FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT B AU Barshick, SA Griest, WH Vass, AA AF Barshick, SA Griest, WH Vass, AA BE Hicks, J DeForest, PR Baylor, VM TI Electronic aroma detection technology for forensic and law enforcement applications SO FORENSIC EVIDENCE ANALYSIS AND CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Forensic Evidence Analysis and Crime Scene Investigation CY NOV 20-21, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Off Natl Druf Control Policy, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Harris Corp, MITRE Corp, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Natl Inst Justice, US Customs, Fed Bur Investigat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Calif Peace Officers Assoc, Natl Forens Sci Technol Ctr DE aroma detection; sensor technology; polymer sensor array; neural network; forensic applications; drugs; accelerants; time since death AB A major problem hindering criminal investigations is the lack of appropriate tools for proper crime scene investigations. Often locating important pieces of evidence means relying on the ability of trained detection canines. Development of analytical technology to uncover and analyze evidence, potentially at the scene, could serve to expedite criminal investigations, searches, and court proceedings. To address this problem, a new technology based on gas sensor arrays was investigated for its applicability to forensic and law enforcement problems. The technology employs an array of sensors that respond to volatile chemical components yielding a characteristic ''fingerprint'' pattern representative of the vapor-phase composition of a sample. Sample aromas can be analyzed and identified using artificial neural networks that are trained on known aroma patterns. Several candidate applications based on known technological needs of the forensic and law enforcement communities have been investigated. These applications have included the detection of aromas emanating from cadavers to aid in determining time since death, drug detection for deterring the manufacture, sale, and use of drugs of abuse, and the analysis of fire debris for accelerant identification. The results to date for these applications have been extremely promising and demonstrate the potential applicability of this technology for forensic use. RP Barshick, SA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2343-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2941 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1117/12.266314 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH22A UT WOS:A1997BH22A00009 ER PT B AU Buchanan, MV Asano, K Bohanon, A AF Buchanan, MV Asano, K Bohanon, A BE Hicks, J DeForest, PR Baylor, VM TI Chemical characterization of fingerprints from adults and children SO FORENSIC EVIDENCE ANALYSIS AND CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Forensic Evidence Analysis and Crime Scene Investigation CY NOV 20-21, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Off Natl Druf Control Policy, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Harris Corp, MITRE Corp, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Natl Inst Justice, US Customs, Fed Bur Investigat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Calif Peace Officers Assoc, Natl Forens Sci Technol Ctr DE fingerprints; chemical analysis; gas chromatography mass spectrometry AB The observation that the fingerprints of children disappear from surfaces more quickly than those of adults initiated a study to characterize the chemical components in fingerprints. Samples were obtained from about 50 individuals ranging in age from three to 64 by extracting chemicals, from the fingertips using rubbing alcohol. Using combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, a wide range of compounds were identified It was found that the chemical compositions of fingerprints were quite different in children and adults. In general, the samples obtained from children contained higher levels of relatively volatile free fatty acids. Samples from adults were found to have higher concentrations of less volatile long chain esters of fatty acids. These esters are thought to originate from sebaceous glands located on the face and the levels of these compounds increase substantially after puberty. In addition to these compounds, a variety of other compounds were observed that could be used to develop improved methods for fingerprint detection at a crime scene. Further, de observation of specific compounds raises de possibility of being able to identify personal traits (gender, habits, diseases, etc.) via the analysis of components in fingerprints and/or skin. RP Buchanan, MV (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI,POB 2008,BLDG 5510,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Asano, Keiji/L-3164-2016; Buchanan, Michelle/J-1562-2016 OI Asano, Keiji/0000-0003-2254-3586; Buchanan, Michelle/0000-0002-8078-4575 NR 0 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2343-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2941 BP 89 EP 95 DI 10.1117/12.266300 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH22A UT WOS:A1997BH22A00012 ER PT J AU Nieto, MM Truax, DR AF Nieto, MM Truax, DR TI Holstein-Primakoff/Bogoliubov transformations and the multiboson system SO FORTSCHRITTE DER PHYSIK-PROGRESS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MULTIPHOTON SQUEEZED STATES; COHERENT STATES; GENERAL POTENTIALS; OSCILLATOR; SU(1,1); SU(2) AB As an aid to understanding the displacement operator definition of squeezed states for arbitrary systems, Eve investigate the properties of systems where there is a Holstein-Primakoff or Bogoliubov transformation. In these cases the ladder-operator or minimum-uncertainty definitions of squeezed states are equivalent to an extent displacement-operator definition. We exemplify this in a setting where there are operators satisfying [A, A(f)] = 1, but the A's are not necessarily the Fock space a's; the multiboson system. It has been previously observed that the ground state of a system often can be shown to to be a coherent state. We demonstrate why this must be so. We close with a discussion of an alternative, effective definition of displacement-operator squeezed states. C1 UNIV ULM,ABT QUANTENPHYS,D-89069 ULM,GERMANY. UNIV CALGARY,DEPT CHEM,CALGARY,AB T2N 1N4,CANADA. RP Nieto, MM (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV THEORET,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AKADEMIE VERLAG GMBH PI BERLIN PA MUHLENSTRASSE 33-34, D-13187 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0015-8208 J9 FORTSCHR PHYS JI Fortschritte Phys.-Prog. Phys. PY 1997 VL 45 IS 2 BP 145 EP 156 DI 10.1002/prop.2190450204 PG 12 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA WU391 UT WOS:A1997WU39100003 ER PT B AU Merkle, J AF Merkle, J BE Rossmanith, HP TI Professional inspiration SO FRACTURE RESEARCH IN RETROSPECT: AN ANNIVERSARY VOLUME IN HONOUR OF GEORGE R. IRWIN'S 90TH BIRTHDAY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Special Session on Fracture Research in Retrospect, in Honour of the 90th Birthday of George Rankin Irwin, at the 9th International Congress of Fracture (ICF-9) CY APR, 1997 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Lockheed Martin Energy Res Corp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-679-4 PY 1997 BP 207 EP 207 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BK60J UT WOS:000072713200012 ER PT B AU Cheverton, RD AF Cheverton, RD BE Rossmanith, HP TI A testimonial to Dr George Irwin's contributions to the longevity of the high flux isotope reactor SO FRACTURE RESEARCH IN RETROSPECT: AN ANNIVERSARY VOLUME IN HONOUR OF GEORGE R. IRWIN'S 90TH BIRTHDAY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Special Session on Fracture Research in Retrospect, in Honour of the 90th Birthday of George Rankin Irwin, at the 9th International Congress of Fracture (ICF-9) CY APR, 1997 CL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA C1 Lockheed Martin Energy Res Corp, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-679-4 PY 1997 BP 491 EP 491 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA BK60J UT WOS:000072713200033 ER PT B AU Cornacchia, M AF Cornacchia, M BE OShea, PG Bennett, HE TI Performance and design concepts of a free electron laser operating in the x-ray region SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges CY FEB 13-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE free electron lasers; x-rays; accelerators AB We report on the Design Study of a Free-Electron-Laser experiment designed to produce coherent radiation at the wavelength of 1.5 Angstrom and longer. The proposed experiment utilizes 1/3 of the SLAC linac to accelerate electrons to 15 GeV. The high brightness:electron beam interacts with the magnetic field of a long undulator and generates coherent radiation by self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE). The projected output peak power is about 10 GW. The project presents several challenges in the realization of a high brightness electron beam, in the construction and tolerances of the undulator and in the transport of the x-ray radiation. The technical solutions adapted far the design are discussed. Numerical simulations are used to show the performance as a function of system parameters. RP Cornacchia, M (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,LCLS DESIGN STUDY GRP,POB 4349,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2399-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2988 BP 2 EP 14 DI 10.1117/12.274368 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH88P UT WOS:A1997BH88P00001 ER PT B AU BenZvi, I Graves, W Heese, R Johnson, ED Krinsky, S Yu, LH AF BenZvi, I Graves, W Heese, R Johnson, ED Krinsky, S Yu, LH BE OShea, PG Bennett, HE TI BNL source development laboratory SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges CY FEB 13-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE UV laser; FEL; RF photocathode gun; pulse compression; SASE; high gain harmonic generation; CPA AB The NSLS has a long-standing interest in providing the best possible synchrotron radiation sources for its user community, and hence, has recently established the Source Development Laboratory (SDL) to pursue research into fourth generation synchrotron radiation sources. A major element of the program includes development of a high peak power FEL meant to operate in the vacuum ultraviolet. The objective of the program is to develop the source, and experimental technology together to provide the greatest impact on UV science. The accelerator under construction for the SDL consists of a high brightness RF photocathode electron gun followed by a 230 MeV short pulse linac incorporating a magnetic chicane for pulse compression. The gun drive laser is a wide bandwidth Ti:Sapphire regenerative amplifier capable of pulse shaping which will be used to study non-linear emittance compensation. Using the compressor, 1 nC bunches with a length as small as 50 mu m sigma (2 kA peak current) are available for experiments. In this paper we briefly describe the facility and detail our plans for utilizing the 10 m long NISUS wiggler to carry out single pass FEL experiments. These include a 1 I-lm SASE demonstration, a seeded beam demonstration at 300 nn, and a High Gain Harmonic Generation experiment at 200 nm. The application of chirped pulse amplification to this type of FEL will also be discussed. C1 BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE DEPT,UPTON,NY 11973. RP Johnson, ED (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,NATL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE DEPT,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2399-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2988 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1117/12.274377 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH88P UT WOS:A1997BH88P00002 ER PT B AU Milton, SV AF Milton, SV BE OShea, PG Bennett, HE TI Advanced photon source low-energy undulator test line SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges CY FEB 13-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers RP Milton, SV (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2399-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2988 BP 20 EP 27 DI 10.1117/12.274387 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH88P UT WOS:A1997BH88P00003 ER PT B AU Sheffield, RL Nguyen, DC Goldstein, JC Ebrahim, NA Fortgang, CM KinrossWright, JM AF Sheffield, RL Nguyen, DC Goldstein, JC Ebrahim, NA Fortgang, CM KinrossWright, JM BE OShea, PG Bennett, HE TI A compact 1 kW infrared Regenerative Amplifier FEL SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges CY FEB 13-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE FEL; free electron; laser; high power; infrared; 16 micron; far-infrared; kilowatt; regenerative amplifier AB This paper describes the design, construction,and initial operation of an infrared FEL designed for I kW average power. The experiment utilizes the existing Advanced Free-Electron Laser (AFEL) accelerator. An expected 6% extraction efficiency of electron beam power to optical power gives an overall wall-plug efficiency of approximately 1%. The 10 tb 20 MeV electron accelerator is 1.2 m long. This Regenerative Amplifier FEL (RAFEL) relies; on a few (less than ten)passes to reach saturation. The technique is similar to an FEL oscillator through the use of optical feedback to reach saturation. However, in this design the feedback is limited to less than 1% in the large signal regime. The chief advantage to this approach is that no mirror is exposed to a high peak intensity, enabling high-average power in a compact optical configuration. To compensate for the low optical feedback, the single-pass gain must be very high. In our design, the single-pass gain is 10(5) in the small signal regime. RAFEL is presently configured to operate at a wavelength near 16 microns. However, this system is scaleable to shorter wavelengths by increasing beam energy. Present results indicate that a single pass gain of 60 in the infrared has been observed. RP Sheffield, RL (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,MS H851,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2399-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2988 BP 28 EP 37 DI 10.1117/12.274394 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH88P UT WOS:A1997BH88P00004 ER PT B AU Vinokurov, NA Dejus, R Friedsam, H Gluskin, ES Maines, J Milton, SV Moog, ER Trakhtenberg, EM Vasserman, IB AF Vinokurov, NA Dejus, R Friedsam, H Gluskin, ES Maines, J Milton, SV Moog, ER Trakhtenberg, EM Vasserman, IB BE OShea, PG Bennett, HE TI Design considerations for the magnetic system of a prototype x-ray free electron laser SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges CY FEB 13-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE undulators; free electron lasers AB The design of the magnetic system for the high gain soft x-ray free electron laser is described. RP Vinokurov, NA (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2399-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2988 BP 64 EP 68 DI 10.1117/12.274399 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH88P UT WOS:A1997BH88P00008 ER PT B AU Lumpkin, AH AF Lumpkin, AH BE OShea, PG Bennett, HE TI Beam diagnostics challenges for future FELs SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges CY FEB 13-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE FELs; beam diagnostics; SER AB Designs are being developed to produce diffraction-limited sources based on storage-ring free-electron lasers (FELs) for the VUV and soft x-ray regime and linac-given FELs in the few Angstrom regime. The requirements an the beam quality in transverse emittance (rms, normalized) of 1-2 pi mm mrad, bunch length (1 ps to 100 fs), and peak current (1 to 5 kA) result in new demands on the diagnostics. The diagnostics challenges include spatial resolution (1-10 mu m), temporal resolution (<100 fs), and single-pulse position measurements (similar to 1 mu M). Examples of recent submicropulse (slice) work are cited as well as concepts based on spontaneous emission radiation (SER). The nonintercepting aspects of some of these diagnostics should also tie applicable to high-power FELs. RP Lumpkin, AH (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2399-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2988 BP 70 EP 77 DI 10.1117/12.274369 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH88P UT WOS:A1997BH88P00009 ER PT B AU Palmer, DT Wang, XJ Miller, RH Babzien, M BenZvi, I Pellegrini, C Sheehan, J Skaritka, J SrinivasanRao, T Winick, H Woodle, M Yakimenko, V AF Palmer, DT Wang, XJ Miller, RH Babzien, M BenZvi, I Pellegrini, C Sheehan, J Skaritka, J SrinivasanRao, T Winick, H Woodle, M Yakimenko, V BE OShea, PG Bennett, HE TI Commissioning results of the BNL/SLAC/UCLA symmetrized 1.6 Cell S-Band emittance compensated photoinjector SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges CY FEB 13-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB The BNL/SLAC/UCLA symmetrized 1.6 Cell S-Band emittance-compensated photoinjector has been installed at the Brookhaven Accelerator Test Facility(ATF). The commissioning results and performance of the photocathode injector are presented.: This photoinjector consists of the symmetrized BNL/SLAC/UCLA 1.6 cell. S-band photocathode radio frequency gun and a single solenoidal magnet for transverse emittance compensation.(1) The highest acceleration field achieved on the cathode is 150 MV, and the normal operating field is 125 MV/m, The quantum efficiency of the copper cathode was measured to be 4.5x10(-5). The measured quantum efficiency of the magnesium cathode is a factor of ten greater than that of copper after using both laser and laser assisted explosive electron emission cleaning. The transverse emittance and bunch length of the photoelectron beam were measured. The optimized rms normalized emittance for a charge of 329+/-12 pC is 2.0+/-0.3 pi mm-mrad. The bunch length dependency of photoelectron beam on the rf gun phase and acceleration fields were experimentally investigated. Electric and magnetic field asymmetries studies are presented. RP Palmer, DT (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2399-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2988 BP 78 EP 89 DI 10.1117/12.274370 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH88P UT WOS:A1997BH88P00010 ER PT B AU Schmerge, JF Reis, DA Hernandez, M Meyerhofer, DD Miller, RH Palmer, DT Weaver, JN Winick, H Yeremian, D AF Schmerge, JF Reis, DA Hernandez, M Meyerhofer, DD Miller, RH Palmer, DT Weaver, JN Winick, H Yeremian, D BE OShea, PG Bennett, HE TI SLAC RF photocathode gun test facility SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges CY FEB 13-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE RF gun; brightness; X-ray FEL; emittance compensation AB A high brightness electron injector is a necessary component for X-ray FELs. A dedicated TaF gun test facility is being developed at SLAG to measure the phase space-distribution from a photocathode RF gun generated electron beam. This Gun Test Facility will allow optimization of the beam brightness by independently adjusting parameters such as accelerating field, laser pulse shape and total charge. The test facility is comprised of a single S-band klystron, 3 m SLAG linac section, analyzing magnet, diagnostic section, a cathode drive laser and the gun under test. The laser is comprised of a Nd:YLF oscillator and a Nd:glass regenerative amplifier. The light incident on the cathode is capable of both normal and near grazing incidence and is currently frequency quadrupled into the UV. in the near future a Nd:glass oscillator will be installed which will be capable of generating pulses as short as 200 fs. This oscillator will be used to make emittance measurements as a function of the laser pulse width and shape. Both oscillators will be phase-locked to the 24th sub-harmonic of the linac frequency. Emittance measurements will be made downstream of the linac at an electron beam energy of approximately 30-50 MeV using a quad scan with a beam profile screen and/or a wire scanner to measure the spot size. A current transformer and a faraday cup will be used to measure the charge while a streak camera or a transition radiator can be used to measure the micropulse width. The first gun to undergo testing will be the BNL/SLAA/UCLA 1.6 cell symmetrized cavity gun with a copper cathode. With field gradients in the gun as high as 150 MV/m, using solenoidal emittance compensation and spatial and temporal flat top laser pulses, PARMELA simulations predict normalized emittances of < 1.5 pi mm-mrad with 10 ps long pulses and I nC of charge after acceleration in a 3 meter linac section to about 30 MeV. Appropriate additional acceleration can further reduce the emittance below 1 pi mm-mrad. RP Schmerge, JF (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,POB 4349,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2399-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2988 BP 90 EP 96 DI 10.1117/12.274371 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH88P UT WOS:A1997BH88P00011 ER PT B AU Fawley, WM AF Fawley, WM BE OShea, PG Bennett, HE TI Output characteristics of SASE-driven short wavelength FEL's SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges CY FEB 13-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE free-electron laser; SASE; x-ray FEL; numerical simulation AB This paper investigates various properties of the ''microspikes'' associated with self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) in a short wavelength free-electron laser (FEL). Using results from the 2-D numerical simulation code GINGER, we confirm theoretical predictions such as the convective group velocity in the exponential gain regime-In the saturated gain regime beyond the initial saturation. pre find that the average radiation power continues to grows with an approximately linearly dependence upon undulator length. Moreover, the spectrum significantly broadens and shifts in wavelength to the redward direction, with P(omega) approaching a constant: asymptotic value. This is in marked contrast to the exponential gain regime where the spectrum steadily narrows, P(omega) grows, and the central wavelength remains constant with z. Via use of a spectrogram diagnostic S(omega, t), it appears that the radiation pattern in the saturated gain regime is composed of an ensemble of distinct ''sinews'' whose widths Delta lambda remain approximately constant but whose central wavelengths can ''chirp'' by varying a small extent with t. RP Fawley, WM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,MS 47-112,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2399-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2988 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1117/12.274372 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH88P UT WOS:A1997BH88P00012 ER PT B AU Tatchyn, R AF Tatchyn, R BE OShea, PG Bennett, HE TI Prospects for the stimulation, control, and study of high-gain linac-driven x-ray Free-Electron Laser (FEL) interactions using high-power IR/visible/UV lasers SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges CY FEB 13-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE Free-Electron Laser (FEL); lasers; relativity; Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE); Coherent Amplification (CA); Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS); photocathode; Optical Klystron (OK); relativistic interferometry; ultra-short pulse; beam bunching; energy modulation; bunch compression; two-photon transitions; group velocity; refractive index; fluorescence; harmonics AB In recent years, substantial design studies have been initiated on Angstrom-wavelength Free-Electron Laser(FEL) schemes based on driving highly compressed electron bunches from a multi-GeV linac through long (30m-100m) undulators. Within the context of the technologies considered, the attainment of such parameters involves the development of large, complex, and highly costly technical systems, and the preliminary or concomitant execution of complex demonstration experiments to study Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE), or other gain mechanisms, on lower-energy linacs at longer wavelengths. In all phases of the FEL gain processes undertaken by such studies, the strength of the FEL radiation field in the electron bunch rest frame is typically no more than a fraction of a percent of the transformed undulator field. In contrast, recently-developed terawatt lasers in the IR/visible/UV regimes could be made to match or exceed a transformed undulator's field strength in an electron bunch of suitable energy, enabling high-level control of the FEL gain process, and thereby of the spectral and temporal parameters of the FEL output. Due to the highly non-linear nature of the radiation/electron bunch interaction, control and generation of high-power FEP,radiation with such lasers could,in principle, be extended well into the soft x-ray regime. In this presentation we discuss selected schemes for attaining high-power x-ray FEL output in radiation pulses of conventional or ultra-short duration, and examine ways in which lower-cost, equivalent studies of SASE gain at lower energies could be achieved. Selected applications to particle beam diagnostics are also examined. RP Tatchyn, R (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2399-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2988 BP 112 EP 126 DI 10.1117/12.274374 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH88P UT WOS:A1997BH88P00014 ER PT B AU Shinn, MD AF Shinn, MD BE OShea, PG Bennett, HE TI The Jefferson Laboratory IR Demo Project SO FREE-ELECTRON LASER CHALLENGES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Free-Electron Laser Challenges CY FEB 13-14, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE free-electron lasers (FEL); DC photoemission electron gun; high average power lasers AB The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (formerly known as CEBAF) has embarked on the construction of a 1 kW free-electron laser operating initially at 5 microns that is designed for laser-material interaction experiments and to explore the feasibility of scaling the system in power for Navy defense and industrial applications. The accelerator system for this IR Demo includes a IO MeV photocathode-based injector, a 32 MeV CEBAF-style superconducting radio-frequency linac, and single-pass transport that accelerates the beam from injector to wiggler, followed by energy-recovery deceleration to a dump. The initial optical configuration is a conventional near-concentric resonator with transmissive outcoupling. Following commissioning, the laser output will be extended to an operating range of 3-to-6.6 microns, and distributed to six labs in a user facility built with funds from the Commonwealth of Virginia. A description of the machine and facility and the project status are presented. RP Shinn, MD (reprint author), THOMAS JEFFERSON NATL ACCELERATOR FACIL,12000 JEFFERSON AVE,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2399-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2988 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1117/12.274379 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH88P UT WOS:A1997BH88P00019 ER PT J AU Ogino, T Packer, L Maguire, JJ AF Ogino, T Packer, L Maguire, JJ TI Neutrophil antioxidant capacity during the respiratory burst: Loss of glutathione induced by chloramines SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE neutrophil; glutathione; chloramine; respiratory burst; ascorbate; vitamin E; myeloperoxidase ID POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; ASCORBIC-ACID; OXYGEN; MYELOPEROXIDASE; GENERATION; METABOLISM; CHLORINATION; STIMULATION; SUPEROXIDE; PHAGOCYTES AB Low-molecular weight antioxidants in rat peritoneal neutrophils undergo rapid redox recycling, so measurements were made of their initial content and subsequent changes during the respiratory but-st, when superoxide formation is maximized. Endogenous vitamin E, ascorbate and total glutathione (reduced - oxidized) were not significantly changed during 30 min of respiratory burst, which was stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). When de novo synthesis of glutathione was inhibited by buthionine-[S,R] sulfoximine (BSO), the glutathione content rapidly decreased in activated neutrophils but not in resting cells. The lost total glutathione was recovered neither from the incubation medium nor as a protein-bound form, which suggests that irreversible oxidation of glutathione occurs. Furthermore, the glutathione loss continues even 30 min after PMA stimulation, when the respiratory burst has almost ceased. The decrease of glutathione was prevented by added catalase, or by addition of NaN3 or KCN which inhibits myeloperoxidase (MPO). Superoxide dismutase had no protective effects. These findings suggest the involvement of an MPO-H2O2-halide system in the accelerated consumption of glutathione during the respiratory burst. Additional studies showed that neutrophil-derived chloramines found in the extracellular medium could lead to intracellular glutathione loss. Incubation of resting cells with chemically produced membrane permeable monochloramine in the presence of BSO resulted in a decrease of glutathione, whereas membrane-impermeable taurine-chloramine was less effective. We conclude that chloramines are responsible for accelerated glutathione turnover in neutrophils during the respiratory burst. Permeable extracellular chloramines derived from the respiratory burst activity, such as monochloramine, can reenter cells and react with thiols. