH Elsalim, M TI Neutron fluence and energy spectra around the Varian Clinac 2100C/2300C medical accelerator SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo; shielding; accelerators; neutrons ID RADIOTHERAPY ROOMS; FLUXES AB We have simulated the head geometry of a Varian Clinac 2100C/2300C medical accelerator in a Monte Carlo calculation to produce photoneutrons and transport them through the head shielding into a typical therapy room (modeled by a test cell at Varian Associates), The fast neutron leakage fluence and energy spectra have been calculated at 7 positions around the linac head for typical beam operation at 10, 15, 18 and 20 MV. The results of these calculations have been compared with limited measurements made using the same model accelerator operating in a Varian test cell. Calculations were also made for the fluence and energy spectra outside the head with no surrounding concrete walls, floor or ceiling to eliminate the effects of scattering from concrete, Comparisons were also made with calculations using a much simplified head geometry, The results indicate that the calculations using the complex head geometry compare, within the uncertainties, with the measurements, The simple head geometry leads to differences of a factor of 2 from the complex geometry. Results of these calculations can be used to calculate fast neutron transmission through various shielding configurations and through labyrinths. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Varian Corp, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. RP Mao, XS (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, PO Box 4349, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 20 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 74 IS 1 BP 38 EP 47 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YM718 UT WOS:000071093900006 PM 9415580 ER PT J AU Reichelt, RA Clay, ME Eichorst, AJ AF Reichelt, RA Clay, ME Eichorst, AJ TI Radioactive contamination incidents involving protective clothing SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE contamination; exposure, occupational; safety standards; operational topics AB The study focuses on incidents at Department of Energy facilities involving the migration of radioactive contaminants through protective clothing. The authors analyzed 68 occurrence reports for the following factors: (1) type of work; (2) working conditions; (3) type of anti-contamination material; (4) area of body or clothing contaminated; and (5) nature of spread of contamination. A majority of reports identified strenuous work activities such as maintenance, construction, or decontamination and decommissioning projects. The reports also indicated adverse working conditions that included hot and humid or cramped work environments. The type of anti-contamination clothing most often identified was cotton or water-resistant disposable clothing. Most of the reports also indicated contaminants migrating through perspiration-soaked areas, typically in the knees and forearms. On the basis of their survey, the authors recommend the use of improved engineering controls and resilient, breathable, waterproof protective clothing for work in hot, humid, or damp areas where the possibility of prolonged contact with contamination cannot be easily avoided or controlled. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reichelt, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 74 IS 1 BP 99 EP 107 DI 10.1097/00004032-199801000-00013 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YM718 UT WOS:000071093900014 PM 9415588 ER PT J AU Hutter, AR Knutson, EO AF Hutter, AR Knutson, EO TI An international intercomparison of soil gas radon and radon exhalation measurements SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radon; soil; Rn-222; Rn-220 AB The Environmental Measurements Laboratory hosted the Sixth International Radon Metrology Programme Intercomparison Test and Workshop (IRMP6) from 12-15 June 1995. Thirty participants representing 24 different institutions from 11 countries attended, Laboratory exercises consisted of Rn-220 and Rn-222 concentration measurements from a source container, and exhalation measurements from a Ra-226-spiked concrete slab and a "normal" concrete slab, Field exercises included soil gas radon measurements and radon exhalation measurements, In this report, we pooled the participants' data and used the ratio of the standard deviation (SD) to the arithmetic mean, expressed as a percentage, to assess participant agreement for each exercise, For the exhalation measurements from the Ra-226-spiked slab, this value is 37%; for soil gas Rn-222, this value is 120%, 36% and 27% for each depth range, 0.4-0.5, 0.6-0.75 and 0.9-1.0 m, respectively; for the surface exhalation measurements, this value is 34%. For the drum Rn-222 measurements, the percent SD after removing a linear trend was 13%. These results indicate that sampling errors are greater than instrument errors. C1 US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, New York, NY 10014 USA. RP Hutter, AR (reprint author), US DOE, Environm Measurements Lab, 201 Varick St,5th Floor, New York, NY 10014 USA. NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 74 IS 1 BP 108 EP 114 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YM718 UT WOS:000071093900015 PM 9415589 ER PT B AU Evans, GH Greif, R AF Evans, GH Greif, R BE Lee, JS TI Transport and deposition in MOCVD for thin film fabrication of high temperature superconductors SO HEAT TRANSFER 1998, VOL 5: GENERAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 23-28, 1998 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Soc Mech Engineers ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THERMAL-DIFFUSION AB Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) reactors for semiconductor growth are typically operated in the transport limited regime where the deposition shows a depletion (decreasing downstream) profile. In superconducting thin film growth by MOCVD the presence of very heavy reactant precursors can result in large thermal diffusion transport which can significantly change the deposition profile. The complex interactions of thermal diffusion, ordinary (multicomponent) concentration gradient diffusion, convection, and surface chemistry are examined in a horizontal channel reactor model. Three trace species and a reacting carrier gas enter the channel as a uniform mixture; reactions occur on a portion of the lower surface (the hot susceptor). Thermal diffusion causes the heavy reactants to move from regions of high to low temperature resulting in separation of the species whereas ordinary (multicomponent) concentration gradient diffusion tends to eliminate concentration gradients and hence opposes the effects of thermal diffusion. Results include 2D fields of temperature, species mole fraction, and convective and diffusive mass fluxes. Transverse profiles of mass fluxes due to convection, thermal diffusion, and concentration gradient diffusion, and the deposition rate on the lower heated surface are presented. Over a typical wafer dimension (7.5 cm) it is shown that uniform deposition in horizontal channel reactors is possible and in some cases even increases downstream; this promising result is in contrast to the usual depletion profile. For small surface reaction rates (reaction limited case) uniform deposition is obtained but the deposition rate is small and therefore impractical. Decreasing the flow rate is shown to yield significant depletion; increasing thermal diffusion in this case should lead to more uniform deposition. Uniform superconducting thin films can be fabricated with MOCVD using combinations of flow rate, surface chemistry, and thermal and concentration gradient diffusion. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat React Proc Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Evans, GH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat React Proc Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND PY 1998 BP 99 EP 104 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BQ70W UT WOS:000089221000017 ER PT B AU Houf, WG AF Houf, WG BE Lee, JS TI Simulation and optimization of low pressure chemical vapor deposition batch furnaces for microelectronics manufacturing SO HEAT TRANSFER 1998, VOL 5: GENERAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 23-28, 1998 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Soc Mech Engineers ID REACTORS; CVD; MODEL AB A two-dimensional axisymmetric model for low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) in a multiwafer batch reactor has been linked with an optimization analysis. The LPCVD model includes a rigorous description of multicomponent species transport, gas phase chemistry, surface chemistry, and convective heat transfer. The model has been designed to execute rapidly on a small computer workstation so that it may be used by semiconductor manufacturing companies to optimize LPCVD processes. The model has been used to simulate the deposition of silicon dioxide films from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) reactant gas. Predictions from the model are in good agreement with reactor deposition data from a commercial reactor. Simulations have been performed to explore optimum furnace temperature distributions and flowrates required to produce uniform deposition across the wafer stack in the furnace. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat React Proc Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Houf, WG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat React Proc Dept, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND PY 1998 BP 105 EP 110 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BQ70W UT WOS:000089221000018 ER PT B AU Winters, WS Evans, GH Greif, R AF Winters, WS Evans, GH Greif, R BE Lee, JS TI Convective heat transfer and flow stability in rotating disk CVD reactors SO HEAT TRANSFER 1998, VOL 5: GENERAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 23-28, 1998 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Soc Mech Engineers ID VAPOR-DEPOSITION REACTOR AB The flow and heat transfer of NH3 and He have been studied in a rotating disk reactor with applications to chemical vapor deposition systems. The effects of the important operating parameters were studied numerically over ranges of the primary dimensionless variables: the spin Reynolds number, Re-omega, the disk mixed convection parameter, MCPd and a new parameter, the wall mixed convection parameter, MCPd. Inlet velocities were set to the corresponding infinite rotating disk asymptotic velocity. Results (obtained primarily for NH3) show that increasing Re-omega from 314.5 to 3145 increases the uniformity of the rotating disk heat flux and yields thinner thermal boundary layers at the disk surface. At Re-omega = 314.5, increasing MCPd to 15 leads to significant departure from the infinite disk result with nonuniform disk heat fluxes and recirculating flow patterns. At Re-omega = 3145, the results are closer to the infinite disk for MCPd up to 15. For large values of MCPw, the flow recirculates and there is significant deviation from the infinite disk result. The influence of MCPw on flow stability is increased at larger;MCPd and lower Re-omega. The results show that because of variable transport properties, the flow of NH3 is less stable than that of He as MCPd is increased for MCPw = 0 and Re-omega = 314.5. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Computat React Proc Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Winters, WS (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Computat React Proc Dept, POB 969, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND PY 1998 BP 163 EP 168 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BQ70W UT WOS:000089221000028 ER PT B AU Oh, CH Kochan, RJ AF Oh, CH Kochan, RJ BE Lee, JS TI Modeling of hydrothermal oxidation for hazardous wastes SO HEAT TRANSFER 1998, VOL 7: GENERAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 23-28, 1998 CL KYONGJU, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Soc Mech Engineers AB Hydrothermal oxidation (HTO) has shown promise for destructing most industrial wastes by converting their organics constituents into pollution-free carbon dioxide, and water at conditions that exceed the critical point of water (Tc=374 degrees C, Pc=218 atm). The main advantage of operating above the critical temperature of water is that organic compound, oxygen, and water exist in a single homogeneous fluid phase at these conditions. This single phase environment ensures intimate contact of the reactants. The miscibility of organics and oxygen with supercritical water guarantees the absence of interphase mass transport limitations for HTO. This is the main reason HTO can result in 99.999% destruction efficiencies of most organics waste from the chemical, petroleum, pharmaceutical, textile, paper and pulp industries. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Oh, CH (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, 2525 Fremont Ave, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND PY 1998 BP 463 EP 467 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA BQ70Y UT WOS:000089221200076 ER PT B AU Littenberg, L AF Littenberg, L BE Bigi, I Moroni, L TI Rare K decays SO HEAVY FLAVOUR PHYSICS: A PROBE OF NATURE'S GRAND DESIGN SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ENRICO FERMI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International School of Physics Enrico Fermi on the Heavy Flavour Physics - A Probe of Natures Grand Design CY JUL 08-18, 1997 CL VARENNA LAKE COMO, ITALY SP Italian Phys Soc ID KAON DECAYS; K->PI-NU(NU)OVER-BAR; MATRIX C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Littenberg, L (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5199-464-8 J9 P INT SCH PHYS PY 1998 VL 137 BP 33 EP 38 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BM72L UT WOS:000079608800003 ER PT S AU Bentley, J Wittig, JE Nolan, TP AF Bentley, J Wittig, JE Nolan, TP BE Bain, J Levy, M Lorenzo, J Nolan, T Okamura, Y Rubin, K Stadler, B Wolfe, R TI Quantitative measurements of segregation in Co-Cr-X magnetic recording media by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy SO HIGH-DENSITY MAGNETIC RECORDING AND INTEGRATED MAGNETO-OPTICS: MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium L on Materials for High-Density Magnetic Recording / Symposium M on Integrated Magneto-Optics at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 12-16, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Commonwealth Sci Corp, Headway Technol, IBM Corp, Intevac, Komag Inc, Seagate Corp, Stor Media AB Reliable core-loss spectroscopic methods have been developed for mapping elemental segregation in Co-Cr-X magnetic recording media by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy. Extraction of quantitative compositions at a spatial resolution approaching 1 nm involves sophisticated treatments for diffraction contrast, variations in specimen thickness, and closely-spaced oxygen K and chromium L-23 ionization edges. These methods reveal that intergranular chromium levels are similar to 25 at.% for random-angle boundaries and similar to 25 at.% for 90 degrees boundaries in films of Co84Cr12Ta4 d.c. magnetron sputtered at 250 degrees C. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bentley, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-423-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 517 BP 205 EP 210 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Materials Science; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BL83P UT WOS:000076893400031 ER PT S AU Anders, S Bhatia, CS Fong, W Lo, RY Bogy, DB AF Anders, S Bhatia, CS Fong, W Lo, RY Bogy, DB BE Bain, J Levy, M Lorenzo, J Nolan, T Okamura, Y Rubin, K Stadler, B Wolfe, R TI Application of cathodic arc deposited amorphous hard carbon films to the head/disk tribology SO HIGH-DENSITY MAGNETIC RECORDING AND INTEGRATED MAGNETO-OPTICS: MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium L on Materials for High-Density Magnetic Recording / Symposium M on Integrated Magneto-Optics at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 12-16, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Commonwealth Sci Corp, Headway Technol, IBM Corp, Intevac, Komag Inc, Seagate Corp, Stor Media AB Amorphous hard carbon films deposited by filtered cathodic are deposition exhibit very high hardness and elastic modulus, high mass density, low coefficient of friction, and the films are very smooth. All these properties are beneficial to applications of these films for the head/disk interface tribology. The properties of cathodic are deposited amorphous carbon films are summarized, and they are compared to sputter deposited, hydrogenated (CHx), and nitrogenated (CNx) carbon films which are the present choice for hard disk and slider coatings. New developments in cathodic are coaters are discussed which are of interest to the disk drive industry. Experiments on the nanotribology, mass density and hardness, corrosion behavior, and tribochemical behavior of cathodic are films are reported. A number of applications of cathodic are deposited films to hard disk and slider coatings are described. It is shown that their tribological performance is considerably better compared to CHx and CNx films. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anders, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Raoux, Simone/G-3920-2016 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-423-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 517 BP 371 EP 382 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Materials Science; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BL83P UT WOS:000076893400054 ER PT S AU Anders, S Stammler, T Bhatia, CS Stohr, J Fong, W Chen, CY Bogy, DB AF Anders, S Stammler, T Bhatia, CS Stohr, J Fong, W Chen, CY Bogy, DB BE Bain, J Levy, M Lorenzo, J Nolan, T Okamura, Y Rubin, K Stadler, B Wolfe, R TI Study of hard disk and slider surfaces using X-ray Photoemission Electron Microscopy and Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure spectroscopy SO HIGH-DENSITY MAGNETIC RECORDING AND INTEGRATED MAGNETO-OPTICS: MATERIALS AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium L on Materials for High-Density Magnetic Recording / Symposium M on Integrated Magneto-Optics at the MRS Spring Meeting CY APR 12-16, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc, Commonwealth Sci Corp, Headway Technol, IBM Corp, Intevac, Komag Inc, Seagate Corp, Stor Media AB X-ray Photo Emission Electron Microscopy (X-PEEM) and Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy were applied to study the properties of amorphous hard carbon overcoats on disks and sliders, and the properties of the lubricant. The modification of lubricants after performing thermal desorption studies was measured by NEXAFS, and the results are compared to thermal desorption data. The study of lubricant degradation in wear tracks is described. Sliders were investigated before and after wear test, and the modification of the slider coating as well as the transfer of lubricant to the slider was studied. The studies show that the lubricant is altered chemically during the wear. Fluorine is removed and carboxyl groups are formed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Anders, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Raoux, Simone/G-3920-2016 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-423-8 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 517 BP 415 EP 420 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Materials Science; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BL83P UT WOS:000076893400059 ER PT S AU Ding, CHQ Lyster, PM Larson, JW Guo, J da Silva, A AF Ding, CHQ Lyster, PM Larson, JW Guo, J da Silva, A BE Sloot, P Bubak, M Hertzberger, B TI Atmospheric data assimilation on distributed-memory parallel supercomputers SO HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND NETWORKING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference and Exhibition on High-Performance Computing and Networking CY APR 21-23, 1998 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS AB Atmospheric data such as temperature, moisture, winds, etc., collected by satellites and direct measuements from upper-air instruments, ground observation stations provide only partial information about the atmosphere. They are assimilated to numerical forecasts to provide a coherent, evolving state of the global atmosphere. The data analysis system, the Physical-space Statistical Analysis System (PSAS) developed at the Data Assimilation Office at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, requires computing resources far beyond the capabilities of even the state-of-the-art vector supercomputers. Here we describe an efficient and scalable implementation of the PSAS on distributed-memory massively parallel supercomputers such as Intel Paragon and Gray T3E; the implementations achieves superb performance as demonstrated by detailed performance analysis of systematic runs on up to 512 processors on Paragon, T3D and T3E. Consequently, the solution time is reduced to 24.6 seconds on 512-PE T3E from 5 hours on a single head of Gray C90 for a real problem of 80,000 observations, a 740-fold reduction of turn-around time. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, Interdisciplinary Ctr Earth Syst Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Data Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20071 USA. RP Ding, CHQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI da Silva, Arlindo/D-6301-2012 OI da Silva, Arlindo/0000-0002-3381-4030 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-64443-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1998 VL 1401 BP 115 EP 124 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BM08P UT WOS:000077581300013 ER PT S AU Ding, CHQ AF Ding, CHQ BE Sloot, P Bubak, M Hertzberger, B TI Evaluations of HPF for practical scientific algorithms on T3E SO HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND NETWORKING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference and Exhibition on High-Performance Computing and Networking CY APR 21-23, 1998 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS AB HPF coding examples of practical scientific algorithms are examined in detail, with the idea that on these simple but non-trivial examples, we can fairly well understand issues related to different data distributions, different parallel constructs, and different programming styles (static vs dynamic allocations). Coding examples include 2D stencils solution of PDEs, N-body problem, LW factorization, several vector/matrix library routines, 2D and 3D array redistribution. The performances of HPF codes are close to hand-written message passing MPI codes, for LU factorization, vector/matrix routines, array redistributions. But for less regular data/communication patterns, the stencils calculation and the N-body problem, HPF codes perform considerably less efficient, about 2-4 times slower. Scaling of HPF codes is not as good as MPI codes. Some of the HPF codes performances are highly inconsistent, i.e., minor change of code could results in factor of 10 change in performance. Many peculiarities of HPF coding will be discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ding, CHQ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Energy Res Sci Comp Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-64443-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1998 VL 1401 BP 223 EP 232 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BM08P UT WOS:000077581300024 ER PT S AU Donato, JM Schryver, JC Hinkel, GC Schmoyer, RL Grady, NW Leuze, MR AF Donato, JM Schryver, JC Hinkel, GC Schmoyer, RL Grady, NW Leuze, MR BE Sloot, P Bubak, M Hertzberger, B TI Mining multi-dimensional data for decision support SO HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND NETWORKING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference and Exhibition on High-Performance Computing and Networking CY APR 21-23, 1998 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS ID NETWORKS C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Joint Inst Computat Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Donato, JM (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-64443-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1998 VL 1401 BP 489 EP 497 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BM08P UT WOS:000077581300051 ER PT S AU Carretero, J No, J Park, SS Choudhary, A Chen, P AF Carretero, J No, J Park, SS Choudhary, A Chen, P BE Sloot, P Bubak, M Hertzberger, B TI COMPASSION: A parallel I/O runtime system including chunking and compression for irregular applications SO HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND NETWORKING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference and Exhibition on High-Performance Computing and Networking CY APR 21-23, 1998 CL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS AB In this paper we present two designs, namely, "Collective I/O" and "Pipelined Collective I/O", of a runtime library for irregular applications based on the two-phase collective I/O technique. We also present the optimization of both models by using chunking and compression mechanisms. In the first scheme, all processors participate in compressions and I/O at the same time, making scheduling of I/O requests simpler but creating a possibility of contention at the I/O nodes. In the second approach, processors are grouped into several groups, overlapping communication, compression, and I/O to reduce I/O contention dynamically. Finally, evaluation results are shown that demonstrates that we can obtain significantly high-performance for I/O above what has been possible so far. C1 Univ Politecn Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Carretero, J (reprint author), Univ Politecn Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. RI Choudhary, Alok/C-5486-2009 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-64443-1 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1998 VL 1401 BP 668 EP 677 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Medical Informatics GA BM08P UT WOS:000077581300069 ER PT S AU Petra, M Miley, GH AF Petra, M Miley, GH BE Phipps, CR TI Thermal blooming in NPLs SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION, PTS 1-2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation CY APR 26-30, 1998 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Univ Illinois, Fus Studies Lab, NE Sci & Technol Inc, Photon Associates Inc, F2 Associates Inc DE nuclear-pumped laser; thermal blooming; thermal lensing; combination volume-wall pumping AB Nuclear-pumped lasers ((NPLs) potentially offer an attractive method for high power laser applications such as a space power beaming. However, thermal gradients created by the pumping of the ion medium are producing a dynamic thermal blooming which must be understood and controlled for accurate beam control and focusing. In this paper, basic experimental studies of blooming under a variety of conditions are presented. It is shown that one promising approach for reducing the effect is to employ a combined volume-wall pumping technique. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60440 USA. RP Petra, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60440 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2790-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3343 BP 242 EP 253 DI 10.1117/12.321511 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL80U UT WOS:000076793000024 ER PT S AU Goldman, SR Wilke, MD Green, REL Busch, GE Johnson, RP AF Goldman, SR Wilke, MD Green, REL Busch, GE Johnson, RP BE Phipps, CR TI Two dimensional simulation of high power laser-surface interaction SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION, PTS 1-2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation CY APR 26-30, 1998 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Univ Illinois, Fus Studies Lab, NE Sci & Technol Inc, Photon Associates Inc, F2 Associates Inc DE laser matter interaction; ablation modeling AB For laser intensities in the range of 10(8)-10(9) W/cm(2), and pulse lengths of order 10 mu sec or longer, we have modified the inertial confinement fusion code Lasnex to simulate gaseous and some dense material aspects of the laser-matter interaction. The unique aspect of our treatment consists of an ablation model which defines a dense material-vapor interface and then calculates the mass flow across this interface. The model treats the dense material as a rigid two-dimensional mass and heat reservoir suppressing all hydrodynamic motion in the dense material. The computer simulations and additional post-processors provide predictions for measurements including impulse given to the target, pressures at the target interface, electron temperatures and densities in the vapor-plasma plume region, and emission of radiation from the target. We will present an analysis of some relatively well diagnosed experiments which have been useful in developing our modeling. The simulations match experimentally obtained target impulses, pressures at the target surface inside the laser spot, and radiation emission from the target to within about 20%. Hence our simulational technique appears to form a useful basis for further investigation of laser-surface interaction in this intensity, pulse-width range. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Goldman, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2790-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3343 BP 448 EP 457 DI 10.1117/12.321583 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL80U UT WOS:000076793000047 ER PT S AU Albrecht, GF Sutton, SB George, EV Sooy, WR Krupke, WF AF Albrecht, GF Sutton, SB George, EV Sooy, WR Krupke, WF BE Phipps, CR TI The heat capacity disk laser SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION, PTS 1-2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation CY APR 26-30, 1998 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Univ Illinois, Fus Studies Lab, NE Sci & Technol Inc, Photon Associates Inc, F2 Associates Inc C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Albrecht, GF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508,L-290, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2790-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3343 BP 661 EP 666 DI 10.1117/12.321589 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL80U UT WOS:000076793000068 ER PT S AU Jia, QX AF Jia, QX BE Phipps, CR TI Pulsed laser deposition of metal oxide thin films SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION, PTS 1-2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation CY APR 26-30, 1998 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Univ Illinois, Fus Studies Lab, NE Sci & Technol Inc, Photon Associates Inc, F2 Associates Inc DE pulsed laser deposition; conductive oxides; RuO2; SrRuO3 AB Pulsed laser deposition (PLD), which provides very unique features compared to the conventional physical vapor deposition technique such as sputtering, is one of the most powerful techniques to deposit conductive oxide thin films. Over the past several years, we have optimized the processing conditions to deposit high quality conductive RuO2 and SrRuO3 thin films by PLD. We show that the substrate temperature during the deposition process plays an important role in determining the structural and electrical properties of these films. Epitaxial RuO2 and SrRuO3 thin films with a room-temperature resistivity of 35 mu Ohm-cm and 280 mu Ohm-cm, respectively, have been successfully deposited by PLD. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Jia, QX (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Superconduct Technol Ctr, Mail Stop K763, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2790-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3343 BP 872 EP 876 DI 10.1117/12.321615 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL80U UT WOS:000076793000093 ER PT S AU Muenchausen, RE AF Muenchausen, RE BE Phipps, CR TI Pulsed laser deposition: prospects for commercial deposition of epitaxial films SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION, PTS 1-2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation CY APR 26-30, 1998 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Univ Illinois, Fus Studies Lab, NE Sci & Technol Inc, Photon Associates Inc, F2 Associates Inc AB In this paper we briefly define pulsed laser deposition, current applications, research directed at gaining a better understanding of the pulsed laser deposition process, and suggest some future directions to enable commercial applications. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Muenchausen, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS E546, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2790-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3343 BP 877 EP 884 DI 10.1117/12.321616 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL80U UT WOS:000076793000094 ER PT S AU Siegal, MP Martinez-Miranda, LJ DiNardo, NJ Tallant, DR Barbour, JC Provencio, PN AF Siegal, MP Martinez-Miranda, LJ DiNardo, NJ Tallant, DR Barbour, JC Provencio, PN BE Phipps, CR TI Characterization of amorphous carbon films grown by pulsed-laser deposition SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION, PTS 1-2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation CY APR 26-30, 1998 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Univ Illinois, Fus Studies Lab, NE Sci & Technol Inc, Photon Associates Inc, F2 Associates Inc DE amorphous carbon; pulsed-laser deposition; density; electron emission AB Amorphous carbon (a-C) films grow via energetic processes such as pulsed-laser deposition(PLD). The cold-cathode electron emission properties of a-C are promising for flat-panel display and vacuum microelectronics technologies. These ultrahard films consist of a mixture of 3-fold and 4-fold coordinated carbon atoms, resulting in an amorphous material with "diamond-like" properties. We study the structures of a-C films grown at room temperature as a function of PLD energetics using x-ray reflectivity, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. While an understanding of the electron emission mechanism in a-C films remains elusive, the onset of emission is typically preceded by "conditioning" where the material is stressed by an applied electric field. To simulate conditioning and assess its effect, we use the spatially-localized field and current of a scanning tunneling microscope tip. Scanning force microscopy shows that conditioning alters surface morphology and electronic structure.; Spatially-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy indicates that the predominant bonding configuration changes from predominantly 4-fold to 3-fold coordination. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Siegal, MP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2790-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3343 BP 885 EP 894 DI 10.1117/12.321617 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL80U UT WOS:000076793000095 ER PT S AU Bulock, AB Bolton, PR AF Bulock, AB Bolton, PR BE Phipps, CR TI Laser-induced back-ablation of aluminum thin films using picosecond laser pulses SO HIGH-POWER LASER ABLATION, PTS 1-2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Laser Ablation CY APR 26-30, 1998 CL SANTA FE, NM SP SPIE, Univ Illinois, Fus Studies Lab, NE Sci & Technol Inc, Photon Associates Inc, F2 Associates Inc DE ablation; short-pulse; laser; picosecond; back-ablation; breakdown AB A study of Laser-Induced Back-Ablation of Aluminum thin film targets with picosecond laser pulses is reported. Ablated plume edge velocities are studied as a function of film thickness, laser pulsewidth, and incident laser fluence. Edge velocity results are compared to a model of total transmitted fluence incident at the substrate/film interface. A model including laser-induced avalanche ionization and multi-photon ionization mechanisms in the substrate shows a transmitted fluence limit which coincides with observed edge velocity limits. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Bulock, AB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2790-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3343 BP 1041 EP 1048 DI 10.1117/12.321549 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL80U UT WOS:000076793000112 ER PT S AU Moran, BD Dane, CB Crane, J Martinez, M Penko, F Hackel, L AF Moran, BD Dane, CB Crane, J Martinez, M Penko, F Hackel, L BE Basu, S TI Suppression of parasitics and pencil beams in the high-gain National Ignition Facility multi-pass preamplifier SO HIGH-POWER LASERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Lasers CY JAN 27-28, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE NIF; ND : glass; MOPA; amplifier; parasitics; high gain; pencil beams AB The multi-pass amplifier (MPA) is the last subsystem of the NIF1 preamplifier, which feeds the main amplification stages of the NIF beamline. The MPA is based on a flashlamp pumped 5-cm diameter by 48 cm long Nd:glass rod amplifier operated at a single pass small signal gain of 15 to 17. The MPA is an off-axis multi-pass image relayed system, which uses two gain isolating image relaying telescopes and passive polarization switching using a Faraday rotator to output the pulse. We describe the MPA system, techniques used to avoid parasitic oscillation at high gain and suppression of pencil beams. The system is used to generate a well-conditioned 22-joule output from one millijoule input. The output pulse requirements include 22 joules in a square, flat topped beam, and with near field spatial contrast of <5% RMS, square pulse temporal distortion <2.3, and an RMS energy stability of <3%. All of these requirements have been exceeded. The largest impediment to successful operation was overcoming parasitic oscillation. Sources of oscillation could be generally divided into two categories: those due to birefringence, which compromised the polarization contrast of the system; and those due to unwanted reflections fi om optical surfaces. Baffling in the vacuum spatial filters (VSF) helps to control the system sensitivity to unwanted stray reflections from fiat AR coated surfaces. Stress birefringence in the rather large glass volume of the rod (942 cm(3)) and the four vacuum loaded lenses are significant, as each of these elements is double passed between each polarizing beam splitter pass. This lowers the polarization contrast of the system, which can prevent the system from operating at sufficient gain. Careful analysis and layout of the MPA architecture has allowed us to address the challenges posed by a system small signal gain of approximate to 33000 and with an output pulse of as high as 27 joules. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Moran, BD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-500, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2703-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3264 BP 56 EP 64 DI 10.1117/12.311919 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL36K UT WOS:000075285000009 ER PT S AU Tietbohl, GL Bell, PM Hamilton, RM Horner, JB Horton, RL Ludwigsen, AP Miller, JL Olson, WH Patel, CS Pennington, DM Vergino, MD Weiland, TL AF Tietbohl, GL Bell, PM Hamilton, RM Horner, JB Horton, RL Ludwigsen, AP Miller, JL Olson, WH Patel, CS Pennington, DM Vergino, MD Weiland, TL BE Basu, S TI Engineering the Petawatt laser into Nova SO HIGH-POWER LASERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Lasers CY JAN 27-28, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE Petawatt; Nova; laser; project; engineering AB The engineering process of integrating the Petawatt (10(15) watts) laser system into the existing 30 kJ (UV) Nova laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is described in detail. The nanosecond-long, chirped Petawatt laser pulse is initially generated in a separate master oscillator room and then injected into one of Nova's 10 beamlines. There, the pulse is further amplified and enlarged to similar to phi 60 cm, temporally compressed under vacuum to <500 fs using large diameter diffraction gratings, and then finally focused onto targets using a parabolic mirror. The major Petawatt components are physically large which created many significant engineering challenges in design, installation and implementation. These include the diffraction gratings and mirrors, vacuum compressor chamber, target chamber, and parabolic focusing mirror. Other Petawatt system components were also technically challenging and include: an injection beamline, transport spatial filters, laser diagnostics, alignment components, motor controls, interlocks, timing and synchronization systems, support structures, and vacuum systems. The entire Petawatt laser system was designed, fabricated, installed, and activated while the Nova laser continued its normal two-shift operation. This process required careful engineering and detailed planning to prevent experimental downtime and to complete the project on schedule. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tietbohl, GL (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2703-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3264 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1117/12.311901 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL36K UT WOS:000075285000010 ER PT S AU Yakuma, SC Grasz, EL Rowe, AW Yourchenko, G Swan, DA Robles, GM AF Yakuma, SC Grasz, EL Rowe, AW Yourchenko, G Swan, DA Robles, GM BE Basu, S TI Transport and handling of National Ignition Facility beamline optic modules SO HIGH-POWER LASERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Lasers CY JAN 27-28, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Installing the thousands of optics that make up the laser for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is a complex operation. This paper introduces the Optical Transport and Material Handling designs that will be used to deliver the optics. The transport and handling hardware is being designed to allow autonomous, semiautonomous, and manual operations. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, Operat Engn Team, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Yakuma, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, Operat Engn Team, POB 808,L-447, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2703-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3264 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1117/12.311902 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL36K UT WOS:000075285000011 ER PT S AU Hurst, PA Grasz, EL Wong, H Schmitt, EH Simmons, MR AF Hurst, PA Grasz, EL Wong, H Schmitt, EH Simmons, MR BE Basu, S TI Optical assembly and alignment for the National Ignition Facility project SO HIGH-POWER LASERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Lasers CY JAN 27-28, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB The National Ignition Facility (NIF) will use about 8,000 large optics to carry a high-power laser through a stadium-size building, and will do so on a very tight schedule and budget. The collocated Optics Assembly Building (OAB) will assemble and align, in a clean-room environment, the NIF's large optics, which are the biggest optics ever assembled in such an environment. In addition, the OAB must allow for just-in-time processing and clean transfer to the areas where the optics will be used. By using a mixture of off-the-shelf and newly designed equipment and by working with industry, we have developed innovative handling systems to perform the clean assembly and precise alignment required for the full variety of optics, as well as for postassembly inspection. We have also developed a set of loading mechanisms that safely get the clean optics to their places in the main NIF building. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, Operat Engn Team, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hurst, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Natl Ignit Facil, Operat Engn Team, POB 808,L-447, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2703-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3264 BP 86 EP 92 DI 10.1117/12.311903 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL36K UT WOS:000075285000012 ER PT S AU Williams, WH Auerbach, JM Henesian, MA Lawson, JK Hunt, JT Sacks, RA Widmayer, CC AF Williams, WH Auerbach, JM Henesian, MA Lawson, JK Hunt, JT Sacks, RA Widmayer, CC BE Basu, S TI Modeling characterization of the National Ignition Facility focal spot SO HIGH-POWER LASERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Lasers CY JAN 27-28, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE National Ignition Facility; NIF; focal spot simulations; high-power lasers AB The predicted focal spot size of the National Ignition Facility laser is parameterized against the finish quality of the optics in the system. Results are reported from simulations which include static optics aberrations, as well as pump-induced distortions, beam self-focusing, and the effect of an adaptive optic. The simulations do not include contributions from optics mounting errors, residual thermal noise in laser slabs from previous shots, air turbulence, a kinoform phase plate, or smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD). Consequently, these results represent "first shot of the day", without-SSD, predictions. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Williams, WH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 5508, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2703-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3264 BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1117/12.311904 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL36K UT WOS:000075285000013 ER PT S AU Stolz, CJ Sheehan, LM Maricle, SM Schwartz, S Kozlowski, MR Jennings, RT Hue, J AF Stolz, CJ Sheehan, LM Maricle, SM Schwartz, S Kozlowski, MR Jennings, RT Hue, J BE Basu, S TI Laser conditioning methods of hafnia silica multilayer mirrors SO HIGH-POWER LASERS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High-Power Lasers CY JAN 27-28, 1998 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE laser conditioning; laser-induced damage; laser damage morphology; hafnia-silica multilayer coating AB Large aperture multilayer hafnia silica high reflector coatings at 1064 nm, deposited by reactive electron-beam deposition, were prepared to examine different laser conditioning methods for manufacturing high fluence optics in the National Ignition Facility. Laser conditioning is a process where the damage threshold of the coating is increased or the damage that is created is minimized so that it does not grow upon further irradiation. Two laser conditioning methods were examined for coatings deposited from only oxide starting materials. Off-line laser conditioning consists of raster scanning a mirror past a 1 mm diameter Gaussian beam over the entire clear aperture; a process that takes approximately 24 hours per scan. On-Line laser conditioning consisted of a large aperture 300 mm x 300 mm beam from the Beamlet laser that irradiated the entire full clear aperture of a series of mirrors; a process that was limited by a 2-4 hour shot rate. In both cases a six-step process was used with the mirror first irradiated at a low fluence, then successively higher fluences increased in equal increments up to the peak laser operating fluence. Mirrors that were only partially laser conditioned damaged catastrophically while fully conditioned mirrors survived fluences exceeding the safe operating Beamlet fluence. An alternative off-line laser conditioning method was examined for coatings deposited from hafnia or metallic hafnium sources. Single-step laser conditioning consists of off-line raster scanning an optic at the peak operating fluence, thus decreasing the laser conditioning cost by reducing the number of scans and required laser conditioning stations to process all the miners for the National Ignition Facility. Between pulses the optic is stepped approximately one fourth of the 1/e(2) Gaussian beam diameter so each area of the coating is irradiated by different segments of the beam starting at a low fluence at the outer edge of the beam diameter and increasing to the peak fluence in the center of the beam. The one-step conditioning results appear positive, but the influence of the coating improvements due to the metallic hafnium process on laser conditioning is undefined. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Stolz, CJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808,L-487, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2703-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3264 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1117/12.311905 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL36K UT WOS:000075285000014 ER PT S AU Li, MF Yu, PY AF Li, MF Yu, PY BE Suski, T Paul, W TI High-pressure study of DX centers using capacitance techniques SO HIGH PRESSURE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS I SE Semiconductors and Semimetals LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE-U PROPERTY; PERSISTENT-PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; TRANSIENT SPECTROSCOPY; ALXGA1-XAS ALLOYS; DOPED ALXGA1-XAS; GAAS; SI; SEMICONDUCTORS; EMISSION C1 Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect Engn, Singapore 117548, Singapore. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Li, MF (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect Engn, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 117548, Singapore. NR 57 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0080-8784 BN 0-12-752162-3 J9 SEMICONDUCT SEMIMET JI Semicond. Sdemimet. PY 1998 VL 54 BP 457 EP 484 DI 10.1016/S0080-8784(08)60234-3 PG 28 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BM68H UT WOS:000079453600006 ER PT S AU Dane, CB Hackel, LA AF Dane, CB Hackel, LA BE Wentzcovitch, RM Hemley, RJ Nellis, WJ Yu, PY TI Laser peening of metals - Enabling laser technology SO HIGH-PRESSURE MATERIALS RESEARCH SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on High-Pressure Materials Research CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Laser shot peening, a surface treatment for metals, is shown to induce compressive residual stresses of over 0.040 inch to provide improved resistance to vairous forms of failure. A solid state laser technology employing Nd:glass slabs and phase conjugation enables this process to move into high throughput production processing. Details of the technology are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dane, CB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-404-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 499 BP 73 EP 85 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Geology; Materials Science; Physics GA BL93F UT WOS:000077192000006 ER PT S AU Gray, GT AF Gray, GT BE Wentzcovitch, RM Hemley, RJ Nellis, WJ Yu, PY TI Shock-induced defects in bulk materials SO HIGH-PRESSURE MATERIALS RESEARCH SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on High-Pressure Materials Research CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB In this paper examples of the shock-induced defects produced during shock compression which correlate with microstructure / mechanical property changes induced in materials due to shock prestraining are discussed. The characteristics of the shock impulse(peak shock pressure, pulse duration, and rarefaction rate) imparted to the material under investigation and the shock-induced defects produced in numerous metals and alloys are compared with their deformation behavior at ordinary rates of deformation. Examples of the range of defects observed in shock-recovered metals and alloys, include: dislocations, deformation twins, point defects, and residual metastable remnants from pressure-induced phase transformations. Results concerning the influence of interstitial content on the propensity of omega-phase formation and its structure in high-purity and A-70 Ti are presented. The influence of shock-wave deformation on the phase stability and substructure evolution of high-purity (low-interstitial) titanium and A-70 (3700 ppm oxygen) titanium were probed utilizing real-time velocity interferometry (VISAR) and "soft" shock-recovery techniques. Suppression of the alpha-omega pressure-induced phase transformation in A-70 Ti, containing a high interstitial oxygen content, is seen to simultaneously correspond with the suppression of deformation twinning. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Gray, GT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-404-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 499 BP 87 EP 98 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Geology; Materials Science; Physics GA BL93F UT WOS:000077192000007 ER PT S AU Barbee, TW Young, DA Rogers, FJ AF Barbee, TW Young, DA Rogers, FJ BE Wentzcovitch, RM Hemley, RJ Nellis, WJ Yu, PY TI Equation of state of warm condensed matter SO HIGH-PRESSURE MATERIALS RESEARCH SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on High-Pressure Materials Research CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Recent advances in computational condensed matter theory have yielded accurate calculations of properties of materials. These calculations have, for the most part, focused on the low temperature (T=0) limit. An accurate determination of the equation of state (EOS) at finite temperature also requires knowledge of the behavior of the electron and ion thermal pressure as a function of T. Current approaches often interpolate between calculated T=0 results and approximations valid in the high T limit. Plasma physics-based approaches are accurate in the high temperature limit, but lose accuracy below T similar to T-Fermi We seek to "connect up" these two regimes by using ab initio finite temperature methods (including linear-response[1] based phonon calculations) to derive an equation of state of condensed matter for T less than or equal to T-Fermi. We will present theoretical results for the principal Hugoniot of shocked materials, including carbon and aluminum, up to pressures P>100 GPa and temperatures T> 10(4)K, and compare our results with available experimental data. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Barbee, TW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-404-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 499 BP 105 EP 111 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Geology; Materials Science; Physics GA BL93F UT WOS:000077192000009 ER PT S AU Ree, FH Viecelli, JA van Thiel, M AF Ree, FH Viecelli, JA van Thiel, M BE Wentzcovitch, RM Hemley, RJ Nellis, WJ Yu, PY TI Supercritical fluid phase separations induced by chemical reactions SO HIGH-PRESSURE MATERIALS RESEARCH SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on High-Pressure Materials Research CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Statistical mechanical studies predict that a chemically reactive system containing species composed of C, H, N, O atoms can exhibit a phase separation into a N-2-rich and a Na-poor phase. The present work is concerned with the effect of the fluid phase separation upon addition of F atoms to the system. Our study shows that F atoms mainly appear as a constituent of HF in a N-2-poor fluid phase up to a certain pressure beyond which they occur as CF4 in a N-2-rich phase and that the phase separation may be abrupt in a thermodynamic sense. The pressure at the phase boundary can occur at about 30 GPa at 3000 K and about 10 Cpa to 20 Cpa at 1000 K. Some of these ranges may be accessible by present-day experimental high-pressure techniques. We discuss implications of this study to detonation physics. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ree, FH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-404-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 499 BP 127 EP 132 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Geology; Materials Science; Physics GA BL93F UT WOS:000077192000012 ER PT S AU Nguyen, JH Caldwell, WA Benedetti, LR Kruger, MB Jeanloz, R AF Nguyen, JH Caldwell, WA Benedetti, LR Kruger, MB Jeanloz, R BE Wentzcovitch, RM Hemley, RJ Nellis, WJ Yu, PY TI High pressure - High temperature synthesis of low-compressibility cubic C3N4 SO HIGH-PRESSURE MATERIALS RESEARCH SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on High-Pressure Materials Research CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We report the synthesis of a crystalline carbon-nitrogen compound having a zero-pressure bulk modulus of similar to 249 GPa Its crystal-structural and compressional properties are in good accord with those predicted theoretically by Teter and Hemley(1) for a cubic C3N4 phase. Experimentally, this phase is synthesized at pressures and temperatures above 18 GPa and 2000 K. It decomposes upon pressure release below 14 GPa, and may offer a route to synthesizing other incompressible carbon nitride phases. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Space Technol Directorate, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nguyen, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys & Space Technol Directorate, POB 808,L-174, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-404-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 499 BP 303 EP 308 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Geology; Materials Science; Physics GA BL93F UT WOS:000077192000037 ER PT S AU Shan, W Ager, JW Walukiewicz, W Haller, EE Little, BD Song, JJ Goldenberg, B Feng, ZC Schurman, M Stall, RA AF Shan, W Ager, JW Walukiewicz, W Haller, EE Little, BD Song, JJ Goldenberg, B Feng, ZC Schurman, M Stall, RA BE Wentzcovitch, RM Hemley, RJ Nellis, WJ Yu, PY TI High pressure study of III-nitrides and related heterostructures SO HIGH-PRESSURE MATERIALS RESEARCH SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on High-Pressure Materials Research CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We present results of photoluminescence (PL) studies of GaN, InxGa1-xN and AlxGa1-xN alloys, as well as related thin film heterostructures under hydrostatic pressure using the diamond-anvil-cell technique. The GaN PL spectra are dominated by strong and sharp near-band-edge luminescence associated with annihilations of bound excitons and intrinsic free excitons in the crystals. The spectrally well-resolved emission lines allow us to accurately determine their pressure. The PL spectra of InxGa1-xN and AlxGa1-xN epitaxial films were found to exhibit strong near-band-edge luminescence emissions. By examining the pressure dependence of these spectral features, the pressure coefficients for the PL emissions associated with the direct Gamma band gap of InxGa1-xN and AlxGa1-xN were determined for the first time. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Shan, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. OI Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-404-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 499 BP 361 EP 370 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Geology; Materials Science; Physics GA BL93F UT WOS:000077192000044 ER PT S AU Haller, EE McCluskey, MD AF Haller, EE McCluskey, MD BE Wentzcovitch, RM Hemley, RJ Nellis, WJ Yu, PY TI Infrared optical studies of semiconductors at large hydrostatic pressures SO HIGH-PRESSURE MATERIALS RESEARCH SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on High-Pressure Materials Research CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Among the various external disturbances used in the study of semiconductors, including electric and magnetic fields as well as uniaxial pressure, large hydrostatic pressures can be employed to induce dramatic changes in host lattice, dopant and defect properties. Diamond anvil cells with an appropriate pressure medium (e.g. liquid N-2 or alcohol mixtures) allow the application of pressures up to hundreds of kbar. In this pressure range the global conduction band minimum of a semiconductor can become a local minimum. GaAs for example changes near 45 kbar from a direct (Gamma-band) to an indirect (X-band) semiconductor. Donors in GaAs and InP transform from their shallow, hydrogenic state to the DX configuration at hydrostatic pressures near 23 and 82 kbar, respectively. This donor configuration change has been studied using local vibrational mode (LVM) spectroscopy in the far infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Recently we have investigated several LVM's of H-containing complexes in GaAs as a function of hydrostatic pressure at liquid He temperatures. Depending on the specific complex we find the LVM frequencies to vary either linearly, sub- or superlinearly with hydrostatic pressure. In the case of O in Si the vibrational mode changes its character from that of a harmonic oscillator to a rotor as pressure is applied. The implications of the pressure dependences of LVM's are discussed. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Haller, EE (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-404-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 499 BP 371 EP 380 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Geology; Materials Science; Physics GA BL93F UT WOS:000077192000045 ER PT S AU Yoo, CS Cynn, H Campbell, A Hu, JZ AF Yoo, CS Cynn, H Campbell, A Hu, JZ BE Wentzcovitch, RM Hemley, RJ Nellis, WJ Yu, PY TI Experimental issues in in-situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction at high pressure and temperature by using a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell SO HIGH-PRESSURE MATERIALS RESEARCH SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on High-Pressure Materials Research CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB An integrated technique of diamond-anvil cell, laser-heating and synchrotron x-ray diffraction technologies is capable of structural investigation of condensed matter in an extended region of high pressures and temperatures above 100 GPa and 3000 K. The feasibility of this technique to obtain reliable data, however, strongly depends on several experimental issues, including optical and x-ray setups, thermal gradients, pressure homogeneity, preferred orientation, and chemical reaction. In this paper, we discuss about these experimental issues together with future perspectives of this technique for obtaining accurate data. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Yoo, CS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-404-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 499 BP 419 EP 428 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Geology; Materials Science; Physics GA BL93F UT WOS:000077192000049 ER PT S AU Samara, GA Hansen, LV AF Samara, GA Hansen, LV BE Wentzcovitch, RM Hemley, RJ Nellis, WJ Yu, PY TI Pressure as a probe of the glassy state of ferroelectrics with random site disorder SO HIGH-PRESSURE MATERIALS RESEARCH SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials-Research-Society Symposium on High-Pressure Materials Research CY DEC 01-04, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Results on lanthanum-modified lead zirconate-titanates (PLZTs) have revealed a pressure-induced crossover from a normal ferroelectric to a relaxer state and the continuous evolution of the dynamics and energetics of the relaxation process. This crossover appears to be a general feature of soft mode ferroelectrics with random site dipolar impurities or polar nanodomains and results from a large decrease in the correlation radius among polar nanodomains - a unique property of soft mode ferroelectrics. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Samara, GA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-404-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 499 BP 461 EP 466 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Geology; Materials Science; Physics GA BL93F UT WOS:000077192000054 ER PT B AU Ciszek, TF Wang, TH AF Ciszek, TF Wang, TH BE Claeys, CL RaiChoudhury, P Watanabe, M Stallhofer, P Dawson, HJ TI Float-zone pedestal growth of thin silicon filaments SO HIGH PURITY SILICON V SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on High Purity Silicon at the 194th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY NOV 02-06, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, SPIE AB Thin, high-purity, dislocation-free, single-crystal silicon filaments were grown from the melt by an RF-heated float-zone pedestal method using [111] and [100] oriented seed crystals. Filament diameters ranging from 0.3 mm to 2.0 mm were grown from 5-mm-dia. feed rods. Some filaments were doped p-type with gallium. Minority-carrier lifetime tau measurements, spreading resistance measurements, and MoK alpha(1), X-ray topography were used to characterize the filaments. Lifetime values as high as 660 mu s were observed. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ciszek, TF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-207-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 13 BP 85 EP 89 PG 5 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BL74D UT WOS:000076516800008 ER PT B AU Ciszek, TF Wang, TH Doolittle, WA Rohatgi, A AF Ciszek, TF Wang, TH Doolittle, WA Rohatgi, A BE Claeys, CL RaiChoudhury, P Watanabe, M Stallhofer, P Dawson, HJ TI Iron-gallium pair defects in float-zoned silicon SO HIGH PURITY SILICON V SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium on High Purity Silicon at the 194th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY NOV 02-06, 1998 CL BOSTON, MA SP Electrochem Soc, Electr Div, SPIE AB Dislocation-free, float-zoned Si was deliberately doped with Fe and Ga during crystal growth to determine the effect of Fe-Ga pair defects on minority-carrier lifetime tau. Crystal properties were documented by deep-level transient spectroscopy and annealing studies. The typical tau of Fe-Ga co-doped crystals (0.4 mu s) was dramatically lower than of crystals doped with similar amounts of either Fe alone (12 mu s) or Ga alone (1,400 mu s), contrary to the tau behavior at low injection of Fe-B pair defects. Thermal dissociation of Fe-Ga pairs increased tau, confirming a stronger carrier-recombination activity at Fe-Ga pairs than at interstitial Fe. Defect energies (relative to the valance band) equal to 0.10 and 0.21 eV were observed for Fe-Ga co-doped samples. The corresponding hole-capture cross-sections were 3 x 10(-16) and 6 x 10(-15) cm(2). C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Ciszek, TF (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-207-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 13 BP 230 EP 237 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BL74D UT WOS:000076516800020 ER PT B AU Grimsditch, M Renusch, D Veal, BW Wright, JK Williamson, RL AF Grimsditch, M Renusch, D Veal, BW Wright, JK Williamson, RL BE Hou, PY McNallan, MJ Oltra, R Opila, EJ Shores, DA TI Stresses in thermally grown alumina scales near edges and corners SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 193rd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div & Corros Div, High Temp Mat Chem, High Temp Mat Div AB We have investigated the residual stress near edges and corners of thermally grown alumina scales. Micro fluorescence measurements, performed on alloys with composition Fe-5Cr-28Al (at.%, bal. Fe) oxidized at 900 degrees C, showed a large (>50%) reduction in hydrostatic stress in the vicinity of edges and corners. Surprisingly, stress relaxation persists out to distances ten times the scale thickness fi om the edge. Finite element analysis calculations confirm the experimental results and provide a considerably more detailed picture of the stress distribution and its components. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Grimsditch, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-203-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 9 BP 32 EP 40 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL90W UT WOS:000077109800003 ER PT B AU Williamson, RL Wright, JK AF Williamson, RL Wright, JK BE Hou, PY McNallan, MJ Oltra, R Opila, EJ Shores, DA TI Finite element analysis of surface cracks at corners in protective oxide scales SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 193rd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div & Corros Div, High Temp Mat Chem, High Temp Mat Div AB Finite element simulations are used to examine surface cracks at regions of local curvature (corners or convolutions) in protective oxide scales. A series of static analyses with varying crack lengths is used to approximate a propagating crack through the scale thickness. Stresses are generated during cooling from oxide formation temperatures. Two different ratios of corner radii to scale thickness are considered to quantify geometric effects. The influence of the substrate material is investigated by considering both perfectly-plastic and work-hardening behavior. The computed stress-intensity factor at the crack tip is compared to the fracture toughness of the scale material to predict crack growth. Simulations indicate that sharper corners and lower substrate yield strengths increase crack growth potential. Reductions in the stress-intensity factor with increasing crack length are observed that result from the constraining effects of the substrate. Additional simulations designed to verify key modeling assumptions are described. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Williamson, RL (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-203-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 9 BP 41 EP 52 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL90W UT WOS:000077109800004 ER PT B AU Wright, JK Williamson, RL Hou, PY Cannon, RM Renusch, D Veal, B Grimsditch, M AF Wright, JK Williamson, RL Hou, PY Cannon, RM Renusch, D Veal, B Grimsditch, M BE Hou, PY McNallan, MJ Oltra, R Opila, EJ Shores, DA TI Finite element modeling of the effect of interface anomalies on thermal stresses in alumina scales SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 193rd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div & Corros Div, High Temp Mat Chem, High Temp Mat Div AB The scales that grow from oxidation often develop a convoluted morphology or interface pores. High thermal stresses can develop locally and are potentially detrimental to the scale or interface integrity. Finite element simulations are used to examine residual thermal stresses and strains that result when these deviations from a flat interface have formed, and the resulting geometry is subsequently cooled to room temperature. A variety of geometries will be considered for alumina scales on a FeCrAl substrate. C1 Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Wright, JK (reprint author), Idaho Natl Engn & Environm Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-203-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 9 BP 53 EP 64 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL90W UT WOS:000077109800005 ER PT B AU Veal, BW Renusch, D Koshelev, I Paulikas, AP Uran, S Grimsditch, M AF Veal, BW Renusch, D Koshelev, I Paulikas, AP Uran, S Grimsditch, M BE Hou, PY McNallan, MJ Oltra, R Opila, EJ Shores, DA TI Growth of alumina scale on Fe-Cr-Al: A multiprobe study SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 193rd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div & Corros Div, High Temp Mat Chem, High Temp Mat Div AB The use of local probes at specific spatial locations provides a clear picture of the scale growth and thermal evolution on a cast ingot of 72Fe-18Cr-10Al-0.15Hf (at.%). Well defined regions (approximate to 70 microns in diameter) were probed by a battery of techniques as a function of oxidation at different temperatures (Between 800 degrees C - 1100 degrees C). This study provides information about the dependence of scale evolution on fluctuations in the local composition and/or grain structure of the starting material. Results suggest that properties of the starting material strongly influence the scale evolution, even to the stage of mature scales. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Veal, BW (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-203-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 9 BP 65 EP 75 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL90W UT WOS:000077109800006 ER PT B AU Renusch, D Grimsditch, M Paulikas, AP Veal, B AF Renusch, D Grimsditch, M Paulikas, AP Veal, B BE Hou, PY McNallan, MJ Oltra, R Opila, EJ Shores, DA TI Transient oxide phases and scale strain in MCrAlY: A light-scattering study SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 193rd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div & Corros Div, High Temp Mat Chem, High Temp Mat Div AB We have used Raman "fingerprinting" to investigate the temperature dependence of the transient oxide phases in the scale formed on MCrAl and MCrAlY (M=Ni,Co) in the temperature range 300 to 1200 degrees C. In particular, by extending our Raman spectra to include second order scattering, we are able to track the evolution of NiO in the scales. We find that the inclusion of Y, while improving scale adhesion, inhibits the formation of Co oxide. We have also exploited the strain dependence of ruby fluorescence to extract the residual strain in the oxide scale. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Renusch, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-203-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 9 BP 76 EP 85 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL90W UT WOS:000077109800007 ER PT B AU Koshelev, I Paulikas, AP Veal, BW AF Koshelev, I Paulikas, AP Veal, BW BE Hou, PY McNallan, MJ Oltra, R Opila, EJ Shores, DA TI Refracted X-ray fluorescence (RXF) applied to the study of thermally grown oxide scales on Fe-Cr-Ni-(RE) alloys SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 193rd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div & Corros Div, High Temp Mat Chem, High Temp Mat Div AB Refracted X-Ray Fluorescence (RXF) is applied to the study of the thermally grown scales on Fe-25Cr-20Ni-(RE) alloys. The evolution of chromia scales is investigated for alloys containing reactive elements (RE) Y and Zr as well as the corresponding RE-free alloy. For these alloys, scale compositions and scale thicknesses are measured and information about concentration depth profiles is obtained. The results indicate that the RE can inhibit growth at the outer surface of the scale enhancing growth internal to the scale, or at the scale-metal interface. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Koshelev, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-203-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 9 BP 97 EP 105 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL90W UT WOS:000077109800009 ER PT B AU Haynes, JA Ferber, MK Porter, WD AF Haynes, JA Ferber, MK Porter, WD BE Hou, PY McNallan, MJ Oltra, R Opila, EJ Shores, DA TI Damage accumulation in thermally-cycled Al2O3 scales on plasma-sprayed NiCrAlY SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 193rd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div & Corros Div, High Temp Mat Chem, High Temp Mat Div AB An improved understanding of the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of protective alumina (Al2O3) scales will play an important role in designing improved high temperature alloys and coating systems. This study evaluated the microstructures, void contents, fracture behavior, Young's modulus (E), and hardness (H) of Al2O3 scales on air plasma-sprayed (APS) and vacuum plasma-sprayed (VPS) Ni-22Cr-10Al-1Y overlaid with APS yttria-stabilized zirconia. During cyclic oxidation testing to 1150 degrees C, the interfacial Al2O3 scales on VPS NiCrAlY experienced cumulative damage in the form of fracture, buckling and sub-scale formation. The columnar-grained oxide scales relieved stresses by both delamination and by internal Al2O3 fracture parallel to the metal surface. Internal void growth along scale grain boundaries was accelerated by thermal cycling, as compared to isothermal oxidation. There was evidence of localized healing of Al2O3 internal cracks (by sintering) which resulted in planar arrays of voids. The E and H of non-damaged regions of scale did not vary as a function of time-at-temperature, cycle length, or NiCrAlY hardness. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Haynes, JA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-203-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 9 BP 146 EP 157 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL90W UT WOS:000077109800014 ER PT B AU Hou, PY AF Hou, PY BE Hou, PY McNallan, MJ Oltra, R Opila, EJ Shores, DA TI Kinetics of sulfur segregation to scale-alloy interfaces SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 193rd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div & Corros Div, High Temp Mat Chem, High Temp Mat Div AB The segregation of impurities and/or solutes to oxide/alloy interfaces was studied using Scanning Anger Microscopy after removal of the oxide scales in ultra high vacuum. Al2O3 formed on Fe-28Al-5Cr and Fe-18Cr-10Al (all at%) and Cr2O3 on high and low sulfur Cr at 1000 degrees C in dry oxygen were investigated. Sulfur segregated to all interfaces, on regions where the scale was adherent or had detached at the growth temperature, and reached a saturation level with time. However, the time to achieve saturation and the final concentration at the interface varied with different alloys and different bulk sulfur content. The trend with varying sulfur content is as expected for equilibrium segregation. Other than sulfur, segregation of Cr and C was found on the FeCrAl alloy and of N on the Cr. It is concluded that equilibrium segregation of impurities can take place at a growing oxide/metal interface. Details, however, differ from surface or grain boundary segregation in some aspects and they are discussed in this paper. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hou, PY (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-203-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 9 BP 198 EP 210 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL90W UT WOS:000077109800018 ER PT B AU Pint, BA Wright, IG AF Pint, BA Wright, IG BE Hou, PY McNallan, MJ Oltra, R Opila, EJ Shores, DA TI Cyclic oxidation behavior of cast NiCrAl alloys SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 193rd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div & Corros Div, High Temp Mat Chem, High Temp Mat Div AB Cast NiCrAl-type alloys with a range of Cr and Al contents and several different reactive element additions (Y, Zr, Hf and La) were exposed in a cyclic oxidation test at 1150 degrees and 1200 degrees C. The goal of this work was to identify a model NiCrAl alumina-forming alloy for detailed characterization work. Compared to similar FeCrAl and beta-NiAl alloys, the oxidation resistance of all of these alloys was inferior, with significant scale spallation after relatively short times. Possible reasons for this behavior are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-203-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 9 BP 263 EP 274 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL90W UT WOS:000077109800024 ER PT B AU More, KL Tortorelli, PF Lin, HT Lara-Curzio, E Lowden, RA AF More, KL Tortorelli, PF Lin, HT Lara-Curzio, E Lowden, RA BE Hou, PY McNallan, MJ Oltra, R Opila, EJ Shores, DA TI Degradation mechanisms of BN interfaces in SiC/SiC composites in oxygen- and water-containing environments SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 193rd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div & Corros Div, High Temp Mat Chem, High Temp Mat Div AB Degradation of BN fiber-matrix interface coatings for ceramic grade (CG)Nicalon(TM)/SiC composites were studied after exposure of the composites to elevated temperatures in oxygen- and water-containing environments. Reaction kinetics associated with isothermal exposures of these composites were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis. After exposure, changes in the structure and chemistry of the BN interface regions were characterized as a function of depth from the exposed surface using analytical and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The effect of inherent BN microstructural characteristics, such as O-content and structure, were related to interface stability. Interface degradation resulted from oxidation reactions that involved oxygen from the environment as well as from the as-deposited BN fiber coatings. Consequently, a high oxygen content in the as processed BN accelerated interface and strength degradation by causing excessive oxidation well below the exposed surfaces. Water vapor enhanced the rate of interface degradation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP More, KL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI More, Karren/A-8097-2016 OI More, Karren/0000-0001-5223-9097 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-203-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 9 BP 382 EP 394 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL90W UT WOS:000077109800033 ER PT B AU Hanrahan, RJ Chen, KC Brady, MP AF Hanrahan, RJ Chen, KC Brady, MP BE Hou, PY McNallan, MJ Oltra, R Opila, EJ Shores, DA TI The effects of beryllium additions on the oxidation of nickel aluminide and titanium aluminide based intermetallics SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 193rd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div & Corros Div, High Temp Mat Chem, High Temp Mat Div AB The effects of Be additions on the oxidation behavior of beta-NiAl in moist air at 1000 degrees C as well as on the borderline alumina-forming gamma + Laves Ti-Al-Cr based alloys at 800 degrees C and 1000 degrees C in dry and moist air were investigated. The addition of Be to beta-NiAl suppressed the formation of transient alumina and resulted in the formation of a protective BeAl2O4 spinel phase. In dry air, the addition of Be to the Ti-Al-Cr alloys also resulted in the formation of a protective BeAl2O4 spinel phase. In moist air, only Ti-Al-Cr-Be alloys with a high Cr content (10 to 15 a/o) formed the protective BeAl2O4 scale. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hanrahan, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, MS G770, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008 OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-203-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 9 BP 458 EP 465 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL90W UT WOS:000077109800040 ER PT B AU Brady, MP Tortorelli, PF AF Brady, MP Tortorelli, PF BE Hou, PY McNallan, MJ Oltra, R Opila, EJ Shores, DA TI The effect of microstructure and temperature on the oxidation behavior of two-phase Cr-Cr2X (X=Nb,Ta) alloys SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 193rd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div & Corros Div, High Temp Mat Chem, High Temp Mat Div AB The oxidation behavior of Cr(X) solid solution (Cr-ss) and Cr2X Laves phases (X=Nb;Ta) was studied individually and in combination at 950-1100 degrees C in air. The Cr-ss phase was significantly more oxidation resistant than the Cr2X Laves phase. At 950 degrees C, two-phase alloys of Cr-Cr2Nb and Cr-Cr2Ta exhibited "in-situ" internal oxidation, in which remnants of the Cr2X Laves phase were incorporated into a growing chromia scale. At 1100 degrees C, the Cr-Cr2Nb alloys continued to exhibit in-situ internal oxidation, which resulted in extensive O/N penetration into the alloy ahead of the alloy-scale interface and catastrophic failure during cyclic oxidation. In contrast, the Cr-Cr2Ta alloys exhibited a transition to selective Cr oxidation and the formation of a continuous chromia scale. The oxidation mechanism is interpreted in terms of multiphase oxidation theory. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Brady, MP (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Brady, Michael/A-8122-2008 OI Brady, Michael/0000-0003-1338-4747 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-203-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 9 BP 466 EP 476 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL90W UT WOS:000077109800041 ER PT B AU Cannon, RM Hou, Y AF Cannon, RM Hou, Y BE Hou, PY McNallan, MJ Oltra, R Opila, EJ Shores, DA TI Diffusion induced stress generation during oxidation SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, PROCEEDINGS SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry at the 193rd Meeting of the Electrochemical Society CY MAY 03-08, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Electrochem Soc, High Temp Mat Div & Corros Div, High Temp Mat Chem, High Temp Mat Div AB Mechanisms that generate internal stresses while oxide scales grow are examined, emphasizing those that arise for incoherent oxides. Both the sign and magnitude of the in-plane stresses depend strongly on the dominant diffusion mechanism and the type of scale microstructure, even in the limit that no stress relaxation occurs via deformation of the substrate, i.e., for the constrained growth stress. Such relaxation can further adjust growth stresses; thus, the unconstrained growth strain emerges as a key parameter. Predictions from extant models are considered in light of reported levels of growl stresses from ia situ measurements or deduced from stresses measured at room temperature. The dearest picture emerges for Al2O3 for which multiple GPa levels of stress are predicted from boundary diffusion models with columnar microstructures; growth stresses exceeding a Cpa are reported, but are less than the upper limits. An assessment of factors that dictate these stress magnitudes focuses on uncertainties regarding the relevant boundary diffusivities, including effects of impurities, and indicates that slip in both the oxide and the metal can also be important. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MSD, Berkeley, CA 94611 USA. RP Cannon, RM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, MSD, Berkeley, CA 94611 USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA BN 1-56677-203-6 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1998 VL 98 IS 9 BP 594 EP 607 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BL90W UT WOS:000077109800052 ER PT J AU Adamson, MG Hsu, PC Hipple, DL Foster, KG Hopper, RW Ford, TD AF Adamson, MG Hsu, PC Hipple, DL Foster, KG Hopper, RW Ford, TD TI Organic waste processing using molten salt oxidation SO HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article AB Molten Salt Oxidation (MSO) is a thermal means of oxidizing (destroying) the organic constituents of mixed wastes, hazardous wastes, and energetic materials while retaining inorganic and radioactive constituents in the salt. For this reason, MSO is considered a promising alternative to incineration for the treatment of a variety of organic wastes. The U. S. Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management (DOE/EM) is currently funding research that will identify alternatives to incineration for the treatment of organic-based mixed wastes. (Mixed wastes are defined as waste streams which have both hazardous and radioactive properties.) One such project is Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Expedited Technology Demonstration of Molten Salt Oxidation (MSO). The goal of this project is to conduct an integrated demonstration of MSG, including off-gas and spent salt treatment, and the preparation of robust solid final forms. Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has constructed an integrated pilot-scale MSO treatment system in which tests and demonstrations are presently being performed under carefully controlled (experimental) conditions. The system consists of a MSO process vessel with dedicated off-gas treatment, a salt recycle system, feed preparation equipment, and equipment for preparing ceramic final waste forms. In this paper we describe the integrated system and discuss its capabilities as well as preliminary process demonstration data. A primary purpose of these demonstrations is to identify the most suitable waste streams and waste types for MSO treatment. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Adamson, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 5 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI NEW YORK PA 79 MADISON AVE, SUITE 1205, NEW YORK, NY 10016-7892 USA SN 1093-3611 J9 HIGH TEMP MATER P-US JI High Temp. Mater. Process PY 1998 VL 2 IS 4 BP 559 EP 580 PG 22 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 177TA UT WOS:000079226100010 ER PT J AU Drell, D AF Drell, D TI FAQs SO HUMAN GENOME NEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US DOE, Human Genome Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Drell, D (reprint author), US DOE, Human Genome Program, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN GENOME MANAGE INF SYSTEM PI OAK RIDGE PA OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, 1060 COMMERCE PARK, OAK RIDGE, TN 37830 USA SN 1050-6101 J9 HUM GENOME NEWS JI Hum. Genome News PD JAN PY 1998 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 4 EP 5 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA YY423 UT WOS:000072145100006 ER PT J AU Mural, R AF Mural, R TI Workshop focuses on sequence annotation SO HUMAN GENOME NEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Mural, R (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HUMAN GENOME MANAGE INF SYSTEM PI OAK RIDGE PA OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, 1060 COMMERCE PARK, OAK RIDGE, TN 37830 USA SN 1050-6101 J9 HUM GENOME NEWS JI Hum. Genome News PD JAN PY 1998 VL 9 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA YY423 UT WOS:000072145100025 ER PT J AU Trask, BJ Friedman, C Martin-Gallardo, A Rowen, L Akinbami, C Blankenship, J Collins, C Giorgi, D Iadonato, S Johnson, F Kuo, WL Massa, H Morrish, T Naylor, S Nguyen, OTH Rouquier, S Smith, T Wong, DJ Youngblom, J van den Engh, G AF Trask, BJ Friedman, C Martin-Gallardo, A Rowen, L Akinbami, C Blankenship, J Collins, C Giorgi, D Iadonato, S Johnson, F Kuo, WL Massa, H Morrish, T Naylor, S Nguyen, OTH Rouquier, S Smith, T Wong, DJ Youngblom, J van den Engh, G TI Members of the olfactory receptor gene family are contained in large blocks of DNA duplicated polymorphically near the ends of human chromosomes SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; HUMAN TELOMERE; SUBTELOMERIC REGIONS; ODORANT RECEPTORS; NORMAL KARYOTYPES; HUMAN GENOME; REPEAT; ORGANIZATION; SEQUENCES; KB AB We have identified three new members of the olfactory receptor (OR) gene family within a large segment of DNA that is duplicated with high similarity near many human telomeres, This segment is present at 3q, 15q, and 19p in each of 45 unrelated humans sampled from various populations, Additional copies are present polymorphically at 11 other subtelomeric locations, The frequency with which the block is present at some locations varies among populations, While humans carry seven to 11 copies of the OR-containing block, it is located in chimpanzee and gorilla predominantly at a single site, which is not orthologous to any of the locations in the human genome, The observation that sequences flanking the OR-containing segment are duplicated on larger and different sets of chromosomes than the OR block itself demonstrates that the segment is part of a much larger, complex patchwork of subtelomeric duplications, The population analyses and structural results suggest the types of processes that have shaped these regions during evolution. From its sequence, one of the OR genes in this duplicated block appears to be potentially functional, Our findings raise the possibility that functional diversity in the OR family is generated in part through duplications and inter-chromosomal rearrangements of the DNA near human telomeres. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Mol Biotechnol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Biol, Madrid 28034, Spain. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CNRS, Ctr Rech Biochim Macromol, F-34033 Montpellier, France. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Canc, Canc Genet Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Cellular & Struct Biol, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Calif State Univ Stanislaus, Dept Biol, Turlock, CA 95382 USA. RP Trask, BJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Mol Biotechnol, Box 357730, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM trask@biotech.washington.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA576626]; NHGRI NIH HHS [HG00256, HG00470] NR 67 TC 153 Z9 156 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 7 IS 1 BP 13 EP 26 DI 10.1093/hmg/7.1.13 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA YT887 UT WOS:000071656200002 PM 9384599 ER PT J AU Levran, O Doggett, NA Auerbach, AD AF Levran, O Doggett, NA Auerbach, AD TI Identification of Alu-mediated deletions in the Fanconi anemia gene FAA SO HUMAN MUTATION LA English DT Article DE Fanconi anemia; mutation analysis; Alu sequences; cancer genetics; bone marrow failure ID FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; SEQUENCES; DNA; RECOMBINATION; DIAGNOSIS; MUTATIONS; REGISTRY; RECEPTOR; CANCER; KB AB Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive syndrome associated with hypersensitivity to DNA cross linking agents and predisposition to neoplasia. Eight complementation groups (A-H) have been described, but the only FA genes cloned so far are FAC and FAA. We have recently identified 40 different germline mutations, including microdeletions, microinsertions, and point mutations in ge nomic DNA from 97 FA patients from the International Fanconi Anemia Registry (IFAR) by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Interestingly, only one mutant allele was identified in many of these patients. Haplotype analysis with intragenic polymorphisms, as well as cDNA analysis of some patients suggested the presence of large deletions that would not be detected by SSCP analysis. In this study, we report the occurrence of Alu mediated genomic deletions in FAA. Two different deletions of 1.2 kb and 1.9 kb were found. Both deletions include exons 16 and 17 and remove a 156-bp segment from the transcript causing a shorter in frame message. Sequence analysis revealed that introns 15 and 17 are rich in partial and complete Alu repeats. There are at least four head to-tail arranged Alu elements in intron 17 and one in intron 15, all oriented in the 3' --> 5' direction. Sequence analysis of the deletions showed that the 5' breakpoints occurred at different sites in the same Alu element in intron 15, while the 3' breakpoints were located in different Alu repeats in intron 17. Numerous Alu repeats are present in FAA, suggesting that Alu-mediated recombination might be an important mechanism for the generation of FAA mutations. Hum Mutat 12:145-152, 1998. (C) 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Rockefeller Univ, Lab Human Genet & Hematol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Auerbach, AD (reprint author), Rockefeller Univ, Lab Human Genet & Hematol, 1230 York Ave,Box 77, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM auerbac@rockvax.rockefeller.edu OI Auerbach, Arleen/0000-0002-6911-8379 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL32987] NR 28 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1059-7794 J9 HUM MUTAT JI Hum. Mutat. PY 1998 VL 12 IS 3 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1004(1998)12:3<145::AID-HUMU2>3.0.CO;2-G PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 106UR UT WOS:000075169300002 PM 9711872 ER PT J AU Wang, RL AF Wang, RL TI Acyclic isoprenoids - molecular indicators of archaeal activity in contemporary and ancient Chinese saline/hypersaline environments SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Archaea; archaebacteria; biomarker; isoprenoid; salinity; paleoenvironment; Cambrian; Permian; Triassic; Eocene ID ARCHAEBACTERIAL LIPIDS; METHANOGENIC BACTERIA; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NEUTRAL LIPIDS; SOURCE ROCKS; HYDROCARBONS; SEDIMENTS; 2,6,10-TRIMETHYL-7-(3-METHYLBUTYL)-DODECANE; DIAGENESIS; AUSTRALIA AB Acyclic isoprenoid hydrocarbons are found to be the predominant components in the organic matter extracted from sedimentary cores and oils of various hypersaline settings, including Tertiary Janghan salt lake basin, Cretaceous Taian salt lake basin, and Triassic, Permian and Cambrian Yangtze evaporitic marine platform. Inland saline lake basins are characterized by tremendous predominance of phytane (iC(20)) ranging up to 15% of the total extract. While the evaporitic marine sediments are unique for their complete series of super-long-chain acyclic isoprenoids, up to C-40. These isoprenoids possess head-to-head, tail-to-tail or regular linkages and generally are indicators of the significant contribution from various archaea (archaebacteria), i.e. halophiles, methanogens and acidothermophiles. According to the great discrepancy of distribution and composition of isoprenoids, these modern and Cenozoic inland salt lake sediments are likely dominated by halophilic archaea, while the studied Mesozoic and Paleozoic evaporitic marine sediments are predominantly distinguished by methanogens and acidothermophiles. Concentration of chlorine salt is more directly proportional to the abundance of phytane than sulfate. Reduced species of sulfur, sulfide, S-o and organic sulfur compounds (OSC), however, may have played a key role in the preservation and formation of the highly abundant phytane observed in the inland salt lake basins. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Biogeochem Labs, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Wang, RL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PY 1998 VL 381 BP 59 EP 76 DI 10.1023/A:1003223506939 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 172VX UT WOS:000078946900009 ER PT J AU Plague, GR McArthur, JV AF Plague, GR McArthur, JV TI Genetic diversity vs geographic distribution of five congeneric caddisflies SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE genetic variability; endemism; heterozygote deficiency; Hydropsychidae; Cheumatopsyche; stream ID ADULT AQUATIC INSECTS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; TRICHOPTERA; STREAM; POPULATIONS; DISPERSAL AB We compared the genetic structure and diversity of five Cheumatopsyche (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) species from Upper Three Runs Creek in South Carolina to analyze the relationship between genetic variability and potential gene flow (i.e., geographic distribution) in a group of lotic macroinvertebrates. Among these species is an endemic to the stream (Cheumatopsyche richardsoni), a southeastern U.S.A. endemic (C. edista), and three widely distributed species (C. pasella, C. pettiti, and C. pinaca). Using cellulose acetate plates, we reliably scored 19 presumptive allozyme loci for each species. C. richardsoni and C. pettiti were the least genetically variable taxa, C. pasella and C. pinaca the most, and C. edista fell in between. Therefore, unless this C. pettiti population is not representative of the species in general, the genetic diversity of C. richardsoni and C. edista fall within the range exhibited by other congeners. In turn, each species' genetic diversity is evidently not correlated to its relative geographic distribution. Four species tall but C. pettiti) had moderate to high proportions of polymorphic loci in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibria, the cause of which is likely one of three factors: (1) each species experiences disruptive selection, (2) we inadvertently sampled adults from more than one genetically distinct stream population, or (3) each species is divided into partially reproductively isolated subpopulations within the stream. C1 Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Entomol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Plague, GR (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Savannah River Ecol Lab, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PY 1998 VL 362 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA ZR388 UT WOS:000073970000001 ER PT B AU Mann, MK DiPietro, JP Iannucci, JJ Eyer, JM AF Mann, MK DiPietro, JP Iannucci, JJ Eyer, JM BE Bolcich, JC Veziroglu, TN TI Exploring the technical and economic feasibility of producing hydrogen from sunlight and wind SO HYDROGEN ENERGY PROGRESS XII, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th World Hydrogen Energy Conference CY JUN 21-26, 1998 CL BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SP Asociac Argentina Hidrogeno, Int Assoc Hydrogen Energy AB To provide focus and support to the development and introduction of renewable hydrogen, the U.S. Department of Energy's Hydrogen Program has sponsored work to evaluate the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of different technologies. An important option for the production of hydrogen from renewables is from water by conversion of solar and wind energy. A study was made of the relative economic viability of three technologies: direct photoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion of sunlight, photovoltaic (PV)generated electricity production followed by electrolysis, and. wind-generated electricity production followed by electrolysis. PEC is an alternative to PV/electrolysis systems, combining a semiconductor and an electrocatalyst into a single monolithic device. The base case system designs emphasize hydrogen as the only product, derived solely from renewable sources acting independently of the electric grid. However, to identify opportunities to improve the viability of PV- and wind-derived hydrogen, three alternative scenarios were also studied. The first of these explores making an electricity coproduct that can be sold at peak prices to an unspecified customer over the grid. Scenario 2 examines the use of electricity from both the renewable and the grid to produce only hydrogen. Scenario 3 looks at the situation of producing hydrogen at locations remote from where the renewables generate the electricity. Sensitivity analyses were performed on all cases to determine the situations that would maximize the economics, and to direct research toward areas that can have the largest impacts on costs. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Mann, MK (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ASSOC HYDROGEN ENERGY PI CORAL GABLES PA PO BOX 248266, CORAL GABLES, FL 33124 USA BN 987-97075-3-2 PY 1998 BP 337 EP 346 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Energy & Fuels; Transportation Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Transportation GA BQ76D UT WOS:000089422200034 ER PT B AU Steinberg, M AF Steinberg, M BE Bolcich, JC Veziroglu, TN TI Natural gas decarbonization technology for mitigating global warming SO HYDROGEN ENERGY PROGRESS XII, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th World Hydrogen Energy Conference CY JUN 21-26, 1998 CL BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SP Asociac Argentina Hidrogeno, Int Assoc Hydrogen Energy C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11747 USA. RP Steinberg, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11747 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROGEN ENERGY PI CORAL GABLES PA PO BOX 248266, CORAL GABLES, FL 33124 USA BN 987-97075-3-2 PY 1998 BP 615 EP 624 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Energy & Fuels; Transportation Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Transportation GA BQ76D UT WOS:000089422200062 ER PT B AU Aceves, SM Berry, GD AF Aceves, SM Berry, GD BE Bolcich, JC Veziroglu, TN TI Analysis of hydrogen vehicles with cryogenic high pressure storage SO HYDROGEN ENERGY PROGRESS XII, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th World Hydrogen Energy Conference CY JUN 21-26, 1998 CL BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SP Asociac Argentina Hidrogeno, Int Assoc Hydrogen Energy AB Insulated pressure vessels are cryogenic-capable pressure vessels that can be fueled with liquid hydrogen (LH2) or ambient-temperature compressed hydrogen (CH2). Insulated pressure vessels offer the advantages of liquid hydrogen tanks (low weight and volume), with reduced disadvantages (lower energy requirement for hydrogen liquefaction and reduced evaporative losses). This paper shows an evaluation of the applicability of the insulated pressure vessels for light-duty vehicles. The paper shows an evaluation of evaporative: losses and insulation requirements and a description of the current experimental plans for testing insulated pressure vessels. The results show significant advantages to the use of insulated pressure vessels for light-duty vehicles. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Aceves, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, 7000 East Ave,L-641, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROGEN ENERGY PI CORAL GABLES PA PO BOX 248266, CORAL GABLES, FL 33124 USA BN 987-97075-3-2 PY 1998 BP 943 EP 952 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Energy & Fuels; Transportation Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Transportation GA BQ76D UT WOS:000089422200096 ER PT B AU Spath, PL Mann, MK AF Spath, PL Mann, MK BE Bolcich, JC Veziroglu, TN TI Technoeconomic assessment of four biomass-to-hydrogen conversion technologies SO HYDROGEN ENERGY PROGRESS XII, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th World Hydrogen Energy Conference CY JUN 21-26, 1998 CL BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SP Asociac Argentina Hidrogeno, Int Assoc Hydrogen Energy AB Different technologies to convert biomass feedstocks to hydrogen were comparatively studied to determine their economic potential and to provide insight into where each technology is in its development cycle. This work is being funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Hydrogen Program, to provide support to the development and introduction of renewable hydrogen through the evaluation of the technical and economic aspects of various technologies. The cost of biomass-derived hydrogen, produced from four thermochemical conversion systems, was determined. The gasifier systems considered in these studies were the Texaco gasifier, the BCL/FERCO indirectly-heated gasifier, and the Institute of Gas Technology direct-fired gasifier. Additionally, a generic fluid bed pyrolysis reactor was studied. Different combinations of the following operations were included in the system designs: biomass pyrolysis, biomass gasification, conventional steam reforming, and air separation. For each of the systems studied, the downstream process steps include shift conversion followed by hydrogen purification. A series of sensitivity analyses were conducted to determine the conditions under which each process is most feasible and to guide experimental efforts toward the areas that could result in the largest cost reductions. The following paper contains details on the technical and economic feasibility of each of these systems. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Spath, PL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC HYDROGEN ENERGY PI CORAL GABLES PA PO BOX 248266, CORAL GABLES, FL 33124 USA BN 987-97075-3-2 PY 1998 BP 2057 EP 2067 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Energy & Fuels; Transportation Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Transportation GA BQ76D UT WOS:000089422200209 ER PT B AU Padro, CEG Putsche, VL Fairlie, MJ AF Padro, CEG Putsche, VL Fairlie, MJ BE Bolcich, JC Veziroglu, TN TI Modeling of hydrogen energy systems for remote applications SO HYDROGEN ENERGY PROGRESS XII, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th World Hydrogen Energy Conference CY JUN 21-26, 1998 CL BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SP Asociac Argentina Hidrogeno, Int Assoc Hydrogen Energy AB Under the International Energy Agency's (IEA) Hydrogen Implementing Agreement Annex 11 - Integrated Systems three-year cooperative program, a tool has been developed to assist in the design and evaluation of hydrogen demonstrations. Using ASPEN Plus(R): a process simulator, a series of subsystem models were developed, and a systematic methodology for their use was implemented in the evaluation of hydrogen energy systems for specific community energy applications. Because renewable production systems such as PV and wind are intermittent and thus difficult to model with a steady-state simulator, innovative techniques were developed. Hourly averages for solar and wind resources as well as the power demand for a composite Central American village were evaluated with respect to the design and operation of two renewable hydrogen systems, photovoltaic (PV)-electrolysis/metal hydride/polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and wind-electrolysis/compressed gas/internal combustion engine (ICE) generator set. The operation of the systems over several dissimilar days was simulated and important design parameters (e.g., storage capacity) were determined and compared. Hydrogen system designers and developers may use this methodology and the library of subsystem models to carry out standardized comparisons of energy systems for specific applications. This paper includes the results of the application of the design methodology to a specific remote site. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Padro, CEG (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC HYDROGEN ENERGY PI CORAL GABLES PA PO BOX 248266, CORAL GABLES, FL 33124 USA BN 987-97075-3-2 PY 1998 BP 2247 EP 2261 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Organic; Energy & Fuels; Transportation Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Transportation GA BQ76D UT WOS:000089422200228 ER PT S AU Hanrahan, RJ Hawley, ME Brown, GW AF Hanrahan, RJ Hawley, ME Brown, GW BE Nickel, NH Jackson, WB Bowman, RC Leisure, RG TI The influence of surface morphology and oxide microstructure on the nucleation and growth of uranium hydride on alpha uranium SO HYDROGEN IN SEMICONDUCTORS AND METALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hydrogen in Semiconductors and Metals at the Materials-Research-Society Spring Meeting CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB While the bulk kinetics of the uranium-hydrogen reaction are well understood, the mechanisms underlying the initial nucleation of uranium hydride on uranium remain controversial. In this study we have employed environmental cell optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy, (AFM) in an attempt to relate the structure of the surface and the microstructure of the substrate with the susceptibility and site of hydride nucleation. Samples have been investigated with varying grain size, inclusion (carbide) concentration, and thermal history. There is a clear correlation to heat treatment immediately prior to hydrogen exposure. Susceptibility to hydride formation also appears to be related to impurities in the uranium. The oxidized surface is very complex, exhibiting wide variations in thickness and topography between samples, between grains in the same sample, and within individual grains. It is, however, very difficult to relate this fine scale variability to the relatively sparse hydride initiation sites. Therefore, the surface oxide layer itself does not appear to control the sites where hydride attack is initiated, although it must play a role in the induction period prior to hydride initiation. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hanrahan, RJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-419-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 513 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BL49B UT WOS:000075688000005 ER PT S AU Guthrie, SE Thomas, GJ Noreus, D Ronnebro, E AF Guthrie, SE Thomas, GJ Noreus, D Ronnebro, E BE Nickel, NH Jackson, WB Bowman, RC Leisure, RG TI Properties of Mg2NiH4 at 450-570 K SO HYDROGEN IN SEMICONDUCTORS AND METALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hydrogen in Semiconductors and Metals at the Materials-Research-Society Spring Meeting CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB It has been established that Mg2NiH4 undergoes a phase change around 500 degrees K in which the orientation of the NiH4 complex is quenched in a monoclinic distortion of the cubic high temperature phase. This results in the formation of domains in which the lattice distortion is accommodated by microtwinning. These effects can be absent when the hydride phase is formed below the transition temperature. Microscopic analysis verifies a similar basal cubic structure in the low temperature phase; however, the domains and microtwins are absent in this material and it can readily be destabilized by thermal stresses induced by the electron beam. It is of interest to measure and compare the effect of the lattice differences on the thermodynamic properties of the low temperature versus the high temperature hydride phases. We report the equilibrium PCT data and hydrogen desorption kinetics of the two hydrides in the temperature range of 450-570 K. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Guthrie, SE (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-419-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 513 BP 93 EP 98 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BL49B UT WOS:000075688000012 ER PT S AU Ye, O Wolk, JA Bourret-Courchesne, ED Bliss, DF AF Ye, O Wolk, JA Bourret-Courchesne, ED Bliss, DF BE Nickel, NH Jackson, WB Bowman, RC Leisure, RG TI Annealing behavior of the hydrogen-vacancy complex in bulk indium phosphide crystals SO HYDROGEN IN SEMICONDUCTORS AND METALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hydrogen in Semiconductors and Metals at the Materials-Research-Society Spring Meeting CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB In order to explain the effects of hydrogen on the electrical properties of bulk indium phosphide crystals, we have performed a series of high temperature annealing studies with both undoped and iron-doped indium phosphide crystals. Our samples were annealed at 900 degrees C for 6, 36, and 72 hours, respectively, under a phosphorus overpressure of five atmospheres. Samples were characterized at 10 K by Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy which allowed us to measure the concentrations of both the Fe2+ and VIn-H4 defects simultaneously. Undoped samples were further characterized by the Hall effect measurements. We find in the iron-doped samples that the [Fe2+]/[Fe3+] ratio decreases gradually with increasing annealing time, indicating a reduction in the number of donors in the samples. In the undoped samples, annealing leads to a reduction of the free electron concentration accompanied by an increase in the 77 K mobility. The increase of the sample's mobility eliminates the possibility that the reduction of the, free electron concentration is due to an increase in the concentration of the compensating accepters. Our explanation for the observed behavior in all samples is that hydrogen acts as a donor and it diffuses out of the crystal during the annealing process. Based on our experimental data, vie propose a calibration equation of [VIn-H4] = 4.2x10(16) cm(-1) x Absorbance (cm(-1)) which is used to correlate the hydrogen-vacancy complex concentrations with the changes of the VIn-H4 absorption peak in both the iron-doped and the undoped samples. Our results confirm the donor nature of the hydrogen-vacancy complex and provide strong evidence regarding the reduction mechanism of free carrier concentrations in bulk indium phosphide crystals during high temperature annealing under a phosphorus atmosphere. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ye, O (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-419-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 513 BP 241 EP 246 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BL49B UT WOS:000075688000031 ER PT S AU Ting, J Pecharsky, VK Anderson, IE Witham, C Bowman, RC Fultz, B AF Ting, J Pecharsky, VK Anderson, IE Witham, C Bowman, RC Fultz, B BE Nickel, NH Jackson, WB Bowman, RC Leisure, RG TI Gas atomization processing of LaNi5-xMx modified with silicon and tin SO HYDROGEN IN SEMICONDUCTORS AND METALS SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hydrogen in Semiconductors and Metals at the Materials-Research-Society Spring Meeting CY APR 13-17, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB A high pressure gas atomization (HPGA) process has been employed to study microsegregation in LaNi4.75Sn0.25 and LaNi4.6Si0.4 alloy powders to serve as a basis for further investigations of low cost production of multicomponent alloys in combination with mishmetal (Mm). This investigation is an attempt to produce high quality powders for battery cathode fabrication that can be used in an as-atomized condition without prolong annealing, hydriding-dehydriding, and grinding. Argon atomizing gas was used in the HPGA process of the LaNi4.75Sn0.25 and LaNi4.6Si0.4 alloys to investigate rapid solidification effects on microsegregation. Short annealing treatments of 5 minutes at 900 degrees C were able to homogenize both alloy compositions, eliminating solidification micro-segregation along the grain boundaries phases. The rapid homogenization can be attributed primarily to the refined cell structures in gas-atomized particles that provide short diffusion pathways for the dissolving elements. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Ting, J (reprint author), US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Bowman, Robert/0000-0002-2114-1713 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-419-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1998 VL 513 BP 305 EP 310 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BL49B UT WOS:000075688000042 ER PT J AU Hornekaer, L Drewsen, M Brodersen, C Schiffer, JP Hangst, JS AF Hornekaer, L Drewsen, M Brodersen, C Schiffer, JP Hangst, JS TI Ion crystals in a linear Paul trap SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Euroconference on Atomic Physics with Stored Highly Charged Ions CY SEP 22-26, 1997 CL FERRARA, ITALY ID STRONGLY COUPLED PLASMAS; STORAGE RING; COULOMB AB Large ion crystals containing as many as 10(5) laser-cooled Mg-24(+) ions arranged in 10 cylindrical shells around a central string have been observed in a linear Paul trap. For smaller crystals consisting of approximately 3500 ions, the varying linear charge densities along the trap axis give rise to well-defined transition regions between the different shell-structures. These structures and the transition regions as a function of linear density are in good agreement with molecular dynamics simulations. The micromotion of the ions in such smaller crystals is also investigated through comparison with MD-simulations. Finally, the degree and progression of ordering in the plasma have been observed for various temperatures and compared with MD-simulations. Good qualitative agreement is again obtained. C1 Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Hornekaer, L (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Inst Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1998 VL 115 IS 1-4 BP 37 EP 40 DI 10.1023/A:1012676017179 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 144KA UT WOS:000077312700006 ER PT J AU Kramer, A Elliott, SR Marrs, RE Scofield, JH Stohlker, T AF Kramer, A Elliott, SR Marrs, RE Scofield, JH Stohlker, T TI The absorption edge technique at the Super-EBIT SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Euroconference on Atomic Physics with Stored Highly Charged Ions CY SEP 22-26, 1997 CL FERRARA, ITALY ID BEAM ION-TRAP; URANIUM IONS; HYDROGENLIKE AB In an experiment at the Super-EBIT in Livermore, the absorption edge technique has been applied for the investigation of the X-ray emission of heavy ions in a trap. The aim of the measurement was to resolve the Radiative Recombination transitions into the L-shell of the different ion species which are simultaneously present in the trap in order to measure directly their contribution to the charge state distribution. The energy resolution required was obtained by using a lead absorber foil in front of a solid state X-ray detector which constitutes a considerably improved resolution with respect to standard germanium detectors. C1 Inst Kernphys, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. GSI Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kramer, A (reprint author), Inst Kernphys, August Euler Str 6, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1998 VL 115 IS 1-4 BP 215 EP 219 DI 10.1023/A:1012673311244 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 144KA UT WOS:000077312700029 ER PT J AU Schaffer, HW Dunford, RW Kozhuharov, C Kramer, A Ludziejewski, T Mokler, PH Prinz, HT Rymuza, P Sarkadi, L Stohlker, T Swiat, P Warczak, A AF Schaffer, HW Dunford, RW Kozhuharov, C Kramer, A Ludziejewski, T Mokler, PH Prinz, HT Rymuza, P Sarkadi, L Stohlker, T Swiat, P Warczak, A TI The two-photon decay in helium-like gold SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Euroconference on Atomic Physics with Stored Highly Charged Ions CY SEP 22-26, 1997 CL FERRARA, ITALY ID 2-PHOTON DECAY; STATE; IONS AB Progress on a measurement of the spectral distribution of the two-photon decay of the 2(1)S0 level in helium-like gold is reported. A measurement of the exact shape of the continuous spectrum of the two-photon decay in heavy helium-like ions provides a sensitive test on the details of the complete structure of a helium-like system. In our experiment at GSI, a beam of 106.6 MeV/u Au77+ ions is excited by a thin Aluminum foil and the subsequent decays are observed in an array of Ge(i) detectors. C1 Gesell Schwerionenforsch Inst Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-05400 Otwock, Poland. Inst Nucl Res, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Schaffer, HW (reprint author), Gesell Schwerionenforsch Inst Darmstadt, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1998 VL 114 IS 1-4 BP 49 EP 53 DI 10.1023/A:1012601900824 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 144JY UT WOS:000077312400005 ER PT J AU Beiersdorfer, P Widmann, K Lopez-Urrutia, JC AF Beiersdorfer, P Widmann, K Lopez-Urrutia, JC TI QED and hyperfine splitting in the 2s(1/2)-2p(3/2) X-ray transition in lithium-like Bi80+ SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Euroconference on Atomic Physics with Stored Highly Charged Ions CY SEP 22-26, 1997 CL FERRARA, ITALY DE quantum electrodynamics; hyperfine transitions; high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy; electron beam ion trap; few-electron high-Z ions ID HELIUM-LIKE URANIUM; STATE LAMB SHIFT; BEAM ION-TRAP; HYDROGENLIKE URANIUM; CU-LIKE; U89+; ESR AB The measurement of the Bi80+ 2s(1/2)-2p(3/2) transition energy is discussed. The measurement resolved the hyperfine splitting of the (1s(2)2s) F = 4, 5 ground configuration and allowed a determination of the Lamb shift contributions with a precision of about 9 x 10(-4) providing the most accurate test of QED in a high-Z ion to date. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Beiersdorfer, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RI Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./F-7069-2011 OI Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./0000-0002-2937-8037 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1998 VL 114 IS 1-4 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1023/A:1012670421297 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 144JY UT WOS:000077312400014 ER PT J AU Rymuza, P Stohlker, T Ionescu, DC Bosch, F Kozhuharov, C Liesen, D Ludziejewski, T Kramer, A Mokler, PH Stachura, Z Swiat, P Warczak, A AF Rymuza, P Stohlker, T Ionescu, DC Bosch, F Kozhuharov, C Liesen, D Ludziejewski, T Kramer, A Mokler, PH Stachura, Z Swiat, P Warczak, A TI Higher-order effects studied for K-shell excitation of high-Z projectiles SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Euroconference on Atomic Physics with Stored Highly Charged Ions CY SEP 22-26, 1997 CL FERRARA, ITALY ID RADIATIVE ELECTRON-CAPTURE; ION-ATOM COLLISIONS; IONIZATION AB The study of projectile excitation of high-Z ions in collisions with light target atoms is a powerful tool for the investigation of magnetic and higher-order effects occurring in relativistic collisions. Very first investigations performed for bismuth ions were recently extended at the ESR storage ring by using He-like uranium ions in collisions with gaseous targets. At the ESR jet target, the absence of solid-state effects (e.g., multiple collisions) allows one to study higher order processes, such as. excitation and ionization or excitation and capture, occurring in single collisions. C1 Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-05400 Otwock, Poland. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Kernphys, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany. Gesell Schwerionenforsch Inst Darmstadt, D-64220 Darmstadt, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. H Niewodniczanski Inst Nucl Phys, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland. Jagiellonian Univ, Inst Phys, PL-30059 Krakow, Poland. RP Rymuza, P (reprint author), Soltan Inst Nucl Studies, PL-05400 Otwock, Poland. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1998 VL 114 IS 1-4 BP 171 EP 174 DI 10.1023/A:1012678623114 PG 4 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 144JY UT WOS:000077312400018 ER PT J AU Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Toellner, TS Hession, P Hu, M Sutter, J AF Sturhahn, W Alp, EE Toellner, TS Hession, P Hu, M Sutter, J TI Introduction to nuclear resonant scattering with synchrotron radiation SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applications of the Mossbauer Effect (ICAME 97) CY SEP 14-20, 1997 CL RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL ID MEV ENERGY RESOLUTION; MOSSBAUER-SPECTROSCOPY; AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; TIME RESOLUTION; X-RAYS; MONOCHROMATOR; DEPENDENCE; DETECTOR AB The concepts leading to the application of synchrotron radiation to elastic and inelastic nuclear resonant scattering are discussed. The resulting new experimental techniques are compared to conventional Mossbauer spectroscopy. A survey of situations that favor experiments with synchrotron radiation is offered. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sturhahn, W (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1998 VL 113 IS 1-4 BP 47 EP 58 DI 10.1023/A:1012607212694 PG 12 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 124CT UT WOS:000076164300005 ER PT J AU Leupold, O Bernhard, A Gerdau, E Jaschke, J Ruter, HD Shvydko, Y de Waard, H Alp, EE Hession, P Hu, M Sturhahn, W Sutter, J Toellner, T Chumakov, AI Metge, J Ruffer, R AF Leupold, O Bernhard, A Gerdau, E Jaschke, J Ruter, HD Shvydko, Y de Waard, H Alp, EE Hession, P Hu, M Sturhahn, W Sutter, J Toellner, T Chumakov, AI Metge, J Ruffer, R TI Relaxation experiments with synchrotron radiation SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applications of the Mossbauer Effect (ICAME 97) CY SEP 14-20, 1997 CL RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL ID NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING; BRAGG-DIFFRACTION AB Relaxation phenomena show up in standard energy domain Mossbauer spectra via line broadening. The evaluation of such spectra is in most cases done by adopting the stochastic theory mainly developed in the 60s and 70s. Due to the time structure and the polarization of the synchrotron radiation nuclear resonance forward scattering in the time domain gives valuable information on relaxation mechanisms. We report here mainly on Nuclear Forward Scattering (NFS) experiments investigating the paramagnetic relaxation of the Fe3+ ion in (NH)(4)(Al0.95Fe0.05)-Fe-57(SO4)(2) . 