FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Coates, RM Elmore, CS Croteau, RB Williams, DC Morimoto, H Williams, PG AF Coates, RM Elmore, CS Croteau, RB Williams, DC Morimoto, H Williams, PG TI Stereochemistry of the methyl->methylene elimination in the enzyme-catalysed cyclization of geranyl diphosphate to (4S)-limonene SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SPEARMINT MENTHA-SPICATA; 4S-LIMONENE SYNTHASE; MONOTERPENE CYCLASE; GLANDULAR TRICHOMES; X-PIPERITA; MECHANISM; LIMONENE; ALCOHOLS AB The cyclization of (R)-[9-H-2(1),H-3(1)]geranyl diphosphate catalysed by a recombinant form of(4S)-limonene synthase from spearmint leaf (Mentha spicata)is terminated predominantly by re-facial, anti proton elimination at the cis methyl group, producing (4S, 8E)-[8-H-2(1),H-3(1)] limonene. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,INST BIOL CHEM,PULLMAN,WA 99164. EO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,NATL TRITIUM LABELLING FACIL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Coates, RM (reprint author), UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CHEM,600 S MATHEWS AVE,URBANA,IL 61801, USA. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON ROAD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4WF SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PD NOV 7 PY 1997 IS 21 BP 2079 EP 2080 DI 10.1039/a704370h PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA YE611 UT WOS:A1997YE61100030 ER PT J AU Jandera, P Komers, D Guiochon, G AF Jandera, P Komers, D Guiochon, G TI Effects of the composition of the mobile phase on the production rate in reversed-phase overloaded chromatography SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE mobile phase composition; preparative chromatography; overloaded chromatography; production rate; band profiles; resorcinol; phenol; cresols ID PREPARATIVE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION-ISOTHERMS; BAND PROFILES; NONLINEAR CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; GRADIENT ELUTION; PARTICLE-SIZE; SAMPLE-SIZE; OPTIMIZATION; SEPARATIONS AB Band profiles in overloaded reversed-phase chromatography on octadecyl silica columns were calculated using the experimental parameters of the distribution isotherms of binary mixtures of (1) resorcinol and phenol and (2) phenol and o-cresol determined by binary frontal analysis with automatic, on-line analysis of the composition of the breakthrough curve plateaus. The dependencies of the isotherm coefficients on the concentration of methanol in aqueous-organic mobile phases were described by three-parameter equations and used in the numerical calculations. Calculated band profiles of the sample components allowed determination of the fraction range, recovery yield and production rate necessary to obtain the sample components in required purity with various loading factors and concentration ratios of sample components in dependence on the concentration of methanol in the mobile phase. It was found that there is an optimum composition of the mobile phase, at which the optimum production rate can be achieved, which depends on the isotherms and on the concentration ratio of components in the sample feed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT CHEM,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Jandera, P (reprint author), UNIV PARDUBICE,DEPT ANALYT CHEM,NAM LEGII 565,PARDUBICE 53210,CZECH REPUBLIC. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD NOV 7 PY 1997 VL 787 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00668-7 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA YH101 UT WOS:A1997YH10100002 ER PT J AU Whittum, DH AF Whittum, DH TI Electron-hose instability in an annular plasma sheath SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-FOCUSED REGIME; BEAM; CHANNEL; EROSION AB A relativistic electron beam propagating through an annular plasma sheath is subject to a transverse plasma-electron coupled electrostatic instability. From the linearized fluid equations, the beam-sheath interaction is resolved into three coupled equations. The corresponding wakefield is computed and the asymptotic linear evolution is noted. For illustration, numerical examples are given for a plasma accelerator employing such a sheath. While the coasting beam scalings are quite severe at low energy, single-bunch instability growth can in fact be reduced to nil for a very high-gradient accelerator. RP Whittum, DH (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD NOV 7 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 21 BP 2958 EP 2963 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/30/21/009 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YG244 UT WOS:A1997YG24400009 ER PT J AU Myneni, SCB Tokunaga, TK Brown, GE AF Myneni, SCB Tokunaga, TK Brown, GE TI Abiotic selenium redox transformations in the presence of Fe(II,III) oxides SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL REDUCTION; FREE-ENERGY; GREEN RUST; SEDIMENTS; SOILS AB Many suboxic sediments and soils contain an Fe(II,III) oxide called green rust. Spectroscopic evidence showed that selenium reduces from an oxidation state of +VI to 0 in the presence of green rust at rates comparable with those found in sediments, Selenium speciation was different in solid and aqueous phases. These redox reactions represent an abiotic pathway far selenium cycling in natural environments, which has previously been considered to be mediated principally by microorganisms. Similar green rust-mediated abiotic redox reactions are likely to be involved in the mobility elf several other trace elements and contaminants in the environment. C1 STANFORD UNIV,DEPT GEOG & ENVIRONM SCI,STANFORD,CA 94305. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP Myneni, SCB (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Tokunaga, Tetsu/H-2790-2014 OI Tokunaga, Tetsu/0000-0003-0861-6128 NR 27 TC 221 Z9 232 U1 7 U2 46 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD NOV 7 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5340 BP 1106 EP 1109 DI 10.1126/science.278.5340.1106 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YE652 UT WOS:A1997YE65200046 ER PT J AU Gutowski, M Skurski, P AF Gutowski, M Skurski, P TI Dispersion stabilization of solvated electrons and dipole-bound anions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Letter ID ENERGETICS; CLUSTERS; BINDING; STATES; CH3CN AB It has long been assumed that stability of ''solvated electrons'' and dipole-bound anions results primarily from the static Coulomb interaction of an excess electron with charge distribution of the neutral molecular host. Our results indicate, however, that the dispersion interaction between the loosely bound electron and the neutral molecular host is as important as the static Coulomb stabilization. A perturbation scheme is designed to analyze physically meaningful components of electron binding energy, and highly correlated electronic structure results are presented for dipole-bound anions and solvated electrons in the (HF)(n) clusters (n = 2, 3). The vertical electron detachment energy for (HF)(3)(-) was found to be 0.63 and 0.21 eV for the solvated electron and dipole-bound anion, respectively. The equilibrium zigzag geometrical structure of the dipole-bound anion differs drastically from the cyclic C-3h structure of the neutral trimer. C1 UNIV UTAH, DEPT CHEM, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84112 USA. UNIV GDANSK, DEPT CHEM, PL-80952 GDANSK, POLAND. RP Gutowski, M (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, SOLID STATE THEORY GRP, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 25 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 6 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 45 BP 9143 EP 9146 DI 10.1021/jp972600z PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YF255 UT WOS:A1997YF25500002 ER PT J AU Balmer, ML Bunker, BC Wang, LQ Peden, CHF Su, YL AF Balmer, ML Bunker, BC Wang, LQ Peden, CHF Su, YL TI Solid-state Si-29 MAS NMR study of titanosilicates SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM SILICALITE; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; SPECTROSCOPY; TI; GLASSES; SITES; XANES AB The relationship among the Si-29 NMR chemical shift, the number of titanium polyhedra coordinating each silicon tetrahedron, and the oxygen formal charge is examined for titanosilicates with known crystal structures. A systematic downfield chemical shift is observed when increasing numbers of titanium polyhedra coordinate a given silicon tetrahedron, which is similar to the trend seen for aluminosilicates. The chemical shift increases linearly with increasing oxygen formal charge for both titanosilicates and aluminosilicates. Summation of the oxygen formal charge accounts for effects on the chemical shift from coordination geometry, nonbridging oxygen, and cation valence. Silicates with a high oxygen formal charge, or more than one nonbridging oxygen per silicon, deviate from the linear trend observed for aluminosilicates and titanosilicates. The chemical shift/structure correlations derived from titanosilicates with known crystal structures are used to determine the local bonding configurations for a new titanosilicate, CsTiSi2O6.5, and for an Engelhard formulation designated ETS-4. RP Balmer, ML (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. OI Peden, Charles/0000-0001-6754-9928 NR 48 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD NOV 6 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 45 BP 9170 EP 9179 DI 10.1021/jp971429o PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YF255 UT WOS:A1997YF25500007 ER PT J AU Martin, GM Mian, IS AF Martin, GM Mian, IS TI Ageing - New mice for old questions SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Martin, GM (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PATHOL,SEATTLE,WA 98195, USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 6 PY 1997 VL 390 IS 6655 BP 18 EP 19 DI 10.1038/36210 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YE477 UT WOS:A1997YE47700020 PM 9363884 ER PT J AU Xu, R Husmann, A Rosenbaum, TF Saboungi, ML Enderby, JE Littlewood, PB AF Xu, R Husmann, A Rosenbaum, TF Saboungi, ML Enderby, JE Littlewood, PB TI Large magnetoresistance in non-magnetic silver chalcogenides SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; MULTILAYERS AB Several materials have been identified over the past few years as promising candidates for the development of new generations of magnetoresistive devices. These range from artificially engineered magnetic multilayers' and granular alloys(2,3), in which the magnetic-field response of interfacial spins modulates electron transport to give rise to 'giant' magnetoresistance(4), to the manganite peravskites5-7, in which metal-insulator transitions driven by a magnetic field give rise to a 'colossal' magnetoresistive response (albeit at very high fields). Here we describe a hitherto unexplored class of magnetoresistive compounds, the silver chalcogenides. At high temperatures, the compounds Ag2S, Ag2Se and Ag2Te are superionic conductors; below similar to 400 K, ion migration is effectively frozen and the compounds are non-magnetic semiconductors(8,9) that exhibit no appreciable magnetoresistance(10). We show that slightly altering the stoichiometry can lead to a marked increase in the magnetic response. At room temperature and in a magnetic field of similar to 55 kOe, Ag2+deltaSe and Ag2+deltaTe show resistance increases of up to 200%, which are comparable with the colossal-magnetoresistance materials. Moreover, the resistance of our most responsive samples exhibits an unusual linear dependence on magnetic field, indicating both a potentially useful response down to fields of practical importance and a peculiarly long length scale associated with the underlying mechanism. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,JAMES FRANCK INST,CHICAGO,IL 60637. UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PHYS,CHICAGO,IL 60637. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. AT&T BELL LABS,LUCENT TECHNOL,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RI Littlewood, Peter/B-7746-2008; Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815 NR 24 TC 374 Z9 379 U1 19 U2 129 PU MACMILLAN MAGAZINES LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON, ENGLAND N1 9XW SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD NOV 6 PY 1997 VL 390 IS 6655 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YE477 UT WOS:A1997YE47700048 ER PT J AU Amro, H Moore, EF Janssens, RVF Hackman, G Fischer, SM Carpenter, MP Ahmad, I Crowell, B Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Nisius, D Timar, J Wilson, J AF Amro, H Moore, EF Janssens, RVF Hackman, G Fischer, SM Carpenter, MP Ahmad, I Crowell, B Khoo, TL Lauritsen, T Nisius, D Timar, J Wilson, J TI Lifetime measurements and dipole transition rates for superdeformed states in Hg-190 SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID OCTUPOLE CORRELATIONS; QUASI-PARTICLE; EXCITATIONS; BAND; QUADRUPOLE; VIBRATION AB High-precision Lifetime measurements have been performed in two of the superdeformed (SD) bands of Hg-190 with the Doppler-shift attenuation method. Intrinsic quadrupole moments, Q(0), were extracted for the yrast and first excited SD bands in this nucleus. Dipole transition rates have been established for the inter-band transitions which connect the first excited SD band to the yrast states in the second minimum. The results support the interpretation of the excited SD band as a band based on an octupole vibration. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 TRIANGLE UNIV NUCL LAB,DURHAM,NC 27708. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. FULLERTON COMMUNITY COLL,FULLERTON,CA 92833. INST NUCL RES,H-4001 DEBRECEN,HUNGARY. UNIV LIVERPOOL,OLIVER LODGE LAB,LIVERPOOL L69 3BX,MERSEYSIDE,ENGLAND. RP Amro, H (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. RI Carpenter, Michael/E-4287-2015 OI Carpenter, Michael/0000-0002-3237-5734 NR 23 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 6 PY 1997 VL 413 IS 1-2 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)01113-1 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YH890 UT WOS:A1997YH89000003 ER PT J AU Riotto, A AF Riotto, A TI Cosmological implications of low energy supersymmetry breaking models SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID COSMIC STRINGS; SUPERCONDUCTING STRINGS; STANDARD MODEL; ANOMALOUS U(1); PHYSICS; SUPERGRAVITY; TECHNICOLOR; SYMMETRIES; DYNAMICS; SPRINGS AB We show that stable local cosmic strings are a generic prediction of supersymmetric models where supersymmetry is broken at scales within a few orders of magnitude of the weak scale and is fed down to the observable sector by gauge interactions. The typical energy scale of these strings is about 10(2) TeV. Since in the most general and natural scenario there are two different sources of contributions to ordinary superpartner masses, gauge mediation from the messanger sector and anomalous U(1) D-terms, novel features are that the cosmic strings may be superconducting with the role of bosonic charge carriers played by squarks and sleptons and that some baryonic or leptonic charge may be stored in the core of the string. Possible cosmological and astrophysical implications of these superconducting strings are discussed. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. RP Riotto, A (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,NASA,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 6 PY 1997 VL 413 IS 1-2 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)01100-3 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YH890 UT WOS:A1997YH89000004 ER PT J AU Balitsky, II Radyushkin, AV AF Balitsky, II Radyushkin, AV TI Light-ray evolution equations and leading-twist parton helicity-dependent nonforward distributions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID WAVE-FUNCTIONS; QCD; OPERATORS AB We discuss the calculation of the evolution kernels Delta W-zeta(X,Z) for the leading-twist nonforward parton distributions G(zeta)(X,t) sensitive to parton helicities. We present our results for the kernels governing evolution of the relevant light-ray operators and describe a simple method allowing to obtain from them the components of the nonforward kernels Delta W-zeta(X,Z). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 JOINT INST NUCL RES,THEORET PHYS LAB,DUBNA,RUSSIA. ST PETERSBURG INST NUCL PHYS,GATCHINA,RUSSIA. JEFFERSON LAB,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606. RP Balitsky, II (reprint author), OLD DOMINION UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NORFOLK,VA 23529, USA. NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 6 PY 1997 VL 413 IS 1-2 BP 114 EP 121 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)01095-2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YH890 UT WOS:A1997YH89000017 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O AguilarBenitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alverson, G Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Boucham, A Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Cohn, HO Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Commichau, V Costantini, S Cotorobai, F delaCruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS DAlessandro, R deAsmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F DiBitonto, D Diemoz, M vanDierendonck, D DiLodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dorne, I Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Dutta, S Easo, S Efremenko, Y ElMamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Fenyi, B Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN GarciaAbia, P Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A vanHoek, WC Hofer, H Hong, SJ Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Innocente, V Janssen, H Jenkes, K Jin, BN Jones, LW deJong, P JosaMutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kamyshkov, Y Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M KienzleFocacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A deGuevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C LassilaPerini, K Laurikainen, P Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P LeCoultre, P Leggett, C LeGOff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, AZ Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Mangla, S Marchesini, P Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG McNally, D Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ vonderMey, M Mi, Y Mihul, A vanMil, AJW Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Morganti, S Moulik, T Mount, R Muller, S Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M NessiTedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Opitz, H Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Puass, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S PerretGallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Pinto, JC Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Produit, N Prokofiev, D RahalCallot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Read, K Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S vanRhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L RosierLees, S Rosselet, P vanRossum, W Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sarkar, S Sassowsky, M Sauvage, G Shafer, C Schegelsky, V SchmidtKaerst, S Schmitz, D Schmitz, P Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Sopczak, A Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Strauch, K Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonutti, M Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tuchscherer, H Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Uwer, U Valente, E VandeWalle, RT Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Volkert, R Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wittgenstein, F Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yao, XY Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, Z Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O AguilarBenitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alverson, G Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Boucham, A Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Cohn, HO Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Commichau, V Costantini, S Cotorobai, F delaCruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS DAlessandro, R deAsmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F DiBitonto, D Diemoz, M vanDierendonck, D DiLodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dorne, I Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Dutta, S Easo, S Efremenko, Y ElMamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Fenyi, B Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN GarciaAbia, P Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A vanHoek, WC Hofer, H Hong, SJ Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Innocente, V Janssen, H Jenkes, K Jin, BN Jones, LW deJong, P JosaMutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kamyshkov, Y Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M KienzleFocacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A deGuevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C LassilaPerini, K Laurikainen, P Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P LeCoultre, P Leggett, C LeGOff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, AZ Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Mangla, S Marchesini, P Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG McNally, D Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ vonderMey, M Mi, Y Mihul, A vanMil, AJW Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Morganti, S Moulik, T Mount, R Muller, S Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M NessiTedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Opitz, H Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Puass, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S PerretGallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Pinto, JC Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Produit, N Prokofiev, D RahalCallot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Read, K Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S vanRhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L RosierLees, S Rosselet, P vanRossum, W Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sarkar, S Sassowsky, M Sauvage, G Shafer, C Schegelsky, V SchmidtKaerst, S Schmitz, D Schmitz, P Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Sopczak, A Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Strauch, K Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonutti, M Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tuchscherer, H Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Uwer, U Valente, E VandeWalle, RT Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Volkert, R Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wittgenstein, F Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yao, XY Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, Z Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F TI Resonance formation in the pi(+) pi(-) pi(0) final state in two-photon collisions SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID 2-PHOTON WIDTH; A2(1320) AB A study of resonance formation is presented in the pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) final state in two-photon collisions at LEP. The alpha(2)(1320) radiative width is measured to be Gamma(eta) = 0.98 +/- 0.05 +/- 0.09 keV. The helicity 2 production is dominant. Exclusive pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) production has also been studied in the mass region above the alpha(2) in the rho pi and f(2) pi channels. This region is dominated by a J(P) = 2(+) helicity 2 wave. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN, INST PHYS 1, D-52056 AACHEN, GERMANY. RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN, INST PHYS 3, D-52056 AACHEN, GERMANY. NIKHEF H, NATL INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, NL-1009 DB AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. UNIV AMSTERDAM, NL-1009 DB AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. IN2P3, LAPP, LAB ANNECY LE VIEUX PHYS PARTICULES, CNRS, F-74941 ANNECY LE VIEUX, FRANCE. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. UNIV BASEL, INST PHYS, CH-4056 BASEL, SWITZERLAND. INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, BEIJING 100039, PEOPLES R CHINA. HUMBOLDT UNIV BERLIN, D-10099 BERLIN, GERMANY. UNIV BOLOGNA, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RES, BOMBAY 400005, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA. BOSTON UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. NORTHEASTERN UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. INST ATOM PHYS, R-76900 BUCHAREST, ROMANIA. UNIV BUCHAREST, R-76900 BUCHAREST, ROMANIA. HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI, CENT RES INST PHYS, H-1525 BUDAPEST 114, HUNGARY. HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. UNIV FLORENCE, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. CERN, EUROPEAN LAB PARTICLE PHYS, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, SWITZERLAND. WORLD LAB, FBLJA PROJECT, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, SWITZERLAND. UNIV GENEVA, CH-1211 GENEVA 4, SWITZERLAND. UNIV SCI & TECHNOL CHINA, HEFEI 230029, ANHUI, PEOPLES R CHINA. RES INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, SEFT, SF-00014 HELSINKI, FINLAND. UNIV LAUSANNE, CH-1015 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-73100 LECCE, ITALY. UNIV LECCE, I-73100 LECCE, ITALY. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87544 USA. UNIV LYON 1, IN2P3, INST PHYS NUCL LYON, CNRS, F-69622 VILLEURBANNE, FRANCE. CIEMAT, E-28040 MADRID, SPAIN. INST THEORET & EXPT PHYS, MOSCOW 117259, RUSSIA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-80125 NAPLES, ITALY. UNIV NAPLES, I-80125 NAPLES, ITALY. UNIV CYPRUS, DEPT NAT SCI, NICOSIA, CYPRUS. CATHOLIC UNIV NIJMEGEN, NL-6525 ED NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS. NATL INST NUCL PHYS & HIGH ENERGY PHYS, NL-6525 ED NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. CALTECH, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-06100 PERUGIA, ITALY. UNIV PERUGIA, I-06100 PERUGIA, ITALY. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-00185 ROME, ITALY. UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA, I-00185 ROME, ITALY. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, INST NUCL PHYS, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA. UNIV SALERNO, I-84100 SALERNO, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-84100 SALERNO, ITALY. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA 92093 USA. UNIV SANTIAGO, DEPT FIS PARTICULAS ELEMENTALES, E-15706 SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA, SPAIN. BULGARIAN ACAD SCI, CENT LAB MECHATRON & INSTRUMENTAT, BU-1113 SOFIA, BULGARIA. KOREA ADV INST SCI & TECHNOL, CTR HIGH ENERGY PHYS, TAEJON 305701, SOUTH KOREA. UNIV ALABAMA, TUSCALOOSA, AL 35486 USA. UNIV UTRECHT, NL-3584 CB UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. NIKHEF H, NL-3584 CB UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. PURDUE UNIV, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. PAUL SCHERRER INST, CH-5232 VILLIGEN, SWITZERLAND. DESY, INST HOCHENERGIEPHYS, D-15738 ZEUTHEN, GERMANY. ETH ZURICH, CH-8093 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. UNIV HAMBURG, D-22761 HAMBURG, GERMANY. RP IST NAZL FIS NUCL, VIA CELORIA 16, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. RI Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Kamyshkov, Yuri/J-7999-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; OI Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Castellini, Guido/0000-0002-0177-0643; Read, Kenneth/0000-0002-3358-7667; Diemoz, Marcella/0000-0002-3810-8530; Doria, Alessandra/0000-0002-5381-2649; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Faccini, Riccardo/0000-0003-2613-5141; Filthaut, Frank/0000-0003-3338-2247; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014; Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Kamyshkov, Yuri/0000-0002-3789-7152; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Longo, Egidio/0000-0001-6238-6787 NR 26 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 6 PY 1997 VL 413 IS 1-2 BP 147 EP 158 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)01091-5 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YH890 UT WOS:A1997YH89000021 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O AguilarBenitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alverson, G Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barcyzk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Cohn, HO Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Commichau, V Costantini, S Cotorobai, F delaCruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS DAlessandro, R deAsmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K dellaVolpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F DiBitonto, D Diemoz, M vanDierendonck, D DiLodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Dutta, S Easo, S Efremenko, Y ElMamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Fenyi, B Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN GarciaAbia, P Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A vanHoek, WC Hofer, H Hong, SJ Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Innocente, V Jenkes, K Jin, BN Jones, LW deJong, P JosaMutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kamyshkov, Y Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M KienzleFocacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A deGuevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C LassilaPerini, K Laurikainen, P Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P LeCoultre, P LeGoff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Mangla, S Marchesini, P Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG McNally, D McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ vonderMey, M Mi, Y Mihul, A vanMil, AJW Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Morganti, S Moulik, T Mount, R Muller, S Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M NessiTedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Opitz, H Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Puass, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S PerretGallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Pinto, JC Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Produit, N Prokofiev, D RahalCallot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Read, K Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S vanRhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L RosierLees, S Rosselet, P vanRossum, W Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sarkar, S Sassowsky, M Schafer, C Schegelsky, V SchmidtKaerst, S Schmitz, D Schmitz, P Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Sopczak, A Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Strauch, K Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, SW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonutti, M Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tuchscherer, H Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Uwer, U Valente, E VandeWalle, RT Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Volkert, R Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wittgenstein, F Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yao, XY Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, Z Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O AguilarBenitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alverson, G Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barcyzk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Cohn, HO Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Commichau, V Costantini, S Cotorobai, F delaCruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS DAlessandro, R deAsmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K dellaVolpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F DiBitonto, D Diemoz, M vanDierendonck, D DiLodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Dutta, S Easo, S Efremenko, Y ElMamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Fenyi, B Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN GarciaAbia, P Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A vanHoek, WC Hofer, H Hong, SJ Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Innocente, V Jenkes, K Jin, BN Jones, LW deJong, P JosaMutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kamyshkov, Y Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M KienzleFocacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A deGuevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C LassilaPerini, K Laurikainen, P Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P LeCoultre, P LeGoff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Mangla, S Marchesini, P Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG McNally, D McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ vonderMey, M Mi, Y Mihul, A vanMil, AJW Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Morganti, S Moulik, T Mount, R Muller, S Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M NessiTedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Opitz, H Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Puass, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S PerretGallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Pinto, JC Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Produit, N Prokofiev, D RahalCallot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Read, K Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S vanRhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L RosierLees, S Rosselet, P vanRossum, W Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sarkar, S Sassowsky, M Schafer, C Schegelsky, V SchmidtKaerst, S Schmitz, D Schmitz, P Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Sopczak, A Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Strauch, K Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, SW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonutti, M Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tuchscherer, H Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Uwer, U Valente, E VandeWalle, RT Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Volkert, R Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wittgenstein, F Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yao, XY Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, Z Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F TI Hard-photon production at root s=161 and 172 GeV at LEP SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID OF-MASS ENERGIES; L3 EXPERIMENT; COUPLINGS; TESTS AB We have studied the process e(+)e(-)-->n gamma (n greater than or equal to 2) at centre-of-mass energies of 161.3 GeV and 172.1 GeV. The analysis is based on a sample of events collected by the L3 detector in 1996 corresponding to total integrated luminosities of 10.7 pb(-1) and 10.1 pb(-1) respectively. The observed rates of events with two and more photons and the characteristic distributions are in good agreement with the Standard Model expectations. This is used to set lower limits on contact interaction energy scale parameters, on the QED cut-off parameters and on the mass of excited electrons. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN, INST PHYS 1, D-52056 AACHEN, GERMANY. RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN, INST PHYS 3, D-52056 AACHEN, GERMANY. NIKHEF H, NATL INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, NL-1009 DB AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. UNIV AMSTERDAM, NL-1009 DB AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. IN2P3, LAPP, LAB ANNECY LE VIEUX PHYS PARTICULES, CNRS, F-74941 ANNECY LE VIEUX, FRANCE. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. UNIV BASEL, INST PHYS, CH-4056 BASEL, SWITZERLAND. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA. INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, BEIJING 100039, PEOPLES R CHINA. HUMBOLDT UNIV BERLIN, D-10099 BERLIN, GERMANY. UNIV BOLOGNA, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RES, BOMBAY 400005, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA. BOSTON UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. NORTHEASTERN UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. INST ATOM PHYS, R-76900 BUCHAREST, ROMANIA. UNIV BUCHAREST, R-76900 BUCHAREST, ROMANIA. HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI, CENT RES INST PHYS, H-1525 BUDAPEST 114, HUNGARY. HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. UNIV FLORENCE, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. CERN, EUROPEAN LAB PARTICLE PHYS, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, SWITZERLAND. WORLD LAB, FBLJA PROJECT, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, SWITZERLAND. UNIV GENEVA, CH-1211 GENEVA 4, SWITZERLAND. UNIV SCI & TECHNOL CHINA, HEFEI 230029, ANHUI, PEOPLES R CHINA. RES INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, SEFT, SF-00014 HELSINKI, FINLAND. UNIV LAUSANNE, CH-1015 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-73100 LECCE, ITALY. UNIV LECCE, I-73100 LECCE, ITALY. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87544 USA. UNIV LYON 1, IN2P3, INST PHYS NUCL LYON, CNRS, F-69622 VILLEURBANNE, FRANCE. CIEMAT, E-28040 MADRID, SPAIN. INST THEORET & EXPT PHYS, MOSCOW 117259, RUSSIA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-80125 NAPLES, ITALY. UNIV NAPLES, I-80125 NAPLES, ITALY. UNIV CYPRUS, DEPT NAT SCI, NICOSIA, CYPRUS. CATHOLIC UNIV NIJMEGEN, NL-6525 ED NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS. NATL INST NUCL PHYS & HIGH ENERGY PHYS, NL-6525 ED NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. CALTECH, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-06100 PERUGIA, ITALY. UNIV PERUGIA, I-06100 PERUGIA, ITALY. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-00185 ROME, ITALY. UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA, I-00185 ROME, ITALY. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, INST NUCL PHYS, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA. UNIV SALERNO, I-84100 SALERNO, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-84100 SALERNO, ITALY. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA 92093 USA. UNIV SANTIAGO, DEPT FIS PARTICULAS ELEMENTALES, E-15706 SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA, SPAIN. BULGARIAN ACAD SCI, CENT LAB MECHATRON & INSTRUMENTAT, BU-1113 SOFIA, BULGARIA. KOREA ADV INST SCI & TECHNOL, CTR HIGH ENERGY PHYS, TAEJON 305701, SOUTH KOREA. UNIV ALABAMA, TUSCALOOSA, AL 35486 USA. UNIV UTRECHT, NL-3584 CB UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. NIKHEF H, NL-3584 CB UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. PURDUE UNIV, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. PAUL SCHERRER INST, CH-5232 VILLIGEN, SWITZERLAND. DESY, INST HOCHENERGIEPHYS, D-15738 ZEUTHEN, GERMANY. ETH ZURICH, CH-8093 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. UNIV HAMBURG, D-22761 HAMBURG, GERMANY. RP IST NAZL FIS NUCL, VIA CELORIA 16, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. RI Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Kamyshkov, Yuri/J-7999-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016 OI Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Kamyshkov, Yuri/0000-0002-3789-7152; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 6 PY 1997 VL 413 IS 1-2 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)01081-2 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YH890 UT WOS:A1997YH89000022 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O AguilarBenitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alverson, G Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Boucham, A Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Cohn, HO Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Commichau, V Costantini, S Cotorobai, F delaCruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS DAlessandro, R deAsmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F DiBitonto, D Diemoz, M vanDierendonck, D DiLodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dorne, I Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Dutta, S Easo, S Efremenko, Y ElMamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Fenyi, B Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN GarciaAbia, P Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Hartman, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A vanHoek, WC Hofer, H Hong, SJ Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Innocente, V Janssen, H Jenkes, K Jin, BN Jones, LW deJong, P JosaMatuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kamyshkov, Y Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M KienzleFocacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A deGuevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C LassilaPerini, K Laurikainen, P Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P LeCoultre, P Leggett, C LeGoff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Mangla, S Marchesini, P Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG McNally, D Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ vonderMey, M Mi, Y Mihul, A vanMil, AJW Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Morganti, S Moulik, T Mount, R Muller, S Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M NessiTedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Opitz, H Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S PerretGallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Pinto, JC Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Produit, N Prokofiev, D RahalCallot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Read, K Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S vanRhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L RosierLees, S Rosselet, P vanRossum, W Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sarkar, S Sassowsky, M Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V SchmidtKaerst, S Schmitz, D Schmitz, P Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Sopczak, A Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Strauch, K Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonutti, M Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tuchscherer, H Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Uwer, U Valente, E VandeWalle, RT Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Volkert, R Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wittgenstein, F Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yao, XY Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, Z Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O AguilarBenitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alverson, G Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Ball, RC Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Boucham, A Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Boutigny, D Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chen, M Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Cohn, HO Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Commichau, V Costantini, S Cotorobai, F delaCruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS DAlessandro, R deAsmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F DiBitonto, D Diemoz, M vanDierendonck, D DiLodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dorne, I Dova, MT Drago, E Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Dutta, S Easo, S Efremenko, Y ElMamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Fenyi, B Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN GarciaAbia, P Gau, SS Gentile, S Gerald, J Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Hartman, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A vanHoek, WC Hofer, H Hong, SJ Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Innocente, V Janssen, H Jenkes, K Jin, BN Jones, LW deJong, P JosaMatuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kamyshkov, Y Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M KienzleFocacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A deGuevara, PL Landi, G Lapoint, C LassilaPerini, K Laurikainen, P Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P LeCoultre, P Leggett, C LeGoff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Mangla, S Marchesini, P Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG McNally, D Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ vonderMey, M Mi, Y Mihul, A vanMil, AJW Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Morganti, S Moulik, T Mount, R Muller, S Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M NessiTedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Opitz, H Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S PerretGallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Pinto, JC Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Produit, N Prokofiev, D RahalCallot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Read, K Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S vanRhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Rind, O Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L RosierLees, S Rosselet, P vanRossum, W Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sarkar, S Sassowsky, M Sauvage, G Schafer, C Schegelsky, V SchmidtKaerst, S Schmitz, D Schmitz, P Schneegans, M Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Sopczak, A Soulimov, V Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Strauch, K Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonutti, M Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tuchscherer, H Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Uwer, U Valente, E VandeWalle, RT Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Volkert, R Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wittgenstein, F Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yao, XY Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, Z Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhou, Y Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F TI Upsilon production in Z decays SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID HEAVY QUARKONIUM; J/PSI-PRODUCTION; L3 EXPERIMENT; LEP; FRAGMENTATION; PHYSICS AB We have searched for evidence of T production in 3.5 million hadronic Z decays collected by the L3 detector at LEP in 1991-1995. No signals are observed for the decay chain Z --> TX; T --> l(+)l(-) (l= e,mu), therefore upper limits at the 95% confidence level are set on the following Z branching fractions: Br(Z --> T(1S)X)<5.5 X 10(-5); Br(Z --> T(2S)X)<13.9 X 10(-5); Br(Z --> T(3S)X)<9.4 X 10(-5). Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN, INST PHYS 1, D-52056 AACHEN, GERMANY. RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN, INST PHYS 3, D-52056 AACHEN, GERMANY. NIKHEF H, NATL INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, NL-1009 DB AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. UNIV AMSTERDAM, NL-1009 DB AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. IN2P3, LAPP, LAB ANNECY LE VIEUX PHYS PARTICULES, CNRS, F-74941 ANNECY LE VIEUX, FRANCE. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. UNIV BASEL, INST PHYS, CH-4056 BASEL, SWITZERLAND. INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, BEIJING 100039, PEOPLES R CHINA. HUMBOLDT UNIV BERLIN, D-10099 BERLIN, GERMANY. UNIV BOLOGNA, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RES, BOMBAY 400005, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA. BOSTON UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. NORTHEASTERN UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. INST ATOM PHYS, R-76900 BUCHAREST, ROMANIA. UNIV BUCHAREST, R-76900 BUCHAREST, ROMANIA. HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI, CENT RES INST PHYS, H-1525 BUDAPEST 114, HUNGARY. HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. UNIV FLORENCE, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. CERN, EUROPEAN LAB PARTICLE PHYS, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, SWITZERLAND. WORLD LAB, FBLJA PROJECT, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, SWITZERLAND. UNIV GENEVA, CH-1211 GENEVA 4, SWITZERLAND. UNIV SCI & TECHNOL CHINA, HEFEI 230029, ANHUI, PEOPLES R CHINA. RES INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, SEFT, SF-00014 HELSINKI, FINLAND. UNIV LAUSANNE, CH-1015 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-73100 LECCE, ITALY. UNIV LECCE, I-73100 LECCE, ITALY. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87544 USA. UNIV LYON 1, IN2P3, INST PHYS NUCL LYON, CNRS, F-69622 VILLEURBANNE, FRANCE. CIEMAT, E-28040 MADRID, SPAIN. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. INST THEORET & EXPT PHYS, MOSCOW 117259, RUSSIA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-80125 NAPLES, ITALY. UNIV NAPLES, I-80125 NAPLES, ITALY. UNIV CYPRUS, DEPT NAT SCI, NICOSIA, CYPRUS. CATHOLIC UNIV NIJMEGEN, NL-6525 ED NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS. NATL INST NUCL PHYS & HIGH ENERGY PHYS, NL-6525 ED NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. CALTECH, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-06100 PERUGIA, ITALY. UNIV PERUGIA, I-06100 PERUGIA, ITALY. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-00185 ROME, ITALY. UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA, I-00185 ROME, ITALY. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, INST NUCL PHYS, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA. UNIV SALERNO, I-84100 SALERNO, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-84100 SALERNO, ITALY. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA 92093 USA. UNIV SANTIAGO, DEPT FIS PARTICULAS ELEMENTALES, E-15706 SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA, SPAIN. BULGARIAN ACAD SCI, CENT LAB MECHATRON & INSTRUMENTAT, BU-1113 SOFIA, BULGARIA. KOREA ADV INST SCI & TECHNOL, CTR HIGH ENERGY PHYS, TAEJON 305701, SOUTH KOREA. UNIV ALABAMA, TUSCALOOSA, AL 35486 USA. UNIV UTRECHT, NL-3584 CB UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. NIKHEF H, NL-3584 CB UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. PURDUE UNIV, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. PAUL SCHERRER INST, CH-5232 VILLIGEN, SWITZERLAND. ETH ZURICH, CH-8093 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. UNIV HAMBURG, D-22761 HAMBURG, GERMANY. DESY, INST HOCHENERGIEPHYS, D-15738 ZEUTHEN, GERMANY. RP IST NAZL FIS NUCL, VIA CELORIA 16, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. RI Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Kamyshkov, Yuri/J-7999-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014 OI Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Kamyshkov, Yuri/0000-0002-3789-7152; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Read, Kenneth/0000-0002-3358-7667; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Kirkby, David/0000-0002-8828-5463; Filthaut, Frank/0000-0003-3338-2247; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731 NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 6 PY 1997 VL 413 IS 1-2 BP 167 EP 175 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)01002-2 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YH890 UT WOS:A1997YH89000023 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O AguilarBenitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alverson, G Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Cohn, HO Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Commichau, V Costantini, S Cotorobai, F delaCruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS DAlessandro, R deAsmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K dellaVolpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F DiBitonto, D Diemoz, M vanDierendonck, D DiLodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Dutta, S Easo, S Efremenko, Y ElMamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Fenyi, B Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN GarciaAbia, P Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenwald, MW Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A vanHoek, WC Hofer, H Hong, SJ Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Innocente, V Jenkes, K Jin, BN Jones, LW deJong, P JosaMutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kamyshkov, Y Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M KienzleFocacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A deGuevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C LassilaPerini, K Laurikainen, P Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P LeCoultre, P Lee, HJ LeGoff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Mangla, S Marchesini, P Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG McNally, D McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ vonderMey, M Mi, Y Mihul, A vanMil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Moneleoni, B Moore, R Morganti, S Moulik, T Mount, R Muller, S Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M NessiTedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Opitz, H Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S PerretGallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Produit, N Prokofiev, D RahalCallot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Read, K Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S vanRhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L RosierLees, S Rosselet, P vanRossum, W Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sarkar, S Sassowsky, M Schafer, C Schegelsky, V SchmidtKaerst, S Schmitz, D Schmitz, P Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Sopczak, A Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Strauch, K Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonutti, M Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tuchscherer, H Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Uwer, U Valente, E vandeWalle, RT Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Volkert, R Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wittgenstein, F Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yao, XY Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, Z Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O AguilarBenitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alverson, G Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HF Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, CY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Cohn, HO Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Commichau, V Costantini, S Cotorobai, F delaCruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS DAlessandro, R deAsmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K dellaVolpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F DiBitonto, D Diemoz, M vanDierendonck, D DiLodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Dutta, S Easo, S Efremenko, Y ElMamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Fenyi, B Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN GarciaAbia, P Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldfarb, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenwald, MW Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A vanHoek, WC Hofer, H Hong, SJ Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Innocente, V Jenkes, K Jin, BN Jones, LW deJong, P JosaMutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kamyshkov, Y Kapustinsky, JS Karyotakis, Y Kaur, M KienzleFocacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A deGuevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C LassilaPerini, K Laurikainen, P Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P LeCoultre, P Lee, HJ LeGoff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Mangla, S Marchesini, P Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG McNally, D McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ vonderMey, M Mi, Y Mihul, A vanMil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Moneleoni, B Moore, R Morganti, S Moulik, T Mount, R Muller, S Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M NessiTedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Opitz, H Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S PerretGallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, PA Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Produit, N Prokofiev, D RahalCallot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Read, K Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S vanRhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L RosierLees, S Rosselet, P vanRossum, W Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sarkar, S Sassowsky, M Schafer, C Schegelsky, V SchmidtKaerst, S Schmitz, D Schmitz, P Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Sopczak, A Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Strauch, K Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonutti, M Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tuchscherer, H Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Uwer, U Valente, E vandeWalle, RT Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Volkert, R Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wittgenstein, F Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yao, XY Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, Z Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F TI Measurements of mass, width and gauge couplings of the W boson at LEP SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CERN PBARP COLLIDER; ELECTROWEAK VECTOR BOSONS; ANGLE BHABHA SCATTERING; CARLO EVENT GENERATOR; STATE QED CORRECTIONS; ROOT-S=1.8 TEV; MONTE-CARLO; P(P)OVER-BAR COLLISIONS; PAIR PRODUCTION; TRILINEAR COUPLINGS AB We report on measurements of mass and total decay width of the W boson and of triple-gauge-boson couplings, gamma WW and AWW, with the L3 detector at LEP. W-pair events produced in e(+)e(-) interactions between 161GeV and 172GeV centre-of-mass energy are selected in a data sample corresponding to a total luminosity of 21.2 pb(-1). The mass and total decay width of the W boson are determined to be M-W = 80.75(-0.27)(+0.26) (LEP) GeV and Gamma(W) = 1.74(-0.78)(+0.88)(stat.) +/- 0.25(syst.)GeV, respectively. Limits on anomalous triple-gauge-boson couplings, gamma WW and ZWW, are determined, in particular -1.5 < delta(Z) < 1.9 (95% CL), excluding vanishing ZWW coupling at more than 958 confidence level. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN, INST PHYS 1, D-52056 AACHEN, GERMANY. RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN, INST PHYS 3, D-52056 AACHEN, GERMANY. NIKHEF H, NATL INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, NL-1009 DB AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. UNIV AMSTERDAM, NL-1009 DB AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. IN2P3, LAPP, LAB ANNECY LE VIEUX PHYS PARTICULES, CNRS, F-74941 ANNECY LE VIEUX, FRANCE. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. UNIV BASEL, INST PHYS, CH-4056 BASEL, SWITZERLAND. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA. INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, BEIJING 100039, PEOPLES R CHINA. HUMBOLDT UNIV BERLIN, D-10099 BERLIN, GERMANY. UNIV BOLOGNA, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RES, BOMBAY 400005, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA. BOSTON UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. NORTHEASTERN UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. INST ATOM PHYS, R-76900 BUCHAREST, ROMANIA. UNIV BUCHAREST, R-76900 BUCHAREST, ROMANIA. HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI, CENT RES INST PHYS, H-1525 BUDAPEST 114, HUNGARY. HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. UNIV FLORENCE, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. CERN, EUROPEAN LAB PARTICLE PHYS, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, SWITZERLAND. WORLD LAB, FBLJA PROJECT, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, SWITZERLAND. UNIV GENEVA, CH-1211 GENEVA 4, SWITZERLAND. UNIV SCI & TECHNOL CHINA, HEFEI 230029, ANHUI, PEOPLES R CHINA. RES INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, SEFT, SF-00014 HELSINKI, FINLAND. UNIV LAUSANNE, CH-1015 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-73100 LECCE, ITALY. UNIV LECCE, I-73100 LECCE, ITALY. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87544 USA. UNIV LYON 1, IN2P3, INST PHYS NUCL LYON, CNRS, F-69622 VILLEURBANNE, FRANCE. CIEMAT, E-28040 MADRID, SPAIN. INST THEORET & EXPT PHYS, MOSCOW 117259, RUSSIA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-80125 NAPLES, ITALY. UNIV NAPLES, I-80125 NAPLES, ITALY. UNIV CYPRUS, DEPT NAT SCI, NICOSIA, CYPRUS. CATHOLIC UNIV NIJMEGEN, NL-6525 ED NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS. NATL INST NUCL PHYS & HIGH ENERGY PHYS, NL-6525 ED NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. CALTECH, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-06100 PERUGIA, ITALY. UNIV PERUGIA, I-06100 PERUGIA, ITALY. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-00185 ROME, ITALY. UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA, I-00185 ROME, ITALY. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, INST NUCL PHYS, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA. UNIV SALERNO, I-84100 SALERNO, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-84100 SALERNO, ITALY. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA 92093 USA. UNIV SANTIAGO, DEPT FIS PARTICULAS ELEMENTALES, E-15706 SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA, SPAIN. BULGARIAN ACAD SCI, CENT LAB MECHATRON & INSTRUMENTAT, BU-1113 SOFIA, BULGARIA. KOREA ADV INST SCI & TECHNOL, CTR HIGH ENERGY PHYS, TAEJON 305701, SOUTH KOREA. UNIV ALABAMA, TUSCALOOSA, AL 35486 USA. UNIV UTRECHT, NL-3584 CB UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. NIKHEF H, NL-3584 CB UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. PURDUE UNIV, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. PAUL SCHERRER INST, CH-5232 VILLIGEN, SWITZERLAND. DESY, INST HOCHENERGIEPHYS, D-15738 ZEUTHEN, GERMANY. ETH ZURICH, CH-8093 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. UNIV HAMBURG, D-22761 HAMBURG, GERMANY. RP IST NAZL FIS NUCL, VIA CELORIA 16, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. RI Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Josa, Isabel/K-5184-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Kamyshkov, Yuri/J-7999-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; OI Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Kamyshkov, Yuri/0000-0002-3789-7152; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Read, Kenneth/0000-0002-3358-7667; Sciacca, Crisostomo/0000-0002-8412-4072; Kirkby, David/0000-0002-8828-5463; Filthaut, Frank/0000-0003-3338-2247; Goldstein, Joel/0000-0003-1591-6014 NR 79 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 6 PY 1997 VL 413 IS 1-2 BP 176 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)01082-4 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YH890 UT WOS:A1997YH89000024 ER PT J AU Acciarri, M Adriani, O AguilarBenitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alverson, G Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HG Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, GY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Cohn, HO Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Commichau, V Costantini, S Cotorobai, F delaCruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS DAlessandro, R deAsmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K dellaVolpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F DiBitonto, D Diemoz, M vanDierendonck, D DiLodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Dutta, S Easo, S Efremenko, Y ElMamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Fenyi, B Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN GarciaAbia, P Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A vanHoek, WC Hofer, H Hong, SJ Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Innocente, V Jenkes, K Jin, BN Jones, LW deJong, P JosaMutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kamyshkov, Y Kapustinksy, JS Karyotakis, H Kaur, M KienzleFocacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A deGuevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C LassilaPerini, K Laurikainen, P Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P LeCoultre, P Lee, HJ LeGoff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Mangla, S Marchesini, P Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG McNally, D McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ vonderMey, M Mi, Y Mihul, A vanMil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Morganti, S Moulik, T Mount, R Muller, S Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessitedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Opitz, H Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S PerretGallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, P Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Produit, N Prokofiev, D RahalCallot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Read, K Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S vanRhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L RosierLees, S Rosselet, P vanRossum, W Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sarkar, S Sassowsky, M Schafer, C Schegelsky, V SchmidtKaerst, S Schmitz, D Schmitz, P Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Sopczak, A Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Strauch, K Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonutti, M Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tuchscherer, H Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Uwer, U Valente, E VandeWalle, RT Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Volkert, R Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wittgenstein, F Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yao, XY Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, Z Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F AF Acciarri, M Adriani, O AguilarBenitez, M Ahlen, S Alcaraz, J Alemanni, G Allaby, J Aloisio, A Alverson, G Alviggi, MG Ambrosi, G Anderhub, H Andreev, VP Angelescu, T Anselmo, F Arefiev, A Azemoon, T Aziz, T Bagnaia, P Baksay, L Banerjee, S Banerjee, S Banicz, K Barczyk, A Barillere, R Barone, L Bartalini, P Baschirotto, A Basile, M Battiston, R Bay, A Becattini, F Becker, U Behner, F Berdugo, J Berges, P Bertucci, B Betev, BL Bhattacharya, S Biasini, M Biland, A Bilei, GM Blaising, JJ Blyth, SC Bobbink, GJ Bock, R Bohm, A Boldizsar, L Borgia, B Bourilkov, D Bourquin, M Braccini, S Branson, JG Brigljevic, V Brock, IC Buffini, A Buijs, A Burger, JD Burger, WJ Busenitz, J Button, A Cai, XD Campanelli, M Capell, M Romeo, GC Carlino, G Cartacci, AM Casaus, J Castellini, G Cavallari, F Cavallo, N Cecchi, C Cerrada, M Cesaroni, F Chamizo, M Chang, YH Chaturvedi, UK Chekanov, SV Chemarin, M Chen, A Chen, G Chen, GM Chen, HG Chen, HS Chereau, X Chiefari, G Chien, GY Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Civinini, C Clare, I Clare, R Cohn, HO Coignet, G Colijn, AP Colino, N Commichau, V Costantini, S Cotorobai, F delaCruz, B Csilling, A Dai, TS DAlessandro, R deAsmundis, R Degre, A Deiters, K dellaVolpe, D Denes, P DeNotaristefani, F DiBitonto, D Diemoz, M vanDierendonck, D DiLodovico, F Dionisi, C Dittmar, M Dominguez, A Doria, A Dova, MT Duchesneau, D Duinker, P Duran, I Dutta, S Easo, S Efremenko, Y ElMamouni, H Engler, A Eppling, FJ Erne, FC Ernenwein, JP Extermann, P Fabre, M Faccini, R Falciano, S Favara, A Fay, J Fedin, O Felcini, M Fenyi, B Ferguson, T Ferroni, F Fesefeldt, H Fiandrini, E Field, JH Filthaut, F Fisher, PH Fisk, I Forconi, G Fredj, L Freudenreich, K Furetta, C Galaktionov, Y Ganguli, SN GarciaAbia, P Gau, SS Gentile, S Gheordanescu, N Giagu, S Goldstein, J Gong, ZF Gougas, A Gratta, G Gruenewald, MW Gupta, VK Gurtu, A Gutay, LJ Hartmann, B Hasan, A Hatzifotiadou, D Hebbeker, T Herve, A vanHoek, WC Hofer, H Hong, SJ Hoorani, H Hou, SR Hu, G Innocente, V Jenkes, K Jin, BN Jones, LW deJong, P JosaMutuberria, I Kasser, A Khan, RA Kamrad, D Kamyshkov, Y Kapustinksy, JS Karyotakis, H Kaur, M KienzleFocacci, MN Kim, D Kim, DH Kim, JK Kim, SC Kim, YG Kinnison, WW Kirkby, A Kirkby, D Kirkby, J Kiss, D Kittel, W Klimentov, A Konig, AC Kopp, A Korolko, I Koutsenko, V Kraemer, RW Krenz, W Kunin, A deGuevara, PL Laktineh, I Landi, G Lapoint, C LassilaPerini, K Laurikainen, P Lebeau, M Lebedev, A Lebrun, P Lecomte, P Lecoq, P LeCoultre, P Lee, HJ LeGoff, JM Leiste, R Leonardi, E Levtchenko, P Li, C Lin, CH Lin, WT Linde, FL Lista, L Liu, ZA Lohmann, W Longo, E Lu, W Lu, YS Lubelsmeyer, K Luci, C Luckey, D Luminari, L Lustermann, W Ma, WG Maity, M Majumder, G Malgeri, L Malinin, A Mana, C Mangeol, D Mangla, S Marchesini, P Marin, A Martin, JP Marzano, F Massaro, GGG McNally, D McNeil, RR Mele, S Merola, L Meschini, M Metzger, WJ vonderMey, M Mi, Y Mihul, A vanMil, AJW Milcent, H Mirabelli, G Mnich, J Molnar, P Monteleoni, B Moore, R Morganti, S Moulik, T Mount, R Muller, S Muheim, F Muijs, AJM Nahn, S Napolitano, M Nessitedaldi, F Newman, H Niessen, T Nippe, A Nisati, A Nowak, H Oh, YD Opitz, H Organtini, G Ostonen, R Palomares, C Pandoulas, D Paoletti, S Paolucci, P Park, HK Park, IH Pascale, G Passaleva, G Patricelli, S Paul, T Pauluzzi, M Paus, C Pauss, F Peach, D Pei, YJ Pensotti, S PerretGallix, D Petersen, B Petrak, S Pevsner, A Piccolo, D Pieri, M Piroue, P Pistolesi, E Plyaskin, V Pohl, M Pojidaev, V Postema, H Produit, N Prokofiev, D RahalCallot, G Raja, N Rancoita, PG Rattaggi, M Raven, G Razis, P Read, K Ren, D Rescigno, M Reucroft, S vanRhee, T Riemann, S Riles, K Robohm, A Rodin, J Roe, BP Romero, L RosierLees, S Rosselet, P vanRossum, W Roth, S Rubio, JA Ruschmeier, D Rykaczewski, H Salicio, J Sanchez, E Sanders, MP Sarakinos, ME Sarkar, S Sassowsky, M Schafer, C Schegelsky, V SchmidtKaerst, S Schmitz, D Schmitz, P Scholz, N Schopper, H Schotanus, DJ Schwenke, J Schwering, G Sciacca, C Sciarrino, D Servoli, L Shevchenko, S Shivarov, N Shoutko, V Shukla, J Shumilov, E Shvorob, A Siedenburg, T Son, D Sopczak, A Smith, B Spillantini, P Steuer, M Stickland, DP Stone, A Stone, H Stoyanov, B Straessner, A Strauch, K Sudhakar, K Sultanov, G Sun, LZ Susinno, GF Suter, H Swain, JD Tang, XW Tauscher, L Taylor, L Ting, SCC Ting, SM Tonutti, M Tonwar, SC Toth, J Tully, C Tuchscherer, H Tung, KL Uchida, Y Ulbricht, J Uwer, U Valente, E VandeWalle, RT Vesztergombi, G Vetlitsky, I Viertel, G Vivargent, M Volkert, R Vogel, H Vogt, H Vorobiev, I Vorobyov, AA Vorvolakos, A Wadhwa, M Wallraff, W Wang, JC Wang, XL Wang, ZM Weber, A Wittgenstein, F Wu, SX Wynhoff, S Xu, J Xu, ZZ Yang, BZ Yang, CG Yao, XY Ye, JB Yeh, SC You, JM Zalite, A Zalite, Y Zemp, P Zeng, Y Zhang, Z Zhang, ZP Zhou, B Zhu, GY Zhu, RY Zichichi, A Ziegler, F TI Neutral-current four-fermion production in e(+)e(-) interactions at 130 GeV<=root s<=172 GeV SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID ANGLE BHABHA SCATTERING; LEPTON PAIR PRODUCTION; STATE QED CORRECTIONS; MONTE-CARLO; 4-FERMION PROCESSES; E+E COLLISIONS; L3 EXPERIMENT; Z-PEAK; DETECTOR; CONSTRUCTION AB A study of neutral-current four-fermion processes is performed, using data collected by the L3 detector at LEP during high-energy runs at centre-of-mass energies 130-136, 161 and 170-172 GeV, with integrated luminosities of 4.9, 10.7 and 10.1 pb(-1), respectively. The total cross sections for the final states lll'l' and llqq(l, l' = e, mu or tau) are measured and found to be in agreement with the Standard Model prediction. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN, INST PHYS 1, D-52056 AACHEN, GERMANY. RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN, INST PHYS 3, D-52056 AACHEN, GERMANY. NIKHEF H, NATL INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, NL-1009 DB AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. UNIV AMSTERDAM, NL-1009 DB AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. UNIV MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR, MI 48109 USA. IN2P3, LAPP, LAB ANNECY LE VIEUX PHYS PARTICULES, CNRS, F-74941 ANNECY LE VIEUX, FRANCE. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, BALTIMORE, MD 21218 USA. UNIV BASEL, INST PHYS, CH-4056 BASEL, SWITZERLAND. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA. INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, BEIJING 100039, PEOPLES R CHINA. HUMBOLDT UNIV BERLIN, D-10099 BERLIN, GERMANY. UNIV BOLOGNA, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RES, BOMBAY 400005, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA. BOSTON UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA. NORTHEASTERN UNIV, BOSTON, MA 02115 USA. INST ATOM PHYS, R-76900 BUCHAREST, ROMANIA. UNIV BUCHAREST, R-76900 BUCHAREST, ROMANIA. HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. MIT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. UNIV FLORENCE, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. CERN, EUROPEAN LAB PARTICLE PHYS, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, SWITZERLAND. WORLD LAB, FBLJA PROJECT, CH-1211 GENEVA 23, SWITZERLAND. UNIV GENEVA, CH-1211 GENEVA 4, SWITZERLAND. UNIV SCI & TECHNOL CHINA, HEFEI 230029, ANHUI, PEOPLES R CHINA. RES INST HIGH ENERGY PHYS, SEFT, SF-00014 HELSINKI, FINLAND. UNIV LAUSANNE, CH-1015 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-73100 LECCE, ITALY. UNIV LECCE, I-73100 LECCE, ITALY. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87544 USA. UNIV LYON 1, IN2P3, INST PHYS NUCL LYON, CNRS, F-69622 VILLEURBANNE, FRANCE. CIEMAT, E-28040 MADRID, SPAIN. HUNGARIAN ACAD SCI, CENT RES INST PHYS, H-1525 BUDAPEST 114, HUNGARY. INST THEORET & EXPT PHYS, MOSCOW 117259, RUSSIA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-80125 NAPLES, ITALY. UNIV NAPLES, I-80125 NAPLES, ITALY. UNIV CYPRUS, DEPT NAT SCI, NICOSIA, CYPRUS. CATHOLIC UNIV NIJMEGEN, NL-6525 ED NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS. NATL INST NUCL PHYS & HIGH ENERGY PHYS, NL-6525 ED NIJMEGEN, NETHERLANDS. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. CALTECH, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-06100 PERUGIA, ITALY. UNIV PERUGIA, I-06100 PERUGIA, ITALY. CARNEGIE MELLON UNIV, PITTSBURGH, PA 15213 USA. PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON, NJ 08544 USA. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-00185 ROME, ITALY. UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA, I-00185 ROME, ITALY. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, INST NUCL PHYS, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA. UNIV SALERNO, I-84100 SALERNO, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-84100 SALERNO, ITALY. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA 92093 USA. UNIV SANTIAGO, DEPT FIS PARTICULAS ELEMENTALES, E-15706 SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA, SPAIN. BULGARIAN ACAD SCI, CENT LAB MECHATRON & INSTRUMENTAT, BU-1113 SOFIA, BULGARIA. KOREA ADV INST SCI & TECHNOL, CTR HIGH ENERGY PHYS, TAEJON 305701, SOUTH KOREA. UNIV ALABAMA, TUSCALOOSA, AL 35486 USA. UNIV UTRECHT, NL-3584 CB UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. NIKHEF H, NL-3584 CB UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS. PURDUE UNIV, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. PAUL SCHERRER INST, CH-5232 VILLIGEN, SWITZERLAND. DESY, INST HOCHENERGIEPHYS, D-15738 ZEUTHEN, GERMANY. ETH ZURICH, CH-8093 ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. UNIV HAMBURG, D-22761 HAMBURG, GERMANY. RP IST NAZL FIS NUCL, VIA CELORIA 16, I-20133 MILAN, ITALY. RI Sanchez, Eusebio/H-5228-2015; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/J-9896-2015; Hoorani, Hafeez/D-1791-2013; Palomares, Carmen/H-7783-2015; Fedin, Oleg/H-6753-2016; Roth, Stefan/J-2757-2016; Kamyshkov, Yuri/J-7999-2016; Di Lodovico, Francesca/L-9109-2016; Cavallo, Nicola/F-8913-2012; Cerrada, Marcos/J-6934-2014; de la Cruz, Begona/K-7552-2014; Vogel, Helmut/N-8882-2014; Ferguson, Thomas/O-3444-2014; Berdugo, Javier/A-2858-2015; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/F-5897-2015; Duran, Ignacio/H-7254-2015; Fiandrini, Emanuele/C-4549-2008; Lista, Luca/C-5719-2008; Kirkby, Jasper/A-4973-2012; Servoli, Leonello/E-6766-2012; bertucci, bruna/J-5237-2012 OI Sanchez, Eusebio/0000-0002-9646-8198; Rancoita, Pier Giorgio/0000-0002-1990-4283; Palomares, Carmen/0000-0003-4374-9065; Roth, Stefan/0000-0003-3616-2223; Kamyshkov, Yuri/0000-0002-3789-7152; Di Lodovico, Francesca/0000-0003-3952-2175; Cerrada, Marcos/0000-0003-0112-1691; Vogel, Helmut/0000-0002-6109-3023; Ferguson, Thomas/0000-0001-5822-3731; Berdugo, Javier/0000-0002-7911-8532; D'Alessandro, Raffaello/0000-0001-7997-0306; Kirkby, Jasper/0000-0003-2341-9069; Servoli, Leonello/0000-0003-1725-9185; NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 6 PY 1997 VL 413 IS 1-2 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)01092-7 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YH890 UT WOS:A1997YH89000025 ER PT J AU Breitweg, J Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Talaga, RL Yoshida, R Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M DePasquale, S Gialas, I Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, C Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Ricci, F Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Rembser, C Stamm, J Wedemeyer, R Wieber, H Bailey, DS CampbellRobson, S Cottingham, WN Foster, B HallWilton, R Hayes, ME Heath, GP Heath, HF Piccioni, D Roff, DG Tapper, RJ Arneodo, M Ayad, R Capua, M Garfagnini, A Iannotti, L Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Jakubowski, Z Przybycien, MB Zachara, M Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, M RulikowskaZarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Abbiendi, G Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Cases, G Deppe, O Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Gilkinson, DJ Glasman, C Gottlicher, P GrosseKnetter, J Haas, T Hain, W Hasell, D Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Labs, J Lindemann, L Lohr, B Lowe, M Manczak, O Milewski, J Monteiro, T Ng, JST Notz, D Ohrenberg, K Park, IH Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Roco, M Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Surrow, B Tassi, E Voss, T Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zarnecki, AF Zeuner, W Burow, BD Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Strickland, E Utley, ML Waugh, R Wilson, AS Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U MeyerLarsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Gladilin, LK Horstmann, D Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Schott, W Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Harris, VL Howell, G Hung, BHY Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Whitfield, AF Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Fleck, JI Ishii, T Kuze, M Nakao, M Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y An, SH Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, HS Park, SK Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Graciani, R Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L Martinez, M delPeso, J Puga, J Terron, J deTroconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Hung, LW Lim, JN Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG StLaurent, M Ullmann, R Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Chlebana, F Engelen, J Kooijman, P vanSighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Vreeswijk, M Wiggers, L deWolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ CooperSarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Harnew, N Lancaster, M McFall, JD Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Uijterwaal, H Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R DalCorso, F Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Bulmahn, J Feild, RG Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y DAgostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Williams, DC Schwarzer, O Walenta, AH Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Suzuki, I Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Yamauchi, K Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Brkic, M Fagerstroem, CP Hartner, GF Joe, KK Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sampson, CR Simmons, D Teuscher, RJ Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Jones, TW Kaziewicz, PB Lane, JB Saunders, RL Shulman, J Sutton, MR Lu, B Mo, LW Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kasprzak, M Muchorowski, K Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Adamus, M Coldewey, C Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Revel, D Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Dasu, S Foudas, C Loveless, RJ Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wodarczyk, M Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB AF Breitweg, J Derrick, M Krakauer, D Magill, S Mikunas, D Musgrave, B Repond, J Stanek, R Talaga, RL Yoshida, R Zhang, H Mattingly, MCK Anselmo, F Antonioli, P Bari, G Basile, M Bellagamba, L Boscherini, D Bruni, A Bruni, G Romeo, GC Castellini, G Cifarelli, L Cindolo, F Contin, A Corradi, M DePasquale, S Gialas, I Giusti, P Iacobucci, G Laurenti, C Levi, G Margotti, A Massam, T Nania, R Palmonari, F Pesci, A Polini, A Ricci, F Sartorelli, G Garcia, YZ Zichichi, A Amelung, C Bornheim, A Brock, I Coboken, K Crittenden, J Deffner, R Eckert, M Grothe, M Hartmann, H Heinloth, K Heinz, L Hilger, E Jakob, HP Katz, UF Kerger, R Paul, E Pfeiffer, M Rembser, C Stamm, J Wedemeyer, R Wieber, H Bailey, DS CampbellRobson, S Cottingham, WN Foster, B HallWilton, R Hayes, ME Heath, GP Heath, HF Piccioni, D Roff, DG Tapper, RJ Arneodo, M Ayad, R Capua, M Garfagnini, A Iannotti, L Schioppa, M Susinno, G Kim, JY Lee, JH Lim, IT Pac, MY Caldwell, A Cartiglia, N Jing, Z Liu, W Mellado, B Parsons, JA Ritz, S Sampson, S Sciulli, F Straub, PB Zhu, Q Borzemski, P Chwastowski, J Eskreys, A Jakubowski, Z Przybycien, MB Zachara, M Zawiejski, L Adamczyk, L Bednarek, B Bukowy, M Jelen, K Kisielewska, D Kowalski, T Przybycien, M RulikowskaZarebska, E Suszycki, L Zajac, J Dulinski, Z Kotanski, A Abbiendi, G Bauerdick, LAT Behrens, U Beier, H Bienlein, JK Cases, G Deppe, O Desler, K Drews, G Fricke, U Gilkinson, DJ Glasman, C Gottlicher, P GrosseKnetter, J Haas, T Hain, W Hasell, D Johnson, KF Kasemann, M Koch, W Kotz, U Kowalski, H Labs, J Lindemann, L Lohr, B Lowe, M Manczak, O Milewski, J Monteiro, T Ng, JST Notz, D Ohrenberg, K Park, IH Pellegrino, A Pelucchi, F Piotrzkowski, K Roco, M Rohde, M Roldan, J Ryan, JJ Savin, AA Schneekloth, U Selonke, F Surrow, B Tassi, E Voss, T Westphal, D Wolf, G Wollmer, U Youngman, C Zarnecki, AF Zeuner, W Burow, BD Grabosch, HJ Meyer, A Schlenstedt, S Barbagli, G Gallo, E Pelfer, P Maccarrone, G Votano, L Bamberger, A Eisenhardt, S Markun, P Trefzger, T Wolfle, S Bromley, JT Brook, NH Bussey, PJ Doyle, AT Saxon, DH Sinclair, LE Strickland, E Utley, ML Waugh, R Wilson, AS Bohnet, I Gendner, N Holm, U MeyerLarsen, A Salehi, H Wick, K Gladilin, LK Horstmann, D Kcira, D Klanner, R Lohrmann, E Poelz, G Schott, W Zetsche, F Bacon, TC Butterworth, I Cole, JE Harris, VL Howell, G Hung, BHY Lamberti, L Long, KR Miller, DB Pavel, N Prinias, A Sedgbeer, JK Sideris, D Whitfield, AF Mallik, U Wang, SM Wu, JT Cloth, P Filges, D Fleck, JI Ishii, T Kuze, M Nakao, M Tokushuku, K Yamada, S Yamazaki, Y An, SH Lee, SB Nam, SW Park, HS Park, SK Barreiro, F Fernandez, JP Garcia, G Graciani, R Hernandez, JM Hervas, L Labarga, L Martinez, M delPeso, J Puga, J Terron, J deTroconiz, JF Corriveau, F Hanna, DS Hartmann, J Hung, LW Lim, JN Murray, WN Ochs, A Riveline, M Stairs, DG StLaurent, M Ullmann, R Tsurugai, T Bashkirov, V Dolgoshein, BA Stifutkin, A Bashindzhagyan, GL Ermolov, PF Golubkov, YA Khein, LA Korotkova, NA Korzhavina, IA Kuzmin, VA Lukina, OY Proskuryakov, AS Shcheglova, LM Solomin, AN Zotkin, SA Bokel, C Botje, M Brummer, N Chlebana, F Engelen, J Kooijman, P vanSighem, A Tiecke, H Tuning, N Verkerke, W Vossebeld, J Vreeswijk, M Wiggers, L deWolf, E Acosta, D Bylsma, B Durkin, LS Gilmore, J Ginsburg, CM Kim, CL Ling, TY Nylander, P Romanowski, TA Blaikley, HE Cashmore, RJ CooperSarkar, AM Devenish, RCE Edmonds, JK Harnew, N Lancaster, M McFall, JD Nath, C Noyes, VA Quadt, A Ruske, O Tickner, JR Uijterwaal, H Walczak, R Waters, DS Bertolin, A Brugnera, R Carlin, R DalCorso, F Dosselli, U Limentani, S Morandin, M Posocco, M Stanco, L Stroili, R Voci, C Bulmahn, J Feild, RG Oh, BY Okrasinski, JR Whitmore, JJ Iga, Y DAgostini, G Marini, G Nigro, A Raso, M Hart, JC McCubbin, NA Shah, TP Epperson, D Heusch, C Rahn, JT Sadrozinski, HFW Seiden, A Williams, DC Schwarzer, O Walenta, AH Abramowicz, H Briskin, G Dagan, S Kananov, S Levy, A Abe, T Fusayasu, T Inuzuka, M Nagano, K Suzuki, I Umemori, K Yamashita, T Hamatsu, R Hirose, T Homma, K Kitamura, S Matsushita, T Yamauchi, K Cirio, R Costa, M Ferrero, MI Maselli, S Monaco, V Peroni, C Petrucci, MC Sacchi, R Solano, A Staiano, A Dardo, M Bailey, DC Brkic, M Fagerstroem, CP Hartner, GF Joe, KK Levman, GM Martin, JF Orr, RS Polenz, S Sampson, CR Simmons, D Teuscher, RJ Butterworth, JM Catterall, CD Jones, TW Kaziewicz, PB Lane, JB Saunders, RL Shulman, J Sutton, MR Lu, B Mo, LW Ciborowski, J Grzelak, G Kasprzak, M Muchorowski, K Nowak, RJ Pawlak, JM Pawlak, R Tymieniecka, T Wroblewski, AK Zakrzewski, JA Adamus, M Coldewey, C Eisenberg, Y Hochman, D Karshon, U Revel, D Badgett, WF Chapin, D Cross, R Dasu, S Foudas, C Loveless, RJ Mattingly, S Reeder, DD Smith, WH Vaiciulis, A Wodarczyk, M Bhadra, S Frisken, WR Khakzad, M Schmidke, WB TI Observation of isolated high-E-T photons in photoproduction at HERA SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL TRACKING DETECTOR; CROSS-SECTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; COMPTON-SCATTERING; HARD SCATTERING; GLOBAL QCD; ZEUS; COLLISIONS; CONSTRUCTION; CALORIMETER AB Events containing an isolated prompt photon with high transverse energy, together with a balancing jet, have been observed for the first time in photoproduction at HERA. The data were taken with the ZEUS detector, in a gamma p centre of mass energy range 120-250 GeV. The fraction of the incoming photon energy participating in the production of the prompt photon and the jet, x(gamma), shows a strong peak near unity, consistent with LO QCD Monte Carlo predictions. In the transverse energy and pseudorapidity range 5 less than or equal to E-T(gamma) < 10 GeV, -0.7 less than or equal to eta(gamma) < 0.8, E-T(jet) greater than or equal to 5 GeV, and -1.5 less than or equal to eta(jet) less than or equal to 1.8, with x(gamma)(OBS) > 0.8, the measured cross section is 15.3 +/- 3.8 +/- 1.8 ph, in good agreement with a recent NLO calculation. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ANDREWS UNIV, BERRIEN SPRINGS, MI 49104 USA. UNIV BOLOGNA, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. UNIV BONN, INST PHYS, D-5300 BONN, GERMANY. UNIV BRISTOL, HH WILLS PHYS LAB, BRISTOL BS8 1TL, AVON, ENGLAND. UNIV CALABRIA, DEPT PHYS, I-87036 COSENZA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, COSENZA, ITALY. CHONNAM NATL UNIV, KWANGJU, SOUTH KOREA. COLUMBIA UNIV, NEVIS LABS, IRVINGTON, NY USA. INST NUCL PHYS, KRAKOW, POLAND. ACAD MIN & MET, FAC PHYS & NUCL TECHNIQUES, KRAKOW, POLAND. JAGIELLONIAN UNIV, DEPT PHYS, PL-31007 KRAKOW, POLAND. DESY, D-2000 HAMBURG, GERMANY. DESY, IFH, ZEUTHEN, GERMANY. UNIV FLORENCE, I-50121 FLORENCE, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-50125 FLORENCE, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, LAB NAZL FRASCATI, I-00044 FRASCATI, ITALY. UNIV FREIBURG, FAK PHYS, D-7800 FREIBURG, GERMANY. UNIV GLASGOW, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, GLASGOW G12 8QQ, LANARK, SCOTLAND. UNIV HAMBURG, INST EXPT PHYS 1, HAMBURG, GERMANY. UNIV HAMBURG, INST EXPT PHYS 2, D-2000 HAMBURG, GERMANY. UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED, HIGH ENERGY NUCL PHYS GRP, LONDON SW7 2AZ, ENGLAND. UNIV IOWA, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, IOWA CITY, IA 52242 USA. FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JULICH, FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM, INST KERNPHYS, D-5170 JULICH, GERMANY. KEK, INST PARTICLE & NUCL STUDIES, TSUKUBA, IBARAKI, JAPAN. KOREA UNIV, SEOUL 136701, SOUTH KOREA. UNIV AUTONOMA MADRID, DEPT FIS TEOR, E-28049 MADRID, SPAIN. MCGILL UNIV, DEPT PHYS, MONTREAL, PQ H3A 2T5, CANADA. MEIJI GAKUIN UNIV, FAC GEN EDUC, YOKOHAMA, KANAGAWA, JAPAN. MOSCOW ENGN PHYS INST, MOSCOW 115409, RUSSIA. MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV, INST NUCL PHYS, MOSCOW, RUSSIA. NIKHEF H, NL-1009 DB AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. UNIV AMSTERDAM, NL-1012 WX AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS. OHIO STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. UNIV OXFORD, DEPT PHYS, OXFORD, ENGLAND. UNIV PADUA, DIPARTIMENTO FIS, I-35100 PADUA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, PADUA, ITALY. PENN STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. POLYTECH UNIV, SAGAMIHARA, KANAGAWA, JAPAN. UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA, DIPARTIMENTO FIS, I-00185 ROME, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, ROME, ITALY. RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB, DIDCOT OX11 0QX, OXON, ENGLAND. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ, SANTA CRUZ, CA 95064 USA. UNIV GESAMTHSCH SIEGEN, FACHBEREICH PHYS, D-5900 SIEGEN, GERMANY. TEL AVIV UNIV, RAYMOND & BEVERLY SACKLER FAC EXACT SCI, SCH PHYS, IL-69978 TEL AVIV, ISRAEL. UNIV TOKYO, DEPT PHYS, TOKYO 113, JAPAN. TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIV, DEPT PHYS, TOKYO, JAPAN. UNIV TURIN, DIPARTIMENTO FIS SPERIMENTALE, I-10124 TURIN, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-10125 TURIN, ITALY. UNIV TURIN, FAC SCI 2, ALESSANDRIA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, ALESSANDRIA, EGYPT. UNIV TORONTO, DEPT PHYS, TORONTO, ON, CANADA. UCL, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, LONDON WC1E 6BT, ENGLAND. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, BLACKSBURG, VA 24061 USA. UNIV WARSAW, INST EXPT PHYS, PL-00325 WARSAW, POLAND. INST NUCL STUDIES, PL-00681 WARSAW, POLAND. WEIZMANN INST SCI, DEPT PARTICLE PHYS, IL-76100 REHOVOT, ISRAEL. UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT PHYS, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. YORK UNIV, DEPT PHYS, N YORK, ON M3J 1P3, CANADA. CNR, IROE, I-50127 FLORENCE, ITALY. UNIV TURIN, I-10124 TURIN, ITALY. RP ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. RI Morandin, Mauro/A-3308-2016; Bashkirov, Vladimir/A-4818-2008; De Pasquale, Salvatore/B-9165-2008; Lancaster, Mark/C-1693-2008; Doyle, Anthony/C-5889-2009; Golubkov, Yury/E-1643-2012; Proskuryakov, Alexander/J-6166-2012; Katz, Uli/E-1925-2013; Wiggers, Leo/B-5218-2015; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/H-9127-2015; Tassi, Enrico/K-3958-2015; Gladilin, Leonid/B-5226-2011; Solomin, Anatoly/C-3072-2016; OI Morandin, Mauro/0000-0003-4708-4240; De Pasquale, Salvatore/0000-0001-9236-0748; Doyle, Anthony/0000-0001-6322-6195; Katz, Uli/0000-0002-7063-4418; Wiggers, Leo/0000-0003-1060-0520; Hernandez Calama, Jose Maria/0000-0001-6436-7547; Gladilin, Leonid/0000-0001-9422-8636; Bailey, David C/0000-0002-7970-7839; Kasemann, Matthias/0000-0002-0429-2448; Arneodo, Michele/0000-0002-7790-7132; Abbiendi, Giovanni/0000-0003-4499-7562 NR 44 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 EI 1873-2445 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD NOV 6 PY 1997 VL 413 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 216 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)01164-7 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YH890 UT WOS:A1997YH89000026 ER PT J AU Young, DM Kitts, CL Unkefer, PJ Ogden, KL AF Young, DM Kitts, CL Unkefer, PJ Ogden, KL TI Biological breakdown of RDX in slurry reactors proceeds with multiple kinetically distinguishable paths SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR; SOIL SLURRY; BIODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE; ORGANISMS AB Biotransformation of RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in slurry reactors was studied to determine the importance of supplementation of known biodegraders and the type of nutrient source required. Although addition of bacteria to the system increased the biotransformation rates, the increase may not justify the additional work and cost needed to grow the organisms in a laboratory and mix them into the soil. An inexpensive, rich nutrient source, corn steep liquor, was shown to provide sufficient nutrients to allow for the cometabolic biotransformation of RDX. The rate of RDX transformation was not constant throughout the course of the experiment due to the heterogeneous microbial population. Three kinetically distinct phases were observed. Regardless of the process, RDX biotransformation in slurry reactors was reaction rate limited under the test conditions. Model simulations based on experimental results demonstrate that, at cell densities of 5 g/L, bioremediation of RDX-contaminated soil is an attractive clean-up alternative. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT CHEM & ENVIRONM ENGN,TUCSON,AZ 85721. CALIF POLYTECH STATE UNIV SAN LUIS OBISPO,DEPT BIOL SCI,SAN LUIS OBISPO,CA 93407. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV,LOS ALAMOS,NM. NR 25 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD NOV 5 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 258 EP 267 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XZ728 UT WOS:A1997XZ72800003 PM 18636641 ER PT J AU Cherry, RS Thompson, DN AF Cherry, RS Thompson, DN TI Shift from growth to nutrient-limited maintenance kinetics during biofilter acclimation SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE biofilter; kinetics; maintenance metabolism; acclimation; biomass; nutrient limitation ID WASTE GASES; BIOFILTRATION; AIR; REMOVAL; BEHAVIOR; TOLUENE; FILTER; MODEL; STATE; VAPOR AB During long-term operation of a biofilter, the mandatory absence of net cell growth forces the cells into maintenance metabolism, which is of relatively low rate compared to substrate consumption during the active growth of the acclimation phase. A model based on this shift in metabolism can explain the postacclimation decrease in activity sometimes reported for biofilters. The cessation of growth can be caused by nutrient depletion in the bed. Postacclimation nutrient addition increases activity primarily by allowing a return to the high substrate consumption rate of active growth, and only secondarily helps raise bed activity because of the ultimately higher amount of biomass in the bed. Simulations incorporating the acclimation period and the role of maintenance metabolism predict about 4 logarithms of growth during acclimation of a hexane biofilter, which was confirmed experimentally. Changes in a biofilter's biomass during the acclimation phase can be estimated from substrate conversion data using two approximate methods. The first follows the cumulative amount of substrate converted and uses the estimated yield of cells from substrate during active growth to estimate the total biomass created. The second method follows a rate constant for conversion of substrate in the bed. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP Cherry, RS (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN & ENVIRONM LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD NOV 5 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 3 BP 330 EP 339 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19971105)56:3<330::AID-BIT11>3.0.CO;2-K PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA XZ728 UT WOS:A1997XZ72800011 PM 18636649 ER PT J AU Zauche, TH Espenson, JH AF Zauche, TH Espenson, JH TI Kinetics and mechanism of the oxidation of secondary hydroxylamines to nitrones with hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by methylrhenium trioxide SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TERT-BUTYLNITRONE PBN; EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS; CYCLO-ADDITION; SPIN ADDUCTS; METHYLTRIOXORHENIUM; AMINES; DERIVATIVES; ALKYL; SPECTROSCOPY; EPOXIDATION AB Secondary hydroxylamines, (RCH2)(2)NOH and (R2CH)(2)NOH, were converted to nitrones, RCH2N(O)=CHR and R2CHN(O)=CR2, in >94% yield with hydrogen peroxide as an oxygen donor and methylrhenium trioxide (MTO) as a catalyst. High concentrations of hydrogen peroxide were used so that the methylrhenium diperoxide, CH3Re(O)(eta(2)-O-2)(2)(H2O), was the dominant and reactive form of the catalyst. Representative rate constants are as follows: k/L mol(-1) s(-1) = 150 (R = Me), 52 (Et), 13.8 (Pr-i), and 3.33 (PhCH2) in methanol at 25.0 degrees C. There is no H/D kinetic isotope effect on the rate constant for this step. The data are interpreted to infer the intervention of an oxygenated intermediate, (RCH2)(2)N(O)OH, which then rapidly dehydrates to yield the nitrone. Two products are formed from unsymmetrical hydroxylamines, the ratio of which establishes the reactivities of the intermediate toward the competing elimination reactions: (RCH2)(R'CH2)NOH-->((RCH2)(R'CH2)N(O)OH)-->chi RCH2N(O)=CHR'+(1-chi)R'CH2N(O)=CHR. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. NR 46 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0020-1669 J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD NOV 5 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 23 BP 5257 EP 5261 DI 10.1021/ic970649d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA YE901 UT WOS:A1997YE90100017 ER PT J AU Adams, DM Kerimo, J Olson, EJC Zaban, A Gregg, BA Barbara, PF AF Adams, DM Kerimo, J Olson, EJC Zaban, A Gregg, BA Barbara, PF TI Spatially-resolving nanoscopic structure and excitonic-charge-transfer quenching in molecular semiconductor heterojunctions SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SCANNING OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; 3,4,9,10-PERYLENETETRACARBOXYLIC DIANHYDRIDE PTCDA; PERYLENE-3,4-9,10-BIS(DICARBOXIMIDE) PIGMENTS; PHOTOVOLTAIC PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; EXTENDED EXCITONS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHTHALOCYANINE; CELLS AB Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and scanning force microscopy have been employed to spatially resolve the complex morphologies, spectroscopy, and charge transfer induced fluorescence quenching efficiencies of a (perylene phenethylimide)/(titanyl phthalocyanine) bilayer (PPEI/TiOPc). The PPEI/TiOPc bilayer is a typical example of a n-like/p-like molecular semiconductor heterojunction, which is a common component in photocells, LEDs, and other devices. NSOM-polarized fluorescence and transmission data - and separate bulk X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic measurements - on PPEI/TiOPc bilayers and PPEI and TiOPc single layers has lend to a nanoscopic and mesoscopic picture of how vacuum deposition and subsequent solvent-vapor-annealing controls the local structure of these films. The layers and bilayers are highly organized, containing localized crystalline regions which are preferentially oriented relative to the substrate and PPEI/TiOPc interface. In highly annealed bilayers, only a small fraction of the area of the interface makes good contact between the bilayers, and the contact regions are less than 100 nm(2) in most cases. The consequences of the observed morphology on the charge separation efficiencies at the interface is examined. It is shown that exciton migration both perpendicular and parallel to the molecular interface are involved in the charge separation mechanism. Extended methylene chloride, solvent-vapor-annealing of PPEI films produces long needle-like PPEI crystals with a range of sizes, as follows: width (50-200 nm), length (1000-2000 nm), and height (50-200 nm). Annealing of the TiOPc yields nanocrystallites that are preferentially oriented relative to the interface with a height in the range of 10-100 nm and widths in the range of < 10 nm to 30 nm. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT CHEM,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. NR 44 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 5 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 44 BP 10608 EP 10619 DI 10.1021/ja9717774 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA YE661 UT WOS:A1997YE66100007 ER PT J AU Bakac, A AF Bakac, A TI Kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrogen atom transfer to superoxometal complexes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL HYDRIDES; ELECTRODE-POTENTIALS; CARBONYL HYDRIDES; RHODIUM(III); ACTIVATION; OXYGEN; BOND; SUPEROXIDE; REDUCTION; DIOXYGEN AB Dicationic metal superoxo complexes, L(H2O)MOO2+ (M = Rh, Cr; L = (NH3)(4), (H2O)(5), [14]aneN(4)) react with rhodium hydrides L'(H2O)RhH2+ (L' = (NH3)(4), [14]aneN(4), and meso-Me-6-[14]aneN(4)) to yield L(H2O)MOOH2+ and L'(H2O)(2)Rh2+. The rhodium(II) product is rapidly converted to L'(H2O)RhOO2+ in a reaction with molecular oxygen (k similar to 10(8) M-1 s(-1)), or to a binuclear superoxo product in the absence of O-2. When the central metal atom and nonparticipating ligands are identical in the two reactants (M = Rh, L = L'), the O-2 insertion into Rh-H bond becomes catalytic, L'RhH2+ + O-2 --> L'RhOOH2+ (L'RhOO2+ = catalyst). The hydrogen transfer step exhibits a large kinetic isotope effect (k(H)/k(D) = 7.6 for the reaction of CraqOO2+ with ([14]aneN(4))(H2O)RhH2+, Delta H-H(double dagger) = 20.3 +/- 1.8 kJ mol(-1), Delta S-H(double dagger) = -136 +/- 6 J mol(-1) K-1, and Delta H-D(double dagger) = 24.7 +/- 4.3 kJ mol(-1), Delta S-D(double dagger) = -138 +/- 15 J mol(-1) K-1), but the isotopic composition of the solvent has no effect on rates, k(H2O)/k(D2O) = 1. Steric effects play a major role in the kinetics. From the available thermochemical data, the energy of the CraqOO-H2+ bond was calculated to be similar to 330 kJ/mol. RP Bakac, A (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV, AMES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 49 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD NOV 5 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 44 BP 10726 EP 10731 DI 10.1021/ja971987g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA YE661 UT WOS:A1997YE66100019 ER PT J AU Leggett, RW AF Leggett, RW TI A model of the distribution and retention of tungsten in the human body SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE tungsten; biokinetics; model; man; distribution; retention; excretion ID METAL LUNG-DISEASE; BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION; MOLECULAR-BASIS; CALCIUM TUNGSTATE; XANTHINE-OXIDASE; BIOKINETIC MODEL; SULFITE OXIDASE; TREATED RATS; MOLYBDENUM; ELEMENTS AB Expanding industrial and military uses of tungsten could result in substantially increased levels of this metal in the environment in the next few years. Although occupational experiences and available toxicological studies on laboratory animals suggest that tungsten may have a relatively low order of toxicity, the data are weak and inconclusive. There is a need not only for more systematic studies of the behavior and effects of tungsten in different animal species but also for a reliable, biologically realistic biokinetic model for tungsten in man that can be used to relate concentrations of this metal in environmental media to concentrations in tissues of exposed persons and translate results of experimental studies into term of environmental exposures. This paper is intended as a first step toward development of such a biokinetic model. Information related to the biokinetics of tungsten in mammalian species is examined, a biologically meaningful compartmental model structure is proposed, provisional transfer rates between compartments are selected, areas are identified where additional biokinetic data on tungsten are most needed and suggestions are made for further research into the biokinetics of tungsten. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Leggett, RW (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,BLDG 1060COM,MS6480,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 51 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 5 PY 1997 VL 206 IS 2-3 BP 147 EP 165 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YF703 UT WOS:A1997YF70300006 PM 9394480 ER PT J AU Connor, DM Hinton, TG Bell, CM AF Connor, DM Hinton, TG Bell, CM TI Variance partitioning as a guide for sampling and comparing spatial distributions of Hg and Cs-137 in sediments SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE variance partitioning; sampling design; contaminated sediment; mercury; caesium-137 ID REACTOR AB Distributions of Hg and Cs-137 were examined in the sediments of a contaminated reservoir. The data were used to illustrate how the simple technique of variance partitioning can help in the efficient design of statistically sound environmental sampling schemes. Three regions of the reservoir were evaluated: sediment previously exposed during a 5.8-m draw-down of the water column (Zone 1), sediment in the vicinity of an old creek bed (Zone 3) and sediment between the two zones (Zone 2). Variance partitioning indicated that the largest variance components were due to differences between zones (38%) and samples from adjacent sediment cores within a zone (44%). Variation among aliquots (samples taken from the same core) was < 1%. This knowledge allowed us to reallocate sampling effort from aliquots to an increase in held sampling without increasing analysis effort. Different release histories, as well as leaching and erosion from the exposed sediments are discussed as possible reasons for observed differences in the spatial distributions of Hg and Cs-137. Hg was found to be equally concentrated in the two deeper zones (2 and 3) while Cs-137 was found to exist in the order of Zone 1 < Zone 2 < Zone 3. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 5 PY 1997 VL 206 IS 2-3 BP 167 EP 176 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YF703 UT WOS:A1997YF70300007 ER PT J AU Martino, A Stoker, M Hicks, M Bartholomew, CH Sault, AG Kawola, JS AF Martino, A Stoker, M Hicks, M Bartholomew, CH Sault, AG Kawola, JS TI The synthesis and characterization of iron colloid catalysts in inverse micelle solutions SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE iron; boride; cluster; inverse micelle; surfactant; hydrogenolysis ID CADMIUM-SULFIDE INSITU; METAL BORIDE PARTICLES; IN-OIL MICROEMULSIONS; REVERSE MICELLES; SEMICONDUCTOR PARTICLES; PLATINUM PARTICLES; LIQUEFACTION CATALYSTS; BOROHYDRIDE REDUCTION; NONAQUEOUS SOLUTIONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB We have studied the synthesis and characterization of Fe based nanometer sized clusters formed in inverse micelle solutions. Inverse micelles provide a colloidal sized reaction template in an oleic solvent. Metal salts are solubilized within the interior of inverse micelles, and the addition of a reducing agent initiates nucleation and growth to produce the clusters, Surfactant acts to stabilize the particles. TEM shows that the average particle size is less than 3 nm in diameter. The reduction reaction of iron salts with LiBH4 in inverse micelle solutions results in the formation of FeB, Fe2+BOx (i.e. pyroborate), and alpha-Fe as determined by Mossbauer spectroscopy, electron diffraction, and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Oxidation after exposure to air leads to the conversion of the FeB to alpha-Fe then to an undetermined Fe2+ phase and then finally to Fe3O4. Iron based metals are of interest as active, selective catalysts for a number of hydrogenation reactions including methanation and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, We report catalytic results of iron clusters in the hydrogenolysis of naphthyl bibenzyl methane (NBM), a model reaction for coal liquefaction, The role of surfactant in the reaction mechanism is determined. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT CHEM ENGN, PROVO, UT 84602 USA. RP Martino, A (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS, FUEL SCI DEPT, POB 5800, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. OI Stoker, Matthew/0000-0003-0672-0183 NR 88 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X EI 1873-3875 J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD NOV 4 PY 1997 VL 161 IS 1-2 BP 235 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0926-860X(97)00074-4 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YG472 UT WOS:A1997YG47200025 ER PT J AU Gormley, RJ Zarochak, MF Deffenbaugh, PW Rao, KRPM AF Gormley, RJ Zarochak, MF Deffenbaugh, PW Rao, KRPM TI Effect of initial wax medium on the Fischer-Tropsch slurry reaction SO APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL LA English DT Article DE Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; slurry reactor; wax medium; iron catalysts; catalyst deactivation; syngas conversion; carbon monoxide hydrogenation ID PRECIPITATED IRON CATALYSTS; MASS-TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS; LIQUID COMPOSITION; GAS; ACTIVATION; SOLUBILITY; PRODUCTS; WATER; H-2; CO AB This investigation measured the impact of the liquid starting medium on syngas (H-2+CO) conversion via the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis in a 11 continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The experiments were conducted with a low-wax producing iron catalyst, so that the liquid medium composition was unaltered by accumulation of product wax throughout the experiment. Our results show a greater deactivation rate for the F-T reaction in heavier starting media (Polywax-655, Allied AC-1702, and Mobil F-T product wax) versus the lighter medium (n-octacosane). The syngas (H-2+CO) conversions were approximately equal and steady for the first five days in both light and heavy, commercially available wax media. However, the conversions dropped more rapidly in the heavier wax media (from 85% to 60% in 12-13 days), but only modestly in the light wax media (from 90% to 85% in 15 days). An even sharper deactivation rate occurred with the heavy Mobil F-T wax (from 85% to 60% in six days). For all experiments, the water gas shift (WGS) ratio in the outlet gases dropped concurrently. One proposed explanation for this increased deactivation in the heavier waxes is that heavier products are being formed by secondary reactions. These products could build up over time and restrict the diffusion of hydrocarbon products and water vapor out of the pores. The presence of higher partial pressures of water vapor could irreversibly oxidize the catalyst. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR LIB,PITTSBURGH,PA 15129. UNIV KENTUCKY,CONSORTIUM FOSSIL FUEL LIQUEFACT SCI,LEXINGTON,KY 40506. RP Gormley, RJ (reprint author), US DOE,PITTSBURGH ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA 15236, USA. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-860X J9 APPL CATAL A-GEN JI Appl. Catal. A-Gen. PD NOV 4 PY 1997 VL 161 IS 1-2 BP 263 EP 279 DI 10.1016/S0926-860X(97)00077-X PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YG472 UT WOS:A1997YG47200027 ER PT J AU Sun, XD Wang, KA Yoo, Y WallaceFreedman, WG Gao, C Xiang, XD Schultz, PG AF Sun, XD Wang, KA Yoo, Y WallaceFreedman, WG Gao, C Xiang, XD Schultz, PG TI Solution-phase synthesis of luminescent materials libraries SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID COMBINATORIAL AB Communication: The application of combinatorial methods to the synthesis and characterization of novel materials is described for the case of solution-phase synthesis of phosphors based on rare-earth-activated refractory metal oxides. A scanning multi-inkjet system is shown to be suitable for the fabrication of a library such as (LamGd1-m)-AlnOx:Eu-y(3-), the photoluminescence image of part of which is shown in the Figure. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,INST MOL DESIGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Xiang, Xiaodong/A-9445-2012; Xiang, Xiaodong/A-5936-2017 NR 23 TC 86 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 17 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD NOV 3 PY 1997 VL 9 IS 13 BP 1046 EP & DI 10.1002/adma.19970091311 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA YG025 UT WOS:A1997YG02500009 ER PT J AU Tang, H Li, F Shinar, J AF Tang, H Li, F Shinar, J TI Bright high efficiency blue organic light-emitting diodes with Al2O3/Al cathodes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; ELECTRODES AB The behavior of bright, efficient, low-driving-voltage blue organic light-emitting diodes based on amino-oxadiazole-fluorenes (AODFs) with Al2O3/Al cathodes is described. It is shown that the thin Al2O3 buffer layer sharply enhances current injection, increases the device efficiency, and reduces the driving voltage; the performance of devices with the optimal oxide buffer layer thickness approaches those with Mg0.9Ag0.1 cathodes. The effects of the Al2O3 buffer layer are believed to result from the removal of interface gap states induced by defects and chemical bonds between the AODF and Al, which trap carriers and quench singlet excitons nonradiatively. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951(97)00144-7]. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP Tang, H (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 17 TC 113 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 18 BP 2560 EP 2562 DI 10.1063/1.119325 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YE507 UT WOS:A1997YE50700002 ER PT J AU Chow, WW Wright, AF Girndt, A Jahnke, F Koch, SW AF Chow, WW Wright, AF Girndt, A Jahnke, F Koch, SW TI Microscopic theory of gain for an InGaN/AlGaN quantum well laser SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEMICONDUCTORS; GAN; ALN; INN AB This letter describes a microscopic gain theory for an InGaN/AlGaN quantum well laser. The approach, which is based on the semiconductor Bloch equations, with carrier correlations treated at the level of quantum kinetic theory in the Markovian limit, gives a consistent treatment of plasma and excitonic effects, both of which are important under lasing conditions. Inhomogeneous broadening due to spatial variations in quantum well thickness or composition is taken into account by a statistical average of the homogeneously broadened spectra. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV MARBURG,DEPT PHYS,D-35032 MARBURG,GERMANY. UNIV MARBURG,CTR MAT SCI,D-35032 MARBURG,GERMANY. RP Chow, WW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87518, USA. NR 14 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 18 BP 2608 EP 2610 DI 10.1063/1.120155 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YE507 UT WOS:A1997YE50700018 ER PT J AU Armstrong, TA Barish, KN Bennett, MJ Bennett, SJ Chikanian, A Coe, SD Cormier, TM Davies, R DeCataldo, G Dee, P Diebold, GE Dover, CB Fachini, P Finch, LE George, NK Giglietto, N Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Huang, HZ Kim, B Kumar, BS Lajoie, JG Lewis, RA Li, Q Li, Y Libby, B Majka, RD Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Pless, LA Pope, JK Porile, NT Pruneau, CA Rabin, MSZ Raino, A Reid, JD Rimai, A Rotondo, FS Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Slaughter, RP Slaughter, AJ Smith, GA Spinelli, P Srivastava, BK Tincknell, ML Toothacker, WS VanBuren, G Wilson, WK Wohn, FK Wolin, EJ Zhao, K AF Armstrong, TA Barish, KN Bennett, MJ Bennett, SJ Chikanian, A Coe, SD Cormier, TM Davies, R DeCataldo, G Dee, P Diebold, GE Dover, CB Fachini, P Finch, LE George, NK Giglietto, N Greene, SV Haridas, P Hill, JC Hirsch, AS Huang, HZ Kim, B Kumar, BS Lajoie, JG Lewis, RA Li, Q Li, Y Libby, B Majka, RD Munhoz, MG Nagle, JL Pless, LA Pope, JK Porile, NT Pruneau, CA Rabin, MSZ Raino, A Reid, JD Rimai, A Rotondo, FS Sandweiss, J Scharenberg, RP Slaughter, RP Slaughter, AJ Smith, GA Spinelli, P Srivastava, BK Tincknell, ML Toothacker, WS VanBuren, G Wilson, WK Wohn, FK Wolin, EJ Zhao, K TI Antiproton production in 11.5A GeV/c Au+Pb nucleus-nucleus collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; PBAR AB We present the first results from the E864 Collaboration on the production of antiprotons in 10% central 11.5A GeV/c Au + Ph nucleus collisions at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron. We report invariant multiplicities for antiproton production in the kinematic region 1.4 < y < 2.2 and 50 < p(T) < 300 MeV/c, and compare our data with a first collision scaling model and previously published results from the E878 Collaboration. The differences between the E864 and E878 antiproton measurements and the implications for antihyperon production are discussed. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024. IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES,IA 50011. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. PENN STATE UNIV,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. WAYNE STATE UNIV,DETROIT,MI 48201. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06520. RP Armstrong, TA (reprint author), UNIV BARI,IST NAZL FIS NUCL,BARI,ITALY. RI giglietto, nicola/I-8951-2012 OI giglietto, nicola/0000-0002-9021-2888 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 18 BP 3351 EP 3354 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3351 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YE565 UT WOS:A1997YE56500009 ER PT J AU Datz, S Beene, JR Grafstrom, P Knudsen, H Krause, HF Schuch, RH Vane, CR AF Datz, S Beene, JR Grafstrom, P Knudsen, H Krause, HF Schuch, RH Vane, CR TI Anomalies in the nuclear dissociation cross sections of Pb-208 at 33 TeV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-IONS; ELECTROMAGNETIC DISSOCIATION; AU-197 TARGETS; COLLISIONS; RESONANCE; PHYSICS; PB AB We have measured total nuclear disintegration cross sections for Pb-208 ions at 33 TeV (160-GeV A) colliding with C, Si, Cu, Sn, and Pb. Using well established theory, we calculate the nuclear electromagnetic, electron electromagnetic, and the hadronic contributions and find that their sum underestimates the measured cross sections. An additive correction term linear in target Z(T) (i.e., 120Z(T) mb) is necessary to bring agreement between theory and experiment, The source of this additional term is unknown. C1 CERN,SPS,SL DIV,CH-1211 GENEVA 23,SWITZERLAND. AARHUS UNIV,INST PHYS & ASTRON,DK-8000 AARHUS C,DENMARK. UNIV STOCKHOLM,DEPT ATOM PHYS,S-10405 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. RP Datz, S (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 18 BP 3355 EP 3358 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3355 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YE565 UT WOS:A1997YE56500010 ER PT J AU Dunford, RW Gemmell, DS Jung, M Kanter, EP Berry, HG Livingston, AE Cheng, S Curtis, LJ AF Dunford, RW Gemmell, DS Jung, M Kanter, EP Berry, HG Livingston, AE Cheng, S Curtis, LJ TI E1-M1 damping interference in the electric field quenching of metastable Ar17+ ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAMB SHIFT; HYDROGENIC IONS; RADIATIVE DECAY; ATOMS; LIFETIME; STATE; RATES; HE+ AB We have confirmed the prediction of a pseudo-time-reversal-odd anisotropy proportional to (E) over right arrow.(k) over cap in the decay of metastable (2s(1/2)) Ar17+ ions in an electric field (E) over right arrow, where (k) over cap is the direction of observation. The anisotropy arises from interference between the Mi and induced El amplitudes for the decay. Theory predicts that the pseudo-T-odd invariant should contribute to the angular distribution through a term associated with the damping (finite lifetime) of the 2p levels. The decay rate for the interference term is found to be -1.64(0.12) s(-1) sr(-1) (V/cm)(-1). This corresponds to a 2s Lamb shift for Ar17+ of 38.6(1.4) THz. C1 UNIV NOTRE DAME,DEPT PHYS,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. UNIV TOLEDO,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,TOLEDO,OH 43606. RP Dunford, RW (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 18 BP 3359 EP 3362 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3359 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YE565 UT WOS:A1997YE56500011 ER PT J AU Mattor, N Parker, SE AF Mattor, N Parker, SE TI Nonlinear kinetic fluid equations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DRIFT INSTABILITIES; MODELS AB Fluid equations are derived that describe wave-particle resonances, which usually require kinetic theory. Unlike previous such efforts the closure is not linearized, and so retains many nonlinear wave-particle effects never before described by fluid equations. To demonstrate utility, we show that the new equations can retain trapping, time reversibility, and rectify a discrepancy between full kinetic theory and linear kinetic fluid closures. C1 UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Mattor, N (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 12 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 18 BP 3419 EP 3422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3419 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YE565 UT WOS:A1997YE56500026 ER PT J AU Somer, FL Canright, GS Kaplan, T Chen, K Mostoller, M AF Somer, FL Canright, GS Kaplan, T Chen, K Mostoller, M TI Inherent structures and two-stage melting in two dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LENNARD-JONES SYSTEMS; GRAIN-BOUNDARY THEORY; 2 DIMENSIONS; LIQUIDS; TRANSITION; ORDER; GLASSES; PHASE AB A large-scale study of the ''inherent structures'' (IS) associated with equilibrium two-dimensional Lennard-Jones systems is presented. The results validate, for simple 2D fluids, an essential premise of inherent-structures theory: there are consistent, qualitative differences between the IS associated with distinct equilibrium phases. The hexatic IS show free dislocations plus some nonpercolating grain boundaries. The liquid IS always contain percolating grain boundaries, but no evidence of free disclinations. Our results are consistent with the dislocation-unbinding scenario for the hexatic phase, but leave open the question of the microscopic melting mechanism leading to the isotropic liquid. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Somer, FL (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 18 BP 3431 EP 3434 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3431 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YE565 UT WOS:A1997YE56500029 ER PT J AU Vinokur, VM Nattermann, T AF Vinokur, VM Nattermann, T TI Hysteretic depinning of anisotropic charge density waves SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VORTEX LATTICE; TRANSPORT; NBSE3; PHASE; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; DYNAMICS; BEHAVIOR AB We investigate the depinning transition in a dirty periodic medium considering a model of layered charge density waves asa prototype system. We find that depinning from strong disorder occurs via a two stage process where, first, the pinned system experiences a continuous transition into a plastically sliding state and undergoes a second sharp hysteretic transition into a coherently moving 3D state at In the weakly disordered system the depinning into a coherently sliding state remains higher drives; continuous. C1 UNIV COLOGNE,INST THEORET PHYS,D-50937 COLOGNE,GERMANY. RP Vinokur, VM (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 18 BP 3471 EP 3474 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3471 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YE565 UT WOS:A1997YE56500039 ER PT J AU Norman, MR Ding, H Campuzano, JC Takeuchi, T Randeria, M Yokoya, T Takahashi, T Mochiku, T Kadowaki, K AF Norman, MR Ding, H Campuzano, JC Takeuchi, T Randeria, M Yokoya, T Takahashi, T Mochiku, T Kadowaki, K TI Unusual dispersion and line shape of the superconducting state spectra of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; EXCITATIONS; YBA2CU3O6+X; BILAYER; WEIGHT AB Photoemission spectra of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta below T-c show two features near the (pi, 0) point of the zone: a sharp peak at low energy and a higher binding energy hump. We find that the sharp peak persists at low energy even as one moves towards (0,0), while the broad hump shows significant dispersion which correlates well with the normal state dispersion. We argue that these features are naturally explained by the interaction of electrons with a sharp mode which appears only below T-c and speculate that the latter may be related to the resonance seen in recent neutron data. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PHYS,CHICAGO,IL 60607. NAGOYA UNIV,DEPT CRYSTALLINE MAT SCI,NAGOYA,AICHI 46401,JAPAN. TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RES,BOMBAY 400005,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. TOHOKU UNIV,DEPT PHYS,SENDAI,MIYAGI 980,JAPAN. NATL RES INST MET,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. UNIV TSUKUBA,INST MAT SCI,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. RP Norman, MR (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Takahashi, Takashi/E-5080-2010; Tohoku, Arpes/A-4890-2010; Campuzano, Juan Carlos/G-4358-2012; Norman, Michael/C-3644-2013; YOKOYA, Takayoshi/B-1478-2011; OI Ding, Hong/0000-0003-4422-9248 NR 27 TC 200 Z9 202 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 18 BP 3506 EP 3509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3506 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YE565 UT WOS:A1997YE56500048 ER PT J AU Sinkovic, B Tjeng, LH Brookes, NB Goedkoop, JB Hesper, R Pellegrin, E deGroot, FMF Altieri, S Hulbert, SL Shekel, E Sawatzky, GA AF Sinkovic, B Tjeng, LH Brookes, NB Goedkoop, JB Hesper, R Pellegrin, E deGroot, FMF Altieri, S Hulbert, SL Shekel, E Sawatzky, GA TI Local electronic and magnetic structure of Ni below and above T-C: A spin-resolved circularly polarized resonant photoemission study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 6-EV SATELLITE; NICKEL; TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; DICHROISM; BANDS AB We report the measurement of the local Ni 3d spin polarization, not only below but also above the Curie temperature (T-C), using the newly developed spin-resolved circularly polarized 2p (L-3) resonant photoemission technique. The experiment identifies the presence of 3d(8) singlets at high energies and 3d(8) triplets at low energies extending all the way to the Fermi energy, both below and above T-C, showing that it is the orbital degeneracy of the 3d band and the Hund's rule splitting which is of utmost importance to understand Ni and other 3d ferromagnets. C1 UNIV GRONINGEN,CTR MAT SCI,SOLID STATE PHYS LAB,NL-9747 AG GRONINGEN,NETHERLANDS. EUROPEAN SYNCHROTRON RADIAT FACIL,F-38043 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE DEPT,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Sinkovic, B (reprint author), NYU,DEPT PHYS,4 WASHINGTON PL,NEW YORK,NY 10003, USA. RI Sawatzky, George/D-2997-2012; de Groot, Frank/A-1918-2009 NR 29 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 18 BP 3510 EP 3513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3510 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YE565 UT WOS:A1997YE56500049 ER PT J AU Phair, L Rubehn, T Moretto, LG Wozniak, GJ AF Phair, L Rubehn, T Moretto, LG Wozniak, GJ TI Circumstantial evidence for critical behavior in peripheral Au+Au collisions at 35 MeV/nucleon - Comment SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FLUCTUATIONS RP Phair, L (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV NUCL SCI,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 5 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 3 PY 1997 VL 79 IS 18 BP 3538 EP 3538 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.3538 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YE565 UT WOS:A1997YE56500056 ER PT J AU Kulic, ML Buzdin, AI Bulaevskii, LN AF Kulic, ML Buzdin, AI Bulaevskii, LN TI Magnetism and superconductivity in (RE)Ni2B2C: The case of TmNi2B2C SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID NICKEL BORIDE CARBIDES AB The recently reported coexistence of an oscillatory magnetic order with wave vector Q = 0.241(-1) and superconductivity in TmNi2B2C is analyzed theoretically. It is shown that the oscillatory magnetic order and superconductivity interact predominantly via the exchange interaction between localized moments (LMs) and conduction electrons, while the electromagnetic interaction between them is negligible. In the coexistence phase of the clean TmNi2B2C the quasiparticle spectrum should have a line of zeros at the Fermi surface, giving rise to the power-law behavior of thermodynamic and transport properties. Two scenarios of the origin of the oscillatory magnetic order in TmNi2B2C are analyzed: (a) due to superconductivity and (b) independently of superconductivity. Experiments in a magnetic field are proposed in order to choose between them, (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV BORDEAUX 1,CNRS URS 1537,CTR PHYS THEOR & MODELISAT,GRADIGNAN,FRANCE. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Kulic, ML (reprint author), MAX PLANCK INST FESTKORPERFORSCH,HEISENBERGSTR 1,D-70569 STUTTGART,GERMANY. RI Buzdin, Alexander/I-6038-2013 NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD NOV 3 PY 1997 VL 235 IS 3 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00568-9 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YC262 UT WOS:A1997YC26200015 ER PT J AU Rej, DJ Faehl, RJ Matossian, JN AF Rej, DJ Faehl, RJ Matossian, JN TI Key issues in plasma-source ion implantation SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Ion Beam Surface Technology CY MAY 20-22, 1996 CL TOMSK, RUSSIA SP European Res Off, UK, London, Hughes Res Lab, Malibu, CA, Linetron Sci Ind Enterprise, N Novogorod, Russian Dept Sci & Tech Policy, Moscow, Russian Fundamental Res Fdn, Moscow, US Ind Consortium, Albuquerque, NM, USA, Res Dev & Standardizat Grp DE plasma source ion implantation; ion sources; ion implantation; particle-in-cell calculation ID PLANAR AB Plasma-source ion implantation (PSII) is a scaleable, non-line-of-sight method for the surface modification of materials. In this paper, we consider three important issues which should be addressed before wide-scale commercialization of PSII: (1) implant conformality, (2) ion sources, and (3) secondary electron emission. To ensure a uniform implanted dose over complex shapes, the ion sheath thickness must be kept sufficiently small. This criterion places demands on ion sources and pulsed-power supplies. Another limitation to date is the availability of additional ion species beyond B, C, N, and O. Possible solutions are the use of metal are vaporization sources and plasma discharges in high vapor-pressure organometallic precursors. Finally, secondary electron emission presents a potential efficiency and X-ray hazard issue, since for many metallurgic applications the emission coefficient can be as large as 20. Techniques to suppress secondary electron emission are discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Hughes Res Labs, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. RP Rej, DJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS-D434, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD NOV 3 PY 1997 VL 96 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1016/S0257-8972(97)00095-9 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA YM387 UT WOS:000071058500008 ER PT J AU Bujacz, G Miller, M Harrison, R Thanki, N Gilliland, GL Ogata, CM Kim, SH Wlodawer, A AF Bujacz, G Miller, M Harrison, R Thanki, N Gilliland, GL Ogata, CM Kim, SH Wlodawer, A TI Structure of monellin refined to 2.3 angstrom resolution in the orthorhombic crystal form SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID INTENSELY SWEET PROTEIN; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCE; DIOSCOREOPHYLLUM-CUMMINSII; MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES; THAUMATIN-I; PURIFICATION; PRINCIPLE; INHIBITOR; CYSTATIN AB The structure of orthorhombic crystals of monellin, a sweet protein extracted from African serendipity berries, has been solved by molecular replacement and refined to 2.3 Angstrom resolution. The final R factor was 0.150 for a model with excellent geometry. A monellin molecule consists of two peptides that are non-covalently bound, with chain A composed of three beta-strands interconnected by loop regions and chain B composed of two beta-strands interconnected by an alpha-helix. The N terminus of chain A is in close proximity to the C terminus of chain B. The two molecules in the asymmetric unit are related by a non-crystallographic twofold axis and form a dimer, similar to those previously observed in other crystal forms of both natural and single-chain monellin. The r.m.s. deviation between the C alpha atoms in the two independent molecules is 0.60 Angstrom, while the deviations from the individual molecules in the previously reported monoclinic crystals are 0.50-0.57 Angstrom. This result proves that the structure of monellin is not significantly influenced by crystal packing forces. C1 NIST,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. UNIV MARYLAND,INST BIOTECHNOL,CTR ADV RES BIOTECHNOL,ROCKVILLE,MD 20850. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,HOWARD HUGHES MED INST,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Bujacz, G (reprint author), NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,MACROMOL STRUCT LAB,FREDERICK,MD 21702, USA. RI Miller, Maria/I-1636-2013 OI Miller, Maria/0000-0003-0252-5348 NR 31 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 53 BP 713 EP 719 DI 10.1107/S0907444997006860 PN 6 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA YJ649 UT WOS:A1997YJ64900010 PM 15299859 ER PT J AU Kerfeld, CA Wu, YP Chan, C Krogmann, DW Yeates, TO AF Kerfeld, CA Wu, YP Chan, C Krogmann, DW Yeates, TO TI Crystals of the carotenoid protein from Arthrospira maxima containing uniformly oriented pigment molecules SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-HARVESTING COMPLEX; PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTION-CENTER; CYANOBACTERIA; MEMBRANE; BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL; MODEL AB Crystals of a carotenoid protein from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira maxima have been grown in space group C2 with unit-cell dimensions a = 219.6, b = 40.3, c = 75.5 Angstrom and beta = 95.5 degrees. The crystals diffract X-rays to 2.3 Angstrom resolution and display unusual optical properties in polarized light that suggest that all of the carotenoid molecules in the crystals are oriented similarly. A slight increase in the concentration of a crystallization additive in the mother liquor induces macroscopic twinning, which is also visible when the crystals are illuminated with polarized light. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT BIOCHEM,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. RP Kerfeld, CA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DOE,LAB STRUCT BIOL & MOL MED,BOX 951570,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095, USA. OI Yeates, Todd/0000-0001-5709-9839 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 53 BP 720 EP 723 DI 10.1107/S0907444997006999 PN 6 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA YJ649 UT WOS:A1997YJ64900011 PM 15299860 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, K James, RD Swart, PJ AF Bhattacharya, K James, RD Swart, PJ TI Relaxation in shape-memory alloys .1. Mechanical model SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article ID RUBBER-LIKE BEHAVIOR; ZN-AL MARTENSITES; PSEUDOELASTICITY; MICROSTRUCTURE AB A variety of relaxation phenomena such as the stabilization of martensite, rubber-like behavior, evolving hysteresis loops and stabilization of interfaces have been observed in various shape-memory alloys. These effects adversely impact technological applications. Despite a great deal of experimental evidence, there is no consensus on the mechanism. However, there is universal agreement on certain fundamental aspects of these phenomena. Based on these areas of agreement, we propose a phenomenological, but predictive, model in this paper. This model is based on the framework of thermoelasticity augmented with an internal variable. In this part, we discuss the basic mechanical model and show that it reproduces the experimental observations remarkably well. In Part II of this paper, we extend this model to include thermal effects and use these models to propose new experiments in order to clarify longstanding issues. (C) 1997 Acta Metallurgica Inc. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AEROSP ENGN & MECH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Bhattacharya, K (reprint author), CALTECH,DIV ENGN & APPL SCI,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. OI Bhattacharya, Kaushik/0000-0003-2908-5469 NR 33 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 45 IS 11 BP 4547 EP 4560 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00124-9 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YE504 UT WOS:A1997YE50400013 ER PT J AU Bhattacharya, K James, RD Swart, PJ AF Bhattacharya, K James, RD Swart, PJ TI Relaxation in shape-memory alloys .2. Thermo-mechanical model and proposed experiments SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article AB A variety of relaxation phenomena such as stabilization of martensite, rubber-like behavior, evolving hysteresis loops and stabilization of interfaces have been observed in various shape-memory alloys. These effects adversely impact technological applications. In Part I of this paper we proposed a phenomenological, but predictive, model of the mechanical behavior of these materials. We showed that this model reproduces the experimental observations. In this part, we extend this model to include the effects of temperature and the austenite-martensite transformation. Once again, the predictions from this extended model agree with experimental observations. We can therefore conclude that the basic phenomenological ideas combined with a few easily measured material parameters is sufficient to predict the behavior of these materials. Finally, we propose new experiments in order to probe longstanding issues concerning the mechanism responsible for the relaxation. (C) 1997 Acta Metallurgica Inc. C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,DEPT AEROSP ENGN & MECH,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Bhattacharya, K (reprint author), CALTECH,DIV ENGN & APPL SCI,PASADENA,CA 91125, USA. OI Bhattacharya, Kaushik/0000-0003-2908-5469 NR 4 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 45 IS 11 BP 4561 EP 4568 DI 10.1016/S1359-6454(97)00125-0 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YE504 UT WOS:A1997YE50400014 ER PT J AU Knutson, EO George, AC Tu, KW AF Knutson, EO George, AC Tu, KW TI The graded screen technique for measuring the diffusion coefficient of radon decay products SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVITY SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICLE-SIZE; THORON PROGENY; WIRE SCREENS; ALGORITHM; BATTERY; AEROSOL; RECONSTRUCTION; ENVIRONMENT; DAUGHTERS AB The main focus of this paper is the graded screen array (GSA) sampler, a specialized diffusion battery developed modified at our Laboratory to measure the size distribution of unattached Po-218, a naturally occurring ''atomic aerosol,'' implicated in causing lung cancer. The GSA, as used in this study, consists of four stainless steel wire screens with increasing mesh count, each positioned on a circular mount. For sampling, the four mounted screens are stacked into a holder and air is drawn through them in the direction of increasing mesh count. A backup filter is placed behind the fourth screen. After sampling, the alpha radioactivity on each screen, and on the backup filter, is measured by standard methods. Size distributions are retrieved from these data using both the Nelder-Mead downhill simplex method and the expectation-maximization algorithm. To illustrate the usefulness of the GSA sampler, size distributions from Po-218 samples taken from the radon chamber at Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, are discussed in detail. It was found that 96% or more of the radioactivity was associated with a size mode centered at diffusion coefficient = 0.06 cm(2) s(-1). In contrast, Pb-212 samples taken at the Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Albuquerque, MM, yielded size distributions that were clearly bimodal (three of six cases) or possibly bimodal (two of six cases). All samples had one mode at about 0.044 cm(2) s(-1). The location of the other mode averaged 0.0054 cm(2) s(-1), but varied with test conditions. Additionally, data from our earlier publications have been reexamined in light of our added experience with the GSA sampler. (C) 1997 American Association for Aerosol Research. C1 CLARKSON UNIV,POTSDAM,NY 13676. RP Knutson, EO (reprint author), US DOE,ENVIRONM MEASUREMENTS LAB,NEW YORK,NY 10014, USA. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 27 IS 5 BP 604 EP 624 DI 10.1080/02786829708965500 PG 21 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YC384 UT WOS:A1997YC38400004 ER PT J AU Alvin, KF AF Alvin, KF TI Efficient computation of eigenvector sensitivities for structural dynamics SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DERIVATIVES AB An iterative procedure is presented for computing eigenvector sensitivities due to finite element model parameter variations. The present method is a preconditioned conjugate projected gradient-based technique and is intended to utilize the existing matrix factorizations developed for an iterative eigensolution such as Lanczos or Subspace Iteration. As such, this technique can be integrated into a coupled eigensolver/sensitivity software module and leverage the nonrecurring costs of the solver. The use of projection operators in the algorithm is dictated by the indefinite character of the governing coefficient matrix of the eigenvector derivative. Two model examples are provided to demonstrate both the accuracy of the present technique and its superior efficiency as compared to existing techniques with similar accuracy. RP Alvin, KF (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,STRUCT DYNAM & VIBRAT CONTROL DEPT,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 12 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1760 EP 1766 DI 10.2514/2.24 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA YE271 UT WOS:A1997YE27100011 ER PT J AU Zhong, GM Smith, MS Guiochon, G AF Zhong, GM Smith, MS Guiochon, G TI Effect of the flow rates in linear, ideal, simulated moving-bed chromatography SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COUNTERCURRENT; SEPARATION; MODEL AB The algebraic solution for linear, ideal simulated moving-bed (SMB) chromatography derived previously revealed important new properties of the SMB process. This solution was validated by comparing with experimental data and with the results of numerical solutions of the equilibrium-dispersive and the lumped kinetic model. This earlier solution, however was limited to the simple case in which the safety factor was assumed to be the same for the flow rates in all four sections. An extension of this solution to the case in which the safety factors differ and allow an independent selection of the four different flow rates (within limits) is derived. This solution accounts well for most practical situations. It permits the discussion of the influence of different flow rates on the performance of an SMB unit, an issue of critical importance for the optimization of the design and operation of these separators. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT CHEM,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 17 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 43 IS 11 BP 2960 EP 2969 DI 10.1002/aic.690431109 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA YF725 UT WOS:A1997YF72500008 ER PT J AU Yun, T Zhong, GM Guiochon, G AF Yun, T Zhong, GM Guiochon, G TI Experimental study of the influence of the flow rates in SMB chromatography SO AICHE JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED MOVING-BED; ADSORPTION SEPARATION PROCESSES; COUNTERCURRENT; DESIGN; MODEL AB A Sorbex-type SMB separation instrument was operated for the separation of mixtures of 2-phenyl ethanol and 3-phenyl-1-propanol on a series of eight columns packed with Zorbax C18 bonded silica, using a 60:40 (v/v) solution of methanol and water as the mobile phase. The experiments were carried out with low-concentration mixtures under linear conditions. The elation profiles of both compounds between any two successive columns of the set under steady-state conditions were recorded while compositions of the raffinate and extract were measured. The four safety margin factors, beta(j), were divided into groups: beta(1) and beta(4); beta(2) and beta(3) with different influence. Within the framework of the linear, ideal model of chromatography, a range of flow rates enables an SMB to operate successfully by completely separating the feed into its two components, The influence of different flow rates on the performance of the separator was studied by calculations and experiments with excellent agreement between both sets. With a simple optimization strategy, the four flow rates are selected to maximize the production rate or the concentration of extract and raffinate products, or to minimize the desorbent consumption. These optimum conditions are obtained by controlling the locations of concentration profiles inside the SMB. A reliable model for SMB operation allows a rapid and easy selection of the optimum experimental conditions. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT CHEM,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0001-1541 J9 AICHE J JI AICHE J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 43 IS 11 BP 2970 EP 2983 DI 10.1002/aic.690431110 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA YF725 UT WOS:A1997YF72500009 ER PT J AU Williams, PT AF Williams, PT TI Interactive effects of exercise, alcohol, and vegetarian diet on coronary artery disease risk factors in 9242 runners: The National Runners' Health Study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE vegetarianism; veganism; alcohol; diet; running; physical activity; high-density lipoproteins; low-density lipoproteins; blood pressure; adiposity; coronary artery disease; humans ID HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; FOOD FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; MODERATELY OVERWEIGHT MEN; WEIGHT-LOSS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BLOOD-PRESSURE; PLASMA-LIPIDS; SERUM-LIPOPROTEINS; HIGH-CARBOHYDRATE AB In a national survey, 199 male and 152 female vegetarian runners and 7054 male and 1837 female omnivorous runners provided data on weekly intakes of alcohol, red meat, fish, and fruit, and weekly distance run. This information was compared with physician-supplied medical data to test whether 1) running benefits vegetarians, 2) alcohol and running distance contribute independently to concentrations of high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and 3) running mitigates the hypertensive effects of alcohol. Greater reported weekly distance run by vegetarians was associated with geater HDL-cholesterol concentrations [slopes +/- SEs for men and women, respectively: 0.003 +/- 0.001 and 0.005 +/- 0.002 (mmol/L)/km] and lower waist (-0.06 +/- 0.02 and -0.08 +/- 0.02 cm/km), hip (-0.05 +/- 0.03 and -0.07 +/- 0.02 cm/km), and chest (-0.05 +/- 0.02 cm/km for both) circumferences. In men and women, alcohol and running distance contributed independently to higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations. Men who ran > 72 km and drank > 177 mL (6 oz) alcohol/wk were five times more likely to have clinically defined high HDL cholesterol (greater than or equal to 1.55 mmol/L, or greater than or equal to 60 mg/dL) than were nondrinkers running < 24 km/wk. Regardless of running level, men's blood pressure increased in association with alcohol intake. These data suggest that 1) running distance in vegetarians and vegans has the same relation to HDL cholesterol (increasing) and adiposity (decreasing) as reported previously for omnivores, 2) alcohol and running distance contribute independently to higher HDL cholesterol, and 3) running does not abate the hypertensive effects of alcohol in men. Also, vigorous exercise provides important health benefits beyond those obtained by diet. RP Williams, PT (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BLDG 934,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-45652, HL55640] NR 56 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-2310, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 66 IS 5 BP 1197 EP 1206 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA YD648 UT WOS:A1997YD64800021 PM 9356539 ER PT J AU Boudreau, AY Baron, SL Steenland, NK VanGilder, TJ Decker, JA Galson, SK Seitz, T AF Boudreau, AY Baron, SL Steenland, NK VanGilder, TJ Decker, JA Galson, SK Seitz, T TI Occupational risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in hospital workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; occupational exposure; hospital workers; nosocomial transmission; infection control measures; tuberculin skin test ID OUTBREAK AB We conducted a 4-year (1/89-12/92) retrospective cohort study among employees at a large metropolitan hospital where a nosocomial outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) had occurred. We compared the risk of tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion among employees who worked on wards where patients with culture-confirmed TB were cared for (''exposed'') with the risk among employees who worked on wards with no such patients (''unexposed''). Exposed employees had a higher 4-year risk of TST conversion (14.5%) than unexposed employees (1.4%) (adjusted relative risk 13.4; 95 percent confidence interval 5.1-35.2). Exposed employees had significantly higher risks of conversion than unexposed employees during 1989-91, but not for 1992. Among the exposed, ward clerks had a risk of conversion (15.6%) only slightly lower than nurses (18.2%). We conclude that employees who worked in areas where patients with active M. tuberculosis infection were cared for, including workers who did not provide direct patient care, had a higher risk of TST conversion than employees who did not work in these areas. Reasons for the decline in risk over time include outbreak termination, fewer admissions of patients with TB, implementation of effective infection control measures, and possible resistance to infection in some members of the study population. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,CINCINNATI,OH 45226. CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,EPIDEMIOL PROGRAM OFF,ATLANTA,GA. US DOE,WASHINGTON,DC. RP Boudreau, AY (reprint author), NIOSH,DIV SURVEILLANCE HAZARD EVALUAT & FIELD STUDI,CTR DIS CONTROL & PREVENT,DENVER FED CTR,DENVER,CO 80225, USA. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 32 IS 5 BP 528 EP 534 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199711)32:5<528::AID-AJIM14>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA XY727 UT WOS:A1997XY72700014 PM 9327078 ER PT J AU KunzSchughart, LA Habbersett, RC Freyer, JP AF KunzSchughart, LA Habbersett, RC Freyer, JP TI Mitochondrial function in oncogene-transfected rat fibroblasts isolated from multicellular spheroids SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rat embryo fibroblasts; mitochondria; cell cycle; flow cytometry ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; DIFFERENT REGIONS; TUMOR SPHEROIDS; SELECTIVE DISSOCIATION; METABOLIC ALTERATIONS; ACRIDINE-ORANGE; CELLS; GROWTH; RHODAMINE-123 AB Two mitochondrion-specific fluorochromes, 10-N-nonyl acridine orange (NAO) and rhodamine 123 (Rh123), were used to determine the mechanism responsible for alterations in energy metabolism of transformed rat embryo fibroblast cells isolated from different locations within multicellular spheroids. Accumulation of Rh123 depends on intact mitochondrial membrane potential, whereas NAO is taken up by mitochondria independently of their function and thus represents mitochondrial distribution only. A reproducible selective dissociation procedure was used to isolate cells from different locations within the spheroids. After isolation, cells were simultaneously stained with one mitochondrial stain and the DNA dye Hoechst 33342, and several parameters, including cell volume, were monitored via multilaser-multiparameter flow cytometry. Our data clearly show a decrease in the uptake of Rh123 in cells from the periphery to the inner regions of the tumor spheroids, reflecting a persistent alteration in mitochondrial function. However, NAO staining experiments showed no reduction in the total mitochondrial mass per unit cell volume. Because cells were exposed to stain under uniform conditions after isolation from the spheroid, these data indicate that downregulation of mitochondrial function is associated with cell quiescence rather than a transient effect of reduced nutrient availability. This result, which is in accordance with data from two other cell lines (EMT6 and 9L), might reflect a general phenomenon in multicellular spheroids, supporting the hypothesis that quiescent cells in the innermost viable spheroid layer stably reduce their mitochondrial function, presumably to compensate for lower nutrient supply and/or decreased energy demand. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV LIFE SCI, CELLULAR & MOL BIOL GRP, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV LIFE SCI, CYTOMETRY GRP, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RP KunzSchughart, LA (reprint author), UNIV REGENSBURG, INST PATHOL, FRANZ JOSEF STR ALLEE 11, D-93053 REGENSBURG, GERMANY. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0363-6143 J9 AM J PHYSIOL-CELL PH JI Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 273 IS 5 BP C1487 EP C1495 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Physiology SC Cell Biology; Physiology GA YF562 UT WOS:A1997YF56200007 ER PT J AU Trevor, JL Mencer, DE Lykke, KR Pellin, MJ Hanley, L AF Trevor, JL Mencer, DE Lykke, KR Pellin, MJ Hanley, L TI Surface mass spectrometry of biotinylated self-assembled monolayers SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LASER-DESORPTION; ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; GOLD SURFACES; SENSOR; POSTIONIZATION; CYCLODEXTRINS; RECOGNITION; IONIZATION; THIOLS; FILMS AB Biotin and biotinylated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold have been investigated using time-of-night secondary ion mass spectrometry, direct laser desorption, laser desorption with 193 nm photoionization of ion- and laser-desorbed species, and laser desorption with vacuum ultraviolet (VUV, 118 nm) photoionization, Our results indicate that direct laser desorption and laser desorption combined with 193 nn multiphoton ionization can detect a chromophoric molecule like biotin that is covalently bound to a SAIM. However, secondary ion mass spectra were dominated by fragmentation, and ion desorption/193 mn photoionization detected no species related to biotin. The dominant features of the laser desorption/VUV mass spectra were neat and Au-complexed dimers of intact and fragmented biotinylated SAM molecules. Multiphoton and single-photon ionization of laser-desorbed neutrals from biotinylated SAMs both led to the production of ions useful for chemical analysis of the monolayer, Multiphoton ionization with ultraviolet radiation was experimentally less challenging but required a chromophore for ionization and resulted in significant fragmentation of the adsorbate, Single-photon ionization with VUV radiation was experimentally more challenging but did not require a chromophore and led to less fragmentation. X-ray photoelectron spectra indicated that the biotinylated SAM formed a disordered, 40-60 Angstrom thick monolayer on Au. Additionally, projection photolithography with a Schwanschild microscope was used to pattern the biotinylated SAM surface and laser desorption/photoionization was used to detect biotinylated adsorbates from the similar to 10 mu m sized pattern. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT CHEM,CHICAGO,IL 60607. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV SCI MAT,ARGONNE,IL 60439. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,HAZLETON,PA 18533. RI Pellin, Michael/B-5897-2008 OI Pellin, Michael/0000-0002-8149-9768 NR 42 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 21 BP 4331 EP 4338 DI 10.1021/ac970283m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA YD678 UT WOS:A1997YD67800012 PM 21639167 ER PT J AU Preisler, J Yeung, ES AF Preisler, J Yeung, ES TI Laser photodissociation of insulin ions generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE; PEPTIDE IONS; RESOLUTION; MOLECULES; PROTEINS; BIOMOLECULES; VELOCITY; PROBE AB A novel method for studying the ionization step of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is demonstrated. A 193-nm pulse from an ArF excimer laser is used to photodissociate a portion of a plume of insulin ions generated by MALDI. Laser photodissociation (LPD) creates a ''hole'', i.e., a negative spike in the insulin peak in the time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrum. The position of the hole in the mass spectrum provides useful measurements of the characteristics (position, time, and velocity) of insulin ions shortly after their creation, Although the performance of the method can be further improved, the data obtained could be used to refine our current understanding of MALDI and to improve the resolution of MALDI-TOFMS. C1 US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50011. RI Preisler, Jan/B-2005-2009 OI Preisler, Jan/0000-0002-9819-1284 NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 69 IS 21 BP 4390 EP 4398 DI 10.1021/ac970248f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA YD678 UT WOS:A1997YD67800020 PM 9360493 ER PT J AU Su, BJ Pomraning, GC AF Su, BJ Pomraning, GC TI A spatial and angular moments analysis of the monoenergetic pencil beam problem SO ANNALS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING THEORY; PARTICLE-BEAM; DIFFUSION; FLUX AB We consider the time-independent, monoenergetic, normally incident pencil beam (searchlight) problem for a homogeneous, source-free, finite thickness, purely scattering slab. By adopting a cylindrical coordinate system to describe this problem, exact equations are developed for the radial and azimuthal Fourier cosine moments of the angular flux. The analysis is carried out for both the full integral scattering desription as well as its Fokker-Planck differential approximation. Assuming that the beam remains nearly collimated as it passes through the slab, these moment equations are analysed using an additional (in this case asymptotic) moments method in the polar angle. The resulting set of coupled, one-dimensional (in the depth variable) ordinary differential equations are used to construct asymptotic power series representations for certain radial moments of the scalar flux. These one-dimensional series are then used to improve earlier descriptions, due to Fermi and Jette, of the radial and depth variations of the beam scalar flux. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,SCH ENGN & APPL SCI,LOS ANGELES,CA 90095. RP Su, BJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,TRANSPORT METHODS GRP,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0306-4549 J9 ANN NUCL ENERGY JI Ann. Nucl. Energy PD NOV PY 1997 VL 24 IS 16 BP 1349 EP 1371 DI 10.1016/S0306-4549(97)00044-3 PG 23 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA XL599 UT WOS:A1997XL59900005 ER PT J AU Suci, PA Siedlecki, KJ Palmer, RJ White, DC Geesey, GG AF Suci, PA Siedlecki, KJ Palmer, RJ White, DC Geesey, GG TI Combined light microscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for integration of biofilm structure, distribution, and chemistry at solid-liquid interfaces SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; FLUORESCENCE; FILMS AB Reflected differential interference contrast microscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to obtain complementary data on the structural and chemical properties of a biofilm. This information was obtained nondestructively, quasisimultaneously, and in real time, thereby permitting the verification of time-dependent relationships between the biofilm's population structure, distribution, and interfacial chemistry. The approach offers opportunities to examine these relationships on a variety of substrata in the presence of a bulk aqueous phase under controlled hydrodynamic conditions. C1 MONTANA STATE UNIV,DEPT MICROBIOL,BOZEMAN,MT 59717. INTEL CORP,RIO RANCHO,NM 87124. UNIV TENNESSEE,CTR ENVIRONM BIOTECHNOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830. RP Suci, PA (reprint author), MONTANA STATE UNIV,CTR BIOFILM ENGN,BOZEMAN,MT 59717, USA. NR 17 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 63 IS 11 BP 4600 EP 4603 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA YE281 UT WOS:A1997YE28100070 PM 16535743 ER PT J AU McLachlan, RI Gray, SK AF McLachlan, RI Gray, SK TI Optimal stability polynomials for splitting methods, with application to the time-dependent Schrodinger equation SO APPLIED NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Innovative Time Integrators CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 1996 CL CTR MATH & COMP SCI, AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS HO CTR MATH & COMP SCI ID SYMPLECTIC INTEGRATORS AB We determine optimal stability polynomials p(x) for splitting method solutions of differential equations, building on previous work by Lopez-Marcos, Sanz-Serna and Skeel (1996). The methods have a variety of stage numbers and an up to eighth order. Knowledge of p(x) allows construction of the most stable splitting methods for given complexity. As an illustration, we construct symplectic corrector algorithms (C-1 KC, where the kernel It is an m-stage splitting method) which approximate the solution of linear Hamiltonian systems. The kernels K that realize the optimal stability polynomials are found for this case. We also discuss the construction of correctors C, and find them for two particularly promising kernels. Numerical calculations for a time-dependent Schrodinger equation problem confirm the methods' usefulness. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. MASSEY UNIV,DEPT MATH,PALMERSTON NORTH,NEW ZEALAND. RP McLachlan, RI (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,ISAAC NEWTON INST MATH SCI,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0EH,ENGLAND. NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9274 J9 APPL NUMER MATH JI Appl. Numer. Math. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 25 IS 2-3 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1016/S0168-9274(97)00064-0 PG 12 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA YE319 UT WOS:A1997YE31900012 ER PT J AU Phillion, DW AF Phillion, DW TI General methods for generating phase-shifting interferometry algorithms SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE phase measuring; phase determining; phase shift; interferometry ID DERIVATION; VIBRATION; DESIGN AB Two completely independent systematic approaches for designing algorithms are presented. One approach uses recursion rules to generate a new algorithm from an old one, only with an insensitivity to more error sources. The other approach uses a least-squares method to optimize the noise performance of an algorithm while constraining it to a desired set of properties, These properties might include insensitivity to detector nonlinearities as high as a certain power, insensitivity to linearly varying laser power, and insensitivity to some order to the piezoelectric transducer voltage ramp with the wrong slope. A noise figure of merit that is valid for any algorithm is also derived. This is crucial for evaluating algorithms and is what is maximized in the least-squares method. This noise figure of merit is a certain average over the phase because in general the noise sensitivity depends on it. It is valid for both quantization noise and photon noise. The equations that must be satisfied for an algorithm to be insensitive to various error sources are derived. A multivariate Taylor-series expansion in the distortions is used, and the time-varying background and signal amplitudes are expanded in Taylor series in time. Many new algorithms and families of algorithms are derived. (C) 1991 Optical Society of America. RP Phillion, DW (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,ADV MICROTECHNOL PROGRAM,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 15 TC 85 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 31 BP 8098 EP 8115 DI 10.1364/AO.36.008098 PG 18 WC Optics SC Optics GA YD659 UT WOS:A1997YD65900004 PM 18264342 ER PT J AU Jellison, GE Modine, FA AF Jellison, GE Modine, FA TI Two-modulator generalized ellipsometry: experiment and calibration SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE ellipsometry; polarimetry; photoelastic modulator; Mueller matrix AB A two-modulator generalized ellipsometer is described that is capable of measuring all 16 elements of a sample Mueller matrix with four measurements made at different azimuthal orientations of the polarization state generator and polarization state detector. If the sample can he described with a Mueller-Jones matrix, only a single measurement is needed. Only two calibration steps are needed to determine the fundamental operating parameters of the instrument. A reflection measurement from silicon is presented as an example, which illustrates that the elements of the Mueller-Jones matrix can be measured to an accuracy of similar to 0.1-0.2%. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. RP Jellison, GE (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 7 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 31 BP 8184 EP 8189 DI 10.1364/AO.36.008184 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA YD659 UT WOS:A1997YD65900017 PM 18264355 ER PT J AU Jellison, GE Modine, FA AF Jellison, GE Modine, FA TI Two-modulator generalized ellipsometry: theory SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE ellipsometry; polarimetry; photoelastic modulator; Mueller matrix; anisotropic materials; depolarization ID MUELLER MATRIX; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; FOURIER-ANALYSIS; POLARIMETER AB A new ellipsometer is described that uses two photoelastic modulator-polarizer pairs, where the photoelastic modulators are operating at differing resonant frequencies. The time-dependent intensity of the Light beam is extremely complicated but can be analyzed so that all elements of the sample-Mueller matrix are obtained. For a given configuration, nine of the Mueller matrix elements can be measured at ang one time; the other seven elements are accessible when the azimuthal angles of the photoelastic modulators are changed. The single-configuration measurement is often sufficient to characterize a number of real situations completely, such as film growth in a vacuum environment, anisotropic samples, and simple depolarization. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. RP Jellison, GE (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV SOLID STATE, POB 2008, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 38 TC 139 Z9 141 U1 2 U2 17 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 31 BP 8190 EP 8198 DI 10.1364/AO.36.008190 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA YD659 UT WOS:A1997YD65900018 PM 18264356 ER PT J AU Kao, HP Schoeniger, JS AF Kao, HP Schoeniger, JS TI Hollow cylindrical waveguides for use as evanescent fluorescence-based sensors: Effect of numerical aperture on collected signal SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE fluorescence sensors; hollow cylindrical waveguide; capillary ID EMISSION AB Hollow cylindrical waveguide sensors permit conventional capillary injection techniques for flowing precise volumes of a liquid sample through the sensor while exciting and collecting fluorescence by use of evanescent fields. Both a ray-optics model and experimental data show that fluorescence collected from bulk or thin-layer fluorescent samples increases strongly as the numerical aperture (N.A.) increases and is maximized when the N.A. of the excitation-collection optic matches the waveguide N.A. The dependence of fluorescence on N.A. closely resembled that reported previously for solid cylindrical waveguides. Mode mixing reduced the strength of this dependence and should be minimized to increase collected fluorescence. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. RP Kao, HP (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,CHEM & RADIAT DETECT LAB,MAIL STOP 9671,POB 969,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 31 BP 8199 EP 8205 DI 10.1364/AO.36.008199 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA YD659 UT WOS:A1997YD65900019 PM 18264357 ER PT J AU Hale, TC Telschow, KL Deason, VA AF Hale, TC Telschow, KL Deason, VA TI Photorefractive optical lock-in vibration spectral measurement SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article DE photorefractive; optical; lock-in; wave mixing; vibration and modal analysis ID INTERFEROMETRY; BI12SIO20; CRYSTALS AB An optical photorefractive frequency-domain method is described for measuring displacement amplitude and phase of vibrating surfaces. The method is applicable to diffusely scattering surfaces and usable in either a point-detection or imaging configuration. The method utilizes an optical lock-in approach to measure phase modulation of light scattered from continuously vibrating surfaces. Picometer displacement sensitivities have been demonstrated over a frequency range of 100 Hz to greater than 100 Hz. The response of the spectral method is independent of the vibration frequency above the photorefractive cutoff frequency, Two methods are described that produce a readout beam intensity that is a direct function of the vibration amplitude suitable for imaging. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 LOCKHEED MARTIN IDAHO TECHNOL CO,IDAHO NATL ENGN & ENVIRONM LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. NR 14 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0003-6935 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 31 BP 8248 EP 8258 DI 10.1364/AO.36.008248 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA YD659 UT WOS:A1997YD65900026 PM 18264364 ER PT J AU Majidi, V Holcombe, JA Vandervoort, KG Butcher, DJ Robertson, JD AF Majidi, V Holcombe, JA Vandervoort, KG Butcher, DJ Robertson, JD TI Electrothermal vaporization and characterization of the graphite surface at elevated temperatures SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Review ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; ORIENTED PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE; RUTHERFORD BACKSCATTERING SPECTROMETRY; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METAL NITRATES; COATED GRAPHITE; ATOMIZATION; FURNACE C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci & Technol CST9, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Western Carolina Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Cullowhee, NC 28723 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RP Majidi, V (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci & Technol CST9, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 51 IS 11 BP 408A EP 423A PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA YP332 UT WOS:000071266300002 ER PT J AU Somorjai, GA AF Somorjai, GA TI New model catalysts (platinum nanoparticles) and new techniques (SFG and STM) for studies of reaction intermediates and surface restructuring at high pressures during catalytic reactions SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Iketani Conference on Surface Nano-Control of Environmental Catalysts and Related Materials CY NOV 25-27, 1996 CL WASEDA UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Surface Sci Soc Japan HO WASEDA UNIV DE platinum nanoparticles; sum frequency generation; scanning tunneling microscopy; catalytic reactions on platinum; platinum single crystal catalysts; ethylene hydrogenation; CO oxidation ID ENERGY-ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; ETHYLENE HYDROGENATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SUPPORTED PLATINUM; CO2 HYDROGENATION; PT(111); ADSORPTION; OXIDATION; SPILLOVER AB Single-crystal surfaces have long served us well as model catalysts; however, a new type of model catalyst has been prepared using electron beam lithography. Ordered arrays of platinum nano-particles in the 2.5-50 nm size range an deposited on oxide substrates (silica, alumina, and titania) of 1 cm(2) surface area, and are used in catalyzed surface reactions at high pressures (atmospheres). Their preparation, cleaning, and reactivity is discussed. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and vibrational spectroscopy by sum frequency generation (SFG) can be utilized to monitor the substrate and adsorbate structure, respectively, over a fourteen order of magnitude pressure range (10(-10)-10(4) Torr). As a consequence, we can monitor the surface structure and reaction intermediates during high pressure catalytic reactions. An STM that operates at both high pressure (atmosphere) and high temperature has been constructed and utilized to monitor platinum (111) and (110) surface structure during chemisorption of H-2, O-2 and CO, and during catalytic reactions of olefin hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis. Changes of surface structure upon chemisorption and during reactions have been monitored. Catalysis by the platinum tip was also detected in the presence of H-2 or O-2 at high pressures and 300 K, leading to hydrogenation or oxidation of carbonaceous deposits with nanometer spatial resolution. Vibrational spectroscopy using SFG has been used to monitor pressure dependent changes in the chemisorption of CO and NO over Pt(lll). Bonding which is similar to that in Pt-m(CO)(n) (where n/m > 1) clusters and for an incommensurate CO overlayer - is observed above 100 Torr. Reaction intermediates that form during ethylene, propylene, and isobutene hydrogenation, as well as CO oxidation, at atmospheric pressures and 300 K were monitored by SFG. The dominant reacting species that hydrogenate are the weakly pi-bonded olefins, while the strongly chemisorbed alkylidyne and di-cr bonded species are spectators during the reaction. From quantitative measurement of coverages, the absolute turnover rates can be determined. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV SCI MAT,BERKELEY,CA. RP Somorjai, GA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 41 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 4 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 121 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(97)00255-9 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA YG448 UT WOS:A1997YG44800002 ER PT J AU Ozawa, M Suzuki, S Loong, CK Nipko, JC AF Ozawa, M Suzuki, S Loong, CK Nipko, JC TI Neutron and Raman scattering studies of surface adsorbed molecular vibrations and bulk phonons in ZrO2 nanoparticles SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Iketani Conference on Surface Nano-Control of Environmental Catalysts and Related Materials CY NOV 25-27, 1996 CL WASEDA UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Surface Sci Soc Japan HO WASEDA UNIV DE zirconia; lanthanide; neutron scattering; Raman scattering; phonon density of state; hydroxy group ID MODIFIED ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE; ISOSYNTHESIS; OXIDE AB Inelastic neutron-scattering method (neutron spectroscopy) was applied to the study of the phonon densities of states of zirconia nanoparticles, the O-H stretch vibrations of physisorbed water molecules and chemisorbed hydroxyl groups on the surface. Raman scattering was also used to measure the zone-center phonon modes. The observed distinct phonon frequencies and band widths at 10-120 meV reflect the different crystalline symmetries and compositional fluctuations in the small grain and interfacial regions of monoclinic ZrO2, tetragonal or mixed cubic and tetragonal rare-earth-modified zirconia. The observed neutron spectra for pure ZrO2, Ce0.1Zr0.9O2 and Nd0.1Zr0.9O1.95 display a band consisting of peaks at 26, 30, and 40 meV and a broad band extending from 50 to 100 meV, The O-H bonds in surface hydroxyl groups and water on these zirconias result in the different frequencies of the O-H stretch vibrations at 400-600 meV. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,IPNS,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Ozawa, M (reprint author), NAGOYA INST TECHNOL,CRL,GIFU 507,JAPAN. NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 121 BP 133 EP 137 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(97)00272-9 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA YG448 UT WOS:A1997YG44800019 ER PT J AU Ozawa, M Suzuki, S Loong, CK Richardson, JW Thomas, RR AF Ozawa, M Suzuki, S Loong, CK Richardson, JW Thomas, RR TI Structural phase transitions and lean NO removal activity of copper-modified alumina SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th Iketani Conference on Surface Nano-Control of Environmental Catalysts and Related Materials CY NOV 25-27, 1996 CL WASEDA UNIV, TOKYO, JAPAN SP Surface Sci Soc Japan HO WASEDA UNIV DE alumina; catalyst; neutron diffraction; copper; nitrogen oxides; automotive exhaust ID SELECTIVE REDUCTION; NITROGEN MONOXIDE; CATALYSTS; PROPANE AB Copper-modified alumina catalysts, designed for NO removal under lean-burn engine conditions, have been investigated from the viewpoint of the structural phase transition and thermal stability. The structural changes of crystalline components heat-treated at temperatures from 500 to 1100 degrees C were characterized by the neutron diffraction (ND) method. In the as-prepared materials, powder-diffraction patterns revealed a mixture of crystalline gamma-Al2O3 and CuO and electron spin resonance (ESR) data showed well-dispersed Cu2+ cations coordinated by O atoms in an open-octahedron geometry. ND measurements confirmed the elimination of the CuO phase above 800 degrees C and suggested the stabilization of a gamma'-phase of alumina by 10 mol% CuO-doping at 900-1000 degrees C. This CuO-alumina catalyst which was subjected to heat treatment at 900 degrees C in air showed a 20% lean de-NOx removal efficiency in a test using a model exhaust gas mixture of space velocity = 100,000 h(-1). (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,IPNS,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Ozawa, M (reprint author), NAGOYA INST TECHNOL,CRL,TAJIMI,GIFU 507,JAPAN. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 121 BP 441 EP 444 DI 10.1016/S0169-4332(97)00321-8 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA YG448 UT WOS:A1997YG44800088 ER PT J AU Garman, GD Anderson, SL Cherr, GN AF Garman, GD Anderson, SL Cherr, GN TI Developmental abnormalities and DNA-protein crosslinks in sea urchin embryos exposed to three metals SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arsenate; chromate; DNA-protein crosslinking; nickel; sea urchin embryo ID HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; INTACT-CELLS; LINKS; TOXICITY; NICKEL; EXPRESSION; SEDIMENTS; CHROMATE; LARVAE AB Two sublethal responses were used to investigate the effects of genotoxic metals on embryos of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. In addition to the standard measurement of developmental success, we used a novel genotoxic response, DNA-protein crosslink (DPC) induction, to assess the effects of embryo exposure to pentavalent arsenate (As!, nickel (Ni) and hexavalent chromate (Cr). The procedure for sea urchin embryo DPC measurement was adapted from a mammalian cell assay using potassium-SDS precipitation and a DNA fluorochrome to quantify relative amounts of free and protein-bound DNA. Developmental abnormality and DPCs increased after a 48-h exposure to each of the three metals. Lowest observable effect concentrations (LOECs) for development were 0.011 mg l(-1) As, 0.40 mg l(-1) Ni, and 2.5 mg l(-1) Cr. LOECs calculated for the DPC response to these same three metals were 0.023, 8.01 and 10.0 mg l(-1), respectively. DPCs were transiently high in control embryos through the blastula stage, which is prior to the dramatic increase in transcription of the embryonic genome. By the gastrula and prism stages (subsequent to embryo gene transcription), there was a significant decrease in DPCs. Ni-exposed embryos exhibited the greatest magnitude of adverse effect in embryos exposed through the blastula stage, as compared to those exposed from blastula through late gastrula stage. We hypothesize that stage-sensitivity to Ni in sea urchin embryos may be related to the induction of persistent DPCs, and the prevention of normal transcription of the embryonic genome. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, BODEGA MARINE LAB, BODEGA BAY, CA 94923 USA. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT ENVIRONM TOXICOL, DAVIS, CA 95616 USA. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 247 EP 265 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(97)00033-7 PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA YH580 UT WOS:A1997YH58000005 ER PT J AU Tatara, CP Newman, MC McCloskey, JT Williams, PL AF Tatara, CP Newman, MC McCloskey, JT Williams, PL TI Predicting relative metal toxicity with ion characteristics: Caenorhabditis elegans LC50 SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caenorhabditis elegans; metal; prediction; toxicity; nematode ID MICROTOX(R) BIOLUMINESCENCE ASSAY; MERCURY; MEMBRANES; NEMATODE; COMPONENTS; TRANSPORT; CHLORIDE; WATER AB Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSAR) predict relative toxicity of a family of chemicals from fundamental and surrogate molecular qualities. Most QSARs are developed for organic toxicants, with inorganic toxicants (metals) being under-represented. Successful predictive models for relative toxicity of divalent metal ions using ion characteristics have been produced using Microtox(R), a 15 min microbial bioassay. The present study extends this approach to longer exposure durations (24 h), and a more complex organism (metazoan). Twenty-four hour LC50s (expressed as total metal concentration) for the free-living soil nematode, C. elegans were determined for Ca, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in an aqueous medium. Relative metal toxicity was predicted with least squares linear regression and several ion characteristics. Toxicity was most effectively predicted (r(2) = 0.89) with \ log k(OH) \ (where K-OH is the first hydrolysis constant), which reflects a metal ion's tendency to bind to intermediate ligands such as biochemical functional groups with O donor atoms. The best fitting model was obtained using LC50 metameters based on total metal concentration, indicating that the identification of the bioactive species of metals can be ambiguous, and does not necessarily aid in the prediction of relative metal toxicity with ion characteristics. The modelling of relative metal toxicity using ion characteristics was successful for 24 h exposure durations using this more complex organism. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV GEORGIA,SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. UNIV GEORGIA,ENVIRONM HLTH SCI PROGRAM,ATHENS,GA 30602. RP Tatara, CP (reprint author), UNIV GEORGIA,INST ECOL,ATHENS,GA 30602, USA. NR 28 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 279 EP 290 DI 10.1016/S0166-445X(97)00030-1 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA YH580 UT WOS:A1997YH58000007 ER PT J AU Gray, RS Robbins, DC Wang, WY Yeh, JLL Fabsitz, RR Cowan, LD Welty, TK Lee, ET Krauss, RM Howard, BV AF Gray, RS Robbins, DC Wang, WY Yeh, JLL Fabsitz, RR Cowan, LD Welty, TK Lee, ET Krauss, RM Howard, BV TI Relation of LDL size to the insulin resistance syndrome and coronary heart disease in American Indians - The Strong Heart Study SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE American Indians; LDL size; coronary heart disease; diabetes mellitus; Strong Heart Study ID LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; ARTERY DISEASE; PLASMA TRIGLYCERIDE; RISK-FACTORS; HETEROGENEITY; PHENOTYPES; POPULATION; WOMEN; MEN AB Small, dense LDL has been shown to be associated with the insulin resistance syndrome and coronary heart disease (CHD). We examined the distribution of LDL size and phenotype within a population-based sample of American Indians to determine the relationships with prevalent CHD and to examine associations with hyperinsulinemia and other components of the insulin resistance syndrome. Data were available for 4505 men and women between 45 and 74 years of age who are members of 13 American Indian communities in three geographic areas. Diabetes, CHD, and CHD risk factors were assessed by standardized techniques, and LDL size was measured by gradient gel electrophoresis. LDL size was smaller in men than in women and in individuals with diabetes than in those without diabetes. In multivariate analysis, LDL size was significantly related to several components of the insulin resistance syndrome, including triglycerides (inversely) and HDL cholesterol (positively). Although univariate relations were positive, LDL size was not significantly related to fasting insulin concentrations or body mass index in the multivariate model. LDL size also showed no relationship to apolipoprotein E phenotype. When LDL size was compared in individuals with and without CHD, no significant differences were observed, either in nondiabetic or diabetic individuals. We conclude that LDL size is most strongly related to lipoprotein components of the insulin resistance syndrome, especially plasma triglycerides. However, in this population with low LDL, it is not related to cardiovascular disease. C1 MEDLANT RES INST,WASHINGTON,DC 20010. UNIV OKLAHOMA,DEPT BIOSTAT & EPIDEMIOL,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. CTR EPIDEMIOL RES,OKLAHOMA CITY,OK. NHLBI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01-HL41642, U01HL41652, UL01HL41654] NR 24 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2713 EP 2720 PG 8 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YL008 UT WOS:A1997YL00800052 PM 9409247 ER PT J AU Tribble, DL AF Tribble, DL TI Fatty streak formation in fat-fed mice expressing human copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (vol 17, pg 1734, 1997) SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Correction, Addition RP Tribble, DL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DONNER LAB,DEPT MOL & NUCL MED,LIFE SCI DIV,ROOM 465,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER HEART ASSOC PI DALLAS PA 7272 GREENVILLE AVENUE, DALLAS, TX 75231-4596 SN 1079-5642 J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 17 IS 11 BP 3363 EP 3363 PG 1 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA YL008 UT WOS:A1997YL00800140 ER PT J AU Savin, DW Bartsch, T Chen, MH Kahn, SM Liedahl, DA Linkemann, J Muller, A Schippers, S Schmitt, M Schwalm, D Wolf, A AF Savin, DW Bartsch, T Chen, MH Kahn, SM Liedahl, DA Linkemann, J Muller, A Schippers, S Schmitt, M Schwalm, D Wolf, A TI Dielectronic recombination in photoionized gas: The importance of fine-structure core excitations SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes; line, formation; X-rays, general ID HIGH-RESOLUTION MEASUREMENT; LINE EMISSION; IONIZATION EQUILIBRIUM; FLUORINELIKE IONS; LOW-TEMPERATURES; COEFFICIENTS; IRON; NEON AB At the low electron temperatures existing in photoionized gases with cosmic abundances, dielectronic recombination (DR) proceeds primarily via nl(j) --> nl(j)' excitations of core electrons (Delta n = 0 DR). At these temperatures, the dominant DR channel often involves 2p(1/2) --> 2p(3/2) fine-structure core excitations, which are not included in LS-coupling calculations or the Burgess formula. Using the heavy-ion storage ring at the Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik in Heidelberg, Germany, we have verified experimentally for Fe XVIII that DR proceeding via this channel can be significant in relation to other recombination rates, especially at the low temperatures characteristic of photoionized gases. At temperatures in photoionized gases near where Fe XVIII peaks in fractional abundance, our measured Fe XVIII to Fe XVII Delta n = 0 DR rate coefficient is a factor of similar to 2 larger than predicted by existing theoretical calculations. We provide a fit to our measured rate coefficient for ionization equilibrium models. We have carried out new fully relativistic calculations using intermediate coupling, which include the 2p(1/2) --> 2p(3/2) channel and agree to within similar to 30% with our measurements. DR via the 2p(1/2) --> 2p(1/2) channel may also have spectroscopic implications, providing unique spectral signatures at soft X-ray wavelengths that could provide good electron temperature diagnostics. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, SPACE SCI LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV GIESSEN, STRAHLENZENTRUM, INST KERNPHYS, D-35392 GIESSEN, GERMANY. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. MAX PLANCK INST KERNPHYS, D-69117 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY. UNIV HEIDELBERG, INST PHYS, D-69117 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY. RI Schippers, Stefan/A-7786-2008; Muller, Alfred/A-3548-2009; Savin, Daniel/B-9576-2012 OI Schippers, Stefan/0000-0002-6166-7138; Muller, Alfred/0000-0002-0030-6929; Savin, Daniel/0000-0002-1111-6610 NR 43 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 489 IS 1 BP L115 EP L118 DI 10.1086/310966 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YE140 UT WOS:A1997YE14000028 ER PT J AU Newberg, HJ Yanny, B AF Newberg, HJ Yanny, B TI Three-dimensional parameterization of the stellar locus with application to QSO color selection SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE galaxies, photometry; quasars, general; stars, statistics ID FIELD MULTICOLOR SURVEY; HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS; CATALOG; OBJECTS; Z-GREATER-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-2-2; VARIABILITY; PHOTOMETRY; COUNTS AB A straightforward method for parameterizing and visualizing a locus of points in n-space is presented. The algorithm applies directly to the problem of distinguishing QSOs from Galactic stars in multicolor space. When applied to an existing four-filter data set (photometric errors of sigma similar to 0.1 mag and B-J less than or similar to 21.5), it recovers 95% of the known QSOs, with 76% of the candidate sources yielding QSOs. If only the non-ultraviolet excess candidates are considered, it recovers 69% of the 13 known QSOs, with 47% of the candidate sources yielding QSOs. The completeness and efficiency will differ depending on the depth and accuracy of the photometric data. The algorithm scales well to large data sets and allows astrophysical information about the location of QSOs in color space to be easily added to improve efficiency. Three-dimensional visualization of the high-accuracy photometry (sigma < 0.01 mag) of the Catalogue of WBVR Magnitudes of Northern Sky Bright Stars (V < 7.2) yields the first look at the intrinsic width in the Galactic star color distribution. The stellar locus is found to populate a ribbon-like subset of color-color-color space. In the G to early-K star region, the cross section of the stellar locus has a FWHM of 0.07 mag in the wide direction. We attribute the majority of the width to metallicity differences between the stars, although there may be some contribution from other sources such as differential reddening. The FWHM in the thin direction is 0.03 mag or less. The locus is parameterized from late-B stars through M stars. We reproduce the metallicities of 64 F and G dwarfs with an rms error of 0.13. The distribution of bright stars along the locus is also presented. The algorithm can be applied to parameterize any one-dimensional set of data that is distributed in n-dimensional space. RP Newberg, HJ (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BOX 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 5720 S WOODLAWN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 113 IS 1 BP 89 EP & DI 10.1086/313051 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YD367 UT WOS:A1997YD36700004 ER PT J AU Shannon, JD Trexler, EC Sonnenblick, R AF Shannon, JD Trexler, EC Sonnenblick, R TI Modeling visibility for assessment SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE haze; regional; sulfate; particles; Monte Carlo ID UNITED-STATES; DEPOSITION AB The visibility assessment scoping model (VASM), a Monte Carlo technique for simulating and assessing regional-scale impairment of visibility, is described. The input requirements of the method for each receptor are modest: geometric means and standard deviations describing the within-season distributions of daily concentration of each of the six principal particle species; matrices of interspecies partial correlations of daily concentrations; relative humidity (RH) climatology; and seasonal mean concentrations for each particle species. The lognormal distribution parameters and the correlation matrices are abstracted from past observations. For those particle species with emission precursors that are varied in the policy scenarios, the concentration means are obtained from a regional atmospheric transport model, the means of the other particle species are assumed to be statistically similar to previous observations. Seasonal distributions of haze intensity are produced from sets of short-term Monte Carlo realizations of concentrations and RH and appropriate formulae for light extinction. VASM simulations for rural sites in both the relatively hazy eastern United States and the more pristine western United States compare favorably with transmissometer observations. Application of VASM, in concert with utility SO, emission projections and atmospheric transport modeling, indicates that the median seasonal reduction of haziness expected at Shenandoah by the year 2010, relative to 1990 conditions, will range from 1.3 deciviews in winter to 2.2 deciviews (dv) in summer. If calculated as visual range, the corresponding improvements are 14 and 24%, respectively. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 LUMINA DECIS SYST,LOS ALTOS,CA 94022. RP Shannon, JD (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM RES,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 31 IS 22 BP 3719 EP 3727 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00226-4 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA XX495 UT WOS:A1997XX49500004 ER PT J AU Kato, T Safronova, UI Shlyaptseva, AS Cornille, M Dubau, J Nilsen, J AF Kato, T Safronova, UI Shlyaptseva, AS Cornille, M Dubau, J Nilsen, J TI Comparison of satellite spectra for H-like Fe and He-like Fe, Ca, and S calculated by three different methods SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID HELIUM-LIKE IONS; RECOMBINATION RATE COEFFICIENTS; HYDROGEN-LIKE IONS; IRON SPECTRA; EXCITATION; FLARE AB Theoretical atomic data from the MZ code with the Z expansion method by Safronova, the AUTOLSJ code using a statistical model potential by Cornille, and the YODA code derived from the MCDF approximation by Nilsen for the wavelengths and intensities of the dielectronic and inner shell satellite lines of He- to C-like Fe and Li-like Ca and S ions are compared in the form of synthetic spectra. The agreement is rather good, being within 20% for the main satellite lines. As an example of the application of the data we analyze the spectrum of Fe XXV from a solar flare obtained by the Yohkoh space vehicle. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 50952, Japan. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Spect, Troitsk 142092, Russia. Observ Paris, Meudon, France. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kato, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Fus Sci, Gifu 50952, Japan. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD NOV PY 1997 VL 67 IS 2 BP 225 EP 329 DI 10.1006/adnd.1997.0752 PG 105 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA YR497 UT WOS:000071501200002 ER PT J AU Mews, A Banin, U Kadavanich, AV Alivisatos, AP AF Mews, A Banin, U Kadavanich, AV Alivisatos, AP TI Structure determination and homogeneous optical properties of CdS/HgS quantum dots SO BERICHTE DER BUNSEN-GESELLSCHAFT-PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual Meeting of the Deutsche-Bunsen-Gesellschaft-fur-Physikalische-Chemie on Physico-Chemical Properties of Nano-Structured Systems CY MAY 08-10, 1997 CL DARMSTADT, GERMANY SP Deut Bunsen Gesell Physikal Chem DE complex compounds; electron microscopy; nanocrystal; semiconductors; spectroscopy, visible ID SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS; NANOCRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY; POLYMER; EXCITON; STATE; WELLS; RAMAN AB The structural and optical properties of heterogeneous semiconductor nanoparticles consisting of CdS and HgS are investigated by High Resolution Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and selective spectroscopy like Hole Burning (HE) and Fluorescence Line Narrowing (FLN). The HRTEM study shows that epitaxy is possible in nanocrystals, provided the crystallites have well defined faceted shapes to begin with. From the HE-and FLN experiments homogeneous absorption and fluorescence spectra are calculated. It could be shown that the absorption is coupled to HgS-like phonons (250 cm(-1)) whereas the emission frequency is closer to the LO phonon frequency of CdS. C1 HEBREW UNIV JERUSALEM,DEPT PHYS CHEM,IL-91904 JERUSALEM,ISRAEL. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Mews, A (reprint author), UNIV MAINZ,INST PHYS CHEM,JACOB WELDER WEG 11,D-55099 MAINZ,GERMANY. RI Alivisatos , Paul /N-8863-2015 OI Alivisatos , Paul /0000-0001-6895-9048 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0005-9021 J9 BER BUNSEN PHYS CHEM JI Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 101 IS 11 BP 1621 EP 1625 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YH174 UT WOS:A1997YH17400010 ER PT J AU Goldbach, A Saboungi, ML AF Goldbach, A Saboungi, ML TI Optical spectroscopy on Se-8 clusters and Se chains embedded in zeolite matrices SO BERICHTE DER BUNSEN-GESELLSCHAFT-PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 96th Annual Meeting of the Deutsche-Bunsen-Gesellschaft-fur-Physikalische-Chemie on Physico-Chemical Properties of Nano-Structured Systems CY MAY 08-10, 1997 CL DARMSTADT, GERMANY SP Deut Bunsen Gesell Physikal Chem DE clusters; spectroscopy, Raman; spectroscopy, ultraviolet; zeolites ID PHOTOINDUCED PHENOMENA; SELENIUM; MORDENITE; LANTHANUM AB Incorporation of Se into the supercages of zeolite Y leads to formation of Se-8 rings and distorted Se chains with a ratio which is dictated by the nature of the zeolitic counter cations. Both rings and chains give rise to characteristic Raman and UV/vis absorption bands. In particular low frequency Raman bands are attributed to phonon localization in ordered segments of distorted chains. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Goldbach, A (reprint author), UNIV MARBURG,FACHBEREICH PHYS CHEM,HANS MEERWEIN STR,D-35032 MARBURG,GERMANY. RI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013 OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0005-9021 J9 BER BUNSEN PHYS CHEM JI Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 101 IS 11 BP 1660 EP 1664 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YH174 UT WOS:A1997YH17400020 ER PT J AU Cunningham, MA Bash, PA AF Cunningham, MA Bash, PA TI Computational enzymology SO BIOCHIMIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Recent Developments in the Study of the Dynamics of Proteins CY OCT, 1996 CL SAINTE ADELE, CANADA DE numerical simulation; reaction mechanism; QM/MM method ID QUANTUM; SIMULATIONS; MECHANISMS; PROTEINS AB Numerical simulations of enzyme reaction mechanisms are beginning to provide quantitative as well as qualitative insights. Methods based on a hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical technique permit the natural inclusion of protein solvation effects. Coupled with modern experimental techniques, the numerical simulations are providing details at the atomic level about how enzyme structure influences its function. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Mechanist Biol & Biotechnol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bash, PA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Mechanist Biol & Biotechnol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0300-9084 J9 BIOCHIMIE JI Biochimie PD NOV PY 1997 VL 79 IS 11 BP 687 EP 689 DI 10.1016/S0300-9084(97)83525-0 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YV776 UT WOS:000071862200010 PM 9479452 ER PT J AU Rykiel, E AF Rykiel, E TI Ecosystem science for the twenty-first century SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, ECOL GRP, RICHLAND, WA USA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 1997 VL 47 IS 10 BP 705 EP 707 PG 3 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA YC164 UT WOS:A1997YC16400019 ER PT J AU Ranatunga, TD Jervis, J Helm, RF McMillan, JD Hatzis, C AF Ranatunga, TD Jervis, J Helm, RF McMillan, JD Hatzis, C TI Toxicity of hardwood extractives toward Saccharomyces cerevisiae glucose fermentation SO BIOTECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PICHIA-STIPITIS; ETHANOL; XYLOSE AB The toxicity of oak and yellow-poplar wood extracts, as well as a first-stage hardwood hydrolyzate liquor prepared from a red oak:white oak:yellow-poplar (1:1:1) sawdust, on Saccharomyces cerevisiae D5A was examined. Acetone/water and hot methanol extracts of solid biomass samples from white oak, red oak, and yellow-poplar gave 88-94% of the ethanol produced with controls. The organism was tolerant to the compounds present in the xylose-rich hydrolyzate, with fermentation efficiency being improved to 97% of that obtained with controls by using an overliming/thermal conditioning protocol. C1 VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,DEPT WOOD SCI & FOREST PROD,FRALIN BIOTECHNOL CTR,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,BIOTECHNOL CTR FUELS & CHEM,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RI Hatzis, Christos/M-3867-2015; OI Hatzis, Christos/0000-0002-8120-2290; Helm, Richard/0000-0001-5317-0925 NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU CHAPMAN HALL LTD PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN SN 0141-5492 J9 BIOTECHNOL LETT JI Biotechnol. Lett. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1125 EP 1127 DI 10.1023/A:1018400912828 PG 3 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA YE166 UT WOS:A1997YE16600016 ER PT J AU Barton, JW Klasson, KT Koran, LJ Davison, BH AF Barton, JW Klasson, KT Koran, LJ Davison, BH TI Microbial removal of alkanes from dilute gaseous waste streams: Kinetics and mass transfer considerations SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID BIOREACTOR AB Treatment of dilute gaseous hydrocarbon waste streams remains a current need for many industries, particularly as increasingly stringent environmental regulations and oversight force emission reduction. Biofiltration systems hold promise for providing low-cost alternatives to more traditional, energy-intensive treatment methods such as incineration and adsorption. Elucidation of engineering principles governing the behavior of such systems, including mass transfer limitations, will broaden their applicability. Our processes exploit a microbial consortium to treat a mixture of 0.5% n-pentane and 0.5% isobutane in air. Since hydrocarbon gases are sparingly soluble in water, good mixing and high surface area between the gas and liquid phases are essential for biodegradation to be effective. One liquid-continuous columnar bioreactor was operated for more than 30 months with continued degradation of n-pentane and isobutane as sole carbon and energy sources. The maximum degradation rate observed in this gas-recycle system was 2 g of volatile organic compounds (VOC)/m(3).h). A trickle-bed bioreactor was operated continuously for over 24 months to provide a higher surface area (using a structured packing) with increased rates. Degradation rates consistently achieved were approximately 50 g of VOC/(m(3).h) via single pass in this gas-continuous columnar system. Effective mass transfer coefficients comparable to Literature values were also measured for this reactor; these values were substantially higher than those found in the gas-recycle reactor. Control of biomass levels was implemented by limiting the level of available nitrogen in the recirculating aqueous media, enabling long-term stability of reactor performance. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RI Davison, Brian/D-7617-2013; OI Davison, Brian/0000-0002-7408-3609; Klasson, K. Thomas/0000-0003-3358-3081 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 13 IS 6 BP 814 EP 821 DI 10.1021/bp970091c PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA YK697 UT WOS:A1997YK69700019 PM 9413140 ER PT J AU Stanford, GS AF Stanford, GS TI Chernobyl and the law of the conservation of energy - Reply SO BULLETIN OF THE ATOMIC SCIENTISTS LA English DT Letter C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EDUC FOUNDATION NUCLEAR SCI PI CHICAGO PA 6042 SOUTH KIMBARK, CHICAGO, IL 60637 SN 0096-3402 J9 B ATOM SCI JI Bull. Atom. Scient. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 53 IS 6 BP 66 EP 66 PG 1 WC International Relations; Social Issues SC International Relations; Social Issues GA YE483 UT WOS:A1997YE48300027 ER PT J AU Grgur, BN Markovic, NM Ross, PN AF Grgur, BN Markovic, NM Ross, PN TI Temperature dependent oxygen electrochemistry on platinum low index single crystal surfaces in acid solutions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE CHIMIE LA English DT Article DE platinum single crystals; oxygen reduction; peroxide reduction; temperature effects; activation energy ID PHOSPHORIC-ACID; REDUCTION; KINETICS; ELECTRODES; INTERFACE; VOLTAMMETRY; RELAXATION; ACTIVATION; HYDROGEN; PT(111) AB Using the rotating ring-disk technique (RRDPt(hkl)E), the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) was studied in sulfuric acid solution over the temperature range 298-333 K. At the same temperature, the exchange current density increased in the order, i(111)(0)48 % of recipient cells had acquired calcein label during a 5-h interval of co-culture of donor and recipient cells at confluent densities, Cells harvested directly from squamous cell carcinoma tumors exhibited similar levels of cell-tell communication. In contrast, cells giving rise to undifferentiated carcinomas, as well as cells harvested from undifferentiated carcinomas, exhibited very low levels or no homologous or heterologous cell-cell communication, Cell populations exhibiting distinctly different communication phenotypes were evaluated by Northern blot analysis for expression of connexins (Cx 26, 32 and 43) and E-cadherin, Neither communicating nor non-communicating cells expressed connexin 32, Those cell populations, which established functional gap junctions, expressed E-cadherin as well as connexin 26 and/or 43. In contrast, those cell populations that lacked the ability to communicate universally lacked expression of E-cadherin, and a quarter also lacked expression of detectable levels of connexin. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,GRAD SCH BIOMED SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP TerzaghiHowe, M (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA34695] NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD NOV PY 1997 VL 18 IS 11 BP 2043 EP 2050 DI 10.1093/carcin/18.11.2043 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YG756 UT WOS:A1997YG75600003 PM 9395200 ER PT J AU Martin, EA Carthew, P White, INH Heydon, RT Gaskell, M Mauthe, RJ Turteltaub, KW Smith, LL AF Martin, EA Carthew, P White, INH Heydon, RT Gaskell, M Mauthe, RJ Turteltaub, KW Smith, LL TI Investigation of the formation and accumulation of liver DNA adducts in mice chronically exposed to tamoxifen SO CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER; RAT-LIVER; CELL-PROLIFERATION; METABOLISM; MOUSE; 4-HYDROXYTAMOXIFEN; HEPATOCYTES; CARCINOGEN; ACTIVATION; PROMOTION AB Tamoxifen was administered to three strains of female mice (B6C3F1, C57BL/6 and DBA/2) in short-and long-term studies to determine their ability to activate tamoxifen and cause hepatic DNA damage, P-32-Postlabelling of liver DNA from mice treated for 4 days showed a group of major adducts that increased in a dose-dependent manner and co-chromatographed with the major adducts detected in rat liver. On cessation of dosing, the majority of adducts were cleared within 3 days, Binding of [C-14]tamoxifen to DNA nucleotides was demonstrated by the use of accelerator mass spectrometry, In long-term studies of 12 months to 2 years duration, dependent on strain, tamoxifen was administered continuously in the diet to give a daily dose of similar to 40 mg/kg, DNA adducts were detected after 3 months, although the number of adducts decreased with time and by 2 years were not detectable in the tamoxifen treated mice, None of the treated groups showed a significantly increased incidence of liver tumours, with or without phenobarbital promotion and there was no sustained liver cell proliferation, Tamoxifen was detected in the mouse livers, but at levels 50 times lower than those reported in a comparable rat study, These results suggest that, in contrast to the rat, tamoxifen is non-carcinogenic in mice because it does not cause sufficient cumulative DNA damage, or act as a promoter by causing cell proliferation. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,MOL TOXICOL GRP,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CTR AMS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Martin, EA (reprint author), UNIV LEICESTER,MRC,TOXICOL UNIT,HODGKIN BLDG,LEICESTER LE1 9HN,LEICS,ENGLAND. NR 30 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0143-3334 J9 CARCINOGENESIS JI Carcinogenesis PD NOV PY 1997 VL 18 IS 11 BP 2209 EP 2215 DI 10.1093/carcin/18.11.2209 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA YG756 UT WOS:A1997YG75600026 PM 9395223 ER PT J AU Savikhin, S Buck, DR Struve, WS AF Savikhin, S Buck, DR Struve, WS TI Oscillating anisotropies in a bacteriochlorophyll protein: Evidence for quantum beating between exciton levels SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BACTERIUM CHLOROBIUM-TEPIDUM; GREEN PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA; ULTRAFAST ENERGY-TRANSFER; AMINO-ACID SEQUENCE; PROSTHECOCHLORIS-AESTUARII; ANTENNA COMPLEX; A-PROTEIN; FEMTOSECOND SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL-SPECTRA; STATE STRUCTURE AB Optical anisotropies of bacteriochlorophyll a Q(y) electronic transitions in Fenna-Mabhews-Olson trimers from the green photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobium tepidum exhibit strong oscillations with similar to 220 fs period for certain wavelengths in one-color absorption difference experiments. The oscillations in the polarized pump-probe signals Delta A(parallel to)(t), Delta A(perpendicular to)(t) have opposite phase, and they nearly cancel in the isotropic signals. This, combined with the fact that they only appear when the laser pulse spectrum overlaps both of the lowest-energy groups of exciton levels clustered near 815 and 825 nm, suggests that the oscillations stem from quantum beating between exciton levels, rather than from coherent nuclear motion. In some cases, the anisotropy r(t) exhibits values > 0.4 at times well beyond the laser autocorrelation function. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Struve, WS (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 37 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 223 IS 2-3 BP 303 EP 312 DI 10.1016/S0301-0104(97)00223-1 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA YM199 UT WOS:000071039700015 ER PT J AU Siadati, MH Ward, TL Martus, J Atanasova, P Xia, CF Schwartz, RW AF Siadati, MH Ward, TL Martus, J Atanasova, P Xia, CF Schwartz, RW TI CVD of CeO2-doped Y2O3-stabilized zirconia onto dense and porous substrates SO CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION LA English DT Article DE MOCVD; zirconia; beta-diketonate; film; porous substrates ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; BETA-DIKETONATE COMPLEXES; ZRO2 THIN-FILMS; STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; OXIDE-FILMS; GROWTH; OXYGEN; MOCVD; CONDUCTIVITY AB Fabrication of dense films of mixed-conducting oxides on porous surfaces is of interest for membrane, sensor, fuel cell, and battery applications. In this work, atmospheric-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition was used to fabricate CeO2-doped Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 films on dense silicon and porous alumina substrates. Aerosol-assisted delivery of a toluene solution of the precursors Zr(tfac)(4), Y(hfac)(3), and Ce(tmhd)(4) was used to deposit films with thicknesses around 1 mu m. The effects of carrier gas O-2 content (0-5 mol-%), H2O vapor (0-3.4 mol-%), deposition temperature (300-600 degrees C), and the type of substrate on film morphology, composition, and purity mere investigated. The porous substrate had a marked effect on the film morphology: producing a columnar film structure with column diameters that roughly approximated the particle diameter of the substrate (similar to 0.5 mu m). Lower temperatures (300 degrees C) provided a more uniform film with better connectivity between columnar structures than deposition at 400 and 600 degrees C, and higher precursor concentrations produced very non-uniform films with exaggerated growth features. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ADV MAT LAB,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106. RP Siadati, MH (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT CHEM & NUCL ENGN,CTR MICROENGN MAT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. RI Martus, Jeffrey/L-7555-2015 OI Martus, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5768-6715 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU VCH PUBLISHERS INC PI DEERFIELD BEACH PA 303 NW 12TH AVE, DEERFIELD BEACH, FL 33442-1788 SN 0948-1907 J9 CHEM VAPOR DEPOS JI Chem. Vapor Depos. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 3 IS 6 BP 311 EP 317 DI 10.1002/cvde.19970030605 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA YK203 UT WOS:A1997YK20300004 ER PT J AU Loy, DA Russick, EM Yamanaka, SA Baugher, BM Shea, KJ AF Loy, DA Russick, EM Yamanaka, SA Baugher, BM Shea, KJ TI Direct formation of aerogels by sol-gel polymerizations of alkoxysilanes in supercritical carbon dioxide SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT CHEM,IRVINE,CA 92717. RP Loy, DA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. RI Loy, Douglas/D-4847-2009 OI Loy, Douglas/0000-0001-7635-9958 NR 25 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 9 IS 11 BP 2264 EP 2268 DI 10.1021/cm970326f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YH445 UT WOS:A1997YH44500007 ER PT J AU Boukari, H Lin, JS Harris, MT AF Boukari, H Lin, JS Harris, MT TI Probing the dynamics of the silica nanostructure formation and growth by SAXS SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; ALKOXIDES; PRECIPITATION; CONDENSATION; HYDROLYSIS; SCATTERING; SPHERES; MODEL AB The formation of colloidal silica particles from tetraethyl orthosilicate in several low molecular weight alcohols under base-catalyzed conditions is investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering technique. We measured the changes of the radius of gyration and the fractal dimension as a function of time during growth. We find that, after an induction period, the first particles to form in the solution are mass fractals characterized by their polymeric, open structure. Interestingly, these mass fractals are sizable and could be considered the primary particles. Indeed by undergoing continuous intraparticle densification and further smoothing of the interface, they turn later into the usual compact, nonfractal, stable structures. The stages of growth and transformation, though continuous, cannot be accounted for by the growth models proposed so far. C1 UNIV MARYLAND,DEPT CHEM ENGN,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. UNIV MARYLAND,INST PHYS SCI & TECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 31 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 9 IS 11 BP 2376 EP 2384 DI 10.1021/cm9702878 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YH445 UT WOS:A1997YH44500016 ER PT J AU Bruinsma, PJ Kim, AY Liu, J Baskaran, S AF Bruinsma, PJ Kim, AY Liu, J Baskaran, S TI Mesoporous silica synthesized by solvent evaporation: Spun fibers and spray-dried hollow spheres SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-SIEVES; WATER-INTERFACE; FILMS; TEMPLATES; PHASES AB Simple synthesis methods for mesoporous fibers and powders by rapid evaporation of hydrolyzed silicon alkoxide-surfactant solutions are described. Mesoporous fibers are prepared by dry spinning, and mesoporous powders by spray drying of alkoxide-surfactant solutions. Precursor solutions, containing fully hydrolyzed tetraethoxysilane, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride surfactant, and, in the case of the fibers, a fiber-forming polymer, in an acidic alcohol/water mixture, are drawn into continuous filaments or atomized into droplets in a heated air stream. During solvent drying, silica and surfactant self-assemble to form the hexagonally ordered mesophase structure, and all of the nonvolatile components (silica, polymer, and surfactant) are incorporated into the mesophase. The pore diameter and surface area of calcined fibers were 20 Angstrom and 1100 m(2)/g, respectively. For the powders, sizes of 25 Angstrom and surface areas as high as 1770 m(2)/g were measured. Spray-dried powders consisting of hollow spherical particles with mesoporous shells were also produced with this approach. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 24 TC 352 Z9 363 U1 9 U2 124 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 9 IS 11 BP 2507 EP 2512 DI 10.1021/cm970282a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YH445 UT WOS:A1997YH44500032 ER PT J AU Liu, P Moudrakovski, IL Liu, J Sayari, A AF Liu, P Moudrakovski, IL Liu, J Sayari, A TI Mesostructured vanadium oxide containing dodecylamine SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MESOPOROUS MOLECULAR-SIEVES; LAMELLAR ALUMINOPHOSPHATES; ZIRCONIUM-OXIDE; SURFACTANT; MECHANISM; MCM-41; TIO2 AB Two lamellar (L1, L2) and one hexagonal (H) vanadium oxide-dodecylamine mesophases have been prepared and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TEM, and NMR spectroscopy. The local environment of vanadium species was found to be controlled mainly by the synthesis temperature regardless of the nature of the mesophase. It was proposed that the structure of the final phase is governed by the acidity of the vanadium centers, and thus by the strength of the interactions between these centers and dodecylamine. C1 UNIV LAVAL, DEPT CHEM ENGN, ST FOY, PQ G1K 7P4, CANADA. UNIV LAVAL, CERPIC, ST FOY, PQ G1K 7P4, CANADA. NATL RES COUNCIL CANADA, STEACIE INST MOL SCI, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RI Liu, Ping/I-5615-2012; OI Moudrakovski, Igor/0000-0002-8919-4766 NR 44 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 9 IS 11 BP 2513 EP 2520 DI 10.1021/cm970067u PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YH445 UT WOS:A1997YH44500033 ER PT J AU Dai, S Shin, YS Barnes, CE Toth, LM AF Dai, S Shin, YS Barnes, CE Toth, LM TI Enhancement of uranyl adsorption capacity and selectivity on silica sol-gel glasses via molecular imprinting SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERS; SORPTION; IONS AB The properties of sol-gel glasses templated with uranyl ions have been investigated. Techniques have been developed to remove the template uranyl ions from silica matrixes to create uranyl-imprinted sol-gel silica glasses. A significant increase in affinity and selectivity of the imprinted sol-gel sorbents over control blanks has been observed while the surface areas of both remain equal. The enhanced capacity and selectivity are tentatively attributed to the change of the binding constant and the modification of the microporous structure of the sol-gel glasses induced by the imprinting technique. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT CHEM,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP Dai, S (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Dai, Sheng/K-8411-2015 OI Dai, Sheng/0000-0002-8046-3931 NR 40 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 9 IS 11 BP 2521 EP 2525 DI 10.1021/cm970209k PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YH445 UT WOS:A1997YH44500034 ER PT J AU Girvin, DC Scott, AJ AF Girvin, DC Scott, AJ TI Polychlorinated biphenyl sorption by soils: Measurement of soil-water partition coefficients at equilibrium SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID POLYNUCLEAR AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NATURAL SEDIMENTS; HYDROPHOBIC POLLUTANTS; PCB; ADSORPTION; DESORPTION; KINETICS; CLAY AB The sorption of PCB congeners 24' (IUPAC number 8), 22'55' (52) and 22'44'55' (153) by eight soils differing in their organic carbon content (2.3 to 0.2% by Wt.) and expandable clay mineral content (17 to 53% by wt.) has been investigated for 0.1 g/L soil-water suspensions. The time to reach sorption equilibrium, i.e. sorption-diffusion equilibrium, for a highly aggregated montmorillonitic soil containing 0.9% organic carbon for congeners 8, 52, 153 was determined to be 3, 5, and 10 months, respectively, using a gas-purge technique. For these sorbate-sorbent contact times soil-water sorption equilibrium partition coefficients on a soil-organic carbon basis (K-oc) were measured and for these congeners ranged varied from 2.4 x 10(4) to 6.8 x 10(6) mL/g. Based on these data a correlation relation was derived, log K-oc = 1.07 log K-ow - 0.98, for estimating K-oc from known values of octanol-water partition coefficient(%,). From literature K-ow values this regression equation was used to estimate K-oc for 46 of the major PCB congeners in Aroclor 1242, 1254 and 1260. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Girvin, DC (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD NOV PY 1997 VL 35 IS 9 BP 2007 EP 2025 DI 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)00225-7 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YJ533 UT WOS:A1997YJ53300012 ER PT J AU Gakh, AA Sachleben, RA Bryan, JC AF Gakh, AA Sachleben, RA Bryan, JC TI Molecular gearing systems SO CHEMTECH LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC GEARING RP Gakh, AA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,RES STAFF,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0009-2703 J9 CHEMTECH JI Chemtech PD NOV PY 1997 VL 27 IS 11 BP 26 EP 33 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied SC Chemistry GA YF054 UT WOS:A1997YF05400011 ER PT J AU Sperber, KR Slingo, JM Inness, PM Lau, WKM AF Sperber, KR Slingo, JM Inness, PM Lau, WKM TI On the maintenance and initiation of the intraseasonal oscillation in the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and in the GLA and UKMO AMIP simulations SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL-EXTRATROPICAL INTERACTION; 30-60 DAY OSCILLATION; 40-50 DAY OSCILLATION; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; NORTHERN WINTER; SCALE CIRCULATION; PHASE PROPAGATION AB In this study, satellite-derived outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and the reanalysis from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research are used as verification data in a study of intraseasonal variability in the Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres (GLA) and the United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO) atmospheric general circulation models. These models simulated the most realistic intraseasonal oscillations (IO) of the 15 Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project models previously analysed. During the active phase of the intraseasonal oscillation, convection is observed to migrate from the Indian Ocean to the western/central Pacific Ocean, and into the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ). The simulated convection, particularly in the GLA model, is most realistic over the western/central Pacific Ocean and the SPCZ. In the reanalysis, the baroclinic structure of the IO is evident in the eddy-stream function, and eastward migration of the anticyclone/cyclone pairs occurs in conjunction with the eastward development of convection. Both the GLA and UKMO models exhibit a baroclinic structure on intraseasonal time scales. The GLA model is more realistic than the UKMO model at simulating the eastward migration of the anticyclone/cyclone pairs when the convection is active over the western/central Pacific. In the UKMO model, the main heating is located off the equator, which contributes to the irregular structures seen in this model on intraseasonal time scales. The maintenance and initiation of the intraseasonal oscillation has also been investigated. Analysis of the latent heat flux indicates that evaporative wind feedback is not the dominant mechanism for promoting the eastward propagation of the intraseasonal oscillation since evaporation to the west of the convection dominants. The data suggest a wave-CISK (conditional instability of the second-kind) type mechanism, although the contribution by frictional convergence is not apparent. In the GLA model, enhanced evaporation tends to develop in-place over the west Pacific warm pool, while in the UKMO simulation westward propagation of enhanced evaporation is evident. It is suggested that lack of an interactive ocean may be associated with the models systematic failure to simulate the eastward transition of convection from the Indian Ocean into the western Pacific Ocean. This hypothesis is based upon the examination of observed sea surface temperature (SST) and its relationship to the active phase of the intraseasonal oscillation, which indicates that the IO may evolve as a coupled ocean-atmosphere mode. The eastward propagation of convection appears to be related to the gradient of SST, with above normal SST to the east of the convection maintaining the eastward evolution, and decreasing SST near the western portion of the convective envelope being associated with the cessation of convection. C1 UNIV READING,DEPT METEOROL,READING RG6 6AU,BERKS,ENGLAND. UNITED KINGDOM METEOROL OFF,HADLEY CTR CLIMATE PREDICT & RES,BRACKNELL RG12 2SY,BERKS,ENGLAND. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. RP Sperber, KR (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,PROGRAM CLIMATE MODEL DIAG & INTERCOMPARISON,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. RI Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012; Lau, William /E-1510-2012 OI Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691 NR 66 TC 115 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 13 IS 11 BP 769 EP 795 DI 10.1007/s003820050197 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YK951 UT WOS:A1997YK95100002 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Sperber, KR Boyle, JS Dix, M Ferranti, L Kitoh, A Lau, KM Miyakoda, K Randall, D Takacs, L Wetherald, R AF Zhang, Y Sperber, KR Boyle, JS Dix, M Ferranti, L Kitoh, A Lau, KM Miyakoda, K Randall, D Takacs, L Wetherald, R TI East Asian winter monsoon: results from eight AMIP models SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SUMMER MONSOON; COLD SURGES; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; DECEMBER 1974; FIELDS; ENSO AB This study evaluates simulations of the East Asian winter monsoon in eight GCMs that participated in the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP). In addition to validating the mean state of the winter monsoon, the cold surge and its transient properties, which includes the frequency, intensity, preferred propagation tracks, and the evolution patterns of the surges, are examined. GCM simulated temporal distribution of the Siberian high and cold surges is also discussed.:Finally, the forcing of the cold surges on the tropical surface wind and convection, along with their interannual variation is analysed. The mean state of the winter monsoon is generally portrayed well in most of the models. These include the climatological position of the Siberian high, the 200 hPa divergent center, and the large-scale wind patterns at the surface and the 200 hPa. Models display a wide range of skill in simulating the cold surge and its transient properties. In some of the models, the simulated cold surge trajectory, intensity, frequency, propagation patterns and source regions are in general agreement with those from the observed. While in others, the models cannot adequately capture these observed characteristics. The temporal distribution of the Siberian high and cold surges were realistically reproduced in most GCMs. Most models were able to simulate the effect of the cold surges on the tropical surface wind, although a few models unrealistically generated subtropical southerly wine! in the mid-winter. The relationship between cold surges and the tropical convection was not satisfactorily simulated in most models. The common discrepancies in the winter monsoon simulation can be attributed to many factors. In some models: the reason is directly related to the improper location of the large-scale convective center near the western Pacific. The satisfactory simulations of the monsoon circulation and the cold surges are partly due to the topographical characteristics of the East Asian continent, i.e., the Tibetan Plateau to the west and the oceans to the east. The correct simulation of the interannual variation of the surface wind near the South China Sea (SCS) and the maritime continent is a demanding task for most of the models. This will require adequate simulations of many aspects, including tropical convection, the Siberian cold dome, the extratropical-tropical linkage, and the air-sea interaction. The discrepancies noted here furnish a guide for the continuing improvement of the winter monsoon simulations. Improved simulations will lead to an adequate delineation of the surface wind and convection near the maritime continent, which is essential for portraying the winter monsoon forcing in a coupled model. C1 CSIRO,MORDIALLOC,VIC 3195,AUSTRALIA. EUROPEAN CTR MEDIUM RANGE WEATHER FORECASTS,READING RG2 9AX,BERKS,ENGLAND. METEOROL RES INST,TSUKUBA,IBARAKI 305,JAPAN. CNR,IMGA,I-41100 MODENA,ITALY. COLORADO STATE UNIV,DEPT ATMOSPHER SCI,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GODDARD LAB ATMOSPHERES,GREENBELT,MD 20771. PRINCETON UNIV,NOAA,GEOPHYS FLUID DYNAM LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08540. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,PROGRAM CLIMATE MODEL DIAG & INTERCOMPARISON,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Dix, Martin/A-2334-2012; Sperber, Kenneth/H-2333-2012; Lau, William /E-1510-2012; Randall, David/E-6113-2011 OI Dix, Martin/0000-0002-7534-0654; Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691; Randall, David/0000-0001-6935-4112 NR 39 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 13 IS 11 BP 797 EP 820 DI 10.1007/s003820050198 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YK951 UT WOS:A1997YK95100003 ER PT J AU Hughes, SD Rubin, EM AF Hughes, SD Rubin, EM TI Vascular accumulation of Lp(a): in vivo analysis of the role of lysine-binding sites using recombinant adenovirus SO CLINICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on From Phenotype to Gene in Common Disorders CY MAY 29-31, 1997 CL OSLO, NORWAY SP Sig K Thoresen Fdn, Norwegian Acad Sci & Lett DE adenovirus; Lp(a); lysine binding; plasminogen ID TRANSGENIC APOLIPOPROTEIN(A) MICE; HUMAN PLASMINOGEN KRINGLE-4; LIPOPROTEIN(A); QUANTIFICATION; FIBRINOGEN; SEQUENCE AB Despite the importance of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] as an atherogenic risk factor, very little information, especially from in vivo studies, is available concerning which structural features of apo(a) contribute to the interactions of Lp(a) with the vessel wall and its proatherogenic properties. Nearly all the proposed and proven activities of apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] focus on its high degree of sequence homology with plasminogen and the possibility that structural features shared by these two molecules contribute to the atherogenesis associated with high Lp(a) plasma levels in humans. In these studies, we examined the properties of three forms of Lp(a) differing at postulated lysine-binding domains contained in the constituent apo(a). We used the recombinant adenoviral gene delivery system to produce apo(a) in the plasma of human apoB transgenic mice, resulting in high levels of Lp(a) similar to those found in the plasma of humans. By comparison of in vitro lysine-binding properties of these forms of Lp(a) with measurements of Lp(a) vascular accumulation in the mice. we have demonstrated that lysine-binding defective forms of Lp(a) have a diminished capacity for vascular accumulation in vivo. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Rubin, EM (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Ctr Human Genome, Div Life Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 74-157, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL50590, PPG HL18574] NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0009-9163 J9 CLIN GENET JI Clin. Genet. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 52 IS 5 BP 361 EP 366 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YX077 UT WOS:000072004100014 PM 9520127 ER PT J AU deBoer, J Feher, L AF deBoer, J Feher, L TI Wakimoto realizations of current algebras: An explicit construction SO COMMUNICATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID KAC-MOODY ALGEBRAS; CONFORMAL FIELD-THEORIES; FEIGIN-FUCHS REPRESENTATIONS; QUANTUM GROUP-STRUCTURE; ZUMINO-WITTEN MODEL; AFFINE LIE-ALGEBRA; FOCK REPRESENTATIONS; CRITICAL-LEVEL; 2 DIMENSIONS; W-ALGEBRAS AB A generalized Wakimoto realization of (G) over cap(K) can be associated with each parabolic subalgebra P = (G(0) + G(4)) of a simple Lie algebra G according to an earlier proposal by Feigin and Frenkel. In this paper the proposal is made explicit by developing the construction of Wakimoto realizations from a simple but unconventional viewpoint. An explicit formula is derived for the Wakimoto current first at the Poisson bracket level by Hamiltonian symmetry reduction of the WZNW model. The quantization is then performed by normal ordering the classical formula and determining the required quantum correction for it to generate (G) over cap(K) by means of commutators. The affine-Sugawara stress-energy tensor is verified to have the expected quadratic form in the constituents, which are symplectic bosons belonging to G(4) and a current belonging to G(0). The quantization requires a choice of special polynomial coordinates on the big cell of the flag manifold P\G. The effect of this choice is investigated in detail by constructing quantum coordinate transformations. Finally, the explicit form of the screening charges for each generalized Wakimoto realization is determined, and some applications are briefly discussed. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, THEORET PHYS GRP, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV BONN, INST PHYS, D-53115 BONN, GERMANY. RP deBoer, J (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PHYS, 366 LECONTE HALL, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Feher, Laszlo/H-1332-2012 OI Feher, Laszlo/0000-0003-2000-7755 NR 53 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0010-3616 J9 COMMUN MATH PHYS JI Commun. Math. Phys. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 189 IS 3 BP 759 EP 793 DI 10.1007/s002200050228 PG 35 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA YK936 UT WOS:A1997YK93600007 ER PT J AU Stevens, R Woodward, P DeFanti, T Catlett, C AF Stevens, R Woodward, P DeFanti, T Catlett, C TI From the I-WAY to the national technology Grid SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 UNIV MINNESOTA,LAB COMPUTAT SCI & ENGN,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. UNIV ILLINOIS,ELECT VISUALIZAT LAB,DIV SCI & TECHNOL,CHICAGO,IL 60680. UNIV ILLINOIS,SOFTWARE TECHNOL RES CTR,CHICAGO,IL. RP Stevens, R (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD NOV PY 1997 VL 40 IS 11 BP 50 EP 60 DI 10.1145/265684.265692 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA YC475 UT WOS:A1997YC47500010 ER PT J AU Apelian, C Holmes, RL Avellaneda, M AF Apelian, C Holmes, RL Avellaneda, M TI A turbulent transport model: Streamline results for a class of random velocity fields in the plane SO COMMUNICATIONS ON PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article ID INTEGRAL-REPRESENTATION; EFFECTIVE DIFFUSIVITY; PERCOLATION; BOUNDS AB Probabilistic methods and computer simulation are used to analyze streamline properties of flows defined by a general class of random, incompressible velocity fields. Such fields are stochastically modeled by a superposition of simple shear-flow layers. The resulting flow is governed by a nonstationary, random Hamiltonian with Hurst exponent H = 0.5 and having the form H-0 = Sigma(k=1)(N) b(k)W(k)(n(r) . r) for constants b(k), where the W-k are two-sided continuous-time random walks. The statistical topography of the flow, as characterized by the level sets or streamlines of H-0, is analyzed via an associated Brownian walk space from which asymptotic results are determined. The flow consists of a hierarchy of nested, closed streamlines. For a given box of side length 2L centered at the particle's starting position, an upper bound on the particle's probability of exit, or ''noncycling'' probability, p(nc), is shown to have a power law dependence on the box size, p(nc)(L) similar to L-alpha, for L >> 1 and positive constant alpha. We also introduce a constant, nonzero mean flow and denote its relative strength with respect to the r.m.s. fluctuations of the random field by rho. In the case 0 < rho < 1, the fraction p(nc)(rho) of noncycling or particles (in an infinitely large box) satisfies the relation rho/rho+1 less than or equal to p(nc)(rho)< 1. All particles percolate in the case rho greater than or equal to 1. Computer simulations for various values of N agree well with earlier work on the N = 2 case by Avellaneda, Elliott, and Apelian, thereby confirming and validating both studies. Numerical results also show the power law exponent alpha to be remarkably robust with respect to changes in topology, including the existence of traps, irregularly spaced modes, and the value of N. All runs yield a common value of alpha approximate to 0.22. Likewise, the mean length of streamlines exiting boxes of size 2L, (lambda(L)), scales Like L-gamma With gamma approximate to 1.28 for all N. These exponent values contrast with those predicted by Isichenko and Kalda yet consistently satisfy a ''sum rule'' alpha + gamma = 2 - H, relating alpha, gamma, and H, the Hurst exponent of the flow. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,GRP XTA,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NYU,COURANT INST,NEW YORK,NY 10012. RP Apelian, C (reprint author), DREW UNIV,DEPT MATH,MADISON,NJ 07940, USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0010-3640 J9 COMMUN PUR APPL MATH JI Commun. Pure Appl. Math. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1053 EP 1088 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0312(199711)50:11<1053::AID-CPA1>3.0.CO;2-9 PG 36 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics SC Mathematics GA YD638 UT WOS:A1997YD63800001 ER PT J AU Dubois, PF AF Dubois, PF TI Is Java for scientific programming? SO COMPUTERS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Article C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, X Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Dubois, PF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, X Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 0894-1866 J9 COMPUT PHYS JI Comput. Phys. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 6 BP 611 EP + PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA YM133 UT WOS:000071032200017 ER PT J AU Casanova, H Dongarra, J Doolin, DM AF Casanova, H Dongarra, J Doolin, DM TI Java access to numerical libraries SO CONCURRENCY-PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Simulation and Modelling Workshop II - Java for Computational Science and Engineering CY JUN 21, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP ACM ID LINEAR ALGEBRA SUBPROGRAMS; SET AB It is a common and somewhat erroneous belief that Java will always be 'too slow' for scientific computing, Two projects under way at the University of Tennessee are addressing the question of scientific computing via Java: NetSolve and f2j. The approaches taken by these two projects are radically different, NetSolve allows users to access pre-installed computational resources, such as hardware and software, distributed across the network, Using these resources, the user can easily perform scientific computing tasks without having any computing resource installed on his or her computer, NetSolve features a Graphical User Interface written in Java as well as a Java Application Programming Interface, The f2j (Fortran to Java) project will provide the numerical subroutines translated from their Fortran source into class files suitable for use by Java programmers, This makes it possible for a Java application or applet to use established legacy numerical code that was originally written in Fortran, This article describes the research issues involved in these two projects and their current limitations, We also explain how, although using two different paradigms and addressing somewhat different classes of users and applications, NetSolve and f2j achieve a common goal: to provide efficient, reliable and portable access to standard numerical libraries via Java, (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT COMP SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,MATH SCI SECT,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RI Dongarra, Jack/E-3987-2014 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 1040-3108 J9 CONCURRENCY-PRACT EX JI Concurrency-Pract. Exp. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1279 EP 1291 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9128(199711)9:11<1279::AID-CPE339>3.0.CO;2-E PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA YJ185 UT WOS:A1997YJ18500025 ER PT J AU Pope, N Turner, WJ Brown, R Hogan, K Holt, R AF Pope, N Turner, WJ Brown, R Hogan, K Holt, R TI Renovating plutonium facility control at Los Alamos National Lab SO CONTROL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material RP Pope, N (reprint author), LANL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAHNERS-DENVER PUBLISHING CO PI HIGHLANDS RANCH PA 8773 S RIDGELINE BLVD, HIGHLANDS RANCH, CO 80126-2329 SN 0010-8049 J9 CONTROL ENG JI Control Eng. PD NOV PY 1997 SI SI BP 13 EP 14 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA YK635 UT WOS:A1997YK63500003 ER PT J AU Lee, CY MatsumotoPon, J Widdicombe, JH AF Lee, CY MatsumotoPon, J Widdicombe, JH TI Cultured lung epithelium: A cellular model for lung preservation SO CRYOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-POTASSIUM-DEXTRAN; OF-WISCONSIN SOLUTION; EURO-COLLINS SOLUTION; PULMONARY PRESERVATION; ELECTROLYTE TRANSPORT; TRACHEAL EPITHELIUM; CELLS; 10-DEGREES-C; PERMEABILITY; 4-DEGREES-C AB Cellular models have helped with the development of conditions needed for hypothermic preservation of kidney, liver, and heart. Recently, highly differentiated cultured lung epithelial cell lines grown with basolateral side feeding technique have become available that can mimic airspace, epithelium, and interstitium of lung parenchyma. Cultured lung epithelium coupled with Ussing's short circuit current technique was used as a cellular model system for lung preservation. A parametric study was conducted to correlate the effects of luminal fluid composition (University of Wisconsin (UW) solution and phosphate-buffered saline) and storage gas (air vs nitrogen) at 4 degrees C for 24 h on postischemic electrogenic properties (transepithelial ion transport and resistance). The results showed that cells were better preserved with the UW solution on both sides as measured by their transepithelial resistance, an indicator of tight junction integrity (R-te similar to 65% of control values similar to 135 Omega cm(2)). In addition, they responded better to mediators that stimulate chloride secretion than cells preserved with other conditions. Cells preserved with no additional fluid on the apical side had substantially lowered R-te (<20%) than those preserved with an additional thin layer of fluid (similar to 35-65%). This cellular model system is a realistic representation of lung epithelium and can provide an accurate assessment of preservation quality through the measurements of tight junction integrity and active ion transport. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 CHILDRENS HOSP,OAKLAND RES INST,OAKLAND,CA 94609. RP Lee, CY (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0011-2240 J9 CRYOBIOLOGY JI Cryobiology PD NOV PY 1997 VL 35 IS 3 BP 209 EP 218 DI 10.1006/cryo.1997.2042 PG 10 WC Biology; Physiology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Physiology GA YH777 UT WOS:A1997YH77700003 PM 9367609 ER PT J AU Pfotenhauer, JM Lokken, OD Christianson, OR Daly, EF AF Pfotenhauer, JM Lokken, OD Christianson, OR Daly, EF TI He II refrigeration system performance in the SMES proof of principle experiment SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT DESY Workshop on HE II 2-Phase Flow CY SEP 23-24, 1996 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Deut Elektronen Synchrotron Lab DE He II; refridgeration; heat exchangers ID CONDUCTOR AB The system performance of the He II refridgeration system used in the Ebasco team SMES proof of principle experiment is described. The system ultimately achieved a temperature of 1.85 K at a heat load of 37 W, and ran for 30 h without any problem. System elements requiring special attention, including the heat exchanger design, thermal penetrations, pumping, and plumbing, are discussed. Operating characteristics involving cooldown, lambda transition, and thermal perturbations are described. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Pfotenhauer, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Appl Superconduct, 1500 Engn Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD NOV PY 1997 VL 37 IS 11 BP 711 EP 717 DI 10.1016/S0011-2275(97)00087-8 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA YQ439 UT WOS:000071387400002 ER PT J AU Peterson, TJ AF Peterson, TJ TI The nature of the helium flow in Fermilab's Tevatron dipole magnets SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT DESY Workshop on HE II 2-Phase Flow CY SEP 23-24, 1996 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Deut Elektronen Synchrotron Lab DE helium AB Recent attempts to lower the temperature of the superconducting magnets in Fermilab's high energy particle accelerator, the Tevatron, and push Fermilab's accelerator complex to somewhat higher energy have motivated investigations into the temperature profiles of the flow around the Tevatron dipole magnet coil. A specially instrumented magnet with thermometry in the single-phase and two-phase helium passages has been tested at the Magnet Test Facility at Fermilab. Measurements show that two-phase flow is separated with a low liquid level in the two-phase shell; heat transfer to the two-phase is poor. Single-phase flow is dramatically stratified. Values of Delta T of more than 100 mK are typical across the magnet coil, and the top of the coil is more than 300 mK warmer than the two-phase helium. A ramp of current produces a heat pulse which reaches the end of the magnet about 30 s later, and could account for some 'flattop quenches' Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Peterson, TJ (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD NOV PY 1997 VL 37 IS 11 BP 727 EP 732 DI 10.1016/S0011-2275(97)00089-1 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA YQ439 UT WOS:000071387400004 ER PT J AU Repka, JL Anderson, RS Finkel, RC AF Repka, JL Anderson, RS Finkel, RC TI Cosmogenic dating of fluvial terraces, Fremont River, Utah SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE cosmogenic elements; terraces; fluvial features; absolute age ID LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; SIERRA-NEVADA; BE-10; AL-26; CHRONOLOGY; SURFACES; NUCLIDES; QUARTZ; RATES AB Absolute dating of river terraces can yield long-term incision rates. clarify the role of climate in setting times of aggradation and incision, and establish the rates of pedogenic processes. While surface exposure dating using cosmogenic Be-10 and Al-26 would Seem to be an ideal dating method, the surfaces are composed of individual clasts, each with its own complex history of exposure and burial. The stochastic nature of burial depth and hence in nuclide production in these clasts during exhumation and fluvial transport, and during post-depositional stirring, results in great variability in clast nuclide concentrations. We present a method for dealing with the problem of pre-depositional inheritance of cosmogenic nuclides. We generate samples by amalgamating many individual clasts in order to average over their widely different exposure histories. Depth profiles of such amalgamated samples allow us to constrain the mean inheritance, to test for the possible importance of stirring, and to estimate the age of the surface. Working with samples from terraces of the Fremont River, we demonstrate that samples amalgamated from 30 clasts represent well the mean concentration. Depth profiles show the expected shifted exponential concentration profile that we attribute to the sum of uniform mean inheritance and depth-dependent post-depositional nuclide production. That the depth-dependent parts of the profiles are exponential argues against significant post-depositional displacement of clasts within the deposit. Our technique yields Be-10 age estimates of 60 +/- 9, 102 +/- 16 and 151 +/- 24 ka for the three highest terraces, corresponding to isotope stages 4, 5d and 6, respectively. The mean inheritance is similar from terrace to terrace and would correspond to an error of similar to 30-40 ka if not taken into account. The inheritance likely reflects primarily the mean exhumation rates in the headwaters, of order 30 m/Ma. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Tecton, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Anderson, RS (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 30 TC 117 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 152 IS 1-4 BP 59 EP 73 DI 10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00149-0 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA YN938 UT WOS:000071223900005 ER PT J AU Breshears, DD Rich, PM Barnes, FJ Campbell, K AF Breshears, DD Rich, PM Barnes, FJ Campbell, K TI Overstory-imposed heterogeneity in solar radiation and soil moisture in a semiarid woodland SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bouteloua gracilis; canopy and intercanopy gaps; Juniperus monosperma; land degradation; microclimate; overstory; Pinus edulis; solar radiation and moisture; woodland ID NORTHERN NEW-MEXICO; PINYON-JUNIPER WOODLANDS; WATER-BALANCE; SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION; DESERT ECOSYSTEMS; VEGETATION; FOREST; MODEL; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB Degradation of semiarid ecosystems is a major environmental problem worldwide, characterized by a reduction in the ratio of herbaceous to woody plant biomass. These ecosystems can be described as a set of canopy patches comprising woody plants and the intercanopy patches that separate them, yielding an overstory with intermediate closure. Field measurements of microclimate at the scale of canopy patches, particularly for near-ground solar radiation and soil moisture, are largely lacking from both nondegraded and degraded ecosystems. We tested for relationships among spatial patterns of the overstory, near-ground solar radiation, and soil moisture in a semiarid pinon-juniper woodland in northern New Mexico that had a highly heterogeneous overstory (approximate to 50% canopy cover) and was not degraded with respect to ground cover and erosion rates. We used measurements taken every 1 m along a 102-m transect-solar radiation indices were estimated monthly and annually using hemispherical photographs, and soil moisture was measured over 4 yr using time-domain reflectometry (TDR)- and analyzed the data using general least squares linear models that accounted for spatial autocorrelation and temporal heteroscedasticity. Time-averages of solar radiation and of soil moisture both were spatially autocorrelated at scales of up to 4 m (P < 0.05), corresponding approximately to the average lengths of both canopy and intercanopy patches and to the scale of spatial autocorrelation in the canopy/intercanopy pattern of the overstory (3 m; P < 0.05). For near-ground solar radiation, we found expected spatial variation between patches (canopy < intercanopy; P < 0.0001) and within patches for centers vs. edges (canopy center < canopy edge and intercanopy center > intercanopy edge; P < 0.0001) and for north vs. south edges (canopy north edge < canopy south edge and intercanopy south edge < intercanopy north edge; P < 0.0001). For soil moisture, canopy locations were significantly drier than intercanopy locations (P < 0.0001), and edge locations were significantly wetter than center locations both overall and within both patch types (P < 0.0001). Spatial heterogeneity in soil mositure was attributed primarily to canopy interception and drip on the basis of large differences a in snow cover between canopy and intercanopy locations. Spatial autocorrelation in the residuals for soil moisture of up to 7 m was attributed to transpiration by woody plants at scales corresponding to belowground root distributions. The spatial heterogeneities in near-ground solar radiation and soil moisture are of sufficient magnitude to affect biotic processes of woody and herbaceous plants, such as growth and seedling establishment. Because land degradation problems in semiarid shrublands and woodlands appear to result from differential impacts to intercanopy vs. canopy patches, our results can be used to help design effective mitigation and remediation strategies. More generally, our results demonstrate how the physical presence of woody canopies reinforces spatial heterogeneity in microclimate and, because our site has intermediate closure of the overstory, bridge the gap along a grassland-forest continuum between related studies in relatively open savannas and in forests with nearly closed canopies. C1 UNIV KANSAS,DEPT SYSTEMAT & ECOL,ENVIRONM STUDIES PROGRAM,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. UNIV KANSAS,KANSAS BIOL SURVEY,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,GEOANAL GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Breshears, DD (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ENVIRONM SCI GRP,MAIL STOP J495,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 84 TC 140 Z9 148 U1 9 U2 47 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1201 EP 1215 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YD790 UT WOS:A1997YD79000015 ER PT J AU Turner, MG Romme, WH Gardner, RH Hargrove, WW AF Turner, MG Romme, WH Gardner, RH Hargrove, WW TI Effects of fire size and pattern on early succession in Yellowstone National Park SO ECOLOGICAL MONOGRAPHS LA English DT Article DE disturbance; fire ecology; landscape ecology; patch size; Pinus contorta; secondary succession; spatial heterogeneity; spatial pattern; Wyoming; Yellowstone National Park ID VEGETATION DYNAMICS; CLIMATE CHANGE; DISTURBANCE REGIMES; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; FOREST; COMMUNITY; LANDSCAPE; HISTORY; PATHWAYS AB The Yellowstone fires of 1988 affected >250 000 ha, creating a mosaic of burn severities across the landscape and providing an ideal opportunity to study effects of fire size and pattern on postfire succession. We asked whether vegetation responses differed between small and large burned patches within the fire-created mosaic in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) and evaluated the influence of spatial patterning on the postfire vegetation. Living vegetation in a small (1 ha), moderate (70-200 ha), and large (500-3600 ha) burned patch at each of three geographic locations was sampled annually from 1990 to 1993, Burn severity and patch size had significant effects on most biotic responses. Severely burned areas had higher cover and density of lodgepole pine seedlings, greater abundance of opportunistic species, and lower richness of vascular plant species than less severely burned areas. Larger burned patches had higher cover of tree seedlings and shrubs, greater densities of lodgepole pine seedlings and opportunistic species, and lower species richness than smaller patches. Herbaceous species present before the fires responded individually to burn severity and patch size; some were more abundant in large patches or severely burned areas, while others were more abundant in small patches or lightly burned areas. To date, dispersal into the burned areas from the surrounding unburned forest has not been an important mechanism for reestablishment of forest species. Most plant cover in burned areas consisted of resprouting survivors during the first 3 yr after the fires. A pulse of seedling establishment in 1991 suggested that local dispersal from these survivors was a dominant mechanism for reestablishment of forest herbs. Succession across much of YNP appeared to be moving toward plant communities similar to those that burned in 1988, primarily because extensive biotic residuals persisted even within very large burned areas. However, forest reestablishment remained questionable in areas of old (>400 yr) forests with low prefire serotiny. Despite significant effects of burn severity and patch size, the most important explanatory variable for most biotic responses was geographic location, particularly as related to broad-scale patterns of serotiny in Pinus contorta. We conclude that the effects of fire size and pattern were important and some may be persistent, but that these landscape-scale effects occurred within an overriding context of broader scale gradients. C1 FT LEWIS COLL, DEPT BIOL, DURANGO, CO 81301 USA. UNIV MARYLAND, APPALACHIAN ENVIRONM LAB, FROSTBURG, MD 21532 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV ENVIRONM SCI, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP Turner, MG (reprint author), UNIV WISCONSIN, DEPT ZOOL, BIRGE HALL, MADISON, WI 53706 USA. RI Turner, Monica/B-2099-2010; Romme, William/C-7317-2016 NR 94 TC 297 Z9 318 U1 20 U2 134 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9615 EI 1557-7015 J9 ECOL MONOGR JI Ecol. Monogr. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 67 IS 4 BP 411 EP 433 DI 10.1890/0012-9615(1997)067[0411:EOFSAP]2.0.CO;2 PG 23 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YC930 UT WOS:A1997YC93000001 ER PT J AU Eskay, TP Britt, PF Buchanan, AC AF Eskay, TP Britt, PF Buchanan, AC TI Pyrolysis of aromatic carboxylic acids: Potential involvement of anhydrides in retrograde reactions in low-rank coal SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID CROSS-LINKING REACTIONS; DECARBOXYLATION; HYDROGENOLYSIS; LIQUEFACTION; THERMOLYSIS; DEPENDENCE; RADICALS AB The pyrolysis of 1-(3-carboxyphenyl)-2-(4-biphenyl)ethane (3) has been studied in the liquid phase at 400 degrees C neat and diluted in hydrogen-donor and nondonor solvents to determine the role of decarboxylation of aromatic carboxylic acids in the cross-linking processes in low-rank coal. Decarboxylation was the dominant reaction pathway in the pyrolysis of this model compound, and decarboxylation occurred primarily by an acid-promoted ionic mechanism that does not lead to cross-linking. However, pyrolysis in a nondonor solvent produced a small amount of products containing a new aryl-aryl bond between 3 and the solvent that represents the formation of a cross-link associated with the decarboxylation process. These cross-linked products were found to be formed by a free-radical pathway and could be decreased by the addition of H2O or tetralin to the pyrolysis medium. It is proposed that the cross-linked products arise from the formation and subsequent decomposition of anhydrides during the pyrolysis of the acid. Pyrolysis of di-3,3'-(2-(4-biphenyl)ethyl)benzoic anhydride and 1-(3-carboxaldehydephenyl)-2-(4-biphenyl)ethane was investigated to support the proposed free-radical formation of the cross-linked products. These results suggest that cross-linking processes in low-rank coals may not be directly related to the decarboxylation process but may indirectly result from intermediates formed from reactions of the aromatic carboxylic acids. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 39 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1278 EP 1287 DI 10.1021/ef9700745 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YH375 UT WOS:A1997YH37500020 ER PT J AU Liendo, MF Landes, JD McCabe, DE AF Liendo, MF Landes, JD McCabe, DE TI Assessment of the ductile-to-brittle transition region with 1X-WOL specimens SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE A 533 grade B; elastic-plastic; fracture mechanics; transition temperature; 1X-WOL; K-Jc AB Several of the nuclear reactor surveillance programs that were started in the early 1970s incorporated some 1X-WOL type fracture mechanics specimens. The 1X-WOL is an early specimen design intended specifically to obtain valid K-Ic values on highly embrittled materials. This specimen is now known to be unsuitable when the material being tested has sufficient fracture toughness to develop elastic-plastic performance. The objective of this project was to evaluate modifications that can be easily made by machining within the hot cell to make the specimens viable for evaluation in the ductile-to-brittle transition region using elastic-plastic data development and analyses. Three modifications were tried: (1) remove 7.4 mm from the back face to make the compact specimen H/W ratio of 0.6; (2) a side groove of 25% to decrease the initial remaining ligament strength; and (3) combining side grooving and back face removal, both in lesser amounts, to weaken the remaining ligament strength. An A 533 grade B steel that had already been well documented in toughness properties was selected for this work. The first modification did not work because the remaining ligament was made too small to sufficiently control loss of constraint. The second and third modifications were successful from the standpoint of reproducing the results of the previous material characterization. A recommendation is made for the adoption of the second modification since it is more easily performed as a machining operation in the hot cell. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McCabe, DE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 58 IS 4 BP 285 EP 292 DI 10.1016/S0013-7944(97)00130-6 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA YR783 UT WOS:000071529800002 ER PT J AU Power, M Adams, SM AF Power, M Adams, SM TI Perspectives of the scientific community on the status of ecological risk assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material DE ecological risk assessment; ecology; probability C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Power, M (reprint author), UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT AGR ECON,WINNIPEG,MB R3T 2N2,CANADA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 21 IS 6 BP 803 EP 803 DI 10.1007/s002679900069 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XX882 UT WOS:A1997XX88200001 ER PT J AU Power, M Adams, SM AF Power, M Adams, SM TI Perspectives of the scientific community on the status of ecological risk assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; ecology; probability C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Power, M (reprint author), UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT AGR ECON,WINNIPEG,MB R3T 2N2,CANADA. NR 9 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 21 IS 6 BP 803 EP 805 DI 10.1007/s002679900069 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XX882 UT WOS:A1997XX88200002 ER PT J AU Suter, GW Efroymson, RA AF Suter, GW Efroymson, RA TI Controversies in ecological risk assessment: Assessment scientists respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; probability; values; burden of proof; benefits assessment; alternatives; risk management ID HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES RP Suter, GW (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 21 IS 6 BP 819 EP 822 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XX882 UT WOS:A1997XX88200007 ER PT J AU Bartell, SM AF Bartell, SM TI Ecological risk assessment: Progressing through experience or stalling in debate SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; environmental decision making; levels of organization; baseline environmental model RP Bartell, SM (reprint author), OAK RIDGE INC,CTR RISK ANAL,102 DONNER DR,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830, USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 21 IS 6 BP 822 EP 825 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XX882 UT WOS:A1997XX88200008 ER PT J AU Adams, SM Power, M AF Adams, SM Power, M TI Assessing the current status of ecological risk assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecological risk assessment; validation; ecology; limitations ID VALIDATION C1 UNIV MANITOBA,DEPT AGR ECON,WINNIPEG,MB R3T 2N2,CANADA. RP Adams, SM (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 21 IS 6 BP 825 EP 830 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XX882 UT WOS:A1997XX88200009 ER PT J AU Merkhofer, MW Conway, R Anderson, RG AF Merkhofer, MW Conway, R Anderson, RG TI Multiattribute utility analysis as a framework for public participation in siting a hazardous waste management facility SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE multiattribute utility analysis; public involvement; collaboration; dispute resolution; environmental management AB In an attempt to facilitate the resolution of contentious environmental problems, public and private organizations are experimenting with collaborative approaches wherein stakeholders participate in the decision-making process. A dilemma for the design of collaborative approaches is the technical complexity of many environmental problems. How can members of the public play a meaningful role in decisions that involve complicated scientific arguments? This paper describes a public participation exercise in which stakeholders used an approach based on multiattribute utility analysis to select a site for a hazardous waste management facility. The key to success was the ability to separate and address two types of judgments inherent in environmental decisions-technical judgments regarding the likely consequences of alternative choices and value judgments regarding the importance or seriousness of those consequences. The approach enabled technical specialists to communicate the essential technical considerations and allowed stakeholders to establish the value judgments for the decision. Although rarely used in public participation, the multiattribute utility approach appears to provide a useful framework for the collaborative resolution of complex environmental decision problems. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ENVIRONM RESTORAT PROJECT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Merkhofer, MW (reprint author), APPL DECIS ANAL INC,2710 SAND HILL RD,MENLO PK,CA 94025, USA. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 21 IS 6 BP 831 EP 839 DI 10.1007/s002679900070 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XX882 UT WOS:A1997XX88200010 ER PT J AU Hein, EW AF Hein, EW TI Demonstration of line transect methodologies to estimate urban gray squirrel density SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE bias; density; distance sampling; gray squirrel; line transect; Sciurus carolinensis ID SIZE BIAS; POPULATION AB Because studies estimating density of gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) have been laser intensive and costly, I demonstrate the use of line transect surveys to estimate gray squirrel density and determine the costs of conducting surveys to achieve precise estimates. Density estimates are based on four transects that were surveyed five times from 30 June to 9 July 1994. Using the program DISTANCE, I estimated there were 4.7 (95% CI = 1.86-11.92) gray squirrels/ha on the Clemson University campus. Eleven additional surveys would have decreased the percent coefficient of variation from 30% to 20% and would have cost approximately $114. Estimating urban gray squirrel density using line transect surveys is cost effective and can provide unbiased estimates of density, provided that none of the assumptions of distance sampling theory are violated. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, ENVIRONM SCI GRP, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 21 IS 6 BP 943 EP 947 DI 10.1007/s002679900078 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA XX882 UT WOS:A1997XX88200018 ER PT J AU Burger, J Kennamer, RA Brisbin, IL Gochfeld, M AF Burger, J Kennamer, RA Brisbin, IL Gochfeld, M TI Metal levels in mourning doves from South Carolina: Potential hazards to doves and hunters SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METALS; RISK ASSESSMENT; AUTUMN MOLT; LONG-ISLAND; BIRDS; SELENIUM; MERCURY; LEAD; FEATHERS; RESERVOIR AB Most game birds are found in lower trophic levels, but since such birds are harvested and consumed by humans, there is a particular need to assess their contaminant levels. In this paper, we report concentrations of mercury, lead, cadmium, selenium, manganese, and chromium in the breast feathers, liver, and muscle of mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) collected at a partially drawn-down, contaminated reactor-cooling reservoir (Par Pond) on the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site in South Carolina and at nearby agricultural fields managed as dove hunting areas. We test the hypothesis that the levels in doves are not harmful to either dove populations or humans. We also tested the simultaneous effects of collection location, year (1992, 1993), and dove age-class (hatch-year vs after hatch-year) on heavy metal and selenium levels. For all three tissues, mercury levels were nondetectable at all locations. Lead was highest in tissues from agricultural fields with prior histories of dove hunting activities. Doves at those fields were likely ingesting lead shot to a greater degree than at the recently drawn-down reservoir which was closed to public access and hunting. For other metals, Par Pond doves had equally high or higher tissue levels. For all metals, levels in doves from South Carolina were generally within the lower range of those reported in the literature, suggesting that these metals were likely to pose no health problems to these doves. Except for lead and selenium, metal levels in dove muscle that we observed were well below reference metal doses established for human intake. Lead and selenium, at the levels described here, would only be a problem if a child (not an adult) ate 120 g of dove meat every day of the year. Thus, we conclude that meat from these doves, if consumed by hunters, would not pose a risk. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Nelson Biol Labs, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, EOHSI, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. RP Burger, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Nelson Biol Labs, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 75 IS 2 BP 173 EP 186 DI 10.1006/enrs.1997.3789 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA YM945 UT WOS:000071117600010 PM 9417848 ER PT J AU Barnett, MO Harris, LA Turner, RR Stevenson, RJ Henson, TJ Melton, RC Hoffman, DP AF Barnett, MO Harris, LA Turner, RR Stevenson, RJ Henson, TJ Melton, RC Hoffman, DP TI Formation of mercuric sulfide in soil SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL FORM; SEDIMENTS; WATER; IRON; MANGANESE; MINERALS; METALS; HG(II) AB Analysis of mercury-contaminated soil from the flood plain of East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) in Oak Ridge, TN, using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy-and wavelength X-ray dispersive spectroscopy (EDS/WDS) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with select area electron diffraction (SAED) revealed the presence of submicron, crystalline mercuric sulfide (HgS) in the form of metacinnabar. The HgS formed in place after the deposition and burial of mercury-contaminated soils. A reaction path model developed to describe the geochemical evolution of the soil redox conditions during flooding predicted that the resultant pe and pH of the soil would be within the stability range of HgS. The reaction of mercury with other metal sulfides or sulfhydryl groups in the soil may have also contributed to the formation of HgS. The formation of HSS is significant to the remediation efforts at EFPC because the toxicity, leachability, and volatility of mercury in soils is dependent on the solid phase speciation. Because the local hydrogeochemical conditions are not unique, the formation of HgS at this site has implications to other environments as well. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,TECH DIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Barnett, MO (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,K25,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 43 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 31 IS 11 BP 3037 EP 3043 DI 10.1021/es960389j PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YE040 UT WOS:A1997YE04000024 ER PT J AU Gaffney, JS Marley, NA Martin, RS Dixon, RW Reyes, LG Popp, CJ AF Gaffney, JS Marley, NA Martin, RS Dixon, RW Reyes, LG Popp, CJ TI Potential air quality effects of using ethanol-gasoline fuel blends: A field study in Albuquerque, New Mexico SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA-AIR; PEROXYACETYL NITRATE; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; UNITED-STATES; FORMIC-ACID; ACETIC-ACID; EMISSIONS; CARTRIDGE; FORMALDEHYDE; ATMOSPHERE AB The use of alternate fuels has been proposed as a method of improving urban air quality by reducing combustion-related pollution. One such program mandates the use of oxygenates in the wintertime to reduce CO emissions in cities such as Albuquerque, NM. A field study was conducted in Albuquerque to determine the atmospheric impacts of the use of ethanol fuels. Atmospheric concentrations of ozone, oxides of nitrogen, CO, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), aldehydes, and organic acids were measured in the summer of 1993, before the use of ethanol fuels, and in the winters of 1994 and 1995, during the use of 10% ethanol fuel (>99%). Data showed increased levels of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and aldehydes in winter. The formaldehyde/acetaldehyde ratio was 1.4, indicating an anthropogenic source, and PAN and acetaldehyde levels were anti-correlated over short time periods, indicating primary acetaldehyde emissions. A comparison of data taken at rural sites south of the city indicates that although there is a significant anthropogenic component to the aldehyde concentrations during the winter, there are also contributions from the photochemical oxidation of natural hydrocarbons. C1 NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL,DEPT MINERAL & ENVIRONM ENGN,SOCORRO,NM 87801. NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,SOCORRO,NM 87801. RP Gaffney, JS (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM RES,BLDG 203,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 31 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 31 IS 11 BP 3053 EP 3061 DI 10.1021/es9610388 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YE040 UT WOS:A1997YE04000026 ER PT J AU Dodge, CJ Francis, AJ AF Dodge, CJ Francis, AJ TI Biotransformation of binary and ternary citric acid complexes of iron and uranium SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METAL-CITRATE COMPLEXES; BIODEGRADATION AB Citric acid forms ternary mixed-metal complexes with various metal ions involving the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of citric acid. The coordination of the metal to citric acid has been shown to affect the biodegradation of the metal-citrate complexes and metal mobility in the environment. We investigated the formation and biodegradation of the ternary mixed metal Fe-U-citric acid complex. The presence of 1:1:2 Fe-U-citric acid in solution was confirmed by potentiometric titration, UV-vis spectrophotometry, gel-filtration chromatography, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. Comparison of the EXAFS spectra shows that the 1:1:2 Fe-U-citric acid complex has structural characteristics similar to the 1:1 U-citric acid complex. Biotransformation studies of Fe(III)-citrate, U(VI)-citrate, and Fe-U-citrate complexes by Pseudomonas fluorescens showed that the binary 1:1 Fe-citric acid was readily biodegraded, whereas the 1:1 U-citric acid complex and the ternary 1:1:2 Fe-U-citric acid complexes were recalcitrant. Adding excess citric acid to the 1:1 U-citric acid complex resulted in the formation of a 2:3 U-citric acid complex after metabolism of the excess citric acid. When 1-fold excess citric acid was added to the 1:1:2 Fe-U-citric acid complex, the excess citric acid was completely degraded with no change in the stoichiometry of the complex. However, in the presence of 2-fold excess citric acid, a 1:1:1 Fe-U-citric acid complex remained in solution after the excess citric acid had been biodegraded. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 31 IS 11 BP 3062 EP 3067 DI 10.1021/es961058+ PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YE040 UT WOS:A1997YE04000027 ER PT J AU Travis, BJ Rosenberg, ND AF Travis, BJ Rosenberg, ND TI Modeling in situ bioremediation of TCE at Savannah River: Effects of product toxicity and microbial interactions on TCE degradation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRICHLOROETHYLENE; BIODEGRADATION; KINETICS AB An in situ bioremediation field demonstration was performed at the U.S. DOE's Savannah River site in 1992-1993 to remediate subsurface TCE contamination. This demonstration involved stimulating indigenous methanotrophic bacteria with injection of methane, air, and air-phase nutrients below the water table and vacuum extraction in the vadose zone. We model this field demonstration using TRAMPP, a numerical code that differs from those used in previous studies in that it includes both vadose and groundwater zones, unsteady air and water flow, limited nutrients, and airborne nutrients, in addition to toxicity, cometabolic kinetics, kinetic sorption, and predator grazing. We conclude that the total amount of TCE extracted or biodegraded in the Savannah River demonstration was about 25% higher than would have occurred by air sparging and vacuum extraction alone and that lower residual levels of TCE were achieved. Sensitivity analysis indicates that toxicity of the methanotrophs to TCE epoxides is an important factor affecting efficiency of remediation. Predation of methanotrophs by protozoa provide the best explanation for the oscillations in methanotroph population observed at the site, although competition, which we did not consider in our model, may also have played a key role. Neglecting the effects of microbial predation can lead to overestimates of TCE degradation on the order of 25%. Because rapid biodegradation only occurs where methanotrophs, TCE and ''food'' are all present, models that couple subsurface flow and transport with microbial processes are an important tool for assessing the effectiveness of bioremediation infield applications in which the environment is heterogeneous. RP Travis, BJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV EARTH & ENVIRONM SCI, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 25 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 31 IS 11 BP 3093 EP 3102 DI 10.1021/es9610186 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YE040 UT WOS:A1997YE04000032 ER PT J AU Lehman, RM Colwell, FS Garland, JL AF Lehman, RM Colwell, FS Garland, JL TI Physiological profiling of indigenous aquatic microbial communities to determine toxic effects of metals SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bioassay; microbial; community; metals; toxicity ID CARBON-SOURCE UTILIZATION; C SOURCE UTILIZATION; PATTERNS; BACTERIA; COPPER; MICROORGANISMS; BIOASSAYS; SEDIMENTS; QUALITY; SOIL AB Conventional bioassays for environmental assessment frequently rely on nonindigenous single species. We employed an assay in which whole environmental samples were distinguished by the ability of the native heterotrophic microbial communities to oxidize 95 different sole carbon sources generating a community-level physiological profile (CLPP). The average metabolic response (AMR) to the 95 variables defining the CLPP was used in laboratory bioassay studies with copper to construct dose-response curves over several different periods of exposure: 1 h (acute), 1 d, 2 d, and 1 d. The acute dose-response of Snake River bacterioplankton communities measured by AMR was compared to the dose-response of Photobacterium phosphoreun (used in the Microtox test) and a proprietary mixed consortia (used in the Polytox test). In laboratory bioassay studies, CLPP AMR exhibited acute dose-response behavior over a greater range in copper concentrations and with less variability (per dose) than Microtox and Polytox. The acute sensitivity of CLPP AMR to copper was roughly equal to Microtox and much greater than Polytox. After a longer exposure (1 d) to copper, Snake River communities became more sensitive to copper but no additional effect was observed when the exposure was increased to 2 and 4 d. Snake River communities pre-exposed to copper(1 mg/L) for 4 d prior to acute dose-response experiments showed no difference in AMR with respect to doses up to 10 mg/L, indicating the ability of the assay to detect adaptation. Several metal-contaminated streams in Idaho were used to held validate the CLPP approach for detecting impacts of metals in the environment. The response profiles of the bacterioplankton from two downstream sites receiving metal laden mine drainage were compared to those from reference sites upstream and further downstream of the location receiving the mine drainage. The AMR of the communities at the stream reference sites were greater than sites just below the mines. We ascribed this finding to acute physiological insult near the mines and subsequent recovery downstream. Multivariate analysis revealed differences in the pattern of carbon source utilization between chronically stressed (mine waters) and unstressed communities (reference stream sites). At the third site, treatment of mine drainage by an artificial wetland was assessed above and below the wetland; water exiting the treatment wetland had a higher AMR than water that was untreated. The CLPP approach has sufficient sensitivity to detect acute contaminant impact on physiological processes of the indigenous microbial community while providing data for evaluation of chronic stress-induced adaptations in microbial community structure. C1 DYNAMAC,KENNEDY SPACE CTR,FL 32899. RP Lehman, RM (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN & ENVIRONM LAB,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. OI Lehman, Michael/0000-0002-3391-3178 NR 39 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU SETAC PRESS PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3370 SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 16 IS 11 BP 2232 EP 2241 DI 10.1897/1551-5028(1997)016<2232:PPOIAM>2.3.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA YC088 UT WOS:A1997YC08800006 ER PT J AU Aronson, MC Maple, MB DeSa, P Tsvelik, AM Osborn, R AF Aronson, MC Maple, MB DeSa, P Tsvelik, AM Osborn, R TI Non-Fermi-liquid scaling in UCu5-xPdx (x = 1, 1.5): A phenomenological description SO EUROPHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COPPER-OXIDE MODEL; FIELD-THEORY; BEHAVIOR; STATE; RESISTIVITY; TRANSITION; PRESSURE AB We present a unified description of the imaginary part of the dynamical magnetic susceptibility chi''(omega,T) and measurements of the static susceptibility chi(T) and electrical resistivity rho(T) in the uranium intermetallics UCu5-xPdx (x = 1, 1.5). For temperatures T and excitation energies omega in the range 12 K < omega, T < 150 K, our analysis demonstrates that the dynamics of isolated uranium ions are responsible for the observed temperature and frequency scaling, although interion interactions may become important at lower temperatures and frequencies. We derive a strict criterion for single-ion scaling in the form of a universal scaling function, providing a model-independent description of the compiled experimental data. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,DEPT PHYS,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV OXFORD,DEPT PHYS,OXFORD,ENGLAND. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Aronson, MC (reprint author), UNIV MICHIGAN,HARRISON M RANDALL LAB PHYS,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109, USA. RI Osborn, Raymond/E-8676-2011 OI Osborn, Raymond/0000-0001-9565-3140 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EUROPHYS LETT JI Europhys. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 40 IS 3 BP 245 EP 250 DI 10.1209/epl/i1997-00455-9 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YE295 UT WOS:A1997YE29500002 ER PT J AU Carnes, BA Olshansky, SJ AF Carnes, BA Olshansky, SJ TI A biologically motivated partitioning of mortality SO EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodemography; mortality partitioning; intrinsic mortality ID CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY; HUMAN SENESCENCE; AGING RESEARCH; HOMO-SAPIENS; PERSPECTIVES; EVOLUTION; DISEASE; LAW; AGE; POPULATIONS AB For over a century, actuaries and biologists working independently of each other have presented arguments for why total mortality needs to be partitioned into biologically meaningful subcomponents. These mortality partitions tended to overlook genetic diseases that are inherited because the partitions were motivated by a paradigm focused on aging. In this article, we combine and extend the concepts from these disciplines to develop a conceptual partitioning of total mortality into extrinsic and intrinsic causes of death. An extrinsic death is either caused or initiated by something that originates outside the body of an individual, while an intrinsic death is either caused or initiated by processes that originate within the body. It is argued that extrinsic mortality has been a driving force in determining why we die when we do from intrinsic causes of death. This biologically motivated partitioning of mortality provides a useful perspective for researchers interested in comparative mortality analyses, the consequences of population aging, limits to human life expectancy, the progress made by the biomedical sciences against lethal diseases, and demographic models that predict the life expectancy of future populations. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT MED,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP Carnes, BA (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,CTR MECHANIST BIOL & BIOTECHNOL,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-00577-01] NR 93 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0531-5565 J9 EXP GERONTOL JI Exp. Gerontol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 32 IS 6 BP 615 EP 631 DI 10.1016/S0531-5565(97)00056-9 PG 17 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA YJ452 UT WOS:A1997YJ45200001 PM 9785088 ER PT J AU Ames, BN Gold, LS AF Ames, BN Gold, LS TI Environmental pollution, pesticides, and the prevention of cancer: Misconceptions SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE synthetic chemical; fruits and vegetables; rodent carcinogen; natural chemical; mutagen; carcinogenesis ID LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS; UNITED-STATES; HEMATOLOGICAL FINDINGS; RODENT CARCINOGENS; OXIDATIVE EVENTS; BREAST-CANCER; IRON STATUS; DNA DAMAGE; INJURY; SPERM AB The major causes of cancer are: 1) smoking, which accounts for about a third of U.S. cancer and 90% of lung cancer; 2) dietary imbalances: lack of sufficient amounts of dietary fruits and vegetables. The quarter of the population eating the fewest fruits and vegetables has double the cancer rate for most types of cancer than the quarter eating the most; 3) chronic infections, mostly in developing countries; and 4) hormonal factors, influenced primarily by lifestyle. There is no cancer epidemic except for cancer of the lung due to smoking, Cancer mortality rates have declined by 16% since 1950 (excluding lung cancer). Regulatory policy that focuses on traces of synthetic chemicals is based on misconceptions about animal cancer tests. Recent research indicates that rodent carcinogens are not rare. Half of all chemicals tested in standard high-dose animal cancer tests, whether occurring naturally or produced synthetically, are ''carcinogens''; there are high-dose effects in rodent cancer tests that are not relevant to low-dose human exposures and which contribute to the high proportion of chemicals that test positive, The focus of regulatory policy is on synthetic chemicals, although 99.9% of the chemicals humans ingest are natural. More than 1000 chemicals have been described in coffee: 28 have been tested and 19 are rodent carcinogens. Plants in the human diet contain thousands of natural ''pesticides'' produced by plants to protect themselves from insects and other predators: 63 have been tested and 35 are rodent carcinogens. There is no convincing evidence that synthetic chemical pollutants are important as a cause of human cancer. Regulations targeted to eliminate minuscule levels of synthetic chemicals are enormously expensive: the Environmental Protection Agency has estimated that environmental regulations cost society $140 billion/year. Others have estimated that the median toxic control program costs 146 times more per hypothetical life-year saved than the median medical intervention. Attempting to reduce tiny hypothetical risks has other costs as well: if reducing synthetic pesticides makes fruits and vegetables more expensive, thereby decreasing consumption, then the cancer rate will increase, especially for the poor. The prevention of cancer will come from knowledge obtained from biomedical research, education of the public, and lifestyle changes made by individuals. A reexamination of priorities in cancer prevention, both public and private, seems called for. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP Ames, BN (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT MOL & CELL BIOL, BARKER HALL MCB BMB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA39910]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ESO1896] NR 87 TC 95 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 12 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 11 IS 13 BP 1041 EP 1052 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA YE983 UT WOS:A1997YE98300002 PM 9367339 ER PT J AU Marano, JJ Holder, GD AF Marano, JJ Holder, GD TI Characterization of Fischer-Tropsch liquids for vapor-liquid equilibria calculations SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE vapor-liquid equilibria; properties; model; characterization; Fischer-Tropsch; pseudocomponents ID SOLUBILITIES; PREDICTION; REACTORS AB K-value formulations are developed for use in performing vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) calculations on Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) systems. Carbon-number-based pseudocomponents are defined with the aid of the Anderson-Schulz-Flory (ASF) molecular weight distribution. Proper selection of the number and types of pseudocomponents enables the trade-off which exists between accuracy and computing time to be adequately addressed. The properties of a pseudocomponent are based on a hypothetical 'model' component in each carbon-number cut. Solubilities of gases and light hydrocarbons in the liquid phase are calculated from correlations for the individual solutes in pure n-paraffin solvents, using average carbon numbers of the liquid phase. Comparisons are made with data for several different F-T reactor compositions and with predictions from literature models. The VLE model developed accurately predicts product phase splits, and is superior to other formulations. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. RP Marano, JJ (reprint author), US DOE, Fed Energy Technol Ctr, POB 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM marano@fetc.doe.gov OI Holder, Gerald/0000-0001-8890-794X NR 27 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(97)00166-0 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA YU238 UT WOS:000071696100001 ER PT J AU Hino, T Prausnitz, JM AF Hino, T Prausnitz, JM TI A perturbed hard-sphere-chain equation of state for normal fluids and polymers using the square-well potential of variable width SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE equation of state; vapor-liquid equilibria; liquid-liquid equilibria; polymer solutions ID PRESSURE-VOLUME-TEMPERATURE; LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA; ASSOCIATING MOLECULES; POLYSTYRENE SOLUTIONS; INCLUDING COPOLYMERS; PURE FLUIDS; MIXTURES; BINARY; POLYDISPERSE; MISCIBILITY AB A perturbed hard-sphere-chain (PHSC) equation of state is developed for normal fluids and polymers, including mixtures. The new PHSC equation of state for pure fluids uses a perturbation term based on the analytic solution by Chang and Sandler to the second-order perturbation theory of Barker and Henderson for the square-well fluid of variable width. The reference equation of state is the modified Chiew equation of state for athermal mixtures of hard-sphere chains as used in the original PHSC equation of state. The analytic solution by Chang and Sandler is simplified such that theory is readily extended to mixtures by conventional mixing rules. Using an optimum system-independent reduced well width, the new PHSC equation of state correlates the vapor pressures and liquid densities of saturated liquids with good accuracy. Combined with one-fluid type mixing rules for the perturbation term, theory is applied to liquid-liquid and vapor-liquid equilibria for binary mixtures where all components have the same reduced well width. Calculations were also made for a polymer solution where each component has a different reduced well width. In solvent/polymer systems, calculated liquid-liquid equilibria are sensitive to the reduced well width. The perturbation term, however, neglects chain connectivity. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 47 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 EI 1879-0224 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 105 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0378-3812(97)00154-4 PG 26 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA YU238 UT WOS:000071696100007 ER PT J AU Kaufman, EN Harkins, JB Rodriguez, M Tsouris, C Selvaraj, PT Murphy, SE AF Kaufman, EN Harkins, JB Rodriguez, M Tsouris, C Selvaraj, PT Murphy, SE TI Development of an electro-spray bioreactor for crude oil processing SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on the Biological Processing of Fossil Fuels CY MAR 16-18, 1996 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP US DOE, Deut Montan Technol, Germany, Elect Power Res Inst, US, Univ Politecn, ETS Ingenieros Minas, Madrid, Spain, Fed Minist Res & Technol, Germany, Fdn Gomez Pardo, Spain, Minist Econ, Small Business & Technol State N Rhine Westphalia, Germany, Rheinbraun, Germany, Aitemin, Spain, Ocicarbon, Spain, Univ Alcala Henares, Spain DE oil desulfurization; Rhodococcus; electrostatic spraying; dibenzothiophene ID DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS M6; RHODOCOCCUS-ERYTHROPOLIS D-1; SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA; EMULSION-PHASE CONTACTOR; ORGANIC-SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; MICROBIAL DESULFURIZATION; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; NONAQUEOUS MEDIA; DIBENZOTHIOPHENE; BIODESULFURIZATION AB Biological removal of organic sulfur from petroleum feedstocks offers an attractive alternative to conventional thermochemical treatment due to the mild operating conditions afforded by the biocatalyst, In order for biodesulfurization to realize commercial success, it will be necessary to design reactors that allow for sufficient liquid/liquid and gas/liquid mass transfer while simultaneously reducing operating costs. In this study, the use of electric field contactors for the biodesulfurization of the model compound dibenzothiophene (DBT) as well as actual crude oil was investigated. The emulsion phase contactor (EPC) creates an emulsion of aqueous biocatalyst in the organic phase by concentrating forces at the liquid/liquid interface rather than by imparting energy to the bulk solution as is done in impeller-based reactors. Characterization of emulsion quality and determination of rates of DBT oxidation to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) were performed for both batch stirred reactors (BSR) and the EPC. The EPC was capable of producing aqueous droplets of about 5 mu m in diameter using 3 W/1 whereas the impeller-based reactor formed droplets between 100 and 200 mu m with comparable power consumption, The presence of electric fields was not found to adversely affect biocatalytic activity. Despite the greater surface area for reaction afforded by the EPC, rates of DBT oxidation in both reactors were similar, demonstrating that the biocatalyst used (Rhodococcus sp. IGTS8) was not active enough to be mass transport limited, The EPC is expected to have tremendous impact on reactor operating costs and biocatalyst utilization once advances in biocatalyst development provide systems that are mass transport limited. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Bioproc Res & Dev Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Energy Biosyst Corp, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. RP Kaufman, EN (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Bioproc Res & Dev Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Unciano, Noel/B-6810-2009; Tsouris, Costas/C-2544-2016 OI Tsouris, Costas/0000-0002-0522-1027 NR 43 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 52 IS 1-3 BP 127 EP 144 DI 10.1016/S0378-3820(97)00022-2 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YT370 UT WOS:000071595500013 ER PT J AU Premuzic, ET Lin, MS Lian, H Zhou, WM Yablon, J AF Premuzic, ET Lin, MS Lian, H Zhou, WM Yablon, J TI The use of chemical markers in the evaluation of crude oil bioconversion products, technology, and economic analysis SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on the Biological Processing of Fossil Fuels CY MAR 16-18, 1996 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP US DOE, Deut Montan Technol, Germany, Elect Power Res Inst, US, Univ Politecn, ETS Ingenieros Minas, Madrid, Spain, Fed Minist Res & Technol, Germany, Fdn Gomez Pardo, Spain, Minist Econ, Small Business & Technol State N Rhine Westphalia, Germany, Rheinbraun, Germany, Aitemin, Spain, Ocicarbon, Spain, Univ Alcala Henares, Spain AB Experimental data gathered over the past several years show that the interactions of microorganisms with crude oils are variable and depend on the microbial species and the chemical composition of crude oils. Systematic studies of chemical mechanisms by which selected microorganisms react with crude oils have led to the identification of biochemical markers characteristic of the interactions of microbes with oils. These biomarkers belong to several groups of natural products ranging from saturate and polyaromatic hydrocarbons containing heterocyclics to organometallic compounds. Chemical marker analyses indicate that the interaction of microbes with crude oils involves multiple chemical reactions resulting from the biochemical interactions between microbes and oils. Different interactions may influence the efficiency of processes in which single or mixed microbial species are used for the oil treatment and may also suggest possible combinations of biological and chemical technologies. Further, the biochemical conversions of oils can be monitored by these chemical markers, which is particularly useful in the optimization of biochemical processing, cost efficiency, and engineering studies. Recent results from these studies will be discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Premuzic, ET (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Energy Sci & Technol Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM premuzic@bnl.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 52 IS 1-3 BP 207 EP 223 DI 10.1016/S0378-3820(97)00030-1 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YT370 UT WOS:000071595500021 ER PT J AU Andrews, GF Noah, KS AF Andrews, GF Noah, KS TI The slurry-column coal beneficiation process SO FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on the Biological Processing of Fossil Fuels CY MAR 16-18, 1996 CL MADRID, SPAIN SP US DOE, Deut Montan Technol, Germany, Elect Power Res Inst, US, Univ Politecn, ETS Ingenieros Minas, Madrid, Spain, Fed Minist Res & Technol, Germany, Fdn Gomez Pardo, Spain, Minist Econ, Small Business & Technol State N Rhine Westphalia, Germany, Rheinbraun, Germany, Aitemin, Spain, Ocicarbon, Spain, Univ Alcala Henares, Spain DE coal; beneficiation; biodepyritisation; slurry bioreactor ID BIOREACTORS AB The slurry column is a second-generation process developed at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) for the beneficiation of fine (60 mesh x 10 mu m) coal by a combination of the physical separation of mineral matter and the biooxidation of pyrite. The bioreactor is a slurry-type airlift, specifically designed to allow the large liberated inclusions of pyrite and other insoluble minerals to settle out. They are transferred to a similar reactor, called the rougher/propagator, that gives a second stage of physical separation, as well as the longer residence time for the biodegradation of the large pyritic inclusions and the associated bacterial growth. The bioreactors operate in sequencing-batch mode, and also serve as settlers for coal/water separation when the air is turned off. This separation allows counter-current flow of coal and water, which minimizes the volumes of water consumed and wastewater generated. The complete flow sheet incorporates two-stage washing to remove sulfate and bacteria from the product coal, and recycle of bacteria into the process to inoculate the feed coal. A description of the process illustrates some general principles applicable to the optimum design of any coal bioprocess. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Biotechnol Dept, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP Andrews, GF (reprint author), MMBD Consulting, 659 SW Willowbrook Dr, Gresham, OR 97080 USA. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3820 J9 FUEL PROCESS TECHNOL JI Fuel Process. Technol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 52 IS 1-3 BP 247 EP 266 DI 10.1016/S0378-3820(97)00033-7 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Applied; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YT370 UT WOS:000071595500024 ER PT J AU Brooks, JN Ruzic, DN Hayden, DB AF Brooks, JN Ruzic, DN Hayden, DB TI Sputtering erosion of beryllium coated plasma facing components - general considerations and analysis for ITER detached plasma regime SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE sputtering; erosion; beryllium; detached plasma ID DIVERTOR; TRANSPORT; REDEPOSITION; SURFACE; HYDROGEN; LIMITER AB Sputtering erosion is a key performance issue for beryllium coatings in future fusion reactors. Past analysis of this subject for various edge plasma regimes-as briefly reviewed here-shows acceptable erosion only for low duty factor devices. Erosion analysis is now focusing on a very low boundary temperature (less than or equal to 2 eV) 'detached plasma' regime for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Vertical Director design. Erosion and tritium codeposition calculations are made for this regime using a coupled WBC/REDEP/DEGAS(+) code analysis. The analysis includes calculations of low energy, oblique incidence, sputtering yields using the VFTRIM-3D code calibrated to fit recent data on D-Be sputtering. We find that beryllium performs better than carbon for detached conditions due to the absence of chemical sputtering. Beryllium performs worse than vanadium or tungsten. Net erosion rates of beryllium coated first wall components, due mainly to physical sputtering by charge exchange D-T neutrals, vary from similar to 0 to 2 cm per burn-year along the wall. Tritium co-deposition in redeposited beryllium surface layers may be high. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Brooks, JN (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 455 EP 463 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(97)00090-2 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA YN934 UT WOS:000071223400003 ER PT J AU McCarthy, KA Smolik, GR Anderl, RA Pawelko, RJ Oates, MA Wallace, RS AF McCarthy, KA Smolik, GR Anderl, RA Pawelko, RJ Oates, MA Wallace, RS TI Chemical reactivity and mobilization of beryllium exposed to steam SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article DE beryllium; fusion safety program; plasma; hydrogen AB Beryllium is used in many fusion reactor designs as either an armor for plasma facing surfaces, or as a neutron multiplier in the blanket. Beryllium used in a water-cooled design poses important safety issues related to the chemical reactivity of beryllium in steam and its toxicity. The Fusion Safely Program at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory has been investigating experimentally the chemical reactivity and mobilization of various forms of beryllium for the past 6 years. In this paper we present a summary of this work, including results from fully dense (irradiated and non-irradiated), plasma-sprayed, and 88% dense beryllium. Assembling this data helps us to assess where further testing is needed. Our data help guide designs such that accident temperatures stay below values necessary to ensure beryllium release limits and hydrogen generation limits are met. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Inc, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. RP McCarthy, KA (reprint author), Lockheed Martin Idaho Technol Inc, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, POB 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 543 EP 552 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(97)00095-1 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA YN934 UT WOS:000071223400008 ER PT J AU Watson, RD Youchison, DL Dombrowski, DE Guiniatouline, RN Kupriynov, IB AF Watson, RD Youchison, DL Dombrowski, DE Guiniatouline, RN Kupriynov, IB TI Low cycle thermal fatigue testing of beryllium SO FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN LA English DT Article ID ISX-B; JET; LIMITERS; PLASMA AB A novel technique has been used to test the relative low cycle thermal fatigue resistance of different grades of US and Russian beryllium, which is proposed as plasma facing armor for fusion reactor first wall, limiter and divertor components. The 30 kW electron beam test system at Sandia National Laboratories was used to sweep the beam spot along one direction at 1 Hz. This produces a localized temperature 'spike' of 750 degrees C for each pass of the beam. Large thermal stresses in excess of the yield strength are generated, due to very high spot heat flux, 250 MW m(-2). Cyclic plastic strains on the order of 0.6% produced visible cracking on the heated surface in less than 3000 cycles. An in-vacuo fiber optic borescope was used to visually inspect the beryllium surfaces for crack initiation. Grades of US beryllium tested included: S-65C, S-65H, S-200F, S200F-H, SR-200, I-400, extruded high purity, HIP'd spherical powder, porous beryllium (94 and 98% dense), Be/30% BeO, Be/60% BeO, and TiBe12. Russian grades included: TGP-56, TShGT, DShG-200, and TShG-56. Both the number of cycles to crack initiation and the depth of crack propagation, were measured. The most fatigue resistant grades were S-65C, DShG-200, TShGT and TShG-56. Rolled sheet Be (SR-200) showed excellent crack propagation resistance in the plane of rolling, despite early formation of delamination cracks. Only one sample showed no evidence of surface melting, Extruded (T). Metallographic and chemical analyses are provided. Good agreement was found between the measured depth of cracks and a 2-D elastic-plastic finite element stress analysis. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Brush Wellman Inc, Cleveland, OH 44110 USA. Efremov Inst, St Petersburg 189631, Russia. Russian Inst Inorgan Mat, Moscow 123060, Russia. RP Watson, RD (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS-1129, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Youchison, Dennis/0000-0002-7366-1710 NR 15 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0920-3796 J9 FUSION ENG DES JI Fusion Eng. Des. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 37 IS 4 BP 553 EP 579 DI 10.1016/S0920-3796(97)00051-3 PG 27 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA YN934 UT WOS:000071223400009 ER PT J AU Portone, A Albanese, R Gribov, YV Huguet, M Humphreys, DH Kessel, CE Mondino, PL Pearlstein, LD Wesley, JC AF Portone, A Albanese, R Gribov, YV Huguet, M Humphreys, DH Kessel, CE Mondino, PL Pearlstein, LD Wesley, JC TI Dynamic control of plasma position and shape in ITER SO FUSION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE plasma control; optimal control; tokamak modeling AB The methodology and the up-to-date results concerning the solution to the problem of plasma position and shape control in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) are presented. Attention is focused on the burn phase of the operation scenario, when the control objectives are particularly stringent. The aim is to control rtp to six distances (gaps) between the plasma separatrix and the plasma-facing components. The control algorithm is designed within a linear quadratic Gaussian optimal control framework. Linear and nonlinear simulations show the performance of the controller in the presence of plasma vertical position offsets, beta drops, and power supply voltage saturation. C1 UNIV REGGIO CALABRIA,I-89100 REGGIO CALABRIA,ITALY. GEN ATOM CO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. ITER JOINT CENT TEAM,SAN DIEGO JOINT WORK SITE,LA JOLLA,CA 92037. RP Portone, A (reprint author), ITER JOINT CENT TEAM,NAKA JOINT WORK SITE,801-1 MUKOUYAMA,NAKA,IBARAKI 31101,JAPAN. RI Albanese, Raffaele/B-5394-2016 OI Albanese, Raffaele/0000-0003-4586-8068 NR 13 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0748-1896 J9 FUSION TECHNOL JI Fusion Technol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 32 IS 3 BP 374 EP 389 PG 16 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA YF399 UT WOS:A1997YF39900005 ER PT J AU Hopkins, WA Mendonca, MT Congdon, JD AF Hopkins, WA Mendonca, MT Congdon, JD TI Increased circulating levels of testosterone and corticosterone in southern toads, Bufo terrestris, exposed to coal combustion waste SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; PLASMA-CORTISOL; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; RANA-CATESBEIANA; STRESS RESPONSE; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; CADMIUM; ALLIGATORS; ANDROGENS; SECRETION AB This study describes an interrenal stress response in adult toads, Bufo terrestris, after exposure to coal combustion waste (characterized by a variety of trace elements). In the first portion of this study, free-ranging male toads captured at the coal ash polluted site exhibited significantly higher circulating levels of corticosterone (B) in both June/July and August than conspecifics captured at uncontaminated sites. In addition, both calling and noncalling males from the polluted site had higher B levels than conspecifics engaged in the same behaviors at reference sites. Testosterone levels were elevated in toads from the polluted site, regardless of capture month or behavioral state, suggesting altered androgen production, utilization, and/or clearance. In the second portion of this study, male toads from reference sites were transplanted to enclosures at the polluted site or an uncontaminated site. Toads held at the polluted site exhibited significant increases in B after 10 days of exposure compared to toads held at the reference site. B levels remained significantly elevated in toads transplanted to the polluted site after 12 weeks. We hypothesize that high concentrations of various trace elements in the polluted site are responsible for these hormonal responses. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 AUBURN UNIV,DEPT ZOOL & WILDLIFE SCI,AUBURN,AL 36849. RP Hopkins, WA (reprint author), SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,PO DRAWER E,AIKEN,SC 29802, USA. NR 47 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 6 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 108 IS 2 BP 237 EP 246 DI 10.1006/gcen.1997.6969 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YF505 UT WOS:A1997YF50500007 PM 9356219 ER PT J AU Stoneking, M Fontius, JJ Clifford, SL Soodyall, H Arcot, SS Saha, N Jenkins, T Tahir, MA Deininger, PL Batzer, MA AF Stoneking, M Fontius, JJ Clifford, SL Soodyall, H Arcot, SS Saha, N Jenkins, T Tahir, MA Deininger, PL Batzer, MA TI Alu insertion polymorphisms and human evolution: Evidence for a larger population size in Africa SO GENOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MODERN HUMAN ORIGINS; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; FAMILY MEMBERS; MICROSATELLITES; REPEATS; IDENTIFICATION; AFFINITIES; SEQUENCES; BOOTSTRAP AB Alu insertion polymorphisms (polymorphisms consisting of the presence/absence of an Alu element at a particular chromosomal location) offer several advantages over other nuclear DNA polymorphisms for human evolution studies. First, they are typed by rapid, simple, PCR-based assays; second, they are stable polymorphisms-newly inserted Alu elements rarely undergo deletion; third, the presence of an Alu element represents identity by descent-the probability that different Alu elements would independently insert into the exact same chromosomal location is negligible; and fourth, the ancestral state is known with certainty to be the absence of an Alu element. We report here a study of 8 loci in 1500 individuals from 34 worldwide populations. African populations exhibit the most between-population differentiation, and the population tree is rooted in Africa; moreover, the estimated effective time of separation of African versus non-African populations is 137,000 +/- 15,000 years ago, in accordance with other genetic data. However, a principal coordinates analysis indicates that populations from Sahul (Australia and New Guinea) are nearly as close to the hypothetical ancestor as are African populations, suggesting that there was an early expansion of tropical populations of our species. An analysis of heterozygosity versus genetic distance suggests that African populations have had a larger effective population size than non-African populations. Overall, these results support the African origin of modern humans in that an earlier expansion of the ancestors of African populations is indicated. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, CTR HUMAN GENOME, BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. PENN STATE UNIV, DEPT ANTHROPOL, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. UNIV WITWATERSRAND, S AFRICAN INST MED RES, DEPT HUMAN GENET, ZA-2000 JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA. NATL UNIV SINGAPORE, DEPT PEDIAT, SINGAPORE 117548, SINGAPORE. INDIANAPOLIS MARION CTY FORENS SERV AGCY, INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46204 USA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, MED CTR, DEPT BIOCHEM & MOL BIOL, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70112 USA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, MED CTR, DEPT PATHOL, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70112 USA. LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, MED CTR, DEPT BIOMETRY & GENET, STANLEY S SCOTT CANC CTR, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70112 USA. ALTON OCHSNER MED FDN & OCHSNER CLIN, MOL GENET LAB, NEW ORLEANS, LA 70121 USA. OI Deininger, Prescott/0000-0002-1067-3028 FU NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG00770] NR 53 TC 252 Z9 258 U1 3 U2 19 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI COLD SPRING HARBOR PA 1 BUNGTOWN RD, COLD SPRING HARBOR, NY 11724 USA SN 1088-9051 J9 GENOME RES JI Genome Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1061 EP 1071 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA YH823 UT WOS:A1997YH82300006 PM 9371742 ER PT J AU Duell, T Wang, M Wu, J Kim, UJ Weier, HUG AF Duell, T Wang, M Wu, J Kim, UJ Weier, HUG TI High-resolution physical map of the immunoglobulin lambda variant gene cluster assembled by quantitative DNA fiber mapping SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article DE physical mapping; human genome; fluorescence in situ hybridization; DNA fiber mapping; chromosome 22; immunoglobulin lambda ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; LIGHT CHAIN LOCUS; HUMAN GENOME; V-LAMBDA; C-LAMBDA; YEAST; REGION; CONSTRUCTION; CHROMOSOMES; DELETION AB Quantitative DNA fiber mapping (QDFM) allows rapid construction of near-kilobase-resolution physical maps by hybridizing specific probes to individual stretched DNA molecules, We evaluated the utility of QDFM for the large-scale physical mapping of a rather unstable, repeat-rich 850-kb region encompassing the immunoglobulin lambda variant (IGLV) gene segments. We mapped a minimal tiling path composed of 32 cosmid clones to three partially overlapping yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones and determined the physical size of each clone, the extent of overlap between clones, and contig orientation, as well as the sizes of gaps between adjacent contigs. Regions of germline DNA for which we had no YAC coverage were characterized by cosmid to cosmid hybridizations. Compared to other methods commonly used for physical map assembly, QDFM is a rapid, versatile technique delivering unambiguous data necessary for map closure and preparation of sequence-ready minimal tiling paths. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV MUNICH,MED KLIN 3,D-81377 MUNICH,GERMANY. CALTECH,PASADENA,CA 91125. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 45 IS 3 BP 479 EP 486 DI 10.1006/geno.1997.4954 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA YF973 UT WOS:A1997YF97300001 PM 9367672 ER PT J AU Zhang, CL Liu, S Phelps, TJ Cole, DR Horita, J Fortier, SM Elless, M Valley, JW AF Zhang, CL Liu, S Phelps, TJ Cole, DR Horita, J Fortier, SM Elless, M Valley, JW TI Physiochemical, mineralogical, and isotopic characterization of magnetite-rich iron oxides formed by thermophilic iron-reducing bacteria SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-ISOTOPE; MAGNETOTACTIC BACTERIA; AUTHIGENIC MAGNETITE; METEORITE ALH84001; ORGANIC-MATTER; FERRIC IRON; SEDIMENTS; REDUCTION; MAGNETIZATION; FRACTIONATION AB Thermophilic (45-75 degrees C) iron-reducing bacteria obtained from two sedimentary basins in Virginia and Colorado, USA, reduced amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide to form magnetite-rich (>60% in most samples) iron oxides in acetate-or H-2/CO2-enriched cultures. The mineralogical compositions of the iron oxides were determined by X-ray diffraction and oxidation state analyses. Significantly lower Eh values (<-300 mV) occurred in the enrichment cultures than in the abiotic controls (Eh >-100 mV). The pH values in acetate-enriched cultures did not change significantly from the starting Value (similar to 7.2); however, pH values as high as 8.7 were found in the H-2/CO2-enriched cultures when abundant siderite was formed in addition to magnetite. The microbial production of magnetite and siderite was consistent, on a thermodynamic basis, with Eh-pH conditions determined for these experiments. Examination of the magnetite-rich iron oxides by scanning electron microscopy showed extracellular aggregates of <200 nm and no distinguishable increase in particle size over a period of 20 days. Average values of oxygen isotope fractionation between the magnetite-rich iron oxides (io) and water (wt), expressed as 10(3) ln alpha(io-wt), ranged from -0.09 parts per thousand at 50 degrees C to -1.08 parts per thousand at 70 degrees C. These Values did not differ significantly among various cultures of different growth rates, suggesting that a kinetic isotopic effect is either unimportant or reproducible during microbial magnetite formation. Results of this research indicate that studies combining microbial activity, solution chemistry, mineralogy, and oxygen isotopes can provide insight into the environmental conditions and mechanisms for biogenic iron mineral formation in natural systems. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV WISCONSIN,DEPT GEOL & GEOPHYS,MADISON,WI 53706. RI phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; Valley, John/B-3466-2011 OI Valley, John/0000-0003-3530-2722 NR 62 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD NOV PY 1997 VL 61 IS 21 BP 4621 EP 4632 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00257-3 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA YL369 UT WOS:A1997YL36900013 ER PT J AU Bessinger, BA Liu, Z Cook, NGW Myer, LR AF Bessinger, BA Liu, Z Cook, NGW Myer, LR TI A new fracturing mechanism for granular media SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CYLINDRICAL OPENINGS; DEFORMATION; BREAKOUTS; ROCK AB Borehole breakout experiments are performed on sintered glass bead bricks and a new microscale fracturing mechanism is described that results in a macroscopic fracture plane oriented perpendicular to the uniaxial compressive loading stress. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is used to inspect the fracture surfaces and it is found that fracture propagation occurs through a process of grain debonding and ejection from the sample. A two-dimensional boundary integral simulation models the effect of grain removal on subsequent fracturing by reducing the Young's modulus of failed grains, thereby allowing the compressive loading stress to be transferred to adjoining grains and grain contacts. It is found that this stress concentration is sufficient to induce additional grain failure and macroscopic fracture growth perpendicular to the applied load. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Bessinger, BA (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 13 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 21 BP 2605 EP 2608 DI 10.1029/97GL02740 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA YE985 UT WOS:A1997YE98500018 ER PT J AU Taranenko, Y RousselDupre, R AF Taranenko, Y RousselDupre, R TI High altitude discharges and gamma-ray flashes: A manifestation of runaway breakdown - Reply SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPRITES94 AIRCRAFT CAMPAIGN RP Taranenko, Y (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,XCM,MS F-645,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 21 BP 2645 EP 2646 DI 10.1029/97GL02810 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA YE985 UT WOS:A1997YE98500029 ER PT J AU Elliott, S Blake, DR Duce, RA Lai, CA McCreary, L McNair, LA Rowland, FS Russell, AG Streit, GE Turco, RP AF Elliott, S Blake, DR Duce, RA Lai, CA McCreary, L McNair, LA Rowland, FS Russell, AG Streit, GE Turco, RP TI Motorization of China implies changes in Pacific air chemistry and primary production SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNITED-STATES; SARGASSO SEA; ASIAN CITIES; OCEAN; POLLUTION; EMISSIONS; SULFUR AB The People's Republic of China, the world's most populous nation, is considering extensive development of its automotive transportation infrastructure. Upper limits to the associated pollution increases can be defined through scenarios with Western style vehicles and vehicle-to-person ratios. Here we construct estimates of fundamental changes to chemistry of the Pacific ocean/ atmosphere system through simple budgeting procedures. Regional increases in tropospheric ozone could reach tens of parts per billion. Observations/experiments suggest that enhanced nitrogen oxides will react with sea salt aerosols to yield chlorine atoms in the marine boundary layer. Nitrate deposition onto the open sea surface would support several percent of exported North Pacific carbon production. Transport of biologically active iron to surface waters may follow from increases in mineral dust and acid sulfate aerosols. Altered plankton ecodynamics will feed back into climate processes through sea to air flux of reduced sulfur gases and through carbon dioxide drawdown. C1 UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT CHEM,IRVINE,CA 92715. TEXAS A&M UNIV,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. GEORGIA INST TECHNOL,ATLANTA,GA 30332. UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,LOS ANGELES,CA 90025. RP Elliott, S (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Duce, Robert/A-9917-2010 NR 70 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 21 BP 2671 EP 2674 DI 10.1029/97GL02800 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA YE985 UT WOS:A1997YE98500036 ER PT J AU Vasco, DW Peterson, JE Lee, KH AF Vasco, DW Peterson, JE Lee, KH TI Ground-penetrating radar velocity tomography in heterogeneous and anisotropic media SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE ANISOTROPY; ELASTIC-ANISOTROPY; BODY WAVES AB A ray series solution for Maxwell's equations provides an efficient numerical technique for calculating wavefronts and raypaths associated with electromagnetic waves in anisotropic media. Using this methodology and assuming weak anisotropy, we show that a perturbation of the anisotropic structure may be related linearly to a variation in the traveltime of an electromagnetic wave. Thus, it is possible to infer lateral variations in the dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability matrices. The perturbation approach is used to analyze a series of crosswell ground-penetrating radar surveys conducted at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Several important geological features are imaged, including a rubble zone at the interface between two basalt hows. Linear low-velocity anomalies are imaged clearly and are continuous across well pairs. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Vasco, DW (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR COMPUTAT SEISMOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Vasco, Donald/I-3167-2016 OI Vasco, Donald/0000-0003-1210-8628 NR 38 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1758 EP 1773 DI 10.1190/1.1444276 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA YH641 UT WOS:A1997YH64100009 ER PT J AU Gabbard, A AF Gabbard, A TI Why worry? SO GEOTIMES LA English DT Letter RP Gabbard, A (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOLOGICAL INST PI ALEXANDRIA PA 4220 KING ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22302-1507 SN 0016-8556 J9 GEOTIMES JI Geotimes PD NOV PY 1997 VL 42 IS 11 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA YK102 UT WOS:A1997YK10200004 ER PT J AU McKay, LD Stafford, PL Toran, LE AF McKay, LD Stafford, PL Toran, LE TI EPM modeling of a field-scale tritium tracer experiment in fractured, weathered shale SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID SOLUTE TRANSPORT; POROUS-MEDIA; MATRIX DIFFUSION; ROCKS AB A 2D equivalent porous media (EPM) model was used to simulate transport of tritium for a field-scale tracer experiment in a fractured and highly weathered shale saprolite. The tritium plume was characterized by rapid migration of the leading edge of the plume (up to 0.4 m/day), slower movement of the center of mass of the tritium pulse (0.009 m/day) and very slow decline of concentrations in the ''tail'' of the breakthrough curve (which has persisted at the site for at least 16 years), The EPM model successfully described the shape of the plume and the breakthrough curves for a monitoring well 3.7 m downgradient of the injection well using a now velocity of 0.01 m/day and longitudinal and transverse dispersivity values of 0.8 m. An unusually low ratio of longitudinal and transverse dispersivity (alpha(L)/alpha(T) = 1) was needed to fit the nearly circular shape of the plume, which is believed to be caused by the water-table slope being perpendicular to the orientation of the prominent bedding plane fractures (which are expected to correspond to K-max). Simulated values for concentrations in the long ''tail'' of the breakthrough curve observed in a downgradient well were especially sensitive to the value of longitudinal dispersivity used. The best-fit simulation, based on data over a 5 year period, was extrapolated to the most recent data point (16 years after the start of the injection) and the simulated concentration was very close to the measured value. Model predictions made with a slightly different value of longitudinal dispersivity resulted in very large errors at late time, indicating that duration of monitoring data (which strongly influences the fitting of longitudinal dispersivity) is a critical factor in accurate prediction. The experiment and simulations show that contaminant plumes can persist for long periods of time in fractured porous materials, presumably due to diffusive exchange between the rapidly moving water in the fractures and the relatively immobile pore water in the fine-grained matrix. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP McKay, LD (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT GEOL SCI,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 35 IS 6 BP 997 EP 1007 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00172.x PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA YE247 UT WOS:A1997YE24700011 ER PT J AU Russell, JR Stabin, MG Sparks, RB AF Russell, JR Stabin, MG Sparks, RB TI Placental transfer of radiopharmaceuticals and dosimetry in pregnancy SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dosimetry, internal; pregnancy; nuclear medicine; radiation, medical ID BIODISTRIBUTION; GESTATION; AGENTS; DTPA AB The calculation of radiation dose estimates to the fetus is often important in nuclear medicine. To obtain the best estimates of radiation dose to the fetus, the best biological and physical models should be employed, In this paper the most recent data available on the placental crossover of many radiopharmaceuticals are presented, This information was used with standard kinetic models describing the maternal distribution and retention and with the best available physical models to obtain fetal dose estimates for these radiopharmaceuticals at all stages of pregnancy (presented in a separate paper), The literature yielded information on placental crossover of 15 radiopharmaceuticals, from animal or human data, From these data, radiation dose estimates were developed in early pregnancy and at 3, 6, and 9 mo gestation for these radiopharmaceuticals, as well as for many others used in nuclear medicine (the latter considering only maternal organ contributions to fetal dose). C1 HOLTEC INT, MARLTON, NJ 08053 USA. OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 65 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 73 IS 5 BP 747 EP 755 DI 10.1097/00004032-199711000-00002 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YB029 UT WOS:A1997YB02900002 PM 9378650 ER PT J AU Russell, JR Stabin, MG Sparks, RB Watson, E AF Russell, JR Stabin, MG Sparks, RB Watson, E TI Radiation absorbed dose to the embryo/fetus from radiopharmaceuticals SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dose, absorbed; pregnancy; radiation, medical; radiopharmaceuticals AB Radiation protection practice requires the knowledge of estimated absorbed radiation doses to aid in the understanding of the potential detriment of various exposures. In nuclear medicine, the radiation doses to the internal organs of the subject are commonly calculated using the MIRD methods and equations. The absorbed dose to the embryo or fetus has long been an area of concern. The recent release of the pregnant female phantom series, and its incorporation into the MIRDOSE 3 computer software, has made possible the estimation of absorbed doses from radionuclides in the body to the fetus in early pregnancy and at 3, 6, and 9 mo gestation. A survey of several major medical institutions was made to determine the radiopharmaceuticals which might he given, whether intentionally or not, to women of childbearing years. Biokinetic data for these radiopharmaceuticals were gathered from various documents and other resources, and the absorbed doses to the embryo and fetus at these different stages of gestation from radiations originating within the mother's organs were estimated. In addition, information about activity distributed within the placenta and fetus was included where quantitative data were available. These absorbed dose estimates can be used to evaluate the risk associated with the use of different radiopharmaceuticals so that a more informed evaluation of the risks and benefits of the different procedures may be made. Further research is needed into the mechanisms and quantitative aspects of the placental transfer of many radiopharmaceuticals. C1 HOLTEC INT, MARLTON, NJ 08053 USA. OAK RIDGE ASSOCIATED UNIV, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 17 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 73 IS 5 BP 756 EP 769 DI 10.1097/00004032-199711000-00003 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YB029 UT WOS:A1997YB02900003 PM 9378651 ER PT J AU Shyr, LJ Herrera, H Haaker, R AF Shyr, LJ Herrera, H Haaker, R TI A prioritization and analysis strategy for environmental surveillance results SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE environmental assessment; air sampling; soil; risk analysis AB DOE facilities are required to conduct environmental surveillance to verify that facility operations are operated within the approved risk envelope and have not caused undue risk to the public and the environment. Given a reduced budget, a strategy for analyzing environmental surveillance data was developed to set priorities for sampling needs. The radiological and metal data collected at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico, were used to demonstrate the analysis strategy. Sampling locations were prioritized for further investigation and the needs for routine sampling. The process of data management, analysis, prioritization, and presentation has been automated through a custom-designed computer tool. Data collected over years can be analyzed and summarized in a short table format for prioritization and decision making. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 73 IS 5 BP 826 EP 830 DI 10.1097/00004032-199711000-00012 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YB029 UT WOS:A1997YB02900012 PM 9378660 ER PT J AU Ding, WL Fritz, JS AF Ding, WL Fritz, JS TI Separation of basic proteins and peptides by capillary electrophoresis using a cationic surfactant SO HRC-JOURNAL OF HIGH RESOLUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE capillary electrophoresis; CTAB; dipeptides; enkephalins; proteins ID FUSED-SILICA CAPILLARIES; ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS; ELECTROOSMOTIC FLOW; EPOXY POLYMER; PERFORMANCE; ADSORPTION; BUFFERS; ELECTROENDOSMOSIS; COATINGS; BEHAVIOR AB Incorporation of a low concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in the running electrolyte is shown to dynamically coat the silica capillary and to reverse the direction of electroosmotic flow. The CTAB coating prevented interaction of proteins with the capillary surface and enabled sharp peaks to be obtained in the electropherograms. A systematic study of experimental parameters demonstrated the importance of selecting a suitable buffer electrolyte and an appropriate pH, Excellent separations were obtained for five proteins, three enkephalins, and six dipeptides with an efficiency of approximately 500,000 theoretical plates per meter. The method developed is very simple to perform and was found to give excellent reproducibility. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM,AMES,IA 50010. IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50010. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU DR ALFRED HUTHIG VERLAG GMBH PI HEIDELBERG 1 PA POSTFACH 102869, W-69018 HEIDELBERG 1, GERMANY SN 0935-6304 J9 HRC-J HIGH RES CHROM JI HRC-J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 20 IS 11 BP 575 EP 580 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA YH646 UT WOS:A1997YH64600001 ER PT J AU Leemans, WP Schoenlein, RW Volfbeyn, P Chin, AH Glover, TE Balling, P Zolotorev, M Kim, KJ Chattopadhyay, S Shank, CV AF Leemans, WP Schoenlein, RW Volfbeyn, P Chin, AH Glover, TE Balling, P Zolotorev, M Kim, KJ Chattopadhyay, S Shank, CV TI Interaction of relativistic electrons with ultrashort laser pulses: Generation of femtosecond X-rays and microprobing of electron beams SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID 90-DEGREES THOMSON SCATTERING; COMPTON-SCATTERING; SYNCHROTRON SOURCE; LINEAR COLLIDERS; RADIATION; PLASMAS; COMPACT; LIGHT; BUNCH AB The interaction of relativistic electrons with terawatt femtosecond laser pulses is reviewed with emphasis on how the scattering process can be used as a source of ultrashort X-ray pulses and as a time-resolved diagnostic for measuring transverse and longitudinal phase space distributions of an electron beam with microns spatial and subpicosecond temporal resolution, Recent experimental results are presented in which 90 degrees Thomson scattering was utilized to generate 300 fs duration pulses of X-rays with peak energy of 30 keV, It is shown that, through analysis of the scattered X-ray beam properties, transverse and longitudinal distributions of the electron beam can be obtained. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, DIV MAT SCI, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, DEPT PHYS, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, CTR BEAM PHYS, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RI Balling, Peter/D-8116-2013; Schoenlein, Robert/D-1301-2014 OI Balling, Peter/0000-0003-4955-770X; Schoenlein, Robert/0000-0002-6066-7566 NR 46 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 EI 1558-1713 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1925 EP 1934 DI 10.1109/3.641307 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA YC838 UT WOS:A1997YC83800004 ER PT J AU Wilks, SC Kruer, WL AF Wilks, SC Kruer, WL TI Absorption of ultrashort, ultra-intense laser light by solids and overdense plasmas SO IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS LA English DT Article ID HEATED-ELECTRON DISTRIBUTIONS; SUBPICOSECOND LASER; RESONANCE-ABSORPTION; INVERSE BREMSSTRAHLUNG; HARMONIC-GENERATION; PULSES; DENSITY; TEMPERATURE; SIMULATIONS; DYNAMICS AB Absorption mechanisms for ultra-intense (I > 10(17) W/cm(2)) laser pulses incident on solids and overdense plasma slabs are discussed, We focus on the ultrashort pulse regime, i.e., where the laser pulse length is only a few to perhaps thousands of femtoseconds. Starting from well-known results at low intensity and long pulse length, we begin with absorption mechanisms such as inverse Bremstrahlung and classical resonance absorption and survey several additional absorption mechanisms significant for ultrashort, ultra-intense laser light interacting with overdense plasmas, Estimates for the fraction of laser energy absorbed by various mechanisms are given, It is found that the fraction of energy absorbed by the plasma, and the resulting electron temperatures, can depend considerably on the scale length of the plasma at the critical surface, It is also found that two-dimensional (2-D) effects greatly increase the amount of absorption into hot electrons, over the amount predicted using one-dimensional (1-D) theory. The inclusion of kinetic effects, collisionless absorption, and multidimensional effects are crucial to obtaining a complete picture of the interaction, We also review some of the experimental efforts to understand this complex process of absorption. RP Wilks, SC (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 78 TC 246 Z9 251 U1 3 U2 33 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9197 J9 IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT JI IEEE J. Quantum Electron. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1954 EP 1968 DI 10.1109/3.641310 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA YC838 UT WOS:A1997YC83800007 ER PT J AU Emanuel, MA Skidmore, JA Jansen, M Nabiev, R AF Emanuel, MA Skidmore, JA Jansen, M Nabiev, R TI High-power InAlGaAs-GaAs laser diode emitting near 731 nm SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE laser biomedical applications; quantum-well lasers; semiconductor laser arrays; semiconductor lasers ID QUANTUM-WELL LASERS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; OPERATION; THRESHOLD; ARRAYS; GAIN AB High-power, reliable operation of an ZnAlGaAs-based laser diode structure emitting near 731 mm and having a strained InAlGaAs active region is described. Threshold currents for coated 100 mu m x 1000 mu m devices are 281 mA, and a peak power conversion efficiency of 41% is measured, Internal losses are measured to be 1.2 cm(-1). A system for fiber-coupling two-dimensional continuous-wave (CW) arrays of these devices is demonstrated. C1 COHERENT LASER GRP,SANTA CLARA,CA 95054. RP Emanuel, MA (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 20 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1451 EP 1453 DI 10.1109/68.634705 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA YB106 UT WOS:A1997YB10600009 ER PT J AU Panofsky, WKH AF Panofsky, WKH TI Degrees of defense effectiveness SO IEEE SPECTRUM LA English DT Article RP Panofsky, WKH (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9235 J9 IEEE SPECTRUM JI IEEE Spectr. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 34 IS 11 BP 74 EP 75 DI 10.1109/MSPEC.1997.632498 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YE083 UT WOS:A1997YE08300024 ER PT J AU Lin, YH Cunningham, GA Coggeshall, SV AF Lin, YH Cunningham, GA Coggeshall, SV TI Using fuzzy partitions to create fuzzy systems from input-output data and set the initial weights in a fuzzy neural network SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON FUZZY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE fuzzy control; fuzzy systems; neural networks ID ARCHITECTURE; CONTROLLERS; REGRESSION; TREES AB We create a set of fuzzy rules to model a system from input-output data by dividing the input space into a set of subspaces using fuzzy partitions, We create a fuzzy rule for each subspace as the input space is being divided, These rules are combined to produce a fuzzy rule based model from the input-output data, If more accuracy is required, we use the fuzzy rule-based model to determine the structure and set the initial weights in a fuzzy neural network, This network typically trains in a few hundred iterations, Our method is simple, easy, and reliable and it has worked well when modeling large ''real world'' systems. C1 NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL,DEPT ELECT ENGN,SOCORRO,NM 87801. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV APPL THEORET PHYS,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Lin, YH (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 32 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1063-6706 J9 IEEE T FUZZY SYST JI IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 5 IS 4 BP 614 EP 621 DI 10.1109/91.649913 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA YG004 UT WOS:A1997YG00400011 ER PT J AU Zinger, DS Muljadi, E AF Zinger, DS Muljadi, E TI Annualized wind energy improvement using variable speeds SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE/IAS Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Technical Conference CY MAY 12-14, 1997 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE, IAS DE variable speed; wind energy; wind turbine ID SCHEME AB To optimize the operation of a wind turbine, variable turbine speeds are desirable, To determine the advantages of a variable-speed turbine, the annualized energy production of the turbine needs to be considered. This is done by using a Rayleigh probability distribution to determine the number of hours of a particular wind speed which occur in a given year. This distribution is used with the aerodynamic power generated at a given average wind speed to determine the total energy generated during the year, The total energy for fixed-and variable-speed turbine control are compared, The variable-speed turbines show improved energy production over the constant-speed systems. C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB, NATL WIND TECHNOL CTR, GOLDEN, CO 80401 USA. RP Zinger, DS (reprint author), NO ILLINOIS UNIV, DEPT ELECT ENGN, DE KALB, IL 60115 USA. NR 9 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0093-9994 J9 IEEE T IND APPL JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 33 IS 6 BP 1444 EP 1447 DI 10.1109/28.649954 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YJ974 UT WOS:A1997YJ97400007 ER PT J AU Kavicky, JA Shahidehpour, SM AF Kavicky, JA Shahidehpour, SM TI Determination of generator siting and contract options based on interutility tie line flow impacts SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE power systems operations; transmission open access; parallel paths; distribution factors; data reduction AB Various aspects of system analysis are presently conducted by using an explicit scenario for each perturbation relative to a preestablished base case scenario. Observations presented in this study demonstrate that many single scenarios are often closely similar when distribution factors on interutility transmission ties are used to guide a scenario reduction technique. This process facilitates a reduction in the total number of scenarios needed to characterize a particular network configuration, while preserving their associated parallel path characteristics. This paper applies the technique to energy transactions and generator siting options using generator shift factors and suggests it can be used as an initial screening method for broad area assessment. C1 IIT,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,CHICAGO,IL 60616. RP Kavicky, JA (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DECIS & INFORMAT SCI DIV,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8950 J9 IEEE T POWER SYST JI IEEE Trans. Power Syst. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 12 IS 4 BP 1649 EP 1653 DI 10.1109/59.627871 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YD384 UT WOS:A1997YD38400037 ER PT J AU Fenouil, LA Lynn, S AF Fenouil, LA Lynn, S TI Design of entrained-flow and moving-, packed-, and fluidized-bed sorption systems: Grain-model kinetics for hot coal-gas desulfurization with limestone - Rebuttal SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Letter C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 36 IS 11 BP 5039 EP 5039 DI 10.1021/ie9708337 PG 1 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA YE918 UT WOS:A1997YE91800076 ER PT J AU Schonfelder, B Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Furtkamp, M AF Schonfelder, B Wolf, D Phillpot, SR Furtkamp, M TI Molecular-dynamics method for the simulation of grain-boundary migration SO INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE grain-boundary migration; grain-boundary diffusion; molecular-dynamics simulation ID INSITU OBSERVATIONS; METALS; DISLOCATIONS; DEPENDENCE; KINETICS; ENERGY AB A molecular-dynamics method for the simulation of the intrinsic migration behavior of individual, flat grain boundaries is introduced and validated. A constant driving force for grain-boundary migration is generated by imposing an anisotropic elastic strain on a bicrystal such that the elastic-energy densities in its two halves are different. For the model case of a large-planar-unit-cell, high-angle (001) twist boundary in Cu we show that an elastic strain of similar to 1%-4% is sufficient to drive the continuous, viscous movement of the boundary at temperatures well below the melting point. The driving forces thus generated (at the high end of the experimentally accessible range) enable a quantitative evaluation of the migration process during the time frame of 10(-9) s typically accessible by molecular-dynamics simulation. For this model high-angle grain boundary we demonstrate that (a) the drift velocity is, indeed, proportional to the applied driving force thus enabling us to determine the boundary mobility, (b) the activation energy for grain-boundary migration is distinctly lower than that for grain-boundary self-diffusion or even self-diffusion in the melt and (c) in agreement with earlier simulations the migration mechanism involves the collective reshuffling during local disordering (''melting'') of small groups of atoms and subsequent resolidification onto the other crystal. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN,INST MET KUNDE & MET PHYS,D-52056 AACHEN,GERMANY. RI Phillpot, Simon/J-9117-2012; OI Phillpot, Simon/0000-0002-7774-6535 NR 33 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 2 U2 25 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7056 J9 INTERFACE SCI JI Interface Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 5 IS 4 BP 245 EP 262 DI 10.1023/A:1008663804495 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YJ986 UT WOS:A1997YJ98600004 ER PT J AU Larson, DJ Liu, CT Miller, MK AF Larson, DJ Liu, CT Miller, MK TI Tungsten segregation in alpha(2)+gamma titanium aluminides SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE titanium aluminides; based on TiAl; segregation; phase composition; atom microprobe ID TIAL INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND; ALLOYS; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; OXYGEN; PHASE AB Atom probe field ion microscopy investigations of alpha(2)+gamma Ti-47%Al-2%Cr-1.8%Nb doped with 0.15% B and 0.2% W indicate that the tungsten segregates to both gamma/gamma and alpha(2)/gamma interfaces. The interfacial coverage of tungsten at a specific gamma/gamma interface was estimated to be 2.3% which yields a segregation enhancement factor of similar to 14. Initial results give no appreciable evidence of boron segregation to interphase interfaces. Interfacial segregation of tungsten supports the previous observation that tungsten additions stabilize the at lamellae against dissolution during aging. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. RP Larson, DJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD NOV PY 1997 VL 5 IS 7 BP 497 EP 500 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(97)00026-5 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YB279 UT WOS:A1997YB27900002 ER PT J AU Maziasz, PJ Alexander, DJ Wright, JL AF Maziasz, PJ Alexander, DJ Wright, JL TI High strength, ductility, and impact toughness at room temperature in hot-extruded FeAl alloys SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE iron aluminides (based on FeAl); fracture mode; fracture toughness; mechanical properties at ambient temperatures; microstructure ID ENVIRONMENTAL EMBRITTLEMENT; IRON ALUMINIDES; NICKEL; HARDNESS; BEHAVIOR AB Ingots and powders of FeAl alloys (Fe-36Al-0.5Mo-0.05Zr-0.13C (at%), base composition) were hot extruded at 900-1100 degrees C to produce fine or ultrafine grained materials. Ingot material (I/M) FeAl alloys with (100 or 210 appm) and without added boron extruded at 900 degrees C had fully recrystallized, fine-grained (35-50 mu m) microstructures and 8-10% tensile ductility in air. Boron microalloying also changed the fracture mode from intergranular to a more ductile transgranular quasicleavage mode. Charpy impact toughness tests measured an absorbed energy of 25 J in the boron-free I/M FeAl, and a much higher impact energy of 63J in the boron-doped I/M FeAl alloy. Intragranular microstructures of all these I/M FeAl alloys consisted of dislocation networks with some dislocation loops and no fine precipitates. Powder material (P/M) FeAl alloys were directly consolidated by hot extrusion at temperatures of 950, 1000, and 1100 degrees C. This processing produced complex microstructures of deformed remnant oxide 'envelopes' (950, 1000 degrees C) or stringers (1100 degrees C) structures related to the prior particle interfaces, and ultrafine recrystallized grain structures within those particles. P/M FeAl alloys extruded at 950 degrees C and 1000 degrees C had an ultrafine 2-4 mu m grain size, 12.5-15% elongation in air (21-29% in oxygen), and ductile-dimple fracture within the prior powder particles. Despite their ductility, these P/M FeAl alloys were also much stronger than I/M FeAl alloys (yield strength (YS) of 600-670 MPa compared to 410-435 Mpa, respectively). These P/M FeAl alloys also had high Charpy impact energies of 85-105 J. By contrast, P/M FeAl extruded at 1100 degrees C had slightly coarser grain size (9-13 mu m), had 9% elongation in air (11% in oxygen), had a more brittle mixture of intergranular fracture and transgranular cleavage, was weaker (YS of 500-520 MPa), and had lower impact energy (25J). The ultrafine-grained P/M FeAl alloys also have subtle differences in intragranular precipitate (ZrC) and dislocation (loops) components of the microstructure which may play a role in their excellent mechanical properties. 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. RP Maziasz, PJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV MET & CERAM, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. OI Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X NR 42 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD NOV PY 1997 VL 5 IS 7 BP 547 EP 562 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(97)00033-2 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YB279 UT WOS:A1997YB27900008 ER PT J AU Hessler, JP AF Hessler, JP TI The use of Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate kinetic data and analytic approximations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL KINETICS LA English DT Article ID UNIMOLECULAR RATE COEFFICIENTS; LEAST-SQUARES METHOD; ARRHENIUS PARAMETERS; INTERPOLATION FORMULAS; FALLOFF REGION; RATE CONSTANTS; GLOBAL FITS; RECOMBINATION; ERRORS; RANGE AB Experimental kineticists are always faced with the problem of reducing kinetic data to extract physically meaningful information. A particularly vexing problem arises when different models reproduce the data but yield different values for the physical parameters. For over forty-five years Monte Carlo simulation techniques have been used to study the statistical behavior of parameters extracted from data. Not only do these simulations provide realistic uncertainties, correlation coefficients, and confidence envelopes, but they also provide insight into the nature of the model. These insights may be obtained by viewing two-dimensional scatter plots of the fractional changes of the parameters and one-dimensional histograms of the distributions of the changes in the parameters. Monte Carlo simulations are illustrated with examples from OH + CH4 --> CH3 + H2O and the high-pressure rate coefficient for methyl-methyl association. A more complex problem involves models for pressure-dependent rate coefficients in the falloff region. We have modeled methyl-methyl association with five of the most current analytic approximations for behavior in the falloff region. Ail of these reproduce the data to within their uncertainties. However, when Monte Carlo techniques are applied the correlations between the parameters and the nonlinear nature of their behavior become evident. We postulate that the statistical behavior of the parameters of a model may be used to distinguish one model from another and, thereby, identify those analytic approximations that hold promise for further investigation and utilization. Finally, the recent advent of highspeed workstations implies that Monte Carlo simulations should become a routine part of the analysis of kinetic data. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP Hessler, JP (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0538-8066 J9 INT J CHEM KINET JI Int. J. Chem. Kinet. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 29 IS 11 BP 803 EP 817 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4601(1997)29:11<803::AID-KIN1>3.0.CO;2-Q PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YC115 UT WOS:A1997YC11500001 ER PT J AU Klippenstein, SJ AF Klippenstein, SJ TI Ab initio reaction path energetics for the CX dissociations of C6H5X+ with X = H, F, Cl, and Br SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE reaction path energetics; ab initio calculations; C6H5X+; benzene cation ID DEPENDENT MASS-SPECTRA; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; TIME-RESOLVED PHOTODISSOCIATION; MULTIPLE TRANSITION-STATES; UNIMOLECULAR DECAY-RATES; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; ION FRAGMENTATION; BREAKDOWN GRAPHS; BENZENE CATION; RATE CONSTANTS AB The energetics of the CX dissociations of C6H6+, C6H5F+, C6H5Cl+, C6H5Br+, and C10H8+ are investigated with various ab initio quantum chemical simulators. The primary focus is the determination of the energetics as a function of the CX bond length at the MP2 level for the C6H5X+ dissociation paths leading to the lowest energy products [C6H5+((1)A(1)) + X]. The bending force constants along this path are determined at either the HF or MP2 level. The absolute energetics of the various reactants and products are also studied at the MP2 and B3LYP levels including the dissociation of C10H8+. A combination of CCSD(T)/6-31G* and MP2/6-311G(2df,2p) calculations are employed in the determination of higher level estimates for the key reactants and products in the dissociation of the benzene cation. The key dissociation paths for this dissociation are also studied at a higher level (CASPT2). For the halogen-producing dissociations the energetics are investigated for each of the three separate orientations of the radical p-orbital in the halogen atom. The various results obtained illustrate the increasing strength of the long-range interactions for the progression from H to F to Cl to Br. Correspondingly, one expects the transition state to be more and more phase space theory like for this same progression. For the C-Br dissociation it seems very unlikely that short-range interactions will play any role in determining the reactive flux. In contrast, short-range repulsions are again expected to play an important role for the C-H dissociations in both C6H6+ and C10H8+. The present results also indicate the dominant importance of the singlet phenyl cation channel to the dissociation dynamics. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Theoret Chem Grp, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Klippenstein, SJ (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Chem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. OI Klippenstein, Stephen/0000-0001-6297-9187 NR 85 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 167 BP 235 EP 257 DI 10.1016/S0168-1176(97)00080-3 PG 23 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA ZB778 UT WOS:000072507100023 ER PT J AU Chupka, WA Klots, CE AF Chupka, WA Klots, CE TI Radiative energy loss from hot C-60 molecules SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE radiation; black-body; unimolecular reactions ID GAS-PHASE; C60 BUCKMINSTERFULLERENE; RATE CONSTANTS; ABSORPTION; C-70; FULLERENE; EMISSION; SPECTRA; FLUORESCENCE; TRANSITIONS AB Radiative energy-loss rates from isolated molecules of C-60 are examined by using both measured oscillator strengths and modified black-body models. At energies where radiative cooling might compete with dissociation, we find that vibrational emission is negligible in comparison with the dominant electronic emission. We also find that a black-body model in its usual form greatly overestimates the radiative energy-loss rate. When more completely implemented, it draws upon precisely the same information and becomes identical with an oscillator treatment, and so has no contribution to make in estimating radiative energy losses. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Phys Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Chem, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Klots, CE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Phys Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 167 BP 595 EP 603 DI 10.1016/S0168-1176(97)00099-2 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA ZB778 UT WOS:000072507100048 ER PT J AU Matt, S Echt, O Worgotter, R Scheier, P Klots, CE Mark, TD AF Matt, S Echt, O Worgotter, R Scheier, P Klots, CE Mark, TD TI Relative dissociation energies of singly and doubly charged fullerene ions, C-n(z+), for n = 52 to 70 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE fullerene ions; dissociation energy; appearance energy ID ELECTRON-IMPACT IONIZATION; FRAGMENT IONS; THERMIONIC EMISSION; APPEARANCE ENERGIES; THERMAL-STABILITY; CARBON CLUSTERS; MAGIC NUMBER; C-60; C-70; REACTIVITY AB Relative activation energies for dissociation of fullerene ions C-n(z+) into C-n-2(z+) + C-2 have been determined for z = 1 and 2, covering the size range 52 less than or equal to n less than or equal to 70. These data are derived from measured appearance energies of fragment ions, obtained by electron impact ionization of C-70, With the help of the finite heat bath theory. The present results are compared With experimental and theoretical values for C-2 loss reported in the literature. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Leopold Franzens Univ, Inst Ionenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Phys, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Hlth Sci Res Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mark, TD (reprint author), Leopold Franzens Univ, Inst Ionenphys, Technikerstr 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RI Mark, Tilmann/J-1650-2014; Scheier, Paul/E-3088-2010 NR 59 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 167 BP 753 EP 759 DI 10.1016/S0168-1176(97)00135-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA ZB778 UT WOS:000072507100062 ER PT J AU Mitchell, DW Smith, RD AF Mitchell, DW Smith, RD TI Two dimensional many particle simulation of trapped ions SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE non-neutral plasma; Fourier transform mass spectrometry; ion trap; plasma simulation ID RESONANCE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CYCLIC REDUCTION; PENNING TRAP; IMAGE CHARGE; PLASMAS; ALGORITHM; SIGNAL; TRAJECTORIES; POSITION AB This work describes the implementation of the particle-in-cell simulation method with Monte-Carlo Langevin and hard sphere ion-neutral collisions in our two dimensional Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate system codes. The particle-in-cell method efficiently and accurately solves complex dynamics involving many interacting particles. In our case 'many' means simulation runs with thousands to tens of thousands of Coulombically interacting particles on a workstation. In addition, the image charge induced on the device electrodes, which is required for self-consistency in order to make the electrodes equipotentials, is incorporated with this method. For an azimuthally symmetric confinement geometry and charge distribution, results using the two dimensional cylindrical (rz) particle simulator are identical to full three-dimensional simulations, by symmetry. These codes are applied to a number of examples which are relevant to trapped ion mass spectrometry in order to demonstrate their utility. Computer experiments are carried out to study the maximum number of ions which can be confined and equilibrium cloud shapes in cylindrical ICR traps, ion cloud collisional cooling in a combined trap, merger of two off-axis charge columns, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in ring-shaped initial distributions, Vortex crystallization, and image charge detection of coherent cyclotron motion. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,MS P8-19, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 165 BP 271 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S0168-1176(97)00170-5 PG 27 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA YN055 UT WOS:000071128600028 ER PT J AU Tolic, LP Anderson, GA Smith, RD Brothers, HM Spindler, R Tomalia, DA AF Tolic, LP Anderson, GA Smith, RD Brothers, HM Spindler, R Tomalia, DA TI Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometric characterization of high molecular mass Starburst (TM) dendrimers SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE FT-ICR; electrospray ionization; dendrimers; polymers; antibodies ID TIME-OF-FLIGHT; NEUTRON-CAPTURE THERAPY; WEIGHT DETERMINATION; RESOLUTION; IMMUNOASSAYS; ACCUMULATION; FLEXIBILITY; PRODUCTS; GROWTH; 50-MER AB A series of Starburst (TM) polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, built from a tetrafunctional ethylenediamine (EDA) core, generations 1 to 10 (G1-G10), and covering a wide range of charge state distributions (i.e. from m/z similar to 500 to m/z similar to 15000), have been investigated by electrospray ionization (ESI) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry. High resolution mass spectra for lower generation dendrimers (G1, M-r similar to 1429 u to G5, M-r similar to 28825 u) allowed characterization of the polydispersity of these systems, providing a basis for improving synthetic strategies and characterizing surface-modified dendrimers. The relationship between charge state in the gas phase and molecular mass of these spherical macromolecules is reported and used to estimate the stoichiometry of a G5 PAMAM dendrimer - polyclonal rabbit IgG immunoconjugate. The results presented herein represent the highest molecular mass species yet detected by FT-ICR MS with the exception of measurements based upon individual ion detection. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Michigan Mol Inst, Midland, MI 48640 USA. RP Smith, RD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, POB 999,Mail Stop P8-19, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 56 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 165 BP 405 EP 418 DI 10.1016/S0168-1176(97)00161-4 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA YN055 UT WOS:000071128600037 ER PT J AU Stephenson, JL McLuckey, SA AF Stephenson, JL McLuckey, SA TI Ion-ion proton transfer reactions of multiply-charged oligonucleotide cations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE oligonucleotide; quadrupole ion trap; multiply-charged cations; ion-ion reactions ID ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE; IONIZATION; TRAP; DUPLEX; ANIONS; PRINCIPLES; COMPLEXES; PROTEINS AB Multiply-charged cations derived from the positive ion electrospray of the oligonucleotide 5'-d(CT-TAGCGCTAAG)-3' were subjected to reactions with the (M-CF3)(-) and (M-F)(-) anions derived from perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane in a quadrupole ion trap. Both single strand ions and double strand ions formed from the self-complementary oligonucleotide were studied. In analogy with the reactions of multiply-protonated proteins with the same anions, no adduct formation was observed and the data were consistent with exclusive proton transfer. No evidence for fragmentation was observed for either the single strand ions or the double strand ions, although a small degree of fragmentation of the latter species could not be precluded based on these results alone. The simple and well-defined chemistry associated with the ion-ion reactions of oligonucleotide cations with anions derived from PDCH is desirable for the charge-state manipulation of moderately-sized oligomers (up to roughly 100 residues) because PDCH anions possess a number of desirable characteristics for the production and storage of ion/ion reaction products with mass-to-charge ratios in the tens of thousands. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP McLuckey, SA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Stephenson, James/A-9262-2009; McLuckey, Scott/B-2203-2009 OI McLuckey, Scott/0000-0002-1648-5570 NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 165 BP 419 EP 431 DI 10.1016/S0168-1176(97)00176-6 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA YN055 UT WOS:000071128600038 ER PT J AU Brooks, AL Bao, S Harwood, PW Wood, BH Chrisler, WB Khan, MA Gies, RA Cross, FT AF Brooks, AL Bao, S Harwood, PW Wood, BH Chrisler, WB Khan, MA Gies, RA Cross, FT TI Induction of micronuclei in respiratory tract following radon inhalation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEEP-LUNG FIBROBLASTS; CO-60 GAMMA-RAYS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; IN-VIVO; DAUGHTER DOSIMETRY; RESIDENTIAL RADON; WISTAR RAT; CELLS; EXPOSURE; PROGENY AB Male Wistar rats were exposed to radon and its progeny (0.0, 60, 262 and 564 working level months, WLM), and the frequency of micronuclei was determined in deep lung fibroblasts, and deep lung, trachea and nasal epithelial cells with slopes of 0.28, 0.67, 0.34 and 0.11 micronuclei/1000 binucleated cells/WLM respectively. Micronuclei in deep lung fibroblasts, isolated and cultured using two methods and media, demonstrated no differences in slopes. Biological damage was used as a biodosimeter to calculate the relationship between dosimetric units: alpha particle traversals or 'nuclear hits', dose in mGy and exposure in WLM. The estimated number of nuclear alpha traversals/Gy was 6.3. Radon exposure to 170 WLM resulted in the same frequency of micronuclei in deep lung epithelial cells as produced by one alpha hit/cell nucleus. Absorbed dose/unit of exposure (mGy/WLM) was estimated assuming the damage was related to absorbed dose or to changes in cell sensitivity and ranged from 1.13 to 1.34 for deep lung epithelial cells, 0.47 to 1.09 for deep lung fibroblasts, 0.34 to 0.67 for tracheal epithelial cells and 0.18 to 0.33 for nasal epithelial cells. Biological dosimetry can be used to relate exposure to damage, compare dosimetric units and validate physical dosimetry models. This approach can be applied to any inhaled material capable of producing biological damage. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,US TRANSURANIUM & URANIUM REGISTRIES,RICHLAND,WA 99352. ASSOCIATED WESTERN UNIV,PNNL,RICHLAND,WA 99352. PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,RICHLAND,WA 99352. PRINCESS MARGARET HOSP,TORONTO,ON M4X 1K9,CANADA. RP Brooks, AL (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. RI WSU, USTUR/I-1056-2013 NR 42 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 72 IS 5 BP 485 EP 495 PG 11 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YE587 UT WOS:A1997YE58700001 PM 9374428 ER PT J AU Forrestal, MJ Tzou, DY AF Forrestal, MJ Tzou, DY TI A spherical cavity-expansion penetration model for concrete targets SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article ID NOSE RODS; POLYCARBONATE; PROJECTILES AB We developed a spherical, cavity-expansion penetration model for concrete targets. Target constitutive-descriptions idealized pressure-volumetric strain as incompressible or linear compressible and idealized shear strength-pressure as Mohr-Coulomb with a tension cutoff. We showed these idealized material descriptions were reasonable approximations to triaxial material data. Predictions from the compressible penetration model are in good agreement with depth of penetration data for a 30.5-mm-diameter, 1.60 kg, ogive-nose, rod projectile for striking velocities to 1100 m/s. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT MECH & AEROSP ENGN,COLUMBIA,MO 65211. RP Forrestal, MJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 23 TC 88 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 34 IS 31-32 BP 4127 EP 4146 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(97)00017-6 PG 20 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA YB694 UT WOS:A1997YB69400004 ER PT J AU Ambrosius, SL Freund, RF Scott, SL Siegel, HJ AF Ambrosius, SL Freund, RF Scott, SL Siegel, HJ TI Work-based performance measurement and analysis of virtual heterogeneous machines SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Presented here is a set of methods and tools developed to provide transportable measurements of performance in heterogeneous networks of machines operating together as a single virtual heterogeneous machine (VHM). The methods are work-based rather than time-based, and yield significant analytic information. A technique for normalizing the measure of useful work performed across a heterogeneous network is proposed and the reasons for using a normalized measure are explored It is shown that work-based performance measures are better than time-based ones because they may be (1) taken while a task is currently executing on a machine; (2) taken without interrupting production operation of the machine network; (3) used to compare disparate tasks, and (4) used to perform second-order analysis of machine network operation. This set of performance tools has been used to monitor the utilization of high-performance computing networks, provide feedback on algorithm design and determine the veracity of computing performance models. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. PURDUE UNIV, SCH ELECT & COMP ENGN, PARALLEL PROC LAB, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. RP NAVAL COMMAND, CONTROL & OCEAN SURVEILLANCE CTR, SAN DIEGO, CA 92152 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7721 EI 1464-5319 J9 INT J SYST SCI JI Int. J. Syst. Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1057 EP 1067 DI 10.1080/00207729708929468 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Operations Research & Management Science SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science GA YH719 UT WOS:A1997YH71900004 ER PT J AU Kisielowski, C Liliental-Weber, Z Nakamura, S AF Kisielowski, C Liliental-Weber, Z Nakamura, S TI Atomic scale indium distribution in a GaN/In0.43Ga0.57N/Al0.1Ga0.9N quantum well structure SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS PART 1-REGULAR PAPERS SHORT NOTES & REVIEW PAPERS LA English DT Article DE GaN; HRTEM; quantum wells; segregation ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; POINT-DEFECTS; SEGREGATION; GAAS AB Quantitative high resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM) is used to map the indium distribution in a GaN/In0.43Ga0.57N/Al0.1Ga0.9N quantum well at the atomic scale. Samples with atomically flat surfaces were prepared for microscopy by anisotropic chemical etching. The developed preparation procedure minimizes a possible confusion of thickness variations with local compositional fluctuations in the lattice images. An irregular distribution of indium is observed that is attributed to the formation of clusters with estimated diameters of 1-2 nm. The indium concentration gradient across GaN/In0.43Ga0.57N interfaces is measured to extend typically over a distance of 1nm. It is more than twice as large across the In0.43Ga0.57N/Al0.1Ga0.9N interface. Indium segregation into the Al0.1Ga0.9N layer during crystal growth is likely to cause this unusual large width of the In0.43Ga0.57N/Al0.1Ga0.9N interfaces. This introduces an asymmetric In distribution across the quantum well with respect to the growth direction. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Nichia Chem Ind Ltd, R&D Dept, Tokushima 774, Japan. RP Kisielowski, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Mineral Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 16 TC 124 Z9 126 U1 3 U2 18 PU JAPAN J APPLIED PHYSICS PI MINATO-KU TOKYO PA DAINI TOYOKAIJI BLDG 24-8 SHINBASHI 4-CHOME, MINATO-KU TOKYO, 105, JAPAN SN 0021-4922 J9 JPN J APPL PHYS 1 JI Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Part 1 - Regul. Pap. Short Notes Rev. Pap. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 36 IS 11 BP 6932 EP 6936 DI 10.1143/JJAP.36.6932 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YN475 UT WOS:000071172300068 ER PT J AU McFarlane, HF AF McFarlane, HF TI An update SO JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY LA English DT Letter C1 Argonne Natl Lab W, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP McFarlane, HF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab W, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1047-4838 J9 JOM-J MIN MET MAT S JI JOM-J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 49 IS 11 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Mineralogy; Mining & Mineral Processing GA 114QQ UT WOS:000075620700001 ER PT J AU Vilk, YM Tremblay, AMS AF Vilk, YM Tremblay, AMS TI Non-perturbative many-body approach to the Hubbard model and single-particle pseudogap SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE I LA English DT Review ID MEAN-FIELD-THEORY; ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONDUCTORS; COHERENCE LENGTH SUPERCONDUCTORS; FLUCTUATING ELECTRON-SYSTEMS; SPECTRAL WEIGHT FUNCTION; FERMI-LIQUID BEHAVIOR; WEAK-COUPLING THEORY; SLAVE-BOSON APPROACH; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; SHORT-RANGE ORDER AB A new approach to the single-band Hubbard model is described in the general context of many-body theories. It is based on enforcing conservation laws, the Pauli principle and a number of crucial sum-rules. More specifically, spin and charge susceptibilities are expressed, in a conserving approximation, as a function of two irreducible vertices whose values are found by imposing the local Pauli principle [n(up arrow)(2)] = [n(up arrow)] as well as the local-moment sum-rule ana consistency with the equations of motion in a local-field approximation. The Mermin-Wagner theorem in two dimensions is automatically satisfied. The effect of collective modes on single-particle properties is then obtained by a paramagnon-like formula that is consistent with the two-particle properties in the sense that the potential energy obtained from Tr Sigma G is identical to that obtained using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem for susceptibilities. Since there is no Migdal theorem controlling the effect of spin and charge fluctuations on the self-energy, the required vertex corrections are included. It is shown that the theory is in quantitative agreement with Monte Carlo simulations for both single-particle and two-particle properties. The theory predicts a magnetic phase diagram where magnetic order persists away from half-filling but where ferromagnetism is completely suppressed. Both quantum-critical and renormalized-classical behavior can occur in certain parameter ranges. It is shown that in the renormalized classical regime, spin fluctuations lead to precursors of antiferromagnetic bands (shadow bands) and to the destruction of the Fermi-liquid quasiparticles in a wide temperature range above the zero-temperature phase transition. The upper critical dimension for this phenomenon is three. The analogous phenomenon of pairing pseudogap can occur in the attractive model in two dimensions when the pairing fluctuations become critical. Simple analytical expressions for the self-energy are derived in both the magnetic and pairing pseudogap regimes. Other approaches, such as paramagnon, self-consistent fluctuation exchange approximation (FLEX), and pseudo-potential parquet approaches are critically compared. In particular, it is argued that the failure of the FLEX approximation to reproduce the pseudogap and the precursors AFM bands in the weak coupling regime and the Hubbard bands in the strong coupling regime is due to inconsistent treatment of vertex corrections in the expression for the self-energy. Treating the spin fluctuations as if there was a Migdal's theorem can lead not only to quantitatively wrong results but also to qualitatively wrong predictions, in particular with regard to the single-particle pseudogap. C1 UNIV SHERBROOKE,DEPT PHYS,SHERBROOKE,PQ J1K 2R1,CANADA. UNIV SHERBROOKE,CTR RECH PHYS SOLIDE,SHERBROOKE,PQ J1K 2R1,CANADA. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 125 TC 220 Z9 220 U1 2 U2 26 PU EDITIONS PHYSIQUE PI LES ULIS CEDEX PA Z I DE COURTABOEUF AVE 7 AV DU HOGGAR, BP 112, 91944 LES ULIS CEDEX, FRANCE SN 1155-4304 J9 J PHYS I JI J. Phys. I PD NOV PY 1997 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1309 EP 1368 PG 60 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YE369 UT WOS:A1997YE36900003 ER PT J AU Lal, J Sinha, SK Auvray, L AF Lal, J Sinha, SK Auvray, L TI Structure of polymer chains confined in Vycor SO JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE II LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CONTROLLED-PORE GLASSES; DIRECT ENERGY-TRANSFER; POROUS-GLASS; RANDOM-MEDIA; PHASE-SEPARATION; DENSITY PROFILE; DIFFUSION; POLYSTYRENE; GEOMETRIES AB We observe by Small Angle Neutron Scattering the structure of polystyrene chains in semi-dilute solutions confined in a model porous medium, Vycor. The size of the free chains in solution is always larger than the pore diameter, 70 Angstrom. The use of a suitable mixture of hydrogenated and deuterated solvents and polymers enables us to measure directly the form factor of one single chain among the others. The penetration of the chains in the porous medium is almost complete for the concentration (Phi = 20%) and the range of molecular weight (35 000 < M-w < 800 000) used. The radius of gyration of the confined chains is always smaller than the radius of gyration of the free chains in the equivalent bulk solution. Our measurements are in agreement with the theoretical predictions established by Daoud and de Gennes for chains confined in a cylindrical pore when the chains are entangled and laterally squeezed but remain ideal at large scale along the cylinder axis because of the screening of the excluded volume interactions (so-called regime of ''semi-dilute cigars''). The values of the partition coefficient of the chains between the porous medium and the free solution and the asymptotic behavior of the structure factors indicate that polystyrene adsorbs onto the bare surface of Vycor. We show that silanizing Vycor suppresses this adsorption. C1 CTR ETUD SACLAY, CEA CNRS, LAB LEON BRILLOUIN, F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE, FRANCE. ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. RI Auvray, Loic/J-7577-2012 OI Auvray, Loic/0000-0003-1736-5578 NR 44 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 8 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 1155-4312 J9 J PHYS II JI J. Phys. II PD NOV PY 1997 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1597 EP 1615 PG 19 WC Mechanics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Mechanics; Physics GA YG285 UT WOS:A1997YG28500004 ER PT J AU Maring, GH Wiseman, BJ Myers, KS AF Maring, GH Wiseman, BJ Myers, KS TI Using the World Wide Web to build learning communities: Writing for genuine purposes SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT & ADULT LITERACY LA English DT Article C1 LOCKHEED MARTIN IDAHO TECHNOL,IDAHO FALLS,ID. RP Maring, GH (reprint author), WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,DEPT TEACHING & LEARNING,PULLMAN,WA 99164, USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT READING ASSOC PI NEWARK PA 800 BARKSDALE RD P O BOX 8139, NEWARK, DE 19714 SN 1081-3004 J9 J ADOLESC ADULT LIT JI J. Adolesc. Adult Lit. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 41 IS 3 BP 196 EP 207 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research SC Education & Educational Research GA YB137 UT WOS:A1997YB13700004 ER PT J AU Jiang, JS Pearson, J Hinks, D Bader, SD AF Jiang, JS Pearson, J Hinks, D Bader, SD TI Effect of mechanical processing on giant magnetoresistance in melt-spun Co-Cu ribbons SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ALLOYS AB We have investigated the effect of uniaxial deformation on the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect in melt-spun Co-Cu ribbons. Postprecipitation deformation does not affect the Co particles, but the mechanical processing increases the structural disorder and the resistivity; thus the GMR effect is degraded. Deforming the metastable alloy prior to precipitation of the Co particles possibly affects the particle nucleation process. As a result, the low-field sensitivity of the GMR effect increases slightly. [S0021-8979(97)09221-9]. RP Jiang, JS (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Bader, Samuel/A-2995-2013 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 9 BP 4435 EP 4438 DI 10.1063/1.366172 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YE458 UT WOS:A1997YE45800050 ER PT J AU Seager, CH Tallant, DR Warren, WL AF Seager, CH Tallant, DR Warren, WL TI Cathodoluminescence, reflectivity changes, and accumulation of graphitic carbon during electron beam aging of phosphors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RAMAN AB We demonstrate that extended e-beam exposure produces a contaminating overlayer on phosphors whose opacity increases roughly linearly with time. Raman scattering data and optical analysis indicate that this layer is graphitic in nature, arising from the electron-beam-stimulated conversion of hydrocarbons adsorbed from the vacuum ambient. The presence of this contamination optically attenuates emitted cathodoluminescence, prevents many low energy electrons from ever reaching the phosphor grains, and exacerbates surface charging which reduces the arrival energy of electrons above 1.5-2 keV. All of these effects are shown to impact cathodoluminescent output in an important way, but an accurate accounting of their total impact will be required to assess the importance of other degradation mechanisms like enhanced nonradiative electron-hole recombination at surfaces, both carbon and noncarbon related. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(97)07521-X]. RP Seager, CH (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 9 BP 4515 EP 4519 DI 10.1063/1.366186 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YE458 UT WOS:A1997YE45800066 ER PT J AU Zhou, D Krauss, AR Qin, LC McCauley, TG Gruen, DM Corrigan, TD Chang, RPH Gnaser, H AF Zhou, D Krauss, AR Qin, LC McCauley, TG Gruen, DM Corrigan, TD Chang, RPH Gnaser, H TI Synthesis and electron field emission of nanocrystalline diamond thin films grown from N-2/CH4 microwave plasmas SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-DEPOSITED DIAMOND; NITROGEN AB Nanocrystalline diamond films have been synthesized by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using N-2/CH4 as the reactant gas without additional H-2. The nanocrystalline diamond phase has been identified by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses. High resolution secondary ion mass spectroscopy has been employed to measure incorporated nitrogen concentrations up to 8 X 10(20) atoms/cm(3). Electron field emission measurements give an onset field as low as 3.2 V/mu m. The effect of the incorporated nitrogen on the field emission characteristics of the nanocrystalline films is discussed. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-8979(97)02821-1]. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV MAT SCI, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, EVANSTON, IL 60208 USA. UNIV KAISERSLAUTERN, DEPT PHYS, D-67663 KAISERSLAUTERN, GERMANY. RI Chang, R.P.H/B-7505-2009 NR 24 TC 171 Z9 179 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 82 IS 9 BP 4546 EP 4550 DI 10.1063/1.366190 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YE458 UT WOS:A1997YE45800071 ER PT J AU Khudyakov, I Wolk, CP AF Khudyakov, I Wolk, CP TI hetC, a gene coding for a protein similar to bacterial ABC protein exporters, is involved in early regulation of heterocyst differentiation in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; CYANOBACTERIUM ANABAENA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; NITROGEN-FIXATION; PCC-7120; EXPRESSION; BINDING; FAMILY; COMPETENCE; MUTANTS AB Transposon-generated mutant C3 of Anabaena sp, strain PCC 7120 is unable to form heterocysts upon deprivation of combined nitrogen but forms a pattern of spaced, weakly fluorescent cells after 2 days of deprivation, Sequence analysis of chromosomal DNA adjacent to the ends of transposon Tn5-1058 in mutant C3 showed a 1,044-amino-acid open reading frame, designated hetC, whose predicted protein product throughout its C-terminal two-thirds has extensive similarity to the HlyB family of bacterial protein exporters, Its N-terminal third is unique and does not resemble any known protein, hetC lies 1,165 bp 5' from the previously described gene hetP. Reconstruction of the C3 mutation and its complementation in trans with a wild-type copy of hetC confirmed that hetC has an essential regulatory role early in heterocyst development. hetC is induced ca. 4 h after nitrogen stepdown, hours after induction of hetR, Expression of hetC depends on HetR and may depend on HetC, Highly similar sequences are present 5' from the initiation codons and in the 3' untranslated regions of hetC and of two heterocyst-specific genes, devA and hetP. C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,MSU DOE PLANT RES LAB,E LANSING,MI 48824. ST PETERSBURG STATE UNIV,INST BIOL,MICROBIOL LAB,ST PETERSBURG 198904,RUSSIA. NR 56 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 179 IS 22 BP 6971 EP 6978 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA YG075 UT WOS:A1997YG07500014 PM 9371442 ER PT J AU Close, MJ Howlett, AR Roskelley, CD Desprez, PY Bailey, N Rowning, B Teng, CT Stampfer, MR Yaswen, P AF Close, MJ Howlett, AR Roskelley, CD Desprez, PY Bailey, N Rowning, B Teng, CT Stampfer, MR Yaswen, P TI Lactoferrin expression in mammary epithelial cells is mediated by changes in cell shape and actin cytoskeleton SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mammary epithelium; lactoferrin; cell shape; cytoskeleton; extracellular matrix; mRNA stability ID RECONSTITUTED BASEMENT-MEMBRANE; CASEIN GENE-EXPRESSION; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; FUNCTIONAL-DIFFERENTIATION; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION; GROWTH; FIBRONECTIN; MORPHOGENESIS; COMPONENTS; PROTEIN AB Lactoferrin is a secreted iron binding protein which is expressed during normal functional development of mammary epithelium. Murine mammary epithelial cell lines competent for milk protein expression were used to identify microenvironmental factors that regulate lactoferrin expression. While lactoferrin was not expressed in adherent monolayer cultures under standard subconfluent conditions on plastic, lactoferrin mRNA and protein steadily accumulated when the cells aggregated to form spheroids on a reconstituted basement membrane gel. However, unlike other milk proteins such as beta-casein, lactoferrin expression was also induced at high cell density in the absence of exogenously added basement membrane or prolactin. These results led us to examine whether changes in cell growth, cell-cell interactions and/or cell shape were responsible for regulation of lactoferrin gene expression. Rounded, non-proliferating cells in suspension in serum-free medium expressed lactoferrin even as single cells. Conversely, lactoferrin expression could be inhibited in non-proliferative cells in serum-free medium by maintaining them in contact with an air-dried extracellular matrix which caused the cells to retain flat, spread morphologies. These findings indicated that cessation of cell growth was not sufficient, that cell-cell interactions were not required, and that cell culture conditions which minimize cell spreading may be important in maintaining lactoferrin expression. Additional data supporting this latter concept were generated by treating spread cells with cytochalasin D. The resulting disruption of microfilament assembly induced both cell rounding and lactoferrin expression. Shape-dependent regulation of lactoferrin mRNA was both transcriptional and post-transcriptional. Surprisingly, treatment of rounded cells with a transcription inhibitor, actinomycin D, produced a stabilization of lactoferrin mRNA, suggesting that transcription of an unstable factor is required for degradation of lactoferrin mRNA. Importantly, lactoferrin mRNA expression was regulated similarly in early passage normal human mammary epithelial cells. In vivo, the changing extracellular matrix components of the mammary gland during different stages of normal and abnormal growth and differentiation may provide different physical constraints on the configurations of cell surface molecules. These physical constraints may be communicated to the cell interior through mechanical changes in the cytoskeleton. Unlike beta-casein whose expression is upregulated by specific integrin-mediated signals, lactoferrin may be representative of a class of proteins synthesized in the mammary gland using basal transcriptional and translational machinery. The suppression of lactoferrin expression that is observed in monolayer culture and in malignant tissues may reflect inappropriate cell shapes and cytoskeletal structures that are manifested under these conditions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Berlex Biosci, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Anat, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. NIEHS, Reprod & Dev Toxicol Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Yaswen, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Dept Phys, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Roskelley, Calvin /F-4630-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-24844, CA-57621] NR 72 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE, CAMBS, ENGLAND CB4 4DL SN 0021-9533 J9 J CELL SCI JI J. Cell Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 110 BP 2861 EP 2871 PN 22 PG 11 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YM087 UT WOS:000071027100009 PM 9427294 ER PT J AU Moore, RC Mesmer, RE Simonson, JM AF Moore, RC Mesmer, RE Simonson, JM TI Solubility of potassium carbonate in water between 384 and 529 K measured using the synthetic method SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS; THERMODYNAMICS; ELECTROLYTES; TEMPERATURES AB The solubility of potassium carbonate in water at temperatures from 384 to 529 K is reported at the saturation vapor pressure of the solutions. Measurements were made using a visually-accessible apparatus consisting of a platinum cell with sapphire windows and gold seals. The results indicate that potassium carbonate remains prograde-soluble up to 529 K. At approximately 427 K the hydrate form of the solid changes as indicated by visual observation of the solid and a change in the solubility behavior. Solubilities determined at lower temperatures have been compared with literature data and are in good agreement. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1078 EP 1081 DI 10.1021/je9700840 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA YG659 UT WOS:A1997YG65900008 ER PT J AU Wang, PM Oakes, CS Pitzer, KS AF Wang, PM Oakes, CS Pitzer, KS TI Thermodynamics of aqueous mixtures of magnesium chloride with sodium chloride from 298.15 to 573.15 K. New measurements of the enthalpies of mixing and of dilution SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; ELECTROLYTE MIXTURES; COEFFICIENTS; NACL; PRESSURES; SYSTEM; MGCL2; FLOW; H2O AB Heats of mixing of NaCl(aq) with MgCl2(aq) at 373.15, 423.15, 473.15, 523.15, and 573.15 K for ionic strengths 0.5-3.8 mol kg(-1) and heats of dilution of MgCl2(aq) at 523.15 and 573.15 K for ionic strengths 0.3-4.6 mol.kg(-1) have been measured at a constant pressure of 20.5 MPa. These experimental data are combined with published heat of mixing data at 298 and 373 K to provide a comprehensive Fitter ion-interaction treatment for the thermodynamic properties of the NaCl + MgCl2 + H2O system to 573 K. The treatment includes a general equation valid to 523 K, incorporating the published equations for NaCl(aq) and MgCl2(aq), and new equations for MgCl2(aq) and the mixed system at 573 K. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 42 IS 6 BP 1101 EP 1110 DI 10.1021/je970114z PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA YG659 UT WOS:A1997YG65900012 ER PT J AU Smith, HM AF Smith, HM TI Association report: 2YC(3) - A federal perspective on community colleges SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Editorial Material RP Smith, HM (reprint author), US DOE,OFF COMMUNITY COLL LIAISON,OFF VOCAT & ADULT EDUC,400 MARYLAND AVE SW,WASHINGTON,DC 20202, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1264 EP 1264 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA YB716 UT WOS:A1997YB71600006 ER PT J AU Muddiman, DC Bakhtiar, R Hofstadler, SA Smith, RD AF Muddiman, DC Bakhtiar, R Hofstadler, SA Smith, RD TI Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry - Instrumentation and applications SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article ID DESORPTION IONIZATION; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CYCLOSPORINE-A; PROTEINS; SURFACES; PEPTIDES; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; REPRODUCIBILITY; NITROCELLULOSE; MEMBRANES C1 STEVENS INST TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM & CHEM ENGN,HOBOKEN,NJ 07030. PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB,MACROMOL STRUCT & DYNAM DIV,RICHLAND,WA 99352. RP Muddiman, DC (reprint author), VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIV,DEPT CHEM,RICHMOND,VA 23284, USA. RI Smith, Richard/J-3664-2012 OI Smith, Richard/0000-0002-2381-2349 NR 45 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0021-9584 J9 J CHEM EDUC JI J. Chem. Educ. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 74 IS 11 BP 1288 EP 1292 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA YB716 UT WOS:A1997YB71600015 ER PT J AU Holmes, HF Simonson, JM Mesmer, RE AF Holmes, HF Simonson, JM Mesmer, RE TI Aqueous solutions of the alkaline earth metal chlorides. Corrected constants for the ion-interaction model (vol 26, pg 271, 1994) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Correction ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TEMPERATURES C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Holmes, HF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem & Analyt Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 4 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 29 IS 11 BP 1363 EP 1373 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA YM771 UT WOS:000071099200017 ER PT J AU Gleckler, PJ Weare, BC AF Gleckler, PJ Weare, BC TI Uncertainties in global ocean surface heat flux climatologies derived from ship observations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SOLAR-RADIATION; CLOUD CLIMATOLOGY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE; LATENT; ATMOSPHERE; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORTS AB A methodology to define uncertainties associated with ocean surface heat flux calculations has been developed and applied to a global climatology that utilizes a summary of the Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set surface observations. Systematic and random uncertainties in the net oceanic heat flux and each of its four components at individual grid points and for zonal averages have been estimated for each calendar month and for the annual mean, The most important uncertainties of the 2 degrees x 2 degrees grid cell values of each of the beat fluxes are described. Annual mean net shortwave flux random uncertainties associated with errors in estimating cloud cover in the Tropics yield total uncertainties that are greater than 25 W m(-2). In the northern latitudes, where the large number of observations substantially reduces the influence of these random errors, the systematic uncertainties in the utilized parameterization are largely responsible for total uncertainties in the shortwave fluxes, which usually remain greater than 10 W m(-2). Systematic uncertainties dominate in the zonal means because spatial averaging has led to a further reduction of the random errors. The situation for the annual mean latent heat flux is somewhat different in that even for gridpoint values, the contributions of the systematic uncertainties tend to be larger than those of the random uncertainties at most latitudes. Latent heat flux uncertainties are greater than 20 W m(-2) nearly everywhere south of 40 degrees N and in excess of 30 W m(-2) over broad areas of the subtropics, even those with large numbers of observations. Resulting zonal mean latent heat uncertainties are largest (similar to 30 W m(-2)) in the middle latitudes and subtropics and smallest (similar to 10-25 W m(-2)) near the equator and over the northernmost regions. Preliminary comparison of zonal average fluxes suggests that most atmospheric general circulation models produce excessively large ocean surface fluxes of net solar heating and evaporative fooling when forced with realistic sea surface temperatures. It is expected that the method introduced here will be refined to produce increasingly reliable estimates of uncertainties in surface Bur atlases derived from ship observations. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT LAND AIR & WATER RESOURCES,DAVIS,CA. RP Gleckler, PJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,PROGRAM CLIMATE MODEL DIAG & INTERCOMPARISON L264,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Gleckler, Peter/H-4762-2012 OI Gleckler, Peter/0000-0003-2816-6224 NR 61 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 10 IS 11 BP 2764 EP 2781 DI 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<2764:UIGOSH>2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA YH745 UT WOS:A1997YH74500005 ER PT J AU Chen, WYC Liu, ZG AF Chen, WYC Liu, ZG TI Parameter augmentation for basic hypergeometric series .2. SO JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL THEORY SERIES A LA English DT Article ID ASKEY-WILSON; COMBINATORIAL THEORY; UMBRAL CALCULUS; POLYNOMIALS; IDENTITIES; FOUNDATIONS AB In a previous paper, we explored the idea of parameter augmentation for basic hypergeometric series, which provides a method of proving q-summation and integral formula based special cases obtained by reducing some parameters to zero. In the present paper, we shall mainly deal with parameter augmentation for q-integrals such as the Askey-Wilson integral, the Nassrallah-Rahman integral, the q-integral form of Sears transformation, and Gasper's formula of the extension of the Askey-Roy integral. The parameter augmentation is realized by another operator, which leads to considerable simplications of some well known q-summation and transformation formulas. A brief treatment of the Rogers-Szego polynomials is also given. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 NANKAI UNIV,NANKAI INST MATH,TIANJIN 300071,PEOPLES R CHINA. XINXIANG EDUC COLL,DEPT MATH,XINXIANG 453000,HENAN,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP Chen, WYC (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,T7,MAIL STOP B284,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 35 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0097-3165 J9 J COMB THEORY A JI J. Comb. Theory Ser. A PD NOV PY 1997 VL 80 IS 2 BP 175 EP 195 DI 10.1006/jcta.1997.2801 PG 21 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA YH177 UT WOS:A1997YH17700001 ER PT J AU Jacobs, DJ Hendrickson, B AF Jacobs, DJ Hendrickson, B TI An algorithm for two-dimensional rigidity percolation: The pebble game SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE rigidity percolation; graph rigidity; graph algorithm; vector percolation; floppy modes; network glass ID CENTRAL-FORCE PERCOLATION; ELASTIC NETWORKS; GENERIC RIGIDITY; MECHANICS; SYSTEMS; PLANE AB Many important macroscopic properties of materials depend upon the number of microscopic degrees of freedom. The task of counting the number of such degrees of freedom can be computationally very expensive. We describe a new approach for this calculation which is appropriate for two-dimensional, glass-like networks, building upon recent work in graph rigidity. This purely combinatorial algorithm is formulated in terms of a simple pebble game. It has allowed for the first studies of the rigidity transition in generic networks. which are models of amorphous materials and glasses. In the context of generic rigidity percolation, we show how to calculate the number of internal degrees of freedom, identify all rigid clusters, and locate the overconstrained regions. For a network of rr sites the pebble game has a worst case performance of O(n(2)). In our applications its performance scaled as n(1.15) at the rigidity transition, while away from the transition region it grew linearly. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Jacobs, DJ (reprint author), MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,E LANSING,MI 48824, USA. NR 25 TC 153 Z9 156 U1 2 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 137 IS 2 BP 346 EP 365 DI 10.1006/jcph.1997.5809 PG 20 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA YF668 UT WOS:A1997YF66800005 ER PT J AU Lu, P Li, H Wang, YM Sun, S Tuttle, B AF Lu, P Li, H Wang, YM Sun, S Tuttle, B TI Growth characteristics of PbTiO3 and Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O-3 thin films by novel single-solid-source metalorganic chemical vapor processing SO JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH LA English DT Article ID BUFFER LAYER; DEPOSITION; MOCVD; MEMORIES; PB(ZR AB Growth characteristics of ferroelectric PbTiO3, (PT) and Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O-3 (PZT) thin films deposited on (1 O O) MgO and (1 1 1) Pt/SiO2/(1 O O)Si substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) have been investigated. A novel single-solid-source MOCVD technique was employed for the film deposition. The new technique, which has excellent process reliability and reproducibility, makes it possible to study the relationship between deposition conditions and film growth properties. Effects of substrate, substrate temperature, system vacuum pressure, precursor molar ratios in gas phase on film microstructure and properties have been systematically investigated. Growth of PZT films using a PT buffer layer on the Pt coated substrate is investigated and is found to be advantageous for perovskite phase development. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87109. RP Lu, P (reprint author), NEW MEXICO INST MIN & TECHNOL,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,SOCORRO,NM 87801, USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0248 J9 J CRYST GROWTH JI J. Cryst. Growth PD NOV PY 1997 VL 181 IS 4 BP 374 EP 381 DI 10.1016/S0022-0248(97)00305-9 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Crystallography; Materials Science; Physics GA YH192 UT WOS:A1997YH19200008 ER PT J AU Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ Kinney, JH Balooch, M AF Marshall, GW Marshall, SJ Kinney, JH Balooch, M TI The dentin substrate: structure and properties related to bonding SO JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY LA English DT Review DE dentin; morphology; mechanical properties; demineralization; bonding ID SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; HUMAN RADICULAR DENTIN; CARIOUS DENTIN; ODONTOBLAST PROCESS; DEMINERALIZED HUMAN; BOVINE DENTIN; CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; INTERDIFFUSION ZONE AB Objectives: Dentin is a vital, hydrated composite material with structural components and properties that vary with location. These variations are reviewed along with alterations by physiological and pathological changes that allow classification into various forms of dentin. Structural characteristics and mechanical properties are reviewed and the limitations of our understanding of structure-property relationships for normal and modified forms of dentin are discussed with respect to their impact on dentin bonding. Recent progress in methods available to study dentin and its demineralization are emphasized with their promise to increase our understanding of dentin properties and structure. Data sources: Recent microstructural studies, focusing on scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray tomographic microscopy are included. A review of fundamental studies with emphasis on microstructurally sensitive methods, and prior reviews of basic mechanical properties are included with discussion of their correlation to composition and structure. Study selection ann conclusions: Emphasis in this work was placed on the major structural components of the tissue, including the collagen based organic matrix and its mineral reinforcement, the distribution of these components and their microstructural organization as related to mechanical properties and response to demineralization. Little information is included on biochemical and developmental studies or on non-collagenous proteins and other organic components for which limited understanding is available with respect to their role in structure-property relations and influence on bonding. In spite of the fact that the complexity of dentin precluded a comprehensive review, it is clear that local structural variations influence properties and impact nearly all preventive and restorative dental treatments. Much more work is needed in order to understand differences between vital and non-vital dentin, and dentin from extracted teeth. Although our knowledge is rudimentary in certain areas, increasingly sophisticated methods of studying dentin should provide the necessary information to model structure-property relations, optimize dentin bonding, and improve many aspects of preventive and restorative dentistry. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Restorat Dent, Div Biomat Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Marshall, GW (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Restorat Dent, Div Biomat Sci, Box 0758, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01 DE09859, R01 DE11526] NR 138 TC 417 Z9 436 U1 17 U2 73 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0300-5712 J9 J DENT JI J. Dent. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 25 IS 6 BP 441 EP 458 DI 10.1016/S0300-5712(96)00065-6 PG 18 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA YQ393 UT WOS:000071382300002 PM 9604576 ER PT J AU Kumar, D Singh, RK Pearton, SJ Holland, OW Clarke, R AF Kumar, D Singh, RK Pearton, SJ Holland, OW Clarke, R TI Special issue on low energy processes in electronic materials - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. UNIV MICHIGAN,ANN ARBOR,MI 48109. RP Kumar, D (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1265 EP 1265 DI 10.1007/s11664-997-0066-z PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA YF910 UT WOS:A1997YF91000001 ER PT J AU Antonell, MJ Abernathy, CR Krishnamoorthy, V Gedridge, RW Haynes, TE AF Antonell, MJ Abernathy, CR Krishnamoorthy, V Gedridge, RW Haynes, TE TI Thermal stability of heavily tellurium-doped InP grown by metalorganic molecular beam epitaxy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Low Energy Processes in Electronic Materials, at the 1997 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 11-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP TMS, Electr Magnet & Photon Mat Div, Thin Films & Interfaces Comm DE annealing; InP; lattice strain; secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS); thermal stability ID CARBON; GAAS; DOPANTS AB The thermal stability of tellurium in InP has been examined in samples doped with Te up to an electron concentration of 1.4 x 10(20) cm(-3). Annealing was conducted using rapid thermal annealing for a period of one minute at temperatures over the range 650-800 degrees C. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis showed virtually no change in the Te profile before and after annealing, even at the highest annealing temperatures. High resolution x-ray diffraction and Hall measurements revealed a general decrease in the lattice strain and carrier concentration for annealing temperatures above 650 degrees C. No evidence of strain relief was found in the form of cross-hatching or through the formation of a dislocation network as examined by scanning electronmicroscopy or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These results are most likely due to the formation of Te clusters, though such clusters could not be seen by cross-sectional TEM. C1 USN,CTR WEAP,CHINA LAKE,CA 93555. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. RP Antonell, MJ (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. RI Haynes, Tony/P-8932-2015 OI Haynes, Tony/0000-0003-2871-4745 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1283 EP 1286 DI 10.1007/s11664-997-0071-2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA YF910 UT WOS:A1997YF91000006 ER PT J AU Beck, KM McCarthy, MI Hess, WP AF Beck, KM McCarthy, MI Hess, WP TI Atomic and molecular photostimulated desorption from complex ionic crystals SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Low Energy Processes in Electronic Materials, at the 1997 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 11-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP TMS, Electr Magnet & Photon Mat Div, Thin Films & Interfaces Comm DE CaCO3; isoelectronic; isostructural crystals; NaNO3; photostimulated desorption (PSD) ID STIMULATED DESORPTION; ALKALI-HALIDES; SODIUM-NITRATE; EMISSION; EXCITATION; SURFACES; NANO3; CO; SPECTROSCOPY; CACO3 AB Calcium carbonate and sodium nitrate are isostructural crystals in which the covalently bonded polyatomic anions are also isoelectronic, however, the chemical properties of these crystals are distinctly different. In this study, we report results involving the photostimulated desorption (PSD) of neutral CO and O(P-3) products from geologic calcite (CaCO3) using low laser fluence at 193 nm. Product states are probed using (2+1) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization for both neutrals. The CO products display a narrow angular distribution normal to the surface and a translational energy characterized, by a temperature (T = 110K) significantly lower than that of the substrate (T = 295K).(1) Atomic oxygen products display both broader angular and kinetic energy distributions than that of the CO fragments. Emission of O(P-3) is seen at angles greater than 30 degrees with respect to the surface normal. In contrast, recent PSD studies of product NO from single crystal sodium nitrate (NaNO3) show product distributions with both thermal and hyper-thermal components.(2) Projected density of state plots computed using periodic Hartree-Fock theory indicate a strong overlap in the metal and carbonate bands of the low lying excited states in CaCO3, while NaNO3 was found to have a well-separated nitrate band in the excited state below the mixed metal/nitrate bands. The differences in the electronic structure of these materials may account for differences in the observed product distributions in the PSD of calcite and sodium nitrate. RP Beck, KM (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1335 EP 1341 DI 10.1007/s11664-997-0081-0 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA YF910 UT WOS:A1997YF91000016 ER PT J AU Roth, EG Holland, OW Venezia, VC Nielsen, B AF Roth, EG Holland, OW Venezia, VC Nielsen, B TI Methods of defect-engineering shallow junctions formed by B+-implantation in Si SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Low Energy Processes in Electronic Materials, at the 1997 TMS Annual Meeting CY FEB 11-12, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP TMS, Electr Magnet & Photon Mat Div, Thin Films & Interfaces Comm DE dopant diffusion; end-of-range (EOR) defects; implantation; pre-amorphization; shallow electrical junctions; transient-enhanced diffusion (TED) ID DAMAGE ACCUMULATION; EXTREME CONDITIONS; ION-IMPLANTATION; BORON-DIFFUSION; SILICON; INTERSTITIALS AB Control of dopant diffusion during high-temperature cycling is critical in forming shallow electrical junctions in silicon as needed in integrated-circuit manufacturing. However, junctions formed by implantation can be anomalously deep due to a transiency associated with ion-induced defects which greatly enhances dopant diffusion. The purpose of this work was to investigate methods of defect engineering the implantation process to control or eliminate transient-enhanced diffusion (TED). TED of boron has been attributed to excess interstitials introduced into the lattice during implantation, known as the plus-one model. Effects of pre-amorphization (i.e., amorphization prior to dopant implantation using isoelectric ions) on TED of boron, and particularly, the role of the end-of-range (EOR) defects at the amorphous-crystalline interface, are discussed. These EOR defects were varied by altering the implantation conditions during pre-amorphization. Also, other means of controlling the transiency are discussed, in particular, the use of high-energy ions to introduce excess vacancies into the lattice where dopant diffusion occurs. These vacancies are shown to interact with the excess interstitials introduced during dopant implantation to suppress TED. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV N TEXAS,DENTON,TX 76203. RP Roth, EG (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Nielsen, Bent/B-7353-2009 OI Nielsen, Bent/0000-0001-7016-0040 NR 21 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 420 COMMONWEALTH DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 26 IS 11 BP 1349 EP 1354 DI 10.1007/s11664-997-0083-y PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA YF910 UT WOS:A1997YF91000018 ER PT J AU Michaud, EJ Mynatt, RL Miltenberger, RJ Klebig, ML Wilkinson, JE Zemel, MB Wilkison, WO Woychik, RP AF Michaud, EJ Mynatt, RL Miltenberger, RJ Klebig, ML Wilkinson, JE Zemel, MB Wilkison, WO Woychik, RP TI Role of the agouti gene in obesity SO JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Argenteuil Symposium of the Princess-Lilian-Cardiology-Foundation-of-Belgium on Obesity and the Adipocyte CY OCT, 1996 CL ARGENTEUIL, FRANCE SP Princess Lilian Cardiol Fdn Belgium ID MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING-HORMONE; 5TH MELANOCORTIN RECEPTOR; YELLOW A(VY)/ MICE; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ECTOPIC EXPRESSION; HUMAN HOMOLOG; MUTATION; PROTEIN; LOCALIZATION; ANTAGONIST C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT NUTR,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. GLAXO WELLCOME INC,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PATHOL,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. RP Michaud, EJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 40 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU J ENDOCRINOLOGY LTD PI BRISTOL PA 17/18 THE COURTYARD, WOODLANDS, ALMONDSBURY, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS12 4NQ SN 0022-0795 J9 J ENDOCRINOL JI J. Endocrinol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 155 IS 2 BP 207 EP 209 DI 10.1677/joe.0.1550207 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YD776 UT WOS:A1997YD77600009 PM 9415049 ER PT J AU Carpi, A Lindberg, SE Prestbo, EM Bloom, NS AF Carpi, A Lindberg, SE Prestbo, EM Bloom, NS TI Methyl mercury contamination and emission to the atmosphere from soil amended with municipal sewage sludge SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTAL MERCURY; VAPOR; WATER; VOLATILIZATION; SPECIATION; ATLANTIC; SURFACE; FLUXES; LEVEL; TESTS AB In an effort to identify the effect of municipal sewage sludge application on mercury (Hg) concentrations in soil, we studied the contamination of sludge-amended soil with inorganic ant methyl Hg and the emission of these contaminants to the atmosphere using a Teflon dynamic flux chamber. The routine application of municipal sewage sludge to cropland significantly increased both total and methyl Hg in surface soil from 80 to 6100 mu g kg(-1) and 0.3 to 8.3 mu g kg(-1), respectively. Both inorganic and methyl Hg were transported from the sludge/soil matrix to the environment by emission to the atmosphere, however, there was no indication of Hg transport in limited soil water lysimeter experiments. Our data from soil amended with municipal sewage sludge represent the first quantitatively measured terrestrial source of methyl mercury (MeHg) to the atmosphere. Sludge-amended soil emitted an average of 12 to 24 pgm (2)h(-1) of monomethyl Hg and similar to 100 ng m(-2)h(-1) of inorganic Hg to the atmosphere. A simple dispersion model suggests that sludge-amended soil may increase regional atmospheric MeHg concentrations by similar to 5%. these data highlight the need for further research to quantify the transport of Hg from sludge-amended soil and identify the sources of MeHg in the atmosphere. C1 Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Frontier Geosci Inc, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Carpi, A (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Boyce Thompson Inst Plant Res, Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 44 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1650 EP 1655 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YN225 UT WOS:000071145600026 ER PT J AU White, CS Loftin, SR Aguilar, R AF White, CS Loftin, SR Aguilar, R TI Application of biosolids to degraded semiarid rangeland: Nine-year responses SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY LA English DT Article ID MUNICIPAL SEWAGE-SLUDGE; NITROGEN MINERALIZATION; LAND APPLICATION; MICROBIAL BIOMASS; PLANT COMMUNITY; SOIL; DESERTIFICATION; GRASSLAND; WATER; TRANSFORMATIONS AB Rangeland restoration through surface application of biosolids (municipal sewage sludge) is an increasing practice. Biosolids supply both organic matter and available nutrients that are lacking in degraded rangeland soils. This study investigated the effects of biosolids applications of 0, 22.5, 45, and 90 Mg ha(-1) to a degraded rangeland in 1985 on the soil chemical properties and N mineralization potentials 8 and 9 yr after the application, respectively. Following an initial increase in proportion to the application rate, levels of water-extractable Ca, Mg, Na, nitate (NO(3)-N), and electrical conductivity declined to that near the control soils after 8 yr. Nearly all diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) were highest in the collection 4 Sr after application but were near concentrations in the control soil after 8 yr. Nitrogen mineralization potentials were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the 45 and 90 Mg ha(-1) applications after 9 yr, indicating that site fertility remained higher even though most soil chemical properties were returning to untreated levels. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Rocky Mt Res Stn, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Loftin, SR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 56 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0047-2425 J9 J ENVIRON QUAL JI J. Environ. Qual. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1663 EP 1671 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA YN225 UT WOS:000071145600028 ER PT J AU Gritzo, LA Nicolette, VF AF Gritzo, LA Nicolette, VF TI Coupling of large fire phenomenon with object geometry and object thermal response SO JOURNAL OF FIRE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE large fires; pool fires; fire models; temperature; heat flux; convection; radiation ID HEAT AB The effect of an object in or near a large fire on the physical processes which result in the heat flux from the fire is defined by the object geometry and temperature, and therefore the fire phenomena and the object physical states can be coupled. Two primary modes of coupling, radiative and convective, and their relative influence on heat flux, are investigated using observations from experimental data and numerical simulations. Radiative coupling occurs when a comparatively cold object reduces the incident heat flux (by up to 65%) due to radiative cooling of nearby media. Convective coupling includes: (1) changes in the geometry of the flame zone, and (2) object-induced turbulence which alters and often enhances the flow, mixing, and, hence, combustion processes within the fire. Increases in the heat flux approaching a factor of three have been observed due to these phenomena. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9116, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Gritzo, LA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept 9116, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM lagritz@sandia.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU TECHNOMIC PUBL CO INC PI LANCASTER PA 851 NEW HOLLAND AVE, BOX 3535, LANCASTER, PA 17604 USA SN 0734-9041 J9 J FIRE SCI JI J. Fire Sci. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 427 EP 442 DI 10.1177/073490419701500601 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA YZ734 UT WOS:000072286100001 ER PT J AU Lambour, RL Weiss, LA Elphic, RC Thomsen, MF AF Lambour, RL Weiss, LA Elphic, RC Thomsen, MF TI Global modeling of the plasmasphere following storm sudden commencements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT; OUTER PLASMASPHERE; DUSKSIDE BULGE; PLASMAPAUSE; MAGNETOSPHERE; CONVECTION; ANALYZER; DYNAMICS; SUBSTORM AB We examine the dynamics of the outer plasmasphere during 10 post-ssc events by comparing observations of cold, dense ions from Los Alamos magnetospheric plasma analyzers on board three widely spaced geosynchronous satellites with output from the Magnetospheric Specification and Forecast Model (MSFM). The MSFM is a data-driven, operational space weather specification and forecast code originally designed to facilitate U.S. Air Force spacecraft operations. For this study we modified the MSFM to include a cold plasmaspheric ion population that was subject to the effects of ionospheric refilling. We utilized the electron density model of Carpenter and Anderson [1992] and the assumption of charge neutrality to initialize the plasmaspheric proton density within a specified plasmapause. This configuration was then allowed to evolve under the effects of E x B drift and refilling. The modified MSFM clearly shows the development and westward transport of duskside plasmaspheric plumes/tails during periods of enhanced convection and the eastward transport of these structures during decreasing activity. We present a detailed comparison between the data and the model output for one case and a ''statistical'' analysis of the comparison for all 10 cases. We also compare the model results with previously published observations of plasmapsheric ions and models of plasmaspheric dynamics. The MSFM was able to systematically reproduce the geosynchronous observations with good accuracy in both local time placement and density level. We find the modified MSFM to be an improvement upon previous plasmaspheric models and a useful tool in the interpretation of spatially and temporally separated geosynchronous observations. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. PHILLIPS LAB,HANSCOM AFB,MA. NR 50 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 102 IS A11 BP 24351 EP 24368 DI 10.1029/97JA02037 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YE924 UT WOS:A1997YE92400032 ER PT J AU Robinett, RD Parker, GG Schaub, H Junkins, JL AF Robinett, RD Parker, GG Schaub, H Junkins, JL TI Lyapunov optimal saturated control for nonlinear systems SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 35th Aerospace Science Meeting / Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Symposium CY JAN 06-09, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, USAF, Off Sci Res, Sandia Natl Labs ID ATTITUDE DYNAMICS; REPRESENTATIONS AB A generalized feedback control law design methodology is presented that applies to systems under control saturation constraints. Lyapunov stability theory is used to develop stable saturated control laws that can be augmented to any unsaturated control law that transitions continuously at a touch point on the saturation boundary. The time derivative of the Lyapunov function, an error energy measure, is used as the performance index, which provides a measure that is invariant to the system dynamics, Lyapunov stability theory is used constructively to establish stability characteristics of the closed-loop dynamics, Lyapunov optimal control laws are developed by minimizing the performance index over the set of admissible controls, which is equivalent to forcing the error energy rate to be as negative as possible. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT AEROSP ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP Robinett, RD (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,TECH STAFF,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 15 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1083 EP 1088 DI 10.2514/2.4189 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA YF147 UT WOS:A1997YF14700005 ER PT J AU Junkins, JL Akella, MR Robinett, RD AF Junkins, JL Akella, MR Robinett, RD TI Nonlinear adaptive control of spacecraft maneuvers SO JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 35th Aerospace Science Meeting / Nonlinear Dynamical Systems Symposium CY JAN 06-09, 1997 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut, USAF, Off Sci Res, Sandia Natl Labs ID LARGE-ANGLE MANEUVERS; QUATERNION FEEDBACK; ATTITUDE AB A novel method is presented to carry out near-minimum-time maneuvers of a spacecraft of unknown inertia, The formulation assumes the presence of three orthogonal reaction wheels located near the system mass center and oriented arbitrarily with respect to the spacecraft principal axes, Modified Rodrigues parameters along with their shadow set are used as the primary attitude coordinates, Open loop maneuver laws are designed while solving the equations of motion by inverse dynamics approach. This approach permits the approximate imposition of the maximum saturation torque constraint. The torque profiles are near-bang-bang, with the instantaneous switches replaced by cubic splines of specified duration, An adaptive tracking control law is developed to determine perturbations to the nominal open loop torque commands that will ensure the actual motion to follow the nominal motion in the presence of uncertainty in the inertia matrix and errors in the initial attitude. Global stability of the overall closed-loop controller is proved analytically and demonstrated by numerical simulations. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT AEROSP ENGN,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 20 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091 SN 0731-5090 J9 J GUID CONTROL DYNAM JI J. Guid. Control Dyn. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 20 IS 6 BP 1104 EP 1110 DI 10.2514/2.4192 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA YF147 UT WOS:A1997YF14700008 ER PT J AU Bielicki, JK Forte, TM McCall, MR Stoltzfus, LJ Chiesa, G Sirtori, CR Franceschini, G Rubin, EM AF Bielicki, JK Forte, TM McCall, MR Stoltzfus, LJ Chiesa, G Sirtori, CR Franceschini, G Rubin, EM TI High density lipoprotein particle size restriction in apolipoprotein A-I-Milano transgenic mice SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE apolipoprotein A-I-Milano; HDL size restriction; LCAT activity; transgenic mice ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; CHOLESTEROL-ACYLTRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY; IMILANO APOPROTEIN; PARTIAL LECITHIN; PLASMA; VARIANT AB Human carriers of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano (Arg(173) --> Cys substitution in apolipoprotein A-I) are characterized by an HDL deficiency in which small, dense HDL accumulate in plasma. Because affected individuals are heterozygous for this mutation, the full impact of apolipoprotein A-I-Milano (apoA-I-Milano) on HDL-cholesterol metabolism is unknown. In this study, apoA-I-Milano transgenic mice were used to evaluate the extent of apoA-I-Milano dimerization and HDL particle size restriction in the absence of wild-type apoA-I. Murine apoA-I knockout mice were utilized to express apoA-I-Milano and human apoA-II in the presence of wild-type, human apoA-IMilano/A-II). Plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations were similar (30 mg/dl) in both lines of apoA-I-Milano transgenic mice. In the apoA-IMilano/A-II transgenics and was associated with an abundance of small, 7.6-nm HDL3-sized particles compared to the 9.5, 8.3, and 7.6-nm-sized particles in apoA-IMilano/A-Iwt/A-II mice. The unesterified cholesterol/cholesteryl ester mole ratio of HDL was elevated by 45% in apoA-IMilano/A-Iwt/A-II mice and by 90% in apoA-IMilano/A-II transgenics compared to wild-type (human apoA-I/A-II). Both apoA-I-Milano, transgenics possessed normal levels of plasma LCAT activity, but endogenous cholesterol esterification rates were reduced by 50% compared to controls. Thus, HDL particle size restriction was not the result of impaired LCAT activation; rather, dimerization of apoA-I-Milano limited the esterification of cholesterol on endogenous HDL. In the absence of wild-type apoA-I, the more extensive dimerization of apoA-I-Milano severely limited cholesteryl ester accumulation on plasma HDL accounting for the abundance of small, 7.6-nm HDL3 particles in apoA-IMilano/A-II mice. C1 UNIV MILAN,INST PHARMACOL SCI,CTR E GROSSI PAOLETTI,I-20122 MILAN,ITALY. RP Bielicki, JK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,LIFE SCI DIV 1 213,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Sirtori, Cesare/F-4658-2012; Chiesa, Giulia/G-8987-2012; OI Chiesa, Giulia/0000-0001-5553-1210; FRANCESCHINI, GUIDO/0000-0003-2687-1771 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 07279, HL 18574] NR 30 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 38 IS 11 BP 2314 EP 2321 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YF498 UT WOS:A1997YF49800014 PM 9392429 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, KR Marcovina, SM Krauss, RM Garber, DW Glasscock, AM Segrest, JP AF Kulkarni, KR Marcovina, SM Krauss, RM Garber, DW Glasscock, AM Segrest, JP TI Quantification of HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol by the vertical auto profile-II (VAP-II) methodology SO JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lipoproteins; HDL subclasses; ultracentrifugation; continuous flow analysis ID HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; APOLIPOPROTEIN A-I; GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; IMMUNOAFFINITY CHROMATOGRAPHY; HEART-DISEASE; PARTICLES; PLASMA; RISK AB Of the several existing methods for qantification of major subspecies of high density lipoprotein (HDL), HDL2 and HDL3, the methods based upon double precipitation are particularly useful for large-scale studies or for routine assay because of their high speed and low cost. The Vertical Auto Profile-II (VAP-II) method developed in our laboratory primarily for the direct single test measurement of cholesterol (C) in all major lipoproteins, including Lp[a] and IDL, is rapid, highly sensitive, and suitable for large-scale studies. Here we describe the modification of this procedure so as to be able to quantify both HDL2- and HDL3-C in addition to all major lipoproteins without any additional assay steps, time, or cost. The VAP-II procedure was validated by comparison with four other methods using plasma samples obtained from 35 healthy subjects: I) HDL-VAP-II (a variation of the VAP-II procedure designed specifically to separate HDL subspecies); 2) dextran sulfate (DS)/Mg2+ double precipitation method performed at Northwest Lipid Research Laboratories (NWLRL),Seattle, WA; 3) 4-30% polyacrylamide-agarose ((4)/30 PAA) nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE); and 4) analytical ultracentrifugation (AUG), with both GGE and AUC performed at the Donner Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley. Both HDL2- and HDL3-C measurements by VAP-II correlated well with the measurements by all comparison methods (r for HDL3-C: HDL-VAP-II, 0.948; NWLRL, 0.947; GGE, 0.861; and AUG, 0.706, and r for HDL2-C: HDL-VAP-II, 0.867; NWLRL, 0.854; GGE, 0.885; and AUC, 0.721). The measurements of HDL2- and HDL3-C by the VAP-II method are reproducible, with the long-term between-rotor CV of 5.0% for HDL3-C and 9.0% for HDL2-C. C1 UNIV ALABAMA, DEPT MED, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35294 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, DEPT BIOCHEM, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35294 USA. UNIV ALABAMA, ATHEROSCLEROSIS RES UNIT, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35294 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, NW LIPID RES LABS, SEATTLE, WA 98103 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. ATHEROTECH INC, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35209 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 51806, HL 34343] NR 28 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPID RESEARCH INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 SN 0022-2275 J9 J LIPID RES JI J. Lipid Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 38 IS 11 BP 2353 EP 2364 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YF498 UT WOS:A1997YF49800018 PM 9392433 ER PT J AU Lewis, LH Welch, DO Panchanathan, V AF Lewis, LH Welch, DO Panchanathan, V TI Curie temperature enhancement of Nd2Fe14B in nanocomposite exchange-spring alloys SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Curie temperature; nanocomposite; exchange coupling ID NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS; SURFACES; FILMS AB Curie temperatures were measured on a series of four meit-spun nanocomposite materials comprised of Nd2Fe14B and varying amounts of excess iron ranging from similar to 0 to 27 wt%. The phase constitution and grain size were assessed with synchrotron X-ray diffraction; the Curie temperatures were measured by differential thermal analysis and DC SQUID magnetometry in the temperature range 375 K less than or equal to T less than or equal to 800 K. The Curie temperature of the 2-14-1 phase increases with increasing excess iron; thermal measurements indicate a 13 degrees enhancement over that of pure Nd2Fe,SB for 27 wt% alpha-Fe, while the magnetic measurements indicate a 18 degrees enhancement for the same composition. The results are consistent with the theoretical predictions of Wang and Mills for analogously modeled materials. C1 MAGNEQUENCH INT INC, ANDERSON, IN 46013 USA. RP Lewis, LH (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DIV MAT SCI, DEPT APPL SCI, BLDG 480, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 175 IS 3 BP 275 EP 278 DI 10.1016/S0304-8853(97)00362-4 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YK246 UT WOS:A1997YK24600008 ER PT J AU Phillips, JM Kugimiya, K Tanaka, S Shiohara, Y AF Phillips, JM Kugimiya, K Tanaka, S Shiohara, Y TI High temperature superconducting materials: The first ten years SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID SYSTEM C1 MATSUSHITA ELECT IND CO LTD,OSAKA,JAPAN. RP Phillips, JM (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 12 IS 11 BP 2823 EP 2824 DI 10.1557/JMR.1997.0377 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YG457 UT WOS:A1997YG45700001 ER PT J AU Siegal, MP Venturini, EL Morosin, B Aselage, TL AF Siegal, MP Venturini, EL Morosin, B Aselage, TL TI Synthesis and properties of Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O superconductors SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; TL2BA2CA2CU3O10 THIN-FILMS; CRITICAL-CURRENT-DENSITY; THALLIUM CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; TL2BA2CACU2O8 EPITAXIAL-FILMS; INTRINSIC JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; LIQUID-NITROGEN TEMPERATURE AB We review the synthesis methods and properties of single crystal, powder, and thin film T1BaCaCuO high-temperature superconducting (T1-HTS) materials. With transition temperatures greater than or equal to 100 K for several compounds, T1-HTS materials present real opportunities for applications above 77 K. Experiments using (1) single crystals: determined precise structural parameters and identified the complex T1(1+)-T1(3+) equilibrium model; (2) powders: studied the complex thermodynamic phase diagram; and (3) epitaxial films: studied fundamental properties such as electron pair symmetry and the effect of controlled extrinsic defects on flux pinning strength, as well as providing the large-area surfaces required for device applications. RP Siegal, MP (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 261 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 14 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 12 IS 11 BP 2825 EP 2854 DI 10.1557/JMR.1997.0378 PG 30 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YG457 UT WOS:A1997YG45700002 ER PT J AU WongNg, W Cook, LP Jiang, F Greenwood, W Balachandran, U Lanagan, M AF WongNg, W Cook, LP Jiang, F Greenwood, W Balachandran, U Lanagan, M TI Subsolidus phase equilibria of coexisting high-T-c Pb-2223 and 2212 superconductors in the (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system under 7.5% O-2 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN PARTIAL-PRESSURE; COMPOSITE CONDUCTORS; CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY; FORMATION MECHANISM; TEXTURE FORMATION; CLAD (BI; SILVER; STABILITY; TAPES; AG AB The subsolidus phase relationships of the high-ir, 2223 superconductor in the (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BSCCO) system have been examined at 810-820 degrees C, All experiments were carried out at ambient pressure in a 7.5% 0(2) (92.5% Ar) atmosphere. Eleven phases were found to exist in equilibrium with the 2223 phase. These 11 phases include CuO and 10 oxide solid solutions. From among; these phases, a total of 48 five-phase combinations including the 2223 and 2212 phases were investigated experimentally, and 16 equilibrium assemblages were found which define a multicomponent compositional space corresponding to the 2223 + 2212 solid-state compatibility region. The subsolidus data form a partial basis for future investigation of the Pb-2223 primary phase field. C1 UNIV MARYLAND, DEPT GEOL, COLLEGE PK, MD 20742 USA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV ENERGY TECHNOL, ARGONNE, IL USA. RP WongNg, W (reprint author), NIST, DIV CERAM, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. NR 86 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 12 IS 11 BP 2855 EP 2865 DI 10.1557/JMR.1997.0379 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YG457 UT WOS:A1997YG45700003 ER PT J AU Goyal, A Norton, DP Kroeger, DM Christen, DK Paranthaman, M Specht, ED Budai, JD He, Q Saffian, B List, FA Lee, DF Hatfield, E Martin, PM Klabunde, CE Mathis, J Park, C AF Goyal, A Norton, DP Kroeger, DM Christen, DK Paranthaman, M Specht, ED Budai, JD He, Q Saffian, B List, FA Lee, DF Hatfield, E Martin, PM Klabunde, CE Mathis, J Park, C TI Conductors with controlled grain boundaries: An approach to the next generation, high temperature superconducting wire SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; YBA2CU3O7-X THIN-FILMS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; BUFFER LAYERS; TAPES; DEPOSITION; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEPENDENCE; BICRYSTALS AB Much of the conductor development effort in the last decade has focused on optimizing the processing of (Bi, Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox oxide-powder-in-tube conductors and (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2CaCu2O8 (Bi-2212) and TlBa2Ca2Cu3Ox thick film conductors. It is demonstrated that in each of these conductors, critical current densities are dictated by the grain boundary misorientation distributions (GBMD's). Percolative networks of low-angle boundaries with fractions consistent with the active cross-sectional area of the conductor exist in each of these conductors, Further enhancements in the properties require increased numbers of small-angle grain boundaries. Given the processing methods used to fabricate these materials, no clear route employing a simple modification of the established processing method is apparent. To address this need, conductors with controlled or predetermined GBMD's are necessary. Development of biaxial texture appears to be the only possible way to increase the number of small-angle boundaries in a practical and controllable manner, We summarize in this paper recent results obtained on epitaxial superconducting films on rolling-assisted-biaxially-textured-substrates (RABiTS). This technique uses well established, industrially scalable, thermomechanical processes to impart a strong biaxial texture to a base metal. This is followed by vapor deposition of epitaxial buffer layers (metal and/or ceramic) to yield structurally and chemically compatible surfaces. Epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-delta films grown using laser ablation on such substrates have critical current densities exceeding 10(6) A/cm(2) at 77 K in zero field and have a field dependence similar to epitaxial films on single crystal ceramic substrates. Deposited conductors made using this technique offer a potential route for the fabrication of the next generation high temperature superconducting (HTS) wire capable of carrying high currents in high magnetic fields and at elevated temperatures. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Goyal, A (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Christen, David/A-9709-2008; Yoon, Sejin/F-7637-2013; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 40 TC 139 Z9 144 U1 4 U2 19 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 12 IS 11 BP 2924 EP 2940 DI 10.1557/JMR.1997.0387 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YG457 UT WOS:A1997YG45700011 ER PT J AU Foltyn, SR Peterson, EJ Coulter, JY Arendt, PN Jia, QX Dowden, PC Maley, MP Wu, XD Peterson, DE AF Foltyn, SR Peterson, EJ Coulter, JY Arendt, PN Jia, QX Dowden, PC Maley, MP Wu, XD Peterson, DE TI Influence of deposition rate on the properties of thick YBa2Cu3O7-delta films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT-DENSITY; BUFFER LAYERS; DIFFRACTION AB To investigate potential limits to the rate at which high-quality YBa2Cu3O7-delta can be deposited, we have produced a series of 1 mu m thick films by pulsed laser deposition on single-crystal SrTiO3 substrates at average rates ranging from 2 Angstrom/s to 240 Angstrom/s. The critical current density of low-rate films was over 2 MA/cm(2) at 75 K, self field, but dropped linearly with rate to about 1 MA/cm(2) at the upper end of the range. In addition, the superconducting transition temperature, resistivity above the transition, and performance in an applied magnetic field were all degraded by increasing the deposition rate. A change in c-axis lattice parameter suggests that possible causes for this degradation are oxygen deficiency or cation disorder with the latter being the more likely. Annealing high-rate films at 790 degrees C for as little as 20 min improved critical current density to within 20% of low-rate values, and resulted in dramatic improvements in other film properties as well. RP Foltyn, SR (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,SUPERCONDUCT TECHNOL CTR,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 17 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 12 IS 11 BP 2941 EP 2946 DI 10.1557/JMR.1997.0388 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YG457 UT WOS:A1997YG45700012 ER PT J AU Zhou, JP Lo, RK McDevitt, JT Talvacchio, J Forrester, MG Hunt, BD Jia, QX Reagor, D AF Zhou, JP Lo, RK McDevitt, JT Talvacchio, J Forrester, MG Hunt, BD Jia, QX Reagor, D TI Development of a reliable materials base for superconducting electronics SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; HIGH-T-C; EDGE JUNCTIONS; THIN-FILMS; YBA2CU3O7-X; PHASE; TEMPERATURE; REACTIVITY; PARAMETERS; PRESSURE AB Careful studies of the corrosion, redox, galvanic, and oxygen evolution/uptake reactions associated with YBa2CU3O7-delta and related compounds have been completed. These studies have led to an understanding of the many factors that contribute to the poor material characteristics exhibited by these popular high-T-c phases. With knowledge of the structure-reactivity relationships, a powerful crystal engineering approach has been developed that is capable of producing cation substituted versions of YBa2Cu3O7-delta; the resulting compounds therefrom produced exhibit markedly improved processability, oxygen stability, and durability characteristics. These materials have been combined in thin film structures so as to make prototype SNS junctions and SQUID sensors which exhibit promising device performance characteristics. C1 UNIV TEXAS,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM,AUSTIN,TX 78712. NORTHROP GRUMMAN SCI & TECHNOL CTR,PITTSBURGH,PA 15235. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,SUPERCONDUCT TECHNOL CTR,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008; McDevitt, John/P-4108-2014 OI McDevitt, John/0000-0001-8789-9351 NR 46 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 12 IS 11 BP 2958 EP 2975 DI 10.1557/JMR.1997.0391 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YG457 UT WOS:A1997YG45700015 ER PT J AU Yan, Y Kirk, MA Evetts, JE AF Yan, Y Kirk, MA Evetts, JE TI Structure of grain boundaries: Correlation to supercurrent transport in textured Bi2Sr2Can-1CunOx bulk material SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT-DENSITY; TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; CU-O SYSTEM; CERAMICS AB Two kinds of characteristic grain boundaries were observed in textured Bi2Sr2Can-1CunOx (n = 2 and 3) bulk material: one (P-type) is nearly parallel to the (001) plane, and the other (N-type) is approximately normal to the (001) plane. Low angle tilt N-type boundaries are composed of arrays of dislocations. However, for a small c-axis misorientation, the regions between the dislocation cores are still well connected, providing ''pathways'' for supercurrents crossing the boundary plane. The P-type boundaries exhibit compositionally and structurally modulated faceting. Although we see local regions of the low T-c (2201) phase at low-angle tilt (< 10 degrees) P-type boundaries, there are also ''pathways'' crossing the boundary plane made up of the high T-c (2212) and (2223) phases. The characteristics of such low-angle tilt grain boundary structures can therefore be modeled to provide general insight into the correlation between high critical current densities and low-texture breadths, On the other hand, a weak link could be formed at high-angle (> 10 degrees) boundaries where there are the low T-c (2201) or insulating phases. C1 UNIV CAMBRIDGE,IRC SUPERCONDUCT,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HE,ENGLAND. RP Yan, Y (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 12 IS 11 BP 3009 EP 3028 DI 10.1557/JMR.1997.0395 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YG457 UT WOS:A1997YG45700019 ER PT J AU Zhang, XF Todt, VR Miller, DJ AF Zhang, XF Todt, VR Miller, DJ TI From meandering to straight grain boundaries: Improving the structures of artificially induced grain boundaries in superconducting YBa2Cu3Oy bicrystals SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; GROWTH-MECHANISM; MICROSTRUCTURE AB This paper presents several key aspects of our approach to preparing artificially induced [001] tilt grain boundaries (GB's) with uniform, well-defined structures in YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) superconductors. GB structures formed in thin film and bulk bicrystals, respectively, will be compared. In YBCO thin film bicrystals, meandering rather than planar GB's are formed. Using a low film deposition rate has been demonstrated to reduce the magnitude of meander significantly, but complete elimination of the meander has not yet been accomplished. Thus, we have developed a dual-seeded-melt-texture process to produce uniform, planar GB's with controllable misorientation angles in YBCO bulk bicrystals. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies reveal a remarkably planar and simple configuration on different length scales. Such a simple structure allows for an insightful interpretation of transport behavior across individual GB's. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV MAT SCI, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, SCI & TECHNOL CTR SUPERCONDUCT, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 12 IS 11 BP 3029 EP 3035 DI 10.1557/JMR.1997.0396 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YG457 UT WOS:A1997YG45700020 ER PT J AU Holesinger, TG Bingert, JF Willis, JO Maroni, VA Fischer, AK Wu, KT AF Holesinger, TG Bingert, JF Willis, JO Maroni, VA Fischer, AK Wu, KT TI The effects of variable oxygen partial pressures during Bi-2223 tape processing SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CA-CU-O; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; HIGH-TC-PHASE; (BI,PB)(2)SR2CA2CU3OX TAPES; COMPOSITE CONDUCTORS; RAMAN MICROSCOPY; COOLING RATE; 2223 PHASE; SYSTEM; BI AB The effect of changes in the oxygen partial pressure during the heat treatment of Bi-2223 tapes has been investigated. Distinct differences were observed in the phase assemblages, compositions, and critical current densities, Of particular importance in the correlation of transport properties and microstructure was the redistribution of lead in both the secondary phases and the Bi-2223 matrix. The highest J(c) values were associated with tapes that contained Ca2PbO4 as part of the phase assemblage coupled with lower concentrations of lead in the superconducting phase. The high J(c) of 30.4 kA/cm(2) was obtained in tapes processed at 820 degrees C where the oxygen partial pressure was increased from 10% O-2/Ar to 20% O-2/Ar after 25 h of each 50-h sinter cycle. Samples processed only in 10% O-2/Ar at 820 degrees C did not contain Ca2PbO4, had slightly higher concentrations of lead in the superconducting phase, and had significantly lower J(c) values. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60521. SUNY COLL OLD WESTBURY,OLD WESTBURY,NY 11568. RP Holesinger, TG (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,SUPERCONDUCT TECHNOL CTR,MST-6,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 12 IS 11 BP 3046 EP 3054 DI 10.1557/JMR.1997.0398 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YG457 UT WOS:A1997YG45700022 ER PT J AU Wu, LJ Wang, YL Bian, WM Zhu, YM Thurston, TR Sabatini, RL Haldar, P Suenaga, M AF Wu, LJ Wang, YL Bian, WM Zhu, YM Thurston, TR Sabatini, RL Haldar, P Suenaga, M TI Kinetics of the alignment and the formation of the Bi(2223) platelets in the powder-in-tube processed Bi(2223)/Ag composite tapes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RAY-DIFFRACTION PATTERN; (BI,PB)(2)SR2CA2CU3O10+DELTA PHASE; SUPERCONDUCTING PHASE; INTERGROWTH DEFECTS; FORMATION MECHANISM; INDUCED TEXTURE; TEMPERATURE; CONDUCTORS; PB; TRANSFORMATION AB The alignment and the formation of (Bi, Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 inside an Ag sheath were investigated for tapes from four different precursor powders, Microstructural characterization along with in situ transmission x-ray diffraction experiments revealed that the kinetics depended strongly on the processing technique and the phase assemblage of the precursors, The alignment process was governed by the preferential grain growth of the Bi-cuprates along the a-b plane and the constraint applied by the sheath, The formation mechanism of (Bi, Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 was either the intercalation or the nucleation and growth, depending on whether excessive liquid is adjacent to the platelets. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. INTERMAGNET GEN CORP,LATHAM,NY 12110. RP Wu, LJ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI 刘, 猛/B-5529-2012 NR 50 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 12 IS 11 BP 3055 EP 3073 DI 10.1557/JMR.1997.0399 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YG457 UT WOS:A1997YG45700023 ER PT J AU Mench, S Lelovic, M Deis, T Eror, NG Balachandran, U Haldar, P AF Mench, S Lelovic, M Deis, T Eror, NG Balachandran, U Haldar, P TI Losses in ac of BSCCO-2223 superconducting monofilament and multifilament tapes at power frequencies SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS AB The ac magnetic losses at power frequencies (60 Hz) were investigated for mono-and multifilament Ag-sheathed (Bi, Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy (BSCCO-2223) tapes with similar I-c values at 77 K. The multifilament sample exhibited higher losses than the monofilament under the same conditions. Loss peaks are discussed in terms of intergranular, intragranular, and eddy current losses. Because of BSCCO's anisotropy, field orientation has a large effect on the magnitude of these peaks, even at relatively small angles. Losses for fields applied parallel to the c-axis of the textured BSCCO grains are larger by over an order of magnitude than those applied perpendicular. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY TECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439. INTERMAGNET GEN CORP,LATHAM,NY 12100. RP Mench, S (reprint author), UNIV PITTSBURGH,DEPT MAT SCI,PITTSBURGH,PA 15261, USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 12 IS 11 BP 3085 EP 3089 DI 10.1557/JMR.1997.0401 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YG457 UT WOS:A1997YG45700025 ER PT J AU Park, JW Pedraza, AJ Lowndes, DH Allen, WR AF Park, JW Pedraza, AJ Lowndes, DH Allen, WR TI Adhesion mechanisms of copper films deposited onto laser-irradiated alumina SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SAPPHIRE; SURFACES AB Strong adhesion between a deposited copper film and an alumina substrate takes place when the substrate is laser-irradiated prior to deposition. A post-deposition annealing is required to achieve the strong bonding. In this work, the interfacial region between the copper film and the alumina substrate was analyzed using Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). It was found that a transitional region is always present in couples that have a high adhesion strength, while little or no transitional region was found in weakly bonded couples. The transitional region depends on the laser irradiation atmosphere, In the case of laser irradiation in air, oxygen excess was found on the surface of the alumina substrate, and in the copper/alumina couple the transitional region consists of a copper oxide and a Cu-Al double oxide. When the laser irradiation was performed in a reducing atmosphere (Ar-4% H-2), substoichiometric alumina and metallic aluminum were found on the surface of the substrate and also a reaction between copper and the substoichiometric aluminum oxide was detected in the subsurface. Although the substoichiometric alumina is formed on the surface irradiated in Ar-4% H-2, a stable Al2O3 thin layer is formed on the outmost surface because the irradiated substrate is exposed to the atmosphere before deposition. This reoxidized layer remains whole at the interface of the couple upon low temperature (at least up to 300 degrees C) annealing, while it is ruptured upon higher temperature annealing (500 degrees C in this work). In the latter case, the copper film can contact and react with the substoichiometric alumina formed in the subsurface of the substrate irradiated in the Ar-4% H-2 atmosphere. It is concluded that the Cu-Al-O interfacial compound formed in the transitional region causes the strong adhesion between the copper film and the alumina substrate. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. LOCKHEED MARTIN ENERGY SYST INC,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Park, JW (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 12 IS 11 BP 3174 EP 3181 DI 10.1557/JMR.1997.0414 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA YG457 UT WOS:A1997YG45700038 ER PT J AU Balakrishnan, R Blumenfeld, R AF Balakrishnan, R Blumenfeld, R TI Transformation of general curve evolution to a modified Belavin-Polyakov equation SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS AB We show that the general evolution of the tangent to a curve in three-dimensional space can be transformed to a modified form of the Belavin-Polyakov equation. Using this, we fmd a rich variety of exact instanton and twist solutions for several classes of evolution. Certain physical applications are also discussed. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CNLS,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Balakrishnan, R (reprint author), INST MATH SCI,CIT CAMPUS,MADRAS 600113,TAMIL NADU,INDIA. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 38 IS 11 BP 5878 EP 5888 DI 10.1063/1.532171 PG 11 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA YD812 UT WOS:A1997YD81200030 ER PT J AU Protsykevytch, IA Kalyuzhnyi, YV Holovko, MF Blum, L AF Protsykevytch, IA Kalyuzhnyi, YV Holovko, MF Blum, L TI Solution of the polymer mean spherical approximation for the totally flexible sticky two-point electrolyte model SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS LA English DT Article DE linear polymers; polyelectrolytes; mean spherical approximation; Wertheim ID ORNSTEIN-ZERNIKE EQUATION; DIRECTIONAL ATTRACTIVE FORCES; THERMODYNAMIC PERTURBATION-THEORY; PERCUS-YEVICK APPROXIMATION; CHARGED HARD SPHERES; ANALYTIC SOLUTION; INTEGRAL-EQUATION; YUKAWA CLOSURE; ASYMMETRIC ELECTROLYTES; PRIMITIVE MODEL AB The general solution of the pol!mer MSA (mean spherical approximation) for an arbitrary mixture of charged hard spheres with multiple bonding obtained recently by Blum, Holovko and Protsykevytch [J. Stat. Phys,] is applied to the case of totally flexible linear polymer chains. The approximation is an extension of the associative MSA proposed by M.Holovko and Yu.Kalyuzhnyi, [Mul.Phys., 73, 1145(1991)] to study the effects of association in ionic systems. The model is defined by adding charges to the multicomponent version of the totally-flexible sticky two-point model of associating monomers introduced by Wertheim. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE, DEPT CHEM ENGN, KNOXVILLE, TN 37996 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM TECHNOL, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. UNIV PUERTO RICO, DEPT PHYS, RIO PIEDRAS, PR 00931 USA. NATL ACAD SCI UKRAINE, INST CONDENSED MATTER PHYS, LVOV 11, UKRAINE. RP Protsykevytch, IA (reprint author), INST CONDENSED MATTER PHYS, SVIENTSITSKOHO 1, UA-290011 LVOV, UKRAINE. NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7322 J9 J MOL LIQ JI J. Mol. Liq. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 73-4 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1016/S0167-7322(97)00053-6 PG 20 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA YG284 UT WOS:A1997YG28400002 ER PT J AU Chialvo, AA Cummings, PT Simonson, JM Mesmer, RE AF Chialvo, AA Cummings, PT Simonson, JM Mesmer, RE TI Molecular simulation study of speciation in supercritical aqueous NaCl solutions SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS LA English DT Article ID ION-PAIR ASSOCIATION; SODIUM-CHLORIDE; NA+-CL; DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; MEAN FORCE; WATER; DESTRUCTION; CONDUCTANCE; TEMPERATURE; OXIDATION AB Molecular simulation of dilute NaCl aqueous solutions are performed to study the thermodynamics and kinetics of Na+/Cl- speciation at high temperature. Using the SPC, the Pettitt-Rossky, and the Fumi-Tosi models for the water-water, the ion-water, and the ion-ion interactions respectively, we determine the enthalpy and volume of association at the reduced conditions of T-r = 1.05 and p(r) = 1.5, and compare with the corresponding predictions of a recent correlation based on conductance measurements at high temperature. The forward and backward (transition state theory) kinetic rate constants for the interconversion between contact and solvent-shared ion pair configurations along the reduced isotherm of T-r = 1.05, and the transmission coefficient at T-r = 1.05 and p(r) = 1.0 are assessed by simulation and compared with the corresponding quantities at ambient conditions. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Chialvo, AA (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT CHEM ENGN,419 DOUGHERTY ENGN BLDG,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. RI Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013; OI Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216; Chialvo, Ariel/0000-0002-6091-4563 NR 45 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7322 J9 J MOL LIQ JI J. Mol. Liq. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 73-4 BP 361 EP 372 DI 10.1016/S0167-7322(97)00079-2 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA YG284 UT WOS:A1997YG28400028 ER PT J AU Almazouzi, A Victoria, M Singh, BN de la Rubia, TD AF Almazouzi, A Victoria, M Singh, BN de la Rubia, TD TI Proceedings of the International Workshop on Defect Production, Accumulation and Materials Performance in an Irradiation Environment - Davos, Switzerland - October 2-8, 1996 - Preface SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 EPFL, CRPP, Fus Technol Mat, Lausanne, Switzerland. Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, Roskilde, Denmark. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Almazouzi, A (reprint author), EPFL, CRPP, Fus Technol Mat, Lausanne, Switzerland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 251 BP VII EP VII DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(98)80002-0 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YQ525 UT WOS:000071396500001 ER PT J AU de la Rubia, TD Soneda, N Caturla, MJ Alonso, EA AF de la Rubia, TD Soneda, N Caturla, MJ Alonso, EA TI Defect production and annealing kinetics in elemental metals and semiconductors SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Defect Production, Accumulation and Materials Performance in an Irradiation Environment CY OCT 02-08, 1996 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Riso Natl Lab, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Fus Technol Mat Grp, Swiss Euratom Assoc ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; INITIO PSEUDOPOTENTIAL CALCULATIONS; EMBEDDED ATOM METHOD; DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; POINT-DEFECTS; ENHANCED DIFFUSION; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; ION-IRRADIATION; BCC METALS AB We present a review of recent results of molecular dynamics (MD) and kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations of defect production and annealing in irradiated metals and semiconductors. The MD simulations describe the primary damage state in elemental metals Fe, V and Au, and in an elemental semiconductor Si. We describe the production of interstitial and vacancy clusters in the cascades and highlight the differences among the various materials. In particular, we discuss how covalent bonding in Si affects defect production and amorphization resulting in a very different primary damage state from the metals. We also use MD simulations to extract prefactors and activation energies for migration of point defects, as well as to investigate the energetics, geometry and diffusivity of small vacancy and interstitial clusters. We show that, in the metals, small interstitial clusters are highly mobile and glide in one dimension along the direction of the Burger's vector. In silicon, we show that, in contrast to the metals, the neutral vacancy diffuses faster than the neutral self-interstitial. The results for the primary damage state and for the defect energetics and kinetics are then combined and used in a kinetic Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the escape efficiency of defects from their nascent cascade in metals, and the effect of dose rate on damage accumulation and amorphization in silicon. We show that in fee metals Au and Pb at or above stage V the escape probability is approximately 40% for 30 keV recoils so that the freely migrating defect fraction is approximately 10% of the dpa standard. In silicon, we show that damage accumulation at room temperature during light ion implantation can be significantly reduced by decreasing the dose rate. The results are compared to scanning tunneling microscopy experiments. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 201, Japan. RP de la Rubia, TD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, L-268,POB 808, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM delarubia@llnl.gov RI Caturla, Maria /D-6241-2012 OI Caturla, Maria /0000-0002-4809-6553 NR 78 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 251 BP 13 EP 33 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(97)00265-1 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YQ525 UT WOS:000071396500003 ER PT J AU Stoller, RE Odette, GR Wirth, BD AF Stoller, RE Odette, GR Wirth, BD TI Primary damage formation in bcc iron SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Defect Production, Accumulation and Materials Performance in an Irradiation Environment CY OCT 02-08, 1996 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Riso Natl Lab, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Fus Technol Mat Grp, Swiss Euratom Assoc ID DISPLACEMENT CASCADES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; METALS; COPPER AB Primary defect formation in bcc iron has been extensively investigated using the methods of molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. This research has employed a modified version of the Finnis-Sinclair interatomic potential. MD was used in the simulation of displacement cascades with energies up to 40 keV and to examine the migration of the interstitial clusters that were observed to form in the cascade simulations. Interstitial cluster binding energies and the stable cluster configurations were determined by structural relaxation and energy minimization using a MC method with Clusters containing up to 19 interstitials were examined. Taken together with the previous work, these new simulations provide a reasonably complete description of primary defect formation in iron. The results of the displacement cascade simulations have been used to characterize the energy and temperature dependence of primary defect formation in terms of two parameters: (1) the number of surviving point defects and (2) the fraction of the surviving defects that are contained in clusters. The number of surviving point defects is expressed as a fraction of the atomic displacements calculated using the secondary displacement model of Norgett-Robinson-Torrens (NRT). Although the results of the high energy simulations are generally consistent with those obtained at lower energies, two notable exceptions were observed. The first is that extensive subcascade formation at 40 keV leads to a higher defect survival fraction than would be predicted from extrapolation of the results obtained for energies up to 20 keV. The stable defect fraction obtained from the MD simulations a smoothly decreasing function up to 20 keV. Subcascade formation leads to a slight increase in this ratio at 40 keV, where the value is about the same as at 10 keV. Secondly, the potential for a significant level of in-cascade vacancy clustering was observed. Previous cascade studies employing this potential have reported extensive interstitial clustering, but little evidence of vacancy clustering. Interstitial clusters were found to be strongly bound, with binding energies in excess of 1 eV. The larger clusters exhibited a complex, 3D structure and were composed of [111] crowdions. These clusters were observed to migrate by collective [111] translations with an activation energy on the order of 0.1 eV. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mech & Environm Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Stoller, RE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM rkn@orn1.gov RI Stoller, Roger/H-4454-2011; Wirth, Brian/O-4878-2015 OI Wirth, Brian/0000-0002-0395-0285 NR 25 TC 185 Z9 186 U1 1 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 251 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(97)00256-0 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YQ525 UT WOS:000071396500005 ER PT J AU Heinisch, HL Singh, BN AF Heinisch, HL Singh, BN TI Stochastic annealing simulation of intracascade defect interactions SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Defect Production, Accumulation and Materials Performance in an Irradiation Environment CY OCT 02-08, 1996 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Riso Natl Lab, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Fus Technol Mat Grp, Swiss Euratom Assoc ID CASCADE DAMAGE CONDITIONS; PRODUCTION BIAS; METALS; ACCUMULATION; TRANSIENT; ENERGY AB Atomic scale computer simulations are used to investigate the intracascade evolution of the defect populations produced in cascades in copper over macroscopic time scales. Starting with cascades generated using molecular dynamics, the diffusive transport and interactions of the defects are followed for hundreds of seconds in stochastic annealing simulations. The temperature dependencies of annihilation, clustering and free defect production are determined for individual cascades, especially including the effects of the subcascade structure of high energy cascades. The subcascade structure is simulated by closely spaced groups of lower energy MD cascades. The simulation results illustrate the strong influence of the defect configuration existing in the primary damage state on subsequent intracascade evolution. Other significant factors affecting the evolution of the defect distribution are the large differences in mobility and stability of vacancy and interstitial defects and the rapid one-dimensional diffusion of small, glissile interstitial clusters produced directly in cascades. Annealing simulations are also performed on high-energy, subcascade-producing cascades generated with the binary collision approximation and calibrated to MD results. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Dept Mat Res, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Heinisch, HL (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, Dept Chem & Mat Sci, P Box 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 251 BP 77 EP 85 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(97)00219-5 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YQ525 UT WOS:000071396500008 ER PT J AU Lam, NQ Okamoto, PR Li, M AF Lam, NQ Okamoto, PR Li, M TI Disorder-induced amorphization SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Defect Production, Accumulation and Materials Performance in an Irradiation Environment CY OCT 02-08, 1996 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Riso Natl Lab, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Fus Technol Mat Grp, Swiss Euratom Assoc ID RADIATION-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; IRRADIATION-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; ORDERED INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; BEAM-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; SOLID-STATE AMORPHIZATION; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; AMORPHOUS TRANSITION; ELECTRON-IRRADIATION; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; ION IRRADIATION AB Many crystalline materials undergo a crystalline-to-amorphous (c-a) phase transition when subjected to energetic particle irradiation at low temperatures. By focusing on the mean-square static atomic displacement as a generic measure of chemical and topological disorder, we are led quite naturally to a generalized version of the Lindemann melting criterion as a conceptual framework for a unified thermodynamic approach to solid-state amorphizing transformations. Tn its simplest form, the generalized Lindemann criterion assumes that the sum of the static and dynamic mean-square atomic displacements is constant along the polymorphous melting curve, so that c-a transformations can be understood simply as melting of critically-disordered crystals at temperatures below the glass transition temperature where the supercooled liquid can persist indefinitely in a configurationally-frozen state. Evidence in support of the generalized Lindemann melting criterion for amorphization is provided by a large variety of experimental observations and by molecular dynamics simulations of heat-induced melting and defect-induced amorphization of intermetallic compounds. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lam, NQ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM nghi_lam@qmgate.anl.gov NR 58 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 251 BP 89 EP 97 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(97)00257-2 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YQ525 UT WOS:000071396500010 ER PT J AU Gelles, DS Hankin, GL Hamilton, ML AF Gelles, DS Hankin, GL Hamilton, ML TI The consequences of helium production on microstructural development and deformation response in isotopically tailored ferritic alloys SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Defect Production, Accumulation and Materials Performance in an Irradiation Environment CY OCT 02-08, 1996 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Riso Natl Lab, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Fus Technol Mat Grp, Swiss Euratom Assoc ID NI-59; DPA AB A series of alloys have been made adding various isotopes of nickel to a ferritic/martensitic steel in order to vary the production of helium during irradiation. 1.5% nickel was added to Fe-12Cr either in the form of Ni-60 which produces no helium, Ni-59 which produces helium at a rate of about 10 appm He/dpa, or natural nickel which provides an intermediate level of helium due to delayed development of Ni-59. Specimens were irradiated in the HFIR to 7 dpa at 300, 100, 500, and 600 degrees C. This paper reports on microstructural differences and differences in deformation response, measured by shear punch testing, found between these specimens irradiated under identical conditions but with the different nickel isotopes. Little microstructural difference was found between specimens with Ni-59 and Ni-Nat. Helium bubble development for high helium generation conditions appeared to be very different at 300 and 400 degrees C. At 300 degrees C, it appeared that high densities of bubble-like features formed whereas at 400 degrees C, only voids could be found. The addition of nickel at tiny isotopic balance tn the Fe-12Cr base alloy significantly increased the shear yield and maximum strengths of the alloys with the strength of the alloys decreasing with increasing irradiation temperature. However, helium itself, up to 75 appm at over 7 dpa, appears to have little effect on the mechanical properties of the alloys. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Loughborough Univ Technol, Inst Polymer Technol & Mat Engn, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England. RP Gelles, DS (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM ds_gelles@pnl.gov NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 251 BP 188 EP 199 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(97)00222-5 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YQ525 UT WOS:000071396500020 ER PT J AU Zinkle, SJ Kinoshita, C AF Zinkle, SJ Kinoshita, C TI Defect production in ceramics SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Defect Production, Accumulation and Materials Performance in an Irradiation Environment CY OCT 02-08, 1996 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Riso Natl Lab, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Fus Technol Mat Grp, Swiss Euratom Assoc ID DISPLACEMENT THRESHOLD ENERGY; ELECTRON-IRRADIATED DIAMOND; SINGLE-CRYSTAL AL2O3; RADIATION-DAMAGE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; ENHANCED DIFFUSION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; POLYATOMIC MATERIALS; ATOMIC DISPLACEMENT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB A review is given of several important defect production and accumulation parameters fur irradiated ceramics. Materials covered in this review include alumina, magnesia, spinel, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride and diamond. Whereas threshold displacement energies for many ceramics are known within a reasonable level of uncertainty (with notable exceptions being AlN and Si3N4), relatively little information exists on the equally important parameters of surviving defect fraction (defect production efficiency) and point defect migration energies for must ceramics. Very little fundamental displacement damage information is available for nitride ceramics. The role of subthreshold irradiation on defect migration and microstructural evolution is also briefly discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Kyushu Univ 36, Dept Nucl Engn, Fukuoka 812, Japan. RP Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zinklesj@ornl.gov OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 170 TC 282 Z9 284 U1 13 U2 92 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 EI 1873-4820 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 251 BP 200 EP 217 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(97)00224-9 PG 18 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YQ525 UT WOS:000071396500021 ER PT J AU Garner, FA Toloczko, MB AF Garner, FA Toloczko, MB TI Irradiation creep and void swelling of austenitic stainless steels at low displacement rates in light water energy systems SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Defect Production, Accumulation and Materials Performance in an Irradiation Environment CY OCT 02-08, 1996 CL DAVOS, SWITZERLAND SP Riso Natl Lab, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Fus Technol Mat Grp, Swiss Euratom Assoc AB The majority of the high fluence data on he void swelling and irradiation creep of austenitic steels was generated at relatively high displacement rates characteristic of fast reactors. The application of these data to other reactor systems which operate at lower displacement rates requires that some estimate be made of the dependence of swelling and irradiation creep on displacement rate. Austenitic components in typical light water reactors (LWRs) experience displacement rates that are an order of magnitude or more lower than that found is fast reactors. Since irradiation creep has a component that is proportional to swelling, it is anticipated that irradiation creep ir ill exhibit a sensitivity to displacement rate that is a direct expression of the dependence of swelling on displacement rate. Until recently, however, the non-swelling-related component of creep was also thought to exhibit its own dependence on displacement rate, increasing at lower fluxes. This perception originally arose from the work of Lewthwaite and Mosedale on irradiation creep of cold-worked steels in the Dounreay Fast Reactor at temperatures in die 270-350 degrees C range. It now appears that this interpretation is incorrect and, in fact, the steady-state value of ale non-swelling component of irradiation creep is relatively insensitive to displacement rate. The earlier perceived flux dependence appears to have arises from a failure to properly separate the transient and steady-state regimes of irradiation creep. As evidence begins to accumulate on void swelling of stainless steels at LWR-relevant displacement rates, voids are being observed at lower-than-expected temperatures and often at very low dpa levels, implying that the 'temperature shift' phenomenon may indeed be operating to increase swelling. It is demonstrated in this paper that if swelling exceeds similar to 10% at PWR-relevant temperatures, stainless steels become very brittle. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Garner, FA (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 16 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 251 BP 252 EP 261 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(97)00260-2 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YQ525 UT WOS:000071396500025 ER PT J AU Almazouzi, A de la Rubia, TD Ishino, S Lam, NQ Singh, BN Trinkaus, H Victoria, M Zinkle, S AF Almazouzi, A de la Rubia, TD Ishino, S Lam, NQ Singh, BN Trinkaus, H Victoria, M Zinkle, S TI Defect production, accumulation, and materials performance in an irradiation environment SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Paul Scherrer Inst, CRPP Fus Technol Mat, EPF Lausanne, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Tokai Univ, Dept Nucl Engn, Kanagawa 25912, Japan. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Singh, BN (reprint author), Riso Natl Lab, Mat Res Dept, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. EM afm@risoe.dk OI Zinkle, Steven/0000-0003-2890-6915 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 251 BP 291 EP 294 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(97)00277-8 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YQ525 UT WOS:000071396500030 ER PT J AU Roth, J Wampler, WR Jacob, W AF Roth, J Wampler, WR Jacob, W TI Release of deuterium from carbon-deuterium films on beryllium during carbide formation and oxidation SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; CROSS-SECTION; BACKSCATTERING; RETENTION AB Amorphous carbon-deuterium (a-C:D) films on beryllium substrates were vacuum annealed while the composition versus depth was followed using Rutherford backscattering, elastic recoil detection and Auger electron spectroscopy. The a-C:D film reacts with the Be substrate to form stoichiometric beryllium carbide, Be2C. The reaction begins at the interface and progresses through the film around 500 degrees C until the entire film has reacted. D is absent from the reacted portion of the film but is still present in the unreacted carbon. The a-C:D films are removed from the Be without forming carbide by heating in oxygen at 400 degrees C. Ion beam analysis was also used to study the oxidation of Be at temperatures up to 680 degrees C. Through sequential exposures to different isotopes of oxygen it was shown that oxidation occurs by permeation of Be from the metal/oxide interface to the outer surface. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Roth, J (reprint author), EURATOM,MAX PLANCK INST PLASMAPHYS,BOLTZMANNSTR 2,D-85748 GARCHING,GERMANY. OI Jacob, Wolfgang/0000-0003-3504-142X NR 16 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 250 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(97)00236-5 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YG937 UT WOS:A1997YG93700003 ER PT J AU Smith, KL Zaluzec, NJ Lumpkin, GR AF Smith, KL Zaluzec, NJ Lumpkin, GR TI In situ studies of ion irradiated zirconolite, pyrochlore and perovskite SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BEAM-INDUCED AMORPHIZATION; ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; ALPHA-RECOIL DAMAGE; RADIATION-DAMAGE; NATURAL ZIRCONOLITE; CAZRTI2O7; SYNROC; TRANSITION; MINERALS; GD2TI2O7 AB The relative radiation resistance of the structures of zirconolite, pyrochlore and perovksite wore investigated by in situ transmission electron microscopy using 1.5 MeV Kr+ ions in the HVEM-Tandem User Facility, at Argonne National Laboratory. A suite of six fabricated zirconolites, one fabricated pyrochlore and one natural perovskite was used. Damage accumulation essentially occurs in the same way in all three phases and is revealed by the following changes in SAD patterns: weakening of superlattice Bragg diffraction maxima, appearance of diffuse rings which increase in intensity with dose, disappearance of superlattice or other specific classes of maxima, and disappearance of remaining sublattice maxima leaving only diffuse rings. The average critical doses for amorphisation (D-c) for all the zirconolites (undoped, Nd-doped, U-doped and Th-doped) and the pyrochlore in this study varied by a factor of similar to 2 (from 3.5 to 6.1 X 10(18) ions m(-2)). No correlations were observed between D-c and the atomic weight of dopants in zirconolite or the mean atomic weight of the sample. The D-c value at room temperature of perovskite was found to be 1.8 X 10(19) ions m(-2), 3-5 times the D-c values for zirconolite. This observation is in line with what one expects from the topologic and chemical complexity of the two phases and is compared with the results of previous authors. Preliminary assessment was made of EELS as a tool for monitoring radiation damage. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Smith, KL (reprint author), AUSTRALIAN NUCL SCI & TECHNOL ORG,DIV MAT,PMB 1,MENAI,NSW 2234,AUSTRALIA. RI Lumpkin, Gregory/A-7558-2008 NR 52 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3115 J9 J NUCL MATER JI J. Nucl. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 250 IS 1 BP 36 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0022-3115(97)00237-7 PG 17 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Materials Science; Nuclear Science & Technology GA YG937 UT WOS:A1997YG93700005 ER PT J AU Kaye, B Garner, RC Mauthe, RJ Freeman, SPHT Turteltaub, KW AF Kaye, B Garner, RC Mauthe, RJ Freeman, SPHT Turteltaub, KW TI A preliminary evaluation of accelerator mass spectrometry in the biomedical field SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE accelerator mass spectrometry; long-lived isotopes; nanocurie dose; MicroSievert ID AMS C1 UNIV YORK,DEPT BIOL,JACK BIRCH UNIT ENVIRONM CARCINOGENESIS,YORK YO1 5DD,N YORKSHIRE,ENGLAND. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CTR ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY,LIVERMORE,CA. RP Kaye, B (reprint author), PFIZER LTD,CENT RES,DEPT DRUG METAB,SANDWICH CT13 9NJ,KENT,ENGLAND. RI Freeman, Stewart/C-3290-2012 OI Freeman, Stewart/0000-0001-6148-3171 NR 6 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0731-7085 J9 J PHARMACEUT BIOMED JI J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 16 IS 3 BP 541 EP 543 DI 10.1016/S0731-7085(97)00104-0 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA YJ695 UT WOS:A1997YJ69500022 PM 9589415 ER PT J AU Hamza, AV Balooch, M AF Hamza, AV Balooch, M TI Angular distribution of C-60 and C-70 scattered from SiO2, SiC, and Si(100) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Fullerene 96 Conference CY JUL 07-10, 1996 CL KEBLE COLL, OXFORD, ENGLAND HO KEBLE COLL DE fullerenes; surfaces ID SURFACE; MODEL AB The angular scattering distribution of thermal modulated beams of C-60 and C-70 from native silicon oxide and SiC formed from the decomposition-reaction of fullerenes with cleaned Si(100) has been measured by a rotating ionizer-electron multiplier combination. On the native oxide the angular distribution was cosine at low temperature (550 K). As the temperature increased, however, a small component of direct-inelastic scattering was detected. The direct-inelastic component increased with temperature up to 850 K. From the distributions, the trapping coefficient as a function of temperature was deduced. Scattering of both C (60) and C-70 from SiC/Si(100) were cosine independent of surface temperature. For the case of C-60, this is due to either the increase in the attractive interaction between C-60 and the C-60 covered surface or the increased roughness of the SiC/Si(100) surface. For the case of C-70, the cosine angular distribution could not be ascribed to the increased attractive interaction. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Hamza, AV (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD NOV PY 1997 VL 58 IS 11 BP 1973 EP 1978 DI 10.1016/S0022-3697(97)00073-5 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA YR586 UT WOS:000071510100054 ER PT J AU Sakshaug, E Bricaud, A Dandonneau, Y Falkowski, PG Kiefer, DA Legendre, L Morel, A Parslow, J Takahashi, M AF Sakshaug, E Bricaud, A Dandonneau, Y Falkowski, PG Kiefer, DA Legendre, L Morel, A Parslow, J Takahashi, M TI Parameters of photosynthesis: definitions, theory and interpretation of results SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID CHLOROPHYLL-A FLUORESCENCE; OCEANIC PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SPECTRAL ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; SOLAR-STIMULATED FLUORESCENCE; DIATOM SKELETONEMA-COSTATUM; STEADY-STATE DESCRIPTION; TOTAL CARBON METABOLISMS; QUANTUM YIELD; PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHOTOSYSTEM-II AB A global assessment of carbon flux in the world ocean is one of the major undertakings of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS). This has to be undertaken using historical in situ data of primary productivity. As required by the temporal and spatial scales involved in a global study, it can be conveniently done by combining, through appropriate models, remotely sensed information (chlorophyll a, temperature) with basic information about the parameters related to the carbon uptake by phytoplanktonic algae. This requires a better understanding as well as a more extended knowledge of these parameters which govern the radiative energy absorption and utilization by algae in photosynthesis. The measurement of the photosynthetic response of algae [the photosynthesis (P) versus irradiance (E) curves], besides being less shiptime consuming than in situ primary production experiments, allows the needed parameters to be derived and systematically studied as a function of the physical, chemical and ecological conditions. The aim of the present paper is to review the sig nificance of these parameters, especially in view of their introduction into models, to analyze the causes of their variations in the light of physiological considerations, and finally to provide methodological recommendations for meaningful determinations, and interpretation, of the data resulting from P versus E determinations. Of main concern are the available and usable irradiance, the chlorophyll a-specific absorption capabilities of the algae, the maximum light utilization coefficient (alpha), the maximum quantum yield (phi(m)), the maximum photosynthetic rate (P(m)) and the light saturation index (E(k)) The potential of other, non-intrusive, approaches, such as the stimulated variable fluorescence, or the sun-induced natural fluorescence techniques is also examined. C1 Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Trondhjem Biol Stn, N-7018 Trondheim, Norway. Phys & Chim Marines Lab, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. Univ Paris 06, LODYC, F-75252 Paris 05, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Oceanog & Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90080 USA. Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. CSIRO, Div Fisheries, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ Tokyo, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Biol, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 153, Japan. RP Sakshaug, E (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Trondhjem Biol Stn, Bynesvegen 46, N-7018 Trondheim, Norway. NR 157 TC 219 Z9 225 U1 8 U2 86 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 19 IS 11 BP 1637 EP 1670 DI 10.1093/plankt/19.11.1637 PG 34 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA YN451 UT WOS:000071169900005 ER PT J AU Simos, N Chassapis, C AF Simos, N Chassapis, C TI A boundary integral approach to attachment/spherical shell interaction SO JOURNAL OF PRESSURE VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article AB In pressure vessel applications, the accurate evaluation of the state of stress in the vicinity of nozzles or rigid attachments is of vital importance to the structural integrity of the vessel. Consequently, a number of investigations have paid attention to the problem and, through analytical and numerical approaches, provided information concerning the effect of system parameters, such as shell curvature and attachment geometry, on stress concentration and effective shell stiffness. While analytical solutions have only been able to provide information to axisymmetric problems, finite element approaches have been widely used as an attractive alternative. In evaluating the latter one can identify the high computational cost that accompanies analyses dealing with complex systems. In this study, the performance of a boundary integral scheme is assessed as a possible analytical and/or numerical tool in dealing with spherical shells interacting with attachments. Such method hopes to achieve a close to analytical solutions representation of the stress stare in the vicinity of the attachment that is accompanied by significant reduction in the computational cost. To achieve this, a set of integral equations, which satisfy the edge constraints, are reduced to a system of algebraic equations. These integral equations utilize singular solutions obtained for deep (nonshallow) spherical shells, which in turn are mol-e representative of the shell domain. Explicit comparisons, on the basis of representative shell-attachment interaction problems, between the finite element and boundary integral computational techniques are conducted in order to assess the performance and efficiency of the new method. Finally, shell stiffnesses in the form of insert translations and rotations are presented in dimensionless form. C1 STEVENS INST TECHNOL,DEPT MECH ENGN,HOBOKEN,NJ 07030. RP Simos, N (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT ADV TECHNOL,SSN DIV,BLDG 197C,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0094-9930 J9 J PRESS VESS-T ASME JI J. Press. Vessel Technol.-Trans. ASME PD NOV PY 1997 VL 119 IS 4 BP 407 EP 413 DI 10.1115/1.2842323 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA YJ016 UT WOS:A1997YJ01600003 ER PT J AU Harrar, JE Rigdon, LP Rice, SF AF Harrar, JE Rigdon, LP Rice, SF TI Raman spectral study of solutions of N2O4 and N2O5 in nitric acid SO JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article ID DINITROGEN PENTOXIDE; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; ANHYDROUS HNO3; CROSS-SECTIONS; LIQUID-PHASE; TEMPERATURE; NITRONIUM; MOLECULES; COMPLEXES; MIXTURES AB Solutions of N2O4 and N2O5 in anhydrous and aqueous nitric acid were examined by Raman spectroscopy to gain a more detailed knowledge of the species present in these solutions and to assess the applicability of Raman spectroscopy as an analytical measurement technique. Solutions of N2O4 in HNO3 show evidence of the presence of the associated species, 3NO(+). NO3-(N4O62+), which had been identified previously in a solid compound. The effects of water on the spectra of these solutions were also examined. The nitronium cation, NO2+, is the dominant species in solutions of N2O5 in anhydrous HNO,, and the spectra of concentrated solutions of N2O5 exhibit a band that has not been reported previously. This weak band, which may be the same as a band found in the spectra of solids containing the nitronium cation, has been attributed to a second vibrational mode of the molecule. This indicates a nonlinear conformation of the NO, + ion, and suggests that it is strongly associated with other species in solution. The Raman data indicate that N2O5 in HNO3 is completely ionized at concentrations to at least 3.0 mol l(-1) (21 wt%). (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RP Harrar, JE (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,ENVIRONM PROTECT DEPT,L-626,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 64 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0377-0486 J9 J RAMAN SPECTROSC JI J. Raman Spectrosc. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 28 IS 11 BP 891 EP 899 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4555(199711)28:11<891::AID-JRS180>3.0.CO;2-Z PG 9 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA YG469 UT WOS:A1997YG46900009 ER PT J AU Zhang, DZ Rauenzahn, RM AF Zhang, DZ Rauenzahn, RM TI A viscoelastic model for dense granular flows SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INITIAL-VALUE PROBLEMS; DIRECT SIMULATION; NEWTONIAN FLUID; KINETIC-THEORY; SOLID BODIES; PHASE STRESS; 2-PHASE FLOW; SPHERES; PARTICLES; PACKINGS AB In traditional kinetic theory for a granular flow, it is usually assumed that particle interactions are instantaneous and binary. For a dense granular system, these assumptions are usually invalid. In this paper, we use an ensemble averaging technique to examine the effects of finite particle interaction time and multiparticle collisions. The main objectives of this paper are to develop a method and to provide a tool to study dense granular materials. As an example, we study flows of granular particles coated with thin layers of resin. To model particle elasticity and resin viscosity, the force between a pair of particles is approximated by a serial connection of a linear spring and a dashpot. Subsequently, a viscoelastic model is developed from the averaging method. In order to determine coefficients in the constitutive model, direct numerical simulations are performed. When the particle concentration is relatively low, the shear stress is quadratically proportional to the shear rate, in agreement with kinetic theories. At a high particle concentration, the shear stress depends linearly on the rate of strain. The transition between this quadratic and linear dependence is similar to a phase transition. In a dense system, when the shear rate exceeds a critical value, shear band formation is also observed. (C) 1997 The Society of Rheology. RP Zhang, DZ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,FLUID DYNAM GRP,T-3,B216,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 33 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 41 IS 6 BP 1275 EP 1298 DI 10.1122/1.550844 PG 24 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA YE695 UT WOS:A1997YE69500004 ER PT J AU Goodwin, TJ Radousky, HB Shelton, RN AF Goodwin, TJ Radousky, HB Shelton, RN TI Structural properties and oxygen stoichiometry of (Pr1.5Ce0.5)Sr2Cu2TaO10-delta and (R1.5-xPrxCe0.5)Sr2Cu2NbO10-delta, R = Nd, Sm, Eu: Correlations with electronic and magnetic properties SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; RARE-EARTH; PR; CUPRATE; SYSTEM; PHASE; OXIDES; Y1-XPRXBA2CU3O7; METAMAGNETISM; PRBA2CU3O7 AB The structural parameters, phase purity, and oxygen stoichiometry of the (Pr1.5Ce0.5)Sr2Cu2TaO10-delta and (R1.5-xPrxCe0.5) Sr2Cu2NbO10-delta, R = Nd, Sm, Eu, compounds are investigated with powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinements, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), The XRD data indicate that all the (R1.5-xPrxCe0.5) Sr2Cu2NbO10-delta compounds are isostructural and typically 98% pure. Rietveld refinements reveal a contraction of the c lattice parameter and features in the rare earth-planar oxygen bond length (as functions of Pr doping) that are correlated with the unusual electronic and magnetic transitions induced by the Pr ion in these materials, Results for deoxygenated samples show that the lattice expands upon deoxygenation and suggest that the oxygen is removed primarily from the SrO layers, TGA results reveal reliable techniques for determining oxygen stoichiometries and deoxygenating these compounds and that these compounds are oxygen deficient with delta's of typically 0.045. The structural features of these compounds are compared to similar high T-c cuprates, and related to the electronic and magnetic transitions and the suppression of superconductivity induced by the Pr ion in these materials, We discuss our results in terms of the current understanding of high T-c cuprates and models for the suppression of superconductivity by the Pr ion in the related (R1-xPrx)Ba2CU3O7 system. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Goodwin, TJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 133 IS 2 BP 445 EP 457 DI 10.1006/jssc.1997.7509 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YM598 UT WOS:000071080800015 ER PT J AU Vaughey, JT Miller, GJ Gravelle, S Leon-Escamilla, EA Corbett, JD AF Vaughey, JT Miller, GJ Gravelle, S Leon-Escamilla, EA Corbett, JD TI Synthesis, structure, and properties of BaGe2: A study of tetrahedral cluster packing and other three-connected nets in zintl phases SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESISTIVITY; PRESSURE; CASI2 AB BaGe2 crystallizes in the BaSi2 structure type; space group Pnma (No. 62); a = 9.078(3) Angstrom, b = 6.829(2) Angstrom, c = 11.653(3) Angstrom; Z = 8; R = 0.022; R-w = 0.025 (I > 3 sigma(I)) for 542 reflections with 2 theta(max) = 50 degrees measured on a single-crystal diffractometer, Magnetic susceptibility measurements confirm its closed shell behavior (diamagnetic), and electrical resistivity measurements place a lower bound on its room temperature resistivity at ca, 1 m Ohm . cm. Lattice energy calculations rationalize the observed packing arrangement of [Ge-4](4-) tetrahedra and Ba2+ cations, while extended Huckel calculations are utilized to compare the electronic structures of various three-connected nets common to Zintl ions with five valence electrons per atom. (C) 1997 Academic Press. C1 Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Chem, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Miller, GJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, US DOE, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. OI Vaughey, John/0000-0002-2556-6129 NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 133 IS 2 BP 501 EP 507 DI 10.1006/jssc.1997.7517 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YM598 UT WOS:000071080800021 ER PT J AU Shyamala, G Barcellos-Hoff, MH Toft, D Yang, X AF Shyamala, G Barcellos-Hoff, MH Toft, D Yang, X TI In situ localization of progesterone receptors in normal mouse mammary glands: Absence of receptors in the connective and adipose stroma and a heterogeneous distribution in the epithelium SO JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-BREAST; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; HUMAN-ENDOMETRIUM; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; SUPERFAMILY; EXPRESSION; SEQUENCE AB In normal mammary glands of both rodents and humans, progesterone promotes the proliferation of epithelial cells and several lines of evidence suggest that this action of progesterone may be mediated by progesterone receptor (PR). It is well established that normal mammary development involves a complex interplay between the epithelial cells and the surrounding fatty stroma. Furthermore, during mammary development, there is a change in both the relative proportion of epithelial cells and the steady-state levels of PR. Therefore, towards understanding the precise role of PR in mammary development, we have generated a highly sensitive antibody against mouse PR and examined its pattern of localization. Immunoreactive PR was detected only in the epithelial cells of the ducts while both the adipose and fibrous stroma surrounding these ducts were receptor negative. Similarly, PR mRNA was also associated only with the ductal epithelial cells. Approximately only 45-50% of the ductal cells were receptor positive and this distribution remained unchanged whether or not the tissues had been exposed to estrogen, suggesting that they may represent a distinct subpopulation. The potential significance of these findings to mammary development is discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Rochester, MN USA. RP Shyamala, G (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Life Sci, Bldg 74, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 66541] NR 28 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-0760 J9 J STEROID BIOCHEM JI J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 63 IS 4-6 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.1016/S0960-0760(97)00128-3 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA YR589 UT WOS:000071510400010 PM 9459191 ER PT J AU Lynch, DW AF Lynch, DW TI Tantalus, a 240 MeV dedicated source of synchrotron radiation, 1968-1986 SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Review DE Tantalus; storage rings ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; PHOTO-IONIZATION; CROSS-SECTIONS; BAND; GAAS; SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON; MONOCHROMATOR; FLUORESCENCE; RESONANCE AB Tantalus was a 240 MeV electron storage ring completed and commissioned in 1968. It was the first storage ring operated exclusively for the production of synchrotron radiation, although it was not designed for that purpose. As such, it influenced the operating pattern for subsequent dedicated sources of synchrotron radiation. Pioneering experiments using synchrotron radiation were carried out on this machine, and innovative instrumentation was produced there. It ceased operation in 1986. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. RP Lynch, DW (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 4 BP 334 EP 343 DI 10.1107/S0909049597011758 PN 6 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA YH059 UT WOS:A1997YH05900003 PM 16699248 ER PT J AU Doniach, S Hodgson, K Lindau, I Pianetta, P Winick, H AF Doniach, S Hodgson, K Lindau, I Pianetta, P Winick, H TI Early work with synchrotron radiation at Stanford SO JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION LA English DT Review DE EXAFS; protein crystallography; electronic structure; X-ray photoemission; metalloproteins; Stanford SSRP ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; DOUBLE CRYSTAL MONOCHROMATOR; FINE-STRUCTURE EXAFS; ANOMALOUS SCATTERING; PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MOLYBDENUM SITE; BEAM LINE; K-EDGE; SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFRACTION AB The use of synchrotron radiation in the soft and hard X-ray spectral region received major impetus with the start of parasitic operation of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Project (SSRP) in 1974. This was the first time that synchrotron radiation from a multi-GeV electron storage ring was made available in a user facility for studying the structure of matter. Hen we review the early work at SSRP as well as the activities that preceded it? highlighting the scientific accomplishments (soft X-ray photoemission, EXAFS? protein crystallography), beamline instrumentation developments and source improvements. The early work using bending-magnet radiation led to the funding of several dedicated facilities in the US and elsewhere in the world - the so-called second-generation light sources. Early work with wiggler and undulator insertion devices led to funding of third-generation sources better optimized for insertion device sources, particularly undulators. C1 STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94309. NR 76 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 9 PU MUNKSGAARD INT PUBL LTD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0909-0495 J9 J SYNCHROTRON RADIAT JI J. Synchrot. Radiat. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 4 BP 380 EP 395 DI 10.1107/S0909049597012235 PN 6 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA YH059 UT WOS:A1997YH05900007 PM 16699252 ER PT J AU Hayden, ME Swift, GW AF Hayden, ME Swift, GW TI Thermoacoustic relaxation in a pin-array stack SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION; ENGINES; TUBES AB The pressure response p(1) of a fixed quantity of He-4 gas subjected to sinusoidal volume perturbations is studied experimentally. Thermal diffusion near solid boundaries causes the gas response to be neither adiabatic nor isothermal. The data are interpreted in terms of the thermal relaxation function f(K), which relates p(1) to the spatial average of the acoustic temperature profile. Comparison of a number of geometries allows us to accurately determine f(K) for a thermoacoustic pin-array stack. (C) 1997 Acoustical Society of America. RP Hayden, ME (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CONDENSED MATTER & THERMAL PHYS GRP,MS K764,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 21 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 102 IS 5 BP 2714 EP 2722 DI 10.1121/1.420325 PN 1 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA YG922 UT WOS:A1997YG92200024 ER PT J AU Sullivan, EJ Candy, JV AF Sullivan, EJ Candy, JV TI Space-time array processing: The model-based approach SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC SYNTHETIC APERTURE; SPECIAL ISSUE; TOWED ARRAY; OCEAN AB A method of space-time array processing is introduced that is based on the model-based approach. The signal and measurement systems are placed into state-space form, thereby allowing the unknown parameters of the model, such as signal bearings, to be estimated by an extended Kalman filter. A major advantage of the model-based approach is that there is no inherent limitation to the degree of sophistication of the models used, and therefore it can deal with other than plane-wave models, such as cylindrically or spherically spreading propagation models, as well as more sophisticated representations such as the normal mode and the parabolic equation propagation models. Since the processor treats the parameters of interest as unknown parameters to be estimated, there is no explicit beamformer structure, and therefore no accuracy limitations such as fixed beam bin sizes and predetermined number of preformed beams. After a theoretical exposition of the underlying theory, the performance of the processor is evaluated with synthesized data sets. The results indicate that the method is a highly effective approach that is capable of significantly outperforming conventional array processors. (C) 1997 Acoustical Society of America. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Sullivan, EJ (reprint author), USN,UNDERSEA WARFARE CTR,CODE 82101,NEWPORT,RI 02841, USA. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 102 IS 5 BP 2809 EP 2820 DI 10.1121/1.420337 PN 1 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA YG922 UT WOS:A1997YG92200036 ER PT J AU Dickey, EC Dravid, VP Hubbard, CR AF Dickey, EC Dravid, VP Hubbard, CR TI Interlamellar residual stresses in single grains of NiO-ZrO2(cubic) directionally solidified eutectics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Phase-to-phase residual stresses due to thermal expansion mismatch were measured in lamellar NiO-ZrO2(cubic) directionally solidified eutectics (DSEs). The triaxial strain tensors for both phases were measured using single-crystal X-ray diffractometry techniques on isolated grains of the DSE. From the strain tensors, the stress tensors were calculated, taking into account the full elastic anisotropy of the phases. The resulting stress tensors indicated that very large compressive stresses accumulated in ZrO2 whereas large tensile stresses were amassed in NiO parallel to the lamellae during the solidification process. The large magnitudes of the stresses indicated that the interfaces between the lamellae were very well bonded and did not facilitate slip or other stress-relieving processes. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV, DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN, EVANSTON, IL 60208 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV MET & CERAM, HIGH TEMP MAT LAB, RESIDUAL STRESS USER FACIL, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RI Dravid, Vinayak/B-6688-2009; Dickey, Elizabeth/A-3368-2011 OI Dickey, Elizabeth/0000-0003-4005-7872 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 80 IS 11 BP 2773 EP 2780 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03193.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA YG203 UT WOS:A1997YG20300002 ER PT J AU Gust, MC Evans, ND Momoda, LA Mecartney, ML AF Gust, MC Evans, ND Momoda, LA Mecartney, ML TI In-situ transmission electron microscopy crystallization studies of sol-gel-derived barium titanate thin films SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; FERROELECTRIC BATIO3; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; METAL ALKOXIDES; CERAMICS; SILICON; MICROSTRUCTURE; DECOMPOSITION; PRECURSORS AB Barium titanate (BaTiO3) thin films that were derived from methoxypropoxide precursors were deposited onto (100) Si, Pt/Ti/SiO2/(100) Si, and molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown (MBE-grown) (100) BaTiO3 on (100) Si substrates by spin coating. The crystallization behavior of the amorphous-gel films was characterized using in-situ transmission electron microscopy heating experiments, glancing-angle X-ray diffraction, and differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis. Amorphous-gel films crystallized at a temperature of similar to 600 degrees C to an intermediate nanoscale (5-10 nm) barium titanium carbonate phase, presumably BaTiO2CO3, that subsequently transformed to nanocrystalline (20-60 nn) BaTiO3. Random nucleation in the bulk of the gel film was observed on all substrates, In addition, oriented growth of BaTiO3 was concurrently observed on MBE-grown BaTiO3 on (100) Si. High-temperature decomposition of the intermediate carbonate phase contributed to nanometer-scale residual porosity in the films. High concentrations of water of hydrolysis inhibited the formation of the intermediate carbonate phase; however, these sols precipitated and were not suitable for spin coating. C1 OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. HUGHES RES LABS,MALIBU,CA 90265. RP Gust, MC (reprint author), UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT CHEM & BIOCHEM ENGN,IRVINE,CA 92697, USA. RI Evans, Neal/F-5955-2011 NR 38 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 80 IS 11 BP 2828 EP 2836 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03200.x PG 9 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA YG203 UT WOS:A1997YG20300009 ER PT J AU Lin, FJT DeJonghe, LC Rahaman, MN AF Lin, FJT DeJonghe, LC Rahaman, MN TI Initial coarsening and microstructural evolution of fast-fired and MgO-doped Al2O3 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COMPACTS; ALUMINA; SIZE AB The effect of an initial coarsening step (50-200 h at 800 degrees C) on the subsequent densification and microstructural evolution of high-quality compacts of undoped and MgO-doped Al2O3 has been investigated during fast-firing (5 min at 1750 degrees C) and during constant-heating-rate sintering (4 degrees C/min to 1450 degrees C), In constant-heating-rate sintering of both the undoped and MgO-doped Al2O3, a refinement of the microstructure has been achieved for the compact subjected to the coarsening step. A combination of the coarsening step and MgO doping produces the most significant refinement of the microstructure. In fast-firing of the MgO-doped Al2O3, the coarsening step produces a measurable increase in the density and a small refinement of the grain size, when compared with similar compacts fast-fired conventionally (i.e., without the coarsening step). This result indicates that the accepted view of the deleterious role of coarsening in the sintering of real powder compacts must be reexamined, Although extensive coarsening after the onset of densification must be reduced for the achievement of high density, limited coarsening prior to densification is beneficial for subsequent sintering. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV MISSOURI,DEPT CERAM ENGN,ROLLA,MO 65401. RP Lin, FJT (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 24 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, PO BOX 6136, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-6136 SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 80 IS 11 BP 2891 EP 2896 DI 10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03208.x PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA YG203 UT WOS:A1997YG20300017 ER PT J AU Kolman, DG Butt, DP AF Kolman, DG Butt, DP TI Corrosion behavior of a novel SiC/Al2O3/Al composite exposed to chloride environments SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES; PITTING BEHAVIOR; ALUMINUM-ALLOY AB The electrochemical behavior of a new class of aluminum metal matrix composites produced by the direct metal oxidation technique, Lanxide AS-109(TM), was detailed. The composite is 69% (by volume) SiC reinforcement, 24% oxidized metal (primarily Al2O3), and 7% retained aluminum alloy. The corrosion behavior of the SiC/Al2O3/Al composite was found to be dependent on NaCl concentration and pH. SiC/Al2O3/Al was susceptible to pitting of the Al alloy phase at open circuit during exposure to aerated and deaerated 0.6, 0.06, and 0.006 M NaCl solutions. In contrast, exposure to 6 x 10(-4) M NaCl did not result in pitting at open circuit, and buffered berate solution (no chloride) did not yield pitting at any potential examined. The pitting potential of SiC/Al2O3/Al was estimated to decrease 80 mV per order of magnitude increase in NaCl concentration. Comparison of the composite to a model composite matrix material, Al 6061, revealed that the composite was more susceptible to localized corrosion than the matrix alloy alone which did not pit at open circuit in deaerated 0.6 M NaCl. Polarization resistance measurements in pH adjusted (pH 1 to 13) 0.6 M NaCl solutions revealed that the corrosion rate is minimized in neutral solution. Pits were neither confined to regions adjacent to SiC nor Al2O3, suggesting little galvanic effect of the reinforcing phases. RP Kolman, DG (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MAT CORROS & ENVIRONM EFFECTS LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Butt, Darryl/B-7480-2008 OI Butt, Darryl/0000-0003-4501-8864 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 144 IS 11 BP 3785 EP 3791 DI 10.1149/1.1838092 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA YF272 UT WOS:A1997YF27200022 ER PT J AU Song, L Chen, YF Evans, JW AF Song, L Chen, YF Evans, JW TI Measurements of the thermal conductivity of poly(ethylene oxide)-lithium salt electrolytes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BATTERY MODULE; TEMPERATURE AB The thermal conductivity of polymer electrolytes is one of the important parameters characterizing heat transport in lithium polymer batteries. Experimental measurements, over the temperature range from 25 degrees C (298 K) to 150 degrees C (423 K), of the thermal conductivity of poly(ethylene oxide)-lithium salt electrolytes by a guarded heat flowmeter are described. Thermal conductivities of the poly(ethyene oxide) (PEO)-LiCF3SO3 polymer electrolytes were found to be relatively constant for the electrolytes with various concentrations of the lithium salt. Also, the thermal conductivity of the PEG-lithium salt electrolytes decreases with increasingly amorphous structure according to the order. PEO-LiClO4 congruent to PEO-LiCF3SO3 > PEO-LiN(CF3SO2)(2) > PEO-LiC(CF3SO2)(3). C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Song, L (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,ENVIRONM ENERGY TECHNOL DIV,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 144 IS 11 BP 3797 EP 3800 DI 10.1149/1.1838094 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA YF272 UT WOS:A1997YF27200024 ER PT J AU Lee, CK Striebel, KA McLarnon, FR Cairns, EJ AF Lee, CK Striebel, KA McLarnon, FR Cairns, EJ TI Thermal treatment of La0.6Ca0.4CoO3 perovskites for bifunctional air electrodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-AREA LA1-XCAXCOO3; OXYGEN REDUCTION; ELECTROCATALYTIC PROPERTIES; ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION; ALKALINE-SOLUTIONS; CARBON; OXIDES; BATTERIES; CATALYSTS; COBALT AB The perovskite La0.6Ca0.4CoO3 has been of interest as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for the bifunctional air electrode. The calcination and subsequent cooling steps in the amorphous citrate precursor (ACP) process have been optimized to prepare La0.6Ca0.4CoO3 powders with high surface area, and consequently improved electrocatalytic performance in an air electrode. The surface area of the final powder depends on the thermal treatment and the surface area increases with increasing the cooling rate. A sample quenched rapidly from 650 degrees C had a surface area of 33 m(2)/g, which is more than double the value obtained with a slower cooling rate. Polytetrafluorene-ethylene (PTFE) bonded gas diffusion electrodes loaded with La0.6Ca0.4CoO3 catalysts prepared by the ACP method show good bifunctional performance. An electrode loaded with only 10 mg/cm(2) of powder prepared by quenching from 65O degrees C showed the best bifunctional performance, i.e., 280 mA/cm(2) for oxygen reduction ana 300 mA/cm(2) for the oxygen evolution, at 0.6 and 1.6 V vs. RHE, respectively. This performance compares well with results from lower area La0.6Ca0.4CoO3 at much higher loadings. C1 ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI Cairns, Elton/E-8873-2012 OI Cairns, Elton/0000-0002-1179-7591 NR 18 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 144 IS 11 BP 3801 EP 3806 DI 10.1149/1.1838095 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA YF272 UT WOS:A1997YF27200025 ER PT J AU Paxton, B Newman, J AF Paxton, B Newman, J TI Modeling of nickel/metal hydride batteries SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN SURFACE CONCENTRATION; HYDROXIDE ELECTRODE; PROTON DIFFUSION; GALVANOSTATIC DISCHARGE; POROUS-ELECTRODES; SYSTEM; CELL; CONDUCTIVITY; COEFFICIENT; RESISTANCE AB A mathematical model of the discharge behavior of the nickel oxide/KOH/LaNi5 battery system is presented. The model shows great sensitivity to the kinetic parameters of the nickel oxide active material. The thickness and porosity of the battery system's electrodes are optimized in terms of the specific energy and power of the system. Experimental results are presented which show some qualitative agreement with the discharge curves predicted by the model. In this model, diffusion in the nickel oxide active material is neglected based on the findings presented in Appendix A. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Paxton, B (reprint author), MBA POLYMERS INC,RICHMOND,CA 94804, USA. RI Newman, John/B-8650-2008 OI Newman, John/0000-0002-9267-4525 NR 68 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 14 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 144 IS 11 BP 3818 EP 3831 DI 10.1149/1.1838098 PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA YF272 UT WOS:A1997YF27200028 ER PT J AU Peng, W Redey, L Jansen, AN Vissers, DR Myles, KM Carpenter, JM Richardson, JW Burr, GL Selman, JR AF Peng, W Redey, L Jansen, AN Vissers, DR Myles, KM Carpenter, JM Richardson, JW Burr, GL Selman, JR TI Electrochemical and in situ neutron diffraction investigations of Lo-Ni-Al-H alloys SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL HYDRIDE ELECTRODES; POWDER DIFFRACTION; HYDROGEN BATTERIES; LANI5; REFINEMENT; DISCHARGE; DEUTERIUM; BEHAVIOR AB The performance of selected LaNi5-yAly hydride electrodes was studied by extensive electrochemical measurements and in situ neutron-diffraction measurements of the deuterated electrode (MDx) during electrochemical charge-discharge cycles. A small addition of aluminum increased the capacity tenfold under ambient conditions. Increased cell impedance and reduced capacity were noted through the cycle life of LaNi5-yAlyHx/NiO(OH) cells and were found to be associated with the corrosion and leaching of aluminum from the alloy. A high aluminum content alloy (y = 0.6), however, compensated for the corrosion loss of aluminum by achieving a longer cycle life than that of a low-aluminum-content alloy (y = 0.12). In situ neutron diffraction indicated that only alpha phase was present in the low-aluminum-content alloy, LaNi4.88Al0.12D1.1, while both alpha and beta phases were present in LaNi4.4Al0.6D1.8, the fully charged state. With in situ neutron-diffraction measurements, the absolute values of x in the MDx formula can be determined for various charge/discharge states, while the coulometry of cell cycling measures only the change in x. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,INTENSE PULSED NEUTRON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439. ILLINOIS INST TECHNOL,DEPT CHEM ENGN,CHICAGO,IL 60616. RP Peng, W (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ELECTROCHEM TECHNOL PROGRAM,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Jansen, Andrew/Q-5912-2016 OI Jansen, Andrew/0000-0003-3244-7790 NR 32 TC 5 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 144 IS 11 BP 3836 EP 3844 DI 10.1149/1.1838100 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA YF272 UT WOS:A1997YF27200030 ER PT J AU Pham, AQ Glass, RS AF Pham, AQ Glass, RS TI Characteristics of the amperometric oxygen sensor SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; CELLS AB Some important characteristics of the amperometric oxygen sensor are examined in detail with particular emphasis on the influence of electrode polarization on sensor behavior. First, we briefly discuss the theoretical framework describing the operation of the amperometric sensor and then describe operational characteristics and observations of anomalous behavior in light of that framework. For the experimental work, a double-cell configuration with a drilled cover was used; the second cell served both as the diffusion barrier and as a potentiometric sensor for monitoring the oxygen partial pressure inside the cavity. It was found that the oxygen partial pressure varied significantly from the cavity entrance to the pumping cell cathode surface. Oxygen depletion inside the cavity strongly influenced the cathode polarization and sensor behavior. Upon application of increasing applied voltage, the maximum pumping capacity of the cathode decreased with oxygen depletion until it became equal to the diffusion limited current enforced by the diffusion barrier. Upon application of even higher voltages, oxygen could not be further depleted at the cathode surface; no further changes in the system occurred until the onset of electronic conduction in the cell electrolyte, where the current increased once again. Electronic conduction was shown to be the cause of anomalous behavior for the sensor where higher current was observed for lower oxygen concentration. A linear response for the amperometric sensor was realized only for oxygen concentrations in the range 0.1 to 25%. RP Pham, AQ (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CHEM & MAT SCI DIRECTORATE,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 144 IS 11 BP 3929 EP 3934 DI 10.1149/1.1838113 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA YF272 UT WOS:A1997YF27200043 ER PT J AU Barrett, HH White, T Parra, LC AF Barrett, HH White, T Parra, LC TI List-mode likelihood SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID HOTELLING TRACE CRITERION; IMAGE QUALITY; OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT; NUCLEAR-MEDICINE; PERFORMANCE; OPTIMIZATION; SYSTEMS; CAMERA; DESIGN; MERIT AB As photon-counting imaging systems become more complex, there is a trend toward measuring more attributes of each individual event. In various imaging systems the attributes can include several position variables, time variables, and energies. If more than about four attributes are measured for each event. it is not practical to record the data in an image matrix, Instead it is more efficient to use a simple list where every attribute is stored for every event. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the concept of likelihood for such list-mode data. We present expressions for list-mode likelihood with an arbitrary number of attributes per photon and for both preset counts and preset time. Maximization of this likelihood can lead to a practical reconstruction algorithm with list-mode data, but that aspect is covered in a separate paper [IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging (to be published)]. An expression for lesion detectability for list-mode data is also derived and compared with the corresponding expression for conventional binned data. (C) 1997 Optical Society of America. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,CTR OPT SCI,TUCSON,AZ 85724. IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,POCATELLO,ID. SIEMENS CORP RES CTR,PRINCETON,NJ. RP Barrett, HH (reprint author), UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT RADIOL,TUCSON,AZ 85724, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [2RO1 CA52643, R01 CA052643, R01 CA052643-10] NR 31 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0740-3232 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 14 IS 11 BP 2914 EP 2923 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.14.002914 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA YD319 UT WOS:A1997YD31900006 PM 9379247 ER PT J AU Austin, EW Bull, RJ AF Austin, EW Bull, RJ TI Effect of pretreatment with dichloroacetate or trichloroacetate on the metabolism of bromodichloroacetate SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MALE B6C3F1 MOUSE; DRINKING-WATER; DIBROMOACETIC ACID; ACETIC-ACIDS; MICE; RATS; LIVER; CARCINOGENICITY; DISINFECTION; CHLORINATION AB Haloacetates are a common class of water chlorination by-products. Depending on the amount of bromide in the source water, varying amounts of chlorinated, brominated, and mixed bromochloro haloacetates are produced. When administered to rodents, haloacetates have been shown to increase formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in the liver. These responses appear to be modified by prior treatment. To examine potential mechanisms that account for these modifications in oxidative stress, the ability of trichloroacetate (TCA) or dichloroacetate (DCA) pretreatment to alter the metabolism of bromodichloroacetate (BDCA) and the disposition of its metabolites was examined in male B6C3F1 mice. Two-week pretreatment with I g/L DCA and TCA in the drinking water of mice alters the initial hepatic metabolism of BDCA and the further metabolism of its metabolite DCA. DCA pretreatment inhibits cytosolic metabolism of both I mM DCA or BDCA up to 70%. In contrast DCA pretreatment stimulates hepatic microsomal BDCA metabolism 1.3-fold but has little effect on microsomal metabolism of DCA. Increased microsomal metabolism of BDCA appears to be attributable to the induction of a metabolic pathway that produces CO2 and bromodichloromethane (BDCM) as metabolites. TCA pretreatment inhibits BDCA metabolism up to 70% in the cytosol and 30% in microsomes but has little effect on DCA metabolism. These results indicate that the hepatic metabolism of the haloacetates becomes quite complex at the high doses that have been employed in cancer bioassays. BDCA serves as a good example, because it is metabolized to at least two carcinogenic metabolites that have different modes of action, BDCM and DCA. As doses approach those that induce cancer in mice, the proportion of and amounts of these metabolites as a fraction of the dose administered will change substantially. This article demonstrates that those interactions will occur from mixed treatment with haloacetates as well. C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, DEPT MOL BIOSCI, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, PHARMACOL TOXICOL GRAD PROGAM, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01-ESO4648] NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0098-4108 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEALTH JI J. Toxicol. Environ. Health PD NOV PY 1997 VL 52 IS 4 BP 367 EP 383 DI 10.1080/00984109708984071 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA YC412 UT WOS:A1997YC41200007 PM 9354181 ER PT J AU Schomacker, KT Torri, A Sandison, DR Sheridan, RL Nishioka, NS AF Schomacker, KT Torri, A Sandison, DR Sheridan, RL Nishioka, NS TI Biodistribution of indocyanine green in a porcine born model: Light and fluorescence microscopy SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Burn-Association CY MAR 14-17, 1996 CL NASHVILLE, TN SP Amer Burn Assoc DE burns; burn depth; indocyanine green; fluorescence microscopy; vascular permeability; vascular occlusion ID BURN DEPTH AB Background: Infrared-excited fluorescence of intravenously administered indocyanine green (ICG) is being used as a method of early determination of burn depth. Methods: Fluorescence microscopy and tissue fluorescence were recorded in a porcine burn model and correlated to burn severity and age. Results: Recently placed superficial burns show significant fluorescence compared with adjacent normal tissue as a result of a strong inflammatory reaction in the superficial dermis with minimal vascular occlusion. The magnitude of the inflammatory reaction decreases with time. For deeper burns, vascular occlusion prevents transport of ICG into the burn and the intensity of ICG fluorescence in burn eschar is negligible. Conclusion: The intensity of ICG fluorescence measured at the surface of the wound for burns of similar age was shown to decrease exponentially with the depth of the burn. The enhanced fluorescence of partial-thickness burns is attributable to increased permeability, and the decreased signal associated with deeper injuries is attributable to vascular occlusion. These results suggest that it is possible to differentiate burns that will heal spontaneously with minimal granulation from those that will not by measuring the intensity of ICG fluorescence. C1 MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,MED SERV BURNS & TRAUMA,BOSTON,MA 02114. MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,MED SERV,GASTROINTESTINAL UNIT,BOSTON,MA 02114. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT DERMATOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT SURG,BOSTON,MA 02115. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MED,BOSTON,MA 02115. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Schomacker, KT (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,WELLMAN LABS PHOTOMED,BAR703,55 FRUIT ST,BOSTON,MA 02114, USA. NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 SN 1079-6061 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD NOV PY 1997 VL 43 IS 5 BP 813 EP 819 DI 10.1097/00005373-199711000-00013 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA YK523 UT WOS:A1997YK52300014 PM 9390494 ER PT J AU Bailey, WH Rahman, TS Strongin, M Davenport, JW AF Bailey, WH Rahman, TS Strongin, M Davenport, JW TI Kinetics of adsorption and photodesorption of hydrogen on copper surfaces SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article AB The kinetics of adsorption and photodesorption of hydrogen on a Cu surface is discussed for the next generation of high energy proton colliders. The equilibrium solution of a rate equation describing the surface kinetics leads to an expression for the gas pressure, which we estimate to be about 10(-8) Torr for proton beam colliders like the now defunct 20-TeV superconducting super collider. Using classical molecular dynamics simulations with reliable interatomic potentials we find the fractional energy loss of hydrogen on Cu(100), for incident energies ranging from 0.1-1.0 eV, to be between 1%-6%. This leads to an estimate of 10(-4) s for the average lifetime of the hydrogen molecule in the beam tube. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(97)02106-4]. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Bailey, WH (reprint author), KANSAS STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CARDWELL HALL,MANHATTAN,KS 66506, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2998 EP 3004 DI 10.1116/1.580896 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA YG058 UT WOS:A1997YG05800025 ER PT J AU Woodworth, JR Riley, ME Miller, PA Nichols, CA Hamilton, TW AF Woodworth, JR Riley, ME Miller, PA Nichols, CA Hamilton, TW TI Ion distribution functions in inductively coupled radio frequency discharges in argon-chlorine mixtures SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID RF REFERENCE CELL; BOMBARDMENT ENERGY-DISTRIBUTIONS; RADIOFREQUENCY GLOW-DISCHARGES; PLASMA SOURCE; MODEL; DENSITY; GASES; AR AB We report on measurements of positive ion energies, current densities, and angular distributions at the grounded electrode of inductively coupled discharges in mixtures of argon and chlorine. We also report on ion species and Langmuir probe measurements for these discharges. The inductive drive in our gaseous electronics conference reference cell produced high plasma densities (10(11)-10(12)/cm(3)) and stable plasma potentials. As a result, ion energy distributions consisted of a single peak well separated from zero energy. At pressures of 2.5-20 mTorr and constant rf power, the addition of Cl-2 to an Ar discharge lowered ion current densities, reduced ion energies, and reduced the width of the ion energy distributions. Half-widths of the ion angular distributions ranged from 4.5 degrees to 8.5 degrees with the distributions broadening with increases in pressure or rf power. The addition of Cl-2 to Ar discharges made the angular distributions less sensitive to total pressure. Cl+ replaced Ar+ as the dominant ionized species when small amounts of chlorine were added to Ar discharges. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(97)00406-5]. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ADV SILICON TECHNOL DEPT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. APPL PHYS INT INC,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87110. RP Woodworth, JR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LASER OPT & REMOTE SENSING DEPT,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 45 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 3015 EP 3023 DI 10.1116/1.580898 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA YG058 UT WOS:A1997YG05800027 ER PT J AU Niles, DW Ramanathan, K Hasoon, F Noufi, R Tielsch, BJ Fulghum, JE AF Niles, DW Ramanathan, K Hasoon, F Noufi, R Tielsch, BJ Fulghum, JE TI Na impurity chemistry in photovoltaic CIGS thin films: Investigation with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A-VACUUM SURFACES AND FILMS LA English DT Article ID SODIUM METAL; EFFICIENCY AB Thermal processing of Cu(In1-xCax)Se-2 thin-films grown as part of photovoltaic devices on soda-lime glass leads to the incorporation of Na impurity atoms in the Cu(In1-xGax)Se-2. Na contamination increases the photovoltaic efficiency of Cu(In1-xGax)Se-2-based devices. The purpose of this investigation is to develop a model for the chemistry of Na in Cu(In1-xGax)Se-2 in an effort to understand how it improves performance. An analysis of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data shows that the Na concentration is similar to 0.1 at. % in the bulk of Cu(In1-xGax)Se-2 thin films and that the Na is bound to Se. The authors propose a model invoking the replacement of column III elements by Na during the growth of Cu(In1-xGax)Se-2 thin films. Na on In and Ga sites would act as acceptor states to enhance photovoltaic device performance. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. [S0734-2101(97)00306-0]. C1 KENT STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,KENT,OH 44242. RP Niles, DW (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 23 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A-Vac. Surf. Films PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 3044 EP 3049 DI 10.1116/1.580902 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA YG058 UT WOS:A1997YG05800031 ER PT J AU Decker, JY Fernandez, A Sweeney, DW AF Decker, JY Fernandez, A Sweeney, DW TI Generation of subquarter-micron resist structures using optical interference lithography and image reversal SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION GRATINGS; RELIEF GRATINGS; BINARY GRATINGS; POLARIZATION; FABRICATION; SURFACES; ARRAYS AB We show that by using interference lithography coupled with image reversal techniques we can generate resist structures ranging from one-dimensional gratings to two-dimensional arrays of posts and holes. These resist structures have high aspect ratios and nearly vertical sidewalls. The structure dimensions are accurately controlled by varying the exposure dose. These structures play critical roles in the generation of subwavelength structured surfaces for optical applications. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Decker, JY (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 1949 EP 1953 DI 10.1116/1.589583 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100017 ER PT J AU Muray, LP Anderson, EH Boegli, V AF Muray, LP Anderson, EH Boegli, V TI Design and implementation of a real-time hierarchical parallel postprocessor for 100 keV electron beam lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer ID PROXIMITY AB A farm of off-the-shelf microprocessors is evaluated for use as a real-time parallel postprocessing subsystem of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory datapath, including backscatter proximity correction. The native data format is GDSII with embedded control. Data storage is fully hierarchical with no intermediate binary pattern data formats. Benchmarks of a four Pentium pro(TM) farm, after optimization, demonstrate compatibility with exposure rates of 25 MHz for 32% area fill on a vector scan Gaussian beam e-beam tool. Scalability of the architecture is discussed in detail. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Muray, LP (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Lab, M-S 2-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2204 EP 2208 DI 10.1116/1.589614 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100061 ER PT J AU Fernandez, A Decker, JY Herman, SM Phillion, DW Sweeney, DW Perry, MD AF Fernandez, A Decker, JY Herman, SM Phillion, DW Sweeney, DW Perry, MD TI Methods for fabricating arrays of holes using interference lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer ID INTERFEROMETRIC LITHOGRAPHY; FIELD AB Optical interference lithography provides a robust patterning technology capable of achieving deep submicron resolution over extremely large field sizes (similar to 1 m(2)). Here, we compare two approaches for fabricating arrays of holes using interferometric techniques. We first show that, by applying an image reversal process to standard two-beam interference lithography, arrays of high aspect ratio holes (2:1) can be generated. This process scales well to submicron periods and allows holes as small as 0.1 mu m to be patterned. Next, we present an analysis of the multiple-beam approach for patterning holes. This technique offers a potentially higher throughput process compared to other techniques. We demonstrate that, while the formation of higher contrast intensity profiles is possible by interfering four or more beams, the shape and modulation depth of such profiles are sensitive to relative phase variations. This dependence complicates the application of multiple-beam techniques for patterning large uniform arrays of resist structures. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Fernandez, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 10 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2439 EP 2443 DI 10.1116/1.589662 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100109 ER PT J AU Wood, OR White, DL Bjorkholm, JE Fetter, LE Tennant, DM MacDowell, AA LaFontaine, B Kubiak, GD AF Wood, OR White, DL Bjorkholm, JE Fetter, LE Tennant, DM MacDowell, AA LaFontaine, B Kubiak, GD TI Use of attenuated phase masks in extreme ultraviolet lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer ID PROJECTION LITHOGRAPHY; SHIFTING MASK; RESOLUTION AB We have used an attenuated phase mask, a mask with a rr-phase shifting attenuator, in extreme ultraviolet lithography at 13.9 nm wavelength to produce resist profiles with sharper, more vertical sidewalls. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA. AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Wood, OR (reprint author), AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, 600 Mt Ave, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2448 EP 2451 DI 10.1116/1.589664 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100111 ER PT J AU Kearney, PA Moore, CE Tan, SI Vernon, SP Levesque, RA AF Kearney, PA Moore, CE Tan, SI Vernon, SP Levesque, RA TI Mask blanks for extreme ultraviolet lithography: Ion beam sputter deposition of low defect density Mo/Si multilayers SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer AB We report on the growth of low defect density Mo/Si multilayer (ML) coatings. The coatings were grown in a deposition system specifically designed for extreme ultraviolet lithography mask blank fabrication. Complete, 81 layer, high reflectance Mo/Si ML coatings were deposited on 150 mm diam (100) oriented Si wafer substrates using ion beam sputter deposition. Process added defect densities correspond to 2x10(-2)/cm(-2) larger than 0.13 mu m as measured by optical scattering. This represents a reduction in defect density of Mo/Si ML coatings by a factor of 10(5). (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Kearney, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 5 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2452 EP 2454 DI 10.1116/1.589665 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100112 ER PT J AU Tejnil, E Goldberg, KA Lee, SH Medecki, H Batson, PJ Denham, PE MacDowell, AA Bokor, J Attwood, D AF Tejnil, E Goldberg, KA Lee, SH Medecki, H Batson, PJ Denham, PE MacDowell, AA Bokor, J Attwood, D TI At-wavelength interferometry for extreme ultraviolet lithography SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer ID POLYNOMIALS; RADIATION AB A phase-shifting point diffraction interferometer is being developed for at-wavelength testing of extreme ultraviolet lithographic optical systems. The interferometer was implemented to characterize the aberrations of a 10x Schwarzschild multilayer-coated reflective optical system at nm. Chromatic vignetting effects are observed and they demonstrate the influence of multilayer coatings on the wave front. A subaperture of the optic with a numerical aperture of 0.07 was measured as having a wave front error of 0.090 wave (1.21 nm) root mean square (rms) at a 13.4 nm wavelength. The wave front measurements indicate measurement repeatability of +/-0.008 wave (+/-0.11 nm) rms. Image calculations that include the effects of the measured aberrations are consistent with imaging performed with the 10x Schwarzschild optic on an extreme ultraviolet exposure tool. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Tejnil, E (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 15 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2455 EP 2461 DI 10.1116/1.589666 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100113 ER PT J AU Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Krenz, KD Fields, CH AF Ray-Chaudhuri, AK Krenz, KD Fields, CH TI At-wavelength characterization of an extreme ultraviolet camera from low to mid-spatial frequencies with a compact laser plasma source SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer AB The final alignment and characterization of an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithographic projection optics system must be performed at the operating wavelength in order to account for errors associated with the combined effect of multilayer coating and substrate fabrication error. Two complementary metrology techniques have been developed which can operate on a compact laser plasma source: EUV lateral shear interferometry (LSI) and aerial image monitoring (AIM), LSI quantifies residual low spatial frequency wave front errors associated with the "figure" of each optical element. To characterize the effect of mid-spatial frequency errors that lead to scatter in the image plane, an EUV aerial image monitor was employed. EUV interferometry was compared to visible light interferometry measurements of the optical system and was found to be in reasonable agreement for low spatial frequency errors. The contrast as measured by AIM and photoresist exposures indicates an additional reduction of contrast associated with scatter due to large mid-spatial frequency errors. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Elect Mfg Dept, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ray-Chaudhuri, AK (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Adv Elect Mfg Dept, MS 9409, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2462 EP 2466 DI 10.1116/1.589667 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100114 ER PT J AU White, V Herdey, C Denton, DD Song, J AF White, V Herdey, C Denton, DD Song, J TI X-ray fabrication of nonorthogonal structures using "surface" masks SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer AB Standard x-ray lithographic techniques allow great flexibility of geometry in two dimensions. Typically, the third dimension is limited to depth, which is purely orthogonal to the surface. We have been developing a relatively simple technique using x-ray lithography and have fabricated a whole family of precisely controlled nonorthogonal structures such as tapers, bridges and various "leaning" or blazed structures. Traditional soft x-ray masks, create the modulation required to print into x-ray resists by having the absorbing elements of the x-ray mask patterned on a thin membrane. This technique involves the creation of the gold absorbing elements of the x-ray mask directly on the surface of the photoresist, i.e., a "surface" mask. These surface masks can create nonorthogonal exposures creating blazed structures as well as "bridges" by tilting the sample with respect to the x-ray beam during exposure. The exposures can also be done while having the tilted sample rotated, creating tapered exposure profiles. In addition to the novel geometries, a potentially useful feature of the rotated exposures is that the sidewalls have nanometer scale smoothness, due to the averaging of intensities during rotation. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP White, V (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1415 Johnson Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 3 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2514 EP 2516 DI 10.1116/1.589676 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100123 ER PT J AU Chen, Z Vladimirsky, Y Brown, M Leonard, Q Vladimirsky, O Moore, F Cerrina, F Lai, B Yun, W Gluskin, E AF Chen, Z Vladimirsky, Y Brown, M Leonard, Q Vladimirsky, O Moore, F Cerrina, F Lai, B Yun, W Gluskin, E TI Design and fabrication of Fresnel zone plates with large numbers of zones SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer ID X-RAY-LITHOGRAPHY; DIFFRACTIVE OPTICS; RESOLUTION; MICROSCOPY AB The advent of high-brightness x-ray sources in the 10-40 keV region opens new possibilities of experiments with microbeams. Techniques to form these focused beams may be based on glancing mirrors, phase elements, or diffractive optics, in particular Fresnel zone plates (FZPs). Because of the long focal length and large acceptance, FZPs designed to work in the hard x-ray region tend to have quite large diameters and large numbers of zones. For instance, the zone plate described in this article has a 1860 mu m diam, a focal length of f=3 m (for 8 keV), and 1860 zones. On a standard pattern generator, circular shapes are always approximated as simpler structures. The tolerance requirement for shape and positions of zones depends on the number of zones, and it is necessary to guarantee that the circular structures are approximated to the required degree of accuracy while keeping the size of the data structure to a reasonable size for processing by the exposure system. For instance, if polygons are used to approximate circular zones, a formula for the minimum acceptable number of polygon sides can be derived. An x-ray mask for a Fresnel phase zone plate (FPZP) with 1860 zones was designed directly in Cambridge source pattern data format and fabricated using the Leica Cambridge e-beam tool installed in the CXrL. The zone plates presented in this article were designed for hard x rays, and multilevel x-ray lithography was employed as a fabrication technique to form absorber thickness sufficient to provide the necessary phase shift. Minimum gold features of 0.25 mu m with thicknesses of 1.6 and 3 mu m, were formed to be used with 8 and 20 keV photons, respectively. Finally, in order to estimate the quality of the zone plates during fabrication, a scanning electron microscope based moire method was used. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 Ctr Xray Lithog, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Chen, Z (reprint author), Ctr Xray Lithog, 3731 Schneider Dr, Stoughton, WI 53589 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2522 EP 2527 DI 10.1116/1.589678 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100125 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, J Bokor, J Kisielowski, C AF Kedzierski, J Bokor, J Kisielowski, C TI Fabrication of planar silicon nanowires on silicon-on-insulator using stress limited oxidation SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer ID SI AB A new method is proposed for the fabrication of planar single crystal silicon nanowires down to 8 nm in diameter. In this method silicon lines are defined on silicon-on-insulator with electron beam lithography followed by a metal liftoff process and a silicon plasma etch. Low temperature oxidation is then used to shrink these lines to a sub-10 nm diameter. Normal stress generated by the expansion of the viscous oxide during oxidation eventually stops the reaction, leaving a small silicon core at the center of the line. The effect of the crystallographic orientation of the line and the stress complications caused by the substrate are investigated. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kedzierski, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Bokor, Jeffrey/A-2683-2011 NR 6 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2825 EP 2828 DI 10.1116/1.589736 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100183 ER PT J AU Spector, SJ Jacobsen, CJ Tennant, DM AF Spector, SJ Jacobsen, CJ Tennant, DM TI Process optimization for production of sub-20 nm soft x-ray zone plates SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer ID ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY; HIGH-RESOLUTION GERMANIUM; MICROSCOPE AB We report here the optimization of processes for producing sub-20 nm soft x-ray zone plates, using a general purpose electron beam lithography system and commercial resist technologies. We have critically evaluated the failure point of the various process steps and where possible chosen alternate methods, materials, or otherwise modified the process. Advances have been made in most steps of the process, including the imaging resist, pattern conversion for electron beam exposure, and pattern transfer. Two phase shifting absorber materials, germanium and nickel, were compared. Zone plates with 30 nm outer zones have been fabricated in both germanium and nickel with excellent quality using polymethyl methyl accrylate and zones as small as 20 nm have been fabricated in nickel using the calixarene resist. The total efficiency as well as the efficiency of different regions of the zone plates were measured. All zone plates have demonstrated good efficiencies, with nickel zone plates performing better than germanium zone plates. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. AT&T Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Holmdel, NJ 07733 USA. RP Spector, SJ (reprint author), AT&T Bell Labs, Brookhaven Natl Labs, Lucent Technol, Bldg 510E, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Jacobsen, Chris/E-2827-2015 OI Jacobsen, Chris/0000-0001-8562-0353 NR 16 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2872 EP 2876 DI 10.1116/1.589747 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100194 ER PT J AU Eres, G Hui, FYC Thundat, T Joy, DC AF Eres, G Hui, FYC Thundat, T Joy, DC TI Direct epitaxial growth of thin-film structures SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; SUPERSONIC MOLECULAR-BEAM; SURFACES; OXIDATION; DAMAGE AB In this article we describe a method for direct epitaxial growth of thin-film structures using a combination of resistless electron beam lithography and supersonic molecular beam epitaxy. Electron beam irradiation of a surface hydride layer on silicon induces hydrogen desorption and hence alters the surface reactivity of the exposed area. Introduction of a source gas concurrently with, or immediately following electron beam exposure results in a pattern formation on the exposed area. Continuous silicon oxide patterns with linewidths below 0.1 mu m have been achieved. The resulting pattern can be also used as a mask for subsequent selective growth on the unexposed area. Supersonic molecular beam epitaxy is a highly nonequilibrium film growth method that uses translationally hot source gas species generated by a high pressure gas expansion. Since the reactivity of the source gas molecules depends exponentially on the incident kinetic energy, the chemical selectivity of the film growth process can be altered by tuning the incident kinetic energy. Arbitrary patterns with Linewidths on the order of 0.1 mu m have been achieved with Si, Ge, and SiC epitaxy on Si (100) and Si epitaxy on Ge (100). (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Eres, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, POB 2008,Bldg 3150,MS 6056, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Eres, Gyula/C-4656-2017 OI Eres, Gyula/0000-0003-2690-5214 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2934 EP 2939 DI 10.1116/1.589758 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100206 ER PT J AU Franke, AE Schattenburg, ML Gullikson, EM Cottam, J Kahn, SM Rasmussen, A AF Franke, AE Schattenburg, ML Gullikson, EM Cottam, J Kahn, SM Rasmussen, A TI Super-smooth x-ray reflection grating fabrication SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer ID DEMULTIPLEXER AB Blazed, grazing incidence x-ray reflection gratings are an important component of modern high resolution spectrometers and related x-ray optics. These have traditionally been fabricated by diamond scribing in a ruling engine, or more recently by interferometric lithography followed by ion etching. These traditional methods result in gratings which suffer from a number of deficiencies, including high surface roughness and poor control of the groove profile. These deficiencies lead to poor diffraction efficiency and high levels of scattered light. We have developed a novel fabrication method for fabricating blazed x-ray reflection gratings which utilizes silicon wafers that are cut 0.7 degrees off of the (111) plane. In solutions such as potassium hydroxide (KOH), silicon is etched in [111] directions orders of magnitude slower than in other directions, resulting in extremely smooth {111} facets. The gratings are patterned using interferometric lithography with 351.1 nm wavelength and transferred into the substrate using tri-level resist processing, reactive-ion etching (RIE), and silicon nitride masking during the KOH etch. The narrow (<0.1 mu m) ridge of silicon which supports the nitride mask is removed using a chromium lift-off step followed by a CF4 RIE trench etch. The result is a grating with extremely smooth blaze facets which is suitable for x-ray reflection after evaporative coating with thin Cr/Au. Atomic force microscope images confirm that fabricated gratings have less than a 0.4 nm rms roughness-much smoother than conventional gratings which have over similar to 1 nm roughness. Theory predicts that reduced blaze facet roughness increases diffraction efficiency, Experiments and simulations performed at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and Columbia University confirm that efficiency is increased; in fact, measured peak efficiencies reach similar to 80% of calculated theoretical limits. Peak grating efficiencies were achieved that are similar to 35% greater than that of the best available ruled masters of comparable design. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Xray Opt, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Franke, AE (reprint author), MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2940 EP 2945 DI 10.1116/1.589759 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100207 ER PT J AU Wendt, JR Vawter, GA Smith, RE Warren, ME AF Wendt, JR Vawter, GA Smith, RE Warren, ME TI Subwavelength, binary lenses at infrared wavelengths SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st International Conference on Electron, Ion, and Photon Beam Technology and Nanofabrication (EIBPN) CY MAY 27-30, 1997 CL DANA POINT, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, IEEE, Electron Device Soc, Optical Soc Amer ID DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL-ELEMENTS; GRATINGS; GAAS AB We describe the nanofabrication of subwavelength, binary lenses in GaAs for operation in the infrared. Subwavelength surface relief structures create an artificial material with an effective index of refraction determined by the fill factor of the binary pattern and can be designed to yield high-efficiency diffractive optical elements. In this work, we designed and fabricated a circular-aperture, off-axis lens with a deflection angle of 20 degrees, focal length of 110 mu m, and diameter of 80 mu m, for operation at 975 nm. The off-axis lens design has a theoretical efficiency of 92% and the fabricated lens exhibits a diffraction efficiency into the first order of 72% and 59% of the transmitted power for TE and TM polarization, respectively. A significant advantage of these subwavelength structures is that fabrication requires only a single-lithography-and-etch-step process, in this case, electron-beam lithography and reactive-ion-beam etching. (C) 1997 American Vacuum Society. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Wendt, JR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 2946 EP 2949 DI 10.1116/1.589760 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA YM807 UT WOS:000071103100208 ER PT J AU Fore, SA Vankat, JL Schaefer, RL AF Fore, SA Vankat, JL Schaefer, RL TI Temporal variation in the woody understory of an old-growth Fagus-Acer forest and implications for overstory recruitment SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Acer saccharum; Fagus grandifolia; gap dynamics; permanent plot ID BEECH-MAPLE FOREST; CENTRAL NEW-YORK; DECIDUOUS FOREST; UPLAND FOREST; DYNAMICS; COEXISTENCE; DISTURBANCE; VEGETATION; REPLACEMENT; SUCCESSION AB Changes in woody vegetation were examined over eight years, using a 1.05-ha permanent plot in which the location of every shrub and tree greater than or equal to 1 m height was mapped. There was little change in the overstory vegetation, as expected for an old-growth forest. Much greater change occurred in the understory, primarily related to a 40 % increase in density. Differences occurred among species in the understory, as Acer saccharum and Prunus serotina increased and Fraxinus americana and Fagus grandifolia decreased. Canopy gap dynamics are implicated in differences among species in the establishment and growth of individuals in the understory and their recruitment into the overstory. It is concluded that because understory is temporally variable, overstory recruitment from the understory may take different courses at different times in the same forest. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Bot, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Fore, SA (reprint author), Truman State Univ, Div Sci, Kirksville, MO 63501 USA. NR 38 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI UPPSALA PA BOX 25137, S 752 25 UPPSALA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 IS 5 BP 607 EP 614 DI 10.2307/3237364 PG 8 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA YP567 UT WOS:000071290800001 ER PT J AU Martens, SN Breshears, DD Meyer, CW Barnes, FJ AF Martens, SN Breshears, DD Meyer, CW Barnes, FJ TI Scales of above-ground and below-ground competition in a semi-arid woodland detected from spatial pattern SO JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE facilitation; juniper; Juniperus monosperma; Pinon; Pinus edulis; second-order spatial analysis ID DESERT SHRUBS; NORTHWEST COLORADO; PLANT-COMMUNITIES; JUNIPER WOODLANDS; FOREST GAPS; NEW-MEXICO; VEGETATION; DYNAMICS; SAVANNA; TREES AB Semi-arid woodlands are two-phase mosaics of canopy and inter-canopy patches. We hypothesized that both aboveground competition (within canopy patches), and below-ground competition (between canopy patches), would be important structuring processes in these communities. We investigated the spatial pattern of trees in a Pinus edulis-Juniperus monosperma woodland in New Mexico using Ripley's K-function. We found strong aggregation of trees at scales of 2 to 4 m, which indicates the scale of canopy patches. Canopy patches were composed of individuals of both species. Crown centers of both species were always less aggregated than stem centers at scales less than canopy patch size, indicating morphological plasticity of competing crowns. In the smallest size classes of both species, aggregation was most intense, and occurred over a larger range of scales; aggregation decreased with increasing size as is consistent with density-dependent mortality from intraspecific competition. Within canopy patches, younger trees were associated with older trees of the other species. At scales larger than canopy patches, younger trees showed repulsion from older conspecifics, indicating below-ground competition. Hence, intraspecific competition was stronger than interspecific competition, probably because the species differ in rooting depth. Woodland dynamics depend on the scale and composition of canopy patches, aggregated seed deposition and facilitation, above- and below-ground competition, and temporal changes in the spatial scale of interactions. This woodland is intermediate in a grassland-forest continuum (a gradient of increasing woody canopy cover) and hence we expected, and were able to detect, the effects of both above-and below-ground competition. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Environm Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Martens, SN (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI Breshears, David/B-9318-2009 OI Breshears, David/0000-0001-6601-0058 NR 66 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 18 PU OPULUS PRESS UPPSALA AB PI UPPSALA PA BOX 25137, S 752 25 UPPSALA, SWEDEN SN 1100-9233 J9 J VEG SCI JI J. Veg. Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 IS 5 BP 655 EP 664 DI 10.2307/3237370 PG 10 WC Plant Sciences; Ecology; Forestry SC Plant Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry GA YP567 UT WOS:000071290800007 ER PT J AU Cao, HY Kanki, P Sankale, JL DiengSarr, A Mazzara, GP Kalams, SA Korber, B Mboup, S Walker, BD AF Cao, HY Kanki, P Sankale, JL DiengSarr, A Mazzara, GP Kalams, SA Korber, B Mboup, S Walker, BD TI Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte cross-reactivity among different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clades: Implications for vaccine development SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL RECEPTOR USAGE; EX-VIVO EXPANSION; LOW VIRAL LOAD; FINE SPECIFICITY; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; ADOPTIVE TRANSFER; INFECTION; HIV-1; RESPONSES AB Despite recent advances in antiviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, successful global intervention will require an effective vaccine, Expanding evidence suggests that cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses will be an important component of such a vaccine, The varying geographic distribution of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) clades, with the relative absence of clade B HIV-1 outside the developed world, is considered a major obstacle to the development of a single efficacious vaccine, An understanding of cross-reactive CTL responses between different HIV-1 clades is crucial in the design of a vaccine which will be broadly immunogenic, In this study, we examined the ability of HIV-1 Gag-, reverse transcriptase-, and Env-specific CTL clones isolated from individuals infected in the United States to recognize non-B clade viral sequences and found that all were cross-reactive with the majority of non-B clade viral sequences tested. We next studied HIV-1-specific CTL responses in African individuals infected with clade A, C, or G virus and evaluated cross-recognition of clade B virus, Of 14 persons evaluated, all demonstrated cross-reactivity with the U.S. clade B viral constructs, We conclude that significant CTL cross-reactivity exists between clade B and non-B epitopes, suggesting that CTL cross-recognition among HIV-1 clades is more widespread than anticipated and that a vaccine based on a single clade may be broadly applicable. C1 MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,CTR AIDS RES,BOSTON,MA 02114. HARVARD UNIV,SCH MED,BOSTON,MA 02114. HARVARD UNIV,SCH PUBL HLTH,DEPT CANC BIOL,BOSTON,MA 02115. THERION BIOL,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02142. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV CHEIKH ANTA DIOP,LAB VIROL & BACTERIOL,DAKAR,SENEGAL. RP Cao, HY (reprint author), MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSP,INFECT DIS UNIT,GRAY 5,BOSTON,MA 02114, USA. OI Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 28568, AI 30914, AI-35173] NR 65 TC 138 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 71 IS 11 BP 8615 EP 8623 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA YB143 UT WOS:A1997YB14300063 PM 9343219 ER PT J AU Tarter, CB Campbell, EM AF Tarter, CB Campbell, EM TI Switch ''on'' the National Ignition Facility SO LASER FOCUS WORLD LA English DT Editorial Material RP Tarter, CB (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LASER PROGRAMS,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PENNWELL PUBL CO PI NASHUA PA 5TH FLOOR TEN TARA BOULEVARD, NASHUA, NH 03062-2801 SN 0740-2511 J9 LASER FOCUS WORLD JI Laser Focus World PD NOV PY 1997 VL 33 IS 11 BP 83 EP 84 PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA YF034 UT WOS:A1997YF03400029 ER PT J AU Behrenfeld, MJ Falkowski, PG AF Behrenfeld, MJ Falkowski, PG TI A consumer's guide to phytoplankton primary productivity models SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID OCEANIC PRIMARY PRODUCTION; MARINE PHOTOSYNTHESIS; SPECTRAL MODEL; LIGHT; CHLOROPHYLL; GROWTH; ALGORITHMS; SCALE; COLOR; STATE AB We describe a classification system for daily phytoplankton primary productivity models based on four implicit levels of mathematical integration. Depth-integrated productivity models have appeared in the literature on average once every 2 years over the past four decades. All of these models can be related to a single formulation equating depth-integrated primary production (Sigma PP) to surface phytoplankton biomass (C(surf)), a photoadaptive variable (P(opt)(b)), euphotic depth (Z(eu)), an irradiance-dependent function (F), and daylength (DL), The primary difference between models is the description of F, yet we found that irradiance has a relatively minor effect on variability in Sigma PP. We also found that only a small fraction of variability in Sigma PP can be attributed to vertical variability in phytoplankton biomass or variability in the light-limited slope for photosynthesis. Our results indicate that (1) differences between or within any model category have the potential to improve estimates of Sigma PP by <10%, so long as equivalent parameterizations are used for C(surf) and P(opt)(b), and (2) differences in estimates of global annual primary production are due almost entirely to differences in input biomass fields and estimates of the photoadaptive variable, P(opt)(b), not to fundamental differences between model constructs. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Oceanog & Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Behrenfeld, MJ (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Appl Sci, Div Oceanog & Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Reboreda, Rosa/A-2518-2012 NR 46 TC 344 Z9 360 U1 5 U2 58 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 42 IS 7 BP 1479 EP 1491 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA ZE703 UT WOS:000072822100001 ER PT J AU Wiarda, D Travis, CC AF Wiarda, D Travis, CC TI Determinability of model parameters in a two-stage deterministic cancer model SO MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MOUSE SKIN; CARCINOGENESIS; PAPILLOMAS; TUMOR; HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS; PROBABILITY; ED01 AB We investigate the determinability of model parameters for a two-stage cancer model, using as an example chemically induced skin cancer in mice. When the time course of the papilloma number and cancer rate are known, the rate of creation of initiated cells and their net-growth rate can be uniquely determined. These two high-level parameters are sufficient to uniquely simulate the experimental papilloma data. However, the mitotic and death rates of initiated and transformed cells cannot be determined from the available experimental data. The rate of creation of transformed cells and their net-growth rate cannot be determined independently. Thus, although the deterministic two-stage cancer model can simulate the kinetics of papilloma formation and skin cancer data, many of the basic underlying biological parameters (i.e., mitotic and death rates) cannot be uniquely determined from the usually available biological data. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CTR RISK MANAGEMENT,HLTH SCI RES DIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Wiarda, D (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0025-5564 J9 MATH BIOSCI JI Math. Biosci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 146 IS 1 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.1016/S0025-5564(97)00025-4 PG 13 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA YA880 UT WOS:A1997YA88000001 PM 9357291 ER PT J AU Warren, WE Neilsen, MK Kraynik, AM AF Warren, WE Neilsen, MK Kraynik, AM TI Torsional rigidity of a plateau border SO MECHANICS RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FOAMS C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Warren, WE (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Civil Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 11 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0093-6413 J9 MECH RES COMMUN JI Mech. Res. Commun. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 24 IS 6 BP 667 EP 672 DI 10.1016/S0093-6413(97)00085-2 PG 6 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA YM641 UT WOS:000071085100012 ER PT J AU Hasan, JS Jones, TD Morris, MD AF Hasan, JS Jones, TD Morris, MD TI MarCell(TM) software for modeling bone marrow radiation cell kinetics SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CFU-S; leukemia; proliferation; radiation; risk; stroma ID TOTAL-BODY IRRADIATION; INDUCED MYELOPOIESIS; PHOTONS; MICE AB Differential equations were used to model cellular injury, repair: and compensatory proliferation in the irradiated bone marrow. Recently, that model was implemented as MarCell(TM), a user-friendly MS-DOS computer program that allows users from a variety of technical disciplines to evaluate complex radiation exposure. The software allows menu selections for different sources of ionizing radiation. Choices for cell lineages include progenitor stroma, and malignant, and the available species include mouse, rat, dog, sheep, swine, burro, and man. An attractive feature is that any protracted irradiation can be compared with an equivalent prompt dose (EPD) in terms of cell kinetics for either the source used or for a reference such as 250 kVp x rays or Co-60. EPD is used to mean a dose rate for which no meaningful biological recovery occurs during the period of irradiation. For human as species, output from MarCell(TM) includes: risk of 30-day mortality; risk of whole-body cancer and leukemia based either on radiation-induced cytopenia or compensatory cell proliferation; cell survival and repopulation plots as functions of time or dose; and 4-week recovery following treatment. (C) 1997 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Hasan, JS (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1793 EP 1796 DI 10.1118/1.597945 PG 4 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YF932 UT WOS:A1997YF93200019 PM 9394288 ER PT J AU Osborn, W Matty, D Velbel, M Brown, P Wacker, J AF Osborn, W Matty, D Velbel, M Brown, P Wacker, J TI Fall, recovery and description of the Coleman chondrite SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METEORITES AB A 0.5 kg stony meteorite associated with a bright bolide seen over southeastern Michigan on 1994 October 20 has been recovered. The circumstances of the fall and recovery of this chondrite, named Coleman, are presented. The most likely trajectory from the observations of the event implies preatmospheric orbital parameters typical of meteorites. Gamma-ray spectrometry of the cosmogenic radionuclides showed that the recovered mass was an interior fragment of a larger body and revealed abnormally high Na-22 and Al-26 activity. Electron microprobe analysis yielded compositions of Fa(24.1) and Fs(20.3), which are consistent with an L-chondrite classification. Petrographically, the presence of chondrules, the observed mineralogy and the degree of chondrule-matrix integration suggests assignment to petrologic type 6. C1 CENT MICHIGAN UNIV, DEPT GEOL, MT PLEASANT, MI 48859 USA. MICHIGAN STATE UNIV, DEPT GEOL SCI, E LANSING, MI 48824 USA. UNIV WESTERN ONTARIO, DEPT PHYS, LONDON, ON N6A 3K7, CANADA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP Osborn, W (reprint author), CENT MICHIGAN UNIV, DEPT PHYS, MT PLEASANT, MI 48859 USA. NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 SN 0026-1114 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 32 IS 6 BP 781 EP 790 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA YG981 UT WOS:A1997YG98100009 ER PT J AU Baskes, MI Sha, XW Angelo, JE Moody, NR AF Baskes, MI Sha, XW Angelo, JE Moody, NR TI Trapping of hydrogen to lattice defects in nickel SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB The embedded atom method (EAM) potentials for the Ni/Al/H system as previously published contain errors. The corrected potentials are presented here. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Ctr Mat Simulat, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Seagate Technol, Bloomington, MN 55420 USA. RP Baskes, MI (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 2 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 5 U2 30 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 5 IS 6 BP 651 EP 652 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/5/6/007 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA YM363 UT WOS:000071056100007 ER PT J AU Downing, KH Nogales, E AF Downing, KH Nogales, E TI Atomic model of tubulin SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 12 EP 12 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09600012 ER PT J AU Brylawski, BP Cohen, SM CordeiroStone, M Longmire, JL Doggett, NA Kaufman, DG AF Brylawski, BP Cohen, SM CordeiroStone, M Longmire, JL Doggett, NA Kaufman, DG TI Construction of cosmid libraries of DNA replicated very early in S phase in normal human fibroblasts SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT PATHOL & LAB MED,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 126 EP 126 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09600126 ER PT J AU Jarnik, M Simon, MN Fan, E Lichti, C Steven, AC AF Jarnik, M Simon, MN Fan, E Lichti, C Steven, AC TI Cornified cell envelope assembly: Inferences from electron microscopy of mature, immature and cultured CEs SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIAMS,LSBR,BETHESDA,MD 20892. NIH,ECB,NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 189 EP 189 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09600186 ER PT J AU Lochter, A Hagios, C Galosy, S Muschler, J Freedman, N Werb, Z Bissell, MJ AF Lochter, A Hagios, C Galosy, S Muschler, J Freedman, N Werb, Z Bissell, MJ TI Loss of epithelial features in mammary epithelial cells is triggered by matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin-1 SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT ANAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 441 EP 441 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09600441 ER PT J AU Lelievre, SA Weaver, VM Larabell, CA Nickerson, JA Bissell, MJ AF Lelievre, SA Weaver, VM Larabell, CA Nickerson, JA Bissell, MJ TI Nuclear architecture changes as a function of both cell growth and 3-dimensional tissue organization. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,MED CTR,DEPT CELL BIOL,WORCESTER,MA 01605. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 589 EP 589 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09600585 ER PT J AU Bissell, MJ Weaver, VM Larabell, CA Wang, F Lelievre, S Petersen, OW AF Bissell, MJ Weaver, VM Larabell, CA Wang, F Lelievre, S Petersen, OW TI Form and function in normal and malignant breast: The dominance of tissue structure SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV COPENHAGEN,PANUM INST,DK-2200 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 707 EP 707 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09600704 ER PT J AU Albertson, D Segraves, R Sudar, D Chen, C Clark, S Durst, M Gray, J Pinkel, D AF Albertson, D Segraves, R Sudar, D Chen, C Clark, S Durst, M Gray, J Pinkel, D TI Analysis of DNA copy number variation in human papillomavirus-transfected cells during progression toward immortality using comparative genomic hybridization to DNA microarrays SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CANC GENET PROGRAM,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. DEUTSCH KREBSFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM,D-6900 HEIDELBERG,GERMANY. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 736 EP 736 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09600735 ER PT J AU Chen, HM Petersen, OW Bissell, MJ AF Chen, HM Petersen, OW Bissell, MJ TI A novel gene lost when human breast cells become malignant is reexpressed in reverted cells SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA. UNIV COPENHAGEN,PANUM INST,DK-2200 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 778 EP 778 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09600776 ER PT J AU Nunomura, W Takakuwa, Y Parra, M Conboy, J Mohandas, N AF Nunomura, W Takakuwa, Y Parra, M Conboy, J Mohandas, N TI Identification of Ca2+-dependent and -independent CaM binding sites on protein 4.1: Functional implications in regulation of 4.1 interactions with transmembrane proteins SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 TOKYO WOMENS MED COLL,DEPT BIOCHEM,SHINJUKU KU,TOKYO 162,JAPAN. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 1022 EP 1022 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09601020 ER PT J AU Parra, M Gascard, P Walensky, L Snyder, S Mohandas, N Conboy, JG AF Parra, M Gascard, P Walensky, L Snyder, S Mohandas, N Conboy, JG TI A family of distinct protein 4.1 genes is expressed in human tissues SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,BALTIMORE,MD. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 1023 EP 1023 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09601021 ER PT J AU MedinaMarino, A Weaver, VM Bissell, MJ AF MedinaMarino, A Weaver, VM Bissell, MJ TI Perturbations in alpha 1, beta 1 and alpha 6/beta 4 integrins precede malignant transformation in HMT 3522 mammary epithelial cells: A culture model of human breast cancer progression SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 1054 EP 1054 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09601053 ER PT J AU Tilkins, ML Goldsborough, MD LoboAlfonso, J Price, PJ Stevens, ME Morrison, JR AF Tilkins, ML Goldsborough, MD LoboAlfonso, J Price, PJ Stevens, ME Morrison, JR TI Production of germline transmitting mice from embryonic stem (ES) cells cultured in a serum-free culture system. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LIFE TECHNOL INC,RES & DEV,GRAND ISL,NY. LIFE TECHNOL INC,RES & DEV,GAITHERSBURG,MD. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 1353 EP 1353 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09601350 ER PT J AU Walensky, LD Shi, ZT Blackshaw, S DeVries, AC Demas, GE Nelson, RJ Conboy, J Rubin, E Snyder, SH Mohandas, N AF Walensky, LD Shi, ZT Blackshaw, S DeVries, AC Demas, GE Nelson, RJ Conboy, J Rubin, E Snyder, SH Mohandas, N TI The discrete localization of erythrocyte protein 4.1 in mammalian brain correlates with coordination and learning deficits in knock-out mice. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21205. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,DEPT PSYCHOL,BALTIMORE,MD 21218. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 1593 EP 1593 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09601588 ER PT J AU Roskelley, C Howarth, A Bissell, MJ Dedhar, S AF Roskelley, C Howarth, A Bissell, MJ Dedhar, S TI The integrin-linked kinase prevents ECM-dependent differentiation in mammary epithelial cells. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT ANAT,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 1Z3,CANADA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. SUNNYBROOK MED CTR,CANC BIOL PROGRAM,TORONTO,ON M4N 3M5,CANADA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 1638 EP 1638 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09601634 ER PT J AU Pujuguet, P Myers, CA Seagroves, TN Rosen, JM Bissell, MJ AF Pujuguet, P Myers, CA Seagroves, TN Rosen, JM Bissell, MJ TI Extracellular matrix-driven tissue-specific gene expression involves chromatin acetylation. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. BAYLOR COLL MED,HOUSTON,TX 77030. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 1643 EP 1643 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09601639 ER PT J AU Lee, G Coulombel, L Auffray, I Lum, M Gascard, P Conboy, J Mohandas, N Chasis, JA AF Lee, G Coulombel, L Auffray, I Lum, M Gascard, P Conboy, J Mohandas, N Chasis, JA TI Characterization of 18 isoforms of protein 4.1-R expressed during erythroid terminal differentiation. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 1700 EP 1700 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09601696 ER PT J AU Hirai, Y Lochter, A Galosy, S Bissell, MJ AF Hirai, Y Lochter, A Galosy, S Bissell, MJ TI Epimorphin functions as a morphoregulatory molecule for mammary epithelial cells. SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 SU S BP 2334 EP 2334 PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA YF096 UT WOS:A1997YF09602327 ER PT J AU Sordelet, DJ Dubois, JM AF Sordelet, DJ Dubois, JM TI Quasicrystals: Perspectives and potential applications SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID QUASI-CRYSTALLINE COATINGS; DECAGONAL QUASICRYSTALS; TRANSLATIONAL SYMMETRY; ICOSAHEDRAL ALLOYS; MN SYSTEM; RE ALLOYS; SOLIDIFICATION; STATES; PHASE; ORDER C1 AMES LAB,PLASMA SPRAY FACIL,AMES,IA. CNRS,NANCY,FRANCE. ECOLE MINES,MAT ENGN CTR,F-54042 NANCY,FRANCE. RP Sordelet, DJ (reprint author), US DOE,AMES LAB,MET & CERAM PROGRAM,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 46 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 22 IS 11 BP 34 EP 37 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA YF897 UT WOS:A1997YF89700007 ER PT J AU Okinaka, RT Perez-Castro, AV Sena, A Laubscher, K Strniste, GF Park, MS Hernandez, R MacInnes, MA Kraemer, KH AF Okinaka, RT Perez-Castro, AV Sena, A Laubscher, K Strniste, GF Park, MS Hernandez, R MacInnes, MA Kraemer, KH TI Heritable genetic alterations in a xeroderma pigmentosum group G Cockayne syndrome pedigree SO MUTATION RESEARCH-DNA REPAIR LA English DT Article DE xeroderma pigmentosum; Cockayne Syndrome ID COMPLEMENTATION GROUP-G; NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION NUCLEASE; DNA-REPAIR DEFECT; IONIZING-RADIATION; MOLECULAR-BASIS; YEAST RAD2; CELLS; PATIENT; CDNA; AMPLIFICATION AB A search for genetic alterations within the XPG gene has been conducted on skin and blood cells cultured from a newly characterized xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) patient (XP20BE). This patient is the ninth known case that falls into the extremely rare XP complementation group G. Four genetic markers within the XPG gene (including two polymorphisms) demonstrated the Mendelian distribution of this gene from the parents to the patient and to an unaffected sibling. The patient (XP20BE) inherited a G to T transversion from his father in exon I of the XPG gene that resulted in the conversion of a glutamic acid at codon 11 to a termination codon. The patient also inherited an XP-G allele from his mother that produces an unstable or poorly expressed message. The cause of the latter defect is still uncertain. In addition to these alterations, XP20BE cDNA contained an mRNA species with a large splicing defect that encompassed a deletion from exon 1 to exon 14. This splicing defect, however, appears to be a naturally occurring low-frequency event that results from abnormal splicing that occurs between certain conserved non-consensus splicing signals within the human XPG gene. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. No New Mexico Coll, Dept Biol, Espanola, NM 87532 USA. NCI, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Okinaka, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Life Sci, LS-6,M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 BC004517-31] NR 35 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8777 J9 MUTAT RES-DNA REPAIR JI Mutat. Res.-DNA Repair PD NOV PY 1997 VL 385 IS 2 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1016/S0921-8777(97)00031-1 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA YQ499 UT WOS:000071393900003 PM 9447232 ER PT J AU Chen, SM Wang, QL Nie, ZQ Sun, H Lennon, G Copeland, NG Gilbert, DJ Jenkins, NA Zack, DJ AF Chen, SM Wang, QL Nie, ZQ Sun, H Lennon, G Copeland, NG Gilbert, DJ Jenkins, NA Zack, DJ TI Crx, a novel Otx-like paired-homeodomain protein, binds to and transactivates photoreceptor cell-specific genes SO NEURON LA English DT Article ID ROD RETINAL DYSTROPHY; CIS-ACTING ELEMENT; TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NRL; HOMEO DOMAIN PROTEIN; RAT OPSIN PROMOTER; TRANSGENIC MICE; UPSTREAM REGION; CHROMOSOME 19Q; MOUSE RETINA AB The otd/Otx gene family encodes paired-like homeodomain proteins that are involved in the regulation of anterior head structure and sensory organ development. Using the yeast one-hybrid screen with a bait containing the Ret 4 site from the bovine rhodopsin promoter, we have cloned a new member of the family, Crx (Cone rod homeobox). Crx encodes a 299 amino acid residue protein with a paired-like homeodomain near its N terminus. In the adult, it is expressed predominantly in photoreceptors and pinealocytes. In the developing mouse retina, it is expressed by embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5). Recombinant Crx binds in vitro not only to the Ret 4 site but also to the Ret 1 and BAT-1 sites. In transient transfection studies, Crx transactivates rhodopsin promoter-reporter constructs. Its activity is synergistic with that of Nr1. Crx also binds to and transactivates the genes for several other photoreceptor cell-specific proteins (interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, beta-phosphodiesterase, and arrestin). Human Crx maps to chromosome 19q13.3, the site of a cone rod dystrophy (CORDII). These studies implicate Crx as a potentially important regulator of photoreceptor cell development and gene expression and also identify it as a candidate gene for CORDII and other retinal diseases. C1 JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,WILMER INST,BALTIMORE,MD 21287. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT MOL BIOL & GENET,BALTIMORE,MD 21287. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV,SCH MED,DEPT NEUROSCI,BALTIMORE,MD 21287. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NCI,FREDERICK CANC RES & DEV CTR,MAMMALIAN GENET LAB,ABL BASIC RES PROGRAM,FREDERICK,MD 21702. OI Zack, Don/0000-0002-7966-1973 FU NEI NIH HHS [EY01765, EY09769, F32 EY006614] NR 77 TC 479 Z9 483 U1 1 U2 7 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1050 MASSACHUSETTES AVE, CIRCULATION DEPT, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 SN 0896-6273 J9 NEURON JI Neuron PD NOV PY 1997 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1017 EP 1030 DI 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80394-3 PG 14 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YH594 UT WOS:A1997YH59400010 PM 9390516 ER PT J AU Saigusa, M Kusama, Y Ozeki, T Kimura, H Fujita, T Moriyama, S Fujii, T Azumi, M Afanassiev, VI Neyatani, Y Fu, GY Cheng, CZ AF Saigusa, M Kusama, Y Ozeki, T Kimura, H Fujita, T Moriyama, S Fujii, T Azumi, M Afanassiev, VI Neyatani, Y Fu, GY Cheng, CZ TI Effect of smear in toroidal rotation on toroidicity induced Alfven eigenmodes SO NUCLEAR FUSION LA English DT Article ID TAE MODES; DIII-D; PLASMAS; JT-60U; TOKAMAK; INSTABILITIES; STABILITY; IONS AB It is found that low-n toroidicity induced Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs) excited by ion cyclotron resonance heating can be stabilized by counter-tangential neutral beam injection in JT-60U. The deformation of the radial structure of the TAE mode due to the shear in toroidal rotation is a plausible stabilizing mechanism. This mechanism is also expected to be effective in suppressing high-ri. TAE modes. Real time control of TAE mode amplitudes using toroidal rotation control is possible for burn control in fusion reactors. C1 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. Princeton Univ, Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. Ibaraki Univ, Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Saigusa, M (reprint author), Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Naka Fus Res Estab, Naka, Ibaraki 31101, Japan. RI Afanasyev, Valery/C-7657-2014; Cheng, Chio/K-1005-2014 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0029-5515 J9 NUCL FUSION JI Nucl. Fusion PD NOV PY 1997 VL 37 IS 11 BP 1559 EP 1568 DI 10.1088/0029-5515/37/11/I05 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 195LK UT WOS:000080252200006 ER PT J AU Ross, S Zentai, G Shah, KS Alkire, RW Naday, I Westbrook, EM AF Ross, S Zentai, G Shah, KS Alkire, RW Naday, I Westbrook, EM TI Amorphous silicon, semiconductor X-ray converter detectors for protein crystallography SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE X-ray detector; amorphous silicon; protein crystallography; lead iodide ID AREA DETECTOR; SENSOR ARRAYS; CCD AB Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is a semiconductor material which call be inexpensively deposited to create a large array detector or readout structure. Combining it with a suitable semiconductor X-ray sensitive converter would produce a large, sensitive detector for X-rays with energies of 6-20 keV such as used in measurements of diffraction patterns for protein crystallography. In these experiments, the diffraction patterns created when X-rays strike crystallized protein samples are used to infer the physical structure of the molecules. The requirements for the detector include the ability to record signal peaks to high diffraction order to obtain accurate mapping of the electron density of the protein molecule, plus rapid sampling of the diffraction pattern to minimize radiation dose to the exposed crystal, while maintaining high signal-to-noise ratios. In this paper we summarize our results to date measuring and modeling the suitability of various semiconductor thin films for direct X-ray detection, and of the noise and readout properties of an amorphous silicon matrix array, We provide sample diffraction patterns obtained from a protein crystal taken at the Argonne Advanced Photon Source X-ray synchrotron using a phosphor coated a-Si: H array. C1 RADIAT MONITORING DEVICES INC,WATERTOWN,MA 02172. RP Ross, S (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 399 IS 1 BP 38 EP 50 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(97)00793-6 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA YE125 UT WOS:A1997YE12500006 ER PT J AU Reeder, PL Peurrung, AJ Sunberg, DS Stoffels, JJ ChenMayer, HH Mildner, DFR Sharov, VA Fokin, VS AF Reeder, PL Peurrung, AJ Sunberg, DS Stoffels, JJ ChenMayer, HH Mildner, DFR Sharov, VA Fokin, VS TI Metal capillaries for neutron lenses SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article ID CYLINDRICAL GUIDE TUBE; TRANSMISSION AB The use of metal reflective surfaces should greatly improve the transmission of neutron focusing devices based on glass polycapillary lenses because the longer scattering lengths of many metals allow greater critical angles compared to glass, The neutron transmission of single channel metal capillaries has been studied using cold neutron beams and an imaging neutron detector. Metal capillaries obtained from commercial sources have been studied both as supplied and as treated by chemical flow or electropolishing techniques to compare the transmission performance as a function of the smoothness of the metal surface. The reflectivities calculated from the experimental transmissions vary as a function of internal diameter and of capillary length, but are not sensitive to the various surface treatments studied here. None of the metal capillaries have reflectivities as good as the glass capillaries currently being used. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20899 USA. XRAY OPT SYST INC, ALBANY, NY 12205 USA. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI, INST PHYS & TECHNOL, MOSCOW 117218, RUSSIA. RP Reeder, PL (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 399 IS 1 BP 101 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0168-9002(97)00903-0 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA YE125 UT WOS:A1997YE12500013 ER PT J AU McKinsey, DN Brome, CR Butterworth, JS Golub, R Habicht, K Huffman, PR Lamoreaux, SK Mattoni, CEH Doyle, JM AF McKinsey, DN Brome, CR Butterworth, JS Golub, R Habicht, K Huffman, PR Lamoreaux, SK Mattoni, CEH Doyle, JM TI Fluorescence efficiencies of thin scintillating films in the extreme ultraviolet spectral region SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD NEUTRONS AB Fluorescence efficiencies of the organic scintillators tetraphenyl butadiene (TPB), p-terphenyl (TPH), and diphenyl stilbene (DPS) are measured relative to sodium salicylate at incident wavelengths of 58.4 and 74.0 nm, Optimum thickness and dopant concentration are determined for maximum fluorescence yield in evaporated, sprayed, and doped plastic films. Measurements made with alpha (alpha) particle induced scintillations in gaseous argon (a broad band vacuum ultraviolet light source) were in good agreement with those made using the line source. Transparent scintillator doped plastic films have been developed which yield fluorescence efficiencies comparable to that of sodium salicylate. Evaporated films show the highest fluorescent yields, reaching almost four times the efficiency of sprayed sodium salicylate,On the other hand, doped plastic films offer some advantages. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 HAHN MEITNER INST BERLIN GMBH,D-1000 BERLIN,GERMANY. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP McKinsey, DN (reprint author), HARVARD UNIV,DEPT PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138, USA. RI Habicht, Klaus/K-3636-2013; OI Habicht, Klaus/0000-0002-9915-7221; Huffman, Paul/0000-0002-2562-1378 NR 19 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD NOV PY 1997 VL 132 IS 3 BP 351 EP 358 DI 10.1016/S0168-583X(97)00409-6 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA YH608 UT WOS:A1997YH60800001 ER PT J AU Molina, PE Ding, YS Carroll, FI Liang, F Volkow, ND Pappas, N Kuhar, M Abumrad, N Gatley, SJ Fowler, JS AF Molina, PE Ding, YS Carroll, FI Liang, F Volkow, ND Pappas, N Kuhar, M Abumrad, N Gatley, SJ Fowler, JS TI Fluoro-norchloroepibatidine: Preclinical assessment of acute toxicity SO NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluoro-norchloroepibatidine; nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; toxicity; hemodynamics; positron emission tomography ID NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE-RECEPTORS; EPIBATIDINE AB (18)Fluoro-norchloroepibatidine (exo-2-(6-fluoro-3-pyridyl)-7-azabicyclo-[2.2.1]heptane [NFEP]), a labeled derivative of epibatidine, has shown promise for imaging brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with PET. We determined the dose-dependent effects of NFEP in conscious rats. NFEP (1.5 mu g/kg; administered intravenously) resulted in 30% mortality. Neither 0.5 mu g/kg or 0.25 mu g/kg NFEP resulted in any significant changes in cardiorespiratory parameters, but plasma catecholamines increased (2- to 3-fold). Further studies are needed to determine the safety of NFEP that are specifically designed to assess the catecholamine response. Our results suggest that it is not advisable to initiate human PET studies with [F-18]-NFEP without further evidence supporting its safety. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 N SHORE UNIV HOSP,DEPT SURG,MANHASSET,NY 11030. RES TRIANGLE INST,RES TRIANGLE PK,NC 27709. EMORY UNIV,ATLANTA,GA 30322. RP Molina, PE (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT MED,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS-153800] NR 17 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0883-2897 J9 NUCL MED BIOL JI Nucl. Med. Biol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 24 IS 8 BP 743 EP 747 DI 10.1016/S0969-8051(97)00120-0 PG 5 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YE966 UT WOS:A1997YE96600008 PM 9428600 ER PT J AU Seeman, JT AF Seeman, JT TI KEKB and PEP-II B factories SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th KEK Topical Conference on Flavor Physics CY OCT 29-31, 1996 CL NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS, TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, High Energy Accelator Res Org, Minist Educ Sci Sports & Culture, Japan, Fdn High Energy Accelerator Sci HO NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS AB Two asymmetric B-Factories KEKB at KEK and PEP-II at SLAG are under construction, designed to study CP violation in the b-quark sector with a center of mass energy of 10.58 GeV. These two new accelerators are high luminosity two-ring two-energy e(+) e(-) colliders with one interaction point. There are many challenging accelerator physics and engineering issues associated with the high beam currents and high luminosities of these rings. The chosen solutions to these issues and the general parameters of the two rings are described in detail side-by-side below. KEKB and PEP-II are well into the installation phase and are both scheduled to be completed in 1998. The particle physics programs are scheduled to start in 1999. RP Seeman, JT (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,POB 4349,SAND HILL RD,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD NOV PY 1997 SU 59 BP 51 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(97)00427-1 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA YG180 UT WOS:A1997YG18000006 ER PT J AU Buchalla, G AF Buchalla, G TI Rare kaon decays SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th KEK Topical Conference on Flavor Physics CY OCT 29-31, 1996 CL NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS, TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, High Energy Accelator Res Org, Minist Educ Sci Sports & Culture, Japan, Fdn High Energy Accelerator Sci HO NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS ID LONGITUDINAL MUON POLARIZATION; DIRECT CP VIOLATION; TOP-QUARK MASS; LEADING LOGARITHMS; K-DECAYS; BRANCHING RATIO; VERTICAL-BAR; K+->PI+MU+MU; K(L)->PI(0)GAMMA-GAMMA; PARAMETERS AB The phenomenology of rare kaon decays is reviewed, with emphasis on tests of standard model flavordynamics. RP Buchalla, G (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD NOV PY 1997 SU 59 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(97)00435-0 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA YG180 UT WOS:A1997YG18000014 ER PT J AU Cooper, MD AF Cooper, MD TI mu(+)->e(+)gamma and related rare decays SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th KEK Topical Conference on Flavor Physics CY OCT 29-31, 1996 CL NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS, TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, High Energy Accelator Res Org, Minist Educ Sci Sports & Culture, Japan, Fdn High Energy Accelerator Sci HO NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS AB The connection of rare decays to supersymmetric grand unification is highlighted, and a brief review of the status of rare decay experiments is given. The status of the MEGA experiment, a search for mu(+) --> e(+)gamma, is reported. Some ideas for a new experimental arrangement that has the potential to reach a sensitivity of 10(-14) are presented. RP Cooper, MD (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD NOV PY 1997 SU 59 BP 209 EP 216 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA YG180 UT WOS:A1997YG18000023 ER PT J AU Barbieri, R Hall, LJ Romanino, A AF Barbieri, R Hall, LJ Romanino, A TI Flavour physics, flavour symmetries, supersymmetry and unification SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th KEK Topical Conference on Flavor Physics CY OCT 29-31, 1996 CL NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS, TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, High Energy Accelator Res Org, Minist Educ Sci Sports & Culture, Japan, Fdn High Energy Accelerator Sci HO NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS ID PREDICTIONS; BREAKING; DECAYS; MODEL AB While solving the supersymmetric flavour problem, a U(2) flavour symmetry might be at the origin of the pattern of fermion masses and mixings. The consequences of this hypothesis are spelled out concerning the parameters of the CKM matrix and their observability in B- and K-physics. The relevance of searching for lepton flavour violation and for the electric dipole moments of the electron and the neutron is also emphasized. C1 IST NAZL FIS NUCL,SEZ PISA,I-56126 PISA,ITALY. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Barbieri, R (reprint author), UNIV PISA,DIPARTIMENTO FIS,PIAZZA TORRICELLI 2,I-56126 PISA,ITALY. RI Romanino, Andrea/I-3480-2012 OI Romanino, Andrea/0000-0002-5915-4747 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD NOV PY 1997 SU 59 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(97)00445-3 PG 6 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA YG180 UT WOS:A1997YG18000024 ER PT J AU Turner, MS AF Turner, MS TI Cosmology 1996 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th KEK Topical Conference on Flavor Physics CY OCT 29-31, 1996 CL NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS, TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, High Energy Accelator Res Org, Minist Educ Sci Sports & Culture, Japan, Fdn High Energy Accelerator Sci HO NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS ID COLD DARK-MATTER; BIG-BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE; GRAND-UNIFIED THEORIES; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; DEUTERIUM ABUNDANCE; TENSOR PERTURBATIONS; BACKGROUND-RADIATION; BARYON DENSITY; CONSTANT AB The current state of cosmology is easy to summarize: a very successful standard model - the hot big-bang cosmology - that accounts for the evolution of the Universe from 10(-2) sec until the present; bold ideas based upon early-Universe physics - foremost among them inflation and cold dark matter - that can extend the standard cosmology to times as early as 10(-32) sec and address the most pressing questions; and a flood of observations from determinations of the Hubble constant to measurements of CBR anisotropy - that are testing inflation and cold dark matter. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,ENRICO FERMI INST,DEPT ASTRON & ASTROPHYS,CHICAGO,IL 60637. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,NASA,FERMILAB ASTROPHYS CTR,BATAVIA,IL 60510. RP Turner, MS (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,ENRICO FERMI INST,DEPT PHYS,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD NOV PY 1997 SU 59 BP 239 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(97)00448-9 PG 10 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA YG180 UT WOS:A1997YG18000027 ER PT J AU Ayres, DS AF Ayres, DS TI The MINOS long-baseline experiment at Fermilab SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th KEK Topical Conference on Flavor Physics CY OCT 29-31, 1996 CL NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS, TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, High Energy Accelator Res Org, Minist Educ Sci Sports & Culture, Japan, Fdn High Energy Accelerator Sci HO NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS AB The MINOS long-baseline experiment will search for neutrino oscillations by measuring an intense nu(mu) beam at the end of a 730 km flight path. The 10,000 ton MINOS 'far detector' will utilize magnetized steel plates interleaved with track chambers to reconstruct event topologies and to measure the energies of the muons, hadrons and electromagnetic showers produced by neutrino interactions. The experiment is designed to detect nu(mu) --> nu(tau) and nu(mu) --> nu(e) oscillations with Delta m(2) greater than or equal to 0.001 eV(2) and sin(2)(2 theta) greater than or equal to 0.01. Any oscillation signal observed can be verified and studied by several independent tests: a near/far rate comparison, the NC/CC event ratio, the CC and NC event energy spectra, and the identification of electrons and tau leptons. The neutrino beam can be operated in both wide-band and narrow-band configurations, allowing the detailed study oscillation phenomena. The experiment is scheduled to begin operation in 2001. RP Ayres, DS (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV HIGH ENERGY PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD NOV PY 1997 SU 59 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(97)00455-6 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA YG180 UT WOS:A1997YG18000034 ER PT J AU Marciano, WJ AF Marciano, WJ TI Flavor physics - Summary and commentary (Exploring the origin of fermion masses, mixing, and CP violation) SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th KEK Topical Conference on Flavor Physics CY OCT 29-31, 1996 CL NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS, TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Inst Particle & Nucl Studies, High Energy Accelator Res Org, Minist Educ Sci Sports & Culture, Japan, Fdn High Energy Accelerator Sci HO NATL LAB HIGH ENERGY PHYS ID KOBAYASHI-MASKAWA MATRIX; ELECTROWEAK AB Flavor physics has played an important historical role in unveiling Nature's intricacies and challenging our imaginations. It is expected to continue that legacy well into the future. In this conference summary, I recall some critical Standard Model developments associated with K, B, mu, tau, and nu studies and describe ongoing and anticipated efforts many of which have been reported on at this meeting. RP BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0550-3213 EI 1873-1562 J9 NUCL PHYS B JI Nucl. Phys. B PD NOV PY 1997 SU 59 BP 339 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S0920-5632(97)00460-X PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA YG180 UT WOS:A1997YG18000039 ER PT J AU Kornreich, DE Ganapol, BD AF Kornreich, DE Ganapol, BD TI Numerical evaluation of the three-dimensional searchlight problem in a half-space SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER AB The linear Boltzmann equation for the transport of neutral particles is investigated with the objective of generating a benchmark-quality calculation for the three-dimensional searchlight problem in a semi-infinite medium. The derivation assumes stationarity, one energy group, and isotropic scattering. The scalar flux (both surface and interior) and the current at the surface are the quantities of interest. The source considered is a pencil-beam incident at a point on the surface of a semi-infinite medium The scalar flux will have two-dimensional variation only if the beam is normal; otherwise, it is three-dimensional. The solutions are obtained by using Fourier and Laplace transform methods. The transformed transport equation is formulated so that it can be related to a one-dimensional pseudo problem, thus providing some analytical leverage for the inversions. The numerical inversions use standard numerical techniques such as Gauss-Legendre quadrature, summation of infinite series, H-function iteration and evaluation, and Euler-Knopp acceleration. The numerical evaluations of the scalar flux and current at the surface are relatively simple, and the interior scalar flux is relatively difficult to calculate because of the embedded two-dimensional Fourier transform inversion, Laplace transform inversion, and H-function evaluation. Comparisons of these numerical solutions to results from the MCNP probabilistic code and the THREEDANT discrete ordinates code are provided and help confirm proper operation of the analytical code. C1 UNIV ARIZONA,DEPT AEROSP & MECH ENGN,TUCSON,AZ 85721. RP Kornreich, DE (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,TSA-7,MS F609,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 127 IS 3 BP 317 EP 337 PG 21 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA YG735 UT WOS:A1997YG73500005 ER PT J AU Booth, TE AF Booth, TE TI Exponential convergence on a continuous Monte Carlo transport problem SO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID VARIANCE BIASING SCHEMES AB For more than a decade, it has been known that exponential convergence on discrete transport problems was possible using adaptive Monte Carlo techniques. An adaptive Monte Carlo method that empirically produces exponential convergence on a simple continuous transport problem is described. RP Booth, TE (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,RADIAT TRANSPORT GRP,MAIL STOP B226,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60525 SN 0029-5639 J9 NUCL SCI ENG JI Nucl. Sci. Eng. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 127 IS 3 BP 338 EP 345 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA YG735 UT WOS:A1997YG73500006 ER PT J AU Farlow, GC Boatner, LA AF Farlow, GC Boatner, LA TI Irradiation effects in MgF2 coatings on Si and GaAs substrates SO OPTICAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID ION AB Heavy-particle irradiation effects have been investigated as a potential method for inducing ion-beam mixing and thereby improving the adhesion between a thin-film MgF2 anti-reflection coating and substrates with optical or electro-optical applications. The nature of the ion-beam-induced alterations of MgF2 films deposited on Si or GaAs substrates and subsequently; irradiated with 210 keV Xe+ ions was studied using Rutherford backscattering and scanning electron microscopy. The results are compared with those obtained in previous studies of MgF2 films deposited on LiF substrates. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Farlow, GC (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-3467 J9 OPT MATER JI Opt. Mater. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 8 IS 4 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1016/S0925-3467(97)00051-7 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA YL983 UT WOS:000071015200007 ER PT J AU Clifford, DJ Hatcher, PG Botto, RE Muntean, JV Michels, B Anderson, KB AF Clifford, DJ Hatcher, PG Botto, RE Muntean, JV Michels, B Anderson, KB TI The nature and fate of natural resins in the geosphere - VIII. NMR and Py-GC-MS characterization of soluble labdanoid polymers, isolated from Holocene class I resins SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE amber; resinite; labdanoid; maturation; structure; NMR; Py-GC-MS ID LATROBE-VALLEY RESINITES; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; NATURALLY-OCCURRING SUBSTANCES; POLYLABDANOID RESINITES; PULSE SEQUENCES; C-13 NMR; AMBER; MATURATION; CLASSIFICATION; METHYLATION AB Soluble polylabdanoids isolated by sequential solvent extraction have been characterized by liquid-state C-13- and H-1 NMR and C-13-H-1 HMQC (heteronuclear correlation) NMR spectroscopy in addition to solid-state NMR and Py-GC-MS techniques. Two Holocene resins originating from Santander, Colombia and Mombasa, Kenya were analyzed. Soluble polymers were isolated by extraction with a 1:1 (v/v) methylene chloride-methanol mixture following sequential extractions with methylene chloride and methanol. The molecular weight of polymer extracts was shown by GPC analyses to exceed that of non-polymeric occluded terpenoids. Py-GC-MS, solid-state C-13 CP/MAS and C-13 cross-polarization/depolarization NMR spectroscopy results indicated that chemical compositions of soluble polymers isolated from immature resins are highly representative of the structure of corresponding insoluble polymers, i.e. polylabdatrienes. These data provide evidence for cross-linking or cyclization of side-chain olefinic carbons during or shortly after polymerization. Generally, the characterization of soluble resin polymers by liquid-state NMR spectroscopy has proven to be an excellent means for investigating the maturation mechanism of polylabdanoid resinites, and has potential for furthering the application of Class I resinites as geothermal indicators. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Penn State Univ, Fuel Sci Program, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Amoco Oil Co, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. RP Clifford, DJ (reprint author), Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Biogeochem & Toxicol, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. EM clifford@nioz.nl NR 49 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 27 IS 7-8 BP 449 EP 464 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(97)00043-0 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA YT905 UT WOS:000071658300007 ER PT J AU Knauss, KG Copenhaver, SA Braun, RL Burnham, AK AF Knauss, KG Copenhaver, SA Braun, RL Burnham, AK TI Hydrous pyrolysis of New Albany and Phosphoria Shales: production kinetics of carboxylic acids and light hydrocarbons and interactions between the inorganic and organic chemical systems SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hydrous pyrolysis; carboxylic acids; kinetics; speciation modeling; solubility; light hydrocarbons; New Albany Shale; Phosphoria Shale ID LOUISIANA GULF-COAST; SAN JOAQUIN BASIN; MOLAL THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CLASTIC DIAGENESIS; FORMATION WATERS; SOURCE ROCKS; OIL-SHALE; THERMAL DECARBOXYLATION; POROSITY ENHANCEMENT; AQUEOUS COMPLEXATION AB Hydrous pyrolysis in flexible gold-bag autoclaves was used to study the production of carboxylic acids and light hydrocarbons from two marine type IIb source rocks (New Albany and Phosphoria Shales). Kerogen pyrolysis produced significant amounts of the monocarboxylic acids (acetic>propionic>butyric). The gases were dominated by CO2 and methane, in that order, and progressively smaller amounts of the alkanes (ethane>propane>butane>pentane). Kinetic analyses of production rates for the New Albany Shale suggest mean activation energies (E) of 51-54 kcal/mol for both the light hydrocarbons and acids. Pressure had little effect on measured production rates for either shale over the pressure range investigated. Chemical thermodynamic speciation modeling suggests that in these experiments metal-organic acid anion complexation had little impact on aluminum speciation/solubility, but was important with respect to the alkaline earths. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Knauss, KG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI knauss, kevin/K-2827-2012 NR 61 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 27 IS 7-8 BP 477 EP 496 DI 10.1016/S0146-6380(97)00081-8 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA YT905 UT WOS:000071658300009 ER PT J AU Morris, JR Scharff, J Ho, KM Turner, DE Ye, YY Yoo, MH AF Morris, JR Scharff, J Ho, KM Turner, DE Ye, YY Yoo, MH TI Prediction of a {11(2)over-bar-2} hcp stacking fault using a modified generalized stacking-fault calculation SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE A-PHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER STRUCTURE DEFECTS AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES LA English DT Article ID DISLOCATION CORES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; UNSTRESSED CRYSTALS; METALS; POTENTIALS; BEHAVIOR; SLIP AB We present a new approach for calculating generalized stacking-fault energies, which allows for in-plane relaxation of atoms. When applied to the (<11(2)over bar 2>) slip plane in hcp materials, our approach predicts that a stable stacking fault occurs, associated with a slip of 1/6(<11(23)over bar>) equivalent to 1/2(c + a). This is consistent with the edge dislocation with b = (c + a) breaking into two partial dislocations, each with b = 1/2(c + a) observed in previous simulations of the dislocation cores. The resulting generalized stacking-fault energy profile may be useful in understanding the competition between {<11(2)over bar 2>}(<11(22)over bar>) twinning (observed in Zr and Ti) and the related slip mode, observed in Mg, Co and Zn. C1 WUHAN UNIV,CTR ANAL & TESTING,WUHAN 430072,PEOPLES R CHINA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Morris, JR (reprint author), US DOE,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. RI Morris, J/I-4452-2012 OI Morris, J/0000-0002-8464-9047 NR 28 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0141-8610 J9 PHILOS MAG A JI Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1065 EP 1077 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA YC627 UT WOS:A1997YC62700010 ER PT J AU Asta, M Quong, AA AF Asta, M Quong, AA TI The concentration and temperature dependences of antiphase-boundary energies in gamma-TiAl: a first-principles study SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PLANAR FAULT ENERGIES; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHASE-DIAGRAMS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ALLOYS; AL AB The dependences of antiphase-boundary (APE) energetics upon temperature and concentration in gamma-TiAl have been studied from first principles. Total energies for idealized APBs and various ordered Ti-Al compounds have been calculated ab initio and used as a basis for thermodynamic computations. Finite-temperature APB energies have been calculated for both thermally equilibrated and unequilibrated {100} and {111} boundaries as a function of Al concentration. It is found that the effect of temperature and Al-rich compositions is to reduce significantly the calculated APB energies, bringing the theoretical values into better agreement with estimates based upon experimental measurements. RP Asta, M (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS, COMPUTAT MAT SCI DEPT, MS 9161, POB 969, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0950-0839 J9 PHIL MAG LETT JI Philos. Mag. Lett. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 76 IS 5 BP 331 EP 339 DI 10.1080/095008397178931 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA YC617 UT WOS:A1997YC61700005 ER PT J AU Wu, H Kramer, MJ Dennis, KW McCallum, RW AF Wu, H Kramer, MJ Dennis, KW McCallum, RW TI Effect of oxygen partial pressure on the lower solubility limit of Nd1+xBa2-xCu3O7 SO PHYSICA C LA English DT Article DE NdBaCuO; solid solution; oxygen partial pressure ID BA-CU-O; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DECOMPOSITION; NONSTOICHIOMETRY; YBA2CU3OX; JC AB The lower solubility Limits of Nd1+xBa2-xCu3O7 (Nd123ss) in 1 bar, 0.2 bar, 0.01 bar, and 0.001 bar oxygen partial pressure (P-O2) were studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Large relative changes in stability with decreasing P-O2 explain why sharp superconducting transitions can be achieved in P-O2 less than or equal to 0.01 bar while processing in 0.2 to 1 bar P-O2 tends to produce broad transitions. While the lower solubility limits in 0.01 bar and 0.001 bar P-O2 remain at x = 0.00, the solubility limits in 0.2 bar and 1 bar P-O2 show a narrowing with decreasing temperature. Because of the narrowing of the solubility range in 1 bar P-O2, oxygen annealing of Nd123 initially processed in low P-O2 will result in precipitation of second phases which act as flux pinning centers. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Wu, H (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 25 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4534 J9 PHYSICA C JI Physica C PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 290 IS 3-4 BP 252 EP 264 DI 10.1016/S0921-4534(97)01604-3 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YN501 UT WOS:000071174900007 ER PT J AU Nusse, S Bolivar, PH Kurz, H Klimov, V Levy, F AF Nusse, S Bolivar, PH Kurz, H Klimov, V Levy, F TI Femtosecond study of carrier cooling and exciton formation in the layered III-VI semiconductor GaSe SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM SELENIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; CDS AB We give a comprehensive study of carrier cooling and exciton formation in GaSe using femtosecond time-resolved photoluminescence. The initial subpicosecond cooling of hot carriers is due to the Frohlich interaction with longitudinal optical E' phonons and is followed by a slower cooling process dominated by the deformation potential interaction with nonpolar optical A(1)' phonons. The subsequent formation of excitons and their spectral relaxation is studied at different carrier densities, detection energies and lattice temperatures. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. ECOLE POLYTECH FED LAUSANNE, INST PHYS APPL, CH-1015 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND. RP Nusse, S (reprint author), RHEIN WESTFAL TH AACHEN, INST HALBLEITERTECH 2, SOMMERFELDSTR 24, D-52056 AACHEN, GERMANY. RI Haring Bolivar, Peter/C-9436-2012 OI Haring Bolivar, Peter/0000-0001-5875-556X NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 204 IS 1 BP 98 EP 101 DI 10.1002/1521-3951(199711)204:1<98::AID-PSSB98>3.0.CO;2-G PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YJ654 UT WOS:A1997YJ65400031 ER PT J AU Nguyen, AT Budker, D DeMille, D Zolotorev, M AF Nguyen, AT Budker, D DeMille, D Zolotorev, M TI Search for parity nonconservation in atomic dysprosium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-ROTATION; STATES AB Results of a search for parity nonconservation (PNC) in a pair of nearly degenerate opposite-parity states in atomic dysprosium are reported. The sensitivity to PNC mixing is enhanced in this system by the small energy separation between these levels, which can be crossed by applying an external magnetic field. The metastable odd-parity sublevel of the nearly crossed pair is first populated. A rapidly oscillating electric field is applied to mix this level with its even-parity partner. By observing time-resolved quantum beats between these sublevels, we look for interference between the Stark-induced mixing and the much smaller PNC mixing. To guard against possible systematic effects, reversals of the signs of the electric field, the magnetic field, and the decrossing of the sublevels are employed. We report a value of \H-w\=\2.3+/-2.9 (statistical)+/-0.7(systematic)\Hz for the magnitude of the weak-interaction matrix element. A detailed discussion is given of the apparatus, data analysis, and systematic effects. [S1050-2947(97)02111-2]. C1 EO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV NUCL SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. EO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,CTR BEAM PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Nguyen, AT (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Budker, Dmitry/F-7580-2016 OI Budker, Dmitry/0000-0002-7356-4814 NR 19 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 3453 EP 3463 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.56.3453 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA YF529 UT WOS:A1997YF52900023 ER PT J AU Cohen, JS AF Cohen, JS TI Molecular effects on antiproton capture by H-2 and the states of (p)over-bar-p formed SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO CALCULATION; STOPPING POWER; NEGATIVE MUONS; COLLISIONS; HYDROGEN; ATOMS; HELIUM; ANNIHILATION; IONIZATION; LIQUID AB Complete five-body dynamical calculations of antiproton ((p) over bar) capture by the hydrogen molecule (H-2) have a been carried out using a generalization of the Kirschbaum-Wilets method (belonging to a class of quasiclassical methods sometimes called fermion molecular dynamics). The differences between capture by H-2 and the H atom are found to be dramatic. The effects due to the two-center structure, rotational motions, and vibrational motions are distinguished. Of particular importance, the vibrational degree of freedom enables the molecule to capture antiprotons having lab energies above 100 eV, whereas atomic capture cuts off sharply above the ionization threshold of 27 eV (in the lab system). Antiproton capture by the atom is calculated by the same method as well as by the classical-trajectory Monte Carlo method, which is applicable only to the atom. The initial quantum numbers (assigned quasiclassically) of the <(pp)over bar> formed are found to be shifted to significantly smaller values for the molecular target; the n distribution is also narrower for the molecular target as compared with the atomic target. [S1050-2947(97)05011-7]. RP LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV THEORET, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 36 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 3583 EP 3596 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.56.3583 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA YF529 UT WOS:A1997YF52900036 ER PT J AU JimenezMier, J Schaphorst, SJ Caldwell, CD Krause, MO AF JimenezMier, J Schaphorst, SJ Caldwell, CD Krause, MO TI High-resolution photoelectron spectrometry of autoionizing resonances between the P-3 and D-1 thresholds in atomic chlorine SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID PHOTOIONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS; PHOTO-IONIZATION; ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; CL; REGION; BR; XE AB We present a measurement of the partial and differential photoionization cross sections for production of the fine-structure states of Cl+ P-3(J) in the region of the (3)p(41)Dnl (l = 0,2) autoionizing resonances. All series of resonances show distinctive behavior for the J=2 to J=1 cross-section ratio. The angular distribution parameter beta was also measured for the two principal ionic states (J = 1,2). The behavior of beta is very similar for both J=1,2 channels, except at the LS-forbidden nd(2)S resonance series, where the J=2 channel shows a pronounced dip that indicates an important contribution from the parity-unfavored epsilon d photoelectron waves. The widths of the 4d(2)S, 6s(2)D, and 7s(2)D resonances were measured and the results are compared with available theoretical calculations. [S1050-2947(97)08010-4]. C1 UNIV CENT FLORIDA,DEPT PHYS,ORLANDO,FL 32816. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP JimenezMier, J (reprint author), NATL AUTONOMOUS UNIV MEXICO,INST CIENCIAS NUCL,APARTADO POSTAL 70-543,MEXICO CITY 04510,DF,MEXICO. RI Jimenez-Mier, Jose/A-5081-2009 OI Jimenez-Mier, Jose/0000-0002-5939-9568 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 3659 EP 3665 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.56.3659 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA YF529 UT WOS:A1997YF52900044 ER PT J AU Vane, CR Datz, S Deveney, EF Dittner, PF Krause, HF Schuch, R Gao, H Hutton, R AF Vane, CR Datz, S Deveney, EF Dittner, PF Krause, HF Schuch, R Gao, H Hutton, R TI Measurements of positrons from pair production in Coulomb collisions of 33-TeV lead ions with fixed targets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-IONS; 6.4-TEV SULFUR IONS; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; ELECTRON-CAPTURE; CROSS-SECTION; ENERGY; DEPENDENCE AB Free positrons from electron-positron pairs produced by 33-TeV Pb82+ ions in Coulomb collisions with targets of carbon [(CH)(x)], aluminum, palladium, and gold have been measured to determine cross sections and momentum distributions. Upper limits have been established for contributions from multiple pair formation. Comparison with similar data taken for 6.4-TeV S16+ ions shows that cross sections scale as the product of the squares of the projectile and target nuclear charges. Positron momentum distributions for S16+ and Pb82+ ions on all targets are observed to be similar, but indicate a tendency for higher-energy positron emission for the Pb82+ projectiles. [S1050-2947(97)01711-3]. C1 UNIV STOCKHOLM,S-10405 STOCKHOLM 50,SWEDEN. LUND UNIV,DEPT PHYS,S-22362 LUND,SWEDEN. RP Vane, CR (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 3682 EP 3686 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.56.3682 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA YF529 UT WOS:A1997YF52900047 ER PT J AU Schultz, DR Wells, JC Krstic, PS Reinhold, CO AF Schultz, DR Wells, JC Krstic, PS Reinhold, CO TI Lattice Schrodinger-equation approach for excitation and ionization of He+ by antiproton impact SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT HARTREE-FOCK; NUMERICAL-SOLUTION; HYDROGENIC IONS; ATOM COLLISIONS AB Cross sections for excitation to low-lying states and ionization of He+ by antiproton impact are calculated in the energy range 1-500 keV by solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation on a numerical lattice. The results are compared with those of other theoretical approaches. Such comparisons allow a strenuous test of the lattice Schrodinger-equation approach for this fundamental collision system. [S1050-2947(97)04311-4]. C1 HARVARD SMITHSONIAN CTR ASTROPHYS,INST THEORET ATOM & MOL PHYS,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. RP Schultz, DR (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Wells, Jack/D-3675-2016; OI Wells, Jack/0000-0002-5083-3030; Reinhold, Carlos/0000-0003-0100-4962 NR 19 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 3710 EP 3713 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.56.3710 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA YF529 UT WOS:A1997YF52900050 ER PT J AU Wallbank, B Djuric, N Woitke, O Zhou, S Dunn, GH Smith, ACH Bannister, ME AF Wallbank, B Djuric, N Woitke, O Zhou, S Dunn, GH Smith, ACH Bannister, ME TI Absolute cross sections for near-threshold electron-impact excitation of the 3s(2) S-1->3s3p P-1 and 3s(2) S-1->3s3p P-3 transitions in Si2+ SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ION EXCITATION; IONIZATION; SI-2+ AB Absolute total cross sections for electron-impact excitation of the 3s(2) S-1-->3s3p P-3 and 3s(2) S-1-->3s3p P-1 transitions in Si2+ were measured using the merged electron-ion beams energy-loss technique. The results are compared to R-matrix close-coupling theory, which predicts a strong resonance enhancement of the cross section near the threshold for excitation of the P-3 state and this is confirmed by the experiments. The observed disagreement between theory and experiment for the dipole excitation is suggested to be due to resonance interference. [S1050-2947(97)05911-8]. C1 NATL INST STAND & TECHNOL, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UCL, LONDON WC1E 6BT, ENGLAND. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV PHYS, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. ST FRANCIS XAVIER UNIV, DEPT PHYS, ANTIGONISH, NS B2G 2W5, CANADA. RP Wallbank, B (reprint author), UNIV COLORADO, JOINT INST LAB ASTROPHYS, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 3714 EP 3718 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.56.3714 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA YF529 UT WOS:A1997YF52900051 ER PT J AU Benedek, R Thackeray, MM Yang, LH AF Benedek, R Thackeray, MM Yang, LH TI Lithium site preference and electronic structure of Li4V3O8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-BAND STRUCTURE; THEORETICAL APPROACH; TRANSITION; INSERTION; V2O5 AB The atomic configuration in the monoclinic vanadate Li4V3O8 is calculated based on local-density-functional theory, using plane-wave pseudopotential methods. Only three of the four Li sites in this compound per formula unit have been identified from x-ray-diffraction experiments. Our calculations confirm the occupancy of those three sites, as well as predict the location of the fourth. Unlike the more studied vanadate V2O5, L1+xV3O8 does not show a split conduction band. [S0163-1829(97)02142-5]. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CONDENSED MATTER PHYS DIV,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP Benedek, R (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM TECHNOL,IBM SP FACIL,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 17 BP 10707 EP 10710 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.10707 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YD476 UT WOS:A1997YD47600002 ER PT J AU Soderlind, P Eriksson, O AF Soderlind, P Eriksson, O TI Pressure-induced phase transitions in Pa metal from first-principles theory SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXTREME COMPRESSIONS; BRILLOUIN-ZONE; SPECIAL POINTS; SYSTEMS; TH AB Protactinium metal is shown to undergo a phase transition to the alpha-U orthorhombic structure below 1 Mbar pressure. At higher pressures, the bet phase reenters in the phase diagram and at the highest pressures, an ideal hcp structure becomes stable. Hence, Pa undergoes a sequence of transitions; bct-->alpha-U-->bct-->hcp, with the first transition taking place at 0.25 Mbar and the subsequent ones above 1 Mbar. The bct-->alpha-U transition is triggered by the pressure-induced promotion of the spd valence states to 5f states. In this regard, Pa approaches uranium which at ambient conditions has one more 5f electron than Pa at similar conditions. At higher compression of Pa, the 5f band broadens and electrostatic interactions in combination with Born-Mayer repulsion become increasingly important and this drives Pa to gradually more close-packed structures. At ultrahigh pressures, the balance between electrostatic energy, Born-Mayer repulsion, and one-electron band energy stabilizes the hcp (ideal packing) structure. The electrostatic energy and Born-Mayer repulsion rule out open crystal structures under these conditions in Pa and between the close-packed structures, the hcp structure is shown to be stabilized by filling of the 5f band. [S0163-1829(97)05541-0]. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV THEORET, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, CTR MAT SCI, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RP LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, DEPT PHYS, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. RI Eriksson, Olle/E-3265-2014 OI Eriksson, Olle/0000-0001-5111-1374 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 17 BP 10719 EP 10721 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.10719 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YD476 UT WOS:A1997YD47600005 ER PT J AU Hyldgaard, P Mahan, GD AF Hyldgaard, P Mahan, GD TI Phonon superlattice transport SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THERMOELECTRIC FIGURE; SI/GE SUPERLATTICES; RAMAN-SPECTRA; MERIT; SI; GE; TRANSMISSION; SYSTEMS AB We predict in Si/Ge superlattices a dramatic high-temperature suppression of the perpendicular thermal transport. Total internal reflection confines the superlattice modes and significantly reduces the average group velocity at nonzero in-plane momenta. These consequences of the acoustic mismatch cause at high temperatures an order-of-magnitude reduction in the ratio of superlattice thermal conductivity to phonon relaxation time. [S0163-1829(97)07441-9]. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RI Hyldgaard, Per/A-2038-2011 OI Hyldgaard, Per/0000-0001-5810-8119 NR 30 TC 164 Z9 167 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 17 BP 10754 EP 10757 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.10754 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YD476 UT WOS:A1997YD47600015 ER PT J AU Fisher, IR Cooper, JR Canfield, PC AF Fisher, IR Cooper, JR Canfield, PC TI Anisotropic resistivity and normal-state magnetoresistance of RNi2B2C (R = Y, Lu, Er, Ho) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL HONI2B2C; SUPERCONDUCTING LUNI2B2C; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; NI; YNI2B2C; DENSITY AB Results of direct measurements of the in-plane and c-axis resistivity of single crystals of RNi2B2C (R = Y, Lu, Er, Ho) are presented. Despite the layered crystal structure, the resistivity of these materials is shown to be fundamentally isotropic. Small deviations from this isotropic behavior are observed below approximately 150 K for the compounds containing magnetic rare-earth ions (Er and Ho), probably due to crystal-electric-field effects. In addition, it is shown that the in-plane normal-state resistivity of ErNi2B2C and HoNi2B2C follows the same temperature dependence as that of the nonmagnetic materials (YNi2B2C and LuNi2B2C), but with an additional temperature-independent contribution (i.e., the resistivity of the magnetic compounds is shifted upwards by a few mu Omega cm). The observation of a striking negative longitudinal magnetoresistance for HoNi2B2C, which is not observed for LuNi2B2C, indicates that this difference is due to spin-disorder scattering. [S0163-1829(97)00542-0]. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011. RP Fisher, IR (reprint author), UNIV CAMBRIDGE,IRC SUPERCONDUCT,MADINGLEY RD,CAMBRIDGE CB3 0HE,ENGLAND. RI Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 NR 20 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 17 BP 10820 EP 10823 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.10820 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YD476 UT WOS:A1997YD47600032 ER PT J AU Chetty, N Weinert, M AF Chetty, N Weinert, M TI Stacking faults in magnesium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL CALCULATIONS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; ENERGIES; ALUMINUM; MODEL; METALS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; ALLOYS; TWIN; AL AB The energetics of various low-energy intrinsic, extrinsic, and twinlike stacking fault configurations in hexagonal-close-packed magnesium are determined from first-principles calculations. To zeroth-order, the ordering of the energies can be understood in terms of the number of fcc-like planes in the sequence of close-packed planes. However, such a simple model fails to quantitatively reproduce the calculated energies of the faults. We propose a model based on a local bond orientation scheme which reproduces the calculated results and is able to accurately predict the energies of arbitrary stacking sequences. This model has only two independent parameters, the energy of the intrinsic I-1 stacking fault and the energy difference between hcp and fee Mg. Both energy and entropy considerations suggest that isolated I-1 stacking faults should predominate. [S0163-1829(97)04241-0]. C1 UNIV NATAL, DEPT PHYS, ZA-3209 SCOTTSVILLE, SOUTH AFRICA. RP BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT PHYS, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NR 37 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 17 BP 10844 EP 10851 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.10844 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YD476 UT WOS:A1997YD47600038 ER PT J AU Tsunoda, Y Hiruma, N Robertson, JL Cable, JW AF Tsunoda, Y Hiruma, N Robertson, JL Cable, JW TI Spin-density-wave clusters in PdMn spin-glass alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SHORT-RANGE ORDER; MN ALLOYS; CU-MN AB PdMn disordered alloys with concentrations above 5 at. % Mn display characteristic properties of spin glasses. We report here neutron-diffraction data for Pd90Mn10 and Pd80Mn20 single crystals. Satellite diffuse peaks were observed for both specimens at the (1 +/- delta 0 0) positions (delta = 0.37 for Pd90Mn10 and delta = 0.16 for Pd80Mn20) accompanied with the atomic-short-range-order peak at (1 0 0). These satellites disappear at temperatures far above the freezing temperature T-F. The origin of the spin-glass-like behavior in PdMn alloys can be ascribed to the dynamics of the fluctuating spin-density-wave clusters just as observed in CuMn alloys. Various properties observed here are compared with those of CuMn alloys. [S0163-1829(97)03342-0]. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Tsunoda, Y (reprint author), WASEDA UNIV,SCH SCI & ENGN,DEPT APPL PHYS,SHINJUKU KU,3-4-1 OKUBO,TOKYO 169,JAPAN. NR 18 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 17 BP 11051 EP 11055 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.11051 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YD476 UT WOS:A1997YD47600060 ER PT J AU Koshelev, AE AF Koshelev, AE TI Point-like and line-like melting of the vortex lattice in the universal phase diagram of layered superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTOR; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; FLUX-LATTICE; MONTE-CARLO; THERMAL FLUCTUATIONS; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; PLASMA RESONANCE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; TRANSITION; MODEL AB The phase diagram of layered superconductors in the vortex state s studied by Monte Carlo simulations of the three-dimensional uniformly frustrated XY model with different anisotropy parameters. In the London regime the phase diagram of layered superconductors is shown to be universal if plotted in scaled temperature and field with the field scale being the two-dimensional (2D)-three-dimensional (3D) crossover field B-cr. We find a very broad crossover region between quasi-two-dimensional and line-like melting regimes ranging from similar to B-cr to similar to 10 B-cr. The region is characterized by several distinct features: (i) the melting of the lattice occurs when the Josephson energy is suppressed to 64% of its bare value; (ii) the latent heat at the transition does not change much with the anisotropy parameter; (iii) the jump of the Josephson energy at the transition is equal to the jump of the in-plane energy. The entropy jump reaches a maximum value of 0.45 k(B)/vortex/layer at a field similar to 10 B-cr and decreases with decreasing field due to an increase in the transition temperature. This behavior is found to be in a good agreement with experimental observations after the renormalization due to the temperature dependence of superconducting parameters is taken into account. The pancake alignment above the transition increases with increasing of the Josephson coupling. At high fields the melting is accompanied by a significant drop in the coupling energy and the destruction of vortex lines, while at small fields the vortex lines preserve at the transition. In the studied region of parameters we find that the line liquid does not have superconductivity along the direction of magnetic field in the thermodynamic limit. RP Koshelev, AE (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Koshelev, Alexei/K-3971-2013 OI Koshelev, Alexei/0000-0002-1167-5906 NR 65 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 17 BP 11201 EP 11212 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.11201 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YD476 UT WOS:A1997YD47600078 ER PT J AU Uspenskii, YA Antropov, VP Harmon, BN AF Uspenskii, YA Antropov, VP Harmon, BN TI 90 degrees magneto-optical Kerr rotation: Criteria of existence and features SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CESB AB An analysis is made of the general properties required for a magnetic material to exhibit 90 degrees polar Kerr rotation. The approach is phenomenological invoking general properties of the dielectric tensor relating to the energy absorption. It is shown that the effect exists only if the absorptive part of the dielectric tensor is equal to zero. We identify ranges of Re epsilon(xx)(omega) and Im epsilon(xx)(omega) where 90 degrees rotation is realized, and study the Kerr ellipticity, the reflectivity, and the magneto-optical signal in these regions. [S0163-1829(97)51542-6]. C1 RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,PN LEBEDEV PHYS INST,TAMM THEORY DEPT,MOSCOW 117924,RUSSIA. RP Uspenskii, YA (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50010, USA. RI Uspenskii, Yurii/L-6205-2015 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 18 BP 11396 EP 11398 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YF528 UT WOS:A1997YF52800012 ER PT J AU Kulic, ML Buzdin, AI Bulaevskii, LN AF Kulic, ML Buzdin, AI Bulaevskii, LN TI Theory of interplay of nuclear magnetism and superconductivity in AuIn2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURES; NANOKELVIN; RHODIUM AB The recently reported [S. Rehmann, T. Herrmannsdorfer, and F. Pobel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1122 (1997)] coexistence of a nuclear magnetic other, with the critical temperature T-M = 35 mu K, and superconductivity, with the critical temperature T-S = 207 mK, in AuIn, is studied theoretically. It is shown that superconducting (S) electrons and localized nuclear magnetic moments interact predominantly via the contact hyperfine interaction, giving rise to a spiral or domainlike magnetic order in the superconducting phase depending on the strength of magnetic anisotropy. In clean samples (l > xi(0)) of AuIn2 the oscillatory magnetic order should produce a line of nodes in the quasiparticle spectrum of S electrons. The critical field H-c(T=0) in the coexistence phase is reduced by a factor of 2 with respect to its bare value. [S0163-1829(97)50842-3]. C1 UNIV BORDEAUX 1,CTR PHYS THEOR & MODELISAT,CNRS,URA 1537,GRADIGNAN,FRANCE. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Kulic, ML (reprint author), MAX PLANCK INST FESTKORPERFORSCH,HEISENBERGSTR 1,D-70569 STUTTGART,GERMANY. RI Buzdin, Alexander/I-6038-2013 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 18 BP 11415 EP 11418 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YF528 UT WOS:A1997YF52800017 ER PT J AU Shung, E Rosenbaum, TF Coppersmith, SN Crabtree, GW Kwok, W AF Shung, E Rosenbaum, TF Coppersmith, SN Crabtree, GW Kwok, W TI Vortex telegraph noise in high magnetic fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; BOSE GLASS SUPERCONDUCTOR; LOCALIZATION; RELAXATION; DISORDER; QUANTUM AB We cool untwinned single crystals of YBa2Cu3O7-delta with columnar defects down to liquid-He temperatures and study the development of pinning in the strongly interacting Bose glass with local Hall-probe magnetometry. We are able to resolve discrete fluctuations in the local vortex density resulting from reconfigurations of the vortex assembly between metastable states nearby in energy. By varying the applied magnetic field, and therefore the mean vortex density, we gain microscopic information about vortex-vortex interactions. [S0163-1829(97)52142-4]. C1 UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT PHYS,CHICAGO,IL 60637. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Shung, E (reprint author), UNIV CHICAGO,JAMES FRANCK INST,5640 S ELLIS AVE,CHICAGO,IL 60637, USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 18 BP 11431 EP 11434 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YF528 UT WOS:A1997YF52800021 ER PT J AU Brewe, D Pease, DM Budnick, JI Law, CC AF Brewe, D Pease, DM Budnick, JI Law, CC TI Temperature-dependent vibrational properties of NiAl, CoAl, and FeAl beta-phase alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DEBYE-WALLER FACTORS; BEHAVIOR; BULK AB Temperature-dependent vibrational properties of beta-phase NiAl, CoAl, and FeAl alloys have been studied by the extended x-ray-absorption-edge fine-structure (EXAFS) technique. From the K-edge EXAFS of the transition-metal element, the temperature dependence of the mean-squared relative displacements has been obtained, where these relative displacements are between the absorbing atom and the first, second, or third coordination shell. For NiAl, excellent agreement is obtained with calculations we have carried out, which are based on input from neutron-scattering data obtained by others. We find that the changes with temperature of the mean-squared relative displacements of corresponding atomic pairs are similar for NiAl and FeAl, but CoAl is significantly different from the other two alloys in this regard. In particular, the temperature dependence of the second-and third-neighbor Go-Co mean-squared relative displacement in CoAl is significantly less than the temperature dependence of the corresponding Ni-Ni and Fe-Fe mean-squared relative displacements in NiAl and FeAl, respectively. [S0163-1829(97)03138-X]. C1 UNIV CONNECTICUT,DEPT PHYS,U46,STORRS,CT 06269. PRATT & WHITNEY,UNITED TECHNOL CO,E HARTFORD,CT 06128. RP Brewe, D (reprint author), BATTELLE NW LABS,MAIL STOP P-8-12,POST OFF BOX 999,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 18 BP 11449 EP 11455 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.11449 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YF528 UT WOS:A1997YF52800025 ER PT J AU Berman, GP Bulgakov, EN Campbell, DK Gubernatis, JE Sadreev, AF Wang, XD AF Berman, GP Bulgakov, EN Campbell, DK Gubernatis, JE Sadreev, AF Wang, XD TI Phase transition in the one-dimensional quantum discrete phi(4)-phi(2) model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FRENKEL-KONTOROVA MODEL; FIELD-THEORY; GROUND-STATE; FLUCTUATIONS AB We consider the ground-state phase transition from broken to restored phases of the one-dimensional quantum discrete phi(4)-phi(2) model as a function of two parameters: the strength of the quantum fluctuations (measured by a dimensionless Planck constant (h) over bar), and the classical dimensionless coupling parameter gamma, which characterizes the strength of interaction of the neighboring atoms. We introduce several distinct variational methods based on self-consistent phonons and soliton wave functions, and compare their predictions for the phase diagram with the (numerically exact) results of previous quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Our calculations show that in the region of weak coupling (gamma<1), both the ''tunneling soliton'' and the ''two-level'' approaches provide good approximations to the true result. In the intermediate coupling region (gamma(c) > gamma > 1), the method of self-consistent phonons gives a satisfactory description of phase transition. We also compare and contrast our results with previously published approximate methods, and discuss problems for further investigation. [S0163-1829(97)06242-5]. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR NONLINEAR STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. LV KIRENSKII INST PHYS,KRASNOYARSK 660036,RUSSIA. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT PHYS,URBANA,IL 61801. RP Berman, GP (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 18 BP 11518 EP 11530 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.11518 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YF528 UT WOS:A1997YF52800034 ER PT J AU Nipko, JC Loong, CK Loewenhaupt, M Braden, M Reichardt, W Boatner, LA AF Nipko, JC Loong, CK Loewenhaupt, M Braden, M Reichardt, W Boatner, LA TI Lattice dynamics of xenotime: The phonon dispersion relations and density of states of LuPO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ORTHO-PHOSPHATES; YBPO4 AB LuPO4 is the nonmagnetic end member of a series of rare-earth phosphates with a common zircon-type crystal structure. The phonon-dispersion curves of LuPO4 along the [x,0,0], [x,x,0], and [0,0,x] symmetry directions were measured by neutron triple-axis spectroscopy using single-crystal samples. The phonon density of states was determined by time-of-flight neutron scattering using polycrystalline samples. Phonons involving mainly motions of rare-earth ions were found to be well separated in energy from those of the P and O vibrations. A large gap in the phonon-frequency-distribution function, which divides the O-P-O bending-type motions from the P-O stretches, was observed. All of the experimental results were satisfactorily accounted for by lattice-dynamic shell-model calculations. LuPO4 is a host material for the incorporation of rare-earth ions to produce activated luminescence. Information regarding the phonon and thermodynamic properties of LuPO4 is pertinent to extended investigations of additional rare-earth spin-lattice interactions in other zircon-structure rare-earth orthophosphates. [S0163-1829(97)06741-6]. C1 TECH UNIV DRESDEN, D-8027 DRESDEN, GERMANY. FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM KARLSRUHE, INFP, D-76021 KARLSRUHE, GERMANY. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP ARGONNE NATL LAB, 9700 S CASS AVE, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 18 BP 11584 EP 11592 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.11584 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YF528 UT WOS:A1997YF52800042 ER PT J AU Blanco, JA Nicklow, RM Schmitt, D AF Blanco, JA Nicklow, RM Schmitt, D TI Paramagnetic excitations in singlet ground state PrNi2Si2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPIC ISING-MODEL; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; RARE-EARTH; PHASES; ERBIUM AB The dispersion curves for magnetic excitations along the principal directions of the Brillouin zone of the singlet ground state compound PrNi2Si2 have been measured at 30 K by inelastic neutron-scattering experiments in the paramagnetic phase. From these data we have extracted information about the main exchange interaction coupling parameters J(ij) that are responsible for the appearance of an amplitude modulated magnetic order in this compound below T-N=20 K. The results are consistent with the long-range character of Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interactions because in order to describe the dispersion curves observed at 30 K it is necessary to consider the influence of the interaction to the eighth nearest-neighbor Pr3+ ion along the c direction. In addition, we have studied the thermal dependence of the excitations at several representative points in the Brillouin zone that show an important softening as the temperature is lowered to T-N. [S0163-1829(97)03042-7]. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV SOLID STATE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. CNRS,LAB LOUIS NEEL,F-38042 GRENOBLE,FRANCE. RP Blanco, JA (reprint author), UNIV OVIEDO,DEPT FIS,E-33007 OVIEDO,SPAIN. RI Blanco, Jesus/L-6508-2014 OI Blanco, Jesus/0000-0002-8054-1442 NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 18 BP 11666 EP 11672 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.11666 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YF528 UT WOS:A1997YF52800053 ER PT J AU Lussier, JG Mao, M Schroder, A Garrett, JD Gaulin, BD Shapiro, SM Buyers, WJL AF Lussier, JG Mao, M Schroder, A Garrett, JD Gaulin, BD Shapiro, SM Buyers, WJL TI Neutron-scattering study of incommensurate magnetic order in the heavy-fermion superconductor UNi2Al3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RANGE ANTIFERROMAGNETIC ORDER; SYSTEM URU2SI2; UPT3; FLUCTUATIONS; TRANSITIONS; EXCITATIONS; PRESSURE; UPD2AL3; PHASES; FIELD AB Elastic neutron scattering from a single-crystal sample of the heavy-fermion superconductor UNi2Al3 has revealed the onset of long-range magnetic order below T-N=4.6 K. This order is characterized by an incommensurate (IC) ordering wave vector given by (1/2+/-tau, 0, 1/2) with tau=0.11+/-0.003. The intensity of several magnetic satellite Bragg peaks within the (h,0,l) plane is well described by a model in which the spins lie within the basal plane and are modulated in amplitude from site to site. By applying a magnetic field to select from all the possible domains, we find that the moment is polarized along the a direction, with a maximum amplitude of 0.21+/-0.1 mu(B) per uranium atom. The order-parameter exponent beta associated with this transition is 0.34+/-.03, which is typical of three-dimensional ordering transitions. Measurements down to similar to 0.3 K show that the magnetic order coexists with superconductivity below T-C similar to 1.2 K, and that these states are coupled as shown by anomalous behavior of the magnetic order parameter around T-C. Measurements were also made in magnetic fields of up to 8 T applied perpendicular to the (h,0,l) plane, along (-1,1,0), a near-neighbor direction within the hexagonal basal plane. While the field does not influence T-N, it does increase the intensity of the magnetic Bragg peaks by a factor of similar to 1.5, as well as increase the IC part of the ordering wave vector at low temperatures. [S0163-1829(97)01441-0]. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973. AECL RES,CHALK RIVER LABS,NATL RES COUNCIL,NEUTRON PROGRAM MAT RES,CHALK RIVER,ON K0J 1J0,CANADA. RP Lussier, JG (reprint author), MCMASTER UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,HAMILTON,ON L8S 4M1,CANADA. RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 18 BP 11749 EP 11760 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.11749 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YF528 UT WOS:A1997YF52800062 ER PT J AU MacLaren, JM Zhang, XG Butler, WH AF MacLaren, JM Zhang, XG Butler, WH TI Validity of the Julliere model of spin-dependent tunneling SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; JUNCTIONS; FILMS AB We consider spin-dependent tunneling between two ferromagnets separated by a simple step barrier, and examine four models for the magnetoconductance ratio Delta G/G: A model due to Julliere which characterizes the magnetoconductance solely in terms of the tunneling spin polarization, a model due to Slonczewski which provides an approximate expression for the magnetoconductance of free electrons tunneling through a barrier, the exact expression for the magnetoconductance of free electrons tunneling through a barrier, and the numerical calculation of the magnetoconductance of band electrons in iron tunneling through a barrier. We find that the Julliere model does not accurately describe the magnetoconductance of free electrons tunneling through a barrier. Although Slonczewski's model provides a good approximation to the exact expression for free electrons in the limit of thick barriers, we find that the tunneling of band electrons shows features that are not described well by any free electron picture and which reflect the details of the band structure of iron at the Fermi energy. [S0163-1829(97)05641-5]. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,COMPUTAT PHYS & ENGN DIV,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP MacLaren, JM (reprint author), TULANE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118, USA. NR 14 TC 116 Z9 117 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0163-1829 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 18 BP 11827 EP 11832 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.11827 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YF528 UT WOS:A1997YF52800071 ER PT J AU Mahan, GD AF Mahan, GD TI Seebeck coefficient for the Anderson model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DILUTE MAGNETIC-ALLOYS; LARGE-N EXPANSION; TRANSPORT-COEFFICIENTS; CE3+ IMPURITIES; FINITE-U AB The single-site Anderson model with degeneracy N-f is solved for the case in which the lowest eigenstate contains L electrons in the f orbital, where 0 9((+)) 980.7 keV and (13(+)) --> 11((+)) 1342.7 keV transitions using the Doppler-shift attenuation method determined that both are enhanced E2 transitions. This measurement indicates the onset of deformation with increasing spin in As-70, as has been seen in neighboring nuclei. C1 FLORIDA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. OAK RIDGE ASSOCIATED UNIV,ORISE,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Bermudez, GG (reprint author), COMIS NACL ENERGIA ATOM,DEPT FIS,RA-1429 BUENOS AIRES,DF,ARGENTINA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 2869 EP 2872 PG 4 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA YH009 UT WOS:A1997YH00900058 ER PT J AU Bhattacharyya, P Zhang, CT Fornal, B Daly, PJ Grabowski, ZW Ahmad, I Lauritsen, T Morss, LR Phillips, WR Durell, JL Leddy, MJ Smith, AG Urban, W Varley, BJ Schulz, N Lubkiewicz, E Bentaleb, M Blomqvist, J AF Bhattacharyya, P Zhang, CT Fornal, B Daly, PJ Grabowski, ZW Ahmad, I Lauritsen, T Morss, LR Phillips, WR Durell, JL Leddy, MJ Smith, AG Urban, W Varley, BJ Schulz, N Lubkiewicz, E Bentaleb, M Blomqvist, J TI Yrast states of neutron-rich N=83 nuclei from fission product gamma-ray studies SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID SN-132; DECAY AB Prompt gamma-ray cascades in N=83 fission product nuclei near Sn-132 have been studied at Eurogam II using a Cm-248 source. Cross coincidences observed between gamma rays from complementary light and heavy fission fragments were vital for isotopic assignments. Yrast states in the N=83 isotones Sb-134, Te-135, and I-136, reported. The interpretation of the level schemes is based mainly on results of shell model calculations using empirical proton-proton interaction energies from Te-134, and proton-neutron interactions estimated from the well-known Bi-210 level spectrum. C1 PURDUE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV MANCHESTER,DEPT PHYS,MANCHESTER M13 9PL,LANCS,ENGLAND. UNIV MANCHESTER,DEPT ASTRON,MANCHESTER M13 9PL,LANCS,ENGLAND. UNIV STRASBOURG 1,INST RECH SUBATOM,F-67037 STRASBOURG,FRANCE. ROYAL INST TECHNOL,DEPT PHYS FRESCATI,S-10405 STOCKHOLM,SWEDEN. RP Bhattacharyya, P (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP R2363 EP R2367 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA YH009 UT WOS:A1997YH00900004 ER PT J AU Abe, K Abe, K Akagi, T Allen, NJ Ash, WW Aston, D Baird, KG Baltay, C Band, HR Barakat, MB Baranko, G Bardon, O Barklow, TL Bashindzhagyan, GL Bazarko, AO BenDavid, R Benvenuti, AC Bilei, GM Bisello, D Blaylock, G Bogart, JR Bolen, B Bolton, T Bower, GR Brau, JE Breidenbach, M Bugg, WM Burke, D Burnett, TH Burrows, PN Busza, W Calcaterra, A Caldwell, DO Calloway, D Camanzi, B Carpinelli, M Cassell, R Castaldi, R Castro, A CavalliSforza, M Chou, A Church, E Cohn, HO Coller, JA Cook, V Cotton, R Cowan, RF Coyne, DG Crawford, G DOliveira, A Damerell, CJS Daoudi, M deGroot, N DeSangro, R DellOrso, R Dervan, PJ Dima, M Dong, DN Du, PYC Dubois, R Einsenstein, BI Elia, R Etzion, E Fahey, S Falciai, D Fan, C Fernandez, JP Fero, MJ Frey, R Gillman, T Gladding, G Gonzalez, S Hart, EL Harton, JL Hasan, A Hasegawa, Y Hasuko, K Hedges, SJ Hertzbach, SS Hildreth, MD Huber, J Huffer, ME Hughes, EW Hwang, H Iwasaki, Y Jackson, DJ Jacques, P Jaros, JA Jiang, ZY Johnson, AS Johnson, JR Johnson, RA Junk, T Kajikawa, R Kalelkar, M Kang, HJ Karliner, I Kawahara, H Kendall, HW Kim, YD King, ME King, R Kofler, RR Krishna, NM Kroeger, RS Labs, JF Langston, M Lath, A Lauber, JA Leith, DWGS Lia, V Liu, MX Liu, X Loreti, M Lu, A Lynch, HL Ma, J Mancinelli, G Manly, S Mantovani, G Markiewicz, TW Maruyama, T Masuda, H Mazzucato, E McKemey, AK Meadows, BT Messner, R Mockett, PM Moffeit, KC Moore, TB Muller, D Nagamine, T Narita, S Nauenberg, U Neal, H Nussbaum, M Ohnishi, Y Oishi, N Onoprienko, D Osborne, LS Panvini, RS Park, CH Park, H Pavel, TJ Peruzzi, I Piccolo, M Piemontese, L Pieroni, E Pitts, KT Plano, RJ Prepost, R Prescott, CY Punkar, GD Quigley, J Ratcliff, BN Reeves, TW Reidy, J Reinertsen, PL Rensing, PE Rochester, LS Rowson, PC Russell, JJ Saxton, OH Schalk, T Schindler, RH Schumm, BA Schwiening, J Sen, S Serbo, VV Shaevitz, MH Shank, JT Shapiro, G Sherden, DJ Shmakov, KD Simopoulos, C Sinev, NB Smith, SR Smy, MB Snyder, JA Staengle, H Stamer, P Steiner, H Steiner, R Strauss, MG Su, D Suekane, F Sugiyama, A Suzuki, S Swartz, M Szumilo, A Takahashi, T Taylor, FE Torrence, E Trandafir, AI Turk, JD Usher, T Vavra, J Vannini, C Vella, E Venuti, JP Verdier, R Verdini, PG Vagner, DL Wagner, SR Waite, AP Watts, SJ Weidemann, AW Weiss, ER Whitaker, JS White, SL Wickens, FJ Williams, DC Williams, SH Willocq, S Wilson, RJ Wisniewski, WJ Woods, M Word, GB Wyss, J Yamamoto, RK Yamartino, JM Yang, X Yashima, J Yellin, SJ Young, CC Yuta, H Zapalac, G Zdarko, RW Zhou, J AF Abe, K Abe, K Akagi, T Allen, NJ Ash, WW Aston, D Baird, KG Baltay, C Band, HR Barakat, MB Baranko, G Bardon, O Barklow, TL Bashindzhagyan, GL Bazarko, AO BenDavid, R Benvenuti, AC Bilei, GM Bisello, D Blaylock, G Bogart, JR Bolen, B Bolton, T Bower, GR Brau, JE Breidenbach, M Bugg, WM Burke, D Burnett, TH Burrows, PN Busza, W Calcaterra, A Caldwell, DO Calloway, D Camanzi, B Carpinelli, M Cassell, R Castaldi, R Castro, A CavalliSforza, M Chou, A Church, E Cohn, HO Coller, JA Cook, V Cotton, R Cowan, RF Coyne, DG Crawford, G DOliveira, A Damerell, CJS Daoudi, M deGroot, N DeSangro, R DellOrso, R Dervan, PJ Dima, M Dong, DN Du, PYC Dubois, R Einsenstein, BI Elia, R Etzion, E Fahey, S Falciai, D Fan, C Fernandez, JP Fero, MJ Frey, R Gillman, T Gladding, G Gonzalez, S Hart, EL Harton, JL Hasan, A Hasegawa, Y Hasuko, K Hedges, SJ Hertzbach, SS Hildreth, MD Huber, J Huffer, ME Hughes, EW Hwang, H Iwasaki, Y Jackson, DJ Jacques, P Jaros, JA Jiang, ZY Johnson, AS Johnson, JR Johnson, RA Junk, T Kajikawa, R Kalelkar, M Kang, HJ Karliner, I Kawahara, H Kendall, HW Kim, YD King, ME King, R Kofler, RR Krishna, NM Kroeger, RS Labs, JF Langston, M Lath, A Lauber, JA Leith, DWGS Lia, V Liu, MX Liu, X Loreti, M Lu, A Lynch, HL Ma, J Mancinelli, G Manly, S Mantovani, G Markiewicz, TW Maruyama, T Masuda, H Mazzucato, E McKemey, AK Meadows, BT Messner, R Mockett, PM Moffeit, KC Moore, TB Muller, D Nagamine, T Narita, S Nauenberg, U Neal, H Nussbaum, M Ohnishi, Y Oishi, N Onoprienko, D Osborne, LS Panvini, RS Park, CH Park, H Pavel, TJ Peruzzi, I Piccolo, M Piemontese, L Pieroni, E Pitts, KT Plano, RJ Prepost, R Prescott, CY Punkar, GD Quigley, J Ratcliff, BN Reeves, TW Reidy, J Reinertsen, PL Rensing, PE Rochester, LS Rowson, PC Russell, JJ Saxton, OH Schalk, T Schindler, RH Schumm, BA Schwiening, J Sen, S Serbo, VV Shaevitz, MH Shank, JT Shapiro, G Sherden, DJ Shmakov, KD Simopoulos, C Sinev, NB Smith, SR Smy, MB Snyder, JA Staengle, H Stamer, P Steiner, H Steiner, R Strauss, MG Su, D Suekane, F Sugiyama, A Suzuki, S Swartz, M Szumilo, A Takahashi, T Taylor, FE Torrence, E Trandafir, AI Turk, JD Usher, T Vavra, J Vannini, C Vella, E Venuti, JP Verdier, R Verdini, PG Vagner, DL Wagner, SR Waite, AP Watts, SJ Weidemann, AW Weiss, ER Whitaker, JS White, SL Wickens, FJ Williams, DC Williams, SH Willocq, S Wilson, RJ Wisniewski, WJ Woods, M Word, GB Wyss, J Yamamoto, RK Yamartino, JM Yang, X Yashima, J Yellin, SJ Young, CC Yuta, H Zapalac, G Zdarko, RW Zhou, J TI Measurement of the B hadron energy distribution in Z(0) decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-QUARK FRAGMENTATION; FORWARD-BACKWARD ASYMMETRY; E+E ANNIHILATION; QCD; PARAMETERS; RESONANCE; MESONS; SLD; DETECTOR; SPECTRA AB We have measured the B hadron energy distribution in Z(0) decays using a sample of semileptonic B decays recorded in the SLD experiment at SLAG. The energy of each tagged B hadron was reconstructed using information from the lepton and a partially reconstructed charm-decay vertex. We compared the scaled energy distribution with several models of heavy quark fragmentation. The average scaled energy of primary B hadrons was found to be (x(EB))=0.716+/-0.011(stat)(-0.022)(+0.021)(syst). C1 ADELPHI UNIV,GARDEN CITY,NY 11530. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-40126 BOLOGNA,ITALY. BOSTON UNIV,BOSTON,MA 02215. BRUNEL UNIV,UXBRIDGE UB8 3PH,MIDDX,ENGLAND. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. UNIV CINCINNATI,CINCINNATI,OH 45221. COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. COLUMBIA UNIV,NEW YORK,NY 10027. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-44100 FERRARA,ITALY. UNIV FERRARA,I-44100 FERRARA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,NAZL FRASCATI LAB,I-00044 FRASCATI,ITALY. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,EO LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01003. UNIV MISSISSIPPI,UNIVERSITY,MS 38677. MOSCOW MV LOMONOSOV STATE UNIV,INST NUCL PHYS,MOSCOW 119899,RUSSIA. NAGOYA UNIV,CHIKUSA KU,NAGOYA,AICHI 464,JAPAN. UNIV OREGON,EUGENE,OR 97403. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-35100 PADUA,ITALY. UNIV PADUA,I-35100 PADUA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. UNIV PERUGIA,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. UNIV PISA,I-56100 PISA,ITALY. RUTGERS STATE UNIV,PISCATAWAY,NJ 08855. RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB,DIDCOT OX11 0QX,OXON,ENGLAND. SOGANG UNIV,SEOUL,SOUTH KOREA. SOONGSIL UNIV,SEOUL 156743,SOUTH KOREA. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WISCONSIN,MADISON,WI 53706. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. UNIV GENOA,GENOA,ITALY. UNIV PERUGIA,I-06100 PERUGIA,ITALY. RP Abe, K (reprint author), NAGOYA UNIV,CHIKUSA KU,NAGOYA,AICHI 464,JAPAN. RI de Groot, Nicolo/A-2675-2009; de Sangro, Riccardo/J-2901-2012; Cavalli-Sforza, Matteo/H-7102-2015; Frey, Raymond/E-2830-2016; Calcaterra, Alessandro/P-5260-2015; OI de Sangro, Riccardo/0000-0002-3808-5455; Frey, Raymond/0000-0003-0341-2636; Calcaterra, Alessandro/0000-0003-2670-4826; pieroni, enrico/0000-0002-4246-6963; Carpinelli, Massimo/0000-0002-8205-930X; Wyss, Jeffery/0000-0002-8277-4012; Wilson, Robert/0000-0002-8184-4103 NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 9 BP 5310 EP 5319 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.5310 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YF044 UT WOS:A1997YF04400004 ER PT J AU Alexander, JP Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Bloom, K Cassel, DG Cho, HA Coffman, DM Crowcroft, DS Dickson, M Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Elia, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Galik, RS Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Kandaswamy, J Kim, PC Kreinick, DL Lee, T Liu, Y Ludwig, GS Masui, J Mevissen, J Mistry, NB Ng, CR Nordberg, E Ogg, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Soffer, A ValantSpaight, B Ward, C Athanas, M Avery, P Jones, CD Lohner, M Prescott, C Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Briere, RA Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Yamamato, H Browder, TE Li, F Li, Y Rodriguez, JL Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Palmer, M Selen, M Thaler, JJ Edwards, KW Bellerive, A Janicek, R MacFarlane, DB McLean, KW Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Baringer, P Bean, A Besson, D Coppage, D Darling, C Davis, R Hancock, N Kotov, S Kravchenko, I Kwak, N Anderson, S Kubota, Y Lattery, M Lee, SJ ONeill, JJ Patton, S Poling, R Riehle, T Savinov, V Smith, A Alam, MS Athar, SB Ling, Z Mahmood, AH Severini, H Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Blinov, S Duboscq, JE Fisher, KD Fujino, D Gan, KK Hart, T Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Lee, J Spencer, MB Sung, M Undrus, A Wanke, R Wolf, A Zoeller, MM Nemati, B Richichi, SJ Ross, WR Skubic, P Wood, M Bishai, M Fast, J Gerndt, E Hinson, JW Menon, N Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Yurko, M Gibbons, L Glenn, S Johnson, SD Kwon, Y Roberts, S Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Lingel, K Marsiske, H Perl, ML Ugolini, D Wang, R Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Korolkov, I Maravin, Y Narsky, I Shelkov, V Staeck, J Stroynowski, R Volobouev, I Ye, J Artuso, M Efimov, A Frasconi, F Gao, M Goldberg, M He, D Kopp, S Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Viehhauser, G Xing, X Bartelt, J Csorna, SE Jain, V Marka, S Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Pomianowski, P Schrenk, S Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Greene, R Perera, LP Zhou, GJ Barish, B Chadha, M Chan, S Eigen, G Miller, JS OGrady, C Schmidtler, M Urheim, J Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Asner, DM Bliss, DW Brewer, WS Masek, G Paar, HP Prell, S Sharma, V Gronberg, J Hill, TS Kutschke, R Lange, DJ Menary, S Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Nelson, TK Qiao, C Richman, JD Roberts, D Ryd, A Witherell, MS Balest, R Behrens, BH Cho, K Ford, WT Park, H Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG AF Alexander, JP Bebek, C Berger, BE Berkelman, K Bloom, K Cassel, DG Cho, HA Coffman, DM Crowcroft, DS Dickson, M Drell, PS Ecklund, KM Ehrlich, R Elia, R Foland, AD Gaidarev, P Galik, RS Gittelman, B Gray, SW Hartill, DL Heltsley, BK Hopman, PI Kandaswamy, J Kim, PC Kreinick, DL Lee, T Liu, Y Ludwig, GS Masui, J Mevissen, J Mistry, NB Ng, CR Nordberg, E Ogg, M Patterson, JR Peterson, D Riley, D Soffer, A ValantSpaight, B Ward, C Athanas, M Avery, P Jones, CD Lohner, M Prescott, C Yelton, J Zheng, J Brandenburg, G Briere, RA Gao, YS Kim, DYJ Wilson, R Yamamato, H Browder, TE Li, F Li, Y Rodriguez, JL Bergfeld, T Eisenstein, BI Ernst, J Gladding, GE Gollin, GD Hans, RM Johnson, E Karliner, I Marsh, MA Palmer, M Selen, M Thaler, JJ Edwards, KW Bellerive, A Janicek, R MacFarlane, DB McLean, KW Patel, PM Sadoff, AJ Ammar, R Baringer, P Bean, A Besson, D Coppage, D Darling, C Davis, R Hancock, N Kotov, S Kravchenko, I Kwak, N Anderson, S Kubota, Y Lattery, M Lee, SJ ONeill, JJ Patton, S Poling, R Riehle, T Savinov, V Smith, A Alam, MS Athar, SB Ling, Z Mahmood, AH Severini, H Timm, S Wappler, F Anastassov, A Blinov, S Duboscq, JE Fisher, KD Fujino, D Gan, KK Hart, T Honscheid, K Kagan, H Kass, R Lee, J Spencer, MB Sung, M Undrus, A Wanke, R Wolf, A Zoeller, MM Nemati, B Richichi, SJ Ross, WR Skubic, P Wood, M Bishai, M Fast, J Gerndt, E Hinson, JW Menon, N Miller, DH Shibata, EI Shipsey, IPJ Yurko, M Gibbons, L Glenn, S Johnson, SD Kwon, Y Roberts, S Thorndike, EH Jessop, CP Lingel, K Marsiske, H Perl, ML Ugolini, D Wang, R Zhou, X Coan, TE Fadeyev, V Korolkov, I Maravin, Y Narsky, I Shelkov, V Staeck, J Stroynowski, R Volobouev, I Ye, J Artuso, M Efimov, A Frasconi, F Gao, M Goldberg, M He, D Kopp, S Moneti, GC Mountain, R Schuh, S Skwarnicki, T Stone, S Viehhauser, G Xing, X Bartelt, J Csorna, SE Jain, V Marka, S Godang, R Kinoshita, K Lai, IC Pomianowski, P Schrenk, S Bonvicini, G Cinabro, D Greene, R Perera, LP Zhou, GJ Barish, B Chadha, M Chan, S Eigen, G Miller, JS OGrady, C Schmidtler, M Urheim, J Weinstein, AJ Wurthwein, F Asner, DM Bliss, DW Brewer, WS Masek, G Paar, HP Prell, S Sharma, V Gronberg, J Hill, TS Kutschke, R Lange, DJ Menary, S Morrison, RJ Nelson, HN Nelson, TK Qiao, C Richman, JD Roberts, D Ryd, A Witherell, MS Balest, R Behrens, BH Cho, K Ford, WT Park, H Rankin, P Roy, J Smith, JG TI Determination of the Michel parameters and the tau neutrino helicity in tau decay SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HIGGS BOSONS; MASS; E(+)E(-)->TAU(+)TAU(-); Z->TAU(+)TAU(-); PHYSICS; LIBRARY; LEPTONS; SPIN AB Using the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring operated at root s=10.6 GeV, we have determined the Michel parameters rho, xi and delta in tau(-/+)-->l(-/+) nu<(nu)over bar> decay as well as the tau neutrino helicity parameter h(nu tau) in tau(-/+)-->pi(-/+)pi(0) nu decay. From a data sample of 3.02x10(6) produced tau pairs we analyzed events of the topologies e(+)e(-)-->tau(+)tau(-)-->(l(+/-)nu<(nu)over bar>)(pi(-/+)pi(0) nu) and e(+)e(-)-->tau(+)tau(-)-->(pi(+/-)pi(0)<(nu)over bar>)pi(-/+)pi(0) nu). We obtain rho=0.747 rho =0.747+/-0.010+/-0.006, xi=1.007+/-0.040+/-0.015, xi delta=0.745+/-0.026+/-0.009, and h(nu tau)=-0.995+/-0.010 +/-0.003, when we have used the previously determined sign of h(nu tau) [ARGUS Collaboration, H. Albrecht et al., Z. Phys. C 58, 61 (1993); Phys. Lett. B 349, 576 (1995)]. We also present the Michel parameters as determined from the electron and muon samples separately. All results are in agreement with the standard model V-A interaction. C1 UNIV FLORIDA, GAINESVILLE, FL 32611 USA. HARVARD UNIV, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA. UNIV HAWAII MANOA, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA. UNIV ILLINOIS, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. CARLETON UNIV, OTTAWA, ON K1S 5B6, CANADA. ITHACA COLL, ITHACA, NY 14850 USA. UNIV KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KS 66045 USA. UNIV MINNESOTA, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55455 USA. SUNY ALBANY, ALBANY, NY 12222 USA. OHIO STATE UNIV, COLUMBUS, OH 43210 USA. UNIV OKLAHOMA, NORMAN, OK 73019 USA. PURDUE UNIV, W LAFAYETTE, IN 47907 USA. UNIV ROCHESTER, ROCHESTER, NY 14627 USA. STANFORD UNIV, STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR, STANFORD, CA 94309 USA. SO METHODIST UNIV, DALLAS, TX 75275 USA. SYRACUSE UNIV, SYRACUSE, NY 13244 USA. VANDERBILT UNIV, NASHVILLE, TN 37235 USA. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV, BLACKSBURG, VA 24061 USA. WAYNE STATE UNIV, DETROIT, MI 48202 USA. CALTECH, PASADENA, CA 91125 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA, SANTA BARBARA, CA 93106 USA. UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. UNIV TEXAS, AUSTIN, TX 78712 USA. BINP, RU-630090 NOVOSIBIRSK, RUSSIA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. RP CORNELL UNIV, ITHACA, NY 14853 USA. RI Briere, Roy/N-7819-2014; Frasconi, Franco/K-1068-2016; OI Briere, Roy/0000-0001-5229-1039; Frasconi, Franco/0000-0003-4204-6587; Kutschke, Robert/0000-0001-9315-2879; Poling, Ronald/0000-0001-7305-4702; Bloom, Kenneth/0000-0002-4272-8900 NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 9 BP 5320 EP 5329 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.5320 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YF044 UT WOS:A1997YF04400005 ER PT J AU Adams, D Adeva, B Arik, E Arvidson, A Badelek, B Ballintijn, MK Bardin, G Baum, G Berglund, P Betev, L Bird, IG Birsa, R Bjorkholm, P Bonner, BE deBotton, N Boutemeur, M Bradamante, F Bravar, A Bressan, A Bultmann, S Burtin, E Cavata, C Crabb, D Cranshaw, J Cuhadar, T DallaTorre, S vanDantzig, R Derro, B Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Dulya, C Dyring, A Eichblatt, S Faivre, JC Fasching, D Feinstein, F Fernandez, C Frois, B Gallas, A Garzon, JA Gaussiran, T Giorgi, M vonGoeler, E Gracia, G deGroot, N Perdekamp, MG Gulmez, E vonHarrach, D Hasegawa, T Hautle, P Hayashi, N Heusch, CA Horikawa, N Hughes, VW Igo, G Ishimoto, S Iwata, T Kabuss, EM Karev, A Kessler, HJ Ketel, TJ Kishi, A Kisselev, Y Klostermann, L Kramer, D Krivokhijine, V Kroger, W Kurek, K Kyynarainen, J Lamanna, M Landgraf, U Layda, T LeGoff, JM Lehar, F deLesquen, A Lichtenstadt, J Lindqvist, T Litmaath, M Lowe, M Magnon, A Mallot, GK Marie, F Martin, A Martino, J Matsuda, T Mayes, B McCarthy, JS Medved, K vanMiddelkoop, G Miller, D Mori, K Moromisato, J Nagaitsev, A Nassalski, J Naumann, L Niinikoski, TO Oberski, JEJ Ogawa, A Ozben, C Parks, DP Penzo, A PerrotKunne, F Peshekhonov, D Piegaia, R Pinsky, L Platchkov, S Plo, M Pose, D Postma, H Pretz, J Pussieux, T Pyrlik, J Reyhancan, I Rijllart, A Roberts, JB Rock, S Rodriguez, M Rondio, E Rosado, A Sabo, I Saborido, J Sandacz, A Savin, I Schiavon, P Schuler, KP Segel, R Seitz, R Semertzidis, Y Sever, F Shanahan, P Sichtermann, EP Simeoni, F Smirnov, GI Staude, A Steinmetz, A Stiegler, U Stuhrmann, H Szleper, M Teichert, KM Tessarotto, F Tlaczala, W Trentalange, S Unel, G Velasco, M Vogt, J Voss, R Weinstein, R Whitten, C Windmolders, R Willumeit, R Wislicki, W Witzmann, A Zanetti, AM Zaremba, K Zhao, J AF Adams, D Adeva, B Arik, E Arvidson, A Badelek, B Ballintijn, MK Bardin, G Baum, G Berglund, P Betev, L Bird, IG Birsa, R Bjorkholm, P Bonner, BE deBotton, N Boutemeur, M Bradamante, F Bravar, A Bressan, A Bultmann, S Burtin, E Cavata, C Crabb, D Cranshaw, J Cuhadar, T DallaTorre, S vanDantzig, R Derro, B Deshpande, A Dhawan, S Dulya, C Dyring, A Eichblatt, S Faivre, JC Fasching, D Feinstein, F Fernandez, C Frois, B Gallas, A Garzon, JA Gaussiran, T Giorgi, M vonGoeler, E Gracia, G deGroot, N Perdekamp, MG Gulmez, E vonHarrach, D Hasegawa, T Hautle, P Hayashi, N Heusch, CA Horikawa, N Hughes, VW Igo, G Ishimoto, S Iwata, T Kabuss, EM Karev, A Kessler, HJ Ketel, TJ Kishi, A Kisselev, Y Klostermann, L Kramer, D Krivokhijine, V Kroger, W Kurek, K Kyynarainen, J Lamanna, M Landgraf, U Layda, T LeGoff, JM Lehar, F deLesquen, A Lichtenstadt, J Lindqvist, T Litmaath, M Lowe, M Magnon, A Mallot, GK Marie, F Martin, A Martino, J Matsuda, T Mayes, B McCarthy, JS Medved, K vanMiddelkoop, G Miller, D Mori, K Moromisato, J Nagaitsev, A Nassalski, J Naumann, L Niinikoski, TO Oberski, JEJ Ogawa, A Ozben, C Parks, DP Penzo, A PerrotKunne, F Peshekhonov, D Piegaia, R Pinsky, L Platchkov, S Plo, M Pose, D Postma, H Pretz, J Pussieux, T Pyrlik, J Reyhancan, I Rijllart, A Roberts, JB Rock, S Rodriguez, M Rondio, E Rosado, A Sabo, I Saborido, J Sandacz, A Savin, I Schiavon, P Schuler, KP Segel, R Seitz, R Semertzidis, Y Sever, F Shanahan, P Sichtermann, EP Simeoni, F Smirnov, GI Staude, A Steinmetz, A Stiegler, U Stuhrmann, H Szleper, M Teichert, KM Tessarotto, F Tlaczala, W Trentalange, S Unel, G Velasco, M Vogt, J Voss, R Weinstein, R Whitten, C Windmolders, R Willumeit, R Wislicki, W Witzmann, A Zanetti, AM Zaremba, K Zhao, J TI Spin structure of the proton from polarized inclusive deep-inelastic muon-proton scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID BJORKEN SUM-RULE; SMALL-X-BEHAVIOR; GOLDBERGER-TREIMAN RELATION; LEPTON-NUCLEON SCATTERING; HEAVY QUARK CONTRIBUTIONS; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G1(X); STRUCTURE-FUNCTION G(1); ORDER QCD CORRECTIONS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; ELECTRON-SCATTERING AB We have measured the spin-dependent structure function g(1)(p) in inclusive deep-inelastic scattering of polarized muons off polarized protons, in the kinematic range 0.003e(+)e(-) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PHYSICS AB We have searched for the rare decay of the eta meson eta-->e(+)e(-) using the CLEO II detector. The eta's were produced in e(+)e(-) collisions with 10 GeV center-of-mass energy at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR). We find with 90% confidence the upper limit on the branching fraction B(eta-->e(+)e(-))<7.7x10(-5). The application of conventional elementary particle theory to this decay predicts a branching fraction of about 10(-9). C1 UNIV ILLINOIS,CHAMPAIGN,IL 61801. CARLETON UNIV,OTTAWA,ON K1S 5B6,CANADA. MCGILL UNIV,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T8,CANADA. ITHACA COLL,ITHACA,NY 14850. UNIV KANSAS,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. SUNY ALBANY,ALBANY,NY 12222. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV OKLAHOMA,NORMAN,OK 73019. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. SO METHODIST UNIV,DALLAS,TX 75275. SYRACUSE UNIV,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. WAYNE STATE UNIV,DETROIT,MI 48202. CALTECH,PASADENA,CA 91125. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. BINP,RU-630090 NOVOSIBIRSK,RUSSIA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. UNIV TEXAS,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP Browder, TE (reprint author), UNIV HAWAII MANOA,HONOLULU,HI 96822, USA. RI Briere, Roy/N-7819-2014; Frasconi, Franco/K-1068-2016 OI Briere, Roy/0000-0001-5229-1039; Frasconi, Franco/0000-0003-4204-6587 NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 9 BP 5359 EP 5365 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.5359 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YF044 UT WOS:A1997YF04400007 ER PT J AU Mihaila, B Dawson, JF Cooper, F AF Mihaila, B Dawson, JF Cooper, F TI Order 1/N corrections to the time-dependent Hartree approximation for a system of N+1 oscillators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LARGE-N EXPANSION; SEMIQUANTUM CHAOS; EVOLUTION; FIELD AB We solve numerically to order 1/N the time evolution of a quantum dynamical system of N oscillators of mass rn coupled quadratically to a massless dynamic variable. We use Schwinger's closed time path formalism to derive the equations. We compare two methods which differ by terms of order 1/N-2. The first method is a direct perturbation theory in 1/N using the path integral. The second solves exactly the theory defined by the effective action to order 1/N. We compare the results of both methods as a function of N. At N=1, when we expect the expansion to be quite innacurate, we compare our results to an exact numerical solution of the Schrodinger equation. In this case we find that when the two methods disagree they also diverge from the exact answer. We also find at N=1 that the 1/N corrected solutions track the exact answer for the expectation values much longer than the mean field (N=infinity) result. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Mihaila, B (reprint author), UNIV NEW HAMPSHIRE,DEPT PHYS,DURHAM,NH 03824, USA. RI Mihaila, Bogdan/D-8795-2013 OI Mihaila, Bogdan/0000-0002-1489-8814 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 9 BP 5400 EP 5412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.5400 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YF044 UT WOS:A1997YF04400011 ER PT J AU Wu, GH Kiers, K Ng, JN AF Wu, GH Kiers, K Ng, JN TI Polarization measurements and T violation in exclusive semileptonic B decays SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TRANSVERSE TAU-POLARIZATION; TIME-REVERSAL VIOLATION; RIGHT-HANDED CURRENTS; LEFT-RIGHT SYMMETRY; R-PARITY BREAKING; CP-VIOLATION; SUPERSYMMETRIC THEORIES; K-MU-3 DECAYS; MUON POLARIZATION; STANDARD-MODEL AB We provide a general analysis of time reversal invariance violation in the exclusive semileptonic B decays B-->Dl<(nu)over bar> and B-->D*l<(nu)over bar>. Measurements of the lepton and D* polarizations can be used to search for and identify nonstandard model sources of T violation. Upper limits are placed on the T-odd polarization observables in both the supersymmetric R-parity-conserving and R-parity-breaking theories, as well as in some nonsupersymmetric extensions of the standard model, including multi-Higgs-doublet models, leptoquark models, and left-right symmetric models. It is noted that many of these models allow for large T-violating polarization effects which could be within the reach of the planned B factories. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT PHYS, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. RP TRIUMF, THEORY GRP, 4004 WESBROOK MALL, VANCOUVER, BC V6T 2A3, CANADA. NR 78 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 9 BP 5413 EP 5430 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.5413 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YF044 UT WOS:A1997YF04400012 ER PT J AU Radyushkin, AV AF Radyushkin, AV TI Nonforward parton distributions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LEPTON-PAIR PRODUCTION; HADRONIC FORM-FACTORS; FREE GAUGE THEORIES; ASYMPTOTIC-BEHAVIOR; PERTURBATION-THEORY; EVOLUTION KERNELS; WAVE-FUNCTIONS; QCD; MODEL; ELECTROPRODUCTION AB Applications of perturbative QCD to deeply virtual Compton scattering and hard exclusive electroproduction processes require a generalization of usual parton distributions for the cass when long-distance information is accumulated in nonforward matrix elements [p'\O(0,z)\p] of quark and gluon light-cone operators. We describe two types of nonperturbative functions parametrizing such matrix elements: double distributions F(x,y;t) and nonforward distribution functions F-zeta(X:t), discuss their spectral properties, evolution equations which they satisfy, basic uses and general aspects of factorization for hard exclusive processes. C1 JEFFERSON LAB,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606. JINR,THEORET PHYS LAB,DUBNA,RUSSIA. RP Radyushkin, AV (reprint author), OLD DOMINION UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NORFOLK,VA 23529, USA. NR 77 TC 739 Z9 739 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 9 BP 5524 EP 5557 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.5524 PG 34 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YF044 UT WOS:A1997YF04400019 ER PT J AU Swanson, ES Szczepaniak, AP AF Swanson, ES Szczepaniak, AP TI Decays of hybrid mesons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID FLUX-TUBE BREAKING; MODEL; RESONANCE; HADRONS; GLUONS AB The heavy quark expansion of quantum chromodynamics and the strong coupling flux tube picture of nonperturbative glue are employed to develop the phenomenology of hybrid meson decays. The decay mechanism explicitly couples gluonic degrees of freedom to the pair-produced quarks and hence does nor obey the well-known. but model-dependent. selection rule which states that hybrids do not decay to pairs of identical L = 0 mesons. However, the nonperturbative nature of gluonic excitations in the flux tube picture leads to a new selection rule: light hybrids do not decay to any pairs of identical mesons. New features of the model are highlighted and partial widths are presented for several low-lying hybrid states. C1 JEFFERSON LAB,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606. RP Swanson, ES (reprint author), N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,RALEIGH,NC 27695, USA. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 9 BP 5692 EP 5695 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.5692 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YF044 UT WOS:A1997YF04400029 ER PT J AU Hewett, JL Rizzo, TG Doncheski, MA AF Hewett, JL Rizzo, TG Doncheski, MA TI Constraints on light gluinos from Fermilab Tevatron dijet data SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID BEAM-DUMP EXPERIMENT; SUPERSYMMETRIC PARTICLES; BOUND-STATES; SEARCH; COLLISIONS; COLLIDER; PROTON; DECAY; SQUARKS; ENERGY AB The effects of light, long-lived gluinos on 2 --> 2 processes at hadron colliders are examined. Such particles can mediate single squark resonant production via -->(q) over tilde--> which would significantly modify the dijet data sample. We find that squark masses in the range 130< m(q) similar to<694,595,573 GeV are excluded for gluino masses of 0.4,1.3,5.0 GeV from existing UA2 and Fermilab Tevatron data on dijet bump searches and angular distributions. Run II of the Tevatron has the capability of excluding this scenario for squark masses up to similar to 1 TeV. C1 CARLETON UNIV,OTTAWA CARLETON INST PHYS,OTTAWA,ON K1S 5B6,CANADA. RP Hewett, JL (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 71 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 9 BP 5703 EP 5708 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.5703 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YF044 UT WOS:A1997YF04400031 ER PT J AU Hewett, JL Rizzo, TG AF Hewett, JL Rizzo, TG TI Much ado about leptoquarks: A comprehensive analysis SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Review ID R-PARITY VIOLATION; PRECISION ELECTROWEAK EXPERIMENTS; SU(15) GRAND UNIFICATION; E-GAMMA COLLISIONS; HADRON COLLIDERS; VECTOR LEPTOQUARKS; PARTON DISTRIBUTIONS; SUPERSTRING MODELS; SCALAR LEPTOQUARKS; LIGHT LEPTOQUARKS AB We examine the phenomenological implications of a similar to 200 GeV leptoquark in light of the recent excess of events at DESY HERA. Given the relative predictions of events rates in e(+)p versus e(-)p, we demonstrate that classes of leptoquarks may be excluded, including those contained in E-6 grand unified theory (GUT) models. It is shown that future studies with polarized beams at HERA could reveal the chirality of the leptoquark fermionic coupling and that given sufficient luminosity in each e(L,R)(+/-) channel the leptoquark quantum numbers could be determined. The implications of 200-220 GeV leptoquarks at the Fermilab Tevatron are examined. While present Tevatron data most likely exclude vector leptoquarks and leptogluons in this mass region, it does allow for scalar leptoquarks. We find that while leptoquarks have little influence on Drell-Yan production, further studies at the Main Injector may be possible in the single production channel provided the Yukawa couplings are sufficiently large. We investigate precision electroweak measurements as well as the process e(+)e(-) --> at CERN LEP II and find they provide no further restrictions on these leptoquark models. We then ascertain that cross section and polarization asymmetry measurements at the Next Linear Collider (NLC) provide the only direct mechanism to determine the leptoquark's electroweak quantum numbers. The single production of leptoquarks in gamma e collisions by both the back-scattered laser and Weisacker-Williams techniques at the NLC is also discussed. Finally, we demonstrate that we can obtain successful coupling constant unification in models with leptoquarks, both with or without supersymmetry. The supersymmetric case requires the GUT group to be larger than SU(5) such as flipped SU(5)xU(1)(X). RP STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR, STANFORD, CA 94309 USA. NR 135 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0010 EI 2470-0029 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 9 BP 5709 EP 5724 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.5709 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YF044 UT WOS:A1997YF04400032 ER PT J AU Kiers, K Weiss, N AF Kiers, K Weiss, N TI Coherent neutrino interactions in a dense medium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID MATTER; OSCILLATIONS; SPECTROSCOPY; DERIVATION AB Motivated by the effect of matter on neutrino oscillations (the MSW effect) we study in more detail the propagation of neutrinos in a dense medium. The dispersion relation for massive neutrinos in a medium is I;noun to have a minimum at nonzero momentum p similar to G(F) rho/root 2. We study in detail the origin and consequences of this dispersion relation for both Dirac and Majorana neutrinos both in a toy model with only neutral currents and a single neutrino flavor and in a realistic ''standard model'' with two neutrino flavors, We find that for a range of neutrino momenta near the minimum of the dispersion relation, Dirac neutrinos are trapped by their coherent interactions with the medium. This effect does not lead to the trapping of Majorana neutrinos. C1 TEL AVIV UNIV,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,IL-69978 TEL AVIV,ISRAEL. WEIZMANN INST SCI,DEPT PARTICLE PHYS,IL-76100 REHOVOT,ISRAEL. UNIV BRITISH COLUMBIA,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,VANCOUVER,BC V6T 1Z1,CANADA. RP Kiers, K (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 9 BP 5776 EP 5785 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.5776 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YF044 UT WOS:A1997YF04400039 ER PT J AU Kiers, K Soni, A AF Kiers, K Soni, A TI Improving constraints on tan beta/m(H) using B->D tau(nu)over-bar SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID HIGGS DOUBLET MODEL; HEAVY MESONS; FORM-FACTORS; B-DECAYS; SEMILEPTONIC DECAYS; WEAK INTERACTIONS; B->S-GAMMA DECAY; TOP-QUARK; SEARCH; SUPERSYMMETRY AB We study the q(2) dependence of the exclusive decay mode B-->D in type-Pi two Higgs doublet models (2HDM's) and show that this mode may be used to put stringent bounds on tan beta/m(H). There are currently rather large theoretical uncertainties in the q(2) distribution, but these may be significantly reduced by future measurements of the analogous distribution for B-->D(e,mu)<(nu)over bar>. We estimate that this reduction in the theoretical uncertainties would eventually (i.e., with sufficient data) allow one to push the upper bound on tan beta/m(H) down to about 0.06 GeV-1. This would represent an improvement on the current bound by about a factor of 7. We then apply the method of optimized observables which allows us to estimate the reach of an experiment with a given number of events. We thus find that an experiment with, fur example, 10(3) events could set a 2 sigma upper bound on tan beta/m(H) of 0.07 GeV-1 or could differentiate at the 4.6 sigma level between a 2HDM with tan beta/m(H)=0.1 GeV-1 and the standard model. RP Kiers, K (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 45 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 9 BP 5786 EP 5793 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.5786 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YF044 UT WOS:A1997YF04400040 ER PT J AU Reina, L Ricciardi, G Soni, A AF Reina, L Ricciardi, G Soni, A TI QCD corrections to b->s gamma gamma induced decays: B->X-s gamma gamma and B-s->gamma gamma SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID B-DECAYS; B->SG DECAYS; TOP-QUARK; B->X(S)GAMMA; B->S+GAMMA AB We present a complete calculation of the leading-order QCD corrections to the quark level decay amplitude for b-->s gamma gamma and study their relevance for both the inclusive branching ratio B(B-->X-s gamma gamma) and for the exclusive decay channel B-s-->gamma gamma. In addition to the uncertainties in the short distance calculation, due to the choice of the renormalization scale, an appreciable uncertainty in both B-s-->gamma gamma and B-->X-s gamma gamma is introduced by the matrix element calculation. We also briefly discuss some long distance effects, especially those due to the eta(c) resonance for the inclusive rate. Finally, a brief analysis of the IR singularities of the two photon spectrum in the inclusive case is given. C1 UNIV NAPLES,DIPARTIMENTO SCI FIS,I-80125 NAPLES,ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,I-80125 NAPLES,ITALY. RP Reina, L (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Ricciardi, Giulia/H-3649-2011 OI Ricciardi, Giulia/0000-0002-2352-9033 NR 40 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 9 BP 5805 EP 5815 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.5805 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YF044 UT WOS:A1997YF04400042 ER PT J AU Feng, JL Moroi, T AF Feng, JL Moroi, T TI Determining tan beta from the SUSY Higgs sector at future e(+)e(-) colliders SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL; GRAND UNIFIED THEORIES; QUARK-MASS PREDICTION; QCD CORRECTIONS; RADIATIVE-CORRECTIONS; LINEAR COLLIDER; SFERMION MASSES; E+E COLLIDERS; BOSONS; DECAY AB We examine the prospects for determining tan beta from heavy Higgs scalar production in the minimal supersymmetric standard model at a future e(+)e(-) collider. Our analysis is independent of assumptions of parameter unification, and we consider general radiative corrections in thr Higgs sector. Bounds are presented for root s= 500 GeV and 1 TeV, several Higgs boson masses, a variety of integrated luminosities and b-tagging efficiencies, and in scenarios with and without supersymmetric decays of the Higgs bosons. We find stringent constraints for 3 less than or similar to tan beta less than or similar to 10 and, for some scenarios, also interesting bounds on high tan beta through tbH(+/-) production. These bounds imply that simple Yukawa unifications may be confirmed or excluded. Implications for soft scalar mass determination and top squark parameters are also discussed. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Feng, JL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,THEORET PHYS GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 62 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 9 BP 5962 EP 5980 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.5962 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YF044 UT WOS:A1997YF04400059 ER PT J AU Alves, GA Amato, S Anjos, JC Appel, JA Astorga, J Bernard, T Bracker, SB Cremaldi, LM Dagenhart, WD Darling, CL Dixon, RL Errede, D Fenker, HC Gay, C Green, DR Jedicke, R Karchin, PE Kennedy, C Kwan, S Lueking, LH Neto, JRTD Metheny, J Milburn, RH deMiranda, JM daMotta, H Napier, A Passmore, D Rafatian, A dosReis, AC Ross, WR Santoro, AFS Sheaff, M Souza, MHG Stoughton, C Streetman, ME Summers, DJ Takach, SF Wallace, A Wu, Z AF Alves, GA Amato, S Anjos, JC Appel, JA Astorga, J Bernard, T Bracker, SB Cremaldi, LM Dagenhart, WD Darling, CL Dixon, RL Errede, D Fenker, HC Gay, C Green, DR Jedicke, R Karchin, PE Kennedy, C Kwan, S Lueking, LH Neto, JRTD Metheny, J Milburn, RH deMiranda, JM daMotta, H Napier, A Passmore, D Rafatian, A dosReis, AC Ross, WR Santoro, AFS Sheaff, M Souza, MHG Stoughton, C Streetman, ME Summers, DJ Takach, SF Wallace, A Wu, Z TI Atomic mass dependence of Xi(-) and (Xi(+))over-bar production in central 250 GeV pi(-)-nucleon interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID LARGE-TRANSVERSE-MOMENTUM; D(0),(D)OVER-BAR(0) PRODUCTION; COLLISIONS; PROTONS; NUCLEI AB We present a measurement of the atomic mass dependence of central Xi(-) and Xi(+) production. It is measured using a sample of 22 459 Xi(-)'s and Xi(+)'s produced in collisions between a 250 GeV pi(-) beam and targets of beryllium, aluminum, copper, and tungsten. The relative cross sections are fit to the two parameter function sigma(0)A(alpha), where A is the atomic mass. We measure alpha= 0.924+/-0.020+/-0.025, for Feynman x in the range -0.094 pi(-)3 pi(+)(pi(0))nu(tau) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; LIBRARY; TAUOLA; LIMIT AB We have searched for the decay of the tau lepton into seven charged particles and zero or one pi(0). The data used in the search were collected with the CLEO II detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 4.61 fb(-1). No evidence for a signal is found. Assuming all the charged particles are pions, we set an upper limit on the branching fraction B(tau(-)-->4 pi(-)3 pi(+)(pi(0)) nu(tau))<2.4 x 10(-6) at the 90% confidence level. This limit represents a significant improvement over the previous limit. C1 INST PARTICLE PHYS,OTTAWA,ON K1S 5B6,CANADA. MCGILL UNIV,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T8,CANADA. INST PARTICLE PHYS,MONTREAL,PQ H3A 2T8,CANADA. ITHACA COLL,ITHACA,NY 14850. UNIV KANSAS,LAWRENCE,KS 66045. UNIV MINNESOTA,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455. SUNY ALBANY,ALBANY,NY 12222. OHIO STATE UNIV,COLUMBUS,OH 43210. UNIV OKLAHOMA,NORMAN,OK 73019. PURDUE UNIV,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907. UNIV ROCHESTER,ROCHESTER,NY 14627. STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309. SO METHODIST UNIV,DALLAS,TX 75275. SYRACUSE UNIV,SYRACUSE,NY 13244. VANDERBILT UNIV,NASHVILLE,TN 37235. VIRGINIA POLYTECH INST & STATE UNIV,BLACKSBURG,VA 24061. WAYNE STATE UNIV,DETROIT,MI 48202. CALTECH,PASADENA,CA 91125. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. UNIV CALIF SANTA BARBARA,SANTA BARBARA,CA 93106. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. UNIV FLORIDA,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611. HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV HAWAII,HONOLULU,HI 96822. UNIV ILLINOIS,URBANA,IL 61801. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. BINP,RU-630090 NOVOSIBIRSK,RUSSIA. YONSEI UNIV,SEOUL 120749,SOUTH KOREA. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV TEXAS,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP Edwards, KW (reprint author), CARLETON UNIV,OTTAWA,ON K1S 5B6,CANADA. RI Briere, Roy/N-7819-2014 OI Briere, Roy/0000-0001-5229-1039 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 9 BP R5297 EP R5300 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.56.R5297 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YF044 UT WOS:A1997YF04400001 ER PT J AU Keith, E Ma, E Roy, DP AF Keith, E Ma, E Roy, DP TI Lower bound on the pseudoscalar mass in the minimal supersymmetric standard model SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID TOP-QUARK DECAY; HIGGS BOSONS AB In the Higgs sector of the minimal supersymmetric standard model, the mass of the pseudoscalar A is an independent parameter together with tan beta=upsilon(2)/upsilon(1). If m(A) is small, then the process e(+)e(-)-->h+A is kinematically allowed and is suppressed only if tan beta is small, i.e., less than one. On the other hand, the mass of the charged Higgs boson is now near M-W, and the decay t-->b+h(+) is enhanced if tan beta<1. Since the former has not been observed, and the branching fraction of t-->b+W cannot be too small (by comparing the experimentally derived It cross section from the leptonic channels with the theoretical prediction), we can infer a phenomenological lower bound on m(A) of at least 60 GeV for all values of tan beta. C1 TATA INST FUNDAMENTAL RES,MUMBAI 400005,INDIA. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. RP Keith, E (reprint author), UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT PHYS,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521, USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2821 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD NOV 1 PY 1997 VL 56 IS 9 BP R5306 EP R5309 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YF044 UT WOS:A1997YF04400003 ER PT J AU Jarzynski, C AF Jarzynski, C TI Equilibrium free-energy differences from nonequilibrium measurements: A master-equation approach SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIMULATIONS; ENTROPY; BOUNDS; PHASE; WATER AB In has recently been shown that the Helmholtz free-energy difference between two equilibrium configurations of a system may be obtained from an ensemble of finite-time (nonequilibrium) measurements of the work performed in switching an external parameter of the system. Here this result is established, as an identity, within the master equation formalism. Examples are discussed and numerical illustrations provided. RP Jarzynski, C (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,T-6,MS B288,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Jarzynski, Christopher/B-4490-2009 OI Jarzynski, Christopher/0000-0002-3464-2920 NR 29 TC 661 Z9 663 U1 10 U2 103 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 5018 EP 5035 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.5018 PN A PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA YH167 UT WOS:A1997YH16700023 ER PT J AU VanSiclen, CD AF VanSiclen, CD TI Information entropy of complex structures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MEDIA; MICROSTRUCTURE AB The information entropy function provides a sensitive measure of the complexity of a multi-component material system, where ''complexity'' refers to the range of length scales over which morphological features are present. This is demonstrated for an evolving, two-phase microstructure simulated by a population of interacting particles on a two-dimensional surface. The information entropy increases at all length scales as the initially random configuration of particles evolves to produce a distribution of ramified clusters. Maxima in the normalized information entropy function, which is obtained by subtracting the information entropy of a perfectly random configuration from that of the clustered configuration, occur at length scales for which the system most differs from a random configuration, while minima occur at length scales for which the system is periodic or relatively ordered. Besides analysis of complex microstructures, information entropy is useful in detecting features present in any collection of data. RP VanSiclen, CD (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 5211 EP 5215 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.5211 PN A PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA YH167 UT WOS:A1997YH16700044 ER PT J AU Baker, GA AF Baker, GA TI Equation of state for a partially ionized gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LENNARD-JONES FLUID; DEBYE-HUCKEL THEORY; THOMAS-FERMI; CRITICALITY; MATTER; ENERGY; ATOMS AB The derivation of equations of state for fluid phases of a partially ionized gas or plasma is addressed from a fundamental point of view. First, a cubic cellular model and then a spherical cellular model is deduced far the hot curve limit (or ideal Fermi gas). Next the Coulomb interactions are added to the spherical model for general ionic charge Z. A numerical example of the theory for the case of hydrogen is reported, and it reduces in various limits of temperature and density to the expected behavior. It displays an electron, localization-delocalization phase transition of the normal liquid-gas character. RP Baker, GA (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 5216 EP 5239 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.5216 PN A PG 24 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA YH167 UT WOS:A1997YH16700045 ER PT J AU Hoover, WG Kum, O AF Hoover, WG Kum, O TI Ergodicity, mixing, and time reversibility for atomistic nonequilibrium steady states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; CANONICAL DYNAMICS; TEMPERATURE; ENSEMBLE AB Ergodic mixing is prerequisite to any statistical-mechanical calculation of properties derived from atomistic dynamical simulations. Thus the time-reversible thermostats and ergostats used in simulating Gibbsian equilibrium dynamics or nonequilibrium steady-state dynamics should impose ergodicity and mixing. Though it is hard to visualize many-dimensional phase-space distributions, recent developments provide several practical numerical approaches to the problem of ergodic mixing. Here we apply three of these approaches to a useful nonequilibrium test problem, an oscillator in a temperature gradient. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. AGCY DEF DEV, YUSEONG TAEJEON, SOUTH KOREA. RP UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT APPL SCI, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. RI Kum, Oyeon/A-4962-2008 NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 5517 EP 5523 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.5517 PN A PG 7 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA YH167 UT WOS:A1997YH16700076 ER PT J AU Rogers, FJ Young, DA AF Rogers, FJ Young, DA TI Validation of the activity expansion method with ultrahigh pressure shock equations of state SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID VIRIAL EXPANSIONS; QUANTUM PLASMAS; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; STELLAR ENVELOPES; DENSE MATTER; COMPRESSIBILITY; STATISTICS; ALUMINUM; RANGE; MBAR AB Laser shock experiments have recently been used to measure the equation of state (EOS) of matter in the ultrahigh pressure region between condensed matter and a weakly coupled plasma. Some ultrahigh pressure data from nuclear-generated shocks are also available. Matter at these conditions has proven very difficult to treat theoretically. The many-body activity expansion method (ACTEX) has been used for some time to calculate EOS and opacity data in this region, for use in modeling inertial confinement fusion and stellar interior plasmas. In the present work, we carry out a detailed comparison with the available experimental data in order to validate the method. The agreement is good, showing that ACTEX adequately describes strongly shocked matter. RP Rogers, FJ (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, DEPT PHYS, POB 808, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 61 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 5876 EP 5883 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.5876 PN B PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA YH168 UT WOS:A1997YH16800035 ER PT J AU Deeney, C Nash, TJ Spielman, RB Seaman, JF Chandler, GC Struve, KW Porter, JL Stygar, WA McGurn, JS Jobe, DO Gilliland, TL Torres, JA Vargas, MF Ruggles, LE Breeze, S Mock, RC Douglas, MR Fehl, DL McDaniel, DH Matzen, MK Peterson, DL Matuska, W Roderick, NF MacFarlane, JJ AF Deeney, C Nash, TJ Spielman, RB Seaman, JF Chandler, GC Struve, KW Porter, JL Stygar, WA McGurn, JS Jobe, DO Gilliland, TL Torres, JA Vargas, MF Ruggles, LE Breeze, S Mock, RC Douglas, MR Fehl, DL McDaniel, DH Matzen, MK Peterson, DL Matuska, W Roderick, NF MacFarlane, JJ TI Power enhancement by increasing the initial array radius and wire number of tungsten Z pinches SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-EMISSION; IMPLOSIONS; INSTABILITY; DENSITY; PLASMAS; GAIN AB Tungsten wire array implosions on the 7- to 8-MA Saturn generator have been optimized using wire number and array diameter variations to produce 75 +/- 10 TW of x rays with total energy outputs of 450 +/- 50 kJ. By increasing the number of wires in a 12.5-mm-diam array from 24 to 70 and simultaneously decreasing the individual wire diameter from 13 to 7.5 mu m, the total radiated power increased from 20 +/- 3 to 40 +/- 6 TW and the x-ray pulse width decreased from 18 to 8.5 ns. In addition, a diameter scan at an implosion time of 50 +/- 5 ns showed that the pulse width has a strong dependence on collapse velocity and wire thickness. For the largest diameter load of 17.5 mm with 120 5-mu m-diam wires, a 4-ns pulse width with a peak power of 75 +/- 10 TW was. achieved: four times power gain over the 20-TW electrical power generated by the pulsed power system. Time-resolved pinhole photography confirms that the power enhancement with increased wire number is associated with the plasma achieving a tighter compression and better axial uniformity. For the higher-velocity implosions, we infer from two-dimensional radiation-magnetohydrodynamic calculations that the plasma becomes hotter and hence radiates at a higher brightness temperature. Zero-and two-dimensional load models coupled with a detailed circuit model have shown expected radial kinetic energies in the range of 100-200 kJ. The total radiated energy of > 400 kJ in a 4-20-ns FWHM pulse exceeds the total kinetic energy by more than a factor of 2. Two-dimensional, three-temperature simulations reproduce the observed trends in powers and pulse widths by using a variable initial random density perturbation. These calculations also indicate that the radiated energy is accounted for by the total work done on the plasma by the magnetic field. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV WISCONSIN,FUS TECHNOL INST,MADISON,WI 53706. RP Deeney, C (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,MS-1194,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 39 TC 119 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 5945 EP 5958 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.5945 PN B PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA YH168 UT WOS:A1997YH16800041 ER PT J AU Bai, M Lee, SY Glenn, JW Huang, H Ratner, L Roser, T Syphers, MJ vanAsselt, W AF Bai, M Lee, SY Glenn, JW Huang, H Ratner, L Roser, T Syphers, MJ vanAsselt, W TI Experimental test of coherent betatron resonance excitations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MODULATION AB Sustained coherent betatron oscillations have been produced in the Brookhaven National Laboratory Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) using a high-frequency oscillating dipole field operating very near a subharmonic of the betatron tune. The betatron oscillations were adiabatically induced and manipulated in a controlled fashion so that the transverse emittance of the particle beam was preserved. This procedure will be used to induce spin hip in the AGS during the crossing of depolarizing resonances during polarized beam operation. It may also find applications toward measuring nonlinear parameters of transverse motion in synchrotrons and storage rings. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Bai, M (reprint author), INDIANA UNIV,BLOOMINGTON,IN 47405, USA. NR 5 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD NOV PY 1997 VL 56 IS 5 BP 6002 EP 6007 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.56.6002 PN B PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA YH168 UT WOS:A1997YH16800047 ER PT J AU Chapman, D Thomlinson, W Johnston, RE Washburn, D Pisano, E Gmur, N Zhong, Z Menk, R Arfelli, F Sayers, D AF Chapman, D Thomlinson, W Johnston, RE Washburn, D Pisano, E Gmur, N Zhong, Z Menk, R Arfelli, F Sayers, D TI Diffraction enhanced x-ray imaging SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; CONTRAST AB Diffraction enhanced imaging is a new x-ray radiographic imaging modality using monochromatic x-rays from a synchrotron which produces images of thick absorbing objects that are almost completely free of scatter. They show dramatically improved contrast over standard imaging applied to the same phantom. The contrast is based nor only on attenuation but also the refraction and diffraction properties of the sample. This imaging method may improve image quality for medical applications, industrial radiography for non-destructive testing and x-ray computed tomography. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE,UPTON,NY 11973. UNIV N CAROLINA,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27599. UNIV GESAMTHSCH SIEGEN,D-57068 SIEGEN,GERMANY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL,TRIESTE,ITALY. SOC SINCROTRONE,TRIESTE,ITALY. N CAROLINA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,RALEIGH,NC 27695. RP Chapman, D (reprint author), IIT,CSRRI,3101 SOUTH DEARBORN,CHICAGO,IL 60616, USA. RI Chapman, Dean/I-6168-2013 OI Chapman, Dean/0000-0001-6590-4156 NR 17 TC 804 Z9 844 U1 12 U2 77 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2015 EP 2025 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/42/11/001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YE887 UT WOS:A1997YE88700001 PM 9394394 ER PT J AU Ross, SG Welch, A Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH AF Ross, SG Welch, A Gullberg, GT Huesman, RH TI An investigation into the effect of input function shape and image acquisition interval on estimates of washin for dynamic cardiac SPECT SO PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MYOCARDIAL BLOOD-FLOW; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; POINT RESPONSE CORRECTION; NOISE PROPERTIES; RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHMS; KINETIC-PARAMETERS; EM ALGORITHM; PET; MODEL; IMPLEMENTATION AB Dynamic cardiac SPECT and PET can be used to measure myocardial perfusion by estimating the kinetic rate constant describing the washin of radioactive-labelled tracers from the blood to the extravascular myocardial tissue. Because of differences in photon statistics and data acquisition techniques, protocols which produce optimal estimates of the washin for dynamic cardiac PET may give suboptimal estimates if applied in dynamic cardiac SPECT. Two important factors in the estimation of washin are the shape of the tracer input function and the image acquisition interval. This study uses computer simulations to investigate the effect of varying the tracer infusion length and image acquisition interval on the bias and variance of estimates of washin obtained with dynamic cardiac SPECT and Tc-99m-labelled teboroxime. Bias in parameter estimates can be introduced by aliasing, integration of the time-varying radioactivity by the detector, and detector motion. This bias can be reduced by decreasing the acquisition interval and using a longer-duration input function. However, this results in poor photon statistics, which generate large variance, and can also introduce bias in the estimates of the washin. Our studies indicate that better estimates of the washin are obtained by using an acquisition interval that is of sufficient duration to obtain adequate photon statistics even if this is at the expense of temporal resolution. The increase in bias caused by using a 10 or 20 s acquisition interval instead of a 5 s acquisition interval is minimal when compared with the reduction in variance. Variance in estimates is also reduced by using a sharp input function, resulting in higher peak counts during washin. It is also shown that the variance of estimates of the washin increases generally when faster kinetics are observed. This variance can, however, be reduced by using longer acquisition intervals. C1 UNIV UTAH, MED CTR AC213, DEPT RADIOL, MED IMAGING RES LAB, SALT LAKE CITY, UT 84132 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL50663] NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-9155 J9 PHYS MED BIOL JI Phys. Med. Biol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 42 IS 11 BP 2193 EP 2213 DI 10.1088/0031-9155/42/11/014 PG 21 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YE887 UT WOS:A1997YE88700014 PM 9394407 ER PT J AU Robey, HF AF Robey, HF TI The generation of internal waves by a towed sphere and its wake in a thermocline SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID STRATIFIED FLUID AB This report describes a combined experimental and numerical study of internal gravity waves generated by a sphere which is towed horizontally in a density stratified fresh water tank which exhibits a strong thermocline at mid-depth. The Reynolds number range covered extends from 2000 < Re = UD/v < 100000, and the Froude number range was 0.44 < Fr = U/N-max D < 22. Both the kinematics as well as the dynamics of the internal waves are studied. The internal wave field is shown to be generated by two very distinct types of sources, one stationary with respect to the body and one which is nonstationary. The stationary part of the internal wave field is shown to be generated by an ''effective'' body comprised of the sphere plus a stationary separation bubble which follows it. The nonstationary part of the internal wave field is shown to be generated by the nonstationary oscillations associated with the large-scale eddies of the turbulent wake. While such nonstationary internal waves have been observed in previous investigations, their physical origin has not been clearly identified. This paper presents a simple physical model for their generation. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Robey, HF (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD NOV PY 1997 VL 9 IS 11 BP 3353 EP 3367 DI 10.1063/1.869448 PG 15 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA YE012 UT WOS:A1997YE01200024 ER PT J AU Rashidi, M AF Rashidi, M TI Burst-interface interactions in free surface turbulent flows SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID OPEN-CHANNEL FLOWS; NEAR-WALL REGION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; VORTICAL STRUCTURES; ROUGH BOUNDARIES; REYNOLDS STRESS; SMOOTH; TRANSPORT; MOTIONS AB Interactions of bursting events (i.e., ejections and inflows) with the free surface in turbulent channel flows have been studied using oxygen bubble visualization and image processing techniques. Experiments indicate that the flow is dominated by the generation of wall ejections, formation of spanwise ''upsurging vortices'', and interaction of such structures with the free surface. The spanwise upsurging vortices are seen to evolve near the wall, reach the free surface, form surface patches, roll back in form of spanwise ''downswinging vortices'', and mix into the bulk flow. Furthermore, there are evidence of horseshoe and hockeystick type vortices in relation to the bursting events. Measurements of surface characteristics show that the ejection-inflow events are associated with deformation of the free surface and a redistribution of near surface vorticity and velocity fields. It is seen that as upsurging vortices reach the free surface, the surface goes through an elevation or a rise, whereas the surface falls when downswinging vortices of the inflowing fluid return toward the wall. These effects are enhanced as the flow Reynolds number is increased. Conditional averaging of the velocity fields shows that while the surface rise is associated with an increase in the streamwise component of turbulence intensities throughout the liquid layer, surface falls are associated with a slight decrease in streamwise intensities near the free surface. Near the wall, all components of intensities are higher for the cases with surface rise than they are for the ones with surface fall. Contour color plots of the velocities and intensities near the interface region depicts these results and show an increase in the number of spanwise vortices rolling in the direction of flow during the ejection-inflow events. Based on these result and observation of video sequences, a conceptual illustration of burst-interface interactions has been provided. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. RP Rashidi, M (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD NOV PY 1997 VL 9 IS 11 BP 3485 EP 3501 DI 10.1063/1.869457 PG 17 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA YE012 UT WOS:A1997YE01200034 ER PT J AU Dukowicz, JK Smith, RD AF Dukowicz, JK Smith, RD TI Stochastic theory of compressible turbulent fluid transport SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; TRACER TRANSPORTS; FLOWS AB We develop a stochastic model for the turbulent transport of passive scalars based on the Fokker-Planck equation for the probability density distribution of the displacements of infinitesimal fluid parcels (''particles'') in random turbulent motion. Such a theory is the microscopic basis behind semiempirical models of turbulent diffusion which apparently have been developed only for incompressible flow. Here, we specifically develop the theory so that it applies to compressible flow. We then apply it to the particular case of stratified mesoscale turbulent transport of tracers in the ocean, and we find that it generalizes the recent parametrization of Gent and McWilliams. RP LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, GRP T3, DIV THEORET, POB 1663, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 15 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD NOV PY 1997 VL 9 IS 11 BP 3523 EP 3529 DI 10.1063/1.869460 PG 7 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA YE012 UT WOS:A1997YE01200037 ER PT J AU Ter-Akop'yan, GM Oganesyan, YT Daniel', AV Popeko, GS Hamilton, J Kormicki, J Ramayya, A Kliman, J Rasmussen, J AF Ter-Akop'yan, GM Oganesyan, YT Daniel', AV Popeko, GS Hamilton, J Kormicki, J Ramayya, A Kliman, J Rasmussen, J TI Experimental methods for studying spontaneous and low-energy nuclear fission SO PHYSICS OF PARTICLES AND NUCLEI LA English DT Review ID PROMPT NEUTRON EMISSION; COINCIDENCE DATA SETS; IONIZATION-CHAMBER; OCTUPOLE DEFORMATION; COLD FRAGMENTATION; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; CF-252; CHARGE; MASS; ISOTOPES AB The various experimental methods used in studying spontaneous and low-energy nuclear fission in order to determine the fragment kinetic energy, mass, charge, excitation energy, and spin are reviewed. Special attention is paid to the description of a new approach to the study of fission based on the spectrometry of multiple prompt fission gamma rays. Some new data on the spontaneous fission of Cf-252 Obtained using this approach are presented. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Slovak Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Bratislava, Slovakia. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Ter-Akop'yan, GM (reprint author), Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. NR 111 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 USA SN 1063-7796 J9 PHYS PART NUCLEI JI Phys. Part. Nuclei PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 28 IS 6 BP 543 EP 555 DI 10.1134/1.953054 PG 13 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA YN521 UT WOS:000071176900001 ER PT J AU Afeyan, BB Williams, EA AF Afeyan, BB Williams, EA TI Variational approach to parametric instabilities in inhomogeneous plasmas .1. Two model problems SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; ELECTROMAGNETIC-WAVES; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; INTEGRAL-EQUATIONS; MEDIA; DECAY; BACKSCATTERING; DENSITY; SYSTEMS; PHASE AB A variational formalism is introduced in the theory of three-wave parametric instabilities in inhomogeneous plasmas. This minimum pump strength principle (MPSP) is then applied to two model problems, the first being the Rosenbluth model equations [Phys. Rev. Lett. 29, 565 (1972)]. By choosing appropriate trial functions, the MPSP is used to solve for the complex eigenfrequency of the most unstable mode. The wave vector mismatch is assumed to be of the form kappa(x)=kappa((n))(0)x(n)/n!, where n is any positive integer. The results are compared to numerical solutions of the same eigenvalue problem. The second problem is the Liu, Rosenbluth, and White Raman sidescattering model [Phys. Fluids 17, 1211 (1974)], which is treated for any positive-integer power law density profile. The choice of trial functions, the role of symmetry, and various useful approximations are discussed. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Afeyan, BB (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1997 VL 4 IS 11 BP 3788 EP 3802 DI 10.1063/1.872504 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA YF076 UT WOS:A1997YF07600008 ER PT J AU Afeyan, BB Williams, EA AF Afeyan, BB Williams, EA TI A variational approach to parametric instabilities in inhomogeneous plasmas .2. Stimulated Raman scattering SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article AB The theory of temporally unstable modes or bound states associated with stimulated Raman scattering in inhomogeneous plasmas is recast in the form of a variational principle for the pump strength or intensity of the incident laser. This Minimum Pump Strength-Variational Principle (MPS-VP) formalism allows the unification of disparate;results on growth rates, frequency shifts, and threshold conditions, which in the past relied on specific and restrictive assumptions on the density profile, scattering geometry, temperature, and damping rates. The variational approach leads to generalizations of these results in a uniform manner. Various levels of sophistication in the choice of trial and dual functions are explored. Simplifications and short cuts that will be used throughout this series of papers are tested here, and their regions of validity explored. The principle new result of some practical interest is the growth rate of Raman sidescattering occurring anywhere at the peak or on the flanks of a parabolic density profile such as can be found in an exploding foil experiment. This new calculation includes any density at or below quarter-critical,at any temperature, and at low or high damping rate limits. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Afeyan, BB (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1997 VL 4 IS 11 BP 3803 EP 3826 DI 10.1063/1.872505 PG 24 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA YF076 UT WOS:A1997YF07600009 ER PT J AU Afeyan, BB Williams, EA AF Afeyan, BB Williams, EA TI A variational approach to parametric instabilities in inhomogeneous plasmas .3. Two-plasmon decay SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY LASERS AB The theory of the two-plasmon decay instability is recast in the form of a variational principle for the pump strength or intensity of the incident laser. This allows the calculation of growth rates, frequency shifts, and threshold conditions for two-plasmon decay modes that occur in integer power law density profiles, including the effects of oblique incidence of the laser and both S and P polarizations. The transition between parabolic profiles occurring at the peak of an exploding foil target and linear profiles on its flanks is treated as well. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Afeyan, BB (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1997 VL 4 IS 11 BP 3827 EP 3844 DI 10.1063/1.872506 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA YF076 UT WOS:A1997YF07600010 ER PT J AU Afeyan, BB Williams, EA AF Afeyan, BB Williams, EA TI A variational approach to parametric instabilities in inhomogeneous plasmas .4. The mixed polarization high-frequency instability SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; 2-PLASMON DECAY AB The theories of the two plasmon decay (TPD) instability and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) are unified and-presented using a variational formulation. The mixed polarization high-frequency instability is the resulting generalization which has SRS and TPD as special cases. The most unstable mode's properties are derived and shown as a function of perpendicular wave number. For vanishing wave number we recover the Raman backscattering result and for wave numbers a few times larger than the square root of the homogeneous plasma growth rate normalized to the pump frequency, the two plasmon decay instability modes are recovered. This transition is accompanied by a change of polarization from a purely electromagnetic transversely polarized wave in the case of Raman to a strictly electrostatic or longitudinally polarized wave in the case of TPD, and admixtures in between. Experimental signatures of these modes are given and a method is proposed by which the density scale length and electron temperature would be simultaneously inferred from the width and height of the spectral signature corresponding to these hybrid modes in an ideal experiment. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Afeyan, BB (reprint author), UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 9 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1997 VL 4 IS 11 BP 3845 EP 3862 DI 10.1063/1.872507 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA YF076 UT WOS:A1997YF07600011 ER PT J AU Bowman, JC Krommes, JA AF Bowman, JC Krommes, JA TI The realizable Markovian closure and realizable test-field model .2. Application to anisotropic drift-wave dynamics SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIZED NONUNIFORM PLASMA; PASSIVE SCALAR; ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; ROSSBY WAVES AB The test-field model is shown to be potentially nonrealizable in the presence of linear waves such as those frequently encountered in models of plasma and geophysical turbulence. A new statistical closure, the realizable test-field model (RTFM), is proposed as a remedy. Both the damping rate and frequency are renormalized to account for nonlinear damping and frequency shifts. Like the realizable Markovian closure (RMC), the RTFM is based on a modified fluctuation-dissipation ansatz. Numerical solutions of the RTFM, RMC, and direct-interaction approximation for the Hasegawa-Mima equation are presented; rough agreement with direct numerical solution is found. The number of retained Fourier modes is dramatically reduced with an anisotropic generalization of a recently developed wave-number partitioning scheme. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. MAX PLANCK INST PLASMA PHYS,EURATOM ASSOC,D-85748 GARCHING,GERMANY. NR 44 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1997 VL 4 IS 11 BP 3895 EP 3909 DI 10.1063/1.872510 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA YF076 UT WOS:A1997YF07600014 ER PT J AU Shaing, KC Zarnstorff, MC AF Shaing, KC Zarnstorff, MC TI Effects of orbit squeezing on transport fluxes SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TOKAMAK PLASMAS; BOOTSTRAP CURRENT; BANANA REGIME; CONFINEMENT AB When the ratio mu(1)(i)/mu(1)(e) is of the order of unity, electron transport fluxes such as bootstrap current can be affected by the ion orbit squeezing. Here, mu(1)(e) is the electron viscous coefficient, and mu(1)(i) is the ion viscous coefficient with the effects of ion orbit squeezing included. The condition mu(1)(i)/mu(1)(e) similar to 1 can be satisfied for plasmas, such as those in enhanced reversed shear (ERS) mode, with ion temperature greater than electron temperature and orbit squeezing factor S much greater than 1. Transport fluxes for both standard squeezed banana orbits and for squeezed orbits close to the magnetic axis are calculated for a large aspect ratio tokamak. It is found that ion heat flux and bootstrap current are reduced in ERS-like plasmas. Furthermore, the bootstrap current density does not vanish on the magnetic axis for a parabolic pressure profile in minor radius r due to the finite value of the fraction of trapped particles. This makes it possible to operate tokamaks in steady state. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. RP Shaing, KC (reprint author), UNIV TEXAS,INST FUS STUDIES,AUSTIN,TX 78712, USA. NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1997 VL 4 IS 11 BP 3928 EP 3932 DI 10.1063/1.872513 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA YF076 UT WOS:A1997YF07600017 ER PT J AU Uzdensky, DA Kulsrud, RM AF Uzdensky, DA Kulsrud, RM TI Cusp and Y-type magnetic structures and velocity fields at the endpoint of the reconnection layer SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID CURRENT SHEETS; EQUILIBRIA AB The two-dimensional global scale magnetic field structure for a system of two merging cylindrical plasmas in a steady state is studied. In the limit of very large magnetic Reynolds numbers the reconnection process is slow, and the plasma almost everywhere finds itself in magnetostatic equilibrium. It is shown that under certain conditions the classical Syrovatskii-type Y-point configuration, with surface current concentrated only in the reconnection layer, is not possible. Instead, a cusp configuration is formed, with finite surface current in the separatrix. The equilibrium condition, together with constraints on the volume per flux, enables one to determine the shape of the separatrix and the magnetic field in the vicinity of the cusp point. The solution is characterized by a singular power law dependence of current density on the flux coordinate Psi near the separatrix: j(Psi)similar to\Psi\(-1/2). This solution gives the boundary conditions that are needed to find the flow in the reconnection and the separatrix regions. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON UNIV OBSERV,PRINCETON,NJ 08543. RP Uzdensky, DA (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1997 VL 4 IS 11 BP 3960 EP 3973 DI 10.1063/1.872538 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA YF076 UT WOS:A1997YF07600021 ER PT J AU Snyder, PB Hammett, GW Dorland, W AF Snyder, PB Hammett, GW Dorland, W TI Landau fluid models of collisionless magnetohydrodynamics SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID TOKAMAK TURBULENCE; SIMULATIONS; GYROFLUID; PLASMAS; DISSIPATION; EQUATIONS AB A closed set of fluid moment equations including models of kinetic Landau damping is developed which describes the evolution of collisionless plasmas in the magnetohydrodynamic parameter regime. The model is fully electromagnetic and describes the dynamics of both compressional and shear Alfven waves, as well as ion acoustic waves. The model allows for separate parallel and perpendicular pressures p(parallel to) and p(perpendicular to), and, unlike previous medals such as the Chew-Goldberger-Low, theory, correctly predicts the instability threshold for the mirror instability. Both a simple 3 +1 moment model and a more accurate 4+2 moment model are developed, and both could be useful for numerical simulations of astrophysical and fusion plasmas. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 UNIV TEXAS,INST FUS STUDIES,AUSTIN,TX 78712. RP Snyder, PB (reprint author), PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. RI Dorland, William/B-4403-2009; Hammett, Gregory/D-1365-2011 OI Dorland, William/0000-0003-2915-724X; Hammett, Gregory/0000-0003-1495-6647 NR 30 TC 127 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1997 VL 4 IS 11 BP 3974 EP 3985 DI 10.1063/1.872517 PG 12 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA YF076 UT WOS:A1997YF07600022 ER PT J AU Redi, MH White, RB Batha, SH Levinton, FM McCune, DC AF Redi, MH White, RB Batha, SH Levinton, FM McCune, DC TI Calculations of alpha particle loss for reversed magnetic shear in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID RIPPLE LOSS; CONFINEMENT; TFTR; PROSPECTS; JT-60U AB Hamiltonian coordinate, guiding center code calculations of the toroidal field ripple loss of alpha particles from a reversed shear plasma in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [Fusion Technol. 21, 1324 (1992)] predict 40% total alpha losses and 20% ripple diffusion losses. This is about double the loss rate of a comparable non-reversed magnetic shear plasma. High central q is found to increase alpha ripple losses as well as first orbit losses of alphas in the reversed shear simulations. Alpha ripple transport on TFTR affects ions within r/a = 0.5, not at the plasma edge. The entire plasma is above threshold for stochastic ripple loss of alpha particles at birth energy in the reversed shear case simulated, so that all trapped 3.5 MeV alphas sue lost stochastically or through prompt losses. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(97)04011-1]. RP Redi, MH (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08540, USA. RI White, Roscoe/D-1773-2013 OI White, Roscoe/0000-0002-4239-2685 NR 24 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1997 VL 4 IS 11 BP 4001 EP 4008 DI 10.1063/1.872519 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA YF076 UT WOS:A1997YF07600025 ER PT J AU Rettig, CL Peebles, WA Doyle, EJ Burrell, KH Greenfield, C Staebler, GM Rice, BW AF Rettig, CL Peebles, WA Doyle, EJ Burrell, KH Greenfield, C Staebler, GM Rice, BW TI Microturbulence reduction during negative central shear tokamak discharges SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID DIII-D TOKAMAK; ADIABATIC TOROIDAL COMPRESSOR; REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; L-H TRANSITION; DENSITY-FLUCTUATIONS; VH-MODE; CONFINEMENT; TURBULENCE; STABILITY AB Increased temperature, confinement, and fusion reactivity recently achieved during discharges in the DIII-D Tokamak [J. Luxon et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, 1986 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 159] with negative central magnetic shear (NCS) are accompanied by reduced core electrostatic microturbulence. Comparison of fluctuation characteristics between discharges with and without NCS reveals significant differences in the level and location of microturbulence. While the cause, or instability, for the microturbulence is not known, the reduction of the saturated level is consistent with models incorporating negative shear stabilization and turbulence stabilization by sheared EXB flow. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(97)00511-9]. C1 GEN ATOM CO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92186. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Rettig, CL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF LOS ANGELES,DEPT ELECT ENGN,LOS ANGELES,CA 90024, USA. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1997 VL 4 IS 11 BP 4009 EP 4016 DI 10.1063/1.872520 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA YF076 UT WOS:A1997YF07600026 ER PT J AU Hahm, TS AF Hahm, TS TI E x B shearing rate in quasisymmetric plasmas SO PHYSICS OF PLASMAS LA English DT Article ID REVERSED MAGNETIC SHEAR; RADIAL ELECTRIC-FIELD; H-MODE TRANSITION; TURBULENT FLUCTUATIONS; IMPROVED CONFINEMENT; POLOIDAL ROTATION; FLOW SHEAR; TOKAMAK; TRANSPORT; TFTR AB The suppression of turbulence by the EXB shear is studied in systems with quasisymmetry using the nonlinear analysis of eddy decorrelation previously utilized in finite aspect ratio tokamak plasmas [Phys. Plasmas 2, 1648 (1995)]. The analytically derived EXB shearing rate which contains the relevant geometric dependence can be used for quantitative assessment of the fluctuation suppression in stellarators with quasisymmetry. (C) 1997 American institute of Physics. [S1070-664X(97)02910-8]. RP Hahm, TS (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV, PRINCETON PLASMA PHYS LAB, POB 451, PRINCETON, NJ 08543 USA. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-664X J9 PHYS PLASMAS JI Phys. Plasmas PD NOV PY 1997 VL 4 IS 11 BP 4074 EP 4078 DI 10.1063/1.872527 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA YF076 UT WOS:A1997YF07600033 ER PT J AU Smirnov, BI Orlova, TS Kudymov, AN Lanagan, MT Chen, N Goretta, KC AF Smirnov, BI Orlova, TS Kudymov, AN Lanagan, MT Chen, N Goretta, KC TI Influence of experimental conditions on the electric field effect in the ceramic (BiPb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox SO PHYSICS OF THE SOLID STATE LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTORS AB An experimental study is reported of the influence of temperature (T), electric field polarity (+/-E), as well as of changes in the electrode/insulator/superconductor (E/I/S) measuring system on the field effect in the ceramic (BiPb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox. It has been established that at 77 K and for E greater than or equal to 60 MV/m the critical current I-c and conductivity of the sample increase for I>I-c, irrespective of the field polarity. For lower fields and a negative electrode potential the conductivity in an electric field may decrease. The field effect decreases with increasing temperature, to practically vanish near T-c where the sample is still in superconducting state. Experiments carried out with more complex systems E/I/M/I/S and E/I/M/S (M stands for a metallic foil) support the conclusion that it is the external electric field that is responsible for the observed effects. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Smirnov, BI (reprint author), RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,AF IOFFE PHYSICOTECH INST,ST PETERSBURG 194021,RUSSIA. RI Orlova, Tatiana/E-5877-2014 NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 1063-7834 J9 PHYS SOLID STATE+ JI Phys. Solid State PD NOV PY 1997 VL 39 IS 11 BP 1759 EP 1761 DI 10.1134/1.1130166 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YK549 UT WOS:A1997YK54900010 ER PT J AU Bennett, CL Turner, MS White, M AF Bennett, CL Turner, MS White, M TI The cosmic Rosetta stone SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Article ID COLD DARK-MATTER; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; BACKGROUND-RADIATION; PERTURBATIONS; FLUCTUATIONS C1 UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL. RP Bennett, CL (reprint author), NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,INFRARED ASTROPHYS BRANCH,GREENBELT,MD 20771, USA. RI White, Martin/I-3880-2015 OI White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070 NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD NOV PY 1997 VL 50 IS 11 BP 32 EP 38 DI 10.1063/1.881995 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YF769 UT WOS:A1997YF76900011 ER PT J AU Wigley, TML Santer, BD AF Wigley, TML Santer, BD TI Up with IPCC climate report; Down with per capita energy use SO PHYSICS TODAY LA English DT Letter C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA. RP Wigley, TML (reprint author), NATL CTR ATMOSPHER RES,POB 3000,BOULDER,CO 80307, USA. RI Wigley, Tom/B-4705-2008; Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0031-9228 J9 PHYS TODAY JI Phys. Today PD NOV PY 1997 VL 50 IS 11 BP 90 EP 91 DI 10.1063/1.882023 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YF769 UT WOS:A1997YF76900036 ER PT J AU Perkins, J AF Perkins, J TI Fusion energy: The agony, the ecstasy and the alternatives SO PHYSICS WORLD LA English DT Article RP Perkins, J (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,FUS ENERGY PROGRAMME,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0953-8585 J9 PHYS WORLD JI Phys. World PD NOV PY 1997 VL 10 IS 11 BP 15 EP 17 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YJ166 UT WOS:A1997YJ16600019 ER PT J AU Maurice, S Blanc, M Prange, R Sittler, EC AF Maurice, S Blanc, M Prange, R Sittler, EC TI The magnetic-field-aligned polarization electric field and its effects on particle distribution in the magnetospheres of Jupiter and Saturn SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IO PLASMA TORUS; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; JOVIAN MAGNETOSPHERE; VOYAGER SPACECRAFT; HOT PLASMA; MODEL; REGION; SHEET AB In the magnetospheres of Saturn and Jupiter, it is well known that, even in the absence of electric currents, a polarization electric field appears along field lines to tie together ions and electrons. The present study focuses on this parallel electric field (E-parallel to), the potential drop it implies across these magnetospheres, and its consequences on the mapping of the particle densities. We start from a general expression of this field, in terms of centrifugal, gravitational and mirror forces. We conduct simple numerical simulations for n-component plasmae, where we analyze the influence of different parameters on the plasma equilibrium: the plasma anisotropy, the mass and temperatures of all species and the field line geometry. We apply the equilibrium model to existing plasma distributions at Saturn and Jupiter. Typical potential drops between the ionosphere and the equator are similar to 30 Volts at Saturn and similar to 300 Volts at Jupiter. Effects of E-parallel to on the mapping of particle densities along field lines of Saturn's and Jupiter's magnetospheres are discussed in detail. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Astrophys Lab, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Univ Paris 11, CNRS, IAS, F-91405 Orsay, France. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. European Space Agcy, Estec, Dept Space Sci, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. Inst Astrophys, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Maurice, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space & Atmospher Sci Grp, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 45 IS 11 BP 1449 EP 1465 DI 10.1016/S0032-0633(97)00084-6 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA YU251 UT WOS:000071697400010 ER PT J AU Orbovic, V Poff, KL AF Orbovic, V Poff, KL TI Interaction of light and gravitropism with nutation of hypocotyls of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings SO PLANT GROWTH REGULATION LA English DT Article DE Arabidopsis thaliana; phototropism; gravitropism; nutation; video-imaging system AB Etiolated seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana nutated under conditions of physiological darkness while about ten percent of monitored individuals exhibited regular elliptical nutation, circumnutation. Pre-irradiation with red light prevented occurrence of circumnutation without having an effect on the average rate of the nutational movement. Phototropic response of seedlings to unilateral blue light appeared to be superimposed over nutation. Throughout gravitropism, some seedlings continued to exhibit nutation suggesting that these two processes are independently controlled. Based on these results, we suggest that nutation in Arabidopsis probably is not controlled by the mechanism predicted by the theory of gravitropic overshoots. C1 Michigan State Univ, DOE, Plant Res Lab, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Orbovic, V (reprint author), Inst Biol Res, 29 Novembra 142, YU-11060 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE-FG02-90-ER20021] NR 14 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6903 J9 PLANT GROWTH REGUL JI Plant Growth Regul. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 23 IS 3 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1023/A:1005853128971 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA YT058 UT WOS:000071559800002 PM 11541138 ER PT J AU Lee, JW Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Constantine, C Shul, RJ Hobson, WS AF Lee, JW Abernathy, CR Pearton, SJ Constantine, C Shul, RJ Hobson, WS TI Etching of Ga-based III-V semiconductors in inductively coupled Ar and CH4/H-2-based plasma chemistries SO PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON-RESONANCE; DENSITY; FIELD; DISCHARGES; UNIFORMITY; CH4/H2/AR; HELICON; ALGAAS AB We report results of a study on the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching of GaAs, AIGaAs, GaSb, and GaP in pure Ar, CH4/H-2/Ar and CH4/H-2/N-2 plasma chemistries. Etch rates of the semiconductors initially increase with ICP source power, reaching maxima around 1500-2000 A min(-1) with similar to 500-700 W ICP power, and then decrease with further increase of ICP power because of the decrease in cathode de self-bias. Etch rates increase at fixed ICP power with rf chuck power in the range of 100 W to 450 W, while they showed little dependence on the chamber pressure (2 mTorr-20 mTorr) in CH4/H-2/Ar discharges. We found that the do self-bias on the rf chuck decreased exponentially as ICP power increased, while it increased with rf chuck power and pressure in these plasma chemistries. A simple calculation of ion flux and etch yield based on de self-bias of the plasmas on the sample chuck was used to measure typical values of etch yield. In both ICP CH4/H-2/Ar and CH4/H-2/N-2 discharges these were close to the pure Ar sputter yield. C1 PLASMA THERM IP,ST PETERSBURG,FL 33716. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. LUCENT TECHNOL,BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RP Lee, JW (reprint author), UNIV FLORIDA,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,GAINESVILLE,FL 32611, USA. NR 25 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0963-0252 J9 PLASMA SOURCES SCI T JI Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 6 IS 4 BP 499 EP 507 DI 10.1088/0963-0252/6/4/007 PG 9 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA YK916 UT WOS:A1997YK91600006 ER PT J AU Tanbonliong, JO Prausnitz, JM AF Tanbonliong, JO Prausnitz, JM TI Vapour-liquid equilibria for some binary and ternary polymer solutions SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE vapour-liquid equilibria; gravimetric sorption; molecular thermodynamics ID SPHERE-CHAIN EQUATION; STATE; SYSTEMS; FLUIDS; PHASE; COPOLYMERS; SOLVENT; SEPARATION; DENSITY; BLENDS AB Vapour-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data for seven binary polymer + solvent systems and for one ternary polymer + mixed solvent system have been obtained using the gravimetric-sorption method at 50 degrees C. The binary polymer + solvent mixtures studied include polystyrene (PS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the random copolymer poly(styrene-co-50% methyl methacrylate) in acetone, methyl acetate and chloroform. Solvent absorption by the copolymer was in between those by PS and PMMA for chloroform, but it was less than those by either homopolymer for acetone and methyl acetate. A modification to the classic gravimetric-sorption technique was established for acquiring sorption data for polymer + mixed solvent systems. VLE data were obtained for polystyrene + chloroform + carbon tetrachloride. A perturbed hard-sphere chain (PHSC) equation of state was used to correlate binary and ternary VLE data. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV CHEM SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD NOV PY 1997 VL 38 IS 23 BP 5775 EP 5783 DI 10.1016/S0032-3861(97)00143-2 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA YA557 UT WOS:A1997YA55700009 ER PT J AU Smith, DH Powell, V Ahmadi, G Ibrahim, E AF Smith, DH Powell, V Ahmadi, G Ibrahim, E TI Analysis of operational filtration data .1. Ideal candle filter behavior SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE filtration; gas cleaning; candle filters; integrated gasification combined cycle technology AB Operating data for the hot-gas filtration system of the Integrated Gasification and Cleanup Facility (IGCF) at the Federal Energy Technology Center are carefully analyzed. A model for candle filters is developed and used to describe the ideal filtration process. The parameters of the model are evaluated with a least-square error fit procedure. It is shown that the model predicts the time variation of the pressure drop with reasonable accuracy. The model is used to evaluate the buildup of filter-cake thickness and the filter-cake permeability. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. RP Smith, DH (reprint author), US DOE,FED ENERGY TECHNOL CTR,POB 880,3610 COLLINS FERRY RD,MORGANTOWN,WV 26507, USA. NR 10 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0032-5910 J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 94 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/S0032-5910(97)03273-7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA YE567 UT WOS:A1997YE56700003 ER PT J AU Choquette, KD Hou, HQ AF Choquette, KD Hou, HQ TI Vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers: Moving from research to manufacturing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE materials processing; materials science and technology; optoelectronic devices; semiconductor device fabrication; semiconductor lasers ID DISTRIBUTED BRAGG REFLECTORS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; LOW-THRESHOLD; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SERIES RESISTANCE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; GAAS; PERFORMANCE; DIODES AB After more than a decade of research, vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL's) are making the transition into the manufacturing arena. We review unique VCSEL properties found in their structure, growth, fabrication, and performance, which have precipitated their commercial acceptance. The short optical cavity that is formed between two distributed Bragg reflector mirrors is a distinctive VCSEL attribute. The spectral alignment between the resonance of the optical cavity formed by these mirrors and the laser gain bandwidth is shown to influence the VCSEL performance. Thus, epitaxial VCSEL growth by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy aided by in situ reflectance monitoring is discussed with an emphasis on uniformity and reproducibility. We also describe the fabrication techniques and VCSEL structures used to obtain transverse electrical and optical confinement including etched air-post, ion-implanted, and selectively oxidized VCSEL's. For the latter, wet oxidation of AlGaAs to form buried-oxide apertures has enabled record laser performance such as ultralow threshold current and high efficiency. Numerous applications for VCSEL's have been identified that leverage their manufacturing and performance advantages. RP SANDIA NATL LABS, CTR COMPOUND SEMICOND SCI & TECH, POB 5800, ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87185 USA. NR 71 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 EI 1558-2256 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD NOV PY 1997 VL 85 IS 11 BP 1730 EP 1739 DI 10.1109/5.649649 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA YG524 UT WOS:A1997YG52400007 ER PT J AU Weiss, DE Johnson, WC Kensek, RP AF Weiss, DE Johnson, WC Kensek, RP TI Dose distributions in tubing irradiated by electron beam: Monte Carlo simulation and measurement SO RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Monte Carlo; simulation; electron beam; ACCEPT; integrated tiger series; ITS; depth/dose; tubing; dosimetry AB A set of nine tube sleeves was prepared by wrapping polyethylene film around a mandrel. Wall thicknesses ranged from a nominal 0.3 to 0.6 cm and diameters ranged from 2 to 5 cm. The sleeves were irradiated with a scanning 3 MeV electron beam and were dose-mapped by indexing and unwrapping the tube sleeves and measuring the dose by an FTIR spectroscopic technique. A Monte Carlo simulation model is also described which includes all important elements of 3-D geometry necessary to describe this experiment including window foil and beam scan angle. The simulation results were compared with the highly detailed dose distribution measurements in the tubing and the differences were found to be generally within 3 to 6 percent. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 3M Co, 3M Ctr, Corp Res Proc Technol Lab, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. Raychem Corp, Radiat Serv, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Simulat Technol Res Div, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Weiss, DE (reprint author), 3M Co, 3M Ctr, Corp Res Proc Technol Lab, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND J9 RADIAT PHYS CHEM JI Radiat. Phys. Chem. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 50 IS 5 BP 475 EP 485 DI 10.1016/S0969-806X(97)00057-1 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA YP663 UT WOS:000071301500010 ER PT J AU Moore, DH Tucker, JD Jones, IM Langlois, RG Pleshanov, P Vorobtsova, I Jensen, R AF Moore, DH Tucker, JD Jones, IM Langlois, RG Pleshanov, P Vorobtsova, I Jensen, R TI A study of the effects of exposure on cleanup workers at the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident using multiple end points SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HPRT-MUTANT FREQUENCY; IONIZING-RADIATION; T-LYMPHOCYTES; SOMATIC MUTATIONS; CLONING ASSAY; HUMANS; GLYCOPHORIN; EXCHANGES; QUANTIFY; LOCUS AB Blood samples were collected from 192 exposed workers who participated in the cleanup after the April 26, 1986, nuclear reactor accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine. These samples, together with samples from 73 individuals living in Russia but not involved in Chernobyl cleanup activities, were collected during September 1991 to May 1996 and shipped to the U.S. for evaluation by three bioassays: cytogenetic analysis based on chromosome painting, HPRT mutation analysis and glycophorin A (GPA) variant analysis. Univariate statistical analyses of the results of each bioassay (including adjustments for age, smoking status and estimated precision of the bioassay) found greater frequencies of chromosome translocations and HPRT mutant T lymphocytes among the exposed individuals compared to the controls (P less than or equal to 0.01). GPA analyses showed no significant difference for exposed compared to controls for either hemizygous, N/O, or homozygous, N/N, variant cell frequency. Multivariate analysis of variance of the subset of 44 exposed and 14 unexposed individuals with measurements from all three bioassays found elevated frequencies of chromosomal translocations and HPRT mutants, and reduced frequencies for both G-PA end points among the exposed persons compared to the controls. However, none of these differences, considered singly or in combination, was statistically significant (although statistical power is low due to small sample sizes). Mean estimated dose, based on cytogenetic response, for those exposed was 9 cGy (range 0 to 51 cGy) and was less than that estimated by physical dosimetry (25 cGy). Correlation between the end points of the bioassays and estimated physical dosimetry was low (r < 0.2); the only significant correlation found was for physical dose estimate and dates worked at Chernobyl (r = 0.4, P < 0.01), with those working soon after the accident receiving greater estimated doses. (C) 1997 by Radiation Research Society. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,DEPT EPIDEMIOL & BIOSTAT,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94115. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. MINIST HLTH,APPL ECOL RES LAB,MOSCOW,RUSSIA. MINIST HLTH,CENT RES INST ROENTGENOL & RADIOL,ST PETERSBURG,RUSSIA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,CTR CANC,DEPT LAB MED,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94115. RP Moore, DH (reprint author), CALIF PACIFIC MED CTR,RES INST,2330 CLAY ST,ROOM 201,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94115, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [P01 CA59431] NR 38 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 4 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 148 IS 5 BP 463 EP 475 DI 10.2307/3579324 PG 13 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YD707 UT WOS:A1997YD70700008 PM 9355872 ER PT J AU Albertini, RJ Clark, LS Nicklas, JA O'Neill, JP Hui, TE Jostes, R AF Albertini, RJ Clark, LS Nicklas, JA O'Neill, JP Hui, TE Jostes, R TI Radiation quality affects the efficiency of induction and the molecular spectrum of HPRT mutations in human T cells SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Radiation Damage and Biodosimetry CY SEP 09-10, 1996 CL CTR ADV SPACE STUDIES, HOUSTON, TEXAS HO CTR ADV SPACE STUDIES ID HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES-T; ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; MUTANT FREQUENCY; CIRCULATING LYMPHOCYTES; PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES; IONIZING-RADIATION; GAMMA-IRRADIATION; HUMAN-POPULATION; IN-VIVO; EXPOSURE AB Human T lymphocytes can be used to determine the frequency and molecular spectrum of somatic cell gene mutations induced by ionizing radiations both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro exposure of these G(0) cells to low-LET Cs-137 gamma rays results in the induction of HPRT mutations and a predominant molecular spectrum of DNA deletions and rearrangements, particularly total gene deletions (11-12%), Similar results are found in samples from humans exposed to low-LET radiation from I-131. The doubling dose for mutation induction is calculated to be 0.8 and 1.0 Gy from these exposures performed in vitro and in vivo, respectively, In vitro studies of the effects of high-LET radiation from exposure to Rn-222 also showed an induction of HPRT mutations, with a doubling dose of approximately 0.2 Gy. With this radiation, the predominant mutations were small partial deletions, with less than 2% total gene deletions. Studies of humans exposed to high-LET radiation from Pu-239 showed an increased HPRT mutant frequency for the group, although no significant dosimetry could be defined. In contrast to the humans exposed to I-131, no increase in the frequency of total gene deletions was found. This is consistent with the results for Rn-222 in vitro. The available data show that radiation quality affects both the efficiency of induction and the molecular spectrum of HPRT mutations in human T lymphocytes both in vitro and in vivo. The mutational spectrum may be relatively specific for radiations of different quality and thus allow a more precise measurement of the induction of somatic gene mutations resulting from individual exposures to radiation, and thereby provide more sensitive assessments of health risks. (C) 1997 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Univ Vermont, Genet Lab, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Albertini, RJ (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Genet Lab, 32 N Prospect St, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 148 IS 5 SU S BP S76 EP S86 DI 10.2307/3579720 PG 11 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YU196 UT WOS:000071691900012 PM 9355860 ER PT J AU Braby, LA Brooks, AL Metting, NF AF Braby, LA Brooks, AL Metting, NF TI Cellular effects of individual high-linear energy transfer particles and implications for tissue response at low doses SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Radiation Damage and Biodosimetry CY SEP 09-10, 1996 CL CTR ADV SPACE STUDIES, HOUSTON, TEXAS HO CTR ADV SPACE STUDIES ID MAMMALIAN-CELLS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; EXPRESSION AB The energy deposition patterns produced by the radiation environment in space can be quite different from those in conventional radiation environments. Furthermore, conventional radiation biological experiments, using randomly distributed particle tracks, cannot access some variables which may be important in determining the health effects of irradiation. Controlled microbeam irradiation provides the means to investigate the effects and unique energy deposition patterns and cell environment for a variety of end points. (C) 1997 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Braby, LA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Nucl Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 148 IS 5 SU S BP S108 EP S114 DI 10.2307/3579724 PG 7 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YU196 UT WOS:000071691900016 PM 9355864 ER PT J AU Chen, AM Lucas, JN Simpson, PJ Griffin, CS Savage, JRK Brenner, DJ Hlatky, LR Sachs, RK AF Chen, AM Lucas, JN Simpson, PJ Griffin, CS Savage, JRK Brenner, DJ Hlatky, LR Sachs, RK TI Computer simulation of data on chromosome aberrations produced by X rays or alpha particles and detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Radiation Damage and Biodosimetry CY SEP 09-10, 1996 CL CTR ADV SPACE STUDIES, HOUSTON, TEXAS HO CTR ADV SPACE STUDIES ID DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; IONIZING-RADIATION; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; STRUCTURAL-ABERRATIONS; EXCHANGE FORMATION; DAMAGE; REPAIR; FREQUENCY; FISH AB With fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), many different categories of chromosome aberrations can be recognized-dicentrics, translocations, rings and various complex aberrations such as insertions or three-way interchanges. Relative frequencies for the various aberration categories indicate mechanisms of radiation-induced damage and reflect radiation quality. Data obtained with FISH support a proximity version of the classic random breakage-and-reunion model for the formation of aberrations. A Monte Carlo computer implementation of the model, called the CAS (chromosome aberration simulator), is generalized here to high linear energy transfer (LET) and compared to published data for human cells irradiated with X rays or Pu-238 alpha particles. For each kind of radiation, the CAS has two adjustable parameters: the number of interaction sites per cell nucleus and the number of reactive double-strand breaks (DSBs) per gray. Aberration frequencies for various painted chromosomes, of varying lengths, and for 11 different categories of simple or complex aberrations were simulated and compared to the data. The optimal number of interaction sites was found to be similar to 13 for X irradiation and similar to 25 for alpha-particle irradiation. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of alpha particles for the induction of reactive DSBs (which are a minority of all DSBs) was found to be similar to 4. The two-parameter CAS model adequately matches data for many different categories of aberrations. It can use data obtained with FISH for any one painting pattern to predict results for any other kind of painting pattern or whole-genome staining, and to estimate a suggested overall numerical damage indicator for chromosome aberration studies, the total misrejoining number. (C) 1997 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. MRC, Radiat & Genome Stabil Unit, Didcot OX11 0RD, Oxon, England. Columbia Univ, Ctr Radiol Res, New York, NY 10032 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Joint Ctr Radiat Therapy, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Sachs, RK (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Math, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 63897-03]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07361] NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 148 IS 5 SU S BP S93 EP S101 DI 10.2307/3579722 PG 9 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YU196 UT WOS:000071691900014 PM 9355862 ER PT J AU Lucas, JN AF Lucas, JN TI Dose reconstruction for individuals exposed to ionizing radiation using chromosome painting SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Radiation Damage and Biodosimetry CY SEP 09-10, 1996 CL CTR ADV SPACE STUDIES, HOUSTON, TEXAS HO CTR ADV SPACE STUDIES ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; RHESUS-MONKEYS; TRANSLOCATIONS; FREQUENCY; PRIMATES; PROBES AB To be most useful, a biomarker for dose reconstruction should employ an end point that is highly quantitative, stable with time and easily measured. Reciprocal translocations have been shown to be a promising biomarker that is linked to both prior exposure and risk, and they can be measured easily and quantitatively using fluorescence in situ hybridization. In contrast to other biomarkers that are available, the frequency of reciprocal translocations in individuals exposed to whole-body radiation is stable with time after exposure, has rather small interindividual variability and can be measured accurately at low levels of exposure. Results from recent studies demonstrate that measurements of reciprocal translocation frequencies, facilitated by chromosome painting, can be used to reconstruct radiation dose for individuals exposed in the distant past. (C) 1997 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Lucas, JN (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 24 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 148 IS 5 SU S BP S33 EP S38 DI 10.2307/3579714 PG 6 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YU196 UT WOS:000071691900006 PM 9355854 ER PT J AU Straume, T Bender, MA AF Straume, T Bender, MA TI Issues in cytogenetic biological dosimetry: Emphasis on radiation environments in space SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Space Radiation Damage and Biodosimetry CY SEP 09-10, 1996 CL CTR ADV SPACE STUDIES, HOUSTON, TEXAS HO CTR ADV SPACE STUDIES ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; CHROMATID EXCHANGE FREQUENCIES; HUMAN-POPULATION SAMPLE; CO-60 GAMMA-RAYS; CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; TRANSLOCATIONS; EXPOSURE; BIODOSIMETRY; IRRADIATION AB Issues central to the reliability of cytogenetic biodosimetry are presented. Although it now appears that cytogenetic biodosimetry can be used reliably to reconstruct radiation dose after acute, uniform whole-body exposure (albeit within certain dose ranges), additional data are required to fully validate cytogenetic biodosimetry for the protracted and complex exposure conditions in space, Approaches are presented that could be used to obtain the data necessary for validation, It also appears that the use of dicentric aberrations for biodosimetry on missions lasting several months or more may not be reliable because of the large variability observed among individuals in the rate of loss of cells with dicentrics, making back-extrapolations uncertain. This may be testable, however, by comparing the results for dicentrics and translocations obtained by biodosimetry with the radiation dosimetry obtained on board the spacecraft, In addition to these and several other issues, estimates are provided of the current limitations of detection of dicentrics and reciprocal translocations. (C) 1997 by Radiation Research Society. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Hlth & Ecol Assessment Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Med, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Straume, T (reprint author), Univ Utah, Div Radiobiol, 40 N 2030 E Front, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 52 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 148 IS 5 SU S BP S60 EP S70 DI 10.2307/3579718 PG 11 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YU196 UT WOS:000071691900010 PM 9355858 ER PT J AU Yang, TC Lucas, JN AF Yang, TC Lucas, JN TI Introduction SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Div Med Sci, Radiat Biophys Lab, Houston, TX 77058 USA. Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Div Med Sci, Radiat Biophys Lab, Houston, TX 77058 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 2021 SPRING RD, STE 600, OAK BROOK, IL 60521 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 148 IS 5 SU S BP S1 EP S2 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA YU196 UT WOS:000071691900001 ER PT J AU Johnson, PD AF Johnson, PD TI Spin-polarized photoemission SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; CORE-LEVEL PHOTOEMISSION; QUANTUM-WELL STATES; MAGNETIC CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; RAY-PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-BAND DISPERSIONS; SPLIT ELECTRONIC STATES; THIN-FILM MAGNETISM; FE 3P PHOTOEMISSION AB Spin-polarized photoemission has developed into a versatile tool for the study of surface and thin film magnetism. In this review, we examine the methodology of the technique and its application to a number of different problems, including both valence band and core level studies. After a detailed review of spin-polarization measurement techniques and the related experimental requirements we consider in detail studies of the bulk properties both above and below the Curie temperature. This section also includes a discussion of observations relating to unique metastable phases obtained via epitaxial growth. The application of the technique to the study of surfaces, both clean and adsorbate covered, is reviewed. The report then examines, in detail, studies of the spin-polarized electronic structure of thin films and the related interfacial magnetism. Finally, observations of spin-polarized quantum well states in non-magnetic thin films are discussed with particular reference to their mediation of the oscillatory exchange coupling in related magnetic multilayers. RP Johnson, PD (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,NEW YORK,NY 11973, USA. NR 315 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0034-4885 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 60 IS 11 BP 1217 EP 1304 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/60/11/002 PG 88 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YH824 UT WOS:A1997YH82400002 ER PT J AU Pecharsky, VK Moorman, JO Gschneidner, KA AF Pecharsky, VK Moorman, JO Gschneidner, KA TI A 3-350 K fast automatic small sample calorimeter SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE AB A description of a fully automated calorimeter for rapid measuring the heat capacity of solids in the temperature region from similar to 3 to similar to 350 K and in magnetic fields from 0 to 10 T is given. A comprehensive mathematical analysis of the semiadiabatic heat pulse technique for heat capacity measurements on solid materials resulted in the development of the necessary formal algorithms for the complete automatization of the data collection process. Simultaneously a procedure for the on-line evaluation of uncertainties in the measured heat capacity data is developed. An approach which eliminates the need for a separate temperature sensor(s) attached to an adiabatic heat shield(s) used to maintain semiadiabatic conditions during heat pulse heat capacity measurements has been proposed and tested. The sensorless technique provides reliable control of the heat transfer inside a vacuum chamber and results in accurate heat capacity data. The calibration results show that the heat capacity can be measured with an average accuracy better than 1% on small samples (similar to 1 g) over the whole temperature region. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S0034-6748(97)02011-X]. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,AMES,IA 50011. RP Pecharsky, VK (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 17 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 68 IS 11 BP 4196 EP 4207 DI 10.1063/1.1148367 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA YG093 UT WOS:A1997YG09300038 ER PT J AU Dean, DJ AF Dean, DJ TI Shell model Monte Carlo studies of nuclei SO REVISTA MEXICANA DE FISICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XX Symposium on Nuclear Physics CY JAN 06-09, 1997 CL OAXTEPEC, MEXICO SP Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Nucl, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Fis, Inst Politecnico Nacl, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Inst Nacl Invest Nucl, Soc Mexicana Fis, Consejo Nacl Ciencia & Tecnologia, Ctr Latinoamer Fis ID FE-54 AB The pair content and structure of nuclei near N = Z are described in the framework of shell-model Monte Carlo (SMMC) calculations. Results include the enhancement of J = 0, T = 1 proton-neutron pairing at N = Z nuclei, and the marked difference of thermal properties between even-even and odd-odd N = Z nuclei. Additionally I present a study of the rotational properties of the T = 1 (ground state), and T = 0 band mixing seen in Rb-74. RP Dean, DJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Dean, David/0000-0002-5688-703X NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOCIEDAD MEXICANA DE FISICA PI COYOACAN PA APARTADO POSTAL 70-348, COYOACAN 04511, MEXICO SN 0035-001X J9 REV MEX FIS JI Rev. Mex. Fis. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 43 SU 1 BP 58 EP 68 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YG742 UT WOS:A1997YG74200010 ER PT J AU Rasolofosaon, P Zinszner, B Johnson, PA AF Rasolofosaon, P Zinszner, B Johnson, PA TI Propagation of elastic waves in nonlinear materials - Survey of laboratory results on rock and geophysical applications SO REVUE DE L INSTITUT FRANCAIS DU PETROLE LA French DT Article ID BEREA SANDSTONE AB A general and important characteristic of rocks is their elastically nonlinear behavior resulting in significant effects on wave propagation. The nonlinear response of rock is a direct consequence of the compliant nature of rock: the macro-and micro-structure of the material (microcracks, grain-to-grain contacts, etc.). As a result, the material modulus varies as a function of the applied pressure. Interest has grown significantly in the last several years, as illustrated by the increasing number of publications regarding this topic. Here we present a summary of the fundamentals of theory and of experimental observations characteristic of rock, and we address possible applications in geophysics. Two disciplines regarding the nonlinear elasticity of rock have been developed over recent years in tandem: Acoustoelasticity where wave propagation in statically, prestressed materials is studied. Here one relates the variation in applied pressure to the elastic wavespeed in order to extract the nonlinear coefficients. This area of study includes the topic of stress-induced anisotropy. Acoustic nonlinearity where we are interested in the temporary and local variation in the elastic modulus due to the passage of an elastic wave through the material. Wave distortion due to local nonlinear response includes the appearance of wave harmonics and wave-wave interactions that result in sum and difference frequency waves. These effects cannot be explained within the framework of linear acoustics and linear elasticity. Potential applications to seismic petroleum exploration and imaging using conventional tools and methods seem remote at this point. For example, nonlinear wave mixing in order to produce a directed wave at the difference frequency between two waves (termed a Parametric Array in acoustics) has proven to be difficult. We believe this to be especially true at deeper and deeper depths due to the reduction in nonlinear response as a function of overburden. At the same time, we note that wave mixing and the development of other frequencies presents an advantage in detection due to the fact that one can detect waves at controlled frequencies far outside the band of the source wave spectra(um). Furthermore, there is no question that under laboratory or near surface conditions, nonlinear applications show significant promise in the near term. In fact, a surprising aspect of nonlinear research is that, to our knowledge, applications have not been developed in obvious areas such as in civil engineering or in mining applications. Judging from the large number of recent patents applied for, and granted to, the well-logging companies, research in this area will continue to grow. C1 Inst Francais Petr, F-92852 Rueil Malmaison, France. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rasolofosaon, P (reprint author), Inst Francais Petr, 1 & 4 Ave Bois Preau, F-92852 Rueil Malmaison, France. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU EDITIONS TECHNIP PI PARIS 15 PA 27 RUE GINOUX, 75737 PARIS 15, FRANCE SN 0020-2274 J9 REV I FR PETROL JI Rev. Inst. Fr. Pet. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 52 IS 6 BP 585 EP 608 PG 24 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YU769 UT WOS:000071752300002 ER PT J AU Grant, SA Glass, RS AF Grant, SA Glass, RS TI A sol-gel based fiber optic sensor for local blood pH measurements SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE pH sensors; sol-gel; fluorescence; in vitro ID EVANESCENT-WAVE; FLUORESCENCE; IMMOBILIZATION; GLASSES; PROBES; DYE AB This paper describes a fiber optic pH sensor based upon sol-gel encapsulation of a self-referencing dye, seminaphthorhodamine-1 carboxylate (SNARF-1C). The simple sol-gel fabrication procedure is ideal for encapsulation and immobilization of dye molecules onto the end of an optical fiber. A miniature bench-top fluorimeter system was developed for use with the optical fiber to obtain pH measurements. Linear and reproducible responses were obtained in human blood in the pH range 6.8-8.0, which encompasses the clinically-relevant range. The sensor was also shown to have low coating leachability. This sensor will be used as part of an array of sensors being developed to monitor stroke patients. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Grant, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Mat Sci Directorate, L-352,7000 E Ave, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 27 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(97)00263-3 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA YV373 UT WOS:000071816300005 ER PT J AU Yang, X Shi, J Johnson, S Swanson, B AF Yang, X Shi, J Johnson, S Swanson, B TI Molecular host siloxane thin films for surface acoustic wave chemical sensors SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL LA English DT Article DE chemical sensors; molecular recognition; cyclodextrin; siloxane ID CYCLODEXTRIN INCLUSION COMPLEXES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MICROSENSORS; RECOGNITION; TOPOGRAPHY; CHEMISTRY; COATINGS; DEVICES; VAPORS AB Cyclodextrin siloxane coatings on surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices have been studied as sensors for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The in-situ formation of cyclodextrin siloxane multilayer thin films efficiently yield uniform coatings on SAW devices. The incorporation of molecular host reagents (cyclodextins and their derivatives) into thin films greatly enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of SAW sensors. The identification of VOCs based on SAW sensor arrays is discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science SA. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Los Alamos Natl Lab, CST 1,MS J565, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 24 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-4005 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT B-CHEM JI Sens. Actuator B-Chem. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 45 IS 1 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1016/S0925-4005(97)00273-6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA YV373 UT WOS:000071816300011 ER PT J AU Phillips, C Stein, C Wein, J AF Phillips, C Stein, C Wein, J TI Task scheduling in networks SO SIAM JOURNAL ON DISCRETE MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE scheduling; approximation algorithm; NP-completeness; networks ID APPROXIMATION ALGORITHMS; TIME AB Scheduling a set of tasks on a set of machines so as to yield an efficient schedule is a basic problem in computer science and operations research. Most of the research on this problem incorporates the potentially unrealistic assumption that communication between the different machines is instantaneous. In this paper we remove this assumption and study the problem of network scheduling, where each job originates at some node of a network, and in order to be processed at another node must take the time to travel through the network to that node. Our main contribution is to give approximation algorithms and hardness proofs for fully general forms of the fundamental problems in network scheduling. We consider two basic scheduling objectives: minimizing the makespan and minimizing the average completion time. For the makespan, we prove small constant factor hardness-to-approximate and approximation results. For the average completion time, we give a log-squared approximation algorithm for the most general form of the problem. The techniques used in this approximation are fairly general and have several other applications. For example, we give the first nontrivial approximation algorithm to minimize the average weighted completion time of a set of jobs on related or unrelated machines, with or without a network. C1 DARTMOUTH COLL,DEPT COMP SCI,HANOVER,NH. POLYTECH INST NEW YORK,DEPT COMP SCI,BROOKLYN,NY 11201. RP Phillips, C (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 SN 0895-4801 J9 SIAM J DISCRETE MATH JI SIAM Discret. Math. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 10 IS 4 BP 573 EP 598 DI 10.1137/S0895480194279057 PG 26 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA YE255 UT WOS:A1997YE25500004 ER PT J AU Mummey, DL Smith, JL Bolton, H AF Mummey, DL Smith, JL Bolton, H TI Small-scale spatial and temporal variability of N2O flux from a shrub-steppe ecosystem SO SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC TRACE GASES; SOIL MICROBIAL BIOMASS; SEMI-DESERT ECOSYSTEMS; NITROUS-OXIDE FLUX; DRY SOIL; DENITRIFICATION; MINERALIZATION; PATTERNS; EMISSIONS; LANDSCAPE AB Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a trace greenhouse gas that catalyses ozone destruction. It is also the major gaseous loss of N from the N-limited shrub-steppe ecosystem. We examined the spatial and temporal flux of N2O from small plots in an undisturbed shrub-steppe ecosystem having spatially heterogeneous plant cover. The N2O Aux from the soil surface and NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations were measured periodically over 1 y from 44 points in 2.4 m(2) plots centered on individual Artemisia tridentata shrubs. Positive N2O flux occurred from March to October, with no detectable flux during the winter months. The spatial (plot) variability of N2O flux ranged from 23 to 130%, with lower variability as soil moisture increased. Temporal variability (March to October) was 171%, but decreased to 77% when calculated without the August sampling date. The measured N2O dux correlated positively with microbial activity (CO2 production), with moisture when the soil was fairly wet and usually with NO3-N concentrations. After a precipitation event on to dry soil, there was a pulse of N mineralization and N2O flux, which strongly correlated with proximity to vegetation. The estimated N2O flux occurring within 48 h after warm season precipitation events accounted for 20% of the total annual N2O flux from this ecosystem. Thus, small-scale spatial and short-term temporal variations can significantly affect annual estimates of ecosystem N2O flux and, thus, gaseous N loss from semi-arid ecosystems. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Environm Microbiol Grp, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Smith, JL (reprint author), Washington State Univ, USDA ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM jlsmith@mail.wsu.edu RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011 NR 32 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-0717 J9 SOIL BIOL BIOCHEM JI Soil Biol. Biochem. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 29 IS 11-12 BP 1699 EP 1706 DI 10.1016/S0038-0717(97)00077-1 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YM961 UT WOS:000071119200012 ER PT J AU Oostrom, M Hofstee, C Dane, JH AF Oostrom, M Hofstee, C Dane, JH TI Light nonaqueous-phase liquid movement in a variably saturated sand SO SOIL SCIENCE SOCIETY OF AMERICA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GOVERNING MULTIPHASE FLOW; POROUS-MEDIA; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; MODEL SIMULATIONS; LNAPL SPILL; TRANSPORT; VERIFICATION; SOIL AB Numerical simulations with the multifluid flow simulator STOMP are compared with quantitative results of a detailed lighter-than-water nonaqueous-phase liquid (LNAPL) infiltration and redistribution experiment in a 1.67-m-long, 1-m-high, and 0.05-m-wide flow cell, The experiment was performed to test the ability of commonly used nonhysteretic and hysteretic constitutive relations between relative permeability (k), fluid saturation (S), and capillary pressure head (h) to describe multifluid flow in two dimensions. The fluid and sand parameters necessary to apply the constitutive relations were obtained independently, The flow cell was filled with a homogeneous sand mixture under saturated conditions, After partial drainage of the sand, the LNAPL was slowly injected for 12 h from a small source area located at the surface, A dual-energy gamma radiation system was used to determine LNAPL and water saturations at 255 locations during infiltration and redistribution, The results show a reasonable match between the experimental and numerical data, indicating that the constitutive relations used are adequate to describe relatively slow LNAPL infiltration and redistribution, The differences between the nonhysteretic and hysteretic simulations are small. This implies that hysteresis, a result of nonwetting fluid entrapment and pore geometry, was not important in this experiment. C1 AUBURN UNIV, DEPT AGRON & SOILS, AUBURN, AL 36849 USA. RP Oostrom, M (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM TECHNOL DIV, POB 999 MS K9-33, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 43 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOIL SCI SOC AMER PI MADISON PA 677 SOUTH SEGOE ROAD, MADISON, WI 53711 SN 0361-5995 J9 SOIL SCI SOC AM J JI Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 61 IS 6 BP 1547 EP 1554 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA YK301 UT WOS:A1997YK30100002 ER PT J AU Ruby, DS Fleddermann, CB Roy, M Narayanan, S AF Ruby, DS Fleddermann, CB Roy, M Narayanan, S TI Self-aligned selective-emitter plasma-etchback and passivation process for screen-printed silicon solar cells SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE multicrystalline-silicon; plasma deposition; etching processes AB We studied whether plasma-etching techniques can use standard screen-printed gridlines as etch masks to form self-aligned, patterned-emitter profiles on multicrystalline-silicon (mc-Si) cells from Solarex. We conducted an investigation of plasma deposition and etching processes on full-size mc-Si cells processed in commercial production lines, so that any improvements obtained would be immediately relevant to the PV industry. This investigation determined that reactive ion etching (RIE) is compatible with using standard, commercial, screen-printed gridlines as etch masks to form self-aligned, selectively doped emitter profiles. This process results in reduced gridline contact resistance when followed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) treatments, an undamaged emitter surface easily passivated by plasma-nitride, and a less heavily doped emitter between gridlines for reduced emitter recombination, This allows for heavier doping beneath the gridlines for even lower contact resistance, reduced contact recombination, and better bulk defect gettering. Our initial results found a statistically significant improvement of about half an absolute percentage point in cell efficiency when the self-aligned emitter etchback was combined with a PECVD-nitride surface passivation treatment. Some additional improvement in bulk diffusion length was observed when a hydrogen passivation treatment was used in the process. We attempted to gain additional benefits from using an extra-heavy phosphorus emitter diffusion before the gridlines were deposited, However, this required a higher plasma-etch power to etch back the deeper diffusion and keep the etch time reasonably short. The higher power etch may have damaged the surface and the gridlines so that improvement due to surface passivation and reduced gridline contact resistance was inhibited. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. SOLAREX CORP,FREDERICK,MD 21701. RP Ruby, DS (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 7 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD NOV PY 1997 VL 48 IS 1-4 BP 255 EP 260 DI 10.1016/S0927-0248(97)00108-6 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA YE256 UT WOS:A1997YE25600031 ER PT J AU Ahuja, R Auluck, S Eriksson, O Wills, JM Johansson, B AF Ahuja, R Auluck, S Eriksson, O Wills, JM Johansson, B TI Electronic and optical properties of InP SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE semiconductors; electronic band structure; optical properties ID EXCHANGE-CORRELATION POTENTIALS; SELF-INTERACTION-CORRECTION; LOCAL-DENSITY APPROXIMATION; ENERGY-BANDS; FUNCTIONAL THEORY; BRILLOUIN-ZONE; SPECIAL POINTS; SEMICONDUCTORS; GAP; SI AB We have calculated the band structure and dielectric function of InP by means of an accurate first-principles method using the full potential linear muffin-tin orbital method (FPLMTO). Our calculated dielectric functions is compared with the recent data of Herzinger et al. [J. Appl. Phys., 77, 1995, 1715]. The calculated dielectric function is in good agreement with the recent data. The calculated band gap is smaller by about 0.7 eV in comparison with experimental gap. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV ROORKEE, DEPT PHYS, ROORKEE 247667, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV THEORET, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RP UNIV UPPSALA, DEPT PHYS, CONDENSED MATTER THEORY GRP, BOX 530, S-75121 UPPSALA, SWEDEN. RI Eriksson, Olle/E-3265-2014 OI Eriksson, Olle/0000-0001-5111-1374 NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0038-1098 EI 1879-2766 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 104 IS 5 BP 249 EP 252 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(97)00287-1 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YB556 UT WOS:A1997YB55600001 ER PT J AU Mizel, A Cohen, ML AF Mizel, A Cohen, ML TI Electronic transitions in InAs nanocrystals using Wannier function method SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID CDSE QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR CLUSTERS; PSEUDOPOTENTIAL CALCULATIONS; OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; CRYSTALLITES; NANOCLUSTERS; SPECTRA; ENERGY; STATE AB A Wannier function method is employed to compute electronic transitions in InAs nanocrystals. Our calculations agree well with experimental results, in contrast to the predictions of multiband k.p theory. This success results from our accurate treatment of the bulk band structure. We also predict the energies of higher electronic transitions. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Mizel, A (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 104 IS 7 BP 401 EP 405 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(97)00339-6 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YD115 UT WOS:A1997YD11500006 ER PT J AU Ju, HL Krishnan, KM AF Ju, HL Krishnan, KM TI Effect of vacuum annealing on oxygen stoichiometry and resistivity of sol-gel derived La0.7Sr0.3MnO3-delta films SO SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE magnetically ordered materials; electronic transport ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; DEFECT CHEMISTRY; LAMNO3+/-DELTA AB We have studied the dependence of the resistivity and magnetoresistance (MR) of epitaxial (0 0 1) La0.7Sr0.3MnO3-delta/(0 0 1) LaAlO3 firms on controlled vacuum annealing. First, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3-delta films grown by sol-gel process were annealed at O-2 (1 atm. oxygen)/1170 K/1 h (we call this as-prepared films); subsequently, these as-prepared films were annealed in vacuum (similar to 10(-6) torr/2 h) at different temperatures, i.e. 720 K, 770 K, 820 K, 920 K, to systematically reduce the oxygen stoichiometry. The resistivity increases systematically with increasing annealing temperature in accord with oxygen content variation. The resistivity shows a metallic behavior (as-prepared films), metal-insulator transitions (films annealed at 720 K, 770 K) and an insulating behavior (firms annealed at 820 K, 920 K). Significant MR is observed predominantly near the resistivity peak for the metallic films and at low temperature for the insulating films. These observations demonstrate that the oxygen content, the resistivity and MR behavior of manganese oxides are precisely controllable via vacuum annealing. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Ju, HL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0038-1098 J9 SOLID STATE COMMUN JI Solid State Commun. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 104 IS 7 BP 419 EP 423 DI 10.1016/S0038-1098(97)00340-2 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YD115 UT WOS:A1997YD11500009 ER PT J AU Hilbrandt, N Wasserman, SR Martin, M AF Hilbrandt, N Wasserman, SR Martin, M TI Ex situ and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy: On the kinetics of precipitation formation in (Mg1-xCux)O SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth International Symposium on the Reactivity of Solids CY SEP 08-12, 1996 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Behorde Wissensch & Forsch, Hamburg, C Boysen, Hamburg, Deut Forschungsgemein, Bonn, DMT Gesell Forsch & Prufung mbH, Essen, Fonds Chem Ind, Frankfurt, Hoeschst AG, Frankfurt, Mercedes Benz AG, Stuttgart, Netzsch, Selb, Anton Paar GmbH, Graz, Philips, Kassel, Setaram, Dreieich, Tchibo Frischrost GmbH, Hamburg, Univ Hamburg DE X-ray absorption spectroscopy; precipitation formation; reduction kinetics; copper doped magnesium oxide ID INTERNAL REDUCTION; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; OXIDATION; EXAFS; (MG AB Motivated by an ex situ TEM-investigation on the internal reduction of (Mg1-xCux)O [1], we have performed a XAS analysis on the precipitation formation in (Mg1-xCux)O after exposing the specimen to a(O2) = 6x10(-12) for several hours. As the reduction rate is slow, a detailed characterisation of the reaction path was elaborated for absorption measurements on quenched samples. In addition, a series of spectra was recorded applying the in situ XAS technique at the copper K-edge. The changes e.g. in the XANES region correspond well to those observed on the quenched specimens. C1 TH Darmstadt, Inst Phys Chem Elektrochem, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Hilbrandt, N (reprint author), TH Darmstadt, Inst Phys Chem Elektrochem, Petersenstr 20, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. OI Martin, Manfred/0000-0001-9046-050X NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 101 BP 431 EP 435 PN 1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA YM103 UT WOS:000071028700065 ER PT J AU Kremenovic, A Norby, P Dimitrijevic, R Dondur, V AF Kremenovic, A Norby, P Dimitrijevic, R Dondur, V TI Time-temperature resolved synchrotron XRPD study of the hexacelsian alpha <->beta polymorph inversion SO SOLID STATE IONICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIIIth International Symposium on the Reactivity of Solids CY SEP 08-12, 1996 CL HAMBURG, GERMANY SP Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Behorde Wissensch & Forsch, Hamburg, C Boysen, Hamburg, Deut Forschungsgemein, Bonn, DMT Gesell Forsch & Prufung mbH, Essen, Fonds Chem Ind, Frankfurt, Hoeschst AG, Frankfurt, Mercedes Benz AG, Stuttgart, Netzsch, Selb, Anton Paar GmbH, Graz, Philips, Kassel, Setaram, Dreieich, Tchibo Frischrost GmbH, Hamburg, Univ Hamburg DE hexacelsian; order-disorder; crystal structure; synchrotron radiation; zeolite; Phase transformation ID THERMAL TRANSFORMATION; ZEOLITE FRAMEWORK; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; END-MEMBER; ANA TYPE; REFINEMENT AB Stoichiometric alpha-hexacelsian(LTA) and non-stoichiometric alpha-hexacelsian(FAU) phases were synthesized by the method of high-temperature induced transformation of Ba-exchanged LTA and FAU zeolites. The unit cell thermal expansion properties were followed using synchrotron X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) data in the temperature range between 25 degrees C and 700 degrees C. Both samples exhibit normal thermal behavior with all unit cell axes expanding upon heating. The expansion properties of the unit cell volumes are similar in the temperature range between 25 degrees C and 325 degrees C. At 325 degrees C the unit cell volume of the alpha-hexacelsian(LTA) phase increases. This is caused by structural inversion to the beta-hexacelsian(LTA) phase. The thermal expansion of the unit cell of the alpha-hexacelsian(FAU) phase does not show any discontinuities. The distinct unit cell volume properties observed upon heating at 325 degrees C, are consistent with results of DSC measurements of alpha-hexacelsian(LTA) and alpha-hexacelsian(LTA) samples. The crystal structures of the alpha- (at 25 degrees C) and beta-forms (at 362 degrees C) of Si, Al ordered hexacelsian(LTA) and disordered hexacelsian(FAU) phases, were refined in the trigonal space group P-3 (147), from synchrotron XRPD data by the Rietveld method. These structures were refined with agreement factors: R-wp = 6.19, R-p = 4.29, R-Bragg = 6.68 for alpha-hexacelsian(LTA); R-wp = 5.11, R-p = 3.53, R-Bragg = 5.42 for alpha-hexacelsian(FAU); R-wp = 7.02, R-p = 4.98,R-Bragg = 6.48 for beta-hexacelsian(LTA); and R-wp = 5.05, R-p = 3.58, R-Bragg = 4.50 for beta-hexacelsian(FAU), respectively. C1 Univ Belgrade, Fac Min & Geol, YU-11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Belgrade, Fac Phys Chem, YU-11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. RP Kremenovic, A (reprint author), Univ Belgrade, Fac Min & Geol, Dusina 7, YU-11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia. RI Norby, Poul/B-9047-2014 OI Norby, Poul/0000-0002-2590-7050 NR 32 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-2738 J9 SOLID STATE IONICS JI Solid State Ion. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 101 BP 611 EP 618 DI 10.1016/S0167-2738(97)00381-0 PN 1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA YM103 UT WOS:000071028700092 ER PT J AU Andriulli, JB AF Andriulli, JB TI A simple way to measure mass moments of inertia SO SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article AB A simple rotational pendulum method to measure the radii of gyration or mass moments of inertia of a rotor and other assemblies is described. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,VIBRAT & ACOUST LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. RP Andriulli, JB (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,HIGH SPEED SPIN TEST & FLYWHEEL DEMONSTRAT FACIL,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL PUBL INC PI BAY VILLAGE PA 27101 E OVIATT RD PO BOX 40416, BAY VILLAGE, OH 44140 SN 0038-1810 J9 SOUND VIB JI Sound Vib. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 31 IS 11 BP 18 EP 19 PG 2 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA YL086 UT WOS:A1997YL08600004 ER PT J AU Wilt, M Schenkel, C Daley, T Peterson, J Majer, E Murer, AS Johnston, RM Klonsky, L AF Wilt, M Schenkel, C Daley, T Peterson, J Majer, E Murer, AS Johnston, RM Klonsky, L TI Mapping steam and water flow in petroleum reservoirs SO SPE RESERVOIR ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1997 Society-of-Petroleum-Engineers International Symposium on Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil CY FEB 10-12, 1997 CL BAKERSFIELD, CA SP Soc Petr Engineers AB During the past 5 years, we have applied high-resolution geophysical methods [crosswell seismic and electromagnetics (EM) and passive seismic] to map and characterize petroleum reservoirs in the San Joaquin Valley and to monitor changes during secondary-recovery operations. The two techniques provide complementary information. Seismic data reveal the reservoir structure, whereas EM measurements are more sensitive to the pore-fluid distribution. Seismic surveys at the South Belridge field were used to map fracture generation and monitor formation changes caused by the onset of steamflooding. Early results show possible sensitivity to changes in gas saturation caused by the steamflooding. Crosswell EM surveys were applied at a shallow pilot at Lost Hills for reservoir characterization and steamflood monitoring. Images made from baseline data clearly show the distribution of the target oil sands; repeated surveys during the steamflood allowed us to identify the boundaries of the steam chest and to predict breakthrough accurately. Applications of the EM techniques in steel-cased wells are at an early stage, but preliminary results at Lost Hills show sensitivity to formation resistivity in a waterflood pilot. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA USA. RI Daley, Thomas/G-3274-2015 OI Daley, Thomas/0000-0001-9445-0843 NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC PETROLEUM ENG PI RICHARDSON PA 222 PALISADES CREEK DR, RICHARDSON, TX 75080 SN 0885-9248 J9 SPE RESERVOIR ENG JI SPE Reserv. Eng. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 12 IS 4 BP 284 EP 287 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Petroleum SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA YF996 UT WOS:A1997YF99600011 ER PT J AU Goretta, KC Xu, Y Cook, RE Feng, LR Deptula, A Lada, W Olczak, T Xu, M Balachandran, U AF Goretta, KC Xu, Y Cook, RE Feng, LR Deptula, A Lada, W Olczak, T Xu, M Balachandran, U TI Synthesis and properties of a Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox-BaTiO3 composite powder SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SHEATHED TAPES; FLUX; SUPERCONDUCTORS; TLBA2CA2CU3OX; YBA2CU3OX; CERAMICS; SYSTEM; ROUTE; TI AB A powder of nominal composition 4 moi Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (Bi-2212) +1 mol BaTiO3 was prepared from acetates by a sol-gel method. When compared with a conventional Bi-2212 powder, the composite powder was less phase pure, containing significant concentrations of Bi2Sr2CuOx, Cu-free phases, and CuO. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of nanometre-scale precipitates within many of the superconductor grains in the composite powder. Although these precipitates were uniformly distributed in only some of the superconducting grains, enhancement of flux pinning at 6 K was attributed to their presence. C1 MANKATO STATE UNIV,MANKATO,MN 56002. INST NUCL CHEM & TECHNOL,PL-03195 WARSAW,POLAND. UNIV CHICAGO,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RP Goretta, KC (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 32 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 10 IS 11 BP 853 EP 856 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/10/11/011 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YG600 UT WOS:A1997YG60000011 ER PT J AU Peterson, S Niels, M AF Peterson, S Niels, M TI Strategic planning at a government laboratory: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Technical Information Department's experience with planning SO TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID BALANCED SCORECARD AB A strategic plan focuses management attention and allows an organization to examine and improve its operations. Each year's plan serves as the foundation for a better plan the next year. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, US DOE, Tech Informat Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Peterson, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, US DOE, Tech Informat Dept, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION PI ARLINGTON PA 901 NORTH STUART ST, STE 904, ARLINGTON, VA 22203 USA SN 0049-3155 J9 TECH COMMUN JI Tech. Commun. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 44 IS 4 BP 412 EP 417 PG 6 WC Communication SC Communication GA ZE667 UT WOS:000072817800020 ER PT J AU Riordan, M AF Riordan, M TI The incredible shrinking transistor SO TECHNOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article AB Fifty years ago, researchers at Bell Labs put theory into practice and started a revolution in electronics. Can today's companies foster the same lively interplay between the scientific and the practical? C1 UNIV CALIF SANTA CRUZ,SANTA CRUZ,CA 95064. RP Riordan, M (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MASS INST TECHNOL PI CAMBRIDGE PA BUILDING W59, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 SN 0040-1692 J9 TECHNOL REV JI Technol. Rev. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 100 IS 8 BP 46 EP 52 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YD012 UT WOS:A1997YD01200020 ER PT J AU Rubin, EM Smith, DJ AF Rubin, EM Smith, DJ TI Optimizing the mouse to sift sequence for function SO TRENDS IN GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENE-EXPRESSION; MICE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; REGION; MODEL; CELLS RP Rubin, EM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 33 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0168-9525 J9 TRENDS GENET JI Trends Genet. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 13 IS 11 BP 423 EP 426 DI 10.1016/S0168-9525(97)01293-6 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA YF592 UT WOS:A1997YF59200002 PM 9385835 ER PT J AU Palmer, RJ White, DC AF Palmer, RJ White, DC TI Developmental biology of biofilms: implications for treatment and control SO TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONFOCAL LASER MICROSCOPY; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; SURFACES; ADHESION; CELL; HYBRIDIZATION; ORGANIZATION; COMMUNITY; ECOLOGY; PLAQUE C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830. RP Palmer, RJ (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,CTR ENVIRONM BIOTECHNOL,10515 RES DR,KNOXVILLE,TN 37932, USA. NR 36 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0966-842X J9 TRENDS MICROBIOL JI Trends Microbiol. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 5 IS 11 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1016/S0966-842X(97)01142-6 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA YF711 UT WOS:A1997YF71100015 PM 9402699 ER PT J AU Garcia, VJ Briceno-Valero, JM Martinez, L AF Garcia, VJ Briceno-Valero, JM Martinez, L TI Kinetic parameters from complex thermal desorption spectrum SO VACUUM LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE-PROGRAMMED DESORPTION; IMPLANTED INERT-GASES; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; SPECTROMETRY; EXTRACTION; SURFACES AB An method to study complex thermal desorption spectra in terms of energy states was developed and tested with computer simulated data. It is restricted to the case where the kinetic parameters of the each energy state are constants and the energy states are independents from each other. The method is valid for linear, exponential or hyperbolic temperature schedule. Furthermore, the use of the method does not require previous knowledge of the reaction orders or the number of energetically different surface sites. The method allows to resolve as individual states, states that are very close together in the original TPD spectrum. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Univ Los Andes, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, Merida 5101, Venezuela. RP Garcia, VJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, 3053 Gilman Hall, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0042-207X J9 VACUUM JI Vacuum PD NOV PY 1997 VL 48 IS 11 BP 941 EP 945 DI 10.1016/S0042-207X(97)00101-2 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA YN167 UT WOS:000071139800008 ER PT J AU James, AL Oldenburg, CM AF James, AL Oldenburg, CM TI Linear and Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis for subsurface contaminant transport simulation SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NONAQUEOUS PHASE LIQUIDS; HALOGENATED HYDROCARBONS; GROUNDWATER-FLOW; STEAM INJECTION; REMOVAL; WATER AB Transport simulation can be used to predict subsurface contaminant distributions and the effectiveness of site remediation technologies. Because of the uncertainty inherent in subsurface transport prediction, an integral part of predictive modeling is uncertainty analysis. We have investigated the uncertainty of simulated trichloroethylene (TCE) concentrations due to parameter uncertainty and variation in conceptual model. The transport simulation is performed with T2VOC, a three-dimensional integral finite difference code for three-phase (gas, aqueous, non-aqueous phase liquid), three-component (air, water, volatile organic compound), nonisothermal subsurface flow. Our modeling is based on an actual site and considers a three-dimensional system with a thick vadose zone (25 m) into which 35,000 kg of TCE was disposed of in surface trenches over 10 years. Subsurface transport involves TCE moving in the vadose and saturated zones from the source trench toward a nearby residence and includes the processes of advection, diffusion, and adsorption over extended distances and timescales. Uncertainties in the calculated concentrations due to variance in the major transport parameters are quantified using the inverse modeling code ITOUGH2. ITOUGH2 calculates uncertainty in the T2VOC simulation by both first-order, second-moment (FOSM) and Monte Carlo analyses. Significant uncertainty in simulated TCE concentrations at a site of potential human exposure is observed owing to uncertainty in permeability, porosity, diffusivity, chemical solubility, and adsorption within a single conceptual model. For the case study considered the linear FOSM analysis generally captures the uncertainty range calculated by the more accurate Monte Carlo method. Calculations also show that significant output uncertainty is introduced by conceptual model variation. Because human exposure and health risk depend strongly on contaminant concentrations, risk assessment and remediation selection based on transport simulation is meaningful only if the analysis includes quantitative estimates of transport simulation uncertainty. RP James, AL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BLDG 90,ROOM 2024E,MA 90-1116,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI James, April/D-1415-2012; Oldenburg, Curtis/L-6219-2013 OI Oldenburg, Curtis/0000-0002-0132-6016 NR 23 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2495 EP 2508 DI 10.1029/97WR01925 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA YE788 UT WOS:A1997YE78800007 ER PT J AU Dawson, LA Pohl, PI AF Dawson, LA Pohl, PI TI Modeling and risk assessment of a 30-year-old subsurface radioactive-liquid drain field SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOIL AB The contamination from a 30-year-old radioactive liquid drain field was assessed for movement in the subsurface and potential risks to humans. This assessment included determining field concentrations of cesium 137 (Cs-137) and other inorganic contaminants and modeling of the flow and transport of the liquid waste that was sent to the drain field. The field investigation detected no contamination deeper than 15 feet (4.6 m) from the bottom of the drain field. Prediction of the water content of the vadose zone showed no saturated conditions for times greater than 10 years after the known infiltration. Sensitivity analysis of the modeling parameters showed the equilibrium sorption coefficient to be the most important factor in predicting the contaminant plumes. Calibration of modeling results with field data gave a Cs-137 sorption coefficient that is within the range of values found in the literature. The risk assessment for the site showed that the contamination poses no significant risk to human health. RP Dawson, LA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DIV ENERGY & ENVIRONM,MAIL STOP 720,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2535 EP 2545 DI 10.1029/97WR01700 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA YE788 UT WOS:A1997YE78800010 ER PT J AU Duan, JF Miller, NL AF Duan, JF Miller, NL TI A generalized power function for the subsurface transmissivity profile in TOPMODEL SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SIMILARITY; DYNAMICS; RUNOFF; AREAS AB TOPMODEL, a simple physically based conceptual model, has been widely applied to various water resource investigations. Previous studies of the hydraulic transmissivity function with depth indicate that an exponential function alone may not be appropriate. Recent work suggests that a first-order hyperbolic function can provide improved simulations of base flow recession in the context of TOPMODEL. We present a generalized power function for a range of possible cases and apply this function to the TOPMODEL concepts. The specific function that is most applicable is location dependent. C1 UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCRIPPS INST OCEANOG,DIV CLIMATE RES,LA JOLLA,CA 92093. HYDROL RES CTR,SAN DIEGO,CA. RP Duan, JF (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DIV ATMOSPHER SCI,POB 808,L-256,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. RI Miller, Norman/E-6897-2010 NR 10 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 33 IS 11 BP 2559 EP 2562 DI 10.1029/97WR02186 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA YE788 UT WOS:A1997YE78800012 ER PT J AU Dogan, CP Hawk, JA AF Dogan, CP Hawk, JA TI Role of zirconia toughening in the abrasive wear of intermetallic and ceramic composites SO WEAR LA English DT Article DE abrasive wear; composites; molybdenum disilicide; alumina; zirconia-toughened ID FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; MATRIX COMPOSITES; SILICON-NITRIDE; ALUMINA; RESISTANCE; BEHAVIOR; MICROSTRUCTURE; AL2O3 AB In this study, the hardness, fracture toughness, and abrasive wear behavior of three zirconia-toughened MoSi2 composites and a zirconia-toughened Al2O3 were examined and compared with similar materials containing no zirconia second phases. Each of the composites contained 20 vol.% ZrO2; however, the polymorph of the added zirconia particles was varied to give composites with unstabilized, partially stabilized, and fully stabilized zirconia reinforcement. It was observed that the influence of zirconia toughening on the abrasive wear behavior depended upon the nature of the toughening mechanisms activated by the zirconia addition. (C) 1997 U.S. Government. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. RP Dogan, CP (reprint author), US Dept Energy, Albany Res Ctr, Albany, OR 97321 USA. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0043-1648 J9 WEAR JI Wear PD NOV PY 1997 VL 212 IS 1 BP 110 EP 118 DI 10.1016/S0043-1648(97)00114-2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA YM263 UT WOS:000071046100014 ER PT J AU Feng, Z Zacharia, T David, SA AF Feng, Z Zacharia, T David, SA TI Thermal stress development in a nickel based superalloy during weldability test SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solidification cracking modeling; weldability modeling; finite element method; Sigmajig Test; superalloy; thermal stresses; heat transfer ID HOT-CRACKING; WELD AB A finite element model has been developed to quantitatively evaluate the local thermomechanical conditions for weld metal solidification cracking in a laboratory weldability test (the Sigmajig test). The loading mechanism in the Sigmajig test was simulated by means of nonlinear spring elements. The effects of weld pool solidification on the thermal and mechanical behaviors of the specimen were considered. An efficient algorithm was developed to include the solidification effects in the material constitutive relations. Stress/temperature/location diagrams were constructed to reveal the local stress development behind the traveling weld pool where solidification cracking occurs. Based on the concept of the material resistance to cracking and the mechanical driving force for cracking, the calculated local stress in the solidification temperature range was used to explain the experimentally observed cracking initiation behaviors of a nickel-based superalloy single crystal under different welding and loading conditions. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. RP Feng, Z (reprint author), EDISON WELDING INST,COLUMBUS,OH 43212, USA. RI Feng, Zhili/H-9382-2012 OI Feng, Zhili/0000-0001-6573-7933 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA PO BOX 351040, MIAMI, FL 33135 SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 76 IS 11 BP S470 EP S483 PG 14 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YF064 UT WOS:A1997YF06400016 ER PT J AU Carpenter, DA AF Carpenter, DA TI Micro X-ray fluorescence analysis special issue - Guest editorial SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 OAK RIDGE CTR MFG TECHNOL,OAK RIDGE,TN. RP Carpenter, DA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE Y 12 PLANT,DEV ORG,OAK RIDGE,TN, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 26 IS 6 BP 314 EP 314 PG 1 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA YG793 UT WOS:A1997YG79300002 ER PT J AU Ice, GE AF Ice, GE TI Microbeam-forming methods for synchrotron radiation SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID TAPERED GLASS-CAPILLARIES; X-RAY MICROPROBE; FOCUSING OPTICS; DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS; LAUE DIFFRACTION; MIRRORS AB The increasing availability of synchrotron x-ray sources has stimulated the development of advanced hard x-ray (E greater than or equal to 5 keV) microprobes. It is now possible to achieve intense submicron x-ray beams with a variety of techniques including Fresnel zone plates, Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors, tapered capillaries and Bragg-Fresnel optics, These synchrotron-based x-ray microprobes can be used for ultra-sensitive elemental detection by x-ray fluorescence/absorption and for microdiffraction to identify phase and strain with submicron resolution. Advanced methods for forming microbeams are reviewed and the relative merits of each approach are discussed, The efficient techniques developed for synchrotron beams can also be used to tailor the beam properties from conventional x-ray sources. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RP Ice, GE (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 47 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 26 IS 6 BP 315 EP 326 PG 12 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA YG793 UT WOS:A1997YG79300003 ER PT J AU Jones, KW Berry, WJ Borsay, DJ Cline, HT Conner, WC Fullmer, CS AF Jones, KW Berry, WJ Borsay, DJ Cline, HT Conner, WC Fullmer, CS TI Applications of synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray emission (SRIXE) SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ROS 17/2.8 CELLS; LEAD; CALCIUM; MICROTOMOGRAPHY; OSTEOCALCIN; ABSORPTION; MICROSCOPY; PARTICLES; BONE; CD AB Synchrotron radiation-induced x-ray emission (SRIXE) is now a proven analytical method For the determination of trace elements, It is notable for spatial resolutions of less than 10 mu m and minimum detection limits that can be as low as 1 ppm by weight, The approach to SRIXE measurements in use at the Brookhaven National Synchrotron Eight Source is summarized to illustrate the experimental approach to SRIXE. Application of SRIXE to several different questions are then discussed. The particular examples presented deal with the detection of trace amounts of (1) toxic metals in marine worms, tadpole brains and chick tibia and (2) catalysts in polyolefin polymerization particles. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US EPA,ATLANTIC ECOL DIV,NARRAGANSETT,RI 02882. COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB,COLD SPRING HARBOR,NY 11724. UNIV MASSACHUSETTS,AMHERST,MA 01103. CORNELL UNIV,ITHACA,NY 14853. RP Jones, KW (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 26 IS 6 BP 350 EP 358 PG 9 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA YG793 UT WOS:A1997YG79300007 ER PT J AU Havrilla, GJ AF Havrilla, GJ TI Applications of X-ray microfluorescence to materials analysis SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS; RESOLUTION; SYSTEM; XRF AB X-ray microfluorescence provides the analytical scientist with a powerful tool to solve a variety of materials-based problems. Spatially resolved non-destructive elemental analyses fan rapidly address a number of problems using qualitative analysis. Point spectra, line profiles and elemental maps offer different approaches for characterization information on a wide variety of materials. Applications are presented which span customer service complaints to experimental ceramic materials to fossils. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RP Havrilla, GJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV,MS G740,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND PO19 1UD SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD NOV-DEC PY 1997 VL 26 IS 6 BP 364 EP 373 PG 10 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA YG793 UT WOS:A1997YG79300009 ER PT J AU Moller, P Nix, JR Armbruster, P Hofmann, S Munzenberg, G AF Moller, P Nix, JR Armbruster, P Hofmann, S Munzenberg, G TI Single-particle enhancement of heavy-element production SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK A-HADRONS AND NUCLEI LA English DT Article ID FISSION; DYNAMICS; FUSION AB Fusion barriers are calculated in a macroscopic-microscopic model for several cold-fusion heavy-ion reactions leading to heavy and superheavy elements. The results obtained in such a picture are very different from those obtained in a purely macroscopic model. For reactions on Pb-208 targets, shell effects in the entrance channel result in fusion-barrier energies at the touching point that are only a few MeV higher than the ground state for compound systems near Z = 110, The entrance-channel fragment-shell effects remain far inside the touching point, almost to configurations only slightly more elongated than the ground-state configuration, where the fusion barrier has risen to about 10 MeV above the ground-state energy, Calculated single-particle level diagrams show that few level crossings occur until the peak in the fusion barrier very close to the ground-state shape is reached, which indicates that dissipation is negligible until very late in the fusion process. Whereas the fission valley in a macroscopic picture is several tens of MeV lower in energy than is the fusion valley, we find in the macroscopic-microscopic picture that the fission valley is only about 5 MeV lower than the fusion valley for cold-fusion reactions leading to compound systems near Z = 110. These results show that no significant ''extra-extra-push'' energy is needed to bring the system inside the fission saddle point and that the typical reaction energies for maximum cross section in heavy-element synthesis correspond to only a few MeV above the maximum in the fusion barrier. C1 GESELL SCHWERIONENFORSCH MBH,D-64291 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. P MOLLER SCI COMPUTING & GRAPH INC,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544. RP Moller, P (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0939-7922 J9 Z PHYS A-HADRON NUCL JI Z. Phys. A.-Hadrons Nuclei PD NOV PY 1997 VL 359 IS 3 BP 251 EP 255 DI 10.1007/s002180050399 PG 5 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA YK567 UT WOS:A1997YK56700009 ER PT J AU Dandoloff, R Saxena, A AF Dandoloff, R Saxena, A TI Nonlinear sigma model and the origin of geometric frustration on curved manifolds SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Euroconference on Electron-Phonon-Interactions and Phase Transitions in Honor of Professor Heinz Bilz CY JUN 09-15, 1997 CL ERICE, ITALY SP Int Sch Solid State Phys ID TOPOLOGICAL SOLITONS; SPACE CURVES; HEISENBERG; FERROMAGNETS AB Classical Heisenberg spins considered on an elastic two-dimensional curved manifold in the continuum limit correspond to the nonlinear sigma model. If the corresponding Euler-Lagrange (EL) equations support a soliton solution, a mismatch of length scales induces geometrical frustration in the region of the soliton which is relieved by a deformation of the manifold in the region of the soliton. We illustrate the origin of this elastic effect in four different cases: (i) A single soliton on a circular cylinder with anisotropic spin-spin coupling, (ii) a soliton lattice on a circular cylinder with isotropic spin-spin coupling, (iii) a single soliton on an elliptic cylinder, and (iv) a circular cylinder in an external axial magnetic field. For the first three cases the EL equation is the sine-Gordon equation while for the last case it is the double sine-Gordon equation. Geometrical frustration results whenever the solution of the EL equation does not satisfy the self-dual equations of Bogomol'nyi which are a necessary condition to reach the minimum energy configuration in each homotopy class. C1 Univ Cergy Pontoise, Lab Phys Theor & Modelisat, F-95302 Cergy Pontoise, France. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Dandoloff, R (reprint author), Univ Cergy Pontoise, Lab Phys Theor & Modelisat, 2 Ave A Chauvin, F-95302 Cergy Pontoise, France. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-3277 J9 Z PHYS B CON MAT JI Z. Phys. B-Condens. Mat. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 104 IS 4 BP 661 EP 668 DI 10.1007/s002570050505 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YM561 UT WOS:000071077100013 ER PT J AU Gervais, F Lobo, R AF Gervais, F Lobo, R TI Infrared reflectivity spectroscopy of electron-phonon interactions SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Euroconference on Electron-Phonon-Interactions and Phase Transitions in Honor of Professor Heinz Bilz CY JUN 09-15, 1997 CL ERICE, ITALY SP Int Sch Solid State Phys ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTOR; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA THIN-FILM; NORMAL-STATE; DYNAMICAL CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; SPECTRA; OXIDES; GAP; BA2YCU3O7-DELTA; PHENOMENOLOGY AB The crucial role of electron-phonon interactions and their signatures in optical conductivity deduced from the analysis of infrared-visible reflection spectra is reviewed. The usefulness of a general phenomenological model able to describe the couplings of phonons, polarons, plasmon, superconducting condensate, is discussed. Among other examples of applications, the problem of the signature of Cooper pair condensation in the superconducting phase of high-T(c) cuprates is discussed in the framework of London and Mattis-Bardeen models. C1 Univ Tours, Fac Sci & Tech, Lab Electrodynam Mat Avances, F-37200 Tours, France. Brookhaven Natl Lab, NSLS, Upton, NY 11793 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11793 USA. RP Gervais, F (reprint author), Univ Tours, Fac Sci & Tech, Lab Electrodynam Mat Avances, F-37200 Tours, France. OI Lobo, Ricardo/0000-0003-2355-6856 NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-3277 J9 Z PHYS B CON MAT JI Z. Phys. B-Condens. Mat. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 104 IS 4 BP 681 EP 686 DI 10.1007/s002570050508 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YM561 UT WOS:000071077100016 ER PT J AU Bill, A Hizhnyakov, V Nevedrov, D Seibold, G Sigmund, E AF Bill, A Hizhnyakov, V Nevedrov, D Seibold, G Sigmund, E TI Electronic inhomogeneities, electron-lattice and pairing interactions in high-T-c superconductors SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Euroconference on Electron-Phonon-Interactions and Phase Transitions in Honor of Professor Heinz Bilz CY JUN 09-15, 1997 CL ERICE, ITALY SP Int Sch Solid State Phys ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; ORDER-PARAMETER; PHASE-SEPARATION; YBA2CU3O7-DELTA; SYMMETRY; MODEL; PHONON; STATE; PB AB The presence of electronic inhomogeneities strongly reduces the screening of the electron-ion interaction in high-temperature superconductors. This implies the existence of an non-totally screened long-range contribution to the electron-lattice coupling and opens an additional channel for the formation of copper pairs. We calculate the superconducting order parameter taking into account a) the long-range and the short-range parts of the electron-lattice interaction and b) the Coulomb repulsion between charge-carriers. We show that whereas the long-range electron-lattice coupling determines the anisotropy of the order parameter, the Coulomb repulsion and the short-range interactions determine its symmetry. Thus, different high-T-c superconductors may have s- or d-wave symmetry, depending on the relative strength of the interactions involved in the pairing. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Tartu State Univ, Inst Phys, EE-2400 Tartu, Estonia. BTU Cottbus, Inst Theoret Phys, D-03013 Cottbus, Germany. RP Bill, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Hizhnyakov, Vladimir/B-6025-2012; Seibold, Goetz/F-3277-2010 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-3277 J9 Z PHYS B CON MAT JI Z. Phys. B-Condens. Mat. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 104 IS 4 BP 753 EP 757 DI 10.1007/s002570050522 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YM561 UT WOS:000071077100030 ER PT J AU Bill, A Kresin, VZ Wolf, SA AF Bill, A Kresin, VZ Wolf, SA TI Isotope effect in high-T-c materials: role of non-adiabaticity and magnetic impurities SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Euroconference on Electron-Phonon-Interactions and Phase Transitions in Honor of Professor Heinz Bilz CY JUN 09-15, 1997 CL ERICE, ITALY SP Int Sch Solid State Phys ID PAIR BREAKING; NORMAL-STATE; APEX-OXYGEN; YBA2CU3O7 AB Based on previous calculations of the isotope effect (IE) in superconductors, we present a detailed study of the influence of non-adiabaticity and magnetic impurities on the value of the isotope coefficient (IC). We focus on the combined effect of these factors and examine how their relative weight affects the IC. The isotope effect of the superconducting critical temperature T-c, and of the penetration depth delta are discussed. It is shown that both non-adiabaticity and magnetic impurities have to be taken into account to describe the oxygen isotope effect of Pr-doped and oxygen-depleted YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO). The calculations suggest that the effect of magnetic impurities is stronger for Pr-doped than for O-depleted YBCO. We also present new results for the IC of delta in O-depleted YBCO. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Bill, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Wolf, Stuart/A-7513-2009 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-3277 J9 Z PHYS B CON MAT JI Z. Phys. B-Condens. Mat. PD NOV PY 1997 VL 104 IS 4 BP 759 EP 763 DI 10.1007/s002570050523 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA YM561 UT WOS:000071077100031 ER PT J AU Adams, MR Aderholz, M Aid, S Anthony, PL Averill, DA Baker, MD Baller, BR Banerjee, A Bhatti, AA Bratzler, U Braun, HM Carroll, TJ Clark, HL Conrad, JM Davisson, R Derado, I Dietrich, FS Dougherty, W Dreyer, T Eckardt, V Ecker, U Erdmann, M Fang, GY Figiel, J Finlay, RW Gebauer, HJ Geesaman, DF Griffioen, KA Guo, RS Haas, J Halliwell, C Hantke, D Hicks, KH Jackson, HE Jaffe, DE Jancso, G Jansen, DM Jin, Z Kaufmann, S Kennedy, RD Kinney, ER Kobrak, HGE Kotwal, AV Kunori, S Lord, JJ Lubatti, HJ McLeod, D Madden, P Magill, S Manz, A Melanson, H Michael, DG Montgomery, HE Morfin, JG Nickerson, RB Novak, J Olkiewicz, K Osborne, L Otten, R Papavassiliou, V Pawlik, B Pipkin, FM Potterveld, DH Roser, A Ryan, JJ Salgado, CW Schellman, H Schmitt, M Schmitz, N Schuler, KP Seyerlein, J Siegert, G Skuja, A Snow, GA SoldnerRembold, S Spentzouris, P Stopa, P Swanson, RA Venkataramania, H Wilhelm, M Wilson, R Wittek, W Wolbers, SA Zghiche, A Zhao, T AF Adams, MR Aderholz, M Aid, S Anthony, PL Averill, DA Baker, MD Baller, BR Banerjee, A Bhatti, AA Bratzler, U Braun, HM Carroll, TJ Clark, HL Conrad, JM Davisson, R Derado, I Dietrich, FS Dougherty, W Dreyer, T Eckardt, V Ecker, U Erdmann, M Fang, GY Figiel, J Finlay, RW Gebauer, HJ Geesaman, DF Griffioen, KA Guo, RS Haas, J Halliwell, C Hantke, D Hicks, KH Jackson, HE Jaffe, DE Jancso, G Jansen, DM Jin, Z Kaufmann, S Kennedy, RD Kinney, ER Kobrak, HGE Kotwal, AV Kunori, S Lord, JJ Lubatti, HJ McLeod, D Madden, P Magill, S Manz, A Melanson, H Michael, DG Montgomery, HE Morfin, JG Nickerson, RB Novak, J Olkiewicz, K Osborne, L Otten, R Papavassiliou, V Pawlik, B Pipkin, FM Potterveld, DH Roser, A Ryan, JJ Salgado, CW Schellman, H Schmitt, M Schmitz, N Schuler, KP Seyerlein, J Siegert, G Skuja, A Snow, GA SoldnerRembold, S Spentzouris, P Stopa, P Swanson, RA Venkataramania, H Wilhelm, M Wilson, R Wittek, W Wolbers, SA Zghiche, A Zhao, T TI Inclusive single-particle distributions and transverse momenta of forward produced charged hadrons in mu p scattering at 470 GeV SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK C-PARTICLES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article ID DEEP-INELASTIC SCATTERING; PROTON-SCATTERING; MULTIPLICITY DISTRIBUTIONS; NU-P; FRAGMENTATION; DEPENDENCE; DEUTERIUM; MESONS; NEON; HERA AB Using data from the Fermilab fixed target experiment E665, general properties of forward produced charged hadrons in mu p interactions at a primary muon energy of 470 GeV are investigated. The normalized inclusive single-particle distributions for Feynman-x D(chi(F)) and for the transverse momentum D(p(t)(2),chi(F)) are measured as a function of W and Q(2). The dependence of the average transverse momentum squared (p(t)(2)) on chi(F), W and Q(2) is studied. The increasing contribution from diffractive production as Q(2) decreases leads to a reduction of the average charged hadron multiplicities at low (positive) chi(F) and an enhancement at large chi(F), for Q(2) less than or similar to 10 GeV2. It also reduces (p(t)(2)) for Q(2) less than or similar to 5 GeV2 and 0.4 less than or similar to chi(F) < 1.0. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SAN DIEGO,CA 92093. FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,BATAVIA,IL 60510. HARVARD UNIV,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02138. UNIV ILLINOIS,CHICAGO,IL 60680. KFKI,RES INST PARTICLE & NUCL PHYS,H-1525 BUDAPEST,HUNGARY. INST NUCL PHYS,PL-30055 KRAKOW,POLAND. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. UNIV MARYLAND,COLLEGE PK,MD 20742. MIT,CAMBRIDGE,MA 02139. MAX PLANCK INST PHYS & ASTROPHYS,D-80805 MUNICH,GERMANY. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,EVANSTON,IL 60208. OHIO UNIV,ATHENS,OH 45701. UNIV PENN,PHILADELPHIA,PA 19104. UNIV WASHINGTON,SEATTLE,WA 98195. UNIV WUPPERTAL,D-42119 WUPPERTAL,GERMANY. YALE UNIV,NEW HAVEN,CT 06511. RP Adams, MR (reprint author), UNIV FREIBURG,HUGSTETTER STR 55,D-79104 FREIBURG,GERMANY. RI Carroll, Timothy/B-6934-2009 NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0170-9739 J9 Z PHYS C PART FIELDS JI Z. Phys. C-Part. Fields PD NOV PY 1997 VL 76 IS 3 BP 441 EP 463 DI 10.1007/s002880050567 PG 23 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA YK568 UT WOS:A1997YK56800005 ER PT J AU Arvieux, J Ball, J Bystricky, J Fontaine, JM Gaillard, G Goudour, JP Hess, R Kunne, R Lehar, F deLesquen, A Lopiano, D deMali, M PerrotKunne, F Rapin, D vanRossum, L Sans, JL Spinka, HM AF Arvieux, J Ball, J Bystricky, J Fontaine, JM Gaillard, G Goudour, JP Hess, R Kunne, R Lehar, F deLesquen, A Lopiano, D deMali, M PerrotKunne, F Rapin, D vanRossum, L Sans, JL Spinka, HM TI Proton-proton elastic scattering analyzing power in the 2.16 to 2.28 GeV energy region SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIK C-PARTICLES AND FIELDS LA English DT Article ID GEV-C; POLARIZATION; DEPENDENCE AB The angular dependence of the pp elastic scattering analyzing power was measured at SATURNE II with an unpolarized proton beam and the Saclay polarized proton target. The energy region in the vicinity of the accelerator depolarizing resonance G gamma 6 at T-kin 2.202 GeV was studied. Measurements were carried out at seven energies between 2.16 and 2.28 GeV from 17 degrees to 55 degrees CM. No significant anomaly was observed in the angular and energy dependence of the results presented, whereas the existing data sets differ in this energy range. C1 CE SACLAY,DSM,CEA,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. CE SACLAY,DAPNIA,CEA,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. UNIV GENEVA,DPNC,CH-1211 GENEVA 4,SWITZERLAND. CENB,F-33170 GRADIGNAN,FRANCE. ARGONNE NATL LAB,HEP DIV,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Arvieux, J (reprint author), LAB NATL SATURNE,CNRS,IN2P3,F-91191 GIF SUR YVETTE,FRANCE. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0170-9739 J9 Z PHYS C PART FIELDS JI Z. Phys. C-Part. Fields PD NOV PY 1997 VL 76 IS 3 BP 465 EP 468 DI 10.1007/s002880050568 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA YK568 UT WOS:A1997YK56800006 ER PT J AU Tracz, E Dickson, DW Hainfeld, JF KsiezakReding, H AF Tracz, E Dickson, DW Hainfeld, JF KsiezakReding, H TI Paired helical filaments in corticobasal degeneration: the fine fibrillary structure with NanoVan SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ultrastructure; paired helical filament; Alzheimer disease; corticobasal degeneration; vanadate; transmission electron microscopy ID MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY; ALZHEIMER-LIKE FILAMENTS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; TAU-PROTEIN; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; PICKS DISEASE; EXPRESSION AB Paired helical filaments (PHF) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins are characteristic findings in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and corticobasal degeneration (CBD). The filaments in CBD differ from those in AD by a reduced number of tau isoforms and less stable ultrastructure. To further compare the ultrastructure of both filaments, we employed a novel staining reagent, NanoVan, as well as aurothioglucose and uranyl acetate. With commonly used uranyl acetate, both kinds of filaments appeared as twisted ribbons 15-20-nm and 21-23-nm wide, respectively, without significant internal substructure. With application of aurothioglucose, only few structural details were apparent. With NanoVan, AD filaments showed similar structure to that with uranyl acetate but CBD filaments displayed a highly heterogeneous appearance consistent with the dissociation of the 20-25-nm-wide filaments along two longitudinal axes. This was evident by the presence of thinner, 12-13-nm-wide filaments and filaments that splayed into two 20-25-nm-wide components at one or both ends. Moreover, detection of a prominent, 7-8-nm-wide axial region distinguished up to four protofilaments per one filament. Each protofilament appeared to contain two 3-5-nm-wide fibrils separated by an approximately 1-nm-wide axial region. The results suggest that 3-5-nm fibrils are the smallest structural subunits of filaments in CBD and that NanoVan may be an unique reagent in detecting eight-fibril organization in these less stable filaments. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 YESHIVA UNIV ALBERT EINSTEIN COLL MED,DEPT PATHOL,BRONX,NY 10461. BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT BIOL,UPTON,NY 11973. OI Dickson, Dennis W/0000-0001-7189-7917 NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 773 IS 1-2 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.1016/S0006-8993(97)00830-5 PG 12 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA YG696 UT WOS:A1997YG69600005 PM 9409702 ER PT J AU Park, MS Valdez, J Gurley, L Kim, CY AF Park, MS Valdez, J Gurley, L Kim, CY TI Characterization of a putative helix-loop-helix motif in nucleotide excision repair endonuclease, XPG SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PIGMENTOSUM GROUP-G; NONPOLYPOSIS COLON-CANCER; COMPLEMENTATION GROUP-G; XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM; DNA-REPAIR; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES-POMBE; CHROMOSOMAL LOCALIZATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; YEAST RAD2 AB Complementation group G of xeroderma pigmentosum (XPG) is one of the most rare and pathophysiologically heterogeneous forms of this inherited disease. XPG patients exhibit varying phenotypes, from having a very mild defect in DNA repair to being severely affected, and a few cases are also associated with the neurological degeneracy and growth retardation of Cockayne's syndrome. The XPG gene encodes a 134-kDa nuclear protein that is essential for the incision steps of nucleotide excision repair. XPG protein contains a putative helix-loop-helix (HLH) motif in the region that is most conserved among the members of structure-specific endonuclease family. To establish the functional significance of the HLH motif, we used several approaches, including theoretical modeling, functional complementation assay, structure-specific endonuclease assay, and DNA binding assay. A secondary structure of the motif was predicted by energy minimization and the Monte Carlo simulation and empirically proven using the circular dichroism to contain a high content of alpha-helix. When an XPG mutant lacking the HLH was overexpressed in UV135 cells, which have defects in the hamster homolog of XPG, the mutant gene failed to confer to the hamster cells the resistance to UV light. A recombinant XPG protein lacking the HLH motif was purified from insect cells and tested for a structure-specific endonuclease activity. The mutant protein failed to cleave the flap strand. A recombinant peptide containing the HLH (amino acids 758-871) was expressed in and purified from bacteria, tested for DNA binding activity, and found to bind to a DNA substrate with the flap structure. These results suggest that the HLH motif is required for the catalytic and DNA binding activities of XPG. RP Park, MS (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,M888,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA71630] NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 272 IS 44 BP 27823 EP 27829 DI 10.1074/jbc.272.44.27823 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YD473 UT WOS:A1997YD47300054 PM 9346928 ER PT J AU Sajonz, P Zhong, G Guiochon, G AF Sajonz, P Zhong, G Guiochon, G TI Extension of the shock layer theory to the case of a linear dependence of the axial dispersion and the mass transfer coefficients on the concentration SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE axial dispersion; mass transfer; shock layer; non-linear chromatography; band profiles ID CHROMATOGRAPHIC BAND PROFILES; FRONTAL ANALYSIS; NONLINEAR CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; EXCHANGE SYSTEMS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ADSORPTION; THICKNESS; DIFFUSION; VELOCITY AB The classical shock layer theory assumes that the coefficients of axial dispersion and of mass transfer kinetics are constant. Experimental results have shown that this assumption is not always valid. The influence of a linear dependence of these coefficients on the concentration is investigated. The shock layer theory is easily extended to this case and an analytical solution is reported. Changes in the shape of the breakthrough curves and in the thickness of the shock layer are discussed. Excellent agreement was observed between the results of numerical calculations of breakthrough curves and the shock layer thickness derived from the analytical solution. The agreement found with experimental results previously reported was also excellent. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT CHEM,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 786 IS 2 BP 195 EP 207 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00591-8 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA YH100 UT WOS:A1997YH10000001 ER PT J AU Ambrose, DL Fritz, JS Buchmeiser, MR Atzl, N Bonn, GK AF Ambrose, DL Fritz, JS Buchmeiser, MR Atzl, N Bonn, GK TI New, high-capacity carboxylic acid functionalized resins for solid-phase extraction of a broad range of organic compounds SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE solid-phase extraction; sorbents; polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons; phenols; alcohols; carboxylic acids; carbonyl compounds; amines; esters; chloroalkanes ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ONLINE TRACE ENRICHMENT; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; WATER SAMPLES; PRIORITY PHENOLS; OFF-LINE; PRECONCENTRATION; MEMBRANES; RETENTION AB New high capacity carboxylic acid-functionalized resins, prepared by ring-opening-metathesis suspension polymerization, were used for solid-phase extraction of organic compounds from water. Two resins, exhibiting a capacity range of 3.0 and 3.75 mequiv. COOH/g, respectively, have either been employed in their beaded form or in the form of particle-loaded membranes. A large variety of organic compounds such as phenols, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons, amines, nitrosamines as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were successfully extracted by these materials. For most compounds, a quantitative recovery was observed. The extraction efficiency of the new resins was compared to those of other, commercially available high-performance materials such as Silicalite and Empore disks. The general advantages of the new materials, the mechanism of extraction, differences between membranes and columns containing the new particles as well as the extraction behavior versus the compounds investigated are discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV INNSBRUCK, INST ANALYT CHEM & RADIOCHEM, A-6020 INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA. IOWA STATE UNIV, DEPT CHEM, AMES LAB, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 786 IS 2 BP 259 EP 268 DI 10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00589-X PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA YH100 UT WOS:A1997YH10000007 ER PT J AU Goemans, MGE Funk, TJ Sedillo, MA Buelow, SJ Anderson, GK AF Goemans, MGE Funk, TJ Sedillo, MA Buelow, SJ Anderson, GK TI Electrical conductances of aqueous solutions of inorganic nitrates at 25-505 degrees C and 100-490 bar SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE alkali nitrates; electrical conductance; high pressure; high temperature electrode; subcritical water; supercritical water ID WATER; CONDUCTIVITY AB A simple Pt electrode was used to determine the electrical conductances of 0.00393, 0.00992 and 0.0379 m NaNO3 and 0.00911 m LiNO3, 0.00910 m CsNO3 and 0.00946 m Ca(NO3)(2) solutions. Temperatures ranged from 25 to 505 degrees C at pressures ranging from 100 to 490 bar. The electrode was calibrated against the conductance of 0.010 m hydrothermal NaCl solutions. Preliminary limiting equivalent conductances and dissociation constants were obtained for hydrothermal NaNO3 solutions. The alkali nitrate series behaved similarly to the alkali chloride series: the electrical conductance decreases with decreasing cation radius. This seemingly paradoxical result is due to the stronger electric field and hence the greater tendency for ion pairing and larger solvation spheres associated with smaller cations. Nearly complete ion association is observed at low-density supercritical conditions. Maximum conductances were obtained at about 300 degrees C and densities increasing from about 500 kg m(-3) to 725 kg m(-3) with increasing concentration. Limiting conductances and pK(a) values for NaNO3 solutions were similar to those for NaCl solutions, with NaNO3 being the weaker electrolyte. Ca(NO3)(2) conductances follow similar trends to K2SO4. The data suggests that nearly complete dissociation occurs below 200 degrees C, but that appreciable association to form monovalent cations occurs at higher temperatures. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. WINONA STATE UNIV, DEPT PHYS, WINONA, MN 55987 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0896-8446 J9 J SUPERCRIT FLUID JI J. Supercrit. Fluids PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 11 IS 1-2 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1016/S0896-8446(97)00009-0 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA YG505 UT WOS:A1997YG50500006 ER PT J AU Altschuler, EL Lades, M AF Altschuler, EL Lades, M TI Color vision, genetics, and computers? SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP Altschuler, EL (reprint author), UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO,SCH MED,LA JOLLA,CA 92093, USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5339 BP 788 EP 788 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YD479 UT WOS:A1997YD47900007 PM 9381185 ER PT J AU Paszty, C Brion, CM Manci, E Witkowska, HE Stevens, ME Mohandas, N Rubin, EM AF Paszty, C Brion, CM Manci, E Witkowska, HE Stevens, ME Mohandas, N Rubin, EM TI Transgenic knockout mice with exclusively human sickle hemoglobin and sickle cell disease SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BETA-S-GLOBINS; MOUSE MODEL; HIGH EXPRESSION; ALPHA-GLOBINS; GENE; THALASSEMIA; HYPOXIA; SAD AB To create mice expressing exclusively human sickle hemoglobin (HbS), transgenic mice expressing human alpha-, gamma-, and beta(s)-globin were generated and bred with knockout mice that had deletions of the murine alpha- and beta-globin genes. These sickle cell mice have the major features (irreversibly sickled red cells, anemia, multiorgan pathology) found in humans with sickle cell disease and, as such, represent a useful in vivo system to accelerate the development of improved therapies for this common genetic disease. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DEPT SUBCELLULAR STRUCT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV S ALABAMA,DOCTORS HOSP,CENTRALIZED PATHOL UNIT SICKLE CELL DIS,MOBILE,AL 36604. CHILDRENS HOSP OAKLAND,RES INST,OAKLAND,CA 94609. RP Paszty, C (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME,1 CYCLOTRON RD,MS 74-157,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL20985, HL31579, N01-HB-07086] NR 21 TC 247 Z9 248 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 278 IS 5339 BP 876 EP 878 DI 10.1126/science.278.5339.876 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YD479 UT WOS:A1997YD47900050 PM 9346488 ER PT J AU Affinito, JD Eufinger, S Gross, ME Graff, GL Martin, PM AF Affinito, JD Eufinger, S Gross, ME Graff, GL Martin, PM TI PML/oxide/PML barrier layer performance differences arising from use of UV or electron beam polymerization of the PML layers SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE polymer oxide polymer barrier; ultraviolet light; properties; electron beam; polymers AB Polymer/oxide/polymer barrier coatings have been fabricated on 50 mu m thick and 100 mu m thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate in a roll-to-roll coating process. The oxide layer was either sputtered or e-beam evaporated Al2O3 and the polymer layers were deposited by the polymer multilayer (PML) method [1,2]. The monomer curing method employed to polymerize the PML layers was a parameter affected by varying the cross-linking irradiation between ultraviolet light (UV), electron beam irradiation (eb), and UV followed by eb. O-2 and water vapor permeation rates for the three layer structures were up to four orders of magnitude lower than for the PET substrate alone and up to three orders of magnitude lower than for PET with a single oxide layer without PML layers. Significantly better performance was found for sputtered Al2O3 when compared with e-beam evaporated Al2O3, With or without the use of PML layers. Marginally better performance was obtained when PML layers were UV-cured, as compared with eb curing, with sputtered Al2O3, while the reverse was true when the Al2O3 was e-beam evaporated. Distinct differences in surface topography are observed between UV and e-beam-cured samples with W-cured samples having significantly smoother surfaces and as low as 8.5 Angstrom RMS surface roughness. While both e-beam and UV curing appear to remove all traces of substrate surface roughness, the e-beam-cured surfaces appear to have a new, smoother, broader, and longer wavelength, surface roughness relative to the original substrate. We hypothesize that this new surface topography is due to electrostatic repulsion of the trapped electrons distorting the liquid monomer layer before the material is fully solidified. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Affinito, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 8 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 308 BP 19 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00531-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YR993 UT WOS:000071553400005 ER PT J AU Rose, A Exarhos, GJ AF Rose, A Exarhos, GJ TI Ellipsometric studies of thermally induced transformation phenomena in oxide films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE ellipsometry; phase transformation; Raman spectroscopy; zinc oxide ID ZNO THIN-FILMS; INDUCED CRYSTALLIZATION; TITANIA FILMS AB Post deposition annealing of supported films not only can induce transformation to a different phase but also can promote ion diffusion across the film-substrate interface with subsequent chemical reaction at that interface. Such interfacial processes have been observed in zinc oxide films deposited on borosilicate glass or vitreous silica substrates when heated to temperatures exceeding 675 K. Raman measurements acquired as a function of temperature show gradual transformation to a zinc berate or silicate phase with concomitant change in dielectric properties. Analogous reactions have been observed for zinc oxide films deposited on sapphire substrates. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the film-substrate interaction at the buried interface for ZnO and doped ZnO films subjected to post deposition annealing. Films studied are either amorphous, consist of randomly oriented wurtzite crystalline grains, or are highly c-axis oriented wurtzite, depending upon the deposition method. It is shown that above a critical temperature, not only substrate interactions occur, but resident cation dopants also can chemically react with the zinc oxide matrix. Such reactivity can significantly limit the effects such dopants have on the optical and conductivity properties of ZnO. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Exarhos, GJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999,WA MS K2-44, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 308 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00534-8 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YR993 UT WOS:000071553400009 ER PT J AU von Rottkay, K Ozer, N Rubin, M Richardson, T AF von Rottkay, K Ozer, N Rubin, M Richardson, T TI Analysis of binary electrochromic tungsten oxides with effective medium theory SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE electrochromic vanadium tungsten oxide; optical constants; effective medium approximation ID COMPLEX DIELECTRIC-CONSTANT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITE-MATERIAL; BOUNDS AB Multicomponent oxides are of increasing interest for electrochromic electrodes. To reduce the large number of permutations in composition it would be useful to be able to predict the properties of the mixtures from the pure oxide components. WO3 mixed with V2O5 has been produced by a sol-gel technique in order to increase durability and color neutrality of conventional WO, electrochromic coatings. Chemical composition was confirmed by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RES). Surface morphology was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Electrochromic performance of the films was tested by cyclic voltammetry with in-situ transmission control. Optical constants of vanadium tungsten oxides were determined over the whole solar spectrum. The measurements included variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and spectral transmittance and reflectance. An attempt is made to treat doped tungsten oxide as an effective medium consisting of a mixture of WO3 with V2O5. In the clear state, comparison of optical constants and thickness directly determined on the samples yields qualitative agreement with results from effective-medium analysis. The resulting component fraction also agrees as long as the film density does not deviate too much from the linearly interpolated value between the pure components. For the colored state, preferential trapping of electrons at one atom species hinders the application of effective medium theory. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP von Rottkay, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd,MS 2-300, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 308 BP 50 EP 55 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00535-X PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YR993 UT WOS:000071553400010 ER PT J AU Exarhos, GJ Rose, A Windisch, CF AF Exarhos, GJ Rose, A Windisch, CF TI Spectroscopic characterization of processing-induced property changes in doped ZnO films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE processing-induced changes; doped ZnO films; characterization; spectroscopy; film deposition parameters ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS AB The optical response and electronic conductivity of neat and trivalent cation doped ZnO films are dependent upon film deposition parameters and subsequent post-deposition processing. As-deposited films which show high resistivity can be made conducting through gas phase reduction with hydrogen at elevated temperatures or by electrochemical reduction at room temperature using both aqueous and nonaqueous solvents. Resistive sputter and solution deposited films which exhibit c-axis or random crystallite orientation respectively, become conducting after these treatments and show increased infrared reflectivity owing to free carrier absorption. Raman measurements are used to confirm the wurtzite crystalline phase and dopant incorporation into the lattice. Optical properties of selected films are determined from transmission and spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements using models parameterized with previously determined microstructural information. Based upon the electrochemical results, a mechanism is proposed to describe the reduction process which requires the generation of atomic hydrogen as a reducing species. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Pacific NW Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Exarhos, GJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM gjexarhos@pnl.gov NR 17 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 308 BP 56 EP 62 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00536-1 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YR993 UT WOS:000071553400011 ER PT J AU Jankowski, AF Hayes, JP Makowiecki, DM McKernan, MA AF Jankowski, AF Hayes, JP Makowiecki, DM McKernan, MA TI Formation of cubic boron nitride by the reactive sputter deposition of boron SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE boron nitride films; Rf magnetron sputtering; boron ID PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; THIN-FILMS; ASSISTED DEPOSITION; ELASTIC-MODULUS; C-BN; GROWTH; INDENTATION; HARDNESS; STRESS AB Boron nitride films are synthesized by rf magnetron sputtering baron targets where the deposition parameters of gas pressure, flow and composition are varied along with substrate temperature and applied bias. The films are analyzed using Anger electron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nanoindentation, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. These techniques provide characterization of film composition, crystalline structure, hardness and chemical bending, respectively. Reactive, rf-sputtering process parameters are established which lead to the growth of crystalline boron nitride (BN) phases. The deposition of stable and adherent baron nitride coatings consisting of the cubic phase requires 400 degrees C substrate heating and the application of a 300-V negative bias. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Jankowski, AF (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 308 BP 94 EP 100 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00395-7 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YR993 UT WOS:000071553400018 ER PT J AU Anders, S Ager, JW Pharr, GM Tsui, TY Brown, IG AF Anders, S Ager, JW Pharr, GM Tsui, TY Brown, IG TI Heat treatment of cathodic arc deposited amorphous hard carbon films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE hard carbon films; cathodic arc deposition; Raman spectroscopy; nanoindentation ID DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON; ELASTIC-MODULUS; VACUUM; RAMAN; STRESS; ENERGY AB Amorphous hard carbon films of varying sp(2)/sp(3) fractions were deposited on Si using filtered cathodic are deposition with pulsed biasing. The films were heat treated in air at temperatures up to 550 degrees C. Raman investigation and nanoindentation were performed to study the modification of the films caused by the heat treatment. It was found that films containing a high sp(3) fraction sustain their hardness for temperatures at least up to 400 degrees C, their structure for temperatures up to 500 degrees C, and show a low rate of material loss during heat treatment. Films containing a low sp(3) fraction graphitize during heat treatment, show changes in structure and hardness, and have a high rate of material loss. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77251 USA. Adv Micro Devices Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. RP Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM sanders@lbl.gov RI Raoux, Simone/G-3920-2016; OI Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 27 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 308 BP 186 EP 190 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00385-4 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YR993 UT WOS:000071553400034 ER PT J AU Monteiro, OR Salvadori, MC Cattani, M Mammana, V Brown, IG AF Monteiro, OR Salvadori, MC Cattani, M Mammana, V Brown, IG TI Metallization of CVD diamond films by cathodic arc deposition SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE metallization; CVD diamond films; cathodic arc deposition ID ION-IMPLANTATION; SURFACE MODIFICATION AB Reliable metallization schemes for chemical vapor deposited diamond are critical for expanding the use of diamond components in electronics and optics. We present here the results of our investigation of several metallization schemes produced by cathodic are deposition. The deposition process also allows the control of the metal ion energy, and this is used to promote good adhesion between film and substrate. Films of Mo, Cu, Ta and W with thickness varying between 50 and 1000 nm were deposited on free-standing smooth diamond substrates and annealed at temperatures between 200 degrees C and 900 degrees C. Interdiffusion and solid state reactions between carbon and the deposited metal were studied using backscattering spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. Of the films tested, W was the only one virtually unaffected by annealing at all temperatures. Upon annealing at 200 degrees C all metal films remained intact and did not delaminate. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05389970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. RP Monteiro, OR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Cattani, Mauro/N-9749-2013; Salvadori, Maria Cecilia/A-9379-2013 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 308 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00419-7 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YR993 UT WOS:000071553400040 ER PT J AU Mammana, VP Salvadori, MC Brown, IG AF Mammana, VP Salvadori, MC Brown, IG TI Study of porosity in permeable diamond membranes SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE porous diamond membranes; scanning electron microscope; silicone surface ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MICROWAVE PLASMA AB As reported previously, porous diamond membranes can be fabricated using a method based on growing diamond on a patterned silicon surface. Protrusions on the silicon surface act as molds for forming the pores on the diamond films. This method leads to a non-negligible pore size non-uniformity. The present work is concerned with identifying the process that accounts for this, so as to minimize its effects. The approach developed here is based on the digital processing of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images obtained from selected pores in five different membranes. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mammana, VP (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, CP 66318, BR-05315970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. RI Salvadori, Maria Cecilia/A-9379-2013 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 308 BP 258 EP 262 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00379-9 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YR993 UT WOS:000071553400049 ER PT J AU Baca, AG Ren, F Zolper, JC Briggs, RD Pearton, SJ AF Baca, AG Ren, F Zolper, JC Briggs, RD Pearton, SJ TI A survey of ohmic contacts to III-V compound semiconductors SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films (ICMCTF 97) CY APR 21-25, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Vacuum Met & Thin Films Div DE semiconductors; contact materials; properties; alloys ID N-TYPE GAAS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SOLID-PHASE REGROWTH; P-TYPE GAAS; THERMAL-STABILITY; INP; GE; GAN; METAL; MICROSTRUCTURE AB A survey of ohmic contact materials and properties to GaAs, InP, GaN will be presented along with critical issues pertaining to each semiconductor material. Au-based alloys (e.g. Ni/AuGe for n-type GaAs) are the most commonly used contacts for GaAs and InP materials for both n- and p-type contacts due to the excellent contact resistivity, reliability, and usefulness over a wide range of doping levels. Research into new contacting schemes for these materials has focused on addressing Limitations of the conventional Au-alloys in thermal stability, propensity for spiking, poor edge definition, and new approaches for a non-alloyed contact. The alternative contacts to GaAs and InP include alloys with higher temperature stability, contacts based on solid phase regrowth, and contacts that react with the substrate to form lower bandgap semiconductors alloys at the interface. A new area of contact studies is for the wide bandgap group III-nitride materials. At present, a low resistivity ohmic contact to p-type GaN has not been obtained, primarily due to the large acceptor ionization energy and the resultant difficulty in achieving high free hole concentrations at room temperature. For n-type GaN, however, significant progress has bean reported with reactive Ti-based metalization schemes or the use of graded InGaN layers. The present status of these approaches will be reviewed. Published by Elsevier Science S.A. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Florida, Gainsville, FL 32611 USA. RP Baca, AG (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 83 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 3 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD OCT 31 PY 1997 VL 308 BP 599 EP 606 DI 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00439-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA YR993 UT WOS:000071553400110 ER PT J AU White, D Rodrigue, G AF White, D Rodrigue, G TI Improved vector FEM solutions of Maxwell's equations using grid pre-conditioning SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Maxwell's equations; wave equation; finite element; vector finite element; Whitney element; grid relaxation ID FINITE-ELEMENT METHOD; TIME-DOMAIN; SCATTERING PROBLEMS; SPURIOUS MODES; EDGE-ELEMENTS; OPTIMIZATION; MESH; ELECTROMAGNETICS; DISPERSION AB The Time Domain Vector Finite Element Method is a promising new approach for solving Maxwell's equations on unstructured triangular grids. This method is sensitive to the quality, or condition, of the grid. In this study grid pre-conditioning techniques, such as edge swapping, Laplacian smoothing, and energy minimization, are shown to improve the accuracy of the solution and also reduce the overall computational effort. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 UNIV CALIF DAVIS, DEPT APPL SCI, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94551 USA. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0029-5981 EI 1097-0207 J9 INT J NUMER METH ENG JI Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. PD OCT 30 PY 1997 VL 40 IS 20 BP 3815 EP 3837 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(19971030)40:20<3815::AID-NME244>3.0.CO;2-N PG 23 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Mathematics GA YA185 UT WOS:A1997YA18500007 ER PT J AU Thompson, DW Wallace, AW Swayambunathan, V Endicott, JF Petersen, JD Ronco, SE Hsiao, JS Schoonover, JR AF Thompson, DW Wallace, AW Swayambunathan, V Endicott, JF Petersen, JD Ronco, SE Hsiao, JS Schoonover, JR TI Intersystem-crossing dynamics in heterodinuclear polypyridyl-bridged complexes SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Letter ID PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; TRANSITION-METAL COMPLEXES; DONOR-ACCEPTOR COMPLEXES; EXCITED-STATE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; PENTACYANOFERRATE(II) COMPLEXES; IRON(II) COMPLEXES; CHARGE-TRANSFER; SPIN-CROSSOVER; TRIS(2,2'-BIPYRIDINE)RUTHENIUM(II) LUMINESCENCE AB The excited-state properties of [(L)(4)M-II(dpp)Ru-II(bpy)(2)](PF6)(n) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; dpp = (2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine); (L)(4)M-II = (NH3)(4)Ru-II (n = 4) Or (CN)(4)Fe-II (n = 0)) have been investigated by steady-state and time-resolved picosecond and nanosecond transient luminescence and absorption spectroscopic methods. The [(NH3)(4)Ru-II(dpp)Ru-II(bpy)(2)](4+*) complex is nonemissive in room-temperature H2O solution. Picosecond laser flash photolysis of [(NH3)(4)Ru-II(dpp)Ru-II(bpy)(2)](4+) reveals the formation of a trans lent sp cc ies th at decays exponentially (tau = 290 (+/-80) ps) independent of excitation wavelength. The excited-state behavior of [(NC)(4)Fe-II(dpp)Ru-II(bpy)(2)]* display a complicated dependence on excitation wavelength. Following 591-nm pulsed laser excitation into the (1)[(d pi)(Fe)(5)(pi*)(dpp)(1)]<--(1)[(d pi)(Fe)(6)] metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band, a short-lived transient is formed with tau < 80 ps. Laser excitation at 354.7 nm into the (1)[(d pi)(Ru)(5)(pi*)(bpy/dpp)(1)]<--(1)[(d pi)(Ru)(6)] MLCT transition produces a transient species with tau > 200 ns. One explanation for the wavelength-dependent photophysics of the [(NC)(4)Fe-II(dpp)Ru-II(bpy)(2)] is that the Fe-II metal center undergoes a low-to high-spin interconversion following (1)[(d pi)(Ru)(5)(pi*)(bpy/dpp)(1)]<--(1)[(d pi)(Ru)(6)] excitation, a process not accessible via direct (1)[(dst)(Fe)(5)(pi*)(dpp)(1)]<--(1)[(d pi)(Ru)(6)] excitation. C1 CLEMSON UNIV,DEPT CHEM,CLEMSON,SC 29634. UNIV S DAKOTA,DEPT CHEM,VERMILLION,SD 57069. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV,BIOSCI BIOTECHNOL GRP CST 4,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Thompson, DW (reprint author), WAYNE STATE UNIV,DEPT CHEM,DETROIT,MI 48202, USA. NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 30 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 44 BP 8152 EP 8156 DI 10.1021/jp971726t PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA YE041 UT WOS:A1997YE04100002 ER PT J AU Blais, NC Engelke, R Sheffield, SA AF Blais, NC Engelke, R Sheffield, SA TI Mass spectroscopic study of the chemical reaction zone in detonating liquid nitromethane SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ACI ION; PRESSURE; TEMPERATURE AB We report a time-of-flight mass spectroscopic study of the chemical reaction zone in base-sensitized detonating liquid nitromethane (NM-CH3NO2). Mass spectra of the reaction zone region are presented for cases where the CH3NO2, (CH3NO2)-C-13, and CD3NO2 forms of NM were detonated. In experiments in which detonation was made to occur, the detonation process was initiated by a slapper detonator system. The NM explosives were confined in steel, and the charge geometry was chosen such that the detonations were traveling steadily by the time the detonation wave reached the end of the charge. Various nondetonation control experiments were also performed and are described. Two-dimensional numerical fluid-dynamic computations that mimic the experimental system were performed in order to help in the interpretation. We estimate that, for the base-sensitized NM explosive used, the steady two-dimensional chemical-reaction zone is ca. 50 mu m in spatial extent and has a time duration of ca. 7 ns. The most important result obtained is that the new chemical species that are observed in the reaction zone are the result of condensation reactions where two or more Nhl molecules combine to form molecules more massive than NM or produce molecules in which numerous nitrogen atoms are present. A brief review of earlier work on this problem is presented to aid readers in understanding the new results. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 36 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD OCT 30 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 44 BP 8285 EP 8295 DI 10.1021/jp971928p PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA YE041 UT WOS:A1997YE04100021 ER PT J AU Zhang, D Ward, RS Shen, YR Somorjai, GA AF Zhang, D Ward, RS Shen, YR Somorjai, GA TI Environment-induced surface structural changes of a polymer: An in situ IR plus visible sum-frequency spectroscopic study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; WATER-INTERFACE; ESCA; ORIENTATION; GENERATION; HYDROGELS; LONG AB IR + visible sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy has been used to monitor structural changes of a polymer surface in response to alteration of environment. The polymer studied is of the polyurethane type, with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) grafted on as end groups. Our data reveal that the polymer surface undergoes a significant restructuring when transferred from air to water. With the polymer exposed to air, the surface spectrum shows that the hydrophobic PDMS segments cover most of the surface. When immersed hr water, the PDMS component retreats from the surface whereas the initially ''buried'', more hydrophilic part of the polymer chain appears at the surface. The surface structural transformation in response to the environmental change from air to water takes about 25 h at 300 K. The structural change is reversible upon dehydration, but takes only 3 h. The results point to the need to characterize the polymer surface in its working environment in order to correctly describe its surface properties, The consistency between the sum-frequency generation (SFG) data and the contact angle measurement in characterizing the hydrophobicity of the polymer surface demonstrates that SFG is a powerful spectroscopic probe to study and provide insight into how polymer surfaces behave at a molecular level. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT CHEM,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. POLYMER TECHNOL GRP INC,BERKELEY,CA 94710. NR 23 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 1089-5647 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD OCT 30 PY 1997 VL 101 IS 44 BP 9060 EP 9064 DI 10.1021/jp9718358 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA YE039 UT WOS:A1997YE03900038 ER PT J AU Ustundag, E Zhang, Z Stocker, ML Rangaswamy, P Bourke, MAM Subramanian, S Sickafus, KE Roberts, JA Sass, SL AF Ustundag, E Zhang, Z Stocker, ML Rangaswamy, P Bourke, MAM Subramanian, S Sickafus, KE Roberts, JA Sass, SL TI Influence of residual stresses on the evolution of microstructure during the partial reduction of NiAl2O4 SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Evolution in Bulk Phases CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc DE residual stresses; microstructure; NiAl2O4; reduction reactions ID METAL-CERAMIC MICROSTRUCTURES; AL-O SYSTEM; POROSITY AB Metal-ceramic microstructures were formed in situ by the partial reduction (i.e. the reduction of only one of the metallic elements) of the spinel compound NiAl2O4. Depending on reduction conditions, these microstructures consist of Ni particles embedded in an alpha-Al2O3 or a multiphase matrix called 'defect spinel'. The volume shrinkage that accompanies the reaction generates residual stresses which profoundly affect the microstructure evolution. Conversely, formation of metastable, intermediate phases, generation of porosity and cracking are all observed and may act to relax the residual stresses. Electron microscopy observations as well as both neutron and X-ray diffraction residual stress measurements are used to study the influence of residual stresses on the microstructure evolution during the reduction process. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MANUEL LUJAN JR NEUTRON SCATTERING CTR,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. CORNELL UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,ITHACA,NY 14853. RI Ustundag, Ersan/C-1258-2009 OI Ustundag, Ersan/0000-0002-0812-7028 NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 30 PY 1997 VL 238 IS 1 BP 50 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00433-4 PG 16 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YF946 UT WOS:A1997YF94600007 ER PT J AU Fan, DN Chen, LQ Chen, SP AF Fan, DN Chen, LQ Chen, SP TI Effect of grain boundary width on grain growth in a diffuse-interface field model SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Evolution in Bulk Phases CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc DE grain boundary width; diffuse-interface field; grain growth ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; POTTS-MODEL; SOAP FROTH; DOMAIN-GROWTH; KINETICS AB The effect of grain boundary width on grain growth in the diffuse-interface held model is studied by analytical formulations and computer simulations. It has been shown that the grain growth kinetics will be slowed down if the number of grid points is insufficient to resolve the grain boundaries. When there are more then seven grid points in grain boundary regions, the grain growth is independent of the grain boundary width and the motion of a diffuse grain boundary is identical to its sharp-interface limit. The moments of grain side distributions reach stable values in the dynamically scaling regime and they are independent of the grain boundary width. It has been shown that, in addition to lattice anisotropy, coalescence affect the topological distributions. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16862. RP Fan, DN (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,MS B262,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Chen, LongQing/I-7536-2012 OI Chen, LongQing/0000-0003-3359-3781 NR 20 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 30 PY 1997 VL 238 IS 1 BP 78 EP 84 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00437-1 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YF946 UT WOS:A1997YF94600010 ER PT J AU Swiler, TP Tikare, V Holm, EA AF Swiler, TP Tikare, V Holm, EA TI Heterogeneous diffusion effects in polycrystalline microstructures SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Evolution in Bulk Phases CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc DE polycrystalline; heterogeneous; microstructures; diffusion ID GRAIN-BOUNDARY DIFFUSION; THIN-FILMS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; GROWTH; MODEL AB Diffusion in polycrystalline microstructures is influenced by two factors that are not considered in a simple continuum material description. These are kinetic effects, where the diffusivities of grain boundaries differ from those of the grains, and free-energy effects, where the driving force for diffusion is dependent on a free energy function that includes the phase of the diffusion medium as well as its composition. Simulation studies of kinetic diffusion effects in two-dimensional polycrystalline microstructures obtained from the Potts model have shown that the compositional gradients resulting from these effects are transitory in nature, and that average diffusivities are dependent on microstructural features such grain size, diffusion bottlenecks in grain boundary paths, and model lattice artifacts. Similar studies of free-energy effects using the phase-field model show that metastable grain boundary segregation of components occurs, and that the rate and nature of grain growth can be influenced by an imposed composition gradient. Collectively, these studies show that the two simulation techniques, finite-difference solutions of fast grain boundary diffusion in the polycrystalline microstructures obtained from the Potts-model and phase-field model solutions of diffusion in evolved and evolving microstructures with spatially dependent chemical potentials, are complementary in studying diffusional effects in polycrystalline microstructures. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RI Holm, Elizabeth/S-2612-2016 OI Holm, Elizabeth/0000-0003-3064-5769 NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 30 PY 1997 VL 238 IS 1 BP 85 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00441-3 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YF946 UT WOS:A1997YF94600011 ER PT J AU Vetrano, JS Bruemmer, SM Pawlowski, LM Robertson, IM AF Vetrano, JS Bruemmer, SM Pawlowski, LM Robertson, IM TI Influence of the particle size on recrystallization and grain growth in Al-Mg-X alloys SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Evolution in Bulk Phases CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc DE grain growth; particle size; recrystallization ID SUPERPLASTIC DEFORMATION; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; BEHAVIOR; SHEET AB Recrystallization and grain growth studies of Al-Mg-X (where X is Mn, Zr or Sc) alloys have been carried out using a combination of optical and transmission electron microscopy of interrupted heating tests, changes in hardness, and in-situ observations in the transmission electron microscope. Nucleation sites have been identified as typically large (> 1 mu m diameter) eutectic constituent particles, but also occasionally clusters of sub-micron dispersoids. By altering the density and size of the Mn-, Sc- and Zr-based particles with selected thermomechanical treatments, recrystallization could be suppressed up to temperatures near the melting point. These results can be explained by examination of the stored energy from cold work and the particle-substructure interactions due to the precipitate morphology. Implications of these results for grain size control in Al-Mg based alloys will be discussed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 UNIV ILLINOIS, DEPT MAT SCI, URBANA, IL 61801 USA. RP Vetrano, JS (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 18 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 30 PY 1997 VL 238 IS 1 BP 101 EP 107 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00445-0 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YF946 UT WOS:A1997YF94600013 ER PT J AU Charbon, C Swaminarayan, S AF Charbon, C Swaminarayan, S TI Modeling the microstructural evolution of thermoplastic composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Evolution in Bulk Phases CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc DE modeling; microstructure; composite ID CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; ONE SPHERULITE; POLY(PHENYLENE SULFIDE); GROWING 2D-SPHERULITE; GROWTH; MORPHOLOGY; POLYPROPYLENE; NUCLEATION; TEMPERATURE AB We present a new model for simulating the microstructural evolution and transformation kinetics of semi-crystalline thermoplastic composites. The model is based on a front-tracking method coupled with a cellular discretization to track the microstructural evolution. The model can predict not only the shape and size distribution of the spherulites in the sample, but also the shape of the lamellae within each of the spherulites. It is, to our knowledge, the first method which accurately models the impingement between spherulites and inclusions for a macroscopic sample. We compare our results with experiments and demonstrate the versatility of the model by using it to study the effect of different nucleation conditions on the final microstructure of fiber reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites. We show the effect of transcrystallinity on the transformation kinetics and microstructural evolution. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR MAT SCI,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 30 PY 1997 VL 238 IS 1 BP 166 EP 175 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00448-6 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YF946 UT WOS:A1997YF94600021 ER PT J AU Cai, ZX Zhu, YM AF Cai, ZX Zhu, YM TI Dislocation-assisted-diffusion model and the mechanism for bismuth cuprate 2212-to-2223 transformation SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Microstructural Evolution in Bulk Phases CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc DE dislocation-assisted-diffusion model; bismuth cuprate transformation; transmission electron microscopy ID INTERCALATED LAYERED SOLIDS; RIGIDITY; PHASE; KINETICS AB Recent transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments have shown that the transformation of the Bi cuprate 2212 phase to 2223 phase consists of random intercalation and fast growth of Ca/CuO2 planes in the Bi-2212 matrix. This contridicts with the prediction of the conventional nucleation and growth theory. A model is proposed which considers the cylindrical void created by the edge dislocation due to the insertion of a Ca/CuO2 plane to be a channel for fast ion diffusion. A layer-rigidity model is used to estimate the size of the void for Bi-2312/Bi-2223. The calculated void size for Bi-2212;Bi-2223 compounds is consistent with the existence of fast ion diffusion along the ab-plane. The experimentally observed time dependence of the volume fraction of Bi-2223 during the transformation is found to be consistent with a one-dimensional diffusion-controlled transformation mechanism, as predicted by our model. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A. RP Cai, ZX (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT APPL SCI,BLDG 480,POB 5000,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA LAUSANNE PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD OCT 30 PY 1997 VL 238 IS 1 BP 210 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0921-5093(97)00452-8 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA YF946 UT WOS:A1997YF94600027 ER PT J AU Binetruy, P Gaillard, MK Wu, YY AF Binetruy, P Gaillard, MK Wu, YY TI Supersymmetry breaking and weakly vs. strongly coupled string theory SO PHYSICS LETTERS B LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE LAGRANGIAN ANALYSIS; 2-LOOP RENORMALIZATION; SUPERSTRING THEORY; LOOP CORRECTIONS; NATURAL SOLUTION; MU-PROBLEM; SUPERGRAVITY; COUPLINGS; DEPENDENCE; MULTIPLET AB in the context of the field theory Limit of superstrings, we consider an almost realistic model of supersymmetry breaking by gaugino condensation which includes, through nonperturbative corrections to the Kahler potential, dilaton stabilization at a value compatible with a weak coupling regime. Invariance under modular transformations is ensured through a Green-Schwarz term and string threshold corrections, which lead to moduli stabilization at the self-dual point, We are thus in a position to discuss several issues of physical relevance: gravitino, dilaton and moduli masses, axion, soft supersymmetry breaking parameters and gauge coupling unification. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,THEORET PHYS GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV PARIS 11,PHYS THEOR & HAUTES ENERGIES LAB,CNRS URA D0063,F-91405 ORSAY,FRANCE. RP Binetruy, P (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,50A-5101,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 37 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0370-2693 J9 PHYS LETT B JI Phys. Lett. B PD OCT 30 PY 1997 VL 412 IS 3-4 BP 288 EP 295 DI 10.1016/S0370-2693(97)00989-1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA YG512 UT WOS:A1997YG51200008 ER PT J AU Sachs, SB Dudek, SP Hsung, RP Sita, LR Smalley, JF Newton, MD Feldberg, SW Chidsey, CED AF Sachs, SB Dudek, SP Hsung, RP Sita, LR Smalley, JF Newton, MD Feldberg, SW Chidsey, CED TI Rates of interfacial electron transfer through pi-conjugated spacers SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; DISTANCE DEPENDENCE; TRANSFER KINETICS; FERROCENE; GOLD; SURFACES C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973. STANFORD UNIV,DEPT CHEM,STANFORD,CA 94305. UNIV CHICAGO,DEPT CHEM,CHICAGO,IL 60637. RI Sita, Lawrence/F-6853-2010 NR 34 TC 307 Z9 308 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD OCT 29 PY 1997 VL 119 IS 43 BP 10563 EP 10564 DI 10.1021/ja972244y PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA YD815 UT WOS:A1997YD81500045 ER PT J AU Frantz, P Artsyukhovich, A Carpick, RW Salmeron, M AF Frantz, P Artsyukhovich, A Carpick, RW Salmeron, M TI Use of capacitance to measure surface forces .2. Application to the study of contact mechanics SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC SOLIDS; ADHESION; ENERGY; MICA; SEPARATION AB We performed capacitance measurements between silver layers on the back side of thin (<1 mu m) mica substrates in surface force apparatus to determine the contact area with very high precision (<0.1% of the total area) and at a rate that is faster (similar to 1 kHz) than that in more traditional methods based on interferometry. To demonstrate the capabilities of the technique, we measured the adhesion and adhesion hysteresis between two mica surfaces. A peculiar discontinuous decrease in contact area, with decreasing load, between two dry mica surfaces is observed. We also studied the possible effect of shear forces on the value of the contact area due to adhesive forces, as in JKR theory. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT PHYS,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 37 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD OCT 29 PY 1997 VL 13 IS 22 BP 5957 EP 5961 DI 10.1021/la9702650 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA YE126 UT WOS:A1997YE12600026 ER PT J AU Jiang, XL Myatt, E Lykos, P Stevens, FJ AF Jiang, XL Myatt, E Lykos, P Stevens, FJ TI Interaction between glycosaminoglycans and immunoglobulin light chains SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SULFATE PROTEOGLYCANS; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; AMYLOID FIBRILS; PROTEINS; DEPOSITION; HEPARIN AB Amyloidosis is a pathological process in which normally soluble proteins polymerize to form insoluble fibrils (amyloid), Amyloid formation is found in a number of diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, adult-onset diabetes, and light-chain-associated amyloidosis. No pharmaceutical methods currently exist to prevent this process or to remove the fibrils from tissue. The search for treatment and prevention methods is hampered by a limited understanding of the biophysical basis of amyloid formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are long, unbranched heteropolysaccharides composed of repeating disaccharide subunits and are known to associate with amyloid fibrils. The interaction of amyloid-associated free light chains with GAGs was tested by both size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis experiments, The results indicated that heparin 16 000 and chondroitin sulfate B and C precipitated both human intact light chains and recombinant light chain variable domains. Although all light chains interacted with heparin, the strongest interactions were obtained with proteins that had formed amyloid. Molecular modeling indicated the possibility of interaction between heparin and the conserved saddlelike surface of the light chain dimer opposite the complementarity-determining segments that form part of the antigen-binding site of a functional antibody. This suggestion might offer a new path to block the aggregation of amyloid-associated light chain proteins, by design of antagonists based on properties of GAG binding. A hexasaccharide was modeled as the basis for a possible antagonist. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,CTR MECHANIST BIOL & BIOTECHNOL,ARGONNE,IL 60439. IIT,DEPT CHEM,CHICAGO,IL 60616. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK43757] NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 28 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 43 BP 13187 EP 13194 DI 10.1021/bi970408h PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YD649 UT WOS:A1997YD64900006 PM 9341206 ER PT J AU Puustinen, A Bailey, JA Dyer, RB Mecklenburg, SL Wikstrom, M Woodruff, WH AF Puustinen, A Bailey, JA Dyer, RB Mecklenburg, SL Wikstrom, M Woodruff, WH TI Fourier transform infrared evidence for connectivity between Cu-B and glutamic acid 286 in cytochrome bo(3) from Escherichia coli SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HEME-COPPER OXIDASES; SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; LOW-SPIN HEME; UBIQUINOL OXIDASE; PARACOCCUS-DENITRIFICANS; BINUCLEAR CENTER; SUBUNIT-I; PROTON TRANSLOCATION; ELECTRON-TRANSFER; SPECTROSCOPY AB Photodissociation of fully reduced, carbonmonoxy cytochrome bo(3) causes ultrafast transfer of carbon monoxide (C equivalent to O) from heme iron to Cu-B in the binuclear site. At low temperatures, the C equivalent to O remains bound to Cu-B for extended times. Here, we show that the binding of C equivalent to O to CUB perturbs the IR stretch of an un-ionized carboxylic acid residue, which is identified as Glu286 by mutation to Asp or to Cys. Before photodissociation, the carbonyl (C=O)-stretching frequency of this carboxylic acid residue is 1726 cm(-1) for Glu286 and 1759 cm(-1) for Glu286Asp. These frequencies are definitive evidence for un-ionized R-COOH and suggest that the carboxylic acids are hydrogen-bonded, though more extensively in Glu286. In Glu286Cys, this IR feature is lost altogether, We ascribe the frequency shifts in the C=O IR absorptions to the effects of binding photodissociated C equivalent to O to Cu-B, which are relayed to the 286 locus, Conversely, the 2065 cm(-1) C equivalent to O stretch of Cu-B-CO is markedly affected by both mutations. These effects are ascribed to changes in the Lewis acidity of Cu-B, or to displacement of a Cu-B histidine ligand by C equivalent to O. C equivalent to O binding to Cu-B also induces a downshift of an IR band which can be attributed to an aromatic C-H stretch, possibly of histidine imidazole, at about 3140 cm(-1) The results suggest an easily polarizable, through-bond connectivity between one of the histidine Cu-B ligands and the carboxylic group of Glu286. A chain of bound water molecules may provide such a connection, which is of interest in the context of the proton pump mechanism of the heme-copper oxidases. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV CHEM SCI & TECHNOL,BIOSCI & BIOTECHNOL GRP CST4,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV HELSINKI,INST BIOMED SCI,DEPT MED CHEM,HELSINKI BIOENERGET GRP,FI-00014 HELSINKI,FINLAND. UNIV HELSINKI,BIOCENTRUM HELSINKI,FI-00014 HELSINKI,FINLAND. RI Wikstrom, Marten/A-4403-2008; Mecklenburg, Sandra/F-4571-2010 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM45807] NR 30 TC 112 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD OCT 28 PY 1997 VL 36 IS 43 BP 13195 EP 13200 DI 10.1021/bi971091o PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA YD649 UT WOS:A1997YD64900007 PM 9341207 ER PT J AU Bartnik, A Biemont, E Dyakin, VM Faenov, AY Fiedorowicz, H Goldstein, WH Jarocki, R Kostecki, J Osterheld, AL Palchikov, VG Qiu, YB Skobelev, IY Szczurek, M Zou, Y AF Bartnik, A Biemont, E Dyakin, VM Faenov, AY Fiedorowicz, H Goldstein, WH Jarocki, R Kostecki, J Osterheld, AL Palchikov, VG Qiu, YB Skobelev, IY Szczurek, M Zou, Y TI Measurements of the ground-state ionization energy and wavelengths for the 1snp P-1(1)0-1s(2) S-1(0) (n=4-10) lines of O VII SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HELIUM; SPECTRA; ATOMS; IONS AB The wavelengths of the Isnp P-1(1)o-1s(2) S-1(0) (n = 4-10) transitions in He-like O VII have been measured in laser-produced gas puff plasmas. The accuracy of the present measurements (1.5-3.0 m Angstrom) is a large improvement over previous results. In addition, the resonance transitions from the 8 P-1(l)o, 9 P-1(1)o, 10 P-1(1)o levels of He-like O VII were observed for the first time. Finally, the Rydberg series is used to determine the ground-state ionization energy of O vII. This method gives E-ion = 739.35 +/- 0.07 eV. These experimental results are compared with theoretical data calculated by different methods. C1 UNIV LIEGE,INST ASTROPHYS,B-4200 COINTE OUGREE,BELGIUM. VNIIFTRI,MULTICHARGED IONS SPECTRA DATA CTR,MENDELEYEVSK 141570,MOSCOW REGION,RUSSIA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. INST APPL PHYS & COMPUTAT MATH,BEIJING 100088,PEOPLES R CHINA. RP Bartnik, A (reprint author), MIL UNIV TECHNOL,INST OPTOELECT,PL-01489 WARSAW,POLAND. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 20 BP 4453 EP 4462 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/30/20/009 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA YD778 UT WOS:A1997YD77800009 ER PT J AU Qiu, YH Tang, JZ Burgdorfer, J Wang, FY AF Qiu, YH Tang, JZ Burgdorfer, J Wang, FY TI One- and two-electron emission from H- by high-energy photons SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID ABSOLUTE CROSS-SECTIONS; DOUBLE PHOTOIONIZATION; DOUBLE-IONIZATION; THRESHOLD; HELIUM AB The one-and two-electron photodetachment of H- is studied by using accurate Hylleraas initial-state and correlated 3C final-state wavefunctions in the high-energy range of 1-10 keV. The ratio R-ph between double-and single-electron ejection displays an approximately E-1 high-energy behaviour, R-ph(E)(%) approximate to 1.50 + 0.30/E(keV). The influence of both the initial-and final-state correlations is demonstrated. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. TULANE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NEW ORLEANS,LA 70118. RP Qiu, YH (reprint author), UNIV TENNESSEE,DEPT PHYS,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996, USA. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BS1 6BE SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD OCT 28 PY 1997 VL 30 IS 20 BP L689 EP L695 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/30/20/003 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA YD778 UT WOS:A1997YD77800003 ER PT J AU Gee, S Krauss, SW Miller, E Aoyagi, K Arenas, J Conboy, JG AF Gee, S Krauss, SW Miller, E Aoyagi, K Arenas, J Conboy, JG TI Cloning of mDEAH9, a putative RNA helicase and mammalian homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae splicing factor Prp43 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA; DEPENDENT ATPASE; U2 SNRNA; YEAST; SPLICEOSOME; PROTEIN; REARRANGEMENT; HYDROLYSIS; BINDING AB Yeast splicing factor Prp43, a DEAH box protein of the putative RNA helicase/RNA-dependent NTPase family, is a splicing factor that functions late in the pre-mRNA splicing pathway to facilitate spliceosome disassembly, In this paper we report cDNA cloning and characterization of mDEAH9, an apparent mammalian homologue of Prp43, Amino acid sequence comparison revealed that the two proteins are approximate to 65% identical over a 500-aa region spanning the central helicase domain and the C-terminal region, Expression of mDEAH9 in S, cerevisiae bearing a temperature-sensitive mutation in prp43 was sufficient to restore growth at the nonpermissive temperature, This functional complementation was specific, as mouse mDEAH9 failed to complement mutations in related splicing factor genes prp16 or prp22, Finally, double label immunofluorescence experiments performed with mammalian cells revealed colocalization of mDEAH9 and splicing factor SC35 in punctate nuclear speckles, Thus, the hypothesis that mDEAH9 represents the mammalian homologue of yeast Prp43 is supported by its high sequence homology, functional complementation, and colocalization with a known splicing factor in the nucleus, Our results provide additional support for the hypothesis that the spliceosomal machinery that mediates regulated, dynamic changes in conformation of pre-mRNA and snRNP RNAs has been highly conserved through evolution. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. CALTECH,DIV BIOL,PASADENA,CA 91125. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL45182, R01 HL045182, R56 HL045182] NR 31 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD OCT 28 PY 1997 VL 94 IS 22 BP 11803 EP 11807 DI 10.1073/pnas.94.22.11803 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA YD506 UT WOS:A1997YD50600013 PM 9342318 ER PT J AU Gupta, S Tuttle, G Sigalas, M Ho, KM AF Gupta, S Tuttle, G Sigalas, M Ho, KM TI Infrared filters using metallic photonic band gap structures on flexible substrates SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTALS AB Metallic photonic band gap (MPBG) filter structures operating at far infrared wavelengths have been designed, fabricated, and characterized, The MSBGs are multilayer metallic meshes imbedded in a flexible polyimide dielectric. Depending on the periodic pattern of the metal grids, the filters have either simple high-pass or more complex transmission characteristics. The critical frequencies of the filters depend on the spatial periodicity of the metal grids and the interlayer separation. Optical transmission measurements on a high-pass structure show cutoff frequency of 3 THz and attenuation of more than 35 dB in the cutoff region, in good agreement with predicted results. Band-reject filters show similarly good attenuation and large fractional bandwidths. The filters maintain their optical characteristics after repeated bending, demonstrating mechanical robustness of the MPBG structure. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics. [S0003-6951 (97)00743-2]. C1 IOWA STATE UNIV,MICROELECT RES CTR,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,US DOE,AMES,IA 50011. RP Gupta, S (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT ELECT & COMP ENGN,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 14 TC 71 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI WOODBURY PA CIRCULATION FULFILLMENT DIV, 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD OCT 27 PY 1997 VL 71 IS 17 BP 2412 EP 2414 DI 10.1063/1.120077 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA YC822 UT WOS:A1997YC82200002 ER PT J AU Carr, SB Afnan, IR Gibson, BF AF Carr, SB Afnan, IR Gibson, BF TI He-6(Lambda Lambda) as a Lambda Lambda interaction constraint SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID HYPERON-NUCLEON-INTERACTION; BARYON-BARYON SCATTERING; EXCHANGE-POTENTIAL APPROACH; S-SHELL HYPERNUCLEI; SHORT-RANGE PART; QUARK-MODEL; BINDING-ENERGIES; UNITARY SYMMETRY; REPULSIVE CORE; 3-BODY MODEL AB The Nijmegen OBE potential D is SU(3) rotated to model the strangeness -2 sector of the baryon-baryon force. Soft core repulsion is introduced to regularize the singular nature of the OBE functions. The strength of the S-1(0) t = 0 interaction is adjusted to model three scenarios: (1) a bound state, (2) a narrow virtual, or antibound, state, and (3) an unbound state in which the force is weakly attractive. Using a separable approximation to these potentials, the binding energy of He-6(Lambda Lambda) is calculated in an Lambda Lambda alpha model. The resultant binding energies suggest that the strength of the S-1(0) t = 0 Lambda Lambda and the nn interactions should be similar, if the coupling between the Lambda Lambda and Xi N channels is taken into consideration, (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Carr, SB (reprint author), FLINDERS UNIV S AUSTRALIA,FAC SCI & ENGN,DEPT PHYS,BEDFORD PK,SA 5042,AUSTRALIA. NR 79 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD OCT 27 PY 1997 VL 625 IS 1-2 BP 143 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(97)00480-6 PG 24 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA YJ902 UT WOS:A1997YJ90200008 ER PT J AU Burakovsky, L Goldman, T AF Burakovsky, L Goldman, T TI On D-wave meson spectroscopy and the K*(1410)-K*(1680) problem SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE quark model; potential model; D-wave mesons ID RELATIVIZED QUARK-MODEL; ANTIQUARK POTENTIAL MODELS; REGGE TRAJECTORIES; CHROMODYNAMICS; SYSTEMATICS; RESONANCE; HADRONS; MASSES; STATE AB The mass spectrum of D-wave mesons is considered in a non-relativistic constituent quark model. The results show a common mass degeneracy of the isovector and isodoublet states of the 1 D-3(1) and 1 D-3(3) nonets, and suggest therefore that the K*(1680) cannot be the I = 1/2 member of the 1 D-3(1) nonet. They also suggest that the eta(2)(1870), presently omitted from the Meson Summary Table, should be interpreted as the I = 0 state of the 1 D-1(2) nonet. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. RP Burakovsky, L (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,MS B285,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD OCT 27 PY 1997 VL 625 IS 1-2 BP 220 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(97)81461-3 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA YJ902 UT WOS:A1997YJ90200012 ER PT J AU Chrien, RE Sawafta, R Peterson, RJ Michael, RA Hungerford, EV AF Chrien, RE Sawafta, R Peterson, RJ Michael, RA Hungerford, EV TI Elastic and inelastic scattering of K+ from Li-6 and C-12 SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article DE experiment; 635 and 715 MeV/c K+, elastic and inelastic scattering from Li-6, C-12; measure sigma(theta); DWIA analysis; infer medium effects ID PION AB Cross sections for inelastic scattering of 635 and 715 MeV/c K+ from C-12 are compared with DWIA calculations in order to check for possible density-dependent effects on K+-nucleon cross sections within nuclei. New fits to 715 MeV/c K+ scattering spectra from Li-6 give elastic and inelastic cross sections and permit an evaluation of the density dependence of these effects. The same DWIA methods are also used to estimate quadrupole non-central contributions to elastic K+ scattering from the 1(+) ground state of Li-6, and these are found to be very small. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV COLORADO,NUCL PHYS LAB,BOULDER,CO 80309. OHIO UNIV,DEPT PHYS,ATHENS,OH 45701. UNIV HOUSTON,DEPT PHYS,HOUSTON,TX 77204. RP Chrien, RE (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 11 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD OCT 27 PY 1997 VL 625 IS 1-2 BP 251 EP 260 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(97)00384-9 PG 10 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA YJ902 UT WOS:A1997YJ90200014 ER PT J AU SchaffnerBielich, J Mishustin, IN Bondorf, J AF SchaffnerBielich, J Mishustin, IN Bondorf, J TI In-medium kaon production at the mean-field level SO NUCLEAR PHYSICS A LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS; SUBTHRESHOLD ANTIKAON PRODUCTION; RELATIVISTIC NUCLEAR COLLISIONS; MESON-EXCHANGE MODEL; NEUTRON-STAR MATTER; LAMBDA-HYPERNUCLEI; LAGRANGIAN APPROACH; DENSE NUCLEAR; CONDENSATION; EQUATION AB The in-medium mass and energy of kaons and antikaons are studied within the relativistic mean-field approach compatible with kaon-nucleon scattering data and are compared with predictions from chiral models. Implications for the subthreshold production of kaons and antikaons in heavy-ion collisions are discussed. On the mean-field level we find only small in-medium corrections for the relevant kaon production processes. The production of kaons is even less favourable at high density due to repulsive vector interactions, We conclude that one has to go beyond the mean-field level and take fluctuations and secondary production processes via resonances into account to explain the recently observed enhancement of kaon production at subthreshold energies. The situation is different for antikaons where in-medium effects strongly enhance their production rates. We also see strong in-medium modifications of the absorption processes for antikaons and Lambda's which might be visible in flow measurements. We predict that at high density the threshold energy for antikaon and Lambda production as well as for the annihilation become equal leading to similar numbers of antikaons and Lambda's in the dense zone of a relativistic heavy-ion collision. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV NUCL SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. IV KURCHATOV ATOM ENERGY INST,RUSSIAN RES CTR,MOSCOW 123182,RUSSIA. RP SchaffnerBielich, J (reprint author), NIELS BOHR INST,BLEGDAMSVEJ 17,DK-2100 COPENHAGEN,DENMARK. NR 75 TC 165 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9474 J9 NUCL PHYS A JI Nucl. Phys. A PD OCT 27 PY 1997 VL 625 IS 1-2 BP 325 EP 346 DI 10.1016/S0375-9474(97)81464-9 PG 22 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA YJ902 UT WOS:A1997YJ90200019 ER EF