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,ENERGY & ENVIRONM DIV 251 LSA,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DEPT CELLULAR & MOL BIOL,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RI OGINO, Tetsuya/B-1999-2011 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM27345] NR 33 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 1997 VL 23 IS 3 BP 445 EP 452 DI 10.1016/S0891-5849(97)00115-9 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA XG674 UT WOS:A1997XG67400012 PM 9214581 ER PT S AU Whicker, FW Hinton, TG Niquette, DJ AF Whicker, FW Hinton, TG Niquette, DJ BE Desmet, G Blust, RJ Comans, RNJ Fernandez, JA Hilton, J deBettencourt, A TI Effects of a partial drawdown on the dynamics of Cs-137 in an abandoned reactor cooling reservoir SO FRESHWATER AND ESTUARINE RADIOECOLOGY SE STUDIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Seminar on Freshwater and Estuarine Radioecology CY MAR 21-25, 1994 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL AB The effects of a partial drawdown on Cs-137 dynamics in an abandoned nuclear reactor cooling reservoir, Par Pond at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, USA, were examined. The drawdown, which occurred in 1991, caused major ecosystem changes, exposed 5.3 km(2) of contaminated sediments, and led to hydrological changes that altered the limnology of the reservoir. Measurements of Cs-137 in sediments, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and aquatic plants were begun at the time of the drawdown and the status of these studies is reported. Cesium-137 concentrations in large-mouth bass muscle have increased steadily since the drawdown. The most likely cause is the decreased potassium concentrations in water resulting from a change in the primary water source for Par Pond. Decreased body condition of the bass as well as a greater average Cs-137 concentration in sediments in contact with the water column may also be contributing to the Cs-137 trend in the fish. Sedimentation rates and water turbidity were increased after the drawdown due to erosion processes, but the natural colonization of the littoral zone and lake bed by plants has reduced these problems. Preliminary data on Cs-137 in vegetation indicate higher but more variable concentrations in plants on the lake bed as compared to littoral zone macrophytes. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Whicker, FW (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1116 BN 0-444-82533-9 J9 STUD ENVIRON SCI PY 1997 VL 68 BP 193 EP 202 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BK99G UT WOS:000074021900016 ER PT S AU Hinton, TG Whicker, FW AF Hinton, TG Whicker, FW BE Desmet, G Blust, RJ Comans, RNJ Fernandez, JA Hilton, J deBettencourt, A TI A screening model approach to determine probable impacts to fish from historic releases of radionuclides SO FRESHWATER AND ESTUARINE RADIOECOLOGY SE STUDIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Seminar on Freshwater and Estuarine Radioecology CY MAR 21-25, 1994 CL LISBON, PORTUGAL AB The term "ecological risk; assessment" is often used to describe studies of contaminant concentrations, toxicity tests, or other components of ecotoxicological research. Absent in many of theses studies is the "risk assessment" component (i.e. the risk factor), which by definition equates exposure to a probabilistic prediction of a harmful effect (based on knowledge of exposure pathways and biological damage). This risk factor is the critical key in a risk assessment. Risk factors, however, do not generally exist for aquatic organisms, therefore, complete risk assessments are difficult to perform. We tried an alternative approach of using a screening model, and tested the concept by calculating dose to a fish population that has inhabited radionuclide contaminated waters on the Savannah River Site since 1954. The model input parameters were conservatively chosen so that fish dose was maximized. Ingestion and external irradiation from contaminated sediments and the water column due to H-3, Co-60, Sr-90, I-131, Cs-137 and Pu-239 were considered. Combining the dose from the six radionuclides across all pathways resulted in a dose rate to the fish of 0.23 mGy d(-1). Having estimated a dose rate, but lacking the necessary risk factors to perform a risk assessment, we compared our calculated dose to dose rates in the literature that have documented effects associated with chronic exposures. This comparison allowed us to qualitatively predict the probability of (1) mortality and (2) physiological effects encountered by the exposed fish population. C1 Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. RP Hinton, TG (reprint author), Savannah River Ecol Lab, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1116 BN 0-444-82533-9 J9 STUD ENVIRON SCI PY 1997 VL 68 BP 425 EP 432 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BK99G UT WOS:000074021900042 ER PT S AU Himmel, ME Adney, WS Baker, JO Elander, R McMillan, JD Nieves, RA Sheehan, JJ Thomas, SR Vinzant, TB Zhang, M AF Himmel, ME Adney, WS Baker, JO Elander, R McMillan, JD Nieves, RA Sheehan, JJ Thomas, SR Vinzant, TB Zhang, M BE Saha, BC Woodward, J TI Advanced bioethanol production technologies: A perspective SO FUELS AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass, at the 211th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Biotechnol Secretariat, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol ID RECOMBINANT ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ACID-SEQUENCE SIMILARITIES; ZYMOMONAS-MOBILIS GENES; HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; DILUTE SULFURIC-ACID; ETHANOL-PRODUCTION; TRICHODERMA-REESEI; GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES; ASPERGILLUS-NIDULANS; FUSARIUM-OXYSPORUM AB Conversion of the fermentable sugars residing in lignocellulosic waste and energy crops can conservatively yield approximately 100 billion gallons of fuel-grade ethanol per year in the United States alone. However, the cellulosic biomass-to-alcohol bioconversion process must be proven economical before industry can commercialize this technology. The U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fuels Development supports a program to develop a commercially viable process for producing ethanol transportation fuel from renewable biomass resources. Bioconversion technologies developed to date take advantage of a diverse array of pretreatments, followed by enzymatic or chemical saccharification, and fermentation. Progress during recent years in pretreatment and fermentation technologies promises to significantly improve overall process economics. Examples include the development of two-stage dilute acid, nitric acid/mechanical disruption, and countercurrent percolation pretreatments. Recently developed, genetically engineered ethanologens also promise to improve process economics and include Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces sp., and Zymomonas mobilis. These microorganisms reportedly ferment xylose and glucose mixtures with high efficiency. This review presents an up-to-date picture of the advanced technology aspects of unit operations key to successful biomass-to-ethanol processing plants with speculation about future focus in this field by NREL researchers. RP Himmel, ME (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB, BIOTECHNOL CTR FUELS & CHEM, 1617 COLE BLVD, GOLDEN, CO 80401 USA. RI Sheehan, John/O-7042-2014 NR 171 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3508-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 666 BP 2 EP 45 PG 44 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BH84J UT WOS:A1997BH84J00001 ER PT S AU Xiong, XY Adney, WS Vinzant, TB Chou, YC Himmel, ME Thomas, SR AF Xiong, XY Adney, WS Vinzant, TB Chou, YC Himmel, ME Thomas, SR BE Saha, BC Woodward, J TI Expression of Microbispora-bispora Bgl B beta-D-glucosidase in Streptomyces-lividans SO FUELS AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass, at the 211th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Biotechnol Secretariat, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CLOSTRIDIUM-THERMOCELLUM; MOLECULAR-CLONING; GENE; PURIFICATION AB Active, thermostable Microbispora bispora Bgl B beta-D-glucosidase was expressed in Streptomyces lividans TK24 cells transformed with plasmid pIJ702 carrying the bglB coding sequence under the control of Streptomyces longisporus STI-LI: trypsin inhibitor promoter. The recombinant enzyme, SlBgl B, has a molecular weight of 54 kDa, an isoelectric pH of 5.0, shows resistance to glucose inhibition, and is optimally active on o-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside at 57 degrees C. This recombinant beta-D-glucosidase was more active on aryl-glycosides than on cellobiose, We also report a successful mutagenesis strategy used to achieve increased levels of SlBgl B expression in this host organism Screening mutants created by low fidelity PCR using Tag polymerase in the presence of manganese ion revealed a series of up-regulated clones,one yielding 235 mg/L of SlBgl B. C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB, BIOTECHNOL CTR FUELS & CHEM, GOLDEN, CO 80401 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3508-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 666 BP 154 EP 171 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BH84J UT WOS:A1997BH84J00009 ER PT S AU Lee, JW Greenbaum, E AF Lee, JW Greenbaum, E BE Saha, BC Woodward, J TI A new perspective on hydrogen production by photosynthetic water splitting SO FUELS AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass, at the 211th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Biotechnol Secretariat, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol ID MARINE GREEN-ALGA; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; PLATINIZED CHLOROPLASTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PHOTOSYSTEM-I; LIGHT; PHOTOEVOLUTION; OXYGEN; BIOPHOTOLYSIS; PHOTOCURRENTS AB Present energy systems are heavily dependent on fossil fuels. This will eventually lead to the foreseeable depletion of fossil energy resources and, according to some reports, global climate changes due to the emission of carbon dioxide. In principle, hydrogen production by biophotolysis of water can be an ideal solar energy conversion system for sustainable development of human activities in harmony with the global environment. In photosynthetic hydrogen production research, there are currently three main efforts: (1) direct photoevolution of hydrogen and oxygen by photosynthetic water splitting using the ferredoxin/hydrogenase pathway, (2) dark hydrogen production by fermentation of organic reserves such as starch that are generated by photosynthesis during the light period, and (3) Two-stage hydrogen production in a combined fermentative and light-driven algae/bacteria system. In this chapter, the advantages and challenges of these approaches for hydrogen production are discussed in relation to a new opportunity brought by our recent discovery of a new photosynthetic water-splitting reaction [Nature, 373, 438-441 (1995); Science, 273, 364-367 (1996)], which, theoretically, has twice the energy efficiency of conventional water splitting via the two-light-reaction Z-scheme of photosynthesis. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM TECHNOL, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3508-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 666 BP 209 EP 222 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BH84J UT WOS:A1997BH84J00011 ER PT S AU Datta, R Tsai, SP AF Datta, R Tsai, SP BE Saha, BC Woodward, J TI Lactic acid production and potential uses: A technology and economics assessment SO FUELS AND CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass, at the 211th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 24-28, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Biotechnol Secretariat, Amer Chem Soc, Div Biochem Technol AB Lactic acid has been an intermediate-volume specialty chemical (world production 50,000 tons/yr) used in a wide range of food processing and industrial applications. Lactic acid has the potential of becoming a very large volume, commodity-chemical intermediate produced from renewable carbohydrates for use as feedstocks for biodegradable polymers, oxygenated chemicals, environmentally friendly ''green'' solvents, plant growth regulators, and specialty chemical intermediates. The recent announcements of plant expansions and building of new development-scale plants for producing lactic acid and/or polymer intermediates by major U.S. companies, such as Cargill, Chronopol, A.E. Staley, and Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), attest to this potential. In the past, efficient and economical technologies for the recovery and purification of lactic acid from crude fermentation broths and the conversion of lactic acid to the chemical or polymer intermediates had been the key technology impediments and main process cost centers. The development and deployment of novel separations technologies, such as electrodialysis (ED) with bipolar membranes, extractive distillations integrated with fermentation, and chemical conversion, can enable low-cost production with continuous processes in large-scale operations. The use of bipolar ED can virtually eliminate the salt or gypsum waste produced in the current lactic acid processes. Thus, the emerging technologies can use environmentally sound processes to produce environmentally useful products from lactic acid. The process economics of some of these processes and products can also be quite attractive. In this paper, potential products and recent technical advances in lactic and polylactic acid processes are discussed. The technical accomplishments at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and the future directions of this program at ANL are discussed. RP Datta, R (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB, DIV ENERGY SYST, WASTE MANAGEMENT & BIOENGN SECT, 9700 S CASS AVE, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3508-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 666 BP 224 EP 236 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BH84J UT WOS:A1997BH84J00012 ER PT J AU Kwei, GH Jorgensen, JD Schirber, JE Morosin, B AF Kwei, GH Jorgensen, JD Schirber, JE Morosin, B TI Rare-gas intercalation into fullerene interstices SO FULLERENE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium 3 on Expanded Horizons of Fullerene Science and Technology at the 4th International Conference on Advanced Materials (ICAM-IV) CY AUG 27-SEP 01, 1995 CL CANCUN, MEXICO ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; SOLID C60; C-60; PRESSURE; COMPRESSIBILITY; SCATTERING AB We review our neutron diffraction studies of the intercalation of the rare gases into the interstices of C-60 at pressures ranging from 0 to 6 kbar, primarily at room temperature, but also at other temperatures. Room temperature compressibilities of C-60 for both the face-centered-cubic and simple-cubic phases using Ar, which does not intercalate, as the pressure medium are in excellent agreement with the earlier work of David et al., while the values for He and Ne are slightly smaller than those using Ar. The rates of intercalation and release of Ne, at a number of different temperatures, have been measured and show that, at a given temperature, intercalation is much slower than release. Structural refinements of the Ne intercalated C-60 have been carried out for room temperature samples at many different pressures. These data suggest that Ne only intercalates into the octahedral hole and that the occupancy increases smoothly with pressure. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Kwei, GH (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1064-122X J9 FULLERENE SCI TECHN JI Fullerene Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 5 IS 1 BP 243 EP 256 DI 10.1080/15363839708011985 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA WG836 UT WOS:A1997WG83600017 ER PT S AU Kohlman, R Klimov, V Grigorova, M Shi, X Mattes, BR McBranch, D Wang, H Wudl, F Nogues, JL Moreshead, W AF Kohlman, R Klimov, V Grigorova, M Shi, X Mattes, BR McBranch, D Wang, H Wudl, F Nogues, JL Moreshead, W BE Kafafi, ZH TI Ultrafast and nonlinear optical characterization of optical limiting processes in fullerenes SO FULLERENES AND PHOTONICS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Fullerenes and Photonics CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE fullerenes; C-60; transient absorption; optical limiting; sol-gel glasses AB We present recent results of broadband femtosecond (fs) transient absorption (TA) and broadband nanosecond (ns) optical limiting (OL) studies of C-60 and derivatized C-60. Improvements in measurement techniques for fs TA spectra provide sensitivity to 10(-5) in differential transmission, allowing detailed comparison of excited-state spectra with established energy level diagrams, as well as comparison of the ratio of triplet to singlet excited-state absorption cross sections from TA spectra with those obtained by modeling time transients at different wavelengths. For derivatized fullerenes, which provide enhanced solubility and a ground-state absorption extended into the infrared compared with C-60 there is no spectral region where the triplet absorption cross section dominates the singlet as strongly as in C-60. Wavelength-dependent studies show that the OL response improves monotonically at longer wavelengths, demonstrating broadband limiting in all 6,6 mono-adducts and neat C-60. We report new approaches to processing sol-gel encapsulated fullerenes to improve the OL performance of solid-state materials to approach the response of solution limiters. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Kohlman, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2564-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3142 BP 72 EP 82 DI 10.1117/12.283754 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics GA BK15M UT WOS:000071357800008 ER PT S AU McBranch, DW Maniloff, ES Vacar, D Heeger, AJ AF McBranch, DW Maniloff, ES Vacar, D Heeger, AJ BE Kafafi, ZH TI Ultrafast holography and transient absorption spectroscopy in charge-transfer polymers SO FULLERENES AND PHOTONICS IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Conference on Fullerenes and Photonics CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE pi-conjugated polymers; photoinduced charge transfer; transient absorption; holography AB Charge-transfer polymers are a new class of nonlinear optical materials which can be used for generating femtosecond holographic gratings. Using semiconducting polymers sensitized with varying concentrations of C-60, holographic gratings were recorded by individual ultrafast laser pulses; the diffraction efficiency and time decay of the gratings were measured using non-degenerate four-wave mixing. Using a figure of merit for dynamic data processing, the temporal diffraction efficiency, this new class of materials exhibits between two and 12 orders of magnitude higher response than previous reports. The charge transfer range at polymer/C-60 interfaces was further studied using transient absorption spectroscopy. The fact that charge-transfer occurs in the picosecond-time scale in bilayer structures (thickness 200 Angstrom) implies that diffusion of localized excitations to the interface is not the dominant mechanism; the charge transfer range is a significant fraction of the film thickness. From analysis of the excited state decay curves, we estimate the charge transfer range to be 80 Angstrom and interpret that range as resulting from quantum delocalization of the photoexcitations. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP McBranch, DW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Chem Sci & Technol Div, Mail Stop J567, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2564-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3142 BP 161 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.293357 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics GA BK15M UT WOS:000071357800017 ER PT B AU Rabin, BH Williamson, RL Bruck, HA Wang, XL Watkins, TR Clarke, DR AF Rabin, BH Williamson, RL Bruck, HA Wang, XL Watkins, TR Clarke, DR BE Shiota, I Miyamoto, Y TI Residual strains and stresses in an Al2O3-Ni joint bonded with a composite interlayer: FEM predictions and experimental measurements SO FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 1996 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Functionally Graded Materials (FGM 96) CY OCT 21-24, 1996 CL AIST TSUKUBA RES CTR, TSUKUBA, JAPAN SP Soc Non Tradit Technol, FGM Forum, Sci & Technol Agcy, Japan HO AIST TSUKUBA RES CTR AB A cylindrical Al2O3-Ni joint bonded with a 4.0 mm thick composite interlayer of 40 vol.% Al2O3-60 vol.% Ni was fabricated by powder processing and the residual stresses and strains in the specimen were studied experimentally using neutron diffraction, x-ray diffraction and optical fluorescence spectroscopy. Experimental measurements were compared with finite element method (FEM) modeling results obtained using a variety of different constitutive assumptions. The predicted residual strain distribution within the Al2O3 along the center of the specimen was in excellent agreement with neutron diffraction measurements. Alternatively, the predicted peak strains and stresses within the Al2O3 along the specimen surface were significantly higher than those measured, suggesting stress-relief occurred near the free-edge during cooling. The mechanisms of stress relief are uncertain, however localized plasticity and damage within the composite interlayer are believed to play a role. RP Rabin, BH (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 0-444-82548-7 PY 1997 BP 387 EP 396 DI 10.1016/B978-044482548-3/50064-0 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BJ82W UT WOS:A1997BJ82W00063 ER PT B AU Williamson, RL Wright, JK Cannon, RM AF Williamson, RL Wright, JK Cannon, RM BE Shores, DA Rapp, RA Hou, PY TI Numerical analysis of the effects of substrate corners and interface convolution on residual stresses in oxide scales SO FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Aspects of High Temperature Corrosion, at the 190th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 08-09, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc AB Finite element simulations are used to examine residual thermal stresses and strains in protective Al2O3 Scales on Fe3Al specimens during cooling from oxide formation temperatures. Geometrically, the simulations focus on regions of local curvature, either due to corners or convolution of the substrate surface. The effects of the corner radius of curvature, convolution wavelength/amplitude ratio, and scale thickness, as well as the impact of aluminide plasticity, are considered. Localized plasticity is found to have a major influence on net deformation and the magnitude and location of maximum stress. Based on the calculations of residual stress and strain distributions prior to the development of any localized damage, key implications about the tendencies for damage are addressed. RP Williamson, RL (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-126-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 26 BP 16 EP 27 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BH09D UT WOS:A1997BH09D00002 ER PT B AU Hou, PY Cannon, RM Zhang, H Williamson, RL AF Hou, PY Cannon, RM Zhang, H Williamson, RL BE Shores, DA Rapp, RA Hou, PY TI Interface convolution and its effect on alumina scale spallation SO FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Aspects of High Temperature Corrosion, at the 190th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 08-09, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc AB Convolution, or wrinkling, of the oxide/alloy interface and the oxide scale often occur as a result of high temperature oxidation. From the top view, the oxide scale appears to be heavily buckled. However, the seals is often in good contact with the underlying alloy, at least in the initial stage of oxidation, and the substrate surface convolutes with it. In this study, the interface topographies of Fe-28Al-5Cr and Fe-18Cr-10Al (at%) alloys were characterized using atomic force microscopy. The wavelength of convolution was found to increase with oxidation time, in that the amplitude for a given wavelength first increased with time and then gradually decreased. On the iron aluminide alloy, the behavior depended on alloy grain orientation. The effects of convolution on scale spallation have been demonstrated to both facilitate void formation during oxidation and to inhibit crack propagation during cooling. The relative importance of these effects depends on the magnitude and the wavelength of the convolution. The mechanisms for convolution, pore formation and scale spallation are discussed. RP Hou, PY (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-126-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 26 BP 28 EP 40 PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BH09D UT WOS:A1997BH09D00003 ER PT B AU Renusch, D Veal, BW Natesan, K Koshelev, I Grimsditch, M AF Renusch, D Veal, BW Natesan, K Koshelev, I Grimsditch, M BE Shores, DA Rapp, RA Hou, PY TI Strain measurements in thermally grown alumina scales using ruby fluorescence SO FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Aspects of High Temperature Corrosion, at the 190th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 08-09, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc AB We have measured strains in alumina scales thermally grown on Fe-Cr-Al alloys by exploiting the strain dependence of the ruby luminescence line. Measurements were made on alloys with compositions Fe-5Cr-28Al and Fe-18Cr-10Al (at. %, bal. Fe) oxidized at different temperatures between 300-1300 degrees C with periodic cycling to room temperature. Significantly different levels of strain buildup were observed in scales on these alloys. Results on similar alloys containing a dilute ''reactive element'' (Zr or Hf) are also presented. We observe that scales on alloys containing a reactive element (RE) can support significantly higher strains than scales on RE-free alloys. With the luminescence technique, strain relief associated with spallation thresholds is readily observed. In early stage oxidation, the evolution of transition phases is monitored using Raman and fluorescence spectroscopies. The fluorescence technique also provides a sensitive probe of early stage formation of alpha-Al2O3. It appears that, in the presence of Cr2O3 or Fe2O3, the alpha-alumina phase can form at anomalously low temperatures. RP Renusch, D (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-126-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 26 BP 62 EP 73 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BH09D UT WOS:A1997BH09D00005 ER PT B AU Pint, BA AF Pint, BA BE Shores, DA Rapp, RA Hou, PY TI The morphology of Al2O3 scales: Indicators of phase, growth mechanisms, and grain boundary segregation SO FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Aspects of High Temperature Corrosion, at the 190th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 08-09, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc AB Advanced analytical characterization work over the past decade has resulted in an increased understanding of the formation, growth and adhesion of alumina scales. It is proposed that much of this same type of information can now be inferred from scanning electron microscopy images of the Al2O3 Scale morphology. The presence of blade-like grains is an indicator of metastable alumina phases and an outward growth mechanism. Large surface ridges indicate that the scale has transformed to alpha-Al2O3. A columnar grain structure is associated with an inward growth mechanism while an equiaxed grain structure typically forms when both Al and O diffusion is occurring. Grain boundary segregation typically results in a fine grain size at the scale-gas interface. Examples are given from Ni- and Fe-base alumina formers to illustrate these correlations. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-126-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 26 BP 74 EP 85 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BH09D UT WOS:A1997BH09D00006 ER PT B AU Koshelev, I Paulikas, AP Veal, BW AF Koshelev, I Paulikas, AP Veal, BW BE Shores, DA Rapp, RA Hou, PY TI Refracted x-ray fluorescence (RXF) applied to the study of thermally grown oxide scales SO FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Aspects of High Temperature Corrosion, at the 190th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 08-09, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc AB Refracted x-ray fluorescence (RXF) is a relatively new technique developed for studying properties of thin films. Here, the technique is applied to the study of thermally grown oxide scales. The evolution of chromia scales on Fe-25Cr-20Ni-0.3Y alloys and of an alumina scale on beta-NiAl are investigated. The technique provides scale composition and depth profile information, scale thicknesses and growth rates, and information about transient phase evolution. RP Koshelev, I (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-126-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 26 BP 86 EP 96 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BH09D UT WOS:A1997BH09D00007 ER PT B AU Pint, BA Alexander, KB AF Pint, BA Alexander, KB BE Shores, DA Rapp, RA Hou, PY TI Grain boundary segregation of cation dopants in alpha-Al2O3 scales SO FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Aspects of High Temperature Corrosion, at the 190th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 08-09, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc AB A Fe-20at%Cr-10%Al matrix was dispersed with a wide range of different oxides in order to study the effect of oxygen-active dopants on the high-temperature growth and adhesion of alpha-Al2O3 scales. The effect of these various cation dopants on the alumina scale microstructure has been correlated with dopant ion segregation to the alpha-Al2O3 grain boundaries using analytical electron microscopy. Elements such as Mn and V showed little effect on the oxide scale and were not observed to segregate. Elements such as Y and Gd resulted in finer, more columnar alpha-Al2O3 grains and were segregated to scale grain boundaries. However, Ti, Ta, Ca and Nb also were found to segregate but had a lesser effect on scale morphology. These results indicate that cation segregation to scale grain boundaries is not a sufficient condition to achieve beneficial oxidation effects. The driving force for segregation in growing alumina scales is discussed. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-126-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 26 BP 97 EP 108 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BH09D UT WOS:A1997BH09D00008 ER PT B AU Tortorelli, PF Pint, BA AF Tortorelli, PF Pint, BA BE Shores, DA Rapp, RA Hou, PY TI Oxidation behavior of Cr-Cr2Nb alloys SO FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Aspects of High Temperature Corrosion, at the 190th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 08-09, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc AB Oxidation of hypoeutectic Cr-Cr2Nb alloys containing 6 and 12% Nb at 950 degrees C resulted in the formation of a multiproduct scale consisting of a continuous Cr2O3 outer layer and an inner region of discrete CrNbO4 products interspersed with Cr2O3. Overall oxidation behavior resembled that of chromium as reactions with the Cr-rich phase tended to dominate. Oxidation resistance, in terms of reaction kinetics and scale adherence, increased with increasing volume fraction of the Cr-Cr2Nb eutectic phase. A model for the oxidation of these alloys based on the growth of Cr2O3 on the Cr-rich matrix regions and the formation of a slower growing CrNbO4 on the Cr2Nb-enriched phase can qualitatively explain the development of the multiproduct scale and the observed gravimetric and spallation results. Possible microstructural/compositional modifications to improve oxidation resistance are suggested. RP Tortorelli, PF (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-126-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 26 BP 174 EP 185 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BH09D UT WOS:A1997BH09D00014 ER PT B AU Muralidharan, G Wu, XZ You, HD Paulikas, AP Veal, BW AF Muralidharan, G Wu, XZ You, HD Paulikas, AP Veal, BW BE Shores, DA Rapp, RA Hou, PY TI Early stages in the high temperature cyclic oxidation of beta-NiAl: An x-ray reflectivity study SO FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION SE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamental Aspects of High Temperature Corrosion, at the 190th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 08-09, 1996 CL SAN ANTONIO, TX SP Electrochem Soc AB Early stages in the cyclic oxidation of beta-NiAl at 500 degrees C, 600 degrees C, 700 degrees C and 800 degrees C were investigated using the technique of x-ray reflectivity. By fitting the data to a model function, oxide layer thickness, roughness of the oxide-vapor interface, and the roughness of the oxide-substrate interface were obtained as a function of oxidation time and temperature. The time dependence of the oxide thickness was observed to be logarithmic at lower temperatures (500 degrees C and 600 degrees C) while a conventional t(0.5) kinetics was observed at the higher temperatures. Comparison of the roughness of the oxide-substrate interface with that of the oxide-vapor interface shows that for comparable oxide thicknesses and identical substrate conditions, the oxide-vapor interface was rougher than the oxide-substrate interface at all temperatures. This is consistent with the postulated growth mechanism (outward diffusion of cations) for oxide growth during the early stages of oxidation at these temperatures. RP Muralidharan, G (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 10 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2896 BN 1-56677-126-9 J9 ELEC SOC S PY 1997 VL 96 IS 26 BP 186 EP 197 PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Electrochemistry; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BH09D UT WOS:A1997BH09D00015 ER PT S AU Minniti, D Alcock, C Alves, DR Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Freeman, KC Griest, K Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Peterson, BA Quinn, PJ Pratt, MR Rodgers, AW Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Tomaney, A Vandehei, T Welch, D AF Minniti, D Alcock, C Alves, DR Axelrod, TS Becker, AC Bennett, DP Cook, KH Freeman, KC Griest, K Lehner, MJ Marshall, SL Peterson, BA Quinn, PJ Pratt, MR Rodgers, AW Stubbs, CW Sutherland, W Tomaney, A Vandehei, T Welch, D BE Bedding, TR Booth, AJ Davis, J TI Bulge delta Scuti stars in the MACHO database SO FUNDAMENTAL STELLAR PROPERTIES: THE INTERACTION BETWEEN OBSERVATION AND THEORY SE IAU SYMPOSIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 189th Symposium of the International-Astronomical-Union on Fundamental Stellar Properties - The Interaction Between Observation and Theory CY JAN 13-17, 1997 CL UNIV SYDNEY, WOMENS COLLEGE, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA SP Int Astron Union HO UNIV SYDNEY, WOMENS COLLEGE ID VARIABLE-STARS; LUMINOSITY C1 UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, SAN DIEGO, CA 92103 USA. UNIV OXFORD, OXFORD OX1 2JD, ENGLAND. MCMASTER UNIV, HAMILTON, ON L8S 4L8, CANADA. RP Minniti, D (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA 94550 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0074-1809 BN 0-7923-4651-3 J9 IAU SYMP PY 1997 IS 189 BP 293 EP 298 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJ51R UT WOS:A1997BJ51R00039 ER PT S AU McGuire, KM Barnes, CW Batha, SH Beer, MA Bell, MG Bell, RE Belov, A Berk, HL Bernabei, S Bitter, M Breizman, BN Bretz, NL Budny, RV Bush, CE Callen, JD Cauffman, S Chang, CS Chang, Z Cheng, CZ Cottrell, GA Darrow, DS Dendy, RO Dorland, W Duong, H Efthimion, PC Ernst, D Evenson, H Fisch, NJ Fisher, R Fonck, RJ Forest, CB Fredrickson, ED Fu, GY Furth, HP Goloborod'ko, VY Gorelenkov, NN Grek, B Grisham, LR Hammett, GW Hanson, GR Hawryluk, RJ Heidbrink, WW Herrmann, HW Herrmann, M Hill, KW Hogan, J Hooper, B Hosea, JC Houlberg, WA Hughes, M Hulse, RA Jassby, DL Jobes, FC Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kaye, SM Kesner, J Kim, JS Kissick, M Krasilnikov, AV Kugel, HW Kumar, A Lam, NT LaMarche, P LeBlanc, B Levinton, FM Ludescher, C Machuzak, J Majeski, R Manickam, J Mansfield, DK Mauel, ME Mazzucato, E McChesney, J McCune, DC McKee, G Meade, DM Medley, SS Mika, R Mikkelsen, DR Mirnov, SV Mueller, D Nagayama, Y Navratil, GA Nazikian, R Okabayashi, M Owens, DK Park, HK Park, W Parks, P Paul, SF Petrov, MP Phillips, CK Phillips, M Phillips, P Ramsey, AT Redi, MH Rewoldt, G Reznik, S Rogers, JH Roquemore, AL Ruskov, E Sabbagh, SA Sasao, M Schilling, G Schivell, J Schmidt, GL Scott, SD Semenov, IB Senko, T Sesnic, S Skinner, CH Stevenson, T Stodiek, W Strachan, JD Strait, EJ Stratton, BC Synakowski, EJ Takahashi, H Tang, WM Taylor, G Terry, JL Thompson, ME Von Goeler, S Von Halle, A Walters, RT Wang, S White, RB Wieland, RM Williams, M Wilson, JR Wong, KL Wurden, GA Yamada, M Yavorski, V Young, KM Zakharov, LE Zarnstorff, MC Zweben, SJ AF McGuire, KM Barnes, CW Batha, SH Beer, MA Bell, MG Bell, RE Belov, A Berk, HL Bernabei, S Bitter, M Breizman, BN Bretz, NL Budny, RV Bush, CE Callen, JD Cauffman, S Chang, CS Chang, Z Cheng, CZ Cottrell, GA Darrow, DS Dendy, RO Dorland, W Duong, H Efthimion, PC Ernst, D Evenson, H Fisch, NJ Fisher, R Fonck, RJ Forest, CB Fredrickson, ED Fu, GY Furth, HP Goloborod'ko, VY Gorelenkov, NN Grek, B Grisham, LR Hammett, GW Hanson, GR Hawryluk, RJ Heidbrink, WW Herrmann, HW Herrmann, M Hill, KW Hogan, J Hooper, B Hosea, JC Houlberg, WA Hughes, M Hulse, RA Jassby, DL Jobes, FC Johnson, DW Kaita, R Kaye, SM Kesner, J Kim, JS Kissick, M Krasilnikov, AV Kugel, HW Kumar, A Lam, NT LaMarche, P LeBlanc, B Levinton, FM Ludescher, C Machuzak, J Majeski, R Manickam, J Mansfield, DK Mauel, ME Mazzucato, E McChesney, J McCune, DC McKee, G Meade, DM Medley, SS Mika, R Mikkelsen, DR Mirnov, SV Mueller, D Nagayama, Y Navratil, GA Nazikian, R Okabayashi, M Owens, DK Park, HK Park, W Parks, P Paul, SF Petrov, MP Phillips, CK Phillips, M Phillips, P Ramsey, AT Redi, MH Rewoldt, G Reznik, S Rogers, JH Roquemore, AL Ruskov, E Sabbagh, SA Sasao, M Schilling, G Schivell, J Schmidt, GL Scott, SD Semenov, IB Senko, T Sesnic, S Skinner, CH Stevenson, T Stodiek, W Strachan, JD Strait, EJ Stratton, BC Synakowski, EJ Takahashi, H Tang, WM Taylor, G Terry, JL Thompson, ME Von Goeler, S Von Halle, A Walters, RT Wang, S White, RB Wieland, RM Williams, M Wilson, JR Wong, KL Wurden, GA Yamada, M Yavorski, V Young, KM Zakharov, LE Zarnstorff, MC Zweben, SJ GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Physics of high performance deuterium-tritium plasmas in TFTR SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 1 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID FUSION-TEST-REACTOR; MAGNETIC SHEAR; CURRENT DRIVE; TOKAMAK; CONFINEMENT; TRANSPORT; DISRUPTIONS; HELIUM; MODE AB During the past two years, deuterium-tritium (D-T) plasmas in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) have been used to study fusion power production, isotope effects associated with tritium fueling, and alpha-particle physics in several operational regimes. The peak fusion power has been increased to 10.7 MW in the supershot mode through the use of increased plasma current and toroidal magnetic field and extensive lithium wall conditioning. The high internal inductance (high-li) regime in TFTR has been extended in plasma current and has achieved 8.7 MW of fusion power. Studies of the effects of tritium on confinement have now been carried out in ohmic, NBI- and ICRF-heated L-mode and reversed shear plasmas. In general, there is an enhancement in confinement time in D-T plasmas which is most pronounced in supershot and high-li discharges, weaker in L-mode plasmas with NBI: and ICRF heating and smaller still in ohmic plasmas. In reversed shear discharges with sufficient deuterium NBI heating power, internal transport barriers have been observed to form, leading to enhanced confinement. Large decreases in the ion heat conductivity and particle transport are inferred within the transport barrier. It appears that higher heating power is required to trigger the formation of a transport barrier with D-T NBI and the isotope effect on energy confinement is nearly absent in these enhanced reversed shear plasmas. Many alpha-particle physics issues have been studied in the various operating regimes, including confinement of the alpha particles, their redistribution by sawteeth, and their loss due to MHD instabilities with low toroidal mode numbers. In weak shear plasmas, alpha-particle destabilization of a toroidal Alfven eigenmode has been observed. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP McGuire, KM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Wurden, Glen/A-1921-2017 OI Wurden, Glen/0000-0003-2991-1484 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-100797-3 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 19 EP 35 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56C UT WOS:000079102200002 ER PT S AU Fisch, NJ Herrmann, MC Darrow, DS Furth, HP Heeter, RF Herrmann, HW Hosea, JC Majeski, R Phillips, CK Rogers, JH Schilling, G Zweben, SJ AF Fisch, NJ Herrmann, MC Darrow, DS Furth, HP Heeter, RF Herrmann, HW Hosea, JC Majeski, R Phillips, CK Rogers, JH Schilling, G Zweben, SJ GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Prospects for alpha channeling: Initial results from TFTR SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 1 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID ION-BERNSTEIN WAVES; FUSION TEST REACTOR; PRODUCTS AB Numerical simulations show that for a reader-sized tokamak, a combination of excited toroidal Alfven eigenmodes (TAE) and mode-converted ion Bernstein waves (IBW) might extract more than half the energy from a birth distribution of alpha particles in a tokamak DT reactor. Preliminary results on TFTR are analyzed with a view towards addressing the underlying assumptions in these simulations. The data support several of the necessary conditions for realizing the alpha channeling effect. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Fisch, NJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-100797-3 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 271 EP 279 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56C UT WOS:000079102200020 ER PT S AU Nazikian, R Batha, SH Bell, MG Bell, RE Budny, RV Bush, CE Chang, Z Chen, Y Cheng, CZ Darrow, DS Duong, HH Efthimion, PC Fredrickson, ED Fu, GY Gorelenkov, NN LeBlanc, B Levinton, FM Majeski, R Mazzucato, E Medley, SS Park, HK Petrov, MP Spong, DA Synakowski, EJ Taylor, G Von Goeler, S White, RB Wong, KL Zweben, SJ AF Nazikian, R Batha, SH Bell, MG Bell, RE Budny, RV Bush, CE Chang, Z Chen, Y Cheng, CZ Darrow, DS Duong, HH Efthimion, PC Fredrickson, ED Fu, GY Gorelenkov, NN LeBlanc, B Levinton, FM Majeski, R Mazzucato, E Medley, SS Park, HK Petrov, MP Spong, DA Synakowski, EJ Taylor, G Von Goeler, S White, RB Wong, KL Zweben, SJ GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Observation of alpha particle driven Toroidal Alfven Eigenmodes in TFTR DT plasmas SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 1 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID DEUTERIUM-TRITIUM EXPERIMENTS; FUSION TEST REACTOR; ION TEMPERATURE; TAE MODES; Q-PROFILE; DIII-D; TOKAMAK; STABILITY; FLUCTUATIONS; SIMULATIONS AB Toroidal Alfven Eigenmodes (TAEs) driven by energetic alpha particles have been observed for the first Lime in TFTR DT plasmas. These modes occur 100-300 ms after the termination of DT neutral beam injection in plasmas with elevated central safety factor (q(0) > 1) and reduced central magnetic shear. TAEs are observed with very low central alpha particle pressure (beta(alpha)(0) greater than or equal to 0.01%, beta(alpha) = alpha particle pressure/magnetic pressure) in q(0) > 2 discharges, consistent with linear stability calculations for plasmas with elevated q(0) and low beam ion damping following the end of neutral beam injection. Modes appear in the TAE range of frequencies. 150-250 kHz, with toroidal mode numbers n = 2, 3, 4. From core reflectometer measurements the dominant n = 3 mode is localized near r/a approximate to 0.3-0.4, which coincides with the region of large (V) over bar beta(alpha). No enhanced alpha loss or significant alpha redistribution is measured during the TAB activity, consistent with nonlinear simulations for a single core localized mode with weak linear growth rate (gamma/omega < 0.5%) and low saturated amplitude (B) over tilde(0)/B - 10(-5). C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Nazikian, R (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-100797-3 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 281 EP 292 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56C UT WOS:000079102200021 ER PT S AU Manickam, J Fredrickson, ED Chang, Z Okabayashi, M Bell, MG Budny, RV Park, W Schmidt, GL Zarnstorff, MC Levinton, FM Batha, SH Hender, TC Gimblett, CG Hastie, RJ Phillips, M Hughes, MH Sabbagh, SA AF Manickam, J Fredrickson, ED Chang, Z Okabayashi, M Bell, MG Budny, RV Park, W Schmidt, GL Zarnstorff, MC Levinton, FM Batha, SH Hender, TC Gimblett, CG Hastie, RJ Phillips, M Hughes, MH Sabbagh, SA CA TFTR Grp GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI MHD stability studies in reversed shear plasmas in TFTR SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 1 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC STABILITY; TOKAMAKS; MODES AB MHD phenomena in reversed shear plasmas in TFTR are described for each of the three phases of the evolution of these discharges: the current ramp, high power neutral beam heating and after the beam power has been reduced. Theoretical analysis of discharges which disrupted in the high-beta phase indicates that the beta-limit is set by the ideal n = 1 infernal/kink mode. The mode structure of the disruption precursor reconstructed from the electron temperature data compares favorably with the predicted displacement vector from the ideal MHD model. In contrast, disruptions during the early and late phases are due to resistive instabilities, double tearing modes coupled to high-m edge modes. The resistive interchange mode, predicted to be unstable in reversed shear plasmas, is not seen in the experiment. Neo-classical tearing mode theory is shown to describe the non-disruptive MHD phenomena. A nonlinear resistive MHD simulation reproduces off-axis sawtooth-like crashes during the post-beam phase. The dependence of the beta-limit on the pressure peakedness and q(mln) is discussed, showing a path to stable higher-beta regimes. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Manickam, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-100797-3 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 453 EP 462 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56C UT WOS:000079102200034 ER PT S AU Scott, SD Hammett, GW Phillips, CK Synakowski, EJ Batha, SH Beer, MA Bell, MG Bell, RE Budny, RV Bush, CE Dorland, W Efthimion, PC Ernst, D Fredrickson, ED Hosea, JC Kaye, SM Kotschenreuther, M Levinton, FM Liu, QP Majeski, R McCune, DC Mikkelsen, DR Park, HK Ramsey, AT Rogers, JH Sabbagh, SA Schilling, G Skinner, CH Taylor, G Von Goeler, S Waltz, RE Wilson, JR Zarnstorff, MC AF Scott, SD Hammett, GW Phillips, CK Synakowski, EJ Batha, SH Beer, MA Bell, MG Bell, RE Budny, RV Bush, CE Dorland, W Efthimion, PC Ernst, D Fredrickson, ED Hosea, JC Kaye, SM Kotschenreuther, M Levinton, FM Liu, QP Majeski, R McCune, DC Mikkelsen, DR Park, HK Ramsey, AT Rogers, JH Sabbagh, SA Schilling, G Skinner, CH Taylor, G Von Goeler, S Waltz, RE Wilson, JR Zarnstorff, MC GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Isotope scaling of heating and confinement in multiple regimes of TFTR SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 1 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID FUSION TEST REACTOR; H-MODE; DIII-D; TOKAMAK; TURBULENCE; TRANSPORT; PLASMAS; SHEAR AB The isotope effect on confinement has been studied in a variety of TFTR plasma regimes comparing deuterium to deuterium-tritium performance. The strongly favorable isotope effect observed previously in the peaked-density supershot regime (tau(E) proportional to [A](0.85)) has been observed also in the high, regime, with comparable strong increases in core ion energy confinement. In high-power beam-heated L-mode plasmas with broad density profiles, conditions which are more prototypical of ITER plasmas, deuterium-tritium plasmas attain 12-25% more thermal energy than comparable deuterium plasmas, corresponding to tau(E)(th) proportional to [A](0.5). ICRF-heated L-mode plasmas with 4 MW of heating show an 8-11% increase in total stored energy in deuterium-tritium plasmas, consistent with tau(E) proportional to [A](0.35-0.5). In both the L-mode and supershot regimes, 30% more heating power is required to sustain the same temperature in the deuterium plasma than in tritium, which implies a transport scaling (chi proportional to chi(Bohm)rho(*)(-2)) that differs qualitatively from the scaling inferred from B-field scans with fixed isotope. A model for the isotope effect is proposed based on shear-flow effects that explains most of the observed increase in temperature in the L-mode beam-heating experiments. No isotope effect on global tau(E) is observed in ohmic plasmas, reverse shear discharges, or enhanced reverse sheer discharges. More heating power is required for obtaining an ERS transition in tritium than in deuterium, which may provide a useful test of proposed models of ERS transition physics. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Scott, SD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-100797-3 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 573 EP 591 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56C UT WOS:000079102200044 ER PT S AU Mazzucato, E Batha, SH Beer, MA Bell, MG Bell, RE Budny, RV Bush, CE Efthimion, PC Hahm, TS Hammett, GW LeBlanc, B Levinton, FM Nazikian, R Park, HK Paul, SF Rewoldt, G Schmidt, GL Scott, SD Synakowski, EJ Tang, WM Taylor, G Zarnstorff, MC AF Mazzucato, E Batha, SH Beer, MA Bell, MG Bell, RE Budny, RV Bush, CE Efthimion, PC Hahm, TS Hammett, GW LeBlanc, B Levinton, FM Nazikian, R Park, HK Paul, SF Rewoldt, G Schmidt, GL Scott, SD Synakowski, EJ Tang, WM Taylor, G Zarnstorff, MC GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Turbulent fluctuations in the main core of TFTR plasmas with negative magnetic shear SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 1 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID CONFINEMENT; MODES; SUPPRESSION; BIFURCATION; TRANSITION; DISCHARGES; TOKAMAKS AB Turbulent fluctuations in plasmas with reversed magnetic shear have been investigated in TFTR. Under intense auxiliary heating, these plasmas are observed to bifurcate into two states with different transport properties. In the state with better confinement, it has been found that the level of fluctuations is very small throughout most of the region with negative shear. By contrast, the state with lower confinement is characterized by large bursts of fluctuations which suggest a competition between the driving and the suppression of turbulence. These results are consistent with the suppression of turbulence by the ExB velocity shear. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Mazzucato, E (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-100797-3 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 913 EP 919 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56C UT WOS:000079102200085 ER PT S AU Ono, M Stutman, D Hwang, YS Choe, W Menard, J Jones, T Lo, E Armstrong, R Finkenthal, M Gusev, V Jardin, S Kaita, R Manickam, J Munsat, T Nazikian, R Petrov, Y AF Ono, M Stutman, D Hwang, YS Choe, W Menard, J Jones, T Lo, E Armstrong, R Finkenthal, M Gusev, V Jardin, S Kaita, R Manickam, J Munsat, T Nazikian, R Petrov, Y GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Investigation of the effect of resistive MHD modes on spherical torus performance in CDX-U SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 2 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB Resistive MHD modes and associated effects on spherical torus performance are investigated in the CDX-U device for I-p less than or equal to 100 kA. At present, the growth of resistive MHD modes (n = 1/m = 3 or n = 1/m = 2) as the edge q (q(a)) is lowered towards 3.5 appears to limit the maximum current achievable in CDX-U. For low q(a) discharges, a prominent rotating "hot" spot can be seen with the soft x-ray array, indicative of a magnetic island associated with an n = 1/m = 1 mode. The edge mode, which is n = 1/m = 3 or n = 1/m = 2, can be seen by the soft x-ray and edge magnetic pick-up coil array. The growth of those modes in space and amplitude eventually leads to an Internal Reconnection Event (IRE), Prior to the IRE, strong mode-mixing takes place, suggesting magnetic island overlap. The IRE causes a rapid heat loss from the core, causing a strong plasma elongation and current spike due to the plasma inductance drop. With an appropriate discharge control, an MHD quiescent high confinement regime with over twice the central electron temperature relative to the MHD active regime has been found. To assess the halo-induced effects during the MHD events, a pair of segmented Rogowski coils were installed on the center stack. The observed halo-induced current fraction is generally small (less than 5% of the total plasma current) even for the case of forced disruption. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ono, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-102997-7 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 71 EP 81 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56D UT WOS:000079102400006 ER PT S AU Yamada, M Ji, H Carter, TA Hsu, SC Kulsrud, RM Bretz, NL Jobes, FC Ono, Y Katsurai, M Watanabe, TH Sato, T Hayashi, T AF Yamada, M Ji, H Carter, TA Hsu, SC Kulsrud, RM Bretz, NL Jobes, FC Ono, Y Katsurai, M Watanabe, TH Sato, T Hayashi, T GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Comparative study of compact toroid plasmas formed by induction and reconnection SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 2 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; CONFIGURATION; SPHEROMAKS; TOKAMAKS AB By merging inductively formed co-helicity and counter-helicity spheromaks on MRX at PPPL, helicity-amplified spheromaks and FRC's have been successfully generated. This novel formation scheme, which invokes neither conventional fast shock heating nor electrode discharges, has significant advantages in developing a compact reactor core. The paper reports initial results from a comparative study of compact toroid configurations, emphasizing global MHD stability and optimum high beta operation. The helicity-amplified spheromak and FRC formation have been reproduced in numerical simulations. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Yamada, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-102997-7 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 253 EP 261 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56D UT WOS:000079102400027 ER PT S AU Hahm, TS Artun, M Beer, MA Hammett, GW Lee, WW Li, X Lin, Z Mynick, HE Parker, SE Rewoldt, G Tang, WM AF Hahm, TS Artun, M Beer, MA Hammett, GW Lee, WW Li, X Lin, Z Mynick, HE Parker, SE Rewoldt, G Tang, WM GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Turbulence and transport in enhanced confinement regimes of tokamaks: Simulation and theory SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 2 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB An integrated program of theory and computation has been developed to understand the physics responsible for me favorable confinement trends exhibited by, for example, enhanced reversed shear (ERS) plasmas in TFTR and DIII-D. The paper reports on: (1) the quantitative assessment of E x B shear suppression of turbulence by comparison of the linear growth rate calculated from the gyrofluid/comprehensive kinetic codes and the experimentally measured shearing rate in TFTR ERS plasmas; (2) the first self-consistent nonlinear demonstration of ion temperature gradient turbulence reduction due to del P-i driven E x B shear by the global gyrokinetic simulation; (3) a revised neoclassical analysis and gyrokinetic particle simulation results in agreement with trends in ERS plasmas; (4) Shafranov shift induced stabilization of trapped electron mode in ERS plasmas calculated by the gyrofluid code; and (5) new nonlinear gyrokinetic equations for turbulence in core transport barriers. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Hahm, TS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-102997-7 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 335 EP 345 PG 11 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56D UT WOS:000079102400036 ER PT S AU Park, W Chang, Z Fredrickson, ED Fu, GY Pomphrey, N Strauss, HR Sugiyama, LE AF Park, W Chang, Z Fredrickson, ED Fu, GY Pomphrey, N Strauss, HR Sugiyama, LE GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI 3D simulation studies of tokamak plasmas using MHD and extended-MHD models SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 2 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; DIVERTOR TOKAMAKS; TEARING MODES AB The M3D (Multi-level 3D) tokamak simulation project aims at the simulation of tokamak plasmas using a multi-level tokamak code package. Several current applications using MHD and Extended-MHD models are presented: high-beta disruption studies in reversed shear plasmas using the MHD level MH3D code; omega.(j) stabilization and nonlinear island rotation studies using the two-fluid level MH3D-T code; studies of nonlinear saturation of TAE modes using the hybrid particle/MHD level MH3D-K code; and unstructured mesh MH3D(++) code studies. In particular, three internal mode disruption mechanisms are identified from simulation results which agree well with experimental data. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Park, W (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-102997-7 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 411 EP 422 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56D UT WOS:000079102400042 ER PT S AU Fu, GY Chen, Y Budny, RV Chang, Z Cheng, CZ Darrow, DS Fredrickson, ED Mazzucato, E Nazikian, R Park, W White, RB Wong, KL Wu, Y Zweben, SJ Spong, DA Kimura, H Ozeki, T Saigusa, M Chu, MS Heidbrink, WW Strait, EJ AF Fu, GY Chen, Y Budny, RV Chang, Z Cheng, CZ Darrow, DS Fredrickson, ED Mazzucato, E Nazikian, R Park, W White, RB Wong, KL Wu, Y Zweben, SJ Spong, DA Kimura, H Ozeki, T Saigusa, M Chu, MS Heidbrink, WW Strait, EJ GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Recent progress in linear and nonlinear studies of toroidal Alfven eigenmodes SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 2 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID DEUTERIUM-TRITIUM EXPERIMENTS; FUSION TEST REACTOR; SIMULATION; TOKAMAK; STABILITY; PLASMAS; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; INSTABILITIES; EVOLUTION; JT-60U AB Toroidal Alfven eigenmodes (TAEs) are studied in linear and nonlinear regimes using several kinetic/MHD hybrid models. It is shown that the stability of the TAE is largely determined by its radial mode structure. The calculated stability thresholds are correlated well with observations, including the recently observed alpha-driven TAEs in the TFTR DT experiments. In the nonlinear regime, quasilinear simulations with multiple modes show that the saturation level is enhanced by nonlinear wave-particle resonance overlapping when the linear growth rate exceeds a critical value. A fully self-consistent of noise reduction method for the 3D particle/MHD hybrid model is developed. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Fu, GY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-102997-7 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 453 EP 462 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56D UT WOS:000079102400046 ER PT S AU Hogan, J Klepper, CC Harris, J Mioduszewski, PK Isler, RC Guilhelm, D Chatelier, M DeMichelis, C Goniche, M Mess, W Mattioli, M Mandl, W Mitteau, R Monier-Garbet, P Schlosser, J Tobin, S Philipps, V Koegler, U Winter, J AF Hogan, J Klepper, CC Harris, J Mioduszewski, PK Isler, RC Guilhelm, D Chatelier, M DeMichelis, C Goniche, M Mess, W Mattioli, M Mandl, W Mitteau, R Monier-Garbet, P Schlosser, J Tobin, S Philipps, V Koegler, U Winter, J CA Equipe Tore Supra GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Integrated impurity model for actively cooled plasma facing components SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 2 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID ELECTRON-EMISSION; CARBON; TRANSPORT; LAYER AB A model has been developed to describe impurity production from the actively cooled graphite plasma facing components in Tore Supra, as well as the resulting transport in the scrape-off layer (SOL), penetration through the SOL and transport into the plasma core. The system consists of a 3-D Monte Carlo SOL impurity transport code (BBQ), a 3-D, time dependent thermal code (CASTEM-2000) and a radial core plasma impurity transport code. Such a code system is required to determine the limits due to intrinsic impurity generation in long duration operation under conditions of high heat flux (e.g. in ITER and large scale helical devices), and the characteristics of long term erosion processes, This Tore Supra system is the first of its kind. Production by chemical and physical sputtering (due to D+ and Cn+), RES and ablation processes are included. Comparisons have been made with Tore Supra ohmic discharges with an inertially cooled outboard limiter, and TEXTOR experiments using an inertial tea limiter which serves as a standard for studies of impurity generation from graphite surfaces in tokamaks. Limiting processes have been studied for steady peak hear fluxes up to 15 MW/m(2) in the actively cooled lower vertical limiter and LH grills of Tore Supra. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Hogan, J (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Fus Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-102997-7 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 625 EP 631 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56D UT WOS:000079102400065 ER PT S AU Stotler, DP Pigarov, AY Karney, CFF Krasheninnikov, SI LaBombard, B Lipschultz, B McCracken, GM Niemczewski, A Snipes, JA Terry, JL Vesey, RA AF Stotler, DP Pigarov, AY Karney, CFF Krasheninnikov, SI LaBombard, B Lipschultz, B McCracken, GM Niemczewski, A Snipes, JA Terry, JL Vesey, RA GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI DEGAS 2 neutral transport modeling of high density, low temperature plasmas SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 2 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID TOKAMAK AB Neutral transport in the high density, low temperature plasma regime is examined using the DEGAS 2 Monte Carlo neutral transport code. DEGAS 2 is shown to agree with an analytic fluid neutral model valid in this regime as long as the grid cell spacing is less than twice the neutral mean free path. Using new atomic physics data provided by the collisional radiative code CRAMD, DEGAS 2 is applied to a detached Alcator C-Mod discharge. A model plasma with electron temperature similar to 1 eV along detached nux tubes, between the target and the ionization front, is used to demonstrate that recombination is Essential to matching the experimental data. With the CRAMD data, similar to 20% of the total recombination is due to molecular activated recombination. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Stotler, DP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Karney, Charles/C-1371-2013; Stotler, Daren/J-9494-2015 OI Karney, Charles/0000-0002-5006-5836; Stotler, Daren/0000-0001-5521-8718 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-102997-7 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 633 EP 639 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56D UT WOS:000079102400066 ER PT S AU Batchelor, DB Jaeger, EF Carter, MD Berry, LA Wilson, JR Majeski, R Ono, M Menard, J Kaye, SM AF Batchelor, DB Jaeger, EF Carter, MD Berry, LA Wilson, JR Majeski, R Ono, M Menard, J Kaye, SM GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI High-harmonic ion cyclotron heating and current drive in ultra-small aspect ratio tokamaks SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 2 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID WAVE CURRENT DRIVE AB Ultra-small aspect ratio tokamaks present a totally new plasma environment for heating and current drive experiments and involve a number of physics issues that have not been explored previously. These devices operate at low magnetic field and relatively high density so that the effective dielectric constant of the plasma to high harmonic fast waves (HHFWs) is quite high and the perpendicular wavelength of the fast waves is very short, lambda similar to 2.0 cm, compared with lambda similar to 10-20 cm. This allows strong electron absorption at high harmonics of the ion cyclotron frequency, Omega(i), and at fairly high phase velocity in relation to the electron thermal velocity. If the antenna system can control the parallel wave spectrum, this offers the promise of high efficiency off-axis current drive and the possibility of current drive radial profile control. Antenna phasing is ineffective for profile control in conventional tokamaks because of central absorption. There are also challenges for antenna design in this regime because of the high dielectric constant and the large angle of the magnetic field with respect to the equatorial plane (similar to 45 degrees), which varies greatly during current ramp. Preliminary experiments in this HHFW regime are being carried out in CDX-U. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Batchelor, DB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-102997-7 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 675 EP 681 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56D UT WOS:000079102400071 ER PT S AU Lindemuth, IR Ekdahl, CA Kirkpatrick, RC Reinovsky, RE Sheehey, PT Siemon, RE Wysocki, FJ Chernyshev, VK Mokhov, VN Demin, AN Garanin, SF Korchagin, VP Morozov, IV Yakubov, VA Eddleman, JL Hammer, JH Ryutov, DD Toor, A McDaniel, DH Deeney, C Degnan, JH Kiuttu, GF Peterkin, RE AF Lindemuth, IR Ekdahl, CA Kirkpatrick, RC Reinovsky, RE Sheehey, PT Siemon, RE Wysocki, FJ Chernyshev, VK Mokhov, VN Demin, AN Garanin, SF Korchagin, VP Morozov, IV Yakubov, VA Eddleman, JL Hammer, JH Ryutov, DD Toor, A McDaniel, DH Deeney, C Degnan, JH Kiuttu, GF Peterkin, RE GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Magnetic-compression/magnetized-target fusion (MAGO/MTF): A marriage of inertial and magnetic confinement SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 2 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID DEUTERIUM-FIBER; Z-PINCH AB Recent advances in high-energy pulsed power capabilities, plasma formation techniques, plasma diagnostics, and multidimensional plasma computer codes make possible the evaluation of an unexplored approach to controlled thermonuclear fusion that is intermediate between magnetic confinement (MFE) and inertial confinement (ICF) in time and density scales. Existing capabilities appear adequate to explore the major physics issues in this area, perhaps up to and including fusion ignition, with relatively low operating costs and essentially no major capital investment. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lindemuth, IR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-102997-7 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 723 EP 734 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56D UT WOS:000079102400076 ER PT S AU Putvinski, S Aymar, R Boucher, D Cheng, CZ Connor, JW Cordey, JG Costley, AE Engelmann, F Fujisawa, N Fujiwara, M Jacquinot, J Khayrutdinov, R Kishimoto, H Konovalov, SV Kukushkin, A Kuteev, B Lukash, V Mirnov, S Moreau, D Mukhovatov, V Nevins, WM Perkins, FW Polevoj, AR Post, D Putvinskaya, N Rosenbluth, MN Sauter, O Sauthoff, N Shimada, M Shimomura, Y Sokolov, YA Stambaugh, RD Takizuka, T Uckan, N Wakatani, M Wesley, J Willis, J Yoshino, R Young, K AF Putvinski, S Aymar, R Boucher, D Cheng, CZ Connor, JW Cordey, JG Costley, AE Engelmann, F Fujisawa, N Fujiwara, M Jacquinot, J Khayrutdinov, R Kishimoto, H Konovalov, SV Kukushkin, A Kuteev, B Lukash, V Mirnov, S Moreau, D Mukhovatov, V Nevins, WM Perkins, FW Polevoj, AR Post, D Putvinskaya, N Rosenbluth, MN Sauter, O Sauthoff, N Shimada, M Shimomura, Y Sokolov, YA Stambaugh, RD Takizuka, T Uckan, N Wakatani, M Wesley, J Willis, J Yoshino, R Young, K GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI ITER physics SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 2 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID TOKAMAK AB The ITER physics specifications provide the basis for the engineering design requirements. They are based on experimental results obtained on present day tokamaks, plasma theory and extrapolation to the ITER parameters. The present paper summarizes recent results obtained from the ITER physics R&D programme conducted by the four ITER Parties and presents projections for ITER plasma performance. operational scenarios and plasma control obtained by the ITER Joint Central Team and Home Teams. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Putvinski, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-102997-7 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 737 EP 753 PG 17 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56D UT WOS:000079102400077 ER PT S AU Ulrickson, MA Vieider, G Pacher, HD Smid, I Wu, C Pizzuto, A Riccardi, B Roccella, M Chappuis, P Lemarois, G Schlosser, J Rodig, M Plochl, L Akiba, M Mazul, I Tivey, R AF Ulrickson, MA Vieider, G Pacher, HD Smid, I Wu, C Pizzuto, A Riccardi, B Roccella, M Chappuis, P Lemarois, G Schlosser, J Rodig, M Plochl, L Akiba, M Mazul, I Tivey, R GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Development of a full-size divertor cassette prototype for ITER SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 2 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB Production of a full-size divertor cassette for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) involves eight major components. All of the components are mounted on the cassette body. Inner divertor channel components for both the vertical target and the gas box design are being provided by the Japan Home Team. Outer divertor channel components for the vertical target design are being provided by the European and United States Home Teams. Gas box liners are being provided by the Russian Home Team. The full-size components manufactured by the four parties will be shipped to the US Home Team for assembly into a full-size divertor cassette. The techniques for assembly and maintenance of the cassette will be demonstrated during this process. The assembled cassette will be tested for proper flow distribution and proof of the filling and draining procedures. The testing will include vacuum leak, cyclic heating to 150 degrees C, and verification of dimensional accuracy of the assembled components. The development of the divertor for ITER depends on successful R&D efforts on materials, joining and plasma-materials interactions. Results of the development program are presented. The scale-up of the processes developed in the basic R&D tasks is accomplished by producing medium and full-scale mock-ups and testing them at high heat flux. The design of these mock-ups is discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ulrickson, MA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-102997-7 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 809 EP 816 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56D UT WOS:000079102400082 ER PT S AU Cheng, CZ Berk, HL Borba, D Budny, RV Bulmer, RH Candy, J Darrow, DS Fasoli, A Fredrickson, ED Fu, G Goldston, RJ Gorelenkov, NN Huysmans, GTA Kerner, W Kimura, H Konovalov, SV Kusama, Y Manickam, J Nazikian, R Neilson, GH Nevins, WM Ozeki, T Pearlstein, LD Putvinski, S Redi, MH Romanelli, F Rosenbluth, MN Sharapov, SE Spong, DA Tobita, K Van Dam, JW Vlad, G White, RB Wong, KL Wong, V Zonca, F Zweben, SJ AF Cheng, CZ Berk, HL Borba, D Budny, RV Bulmer, RH Candy, J Darrow, DS Fasoli, A Fredrickson, ED Fu, G Goldston, RJ Gorelenkov, NN Huysmans, GTA Kerner, W Kimura, H Konovalov, SV Kusama, Y Manickam, J Nazikian, R Neilson, GH Nevins, WM Ozeki, T Pearlstein, LD Putvinski, S Redi, MH Romanelli, F Rosenbluth, MN Sharapov, SE Spong, DA Tobita, K Van Dam, JW Vlad, G White, RB Wong, KL Wong, V Zonca, F Zweben, SJ GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Energetic particle physics issues for ITER SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 2 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID TOROIDAL ALFVEN EIGENMODES; STABILITY; TOKAMAKS; PLASMAS AB The paper summarizes the present understanding of the following energetic/alpha particle physics issues for the 21 MA, 20 TF coil ITER Interim Design configuration and operational scenarios: (a) toroidal field ripple effects on alpha particle confinement, (b) energetic particle interaction with low frequency MHD modes, (c) energetic particle excitation of toroidal Alfven eigenmodes, and (d) energetic particle transport due to MHD modes. TF ripple effects on alpha loss in ITER under a number of different operating conditions (L-mode, H-mode, and post-sawtooth) are found to be small, with a maximum loss of 1%. With careful plasma control in ITER reversed-shear operation, TF ripple induced alpha loss can be reduced to below the nominal ITER design limit of 5%. Fishbone modes are expected to be unstable for beta(alpha) > 1%, and sawtooth stabilization is lost if the ideal kink growth rate exceeds 10% of the deeply trapped alpha precessional drift frequency evaluated at the q = 1 surface. However, it is expected that the fishbone modes will lead only to a local flattening of the alpha profile owing to small banana size. MHD modes observed during slow decrease of stored energy (as much as 20% in 50-100 msec) after fast partial electron temperature collapse (in about 100 mu sec) in JT-60U reversed-shear experiments may be resonant type instabilities; they may have implications for the energetic particle confinement in ITER reversed-shear operation. From the results of various TAE stability code calculations, ITER equilibria appear to lie close to TAE linear stability thresholds. However, the prognosis depends strongly on q profile and profiles of alpha and other high energy particle species. If TAEs are unstable in ITER, the stochastic diffusion is the main loss mechanism, which scales with (delta B-r/B)(2), because of the relatively small alpha particle banana orbit size. For isolated TAEs the particle loss is very small, and TAEs saturate via the resonant wave-particle trapping process at very small amplitude. If a wide range of overlapping medium- to high-n TAEs do prove to be linearly unstable, then a global quasilinear, possibly bursty, flattening of the alpha profile, resulting from an explosive "domino" effect due to enhanced wave energy release, is possible. Finally, theoretical calculations for energetic/alpha particle physics issues have made much progress. Critical energetic/alpha physics experimental input is expected in the near future from JET DT, TFTR DT, and JT-60U negative ion beam experiments. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Cheng, CZ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, POB 451, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Spong, Donald/C-6887-2012 OI Spong, Donald/0000-0003-2370-1873 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-102997-7 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 953 EP 962 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56D UT WOS:000079102400098 ER PT S AU Keane, CJ Crandall, DH Bieg, KW Saito, TT AF Keane, CJ Crandall, DH Bieg, KW Saito, TT GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI High energy density physics research using laser and pulsed power ICF facilities SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 3 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB The study of high energy density plasmas involves a number of basic physics issues and is relevant to applied problems in a variety of areas such as inertial fusion and astrophysics. Motivated by its goal of demonstrating laboratory ignition and eventual high gain, the US ICF Program has played a major role in developing the experimental, theoretical and modeling capabilities necessary to pursue laboratory studies of high energy density phenomena. Facilities built by the Program for this purpose include the Nova, Omega, Nike and Trident lasers (located at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the Laboratory for Laser Energetics at the University of Rochester, the Naval Research Laboratory and the Los Alamos National Laboratory, respectively), as well as the Panicle Beam Fusion Acceleration (PBFA) and SATURN pulsed power facilities at Sandia National Laboratories. Target fabrication work is ongoing at the facilities above as well as at General Atomics. An active related program in theory and computer simulation is also under way at these laboratories. The paper reviews the high energy density physics program of research carried out on ICF facilities. C1 US DOE, Germantown, MD USA. RP Keane, CJ (reprint author), US DOE, Germantown, MD USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-103997-2 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56E UT WOS:000079102600001 ER PT S AU Lindl, JD Marinak, MM AF Lindl, JD Marinak, MM GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Progress on the physics of ignition for radiation driven inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 3 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR INSTABILITY; LASER-BEAM DEFLECTION; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATIONS; GROWTH; NOVA; IMPLOSION; FACILITY; DESIGN; FLOW AB Extensive modelling of proposed National ignition Facility (NIF) ignition targets has resulted in a variety of targets using different materials in the fuel shell, using driving temperatures which range from 250 to 300 eV, and requiring energies which range from less than 1 MJ up to the full 1.8 MJ design capability of the NIF. Recent experiments on Nova have shown that hohlraum walls composed of a mixture of high Z materials could result in targets which require about 20% less energy. Nova experiments are being used to quantify the benefits of beam smoothing in reducing stimulated scattering processes and laser beam filamentation for proposed gas filled hohlraum targets on the NIF. Use of smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) with 2-3 Angstrom of bandwidth results in <4-5% of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and less than about 1% stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) for intensities less than about 2 x 10(15) W/cm(2) for this type of hohlraum. The symmetry in Nova gas filled hohlraums is affected by the gas fill. A large body of evidence now exists which indicates that this effect is due to laser beam filamentation which can be largely controlled by beam smoothing. Here the first 3-D simulations of hydrodynamic instability for the NIF point design capsule are presented. These simulations, with the HYDRA radiation hydrodynamics code, indicate that spikes can penetrate up to 10 mu m into the 30 mu m radius hot spot before ignition is quenched. With capsules whose surface is modified by laser ablation, Nova experiments have been used to quantify the degradation of implosions subject to near NIF levels of hydrodynamic instability. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Lindl, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-103997-2 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 43 EP 56 PG 14 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56E UT WOS:000079102600004 ER PT S AU Quintenz, JP Matzen, MK Mehlhorn, TA AF Quintenz, JP Matzen, MK Mehlhorn, TA GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Progress in the pulsed power Inertial Confinement Fusion program SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 3 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID ION-BEAMS; INTENSE AB Pulsed power accelerators are being used in Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) research. In order to achieve the goal of a fusion yield in the range of 200-1000 MJ from radiation driven fusion capsules, it is generally believed that similar to 10 MJ of the driver energy must be deposited within the ICF target in order to deposit similar to 1 MJ of radiation energy in the fusion capsule. Pulsed power represents an efficient technology for producing both these energies and these radiation environments in the requireed short pulses (few tens of a nanosecond). Two possible approaches are being developed to utilize pulsed power accelerators in this effort: intense beams of light ions and z-pinches. The paper describes recent progress in both approaches. Over the past several years, experiments have successfully answered many questions critical to ion target design. Increasing the ion beam power and intensity is the next objective. Last year, the Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator Ii (PBFA II) was modified to generate ion beams in a geometry that will be required for high yield applications. This modification has resulted in the production of the highest power ion beam to be accelerated from an extraction ion diode. Fast magnetically driven implosions (z-pinches) as platforms for ICF ablator physics and EOS experiments are also evaluated. The z-pinch implosions driven by the 20 TW Saturn accelerator have efficiently produced high x-ray power (>75 TW) and energy (>400 kJ). Containing these x-ray sources within a hohlraum produces a unique large volume (>600) mm(3)), long lived (>20 ns) radiation environment. In addition to studying fundamental ICF capsule physics, there are several concepts for driving ICF capsules with these x-ray sources. Progress in increasing the x-ray power on the Saturn accelerator and promise of further increases on the higher power PBFA II accelerator will be described. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Quintenz, JP (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-103997-2 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 95 EP 103 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56E UT WOS:000079102600009 ER PT S AU Seidl, P Bangerter, B Celata, CM Chupp, W delaRama, F Eylon, S Faltens, A Fawley, WM Fessenden, TJ Ghiorso, W Hahn, KD Henestroza, E Hipple, R Judd, D MacLaren, S Peters, C Reginato, L Vanecek, D Stoker, JD Yu, S Barnard, JJ Cable, MD Callahan, DA Cianciolo, TV Deadrick, FJ Debeling, A Friedman, A Grote, DP Holm, KA Hopkins, HA Karpenko, VP Kirbie, HC Longinotti, DB Lund, SM Nattrass, LA Nelson, MB Newton, MA Sangster, TC Sharp, WM AF Seidl, P Bangerter, B Celata, CM Chupp, W delaRama, F Eylon, S Faltens, A Fawley, WM Fessenden, TJ Ghiorso, W Hahn, KD Henestroza, E Hipple, R Judd, D MacLaren, S Peters, C Reginato, L Vanecek, D Stoker, JD Yu, S Barnard, JJ Cable, MD Callahan, DA Cianciolo, TV Deadrick, FJ Debeling, A Friedman, A Grote, DP Holm, KA Hopkins, HA Karpenko, VP Kirbie, HC Longinotti, DB Lund, SM Nattrass, LA Nelson, MB Newton, MA Sangster, TC Sharp, WM GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Heavy ion fusion driver research at Berkeley and Livermore SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 3 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB The Department of Energy is restructuring the US fusion programme to place a greater emphasis on science. As a result, the ILSE or Elise heavy ion fusion (HIF) facilities described in the 1992 and 1994 Plasma Physics Conferences will not be built. Instead smaller experiments to address important scientific questions are being performed. The accelerator technology for HIF is similar to that for other applications such as high energy physics and nuclear physics. The beam physics, however, differs from the physics encountered in most accelerators, where the pressure arising from the beam temperature (emittance) is the dominant factor determining beam size and focusing system design. In HIF, space charge is the dominant feature, leading into a parameter regime where the beam plasma frequency becomes comparable to the betatron frequency. The present experiments address the physics of nonneutral plasmas in this novel regime. Since the beam plasma frequency is low, particle in cell (PIC) simulations provide a good description of most of the experiments. Accelerators for HIF consist of several subsystems: ion sources, injectors, matching sections, combiners, acceleration sections with electric and magnetic focusing, beam compression and bending sections, and a system to focus the beams onto the target. Currently experiments to address the physics of all these subsystems are being assembled or performed. The paper discusses experiments in injection, combining and bending. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Seidl, P (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-103997-2 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 145 EP 152 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56E UT WOS:000079102600015 ER PT S AU MacGowan, BJ Berger, RL Afeyan, BB Back, CA Blain, MA Canaud, B Cohen, BI Desenne, DE Estabrook, KG Glenzer, SH Hinkel, DE Kirkwood, RK Kruer, WL Langdon, AB Lasinski, BF Montgomery, DS Moody, JD Rousseaux, C Still, CH Williams, EA AF MacGowan, BJ Berger, RL Afeyan, BB Back, CA Blain, MA Canaud, B Cohen, BI Desenne, DE Estabrook, KG Glenzer, SH Hinkel, DE Kirkwood, RK Kruer, WL Langdon, AB Lasinski, BF Montgomery, DS Moody, JD Rousseaux, C Still, CH Williams, EA GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Laser scattering in large scale length plasmas relevant to National Ignition Facility hohlraums SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 3 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID STIMULATED RAMAN-SCATTERING; TARGETS; NOVA AB Homogeneous plasmas of high density (up to 1.3 x 10(21) electrons per cm(3)) and high temperature (similar to 3 keV) with large density scale lengths (similar to 2 mm) were used to approximate conditions within National Ignition Facility (NIF) hohlraums. Within these plasmas, the dependence of stimulated Raman (SRS) and Brillouin (SBS) scattering on beam smoothing and plasma conditions at the relevant laser intensity (3 omega, 2 x 10(15) W . cm(-2)) was studied. Both SBS and SRS are reduced by the use of smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD). C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP MacGowan, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-103997-2 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56E UT WOS:000079102600019 ER PT S AU Olson, CL Hanson, DL Cuneo, ME Lockner, TR Menge, PR Bailey, JE Filuk, AB Poukey, JW Shokair, IR Marder, BM Slutz, SA Quintenz, JP Ottinger, PF Young, FC Hinshelwood, DD Jones, TG Mosher, D Neri, JM Oliver, BV Rose, DV Stephanakis, SJ Lee, EP Hahn, KD Yu, SS Bangerter, RO Welch, DR Friedman, A Langdon, AB Logan, BG Peterson, RR MacFarlane, JJ Wang, P Kulcinski, GL Hoppe, P Bluhm, H Nakagawa, A AF Olson, CL Hanson, DL Cuneo, ME Lockner, TR Menge, PR Bailey, JE Filuk, AB Poukey, JW Shokair, IR Marder, BM Slutz, SA Quintenz, JP Ottinger, PF Young, FC Hinshelwood, DD Jones, TG Mosher, D Neri, JM Oliver, BV Rose, DV Stephanakis, SJ Lee, EP Hahn, KD Yu, SS Bangerter, RO Welch, DR Friedman, A Langdon, AB Logan, BG Peterson, RR MacFarlane, JJ Wang, P Kulcinski, GL Hoppe, P Bluhm, H Nakagawa, A GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Self-pinched transport for ion beam driven inertial confinement fusion SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 3 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID GAS AB Self-pinched transport is an attractive ion beam final transport mode for all high yield and fusion energy applications using ion drivers. Recent code and analytic theory results are presented that predict that net currents will be sufficient for all ion driver scenarios. The status of experiments on GAMBLE II and SABRE is discussed. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Olson, CL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-103997-2 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 195 EP 201 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56E UT WOS:000079102600021 ER PT S AU Rogers, JH Hosea, JC LeBlanc, B Majeski, R Phillips, CK Schilling, G Wilson, JR Batha, SH Bell, MG Darrow, DS Duong, HH Hill, KW Levinton, FM Medley, SS Petrov, MP Synakowski, EJ Taylor, G Zarnstorff, MC Zweben, SJ AF Rogers, JH Hosea, JC LeBlanc, B Majeski, R Phillips, CK Schilling, G Wilson, JR Batha, SH Bell, MG Darrow, DS Duong, HH Hill, KW Levinton, FM Medley, SS Petrov, MP Synakowski, EJ Taylor, G Zarnstorff, MC Zweben, SJ CA TFTR Grp GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI ICRF heating and current drive experiments on TFTR SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 3 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID CONFINEMENT AB Recent experiments in the Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) at TFTR have focused on the RF physics relevant to advanced tokamak D-T reactors. Experiments performed either tested confinement in reactor relevant plasmas or tested specific ICRF heating scenarios under consideration for reactors. H-minority heating was used to supply identical heating sources for matched D-T and D only L-mode plasmas to determine the species scaling for energy confinement. Second harmonic tritium hearing was performed with only thermal tritium ions in an L-mode target plasma, verifying a possible start-up scenario for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Direct electron hearing in Enhanced Reverse Shear (ERS) plasmas has been found to delay the back transition out of the ERS state. D-T mode conversion of the fast magnetosonic wave to an Ion Bernstein Wave (IBW) for off-axis heating and current drive has been successfully demonstrated for the first time. Parasitic Li-7 cyclotron damping limited the fraction of the power going to the electrons to less than 30%. Similar parasitic damping by Be-9 could be problematic in ITER. Doppler shifted fundamental resonance hearing of beam ions and alpha particles has also been observed. C1 Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Rogers, JH (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-103997-2 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 317 EP 326 PG 10 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56E UT WOS:000079102600033 ER PT S AU Shannon, TE Rennich, MJ Kondo, T Katsuta, H Maekawa, H Jameson, RA Martone, M Moslang, A Teplyakov, V AF Shannon, TE Rennich, MJ Kondo, T Katsuta, H Maekawa, H Jameson, RA Martone, M Moslang, A Teplyakov, V GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Conceptual design of the International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 3 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB The International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) Conceptual Design is being carried out as an activity of the IEA Executive Committee on Fusion Materials. Initial workshops were held in 1995, in which specialists from Europe, Japan, the United States of America and the Russian Federation came together in small groups to define the concepts for the three major technical systems (Accelerator, Target and Test Cell). The overall design and cost estimate is being developed in design integration meetings in which members of the four parties work together for up to a two week period. The conceptual design activity (CDA) final report was published in December 1996. The goal of the IFMIF is to provide an irradiation facility for use by fusion material scientists in the development of low activation and damage resistant materials. An accelerator-based neutron source has been established through a number of international studies and workshops as an essential step for near-term materials development and testing. IFMIF would also provide calibration and validation of data from fission reactor and other accelerator-based irradiation testing. The IFMIF concept is derived from requirements from the materials community for test volumes and neutron fluences needed to obtain useful irradiation data in a reasonably short operating time. Studies indicate that a volume of about 0.5 L is required in a region producing a flux equivalent to 2 MW/m(2) (0.9 x 10(18) n . m(-2) . s(-1), uncollided flux) or greater. A fraction of this volume, about 0.1 L, would be available at a flux equivalent to 5 MW/m(2) for accelerated testing. The design concept consists of a deuteron accelerator producing particle energies in the range of 30 to 40 MeV. The deuterons interact with a flowing liquid lithium target (d-Li) producing high energy neutrons with a peaked flux around 14 MeV. The resulting high energy neutrons will interact with a test assembly to irradiate test samples of candidate materials up to full lifetime of anticipated use in future fusion energy reactors. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Shannon, TE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-103997-2 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 437 EP 449 PG 13 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56E UT WOS:000079102600045 ER PT S AU Gouge, MJ Hwang, DQ Baylor, LR Combs, SK Fisher, PW Foust, CR Milora, SL McLean, HS Horton, RD Evans, RW Thomas, JC Raman, R Denny, BJ Willms, RS Frattolillo, A Migliori, S AF Gouge, MJ Hwang, DQ Baylor, LR Combs, SK Fisher, PW Foust, CR Milora, SL McLean, HS Horton, RD Evans, RW Thomas, JC Raman, R Denny, BJ Willms, RS Frattolillo, A Migliori, S GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Development of innovative fuelling systems for fusion energy science SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 3 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID PELLET INJECTOR; ACCELERATION; COMPRESSION AB The development of innovative fuelling systems in support of magnetic fusion energy, in particular the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), is described. The ITER fuelling system will use a combination of deuterium-tritium (D-T) gas puffing and pellet injection to achieve and maintain ignited plasmas. This combination will provide a flexible fuelling source with D-T pellets penetrating beyond the separatrix to sustain the ignited fusion plasma and with deuterium rich gas fuelling the edge region to meet divertor requirements in a process called isotopic fueling. More advanced systems with potential for deeper penetration, such as multistage pellet guns and compact toroid injection, are also described. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Gouge, MJ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-103997-2 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 481 EP 488 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56E UT WOS:000079102600048 ER PT S AU Rowcliffe, AF Bloom, EE Jones, RH Smith, DL Wiffen, FW Johnson, WR AF Rowcliffe, AF Bloom, EE Jones, RH Smith, DL Wiffen, FW Johnson, WR GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI The US program to develop structural materials for near- and long-term fusion systems SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 3 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID STEELS AB The U.S. structural materials program is pursuing a near-term effort related to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) and a long-term effort related to the development of reduced-activation materials for future power systems. The response of the principal ITER structural materials, austenitic stainless steels and copper alloys, to ITER irradiation conditions has been explored using fission reactor facilities. The primary radiation damage phenomena have been identified and the neutron dose and temperature conditions have been determined which will ensure adequate ductility during ITER operation. A new, reduced activation ferritic-martensitic steel has been shown to have exceptionally promising resistance to low temperature radiation embrittlement. A newly-developed V-Cr-Ti alloy has been successfully produced on a commercial scale and is being used to fabricate components for the DIII-D Radiative Divertor; recent experimental data on the irradiation performance of this alloy are discussed. Sources of radiation-induced property changes in SiC composite materials have been identified and strategics developed to improve mechanical performance of these materials during irradiation. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Rowcliffe, AF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-103997-2 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 489 EP 497 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56E UT WOS:000079102600049 ER PT S AU Logan, BG Lindl, JD Meier, WR AF Logan, BG Lindl, JD Meier, WR GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI Inertial fusion energy development approaches for direct and indirect drive SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 3 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy AB Consideration of different driver and target requirements for inertial fusion energy (IFE) power plants together with the potential energy gains of direct and indirect-drive targets leads to different optimal combinations of driver and target options for each type of target. In addition, different fusion chamber concepts are likely to be most compatible with these different driver and target combinations. For example. heavy-ion drivers appear to be well matched to indirect-drive targets with all-liquid-protected-wall chambers requiring two-sided illuminations, while diode-pumped, solid-state laser drivers an: better matched to direct-drive targets with chambers using solid walls or flow-guiding structures to allow spherically symmetric illuminations. R&D on the critical issues of drivers, targets and chambers for both direct and indirect-drive options should be pursued until the ultimate gain of each type of target for IFE is better understood. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Logan, BG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-103997-2 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 601 EP 605 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56E UT WOS:000079102600062 ER PT S AU Perkins, LJ Drake, RP Eddleman, JL Hammer, JH Hartman, CW Mattor, NN Moosman, B Newton, AA Ney, P Rahman, HU Rostoker, N Ryutov, DD Shumlak, U Song, YS Van Drie, A Wessel, FJ AF Perkins, LJ Drake, RP Eddleman, JL Hammer, JH Hartman, CW Mattor, NN Moosman, B Newton, AA Ney, P Rahman, HU Rostoker, N Ryutov, DD Shumlak, U Song, YS Van Drie, A Wessel, FJ GP INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGCY TI High density, high magnetic field concepts for compact fusion reactors SO FUSION ENERGY 1996, VOL 3 SE PROCEEDING SERIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Fusion Energy CY OCT 07-11, 1996 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Int Atomic Energy Agcy ID Z-PINCH; ENHANCED STABILITY; IMPLOSION; FLOW AB One rather discouraging feature of conventional approaches to fusion energy is that they do not appear to lend themselves to a small reactor for developmental purposes. This is in contrast to the normal evolution of a new technology, which typically proceeds to a full scale commercial plant via a set of graduated steps. Accordingly, several concepts concerned with dense plasma fusion systems are being studied theoretically and experimentally. A common aspect is that they employ: (a) high to very high plasma densities (similar to 10(16)-similar to 10(26) cm(-3)) and (b) magnetic fields. If they could be shown to be viable at high fusion Q, they could conceivably lead to compact and inexpensive commercial reactors. At least, their compactness suggests that both proof of principle experiments and development costs will be relatively inexpensive compared with the present conventional approaches. In the paper, the following concepts an: considered: (1) the staged Z pinch; (2) liner implosion of closed field line configurations; (3) magnetic 'fast' ignition of inertial fusion targets; (4) continuous flow Z pinch. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Perkins, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RI Drake, R Paul/I-9218-2012 OI Drake, R Paul/0000-0002-5450-9844 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY PI VIENNA PA WAGRAMERSTRASSE 5, PO BOX 100, A-1400 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0074-1884 BN 92-0-103997-2 J9 P S IAEA PY 1997 BP 619 EP 625 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BM56E UT WOS:000079102600064 ER PT S AU Kazmerski, LL AF Kazmerski, LL BE McConnell, RD TI Photovoltaics characterization: Beyond the horizon SO FUTURE GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st NREL Conference on Future Generation Photovoltaic Technologies CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab AB This paper examines current photovoltaic test, measurement, and characterization techniques and makes evaluations and predictions of the next-generation technologies needed to meet the evolving requirements of photovoltaics. The range of support and research areas, from array through atomic-level analysis, are cited. The specific requirements of research and manufacturing sectors are addressed, including the need for more rapid response, new and photovoltaic-specific measurement techniques, manufacturing environment measurement capabilities, and electronic-based centralized facilities. The integration and cohesion of analytical services with the evolving capabilities of the information highway are discussed and anticipated. To ensure the security of both intellectual and product property, the increased demands of protection of data are emphasized. Trends toward greater accuracy, precision, smaller- and larger-area analysis, and more-versatile measurement technologies are discussed. RP Kazmerski, LL (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-704-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 404 BP 29 EP 43 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BJ90U UT WOS:A1997BJ90U00004 ER PT S AU Czanderna, AW AF Czanderna, AW BE McConnell, RD TI Reliability and lifetime issues for new photovoltaic technologies SO FUTURE GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st NREL Conference on Future Generation Photovoltaic Technologies CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab AB The purposes of this paper are to elucidate the crucial importance of predicting the service lifetime (SLP) for new photovoltaic technologies (PV) modules and to present an outline fur developing a SLP methodology for encapsulated PV cells and minimodules. Specific objectives are (a) to illustrate the essential need and generic nature of SLP for several types of existing solar energy conversion or conservation devices, (b) to elucidate the complexity associated with quantifying the durability of these devices, (c) to define and explain the seven major elements that constitute a generic SLP methodology, (d) to show that implementing the SLP methodology for developing laboratory-scale PV cells and minimodules can reduce the cost of technology development, and (e) to outline an acceptable methodology for relating accelerated life testing to real time testing, using sufficient sample numbers, and applying the methodology in (c) for predicting a service lifetime. The major conclusions are that predicting the service lifetime of PV cells and minimodules should be an essential part of the research and development for developing any future generation PV technology and that using the SLP methodology can be most cost-effectively applied to laboratory scale PV cells and minidevices. RP Czanderna, AW (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,CTR PERFORMANCE ENGN & RELIABIL,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-704-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 404 BP 55 EP 69 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BJ90U UT WOS:A1997BJ90U00006 ER PT S AU Smith, JJ AF Smith, JJ BE McConnell, RD TI Why basic energy sciences is funding innovation SO FUTURE GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st NREL Conference on Future Generation Photovoltaic Technologies CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab AB The Department of Energy's Office of Basic Energy Sciences has the responsibility to provide basic research support for the development of energy technologies and to plan, construct and operate special scientific user facilities. The role of the Office of Basic Energy Sciences in the support of innovative research with emphasis on photovoltaic technology-base work is described. RP Smith, JJ (reprint author), US DOE,DIV MAT SCI,OFF BASIC ENERGY SCI,ER-13-GTN,19901 GERMANTOWN RD,GERMANTOWN,MD 20874, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-704-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 404 BP 73 EP 84 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BJ90U UT WOS:A1997BJ90U00007 ER PT S AU McConnell, RD Mazer, JA AF McConnell, RD Mazer, JA BE McConnell, RD TI The role of universities in the DOE National Photovoltaics Program SO FUTURE GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st NREL Conference on Future Generation Photovoltaic Technologies CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab AB Through subcontracts, universities participate in near-term, mid-term, and long-term technology development in the National Photovoltaics Program of the U.S. Department of Energy. As noted in the DOE Program Plan for 1996-2000, universities' expertise in fundamental science and in materials and device research adds immeasurably to the foundations of science, advancement of technology, and effectiveness of the National Program. However, recent budget cuts have affected university subcontract funding, principally for long-term technology development. Historically, universities funded by DOE concentrated on long-term research, specifically in two subcontract programs entitled ''University Participation'' and ''New Ideas. DOE intends to restart these highly successful programs. RP McConnell, RD (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-704-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 404 BP 101 EP 107 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BJ90U UT WOS:A1997BJ90U00010 ER PT S AU Frank, AJ Gregg, BA Gratzel, M Nozik, AJ Zaban, A Ferrere, S Schlichthorl, G Huang, SY AF Frank, AJ Gregg, BA Gratzel, M Nozik, AJ Zaban, A Ferrere, S Schlichthorl, G Huang, SY BE McConnell, RD TI Photochemical solar cells based on dye-sensitization of nanocrystalline TiO2 SO FUTURE GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st NREL Conference on Future Generation Photovoltaic Technologies CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab AB A new type of photovoltaic cell is described. It is a photoelectrochemical device that is based on the dye sensitization of thin (10-30 mu m) films of TiO2 nanoparticles in contact with a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte. The cell is very simple to fabricate and, in principle, its color can be tuned through the visible spectrum, ranging from being completely transparent to black by changing the absorption characteristics of the dye; the photovoltage of the cell is not determined by the threshold energy for light absorption (bandgap) as in conventional photovoltaic cells based on solid-state semiconductors. The highest present efficiency of the dye-sensitized photochemical solar cell is about 11%. The cell has the potential to be a low-cost photovoltaic option. Unique applications include photovoltaic power windows and photoelectrochromic windows. RP Frank, AJ (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. RI Graetzel, Michael/G-4870-2011 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-704-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 404 BP 145 EP 153 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BJ90U UT WOS:A1997BJ90U00015 ER PT S AU Norton, DP Budai, JD Goyal, A Lowndes, DH Kroeger, DM Christen, DK Paranthaman, M Specht, ED AF Norton, DP Budai, JD Goyal, A Lowndes, DH Kroeger, DM Christen, DK Paranthaman, M Specht, ED BE McConnell, RD TI Low-cost metal substrates for films with aligned grain structures SO FUTURE GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st NREL Conference on Future Generation Photovoltaic Technologies CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab AB Polycrystalline metal substrates that possess a significant amount of in-plane and out-of-plane crystallographic texture have recently been developed for high-temperature superconducting film applications. These substrates enable the virtual elimination of large angle grain boundaries in subsequent epitaxial films, having been successfully utilized in various oxide thin film architectures. This paper describes the characteristics of these substrates, and briefly discusses their potential applicability in polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaic applications. RP Norton, DP (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,POB 2008,MS 6056,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009; Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163; Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-704-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 404 BP 175 EP 181 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BJ90U UT WOS:A1997BJ90U00018 ER PT S AU Kurtz, SR McConnell, R AF Kurtz, SR McConnell, R BE McConnell, RD TI Requirements for a 20%-efficient polycrystalline GaAs solar cell SO FUTURE GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st NREL Conference on Future Generation Photovoltaic Technologies CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab AB Based on a literature review, we explore the material and performance requirements for high-efficiency, potentially low-cost, GaAs solar cells. The goal is a GaAs solar cell, on a low-cost substrate, having an efficiency greater than 20%. An important issue limiting efficiency for polycrystalline GaAs cells is recombination through deep levels associated with grain boundaries, specifically at the part of a grain boundary that intersects the p-n junction. The effect of this junction recombination on cell efficiency is shown as a function of grain size. We explore the potential impact of grain size, grain-boundary passivation, intragrain defects, impurities. and crystal orientation. The impact of intragrain defects on minority-carrier lifetime and cell efficiency is also discussed. We conclude that two critical parameters for achieving high efficiency are the mitigation of intragrain-defect density and perimeter junction recombination. To achieve over 20% efficiency, dislocation densities need to be reduced to less than 5 x 10(6)/cm(2) for very large-grain material. Assuming that the intragrain and surface-recombination properties are state-of-the-art, grain sizes of 20-50 mu m are needed to reach 20%. Once these conditions are met for GaAs cells fabricated on low-cost substrates, both low cost and high efficiency would be possible. RP Kurtz, SR (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-704-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 404 BP 191 EP 205 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BJ90U UT WOS:A1997BJ90U00020 ER PT S AU Coutts, TJ AF Coutts, TJ BE McConnell, RD TI Thermophotovoltaic principles, potential, and problems SO FUTURE GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st NREL Conference on Future Generation Photovoltaic Technologies CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab AB This paper discusses the attractions of thermophotovoltaics (TPV) and reviews the potential performance of single-junction devices. It then offers speculations regarding the next generations of TPV devices, including tandem cells and devices consisting of polycrystalline thin films. RP Coutts, TJ (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-704-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 404 BP 217 EP 233 PG 17 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BJ90U UT WOS:A1997BJ90U00022 ER PT S AU Tuttle, JR Cole, ED Berens, TA Alleman, J Keane, J AF Tuttle, JR Cole, ED Berens, TA Alleman, J Keane, J BE McConnell, RD TI Thin-film filament-based solar cells and modules SO FUTURE GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st NREL Conference on Future Generation Photovoltaic Technologies CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab AB This concept paper describes a patented, novel photovoltaic (PV) technology that is capable of achieving near-term commercialization and profitability based upon design features that maximize product performance while minimizing initial and future manufacturing costs. DayStar Technologies plans to exploit these features and introduce a product to the market based upon these differential positions. The technology combines the demonstrated performance and reliability of existing thin-film PV product with a cell and module geometry that cuts material usage by a factor of 5, and enhances performance and manufacturability relative to standard flat-plate designs. The target product introduction price is $1.50/Watt-peak (Wp). This is approximately one-half the cost of the presently available PV product. Additional features include: increased efficiency through low-level concentration, no scribe or grid loss, simple series interconnect, high voltage, light weight, high-throughput manufacturing, large area immediate demonstration, flexibility, modularity. RP Tuttle, JR (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-704-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 404 BP 243 EP 250 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BJ90U UT WOS:A1997BJ90U00024 ER PT S AU Mascarenhas, A Zhang, Y Millunchick, JM Twesten, RD Jones, ED AF Mascarenhas, A Zhang, Y Millunchick, JM Twesten, RD Jones, ED BE McConnell, RD TI Lateral superlattice solar cells SO FUTURE GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st NREL Conference on Future Generation Photovoltaic Technologies CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab AB A novel structure which comprises of a lateral superlattice as the active layer of a solar cell is proposed. If the alternating regions A and B of a lateral superlattice ABABAB... are chosen to have a Type-II band offset, it is shown that the performance of the active absorbing region of the solar cell is optimized. In essence, the Type-II lateral superlattice region can satisfy the material requirements for an ideal solar cells active absorbing region, i.e. simultaneously having a very high transition probability for photogeneration and a very long minority carrier recombination lifetime. RP Mascarenhas, A (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-704-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 404 BP 303 EP 308 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BJ90U UT WOS:A1997BJ90U00031 ER PT S AU Hanna, MC Lu, ZH Nozik, AJ AF Hanna, MC Lu, ZH Nozik, AJ BE McConnell, RD TI Hot carrier solar cells SO FUTURE GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st NREL Conference on Future Generation Photovoltaic Technologies CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab AB We present our investigations of a novel concept for increasing the efficiency of solid state photovoltaic devices. We propose that hot photogenerated carriers can reduce radiative recombination in a p-i-n device structure that has an intrinsic superlattice absorption region. The reduced radiative recombination leads to higher photovoltage and conversion efficiency. We present experimental results on P-i(SL)-N devices fabricated from GaAs/AlGaAs, along with predictions of idealized hoc carrier solar cell behavior obtained using a rigorous energy balance device model. RP Hanna, MC (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-704-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 404 BP 309 EP 316 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BJ90U UT WOS:A1997BJ90U00032 ER PT S AU Deb, SK AF Deb, SK BE McConnell, RD TI Novel material architectures for photovoltaics SO FUTURE GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st NREL Conference on Future Generation Photovoltaic Technologies CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab AB In this paper, an analysis is made on what can be a long-term and fruitful direction in which the new material architecture for photovoltaics may logically evolve during the next couple of decades. In spite of great advances, all of the PV material systems that are currently being developed have problems that need to be solved. Therefore, the search for new material systems will continue. It is reasonable to expect that the next generation of materials is likely to come from ternary and multinary semiconductors belonging to a class of tetrahedrally bonded diamond-like compounds. These are most promising because of their close similarity with traditional semiconductors with respect to their composition, crystal structure, nature of chemical bonds, and electronic structures. RP Deb, SK (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,CTR BASIC SCI,1617 COLE BLVD,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-704-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 404 BP 325 EP 334 PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BJ90U UT WOS:A1997BJ90U00034 ER PT S AU Goyal, A Norton, DP Paranthaman, M Specht, ED He, Q List, FA Kroeger, DM Christen, DK Budai, JD AF Goyal, A Norton, DP Paranthaman, M Specht, ED He, Q List, FA Kroeger, DM Christen, DK Budai, JD BE McConnell, RD TI Low cost, single crystal-like substrates for practical, high efficiency solar cells SO FUTURE GENERATION PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st NREL Conference on Future Generation Photovoltaic Technologies CY MAR 24-26, 1997 CL DENVER, CO SP Natl Renewable Energy Lab AB It is well established that high efficiency (20%) solar cells can be routinely fabricated using single crystal photovoltaic (PV) materials with low defect densities. Polycrystalline materials with small gain sizes and no crystallographic texture typically result in reduced efficiences. This has been ascribed primarily to the presence of grain boundaries and their effect on recombination processes. Furthermore, lack of crystallographic texture can result in a large variation in dopant concentrations which critically control the electronic properties of the material. Hence in order to reproducibly fabricate high efficiency solar cells a method which results in near single crystal material is desirable. Bulk single crystal growth of PV materials is cumbersome, expensive and difficult to scale up. We present here a possible route to achieve this if epitaxial growth of photovoltaic materials on rolling-assisted-biaxially-textured-substrates (RABiTS) can be achieved. The RABiTS process uses well-established, industrially scaleable, thermomechanical processing to produce a biaxially textured or single-crystal-like metal substrate with large grains (50-100 mu m). This is followed by epitaxial growth of suitable buffer layers to yield chemically and structurally compatible surfaces for epitaxial growth of device materials. Using the RABiTS process it should be possible to economically fabricate single-crystal-like substrates of desired sizes. Epitaxial growth of photovoltaic devices on such substrates presents a possible route to obtaining low-cost, high performance solar cells. RP Goyal, A (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,BLDG 4500-S,MS-6116,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Paranthaman, Mariappan/N-3866-2015; Budai, John/R-9276-2016; Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Paranthaman, Mariappan/0000-0003-3009-8531; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306; Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-704-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 404 BP 377 EP 394 PG 18 WC Energy & Fuels; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Physics GA BJ90U UT WOS:A1997BJ90U00040 ER PT S AU Samios, NP AF Samios, NP BE Parsa, Z TI Perspectives on future high energy physics SO FUTURE HIGH ENERGY COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future High Energy Colliders Symposium CY OCT 21-25, 1996 CL INST THEORET PHYS, SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn HO INST THEORET PHYS RP Samios, NP (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-729-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 397 BP 1 EP 8 PG 8 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69T UT WOS:A1997BJ69T00001 ER PT S AU Krebs, M AF Krebs, M BE Parsa, Z TI View from Washington: Perspectives on future high energy physics SO FUTURE HIGH ENERGY COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future High Energy Colliders Symposium CY OCT 21-25, 1996 CL INST THEORET PHYS, SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn HO INST THEORET PHYS RP Krebs, M (reprint author), US DOE,WASHINGTON,DC 20585, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-729-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 397 BP 9 EP 10 PG 2 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69T UT WOS:A1997BJ69T00002 ER PT S AU Marciano, WJ AF Marciano, WJ BE Parsa, Z TI The standard model and beyond (in search of ''new physics'') SO FUTURE HIGH ENERGY COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future High Energy Colliders Symposium CY OCT 21-25, 1996 CL INST THEORET PHYS, SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn HO INST THEORET PHYS AB The status of the Standard Model and guiding role of symmetry in its development are reviewed. Some outstanding problems are surveyed and possible solutions in the form of additional ''Hidden Symmetries'' are discussed. Experimental approaches to uncover and explore ''New Physics'' associated with those symmetries are described with emphasis on the utility of high energy colliders. An outlook for the future is given. RP Marciano, WJ (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-729-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 397 BP 11 EP 26 PG 16 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69T UT WOS:A1997BJ69T00003 ER PT S AU Hinchliffe, I AF Hinchliffe, I BE Parsa, Z TI Precision physics at LHC SO FUTURE HIGH ENERGY COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future High Energy Colliders Symposium CY OCT 21-25, 1996 CL INST THEORET PHYS, SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn HO INST THEORET PHYS AB In this talk I give a brief survey of some physics topics that will be addressed by the Large Hadron Collider currently under construction at CERN. Instead of discussing the reach of this machine for new physics, I give examples of the types of precision measurements that might be made if new physics is discovered. RP Hinchliffe, I (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-729-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 397 BP 129 EP 137 PG 9 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69T UT WOS:A1997BJ69T00010 ER PT S AU Harrison, M AF Harrison, M BE Parsa, Z TI Very large Hadron colliders SO FUTURE HIGH ENERGY COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future High Energy Colliders Symposium CY OCT 21-25, 1996 CL INST THEORET PHYS, SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn HO INST THEORET PHYS RP Harrison, M (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,RHIC PROJECT,POB 5000,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-729-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 397 BP 139 EP 142 PG 4 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69T UT WOS:A1997BJ69T00011 ER PT S AU Paige, FE AF Paige, FE BE Parsa, Z TI Physics sit LHC and NLC SO FUTURE HIGH ENERGY COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future High Energy Colliders Symposium CY OCT 21-25, 1996 CL INST THEORET PHYS, SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn HO INST THEORET PHYS AB The Standard Model describes everything that we know about particle physics today, but it is probably incomplete, with new physics below the 1 TeV scale. The Large Hadron Collider at CERN will be the first accelerator to probe this scale. The Next Lepton Collider could provide valuable additional information. RP Paige, FE (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT PHYS,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-729-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 397 BP 157 EP 171 PG 15 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69T UT WOS:A1997BJ69T00013 ER PT S AU Wilson, PB AF Wilson, PB BE Parsa, Z TI Scaling linear colliders to 5 TeV and above SO FUTURE HIGH ENERGY COLLIDERS SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Future High Energy Colliders Symposium CY OCT 21-25, 1996 CL INST THEORET PHYS, SANTA BARBARA, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn HO INST THEORET PHYS AB Detailed designs exist at present for linear colliders in the 0.5-1.0 TeV center-of-mass energy range. For linear colliders driven by discrete rf sources (klystrons), the rf operating frequencies range from 1.3 GHz to 14 GHz, and the unloaded accelerating gradients from 21 MV/m to 100 MV/m. Except for the collider design at 1.3 GHz (TESLA) which uses superconducting accelerating structures, the accelerating gradients vary roughly linearly with the rf frequency. This correlation between gradient and frequency follows from the necessity to keep the ac ''wall plug'' power within reasonable bounds. For linear colliders at energies of 5 TeV and above, even higher accelerating gradients and rf operating frequencies will be required if both the total machine length and ac power are to be kept within reasonable limits. An rf system for a 5 TeV collider operating at 34 GHz is outlined, and it is shown that there are reasonable candidates for microwave tube sources which, together with rf pulse compression, are capable of supplying the required rf power. Some possibilities for a 15 TeV collider at 91 GHz are briefly discussed. RP Wilson, PB (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,POB 4349,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AIP PRESS PI WOODBURY PA AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS 500 SUNNYSIDE BOULEVARD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2999 SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-729-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 397 BP 191 EP 202 PG 12 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BJ69T UT WOS:A1997BJ69T00015 ER PT S AU Denecke, R Morais, J Wetzel, C Liesegang, J Haller, EE Fadley, CS AF Denecke, R Morais, J Wetzel, C Liesegang, J Haller, EE Fadley, CS BE Abernathy, CR Amano, H Zolper, JC TI X-ray photoelectron diffraction measurements of hexagonal GaN(0001) thin films SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gallium Nitride and Related Materials II CY APR 01-04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB We report on the first scanned-angle x-ray photoelectron diffraction measurements on GaN(0001) in the wurtzite structure, as grown on sapphire substrates using MOCVD. These as-grown samples reveal forward scattering peaks in agreement with a theoretical calculation using a single scattering cluster calculation. The surface contamination by O and C does not exhibit any clear structure. From the combination of experiment and theoretical calculation and from a simple intensity ratio argument the surface termination for these samples could be determined to be N. The data also indicate that C is on average closer to the GaN surface than O. RP Denecke, R (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Morais, Jonder/E-5022-2013; Wetzel, Christian/O-4017-2014 OI Morais, Jonder/0000-0002-4143-1208; Wetzel, Christian/0000-0002-6055-0990 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-372-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 468 BP 263 EP 268 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BJ46Q UT WOS:A1997BJ46Q00042 ER PT S AU Ruvimov, S LilientalWeber, Z Dieker, C Washburn, J Koike, M Amano, H Akasaki, I AF Ruvimov, S LilientalWeber, Z Dieker, C Washburn, J Koike, M Amano, H Akasaki, I BE Abernathy, CR Amano, H Zolper, JC TI TEM/HREM analysis of defects in GaN epitaxial layers grown by MOVPE on SiC and sapphire SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gallium Nitride and Related Materials II CY APR 01-04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB High resolution electron microscopy has been applied to study the structure of epitaxial GaN layers grown by MOVPE on SiC and sapphire substrates. Defects in GaN were systematically studied for undoped, and Si-and Mg-doped samples. For both substrates, the Si-doping was found to decrease the dislocation density at the layer surface, while Mg-doping increased it. The density of nanopipes increased with both types of doping. Cracking of GaN layers was observed for SiC substrates. Crack formation was not detected in layers grown on sapphire. Mechanisms of defect generation are discussed in relation to the initial growth stages, the effect of doping, and the type of substrate. RP Ruvimov, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-372-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 468 BP 287 EP 292 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BJ46Q UT WOS:A1997BJ46Q00046 ER PT S AU Shul, RJ Briggs, RD Han, J Pearton, SJ Lee, JW Vartuli, CB Killeen, KP Ludowise, MJ AF Shul, RJ Briggs, RD Han, J Pearton, SJ Lee, JW Vartuli, CB Killeen, KP Ludowise, MJ BE Abernathy, CR Amano, H Zolper, JC TI Patterning of GaN in high-density Cl-2- and BCl3-based plasmas SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gallium Nitride and Related Materials II CY APR 01-04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB Fabrication of group-III nitride electronic and photonic devices relies heavily on the ability to pattern features with anisotropic profiles, smooth surface morphologies, etch rates often exceeding 0.5 mu m/min, and a low degree of plasma-induced damage. Patterning these materials has been especially difficult due to their high bond energies and their relatively inert chemical nature as compared to other compound semiconductors. However, high-density plasma etching has been an effective patterning technique due to ion fluxes which are 2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher than conventional RIE systems. GaN etch rates as high as similar to 1.3 mu m/min have been reported in ECR generated ICl plasmas at -150 V dc-bias. In this study, we report high-density GaN etch results for ECR-and ICP-generated plasmas as a function of Cl-2- and BCl3-based plasma chemistries. RP Shul, RJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-372-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 468 BP 355 EP 366 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BJ46Q UT WOS:A1997BJ46Q00055 ER PT S AU Zolper, JC Han, J Biefeld, RM VanDeusen, SB Wampler, WR Pearton, SJ Williams, JS Tan, HH Karlicek, RJ Stall, RA AF Zolper, JC Han, J Biefeld, RM VanDeusen, SB Wampler, WR Pearton, SJ Williams, JS Tan, HH Karlicek, RJ Stall, RA BE Abernathy, CR Amano, H Zolper, JC TI Implantation activation annealing of Si-implanted gallium nitride at temperatures >1100 degrees C SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gallium Nitride and Related Materials II CY APR 01-04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB The activation annealing of Si-implanted GaN is reported for temperatures from 1100 to 1400 degrees C. Although previous work has shown that Si-implanted GaN can be activated by a rapid thermal annealing at similar to 1100 degrees C, it was also shown that significant damage remained in the crystal. Therefore, both AlN-encapsulated and uncapped Si-implanted GaN samples were annealed in a metal organic chemical vapor deposition system in a N-2/NH3 ambient to further assess the annealing process. Electrical Hall characterization shows Increases in carrier density and mobility for annealing up to 1300 degrees C before degrading at 1400 degrees C due to decomposition of the GaN epilayer. Rutherford backscattering spectra show that the high annealing temperatures reduce the implantation induced damage profile but do not completely restore the as-grown crystallinity. RP Zolper, JC (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-372-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 468 BP 401 EP 406 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BJ46Q UT WOS:A1997BJ46Q00061 ER PT S AU Chow, WW Wright, AF Girndt, A Jahnke, F Koch, SW AF Chow, WW Wright, AF Girndt, A Jahnke, F Koch, SW BE Abernathy, CR Amano, H Zolper, JC TI Theory of gain in group-III nitride lasers SO GALLIUM NITRIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS II SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Gallium Nitride and Related Materials II CY APR 01-04, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Mat Res Soc AB A microscopic theory of gain in a group-III nitride quantum well laser is presented. The approach, which treats carrier correlations at the level of quantum kinetic theory, gives a consistent account of plasma and excitonic effects in an inhomogeneously broadened system. RP Chow, WW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-372-X J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 468 BP 487 EP 494 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BJ46Q UT WOS:A1997BJ46Q00074 ER PT B AU Sze, RC AF Sze, RC BE Sze, RC Dorko, EA TI Large-area surface discharge UV light source for materials processing applications SO GAS AND CHEMICAL LASERS AND APPLICATIONS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gas