12H(2)O and briefly on recent investigations on charge fluctuations in Eu3S4. C1 Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. APS, Argonne, IL USA. ESRF, Grenoble, France. RP Leupold, O (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys 2, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1998 VL 113 IS 1-4 BP 81 EP 95 DI 10.1023/A:1012611313603 PG 15 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 124CT UT WOS:000076164300007 ER PT J AU Odeurs, J Coussement, R L'abbe, C Neyens, G Hoy, GR Alp, EE Sturhahn, W Toellner, T Johnson, C AF Odeurs, J Coussement, R L'abbe, C Neyens, G Hoy, GR Alp, EE Sturhahn, W Toellner, T Johnson, C TI Time-integrated energy domain measurements with synchrotron radiation SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Applications of the Mossbauer Effect (ICAME 97) CY SEP 14-20, 1997 CL RIO JANEIRO, BRAZIL ID NUCLEAR DIFFRACTION EXPERIMENTS; RESONANT SCATTERING AB A new time integrated method for the study of resonant nuclear scattering of synchrotron radiation in the forward direction or in Bragg directions is introduced. This method gives in principle similar information as the well known time differential method. A brief comparison of both methods is presented. The idea is to excite coherently the nuclei incorporated in two absorbers, one moving with respect to the other. The fields radiated by the nuclei from both absorbers interfere and each time the nuclear energy in one absorber matches, by Doppler modulation, the nuclear energy of the other, an extremum in the time integrated intensity is observed. The results of the first experiments at the Advanced Photon Source at the Argonne National Laboratory will be presented. C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern & Stralingsfys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Odeurs, J (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern & Stralingsfys, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI BUSSUM PA PO BOX 221, 1400 AE BUSSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1998 VL 113 IS 1-4 BP 455 EP 463 DI 10.1023/A:1012637514028 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 124CT UT WOS:000076164300040 ER PT S AU Stansfield, S Shawver, D Sobel, A AF Stansfield, S Shawver, D Sobel, A GP IEEE COMP SOC TI MediSim: A prototype VR system for training medical first responders SO IEEE 1998 VIRTUAL REALITY ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 1998 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium CY MAR 14-18, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Comp Graph, IEEE Neural Networks Council Virtual Real Tech Comm AB This paper presents a prototype virtual reality (Vp) system for training medical first responders. The initial application is to battlefield medicine and focuses on the training of medical corpsmen and other front-line personnel who might be called upon to provide emergency triage on the battlefield. The system is built upon Sandia's multiuser, distributed Vp platform and provides art interactive, immersive simulation capability. The user is represented by an Avatar and is able to manipulate his virtual instruments and carry out medical procedures. A dynamic casualty simulation provides realistic cues to the patient's condition (e.g. changing blood pressure and pulse) and responds to the actions of the trainee (e.g. a change in the color of a patient's skin may result from a check of the capillary refill rate.) The current casualty simulation is of an injury resulting in a tension pneumothorax. This casualty model was developed by the University of Pennsylvania and integrated into the Sandia MediSim system. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Stansfield, S (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1087-8270 BN 0-7803-4782-X J9 P IEEE VIRT REAL ANN PY 1998 BP 198 EP 205 DI 10.1109/VRAIS.1998.658490 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BK52S UT WOS:000072438600029 ER PT B AU Riley, DJ Turner, CD Kotulski, JD AF Riley, DJ Turner, CD Kotulski, JD GP IEEE TI Transient application of sub-cell wire and slot models to unstructured, tetrahedral-element meshes SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM - ANTENNAS: GATEWAYS TO THE GLOBAL NETWORK, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE AP-S INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium on Antennas - Gateways to the Global Network CY JUN 21-26, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP IEEE, Antennas & Propagat Soc, Int Union Radio Sci, USNC, BMW Mfg Corp, Georgia Inst Technol, Georgia Tech Res Inst, Clemson Univ, Electromagnet Sci, Sci Atlanta, Spartech Associates, Millimeter Wave Technol, Wang Electro Opto Corp C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Radiat & Electromagnet Anal Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Riley, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Radiat & Electromagnet Anal Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4478-2 J9 IEEE AP-S PY 1998 BP 592 EP 595 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BL38W UT WOS:000075349900144 ER PT J AU Gustafson, J AF Gustafson, J TI Computational verifiability and feasibility of the ASCI program SO IEEE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Scientists rely on computational science to provide answers for experimental problems. The author discusses the fallibility of a blind trust and emphasizes that stakes as high as nuclear disaster require better verification techniques. C1 US DOE, Ames Lab, Scalable Comp Lab, ISU, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP US DOE, Ames Lab, Scalable Comp Lab, ISU, 236B Harley Wilhelm Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM gus@amesLab.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1070-9924 J9 IEEE COMPUT SCI ENG JI IEEE Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 5 IS 1 BP 36 EP 45 DI 10.1109/99.660304 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA ZC955 UT WOS:000072636000006 ER PT S AU Rao, NSV Batsell, SG AF Rao, NSV Batsell, SG GP IEEE IEEE TI QoS routing via multiple paths using bandwidth reservation SO IEEE INFOCOM '98 - THE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS. 1-3: GATEWAY TO THE 21ST CENTURY SE IEEE INFOCOM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE-Computer-Society/IEEE-Communications-Society (INFOCOM 98) CY MAR 29-APR 02, 1998 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Commun Soc AB We consider two generic routing problems via multiple paths in a computer network wherein bandwidth can be reserved, and guaranteed, once reserved, on the links. The first problem requires that a message of finite length be transmitted from s to d within tau units of time. The second problem requires that a sequential message of tau units be transmitted at a rate of eta such that maximum time difference between two units received out of order is no more than q. We propose a polynomial-time algorithm to the first problem, and present simulation results to illustrate its applicability. We show the second problem to be NP-complete, and propose a polynomial-time approximate solution. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Rao, NSV (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. OI Rao, Nageswara/0000-0002-3408-5941 NR 0 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0743-166X BN 0-7803-4384-0 J9 IEEE INFOCOM SER PY 1998 BP 11 EP 18 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BK72G UT WOS:000073211700002 ER PT S AU Daniel, R Lagoze, C Payette, SD AF Daniel, R Lagoze, C Payette, SD GP IEEE COMP SOC IEEE COMP SOC TI A metadata architecture for digital libraries SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL FORUM ON RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES IN DIGITAL LIBRARIES -ADL'98-, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS - IEEE INTERNATIONAL FORUM ON RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES IN DIGITAL LIBRARIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Forum on Research and Technology Advances in Digital Libraries (ADL 98) CY APR 22-24, 1998 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Digital Libs, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Natl Lib Med, Alexandria Digital Lib, Lib Congress, CESDIS, Hughes Aircraft, IBM AB From an architectural perspective there is no essential distinction between data and metadata. Both can be represented in Distributed Active Relationships (DARs) which are an extension of the Warwick Framework. The DAR model is a powerful way to express relationships between networked resources and allow such relationships to be dynamically downloadable and executable. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Daniel, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1092-9959 BN 0-8186-8464-X J9 P IEEE INT FORUM RES PY 1998 BP 276 EP 288 DI 10.1109/ADL.1998.670428 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BK94U UT WOS:000073925000029 ER PT B AU Keahey, TA AF Keahey, TA BE Wills, G Dill, J TI The generalized detail-in-context problem SO IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION VISUALIZATION - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization CY OCT 19-20, 1998 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NC SP IEEE, Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Graph, Intel Corp, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Microsoft Corp AB This paper describes a general formulation of the "detail-in-context" problem, which is a central issue of fundamental importance to a wide variety of nonlinear magnification systems. A number of tools are described for dealing with this problem effectively. These tools can be applied to any continuous nonlinear magnification system, and are not tied to specific implementation features of the system that produced the original transformation. Of particular interest is the development of "seamless multi-level views", which allow multiple global views of an information space (each having different information content) to be integrated into a single view without discontinuity. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Keahey, TA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS B287, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-9093-3 PY 1998 BP 44 EP + DI 10.1109/INFVIS.1998.729558 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BM16F UT WOS:000077860100006 ER PT B AU Hetzler, B Whitney, P Martucci, L Thomas, J AF Hetzler, B Whitney, P Martucci, L Thomas, J BE Wills, G Dill, J TI Multi-faceted insight through interoperable visual information analysis paradigms SO IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION VISUALIZATION - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization CY OCT 19-20, 1998 CL RES TRIANGLE PK, NC SP IEEE, Comp Soc Tech Comm Comp Graph, Intel Corp, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Microsoft Corp DE information visualization; user scenario; information analysis; document analysis AB To gain insight and understanding of complex information collections, users must be able to visualize and explore many facets of the information. This paper presents several novel visual methods from an information analyst's perspective. We present a sample scenario, using the various methods to gain a variety of insights from a large information collection. We conclude that no single paradigm or visual method is sufficient for many analytical tasks. Often a suite of integrated methods offers a better analytic environment in today's emerging culture of information overload and rapidly changing issues. We also conclude that the interactions among these visual paradigms are equally as important as, if not more important than, the paradigms themselves. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Hetzler, B (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 0-8186-9093-3 PY 1998 BP 137 EP + DI 10.1109/INFVIS.1998.729570 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BM16F UT WOS:000077860100018 ER PT J AU Hsu, JS Kueck, JD Olszewski, M Casada, DA Otaduy, PJ Tolbert, LM AF Hsu, JS Kueck, JD Olszewski, M Casada, DA Otaduy, PJ Tolbert, LM TI Comparison of induction motor field efficiency evaluation methods SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of Industry-Applications-Society CY OCT 06-10, 1996 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Ind Applicat Soc DE accuracy; comparison; efficiency; field evaluation; IEEE Standard 112; induction motors; methods ID AIR-GAP TORQUE AB Unlike testing motor efficiency in a laboratory, certain methods given in IEEE Standard 112 cannot be used for motor efficiency evaluations in the field, For example, it is difficult to load a motor in the field with a dynamometer when the motor is already coupled to driven equipment, The motor efficiency field evaluation faces a different environment from that for which IEEE Standard 112 is chiefly written, A field evaluation method consists of one or several basic methods, This paper separates and compares the basic methods according to their physical natures, Their intrusivenesses and accuracies are also discussed, This paper is useful for field engineers to select or to establish a proper efficiency evaluation method by understanding the theories and error sources of the methods. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hsu, JS (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM hsujs@ornl.gov; kueckjd@ornl.gov; olszewskim@ornl.gov; casadada@ornl.gov; otaduypj@ornl.gov; tolbertlm@ornl.gov OI Tolbert, Leon/0000-0002-7285-609X NR 19 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-9994 EI 1939-9367 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD JAN-FEB PY 1998 VL 34 IS 1 BP 117 EP 125 DI 10.1109/28.658732 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YU517 UT WOS:000071725800015 ER PT J AU Ross, CA Ross, FM Bertero, G Tang, K AF Ross, CA Ross, FM Bertero, G Tang, K TI Microstructural evolution and thermal stability of thin CoCrTa/Cr films for longitudinal magnetic recording media SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Annual Magnetic Recording Conference (TMRC) on Magnetic Recording Systems CY SEP 08-10, 1997 CL UNIV MINESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA HO UNIV MINESOTA DE CoCrTa; hard-disk media; longitudinal media; superparamagnetism; transmission electron microscopy ID ULTRACLEAN SPUTTERING PROCESS; SWITCHING VOLUMES; TIME-DEPENDENCE; VISCOSITY; DENSITY; CONICR; COERCIVITY; NOISE AB The microstructure and time-dependent magnetic properties of 2.8-60-nm-thick films of CoCrTa sputtered onto a Cr underlayer were measured, The thinnest films have a discontinuous microstructure with several CoCrTa nuclei forming on each Cr grain, with small angular misalignments from the exact epitaxial crystal orientation, For films of 10-mn thickness and above, the grains coalesce, There is evidence for stacking faults at all thicknesses although their appearance in atomic resolution micrographs changes with thickness, Magnetic switching volumes were measured from the change in coercivity with the scan rate of the external magnetic field. The ratio KV/kT of magnetic-to-thermal energy within the switching volume decreases as the film thickness decreases, and films thinner than 10 mm have KV/kT < 60 and would show significant decay of recorded data if used in longitudinal media applications. The magnetic switching volumes are similar in magnitude but generally larger than the physical grain volume indicating magnetic interactions between the grains. C1 Komag Inc, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Natl Ctr Electron Microscopy, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ross, CA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 34 IS 1 BP 282 EP 292 DI 10.1109/20.650271 PN 2 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA YU402 UT WOS:000071713500013 ER PT J AU Burr, T AF Burr, T TI Comparison of fuzzy forecaster to a statistically motivated forecaster SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN AND CYBERNETICS PART A-SYSTEMS AND HUMANS LA English DT Article ID REGRESSION AB Recently a fuzzy forecaster (also called a fuzzy controller) was proposed as one method for forecasting an autoregressive time series. The approach in the fuzzy forecaster is similar to the approach in statistically motivated curve smoothers. However, the curve smoothers perform a beneficial type of data averaging that the current fuzzy forecasters do not employ. Also, the curve smoothers have a mature methodology for choosing the degree of smoothing. Therefore, in this paper we develop an enhanced fuzzy forecaster that uses some of the curve-smoother methodology and we compare the performance of the improved fuzzy forecaster to one particular curve smoother (loess) on eve real and five simulated data sets. The performance criterion is the one-step-ahead forecast error variance, and the loess method outperforms the fuzzy forecaster on all Eve simulated data sets, and four of the five real data sets. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Burr, T (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 USA SN 1083-4427 J9 IEEE T SYST MAN CY A JI IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Paart A-Syst. Hum. PD JAN PY 1998 VL 28 IS 1 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1109/3468.650329 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA YM436 UT WOS:000071063300012 ER PT J AU Williams, PL Max, NL Stein, CM AF Williams, PL Max, NL Stein, CM TI A high accuracy volume renderer for unstructured data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS LA English DT Article DE volume rendering; unstructured meshes; high accuracy; finite element method; isosurfaces; splatting; cell projection; visibility ordering; depth sorting AB This paper describes a volume rendering system for unstructured data, especially finite element data, that creates images with very high accuracy. The system will currently handle meshes whose cells are either linear or quadratic tetrahedra. Compromises or approximations are not introduced for the sake of efficiency. Whenever possible, exact mathematical solutions for the radiance integrals involved and for interpolation are used. The system will also handle meshes with mixed cell types: tetrahedra, bricks, prisms, wedges, and pyramids, but not with high accuracy. Accurate semitransparent shaded isosurfaces may be embedded in the volume rendering. For very small cells, subpixel accumulation by splatting is used to avoid sampling error. A revision to an existing accurate visibility ordering algorithm is described, which includes a correction and a method for dramatically increasing its efficiency. Finally, hardware assisted projection and compositing are extended from tetrahedra to arbitrary convex polyhedra. C1 IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, H0-C10,30 Saw Mill River Rd, Hawthorne, NY 10532 USA. EM p.williams@computer.org; max2@nllnl.gov; stein2@llnl.gov NR 42 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1077-2626 EI 1941-0506 J9 IEEE T VIS COMPUT GR JI IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. PD JAN-MAR PY 1998 VL 4 IS 1 BP 37 EP 54 DI 10.1109/2945.675650 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA ZK874 UT WOS:000073372500003 ER PT B AU Beiu, V Makaruk, HE AF Beiu, V Makaruk, HE GP IEEE TI Small fan-in is beautiful SO IEEE WORLD CONGRESS ON COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 98) CY MAY 04-09, 1998 CL ANCHORAGE, AK SP Int Neural Network Soc, IEEE, Neural Networks Council, IEEE, Alaska Sect AB The starting points of this paper are two size-optimal solutions: (i) one for implementing arbitrary Boolean functions [13]; and (ii) another one for implementing certain sub-classes of Boolean functions [20]. Because VLSI implementations do not cope well with highly interconnected nets - the area of a chip grows with the cube of the fan-in [12] - this paper will analyse the influence of limited fan-in on the size optimality for the two solutions mentioned. First, we will extend one result from Horne & Hush [13] valid for fan-in Delta = 2 to arbitrary fan-in. Second, we will prove that size-optimal solutions are obtained for small constant fan-ins for both constructions, while relative minimum size solutions can be obtained for fan-ins strictly lower that linear. These results are in agreement with similar ones proving that for small constant fan-ins (Delta = 6 ... 9) there exist VLSI-optimal (i.e., minimising AT(2)) solutions [6], while there are similar small constants relating to our capacity of processing information [17]. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Div NIS 1, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beiu, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Div NIS 1, MS D466, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Beiu, Valeriu/F-7799-2015 OI Beiu, Valeriu/0000-0001-8185-956X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4860-5 PY 1998 BP 1321 EP 1326 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Medical Informatics; Neurosciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Medical Informatics; Neurosciences & Neurology GA BL15D UT WOS:000074493400242 ER PT B AU Richman, EE Jones, CC Lindsley, J AF Richman, EE Jones, CC Lindsley, J GP ILLUMINATING ENGN SOC N AMER ILLUMINATING ENGN SOC N AMER ILLUMINATING ENGN SOC N AMER TI An empirical data based method for development of lighting energy standards SO IESNA ANNUAL CONFERENCE TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IESNA Annual Conference CY AUG 10-12, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Illuminating Engn Soc N Amer C1 Pacific NW Labs, LC, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Richman, EE (reprint author), Pacific NW Labs, LC, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOC NORTH AMERICA PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2377 USA PY 1998 BP 117 EP 132 PG 16 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BM02R UT WOS:000077437000008 ER PT B AU Clear, R Rubinstein, F AF Clear, R Rubinstein, F GP ILLUMINATING ENGN SOC N AMER ILLUMINATING ENGN SOC N AMER ILLUMINATING ENGN SOC N AMER TI A cost benefit analysis applied to lumen maintenance controls SO IESNA ANNUAL CONFERENCE TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IESNA Annual Conference CY AUG 10-12, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Illuminating Engn Soc N Amer AB Lumen maintenance control systems utilize a dimming ballast and a light sensor to maintain a fixed light level despite dirt buildup and lamp degradation. Such systems use less energy than standard static systems, where light levels start high and slowly drop as the system ages. The economic arguments to justify lumen maintenance controls appear to have been based on treating tangible costs only (energy and installation costs). We have performed an economic analysis of these systems that includes an estimate for the value (or benefit) of the light. Our analysis shows that lumen maintenance systems are not economic if the lighting benefit increases linearly with illuminance over the range of likely operation. A large number of simulations were run to evaluate other reasonable benefit functions. It was found that even an ideal dimming system (i.e., no cost premium and no loss of efficacy compared to a static system) was cost-effective only if benefits actually declined at higher light levels (because of glare, or preference), or if the space was overlit. When real costs and efficiencies were included in the simulations, the lumen maintenance systems were only cost-effective when both the above conditions applied. Our conclusion is that lumen maintenance control systems are generally not a cost-effective way of saving energy. This conclusion applies only to the economics of using dimming ballasts for lumen maintenance. It does not apply to the use of dimming ballasts for daylight-linking, task tuning, or load shedding. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Clear, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOC NORTH AMERICA PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2377 USA PY 1998 BP 133 EP 161 PG 29 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BM02R UT WOS:000077437000009 ER PT B AU Lee, ES DiBartolomeo, DL Selkowitz, SE AF Lee, ES DiBartolomeo, DL Selkowitz, SE GP ILLUMINATING ENGN SOC N AMER ILLUMINATING ENGN SOC N AMER ILLUMINATING ENGN SOC N AMER TI The effect of venetian blinds on daylight photoelectric control performance SO IESNA ANNUAL CONFERENCE TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IESNA Annual Conference CY AUG 10-12, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Illuminating Engn Soc N Amer AB We investigate how a venetian blind, a common but optically-complex fenestration system, contributes to the unreliable performance of daylighting control systems. Using a fully instrumented, full-scale testbed facility, we monitored the daylighting performance of an automated venetian blind/lighting system in a private office over the course of a year. The relationship between workplane illuminance from daylight and photosensor signal is characterized in terms of solar condition and venetian blind angle. This characterization can be used by the installer to determine whether the adjustments made during commissioning will lead to reliable control performance under most daylight conditions. Commissioning guidelines are given based on our observations of this specific case study. We quantified the consequences of commissioning errors on our prototype daylighting control performance. With a middle-of-the-road gain constant, monitored workplane illuminance levels did not fall below 90% of design for 98% of the year. When failure occurred, discrepancies between the daylight correlation fit and measured conditions were the primary cause of insufficient illuminance at the workplane. This low rate of failure is not applicable to commercially-available systems because 1) typical systems are rarely commissioned properly upon installation, and 2) off-the-shelf systems combine the response of the photosensor to daylight and electric light into one gain parameter. Even though the prototype system was subject to the same discrepancies in the correlation fit as commercially-available systems, performance was substantially improved because the prototype was able to separate the electric lighting contribution to workplane illuminance from the daylighting contribution at no added cost. Commissioning should accommodate the impact of the fenestration system, since variations in luminance distributions produced by the window are the primary cause of unreliable performance. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lee, ES (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Bldg Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOC NORTH AMERICA PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2377 USA PY 1998 BP 231 EP 244 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BM02R UT WOS:000077437000014 ER PT B AU Rubinstein, F Jennings, J Avery, D Blanc, S AF Rubinstein, F Jennings, J Avery, D Blanc, S GP ILLUMINATING ENGN SOC N AMER ILLUMINATING ENGN SOC N AMER ILLUMINATING ENGN SOC N AMER TI Preliminary results from an advanced lighting controls testbed SO IESNA ANNUAL CONFERENCE TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IESNA Annual Conference CY AUG 10-12, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Illuminating Engn Soc N Amer AB Preliminary results from a large-scale testbed of advanced lighting control technologies at the Phillip Burton Federal Building at 450 Golden Gate Ave. in San Francisco are presented. The first year objective of this project is to determine the sustainable energy savings and cost-effectiveness of different lighting control technologies compared to a portion of the building where only minimal controls are installed. The paper presents the analyzed results from six months of tests focused on accurately characterizing the energy savings potential of one type of daylight-linked lighting controls compared to the lighting in similar open-planned areas without dimming controls. After analyzing a half year's data, we determined that the annual energy savings for this type of daylight-linked controls was 41% and 30% for the outer rows of lights on the South and North sides of the building, respectively. The annual energy savings dropped to 22% and 16% for the second row of lights for the South and North, respectively, and was negligible for the third rows of lights. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bldg Technol Program, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rubinstein, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Bldg Technol Program, MS 90-3111, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOC NORTH AMERICA PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2377 USA PY 1998 BP 251 EP 271 PG 21 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BM02R UT WOS:000077437000016 ER PT B AU Driscoll, D Yazdanian, M Siminovitch, M AF Driscoll, D Yazdanian, M Siminovitch, M GP ILLUMINATING ENGN SOC N AMER ILLUMINATING ENGN SOC N AMER ILLUMINATING ENGN SOC N AMER TI Structural stability analysis of a quartz fiber optic coupler under thermal loading SO IESNA ANNUAL CONFERENCE TECHNICAL PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IESNA Annual Conference CY AUG 10-12, 1998 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Illuminating Engn Soc N Amer C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Lighting Syst Res Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Driscoll, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Lighting Syst Res Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOC NORTH AMERICA PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2377 USA PY 1998 BP 555 EP 565 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BM02R UT WOS:000077437000031 ER PT B AU Flynn, TJ AF Flynn, TJ BE Stein, TI TI Phase unwrapping using discontinuity optimization SO IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5: SENSING AND MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment CY JUL 06-10, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Washington, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB In SAR interferometry, the periodicity of the phase must be removed using two-dimensional phase unwrapping. The goal of the procedure is to find a smooth surface in which large spatial phase differences, called discontinuities, are restricted to places where their presence is reasonable. The pioneering work of Goldstein et al. identified points of local unwrap inconsistency called residues, which must be connected by discontinuities. This paper presents an overview of recent work that treats phase unwrapping as a discrete optimization problem with the constraint that residues must be connected. Several algorithms use heuristic methods to reduce the total number of discontinuities. Constantini has introduced the weighted sum of discontinuity magnitudes as a criterion of unwrap error and shown how algorithms from optimization theory are used to minimize it. Pixels of low quality are given low weight to guide discontinuities away From smooth, high-quality regions. This method is generally robust, but if noise is severe it underestimates the steepness of slopes and the heights of peaks. This problem is mitigated by subtracting (modulo 2 pi) a smooth estimate of the unwrapped phase from the data, then unwrapping the resulting residual phase. The unwrapped residual is added to the smooth estimate to produce the final unwrapped phase. The estimate can be computed by lowpass filtering of an existing unwrapped phase; this makes possible an iterative algorithm in which the result of each iteration provides the estimate for the next. An example illustrates the results of optimal discontinuity placement and the improvement from unwrapping of the residual phase. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Flynn, TJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 1207, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4403-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1998 BP 80 EP 82 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.1998.702805 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BL34S UT WOS:000075217100027 ER PT B AU Borel, CC AF Borel, CC BE Stein, TI TI Surface emissivity and temperature retrieval for a hyperspectral sensor SO IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5: SENSING AND MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment CY JUL 06-10, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Washington, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB With the growing use of hyper-spectral imagers, e.g. AVIRIS in the visible and short-wave infrared there is hope of using such instruments in the mid-wave and thermal IR (TIR) some day. We believe that this will enable us to get around using the present temperature - emissivity separation algorithms using methods which take advantage of the many channels available in hyperspectral imagers. A simple fact used in coming up with a novel algorithm is that a typical surface emissivity spectrum are rather smooth compared to spectral features introduced by the atmosphere. Thus a iterative solution technique can be devised which retrieves emissivity spectra based on spectral smoothness. To make the emissivities realistic, atmospheric parameters are varied using approximations, look-up tables derived from a radiative transfer code and spectral libraries. One such iterative algorithm solves the radiative transfer equation for the radiance at the sensor for the unknown emissivity and uses the blackbody temperature computed in an atmospheric window to get a guess for the unknown surface temperature. By varying the surface temperature over a small range a series of emissivity spectra are calculated. The one with the smoothest characteristic is chosen. The algorithm was tested on synthetic data using MODTRAN and the Salisbury emissivity database. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Borel, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS-2,MS C323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4403-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1998 BP 546 EP 549 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.1998.702966 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BL34S UT WOS:000075217100178 ER PT B AU Petrie, GM Wukelic, GE Hanna, RW AF Petrie, GM Wukelic, GE Hanna, RW BE Stein, TI TI Effectiveness of current remote sensing systems for monitoring environmental conditions at US Army installations SO IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5: SENSING AND MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment CY JUL 06-10, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Washington, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Petrie, GM (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 3200 Q Ave K9-55, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4403-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1998 BP 847 EP 850 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.1998.699603 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BL34S UT WOS:000075217100275 ER PT B AU Steinmaus, KL Irwin, DE Stephan, AJ Kruger, S Nissen, P AF Steinmaus, KL Irwin, DE Stephan, AJ Kruger, S Nissen, P BE Stein, TI TI Innovative environmental management using remote sensing at the US Army's Yakima Training Center, Yakima, Washington SO IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5: SENSING AND MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment CY JUL 06-10, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Washington, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB In response to increasing environmental management demands, and to preserve the U.S. Army's Yakima Training Center (YTC) in a trainable condition, the U.S. Army's Directorate of Environment and Natural Resources Directorate (DENR) has initiated projects to more effectively utilize advanced technology, including remote monitoring. A ten-year effort, conducted by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), is developing and applying customized remote sensing and GIS techniques in support of environmental management activities at the YTC. This effort has emphasized the use of satellite imagery for operationally mapping and monitoring vegetation and land cover on the YTC, but has also utilized and evaluated a number of airborne remote sensing systems including AVIRIS(1), AMPS(2), and HYDICE3. This effort utilizes a ten-year database of satellite imagery, aerial photography, and high-resolution multispectral/hyperspectral imagery in combination with digital terrain elevation data, high-resolution lidar-derived elevation data, and ground truth data. This unique database provides landcover change information required for quantifying training-related environmental effects and is used for planning and determining the effectiveness of restoration efforts. This poster presentation will demonstrate the use of these databases for generating a variety of mapping products, including a vegetation map, fire and fire history maps, 1-, 5-, and 10 year change detection analyses, restoration planning and degradation maps. In addition, focused studies have been conducted to evaluate how high spatial and spectral data can be used for identifying and mapping noxious weed infestations, better quantification of training-related impacts on the environment, and technology transfer to other U.S. Army installations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Steinmaus, KL (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Labs, POB 999,K9-55, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4403-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1998 BP 851 EP 852 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.1998.699604 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BL34S UT WOS:000075217100276 ER PT B AU Perry, EM Foote, HP Petrie, GM Steinmaus, KL Irvin, DE Stephan, AJ AF Perry, EM Foote, HP Petrie, GM Steinmaus, KL Irvin, DE Stephan, AJ BE Stein, TI TI Exploitation of hyperspectral imagery and lidar for landuse classification SO IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5: SENSING AND MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment CY JUL 06-10, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Washington, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB The goal of this research is the development of near-autonomous methods to remotely classify and characterize regions of military interest, in support of the Terrain Modeling Project Office (TMPO) of the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA). These methods exploit remotely sensed data sets including hyperspectral (HYDICE) imagery, near infrared and thermal infrared (Daedalus 3600), radar, in addition to terrain datasets. Data normalization and sub-pixel image registration are critical to the successful outcome of data fusion of these various types of imagery. While there has been a lot of attention toward potential contributions of hyperspectral imagery, very little has been published on the necessary pre-processing of hyperspectral data in order to extract information from imagery over large areas. This poster focuses on the methods and uncertainties associated with the necessary data processing of the hyperspectral datasets. In particular, the issues associated with mosaicking large numbers of frames of HYDICE data are discussed: first, the radiometric normalization and determination of apparent surface reflectance (atmospheric modeling versus direct calibration with ground reflectance panels), second, image registration (geometric correction), and third, hyperspectral band selection. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Perry, EM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999,K9-55, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4403-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1998 BP 1013 EP 1015 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.1998.699657 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BL34S UT WOS:000075217100329 ER PT B AU Ives, RW Eichel, P Magotra, N AF Ives, RW Eichel, P Magotra, N BE Stein, TI TI Application of pixel segmentation to the low rate compression of complex SAR imagery SO IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5: SENSING AND MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment CY JUL 06-10, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Washington, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB This paper describes a technique to identify pixels within a subregion ("chip") of a complex or detected SAR image which are to be losslessly compressed while the remainder of the image is subjected to a high compression ratio. This multi-modal compression is required for the intelligent low rate compression of SAR imagery, which addresses the problem of transmitting massive amounts of high resolution complex SAR data from a remote airborne sensor to a ground station for exploitation by an automatic target recognition (ATR) system, in a real time environment, over a narrow bandwidth. The ATR system results might then be presented to an image analyst who, using the contextual information from the SAR image, makes final target determination. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ives, RW (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800-0843, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4403-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1998 BP 1064 EP 1067 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.1998.699674 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BL34S UT WOS:000075217100346 ER PT B AU Villeneuve, PV Gerstl, SA Asner, GP AF Villeneuve, PV Gerstl, SA Asner, GP BE Stein, TI TI Estimating nonlinear mixing effects for arid vegetation scenes with MISR channels and observation directions SO IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5: SENSING AND MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment CY JUL 06-10, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Washington, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB A Monte-Carlo ray-trace model has been applied to simulated sparse vegetation desert canopies in an effort to quantify the spectral mixing (both linear and nonlinear) occurring as a result of radiative interactions between vegetation and soil. This work is of interest as NASA is preparing to launch new instrument such as MISR and MODE. MISR will observe each ground pixel from nine different directions in three visible channels and one near-infrared channel. It is desired to study angular variations in spectral mixing by quantifying the amount of nonlinear spectral mixing occurring in the MISR observing directions. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Villeneuve, PV (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, NIS-2,MS C-323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Asner, Gregory/G-9268-2013 OI Asner, Gregory/0000-0001-7893-6421 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4403-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1998 BP 1234 EP 1236 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.1998.691361 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BL34S UT WOS:000075217100400 ER PT B AU Petrie, GM Heasler, PG Warner, T AF Petrie, GM Heasler, PG Warner, T BE Stein, TI TI Optimal band selection strategies for hyperspectral data sets SO IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5: SENSING AND MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment CY JUL 06-10, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Washington, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Remote Sensing (http://www.pnl.gov/remote/) group, in cooperation with the West Virginia University (http://www.geo.wvu.edu/similar to warner/welcome.htm), have been developing, testing and applying hyperspectral data sets ranging from early AVRIS (http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/mip/aviris.html) data sets to HYDICE (http://rsd-www.nrl.navy.mil/hydice/) systems to characterize subtle landcover features. For example, using high resolution HYDICE data we were able to discern subtle spectral differences among vegetation types that differentiate noxious weeds. This differentiation was not possible with low resolution multispectal data sets. However, the large amounts of data that must be processed present significant problems to the end user. These include increased operational complexity and cost, computational burdens, data transmission bandwidth limitations, and loss of capabilities that might be offered through system trade-offs. In order to help overcome these problems a number of band selection strategies were developed and tested that significantly reduced the requirement to process and analyze redundant data. For instance, in one strategy the amount of statistical separation between classes is used to optimize the selection of bands. This methodology works particularly well to enhance the use of a priori information (e.g., laboratory spectra of the classes of interest) to optimize collection strategies. An alternative strategy using spatial autocorrelation has proved particularly useful for selecting bands when there is little a priori knowledge of the scene. We have also investigated extensions of other workers' band selection methodologies that have proven useful, in general the application of these methods suggests that the number of bands needed to solve a given problem can often be reduced to 10 or less. In many cases this reduction in bands can remove significant barriers to the application of hyperspectral data to a large number of environmental problem sets. C1 Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Petrie, GM (reprint author), Pacific NW Labs, PO 999,K9-55, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4403-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1998 BP 1582 EP 1584 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.1998.691626 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BL34S UT WOS:000075217100511 ER PT B AU Yocky, DA AF Yocky, DA BE Stein, TI TI Interferometric SAR coherence classification utility assessment SO IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5: SENSING AND MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment CY JUL 06-10, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Washington, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB The classification utility of a dual-antenna interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) is explored by comparison of maximum likelihood classification results for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) intensity images and IFSAR intensity and coherence images. The addition of IFSAR coherence improves the overall classification accuracy for classes of trees, water, and fields. A threshold intensity-coherence classifier is also compared to the intensity-only classification results. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Yocky, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS1207, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4403-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1998 BP 1784 EP 1786 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.1998.703651 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BL34S UT WOS:000075217100577 ER PT B AU Thompson, PA Eichel, PH Calloway, TM AF Thompson, PA Eichel, PH Calloway, TM BE Stein, TI TI Improving terrain height estimates from RADARSAT interferometric measurements SO IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5: SENSING AND MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment CY JUL 06-10, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Washington, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB We describe two methods of combining two-pass RADAR-SAT interferometric phase maps with existing DTED (digital terrain elevation data) to produce improved terrain height estimates. The first is a least-squares estimation procedure that fits the unwrapped phase data to a phase map computed from the DTED. The second is a filtering technique that combines the interferometric height map with the DTED map based on spatial frequency content. Both methods preserve the high fidelity of the interferometric data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Thompson, PA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800-1207, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4403-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1998 BP 1917 EP 1919 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.1998.703694 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BL34S UT WOS:000075217100619 ER PT B AU Turner, DD Whiteman, DN Evans, KD Melfi, SH Goldsmith, JEM Schwemmer, GK AF Turner, DD Whiteman, DN Evans, KD Melfi, SH Goldsmith, JEM Schwemmer, GK BE Stein, TI TI Water vapor measurements by Raman lidar during the ARM 1997 water vapor intensive observation period SO IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5: SENSING AND MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment CY JUL 06-10, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Washington, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Turner, DD (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999,MS K7-28, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4403-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1998 BP 2155 EP 2157 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.1998.703771 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BL34S UT WOS:000075217100696 ER PT B AU Doren, N Wahl, DE AF Doren, N Wahl, DE BE Stein, TI TI Implementation of SAR interferometric map generation using parallel processors SO IGARSS '98 - 1998 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1-5: SENSING AND MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENT SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1998 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 98) on Sensing and Managing the Environment CY JUL 06-10, 1998 CL SEATTLE, WA SP IEEE, Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Univ Washington, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Natl Space Dev Agcy Japan, Int Union Radio Sci AB Interferometric fringe maps are generated by accurately registering a pair of complex SAR images of the same scene imaged from two very similar geometries, and calculating the phase difference between the two images by averaging over a neighborhood of pixels at each spatial location. The phase difference (fringe) map resulting from this IFSAR operation is then unwrapped and used to calculate the height estimate of the imaged terrain. Although the method used to calculate interferometric fringe maps is well known [1], it is generally executed in a post-processing mode well after the image pairs have been collected. In that mode of operation, there is little concern about algorithm speed and the method is normally implemented on a single processor machine. This paper describes how the interferometric map generation is implemented on a distributed-memory parallel processing machine. This particular implementation is designed to operate on a 16 node Power-PC platform and to generate interferometric maps in near real-time. The implementation is able to accommodate large translational offsets, along with a slight amount of rotation which may exist between the interferometric pair of images. If the number of pixels in the IFSAR image is large enough, the implementation accomplishes nearly linear speed-up times with the addition of processors. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Syst Assessment & Res Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Doren, N (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Syst Assessment & Res Ctr, POB 5800,Mail Stop 1207, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4403-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1998 BP 2640 EP 2642 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.1998.702305 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BL34S UT WOS:000075217100853 ER PT S AU Byrd, DA Atkins, WH Bender, SC Christensen, RW Michaud, FD AF Byrd, DA Atkins, WH Bender, SC Christensen, RW Michaud, FD BE Arecchi, AV TI Vacuum-compatible standard diffuse source, manufacture and calibration SO ILLUMINATION AND SOURCE ENGINEERING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Illumination and Source Engineering CY JUL 23, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP SPIE Int Soc Opt Engn DE calibration; vacuum compatible visible integrating sphere; spectral radiance; uniform source; evaporator system; integrating sphere AB Los Alamos National Laboratories has completed the design, manufacture and calibration of a vacuum-compatible, tungsten lamp, integrating sphere. The light source has been calibrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and is intended for use as a calibration standard for remote sensing instrumentation. Calibration 20 uncertainty varied with wavelength from 1.21% at 400 nm and 0.73% at 900nm, to 3.95% at 2400nm. The inner radius of the Spectralon-coated sphere is 21.2 cm with a 7.4 cm square exit aperture. A small satellite sphere is attached to the main sphere and its output coupled through a stepper motor driven aperture. The variable aperture allows a constant radiance without effecting the color temperature output from the main sphere. The sphere's output is transmitted into a vacuum test environment through a fused silica window that is an integral part of the outer housing of the vacuum shell assembly. The atmosphere within this outer housing is composed of 240 degrees K nitrogen gas, provided by a custom LN2 vaporizer unit. Use of the nitrogen gas maintains the internal temperature of the sphere at a nominal 300 degrees K +/- 10 degrees? The calibrated spectral range of the source is 0.4.mu m through 2.4 mu m. Three, color temperature matched, 20 W bulbs together with a 10 W bulb are within the main integrating sphere. Two 20 W bulbs, also color temperature matched, reside in the satellite integrating sphere. A Silicon and a Germanium broadband detector are situated within the inner surface of the main sphere. Their purpose is for the measurement of the internal broadband irradiance. A fiber-optic-coupled spectrometer measures the internal color temperature that is maintained by current control on the lamps. Each lamp is independently operated allowing for radiances with common color temperatures ranging from near 0.026 W/cm(2)/sr to about 0.1 W/cm(2)/sr at a wavelength of 0.9 mu m (the location of the peak spectral radiance). C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Byrd, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS C323, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2883-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3428 BP 9 EP 21 DI 10.1117/12.327962 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BL91S UT WOS:000077137500002 ER PT S AU Hemez, FM AF Hemez, FM GP SOC EXPT MECH INC SOC EXPT MECH INC TI Can model updating tell the truth? SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) - Model Updating and Correlation CY FEB 02-05, 1998 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech AB This paper discusses to which extent updating methods may be able to correct finite element models in such a way that the test structure is better simulated. After having unified some of the most popular modal residues used as the basis for optimization algorithms, the relationship between modal residues and model correlation is investigated. This theoretical approach leads to an error estimator that may be implemented to provide an a priori upper bound of a model's predictive quality relative to test data. These estimates however assume that a full measurement set is available. Finally, an application example is presented that illustrates the effectiveness of the estimator proposed when less measurement points than degrees of freedom are available. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, EA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hemez, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA, EA, M-S P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-59-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3243 BP 1 EP 7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BK40H UT WOS:000072063100001 ER PT S AU Segalman, DJ Fulcher, CWG Reese, GM Field, RV AF Segalman, DJ Fulcher, CWG Reese, GM Field, RV GP SOC EXPT MECH INC SOC EXPT MECH INC TI An efficient method for calculating RMS vonMises stress in a random vibration environment SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) - Model Updating and Correlation CY FEB 02-05, 1998 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech AB An efficient method is presented for calculation of RMS von Mises stresses from stress component transfer functions and the Fourier representation of random input forces. An efficient implementation of the method calculates the RMS stresses directly from the linear stress and displacement modes. The key relation presented is one suggested in past literature, but does not appear to have been previously exploited in this manner. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam & Vibrat Control Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Segalman, DJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam & Vibrat Control Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Field, Richard/K-6468-2013 OI Field, Richard/0000-0002-2765-7032 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-59-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3243 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BK40H UT WOS:000072063100019 ER PT S AU Simmermacher, T Mayes, R Came, TG AF Simmermacher, T Mayes, R Came, TG GP SOC EXPT MECH INC SOC EXPT MECH INC TI Identification of support conditions SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) - Model Updating and Correlation CY FEB 02-05, 1998 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech AB In this paper, a support and preload system is presented in which the frequencies and damping of the test article are affected by the stiffness and damping of the supporting structure. A dynamic model is derived for the support system that includes the damping as well as the mass and stiffness of the supports. The frequencies, damping, and mode shapes are compared with the experimentally determined parameters. It is shown that for a seemingly simple support system, deriving a predictive model is not a trivial task. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87125 USA. RP Simmermacher, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87125 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-59-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3243 BP 484 EP 486 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BK40H UT WOS:000072063100069 ER PT S AU Mayes, RL Johansen, DD AF Mayes, RL Johansen, DD GP SOC EXPT MECH INC SOC EXPT MECH INC TI A modal parameter extraction algorithm using best-fit reciprocal vectors SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) - Model Updating and Correlation CY FEB 02-05, 1998 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech AB The dot product of a reciprocal modal vector with a vector of frequency response functions (FRFs) can produce a generalized coordinate FRF that has single-degree-of-freedom response. A modal extraction algorithm is developed based on this concept. A generalized coordinate FRF is assumed with a corresponding frequency and damping. The least squares fit reciprocal modal vector is determined for a set of experimental FRFs. The correlation coefficient is used to determine the quality of fit. This is done for several discrete frequency and damping values that cover the parameter space of interest. Over this parameter space, local maxima of the correlation coefficient can be used to identify roots of the system. An example is given utilizing experimental data. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Expt Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Mayes, RL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Expt Struct Dynam Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-59-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3243 BP 517 EP 521 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BK40H UT WOS:000072063100075 ER PT S AU Dohrmann, CR Carne, TG AF Dohrmann, CR Carne, TG GP SOC EXPT MECH INC SOC EXPT MECH INC TI Model refinement using transient response SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) - Model Updating and Correlation CY FEB 02-05, 1998 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech AB A method is presented for estimating uncertain or unknown parameters in a mathematical model using measurements of transient response. The method is based on. a least squares formulation in which the differences between the model and test-based responses are minimized. An application of the method is presented for a nonlinear structural dynamic system. The method is also applied to a model of the Department of Energy armored tractor trailer. For the subject problem, the transient response was generated by driving the vehicle over a bump of prescribed shape and size. Results from the analysis and inspection of the test data revealed that a linear model of the vehicle's suspension is not adequate to accurately predict the response caused by the bump. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Dohrmann, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0439, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-59-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3243 BP 630 EP 636 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BK40H UT WOS:000072063100092 ER PT S AU Alvin, KF AF Alvin, KF GP SOC EXPT MECH INC SOC EXPT MECH INC TI Efficient computation of eigenvector sensitivities for structural dynamics via conjugate gradients SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) - Model Updating and Correlation CY FEB 02-05, 1998 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech AB An iterative procedure is presented for computing eigenvector sensitivities due to finite element model parameter variations. The present method is a Preconditioned Conjugate Projected Gradient-based technique and is intended to utilize the existing matrix factorizations developed for an iterative eigensolution such as Lanczos or Subspace Iteration. As such, this technique can be integrated into a coupled eigensolver/sensitivity software module and leverage the nonrecurring costs of the solver. The use of projection operators in the algorithm is dictated by the indefinite character of the governing coefficient matrix of the eigenvector derivative. Two model examples are provided to demonstrate both the accuracy of the present technique and its superior efficiency as compared to existing techniques with similar accuracy. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam & Vibrat Control Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alvin, KF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam & Vibrat Control Dept, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0439, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-59-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3243 BP 652 EP 659 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BK40H UT WOS:000072063100095 ER PT S AU Simmermacher, T Segalman, D Sagartz, M AF Simmermacher, T Segalman, D Sagartz, M GP SOC EXPT MECH INC SOC EXPT MECH INC TI A mechanical diode: Comparing numerical and experimental characterizations SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) - Model Updating and Correlation CY FEB 02-05, 1998 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech AB In this introductory work, joint compliance is studied in both a numerical and experimental setting. A simple bolted interface is used as the test article and compliance is measured for the joint in both compression and in tension. This simple interface is shown to exhibit a strong non-linearity near the transition from compression to tension (or vice-versa). Modeling issues pertaining to numerically solving for the compliance are address. It is shown that the model predicts the experimental strains and compliance fairly well. It will be seen that the joint behavior is a mechanical analogy to a diode. In compression, the joint is very stiff, acting almost as a rigid link, while in tension the joint is soft, acting as a soft spring. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Simmermacher, T (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-59-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3243 BP 718 EP 722 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BK40H UT WOS:000072063100104 ER PT S AU Farrar, CR Doebling, SW Cornwell, PJ AF Farrar, CR Doebling, SW Cornwell, PJ GP SOC EXPT MECH INC SOC EXPT MECH INC TI A comparison study of modal parameter confidence intervals computed using the Monte Carlo and bootstrap techniques SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) - Model Updating and Correlation CY FEB 02-05, 1998 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech AB This paper presents a comparison of two techniques used to estimate the statistical confidence intervals on modal parameters identified from measured vibration data. The first technique is Monte Carlo simulation, which involves the repeated simulation of random data sets based on the statistics of the measured data and an assumed distribution of the variability in the measured data. A standard modal identification procedure is repeatedly applied to the randomly perturbed data sets to form a statistical distribution on the identified modal parameters. The second technique is the Bootstrap approach, where individual frequency response function (FRF) measurements are randomly selected with replacement to form an ensemble average. This procedure, in effect, randomly weights the Various FRF measurements. These weighted averages of the FRFs are then put through the modal identification procedure. The modal parameters identified from each randomly weighted data set are then used to define a statistical distribution for these parameters. The basic difference in the two techniques is that the Monte Carlo technique requires the assumption on the form of the distribution of the variability in the measured data, while the bootstrap technique does not. Also, the Monte Carlo technique can only estimate random errors, while the bootstrap statistics represent both random and bias (systematic) variability such as that arising from changing environmental conditions. However, the bootstrap technique requires that every frequency response function be saved for each average during the data acquisition process. Neither method can account for bias introduced during the estimation of the FRFs. The confidence intervals resulting from the applications of the two techniques to modal properties identified from frequency response function data measured on the Alamosa Canyon bridge in southern New Mexico will be presented and compared. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, ESA EA, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Farrar, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Engn Anal Grp, ESA EA, MS P946, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-59-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3243 BP 936 EP 944 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BK40H UT WOS:000072063100132 ER PT S AU Field, RV Hurtado, JE Carne, TG AF Field, RV Hurtado, JE Carne, TG GP SOC EXPT MECH INC SOC EXPT MECH INC TI Analytical and experimental assessment of heavy truck ride SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) - Model Updating and Correlation CY FEB 02-05, 1998 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech AB This study is the second phase in a combined analytical and experimental effort to characterize and improve the ride quality of the Department Of Energy tractor/trailer. The discussion includes a brief overview of the finite element model of the vehicle and experimental road and modal test results. A novel system identification approach is used, employing both lab-based modal tests, and modal data derived using the Natural Excitation Technique (NExT), a scheme that utilizes the roadway surface as a natural forcing function. The use of a cab isolation system is investigated with the computer model for purposes of improving the ride quality of the vehicle. To validate these analytical predictions, an engineering prototype vehicle was developed, which included a cab isolation system, to experimentally assess ride qualify. Ride quality improvements due to the addition of the isolation system are then assessed both experimentally and analytically and the results are compared. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam & Vibrat Control, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Field, RV (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam & Vibrat Control, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RI Field, Richard/K-6468-2013 OI Field, Richard/0000-0002-2765-7032 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-59-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3243 BP 965 EP 972 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BK40H UT WOS:000072063100136 ER PT S AU Alvin, KF Oberkampf, WL Diegert, KV Rutherford, BM AF Alvin, KF Oberkampf, WL Diegert, KV Rutherford, BM GP SOC EXPT MECH INC SOC EXPT MECH INC TI Uncertainty quantification in computational structural dynamics: A new paradigm for model validation SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) - Model Updating and Correlation CY FEB 02-05, 1998 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech AB We present an overview of new research efforts underway at Sandia National Laboratories to understand the sources of uncertainty and error in computational structural dynamics and other physics simulations, and to quantify their effects on predictive accuracy. In order to establish confidence in computational simulations as these simulations move further from the established experimental database, a new approach to modeling and simulation validation is needed. In particular, when simulations are used to qualify the safety and reliability of systems, we believe that validation should be based upon a comprehensive quantification of uncertainties and errors from all phases of the modeling and simulation process. Uncertainty and error quantification is a two-step process, the first step being the identification of all uncertainty and error sources in each phase of modeling and simulation. The second step is the assessment and propagation of the most significant uncertainties and errors through the phases of the modeling and simulation process to the predicted response quantities. This paper outlines the phases of modeling and simulation, the distinction between uncertainty and error, and a categorization of uncertainty and error sources in each phase of modeling and simulation. We also address the question of how uncertainties in the form or structure of the model might be assessed using multiple models. Examples from linear structural dynamics are given to illustrate these concepts. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Alvin, KF (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Struct Dynam Dept, Org 9234,POB 5800,Mail Stop 0439, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-59-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3243 BP 1191 EP 1198 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BK40H UT WOS:000072063100170 ER PT S AU Red-Horse, JR Paez, TL AF Red-Horse, JR Paez, TL GP SOC EXPT MECH INC SOC EXPT MECH INC TI Uncertainty evaluation in dynamic system response SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) - Model Updating and Correlation CY FEB 02-05, 1998 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech AB The Advanced Mean Value (AMV) method for probabilistic system analysis is a technique for the estimation of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a random variable that is a deterministic, often implicitly defined, function of a vector of random variables using a number of simplifying approximations in an iterative scheme. The approximations embodied in AMV are precisely the mechanisms that (1) allow the procedure to be employed with only a "black box" knowledge of the physics of the underlying problem, and (2) enhance the computational feasibility through an associated reduction in required results from, say, an engineering finite element package. We have developed AMV code and advanced AMV code for the probabilistic analysis of system behavior. The fundamental operations of the AMV method for probabilistic analysis of system behavior are addressed first in some detail. Next, an iterative approach for the improvement of solutions is described (AMV+). Finally, numerical examples that demonstrate the basic operation of AMV and show how AMV can be used in a practical framework are presented. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Red-Horse, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0439, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-59-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3243 BP 1206 EP 1212 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BK40H UT WOS:000072063100172 ER PT S AU Duffey, TA Farrar, CR Doebling, SW AF Duffey, TA Farrar, CR Doebling, SW GP SOC EXPT MECH INC SOC EXPT MECH INC TI Damage detection for applications undergoing axial (membrane) response SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) - Model Updating and Correlation CY FEB 02-05, 1998 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech AB This paper extends and applies recently reported damage identification methods, previously utilized for flexural vibrations only, to axial-and membrane-type vibrations. The methods are applied to an 8-DOF linear spring-mass system, which models a multi-degree-of-freedom axial or membrane system. The goal of the work is to detect damage (as indicated by reduction in stiffness of one or more of the elements) as well as to locate the damaged elements. Two damage detection methods were investigated: the 'change-in-flexibility' method and the 'damage-index' method. Both were found to successfully locate the damaged element(s) for 10-percent reduction in element stiffness. The 'change-in-flexibility' method indicated damage location even when only a limited number of lower modes were included. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, ESA ES, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Duffey, TA (reprint author), POB 1239, Tijeras, NM 87059 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-59-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3243 BP 1278 EP 1284 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BK40H UT WOS:000072063100182 ER PT S AU Doebling, SW Farrar, CR AF Doebling, SW Farrar, CR GP SOC EXPT MECH INC SOC EXPT MECH INC TI Statistical damage identification techniques applied to the I-40 bridge over the Rio Grande River SO IMAC - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 16TH INTERNATIONAL MODAL ANALYSIS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Modal Analysis Conference (IMAC) - Model Updating and Correlation CY FEB 02-05, 1998 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Soc Exptl Mech AB The statistical significance of vibration-based damage identification parameters is studied via application to the data from the tests performed on the Interstate 40 highway bridge in Albuquerque, New Mexico. A test of statistical significance is applied to the mean;and confidence interval estimates of the modal properties and the corresponding damage indicators. The damage indicator used in this study is the change in the measured flexibility matrix. Previously presented deterministic results indicate that damage is detectable in all of the damage cases from these data sets. The results of this study indicate that the changes in both the modal properties and the damage indicators are statistically significant for all of the damage cases. However, these changes are distributed spatially for the first three damage cases and do not localize the damage until the fourth and final damage case. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Doebling, SW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS INC PI BETHEL PA 7 SCHOOL ST, BETHEL, CT 06801 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-912053-59-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1998 VL 3243 BP 1717 EP 1724 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Optics SC Engineering; Mechanics; Optics GA BK40H UT WOS:000072063100249 ER EF