and Chemical Lasers and Applications II CY FEB 10, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Performance of a 6''X 6'' surface discharge that give integrated light intensities greater than 400 mJ/cm(2) is reported here. Light uniformity on the surface of high density alumina dielectric has been measured to show better than 5% across the entire discharge area. Detailed spectroscopic content of these discharges in different gases and gas mixtures are presented from 160nm to 735nm region. RP Sze, RC (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2398-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2987 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1117/12.271553 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH57E UT WOS:A1997BH57E00011 ER PT J AU Overbeek, R Larsen, N Smith, W Maltsev, N Selkov, E AF Overbeek, R Larsen, N Smith, W Maltsev, N Selkov, E TI Representation of function: The next step SO GENE-COMBIS LA English DT Article C1 MICHIGAN STATE UNIV,CTR MICROBIAL ECOL,E LANSING,MI 48824. RUSSIAN ACAD SCI,INST THEORET BIOPHYS,PUSHCHINO 142292,MOSCOW REGION,RUSSIA. RP Overbeek, R (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 9 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE-COMBIS JI Gene-Combis PY 1997 VL 191 BP GC1 EP GC9 DI 10.1016/S0378-1119(96)00854-2 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA WZ578 UT WOS:A1997WZ57800001 PM 9210599 ER PT S AU Szapudi, I AF Szapudi, I BE Schramm, DN Galeotti, P TI Higher order statistics from the EDSGC catalog SO GENERATION OF COSMOLOGICAL LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES C, MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on the 3rd Erice School on Particle Astrophysics - Generation of Large-Scale Cosmological Structure CY NOV 03-13, 1996 CL ERICE, ITALY SP NATO Adv Study Inst, NATO Sci Comm C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Szapudi, I (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Theoret Astrophys Grp, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0258-2023 BN 0-7923-4816-8 J9 NATO ADV SCI I C-MAT PY 1997 VL 503 BP 223 EP 230 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BL41K UT WOS:000075435000009 ER PT J AU Edwards, KL Newman, B Mayer, E Selby, JV Krauss, RM Austin, MA AF Edwards, KL Newman, B Mayer, E Selby, JV Krauss, RM Austin, MA TI Heritability of factors of the insulin resistance syndrome in women twins SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genetic influences; factor analysis; insulin resistance syndrome ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; LDL SUBCLASS PHENOTYPES; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; LOW HDL CHOLESTEROL; ADULT MALE TWINS; BODY-MASS INDEX; SEGREGATION ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; GENETIC HERITABILITY AB The insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) is characterized by a combination of interrelated coronary heart disease (CHD risk factors, including low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, obesity and increases in triglyceride (TG), blood pressure, small low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL), and both fasting and postload plasma insulin and glucose. Using factor analysis, we previously identified 3 uncorrelated factors that explained 66% of the variance among these variables, based on data from women participating in examination 2 of the Kaiser Permanente Women Twins Study in Oakland, CA during 1989-1990. The factors were interpreted as: 1) body mass/fat distribution, 2) insulin/glucose, and 3) lipids: TG, HDL-C, LDL peak particle diameter. In this analysis, heritability of each of the factors was estimated based on data from 140 monozygotic and 96 dizygotic pairs of non-diabetic women twins. Heritability estimates were calculated using the classical approach, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach, and the maximum likelihood approach. For the body mass/fat distribution factor heritability estimates suggest moderate genetic influences: 0.61 (P < 0.001), 0.14 (P > 0.05), and 0.71 (P < 0.001), respectively. The insulin/glucose factor appeared to be highly heritable, with estimates of 0.87, 0.92, and 0.57 (all P < 0.001), respectively. The heritability estimates for the lipid factor were moderate and consistent across methods: 0.25 (P < 0.10), 0.32 (P < 0.05), and 0.30 (P < 0.05), respectively. These results are consistent with genetic influences on each of the 3 ''factors,'' and suggest that both genetic and environmental effects are involved in the clustering of IRS risk factors. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 UNIV N CAROLINA, SCH PUBL HLTH, DEPT EPIDEMIOL, CHAPEL HILL, NC USA. WAKE FOREST UNIV, BOWMAN GRAY SCH MED, DEPT PUBL HLTH SCI, WINSTON SALEM, NC 27103 USA. KAISER PERMANENTE MED CARE PROGRAM, DIV RES, OAKLAND, CA 94611 USA. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. RP Edwards, KL (reprint author), UNIV WASHINGTON, SCH PUBL HLTH & COMMUNITY MED, DEPT EPIDEMIOL, BOX 358770, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL18574] NR 64 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PY 1997 VL 14 IS 3 BP 241 EP 253 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2272(1997)14:3<241::AID-GEPI3>3.0.CO;2-8 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA XC842 UT WOS:A1997XC84200003 PM 9181354 ER PT J AU Collins, C Nehlin, JO Stubbs, JD Kowbel, D Kuo, WL Parry, G AF Collins, C Nehlin, JO Stubbs, JD Kowbel, D Kuo, WL Parry, G TI Mapping of a newly discovered human gene homologous to the apoptosis associated-murine mammary protein, MFG-E8, to chromosome 15q25 SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE; SEQUENCES; SURFACE; DOMAINS C1 SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIV,DEPT BIOL SCI,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94132. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94117. BERLEX BIOSCI,RICHMOND,CA 94804. RP Collins, C (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,RESOURCE MOL CYTOGENET,MAILSTOP 74-157,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC JNL-COMP SUBSCRIPTIONS PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 39 IS 1 BP 117 EP 118 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA WD351 UT WOS:A1997WD35100017 PM 9027496 ER PT J AU Duff, MC Amrhein, C Bertsch, PM Hunter, DB AF Duff, MC Amrhein, C Bertsch, PM Hunter, DB TI The chemistry of uranium in evaporation pond sediment in the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA, using X-ray fluorescence and XANES techniques SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID HEAVY-METAL ELEMENTS; BLACK-SEA SEDIMENTS; CHLORELLA-REGULARIS; BIOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; OXIDATION-STATE; CARBONATE; REDUCTION; REDOX; GEOCHEMISTRY; SOLUBILITY AB Evaporation ponds in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV), CA, used for the disposal of irrigation drainage waters, contain elevated levels of uranium. The ponds are filled periodically and support algae which upon evaporation become incorporated in the sediments as layers of decaying organic matter. This rich source of organic matter promotes reducing conditions in the sediments. Our research was conducted to characterize oxidation/reduction reactions that affect soluble and sediment U(IV)/U(VI) concentrations in the SJV ponds. Studies were done to (I) determine soluble U(VI)/U(IV) in waters in contact with a pond sediment subjected to changes in redox status, (2) observe U solid oxidation state as a reducing pond sediment underwent (in vitro) oxidation, and(3) determine U solid oxidation state with respect to depth in pond surface sediment layers. Low pressure ion-exchange chromatography with an eluent of 0.125 M H2C2O4/0.25 M HNO3 was used for the separation of U(IV) and U(VI) oxidation states in the drainage waters. Soluble U(VI) and U(IV) coexisted in sediment suspensions exposed to changes in redox potential (Eh) (-260 mV to +330 mV), and U(VI) was highly soluble in the oxidized, surface pond sediments. X-ray near edge absorption spectroscopy (XANES) showed that the U solid phases were 25% U(IV) and 75% U(VI) and probably a mixed solid [U3O8(s)] in highly reducing pond sediments. Sediment U(IV) increased slightly with depth in the surface pond sediment layers suggesting a gradual reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) with time. Under oxidized conditions, this mixed oxidation-state solid was highly soluble. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT SOIL & ENVIRONM SCI,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. UNIV GEORGIA,SAVANNAH RIVER ECOL LAB,AIKEN,SC 29802. NR 59 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 1 BP 73 EP 81 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00330-4 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA WE861 UT WOS:A1997WE86100005 ER PT J AU Sturchio, NC Chiarello, RP Cheng, LW Lyman, PF Bedzyk, MJ Qian, YL You, HD Yee, D Geissbuhler, P Sorensen, LB Liang, Y Baer, DR AF Sturchio, NC Chiarello, RP Cheng, LW Lyman, PF Bedzyk, MJ Qian, YL You, HD Yee, D Geissbuhler, P Sorensen, LB Liang, Y Baer, DR TI Lead adsorption at the calcite-water interface: Synchrotron X-ray standing wave and X-ray reflectivity studies SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CRYSTAL-SURFACES; TRACE-ELEMENTS; SOLID-SOLUTION; COMPLEXES; SORPTION; DISCRIMINATION; SPECTROSCOPY; CARBONATES; ABSORPTION AB By combining synchrotron X-ray standing wave (XSW) measurements with synchrotron Xray reflectivity measurements, we have determined: (1) the precise three-dimensional location within the calcite unit cell of submonolayer Pb ions adsorbed at the calcite (104) surface from dilute aqueous solutions, and (2) the precise one-dimensional location of these unit cells relative to the calcite surface. Our XSW measurements, using three separate calcite Bragg reflections for triangulation, show that most adsorbed Pb ions occupy Ca sites in the calcite lattice with an ordered coverage of 0.05 equivalent monolayers, while the remaining Pb ions are disordered with a coverage of 0.03 equivalent monolayers. Our X-ray reflectivity measurements show that the ordered Pb ions occur primarily (>70%) in the surface atomic layer of calcite. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to characterize the topography of the calcite (104) surface under conditions similar to the X-ray experiments. The quantitative morphological information obtained by AFM was used to develop realistic models of the calcite surface. The calculated X-ray reflectivities for these model surfaces were compared with the measured X-ray reflectivities. The new combined X-ray method that we have developed can be used to determine the atomic-scale structure of other metals adsorbed at mineral-water interfaces. Such high-resolution structural determinations are essential before detailed conceptual and theoretical models can be further developed to understand and predict the behavior of dissolved metals in mineral-water systems. Copyright (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NORTHWESTERN UNIV, EVANSTON, IL 60208 USA. UNIV WASHINGTON, SEATTLE, WA 98195 USA. PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. RP Sturchio, NC (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB, 9700 S CASS AVE, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. RI Bedzyk, Michael/B-7503-2009; Cheng, Likwan/C-1436-2013; Baer, Donald/J-6191-2013; Bedzyk, Michael/K-6903-2013; You, Hoydoo/A-6201-2011 OI Baer, Donald/0000-0003-0875-5961; You, Hoydoo/0000-0003-2996-9483 NR 59 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 5 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD JAN PY 1997 VL 61 IS 2 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00326-2 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA WG851 UT WOS:A1997WG85100001 ER PT J AU Luo, W Arvidson, RE Sultan, M Becker, R Crombie, MK Sturchio, N ElAlfy, Z AF Luo, W Arvidson, RE Sultan, M Becker, R Crombie, MK Sturchio, N ElAlfy, Z TI Ground-water sapping processes, Western Desert, Egypt SO GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EASTERN SAHARA; MONSOON; TOPOGRAPHY; RAINFALL; PLATEAU; VALLEYS; ORIGIN; OASIS; FLOW AB Depressions of the Western Desert of Egypt (specifically, Kharga, Farafra, and Kurkur regions) are mainly occupied by shales that are impermeable, but easily erodible by rainfall and runoff, whereas the surrounding plateaus are composed of limestones that are permeable and more resistant to fluvial erosion under semiarid to arid conditions. Scallop-shaped escarpment edges and stubby-looking channels that cut into the plateau units are suggestive of slumping of limestones by ground-water sapping at the limestone-shale interfaces, removal of slump blocks by weathering and fluvial erosion, and consequent scarp retreat. Spring-derived tufa deposits found near the limestone escarpments provide additional evidence for possible ground-water sapping during previous wet periods. A computer simulation model was developed to quantify the ground-water sapping processes, using a cellular automata algorithm with coupled surface runoff and ground-water flow for a permeable, resistant layer over an impermeable, friable unit. Erosion, deposition, slumping, and generation of spring-derived tufas were parametrically modeled. Simulations using geologically reasonable parameters demonstrate that relatively rapid erosion of the shales by surface runoff, ground-water sapping, and slumping of the limestones, and detailed control by hydraulic conductivity inhomogeneities associated with structures explain the depressions, escarpments, and associated landforms and deposits. Using episodic wet pulses, keyed by delta(18)O deep-sea core record, the model produced tufa ages that are statistically consistent with the observed U/Th tufa ages. This result supports the hypothesis that northeastern African wet periods occurred during interglacial maxima. The delta(18)O-forced model also replicates the decrease in fluvial and sapping activity over the past million years, as northeastern Africa became hyperarid. The model thus provides a promising predictive tool for studying long-term landform evolution that involves surface and subsurface processes and climatic change. C1 WASHINGTON UNIV, DEPT EARTH & PLANETARY SCI, MCDONNELL CTR SPACE SCI, ST LOUIS, MO 63130 USA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, ARGONNE, IL 60439 USA. EGYPTIAN GEOL SURVEY & MIN AUTHOR, CAIRO, EGYPT. RI Becker, Richard/A-9120-2010 OI Becker, Richard/0000-0003-2514-2040 NR 62 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMER, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0016-7606 EI 1943-2674 J9 GEOL SOC AM BULL JI Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 109 IS 1 BP 43 EP 62 DI 10.1130/0016-7606(1997)109<0043:GWSPWD>2.3.CO;2 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA WF334 UT WOS:A1997WF33400003 ER PT S AU Barns, SM NierzwickiBauer, SA AF Barns, SM NierzwickiBauer, SA BE Banfield, JF Nealson, KH TI Microbial diversity in ocean, surface and subsurface environments SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MICROBES AND MINERALS SE REVIEWS IN MINERALOGY LA English DT Review CT Short Course on Geomicrobiology CY OCT 18-19, 1997 CL ALTA, UT SP Mineral Soc Amer ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; TARGETED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; FATTY-ACID PROFILES; SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DEGRADING PSEUDOMONAS-PUTIDA; YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; DEEP-SUBSURFACE C1 RENSSELAER POLYTECH INST, DEPT BIOL, MRC 306, TROY, NY 12181 USA. RP Barns, SM (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, DIV LIFE SCI, M888, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 211 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 6 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0275-0279 BN 0-939950-45-6 J9 REV MINERAL JI Rev. Mineral. PY 1997 VL 35 BP 35 EP 79 PG 45 WC Mineralogy SC Mineralogy GA BJ74J UT WOS:A1997BJ74J00002 ER PT J AU Mckinley, JP Stevens, TO Fredrickson, JK Zachara, JM Colwell, FS Wagnon, KB Smith, SC Rawson, SA Bjornstad, BN AF Mckinley, JP Stevens, TO Fredrickson, JK Zachara, JM Colwell, FS Wagnon, KB Smith, SC Rawson, SA Bjornstad, BN TI Biogeochemistry of anaerobic lacustrine and paleosol sediments within an aerobic unconfined aquifer SO GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE sulfate reduction; iron reduction; anaerobic sediments; electron acceptor limitation; groundwater geochemistry ID FERRIC IRON; COASTAL-PLAIN; AQUATIC SEDIMENTS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; ORGANIC-CARBON; REDUCTION; GEOCHEMISTRY; DEEP; METABOLISM; BACTERIA AB The geochemistry and the distribution and abundance of anaerobic bacteria were determined for sediments sampled in a deep borehole in south-central Washington. The sampled sediments consisted of a 12-m-thick lacustrine sequence underlain by 8 m of paleosol grading into 5 m of silty sands, within an aerobic unconfined aquifer otherwise composed of transmissive sands and gravels. Concentrations of porewater sulfate varied systematically with depth, reaching a minimum of 3.9 mg L-L in the central portion of the lacustrine sequence. Lacustrine sediments contained up to 1 wt% fetal organic carbon, whereas other sediments contained less than 0.2 wt% organic carbon. Fermentative bacteria were present throughout the sampled sequence, and were assumed to be responsible far primary degradation of organic carbon. Dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB) were at maximum abundance where bioavailable Fe(III) and organic carbon were present at favorable combined concentrations. Sulfate-reducing bacteria were culturable in two zones with few DIRE, where sulfate and organic carbon were sufficiently available. Evidence of iron oxidizers or methanogens was lacking in all samples. The fine-grained nature of the lacustrine sediments, their low hydraulic conductivities the persistence of organic carbon within them for 5-8 million years, and the concentration gradients of electron acceptors in lacustrine porewaters indicated that bacterial oxidation of sediment organic matter was ongoing within these sediments, albeit at very low rates. Low hydraulic conductivity may have constrained the mobility of bacteria and electron donors and accepters. Microenvironments within the sediments, within which bacterial activity was limited by the flux of fermentation by-products and the availability of electron accepters, could thus explain the continued presence of organic carbon and bioavailable Fe(III). C1 IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB, IDAHO FALLS, ID 83415 USA. RP Mckinley, JP (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, INTERFACIAL GEOCHEM GRP, MAIL STOP K3-61,BATTELLE BLVD,POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS PI BRISTOL PA 1900 FROST ROAD, SUITE 101, BRISTOL, PA 19007-1598 SN 0149-0451 J9 GEOMICROBIOL J JI Geomicrobiol. J. PD JAN-MAR PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1 BP 23 EP 39 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA WJ019 UT WOS:A1997WJ01900002 ER PT J AU Zhao, YS VonDreele, RB Shankland, TJ Weidner, DJ Zhang, JZ Wang, YB Gasparik, T AF Zhao, YS VonDreele, RB Shankland, TJ Weidner, DJ Zhang, JZ Wang, YB Gasparik, T TI Thermoelastic equation of state of jadeite NaAlSi2O6: An energy-dispersive Reitveld refinement study of low symmetry and multiple phases diffraction SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; MANTLE; TEMPERATURE; MINERALS AB We report the first measurement of a complete set of thermoelastic equation of state of a clinopyroxene mineral. We have conducted an in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction study of jadeite at simultaneous high pressures and high temperatures. A modified Rietveld profile refinement program has been applied to refine the diffraction spectra of tow symmetry and multiple phases observed in energy dispersive mode. Unit cell volumes, measured up to 8.2 GPa and 1280 K, are fitted to a modified high-temperature Birch-Murnaghan equation of state. The derived thermoelastic parameters of the jadeite are: bulk modulus K = 125 GPa with assumed pressure derivative of bulk modulus K' = partial derivative K/partial derivative P = 5.0, temperature derivative of bulk modulus K = partial derivative K/partial derivative T = -1.65 x 10(-2) GPa K-1, and volumetric thermal expansivity alpha = a + bT with values of a = 2.56 x 10(-5) K-1 and b = 0.26 x 10(-8) K-2. We also derived thermal Gruneisen parameter gamma(th) = 1.06 for ambient conditions; Anderson-Gruneisen parameter delta(To) = 5.02, and pressure derivative of thermal expansion <(o)over bar alpha>/(o) over bar P = -1.06 x 10(-6) K-1 GPa(-1). From the P-V-T data and the thermoelastic equation of state, thermal expansions at five constant pressures of 1.0, 2.5, 4.0, 5.5, and 7.5 GPa are calculated. The derived pressure dependence of thermal expansion is: Delta alpha/Delta P = -0.97 x 10(-6) K-1 GPa(-1), in good agreement with the thermodynamic relations. C1 SUNY STONY BROOK,STONY BROOK,NY 11794. RP Zhao, YS (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS NEUTRON SCATTERING CTR,MS-H805,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI Wang, Yanbin/0000-0001-5716-3183 NR 21 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 5 EP 8 DI 10.1029/96GL03769 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA WB786 UT WOS:A1997WB78600002 ER PT J AU Cooper, DI Eichinger, WE Ecke, RE Kao, JCY Reisner, JM Tellier, LL AF Cooper, DI Eichinger, WE Ecke, RE Kao, JCY Reisner, JM Tellier, LL TI Initial investigations of microscale cellular convection in an equatorial marine atmospheric boundary layer revealed by lidar SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB During the Combined Sensor Program (CSP) in March of 1996, the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) fielded an advanced scanning Raman lidar. The lidar was part of a larger suite of micrometeorological sensors to quantify processes associated with the ocean-atmosphere interface, including intermittency and coherent atmospheric features in the ''warm pool'' of the Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) near Manus Island (2 degrees S. lat., 147 degrees E. long). Initial inspection of the data has revealed excellent information on the microscale vertical and horizontal spatial and temporal structure of the equatorial Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL). The data from this experiment have added to the increasing body of measurements on surface layer convection and intermittency including, for the first time, the observation of microscale cellular convective structures such as hexagonal patterns associated with Rayleigh-Benard cells. RP Cooper, DI (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS C300,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 45 EP 48 DI 10.1029/96GL03255 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA WB786 UT WOS:A1997WB78600012 ER PT J AU Imre, DG Xu, J Tridico, AC AF Imre, DG Xu, J Tridico, AC TI Phase transformations in sulfuric acid aerosols: Implications for stratospheric ozone depletion SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD FORMATION; SOLUTION DROPLETS; ICE; NUCLEATION; HCL; DENITRIFICATION; TRIHYDRATE; CLONO2; GROWTH; WATER AB Activation reactions of benign chlorine species (HCl, ClONO2) on aerosols in the winter polar stratosphere set the stage for the spring-time catalytic destruction of ozone leading to the Antarctic ozone hole. Field observations have demonstrated the existence of both solid and liquid particles consisting of H2SO4 HNO3, and H2O. The exact freezing conditions and final composition of the solid aerosols remain the subject of investigations. We present laboratory observations of isolated individual sulfuric acid/water particles under stratospheric temperatures and water vapor pressures. Our experiments demonstrate that this binary system would not freeze unless temperatures were below the water-ice frost point. Upon freezing, we observe H2SO4 . 8H(2)O, not the generally invoked H2SO4 . 4H(2)O. We suggest that the water-rich octahydrate phase is likely to be one of the high relative humidity forms which is efficient in chlorine activation. RP Imre, DG (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, DEPT APPL SCI, ENVIRONM CHEM DIV, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 1997 VL 24 IS 1 BP 69 EP 72 DI 10.1029/96GL03291 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA WB786 UT WOS:A1997WB78600018 ER PT J AU Thapa, BB Hughett, P Karasaki, K AF Thapa, BB Hughett, P Karasaki, K TI Semi-automatic analysis of rock fracture orientations from borehole wall images SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article AB We develop a semiautomatic method of identifying rock fractures and analyzing their orientations from digital images of borehole walls. This method is based on an algorithm related to the Hough transform which is modified to find sinusoidal rather than linear patterns. The algorithm uses the high-intensity contrast between the fracture aperture and the rock wall, as well as the sinusoidal trajectory defined by the intersection of the borehole and the fracture. The analysis rate of the algorithm itself is independent of fracture contrast and network complexity. The method has successfully identified fractures both in test cases containing several fractures in a noisy background and in real borehole images. The analysis rate was 0.3-1.2 minutes/m of input data, compared to an average of 12 minutes/m using an existing interactive method. An automatic version under development should open new possibilities for site characterization, such as real-time exploration and analysis of tunnel stability and support requirements as construction proceeds. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 3 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 62 IS 1 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1190/1.1444112 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA WF188 UT WOS:A1997WF18800016 ER PT J AU Romero, AE McEvilly, TV Majer, EL AF Romero, AE McEvilly, TV Majer, EL TI 3-D microearthquake attenuation tomography at the Northwest Geysers geothermal region, California SO GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID S-WAVE ATTENUATION; VELOCITY STRUCTURE; P-WAVE; SOURCE PARAMETERS; SATURATED ROCKS; SEISMIC-WAVES; INVERSION; FIELD; PROPAGATION; HYPOCENTERS AB We present the results of the modeling of a 3-D differential attenuation structure (delta Q(-1)) beneath the Northwest Geysers geothermal field, A set of 480 high-quality microearthquakes distributed evenly throughout the field and with a minimum of 10 P-wave arrivals was selected for the study. We constructed spectral ratios by dividing each spectrum with a reference spectrum from each observing station, The reference spectrum was derived from the average spectrum of all events that were recorded at that station to correct for the strong site dependence of the observed spectra. We then estimated the differential attenuation operator from the slopes of the spectral ratios. The velocity models and the raypaths for all events are known from a previous velocity inversion study, The inversion for the differential attenuation structure was carried out using a modified progressive inversion method, The observed delta Q(-1) structure correlates well with mapped geologic units. High delta Q(-1) and lower velocities correlate with Franciscan melange, while lower attenuation and higher velocities correspond to metagraywacke units. High P-wave delta Q(-1) also underlies the southern region between 2 and 3 km depth where low V-p/V-s values suggest undersaturation of the reservoir rocks. Most of the steam entries also occur within this region and probably delineate the steam reservoir. These anomalies may be explained by high rock temperatures and the presence of steam and other gases. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV EARTH SCI,CTR SEISMOL COMPUTAT,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS PI TULSA PA 8801 S YALE ST, TULSA, OK 74137 SN 0016-8033 J9 GEOPHYSICS JI Geophysics PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 62 IS 1 BP 149 EP 167 DI 10.1190/1.1444114 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA WF188 UT WOS:A1997WF18800018 ER PT B AU Rautman, CA AF Rautman, CA BE Baafi, EY Schofield, NA TI Geostatistics and cost-effective environmental remediation SO GEOSTATISTICS WOLLONGONG '96, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE QUANTITATIVE GEOLOGY AND GEOSTATISTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Wollongong 96 International Geostatistical Congress CY 1996 CL WOLLONGONG, AUSTRALIA SP FSS Int Consultants, Austr Tourist Commiss, Univ Wollongong, SNOWDEN Min Ubd Consultants, Inst Engineers, Austr, Costellos Austr, Australasian Inst Min & Met, GEOMATIC, COGEMA, CSIRO, Div Math & Stat, Austr, YILGARN Star Pty Ltd, GEOVAL, DATAMINE Austr, MAPTEK Pty Ltd `, WMC Resources Ltd, Inst Super Tecnico, Univ Idaho RP Rautman, CA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,MS-1324,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4496-0 J9 QUANT GEO G PY 1997 VL 8 IS 1-2 BP 941 EP 950 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Statistics & Probability SC Geology; Mathematics GA BH83F UT WOS:A1997BH83F00080 ER PT B AU Hammack, RW Edenborn, HM De Vegt, AL AF Hammack, RW Edenborn, HM De Vegt, AL BE Wise, DL TI Bacterial sulfate reduction treatment of mining-related wastewaters: pilot plant results SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Biotechnology on Global Environmental Biotechnology Approaching the Year 2000 CY JUL 15-20, 1996 CL NORTHEASTERN UNIV, BOSTON, MA SP Int Soc Environm Biotechnol, NE Univ, Centennial Celebrat, Coll Engn, US DOE, Off Hlth & Environm Res, Off Energy Res, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Sea Grant Program, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, US Dept Def, USA Res Off, Chem & Biol Div, USA Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr HO NORTHEASTERN UNIV C1 US DOE, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Hammack, RW (reprint author), US DOE, POB 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 75 EP 81 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK47P UT WOS:000072298000008 ER PT B AU Selvaraj, PT Little, MH Kaufman, EN AF Selvaraj, PT Little, MH Kaufman, EN BE Wise, DL TI Analysis of immobilised cell bioreactors for desulfurisation of flue gases and sulfite/sulfate laden wastewater SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Biotechnology on Global Environmental Biotechnology Approaching the Year 2000 CY JUL 15-20, 1996 CL NORTHEASTERN UNIV, BOSTON, MA SP Int Soc Environm Biotechnol, NE Univ, Centennial Celebrat, Coll Engn, US DOE, Off Hlth & Environm Res, Off Energy Res, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Sea Grant Program, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, US Dept Def, USA Res Off, Chem & Biol Div, USA Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr HO NORTHEASTERN UNIV C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioproc Res & Dev Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Selvaraj, PT (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Bioproc Res & Dev Ctr, Bldg 4505,MS 6226, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 253 EP 266 PG 14 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK47P UT WOS:000072298000023 ER PT B AU Boopathy, R Manning, J Kulpa, CF AF Boopathy, R Manning, J Kulpa, CF BE Wise, DL TI Anaerobic bioremediation of explosives-contaminated soil: a laboratory study SO GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium of the International-Society-for-Environmental-Biotechnology on Global Environmental Biotechnology Approaching the Year 2000 CY JUL 15-20, 1996 CL NORTHEASTERN UNIV, BOSTON, MA SP Int Soc Environm Biotechnol, NE Univ, Centennial Celebrat, Coll Engn, US DOE, Off Hlth & Environm Res, Off Energy Res, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Sea Grant Program, US Dept Commerce, NOAA, US Dept Def, USA Res Off, Chem & Biol Div, USA Edgewood Res Dev & Engn Ctr HO NORTHEASTERN UNIV C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Boopathy, R (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Bldg 203, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 0-7923-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 463 EP 474 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BK47P UT WOS:000072298000040 ER PT B AU OHara, J Stubler, WF Kramer, J AF OHara, J Stubler, WF Kramer, J BE Gertman, DI Schurman, DL Blackman, HS TI Human factors considerations in control room modernization: Trends and personnel performance issues SO GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN FACTORS IN POWER GENERATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 6th Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants - Global Perspectives of Human Factors in Power Generation CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE DE human factors; man-machine system; human-system interface AB Advanced human-system interface (HSI) technology is being integrated into existing nuclear plants as part of plant modifications and upgrades. The result of this trend is that hybrid HSIs are created, i.e., HSIs containing a mixture of conventional (analog) and advanced (digital) technology. The purpose of the present research is to define the potential effects of hybrid HSIs on personnel performance and plant safety and to develop human factors guidance for safety reviews of them where necessary. In support of this objective, human factors issues associated with hybrid HSIs were identified. The issues were evaluated for their potential significance to plant safety, i.e., their human performance concerns have the potential to compromise plant safety. The issues were then prioritized and a subset was selected for design review guidance development. RP OHara, J (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT ADV TECHNOL,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3770-0 PY 1997 BP 47 EP 410 PG 364 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ81C UT WOS:A1997BJ81C00016 ER PT B AU Nelson, WR AF Nelson, WR BE Gertman, DI Schurman, DL Blackman, HS TI Integrated design environment for human performance and human reliability analysis SO GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN FACTORS IN POWER GENERATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 6th Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants - Global Perspectives of Human Factors in Power Generation CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE DE human factors; human error; human reliability analysis; human performance; system design; nuclear power; aviation AB Work over the last few years at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) has included a major focus on applying human performance and human reliability knowledge and methods as an integral element of system design and development. This work has been pursued in programs in a wide variety of technical domains, beginning with nuclear power plant operations. Since the mid-1980's we have transferred the methods and tools developed in the nuclear domain to military weapons systems and aircraft, offshore oil and shipping operations, and commercial aviation operations and aircraft design. Through these diverse applications we have developed an integrated approach and framework for application of human performance analysis, human reliability analysis (HRA), operational data analysis, and simulation studies of human performance to the design and development of complex systems. This approach was recently tested in the NASA Advanced Concepts Program ''Structured Human Error Analysis for Aircraft Design.'' This program resulted in the prototype software tool THEA (Tool for Human Error Analysis) for incorporating human error analysis in the design of commercial aircraft, focusing on airplane maintenance tasks. We are currently working to apply our framework to the development of advanced Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems as part of NASA's Advanced Air Transportation Technologies (AATT) program. This paper summarizes our approach, describes recent and current applications in commercial aviation, and provides perspectives on how the approach could be utilized in the nuclear power industry. RP Nelson, WR (reprint author), LOCKHEED MARTIN IDAHO TECHNOL CO,IDAHO NATL ENGN & ENVIRONM LAB,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3770-0 PY 1997 BP 87 EP 811 PG 725 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ81C UT WOS:A1997BJ81C00032 ER PT B AU Higgins, JC Pope, N AF Higgins, JC Pope, N BE Gertman, DI Schurman, DL Blackman, HS TI Human factors aspects of the major upgrade to the control systems at the LANL Plutonium Facility SO GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN FACTORS IN POWER GENERATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 6th Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants - Global Perspectives of Human Factors in Power Generation CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE DE computer displays; computer interfaces; control system human factors; central systems; human factors AB The Plutonium Facility (TA-55) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has been in operation for almost 20 years. The Operations Center of TA-55 is the nerve center of the facility where operators are on duty around the clock and monitor several thousand data points using the Facility Control System (FCS). The FCS monitors, displays, alarms, and provides some limited control of several systems, including: HVAC, fire detection and suppression, radiation detection, and electrical. The FCS was failing and needed to be replaced expeditiously. This paper will discuss the human factors aspects of the design, installation, and testing of the new FCS within the above noted constraints. Particular items to be discussed include the functional requirements definition, operating experience review, screen designs, test program, operator training, and phased activation of the new circuits in an operational facility. RP Higgins, JC (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT ADV TECHNOL,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Higgins, James/D-6822-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3770-0 PY 1997 BP 416 EP 420 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ81C UT WOS:A1997BJ81C00018 ER PT B AU OHara, J Brown, WS Hallbert, B Skraaning, G Wachtel, J Persensky, J AF OHara, J Brown, WS Hallbert, B Skraaning, G Wachtel, J Persensky, J BE Gertman, DI Schurman, DL Blackman, HS TI The use of simulation in the development of human factors guidelines for alarm systems SO GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES OF HUMAN FACTORS IN POWER GENERATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 6th Conference on Human Factors and Power Plants - Global Perspectives of Human Factors in Power Generation CY JUN 08-13, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP IEEE DE human factors; man-machine system; human-system interface; alarm systems AB This paper describes a research program sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission to address the human factors engineering (HFE) aspects of nuclear power plant alarm systems. The overall objective of the program is to develop HFE review guidance for advanced alarm systems. As part of this program, guidance was developed based on a broad review and analysis of technical and research literature. In the course of guidance development, aspects of alarm system design for which the technical basis was insufficient to support guidance development were identified. Experimental research is currently underway to address the highest priority topics: alarm processing and display characteristics. This paper provides an overview of our approach to guidance development and discusses the role of simulation in the development approach. Finally, the current simulator-based experiment is described to illustrate how the alarm system design features are being studied. RP OHara, J (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DEPT ADV TECHNOL,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. RI Hallbert, Bruce/B-5435-2017 OI Hallbert, Bruce/0000-0002-4133-7625 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3770-0 PY 1997 BP A187 EP A1813 PG 1627 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ81C UT WOS:A1997BJ81C00062 ER PT B AU Sholander, P Tarman, T Pierson, L Hutchinson, R AF Sholander, P Tarman, T Pierson, L Hutchinson, R GP IEEE TI The effect of algorithm-agile encryption on ATM quality of service SO GLOBECOM 97 - IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE, CONFERENCE RECORD, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 97) CY NOV 03-08, 1997 CL PHOENIX, AZ SP IEEE AB Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) users often open multiple ATM Virtual Circuits (VCs) to multiple ATM users on multiple ATM networks. Each network and user may implement a different encryption policy. Hence ATM users may need shared, flexible hardware-based encryption that supports multiple encryption algorithms for multiple concurrent ATM users:and VCs. An algorithm-agile encryption architecture, that uses multiple, parallel encryption-pipelines, is proposed. That algorithm-agile encryptor's effect on the ATM Quality of Service (QoS) metrics, such as Cell Transfer Delay (CTD) and Cell Delay Variation (CDV), is analyzed. Bounds on the maximum CDV and the CDV's probability density are derived. RP Sholander, P (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4199-6 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 1997 BP 470 EP 474 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJ90L UT WOS:A1997BJ90L00091 ER PT S AU Krumke, SO Noltemeier, H Marathe, MV Ravi, SS Drangmeister, KU AF Krumke, SO Noltemeier, H Marathe, MV Ravi, SS Drangmeister, KU BE dAmore, F Franciosa, PG MarchettiSpaccamela, A TI Modifying networks to obtain low cost trees SO GRAPH-THEORETIC CONCEPTS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science (WG 96) CY JUN 12-14, 1996 CL CADENABBIA, ITALY SP Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipt Informat & Sistemist, CNR, European Union, TMR Programme DE location theory; approximation algorithms; parametric search; computational complexity; NP-hardness ID APPROXIMATION AB We consider the problem of reducing the edge lengths of a given network so that the modified network has a spanning tree of small total length. It is assumed that each edge e of the given network has an associated function c(e) that specifies the cost of shortening the edge by a given amount and that there is a budget B on the total reduction cost. The goal is to develop a reduction strategy satisfying the budget constraint so that the total length of a minimum spanning tree in the modified network is the smallest possible over all reduction strategies that obey the budget constraint. We show that in general the problem of computing an optimal reduction strategy for modifying the network as above is NP-hard and present the first polynomial time approximation algorithms for the problem, where the cost functions c, are allowed to be taken from a broad class of functions. We also present improved approximation algorithms for the class of treewidth-bounded graphs when the cost functions are linear. Our results can be extended to obtain approximation algorithms for more general network design problems such as those considered in [9, 10]. C1 Univ Wurzburg, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Krumke, SO (reprint author), Univ Wurzburg, Hubland, D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-62559-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1997 VL 1197 BP 293 EP 307 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK21C UT WOS:000071538300024 ER PT B AU Underwood, JH Gullikson, EM Koike, M Mrowka, S AF Underwood, JH Gullikson, EM Koike, M Mrowka, S BE McKinney, WR Palmer, CA TI Experimental comparison of mechanically ruled and holographically recorded plane varied line spacing gratings SO GRATINGS AND GRATING MONOCHROMATORS FOR SYNCHROTRON RADIATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gratings and Grating Monochromators for Synchrotron Radiation CY JUL 31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE gratings; varied line spacing; monochromators; synchrotron radiation; soft x-rays; ultraviolet AB Efficiency, scattering, and spectral resolution measurements were made on two equivalent varied-line-spacing plane (VLS) gratings with a central groove density of 1200 l/mm, one a blazed grating made by mechanical ruling and the other holographically recorded and ion etched to a laminar groove profile. The line spacing variation of the holographic grating was obtained by interfering a plane wave and a spherical wave. Both gratings were designed to be used in the monochromator of the Calibration and Standards beamline built and operated by the Center for X-ray Optics at the Advanced Light Source, and all measurements were made using this beamline. It was found that the holographic grating was less efficient in the 600-850 eV region but more efficient below 600 eV and above 850 eV. Substitution of the holographic grating into the beamline extended the energy range from 1000 eV to 1300 eV. The holographic grating exhibited considerably less scattering, but its spectral resolution was lower at an energy of 400 eV. It is likely that this resolution can be improved by adopting a holographic recording system which employs interference of a plane and an aspheric wave. RP Underwood, JH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR XRAY OPT,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2572-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3150 BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1117/12.292734 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ98A UT WOS:A1997BJ98A00005 ER PT B AU McKinney, WR Palmer, C AF McKinney, WR Palmer, C BE McKinney, WR Palmer, CA TI Derivation of aberration coefficients for single-element plane-symmetric reflecting systems using Mathematica(TM) SO GRATINGS AND GRATING MONOCHROMATORS FOR SYNCHROTRON RADIATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gratings and Grating Monochromators for Synchrotron Radiation CY JUL 31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE gratings; aberrations; Mathematica(TM) AB The definition of the generalized optical path function for a grating or mirror with a single plane of symmetry is reviewed. The generalized optical path function is then expanded in a series of wavefront aberration terms using only a few lines of code in the Mathematica(TM) scientific programming environment. The use of the algebraic capabilities of the Mathematica(TM) environment allows straightforward calculation of aberration coefficients that would normally require considerable effort if undertaken by paper and pencil. In addition, the derivation can be carried out to higher order aberration terms, limited only by the capabilities of the computer platform used. RP McKinney, WR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV ACCELERATOR & FUS RES,MS 2-400,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2572-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3150 BP 97 EP 104 DI 10.1117/12.292730 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ98A UT WOS:A1997BJ98A00011 ER PT B AU McKinney, WR Howells, M Padmore, H AF McKinney, WR Howells, M Padmore, H BE McKinney, WR Palmer, CA TI Aberration analysis calculations for synchrotron radiation beamline design SO GRATINGS AND GRATING MONOCHROMATORS FOR SYNCHROTRON RADIATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gratings and Grating Monochromators for Synchrotron Radiation CY JUL 31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE beamline design; aberrations; ray tracing AB The application of ray deviation calculations based on aberration coefficients for a single optical surface for the design of beamline optical systems is reviewed. A systematic development is presented which allows insight into which aberration may be causing the rays to deviate from perfect focus. A new development allowing analytical calculation of lineshape is presented. RP McKinney, WR (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV ACCELERATOR & FUS RES,MS 2-400,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI McKinney, Wayne/F-2027-2014 OI McKinney, Wayne/0000-0003-2586-3139 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2572-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3150 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1117/12.292731 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ98A UT WOS:A1997BJ98A00012 ER PT B AU Qian, SN Sostero, G Daniele, C AF Qian, SN Sostero, G Daniele, C BE McKinney, WR Palmer, CA TI Necessity of precise in-house adjustment for synchrotron radiation monochromator SO GRATINGS AND GRATING MONOCHROMATORS FOR SYNCHROTRON RADIATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gratings and Grating Monochromators for Synchrotron Radiation CY JUL 31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE monochromator; alignment; optical laboratory; in-house; parallelism; metrology; high resolution AB A Variable included Angle Spherical Grating Monochromator was installed on beam line at ELETTRA in Italy. This unique monochromator is capable of high resolving power. For certain combinations of energy range and grating, resolving powers in excess of 20,000 are theoretically possible. To achieve these high resolving powers, precise mechanical alignment of all internal components is a necessity. Parallelism of rotation axes and optical surfaces must be better than 10 are seconds, and position errors in locating components are required to be in the range of 10 microns. During the final alignment of this monochromator on the beam line, it was found to have errors 50 times larger than the specifications. Realignment of the internal components was necessary to improve the instrument performance. A penta-prism method was suggested and an autocollimator test method was used to correct parallelism between components in the monochromator while on the beam line. However, it is recommended to prealign and check the monochromator accurately in the optical metrology laboratory prior to the final beam line alignment. This two-stage procedure will ultimately save time and allow the beam line to achieve the highest possible performance in the shortest amount of time. RP Qian, SN (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB,DIV INSTRUMENTAT 535B,UPTON,NY 11973, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2572-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3150 BP 114 EP 120 DI 10.1117/12.292729 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ98A UT WOS:A1997BJ98A00013 ER PT B AU Xu, ZD Randall, KJ AF Xu, ZD Randall, KJ BE McKinney, WR Palmer, CA TI Virtual sine arm kinematic mount system SO GRATINGS AND GRATING MONOCHROMATORS FOR SYNCHROTRON RADIATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gratings and Grating Monochromators for Synchrotron Radiation CY JUL 31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE kinematic mount; sine arm; x-ray mirror; synchrotron radiation AB A novel kinematic mount system for a vertical focusing mirror of the soft x-ray spectroscopy beamline at the Advanced Photon Source is described. The system contains three points in a horizontal plane. Each point consists of two horizontal linear precision stages, a spherical ball bearing, and a vertical precision stage. The horizontal linear stages are aligned orthogonally and are conjoined by a spherical ball bearing, supported by the vertical Linear stage at each point. The position of each confined horizontal stage is controlled by a motorized micrometer head by spring-loading the fiat tip of the micrometer head onto a tooling ball fixing on the carriage of the stage. A virtual sine arm is formed by tilting the upstream horizontal stage down and the two downstream horizontal stages up by a small angle. The fine pitch motion is achieved by adjusting the upstream stage. This supporting structure is extremely steady due to a relatively large span across the supporting points and yields extremely high resolution on the pitch motion. With a one degree tilt and a microstepping motor, we achieved a 0.4 nanoradian resolution on the mirror pitch motion. RP Xu, ZD (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2572-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3150 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1117/12.283978 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ98A UT WOS:A1997BJ98A00020 ER PT B AU Randall, KJ Xu, ZD Moore, JF Gluskin, E AF Randall, KJ Xu, ZD Moore, JF Gluskin, E BE McKinney, WR Palmer, CA TI Soft x-ray spectroscopy undulator beamline at the Advanced Photon Source SO GRATINGS AND GRATING MONOCHROMATORS FOR SYNCHROTRON RADIATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gratings and Grating Monochromators for Synchrotron Radiation CY JUL 31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB Construction of the high-resolution soft x-ray spectroscopy undulator beamline, 2ID-C, at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) has been completed. The beamline, one of two soft x-ray beamlines at the APS, will cover the photon energy range from 500 to 3000 eV, with a maximum resolving power between 7,000 and 14,000. The optical design is based on a spherical grating monochromator (SGM) giving both high resolution and high flux throughput. Photon flux is calculated to be approximately 10(12)-10(13) photons per second with a beam size of approximately 1 x 1 mm(2) at the sample. RP Randall, KJ (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2572-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3150 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1117/12.292732 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ98A UT WOS:A1997BJ98A00021 ER PT B AU McNulty, I Feng, YP Frigo, SP Mooney, TM AF McNulty, I Feng, YP Frigo, SP Mooney, TM BE McKinney, WR Palmer, CA TI Multilayer spherical grating monochromator for 1-4 keV x-rays SO GRATINGS AND GRATING MONOCHROMATORS FOR SYNCHROTRON RADIATION SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Gratings and Grating Monochromators for Synchrotron Radiation CY JUL 31, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE spherical grating monochromator; grazing incidence optics; soft x-rays; multilayer AB In this paper we discuss the design and anticipated optical performance of a multilayer spherical grating monochromator for xrays with energies of 1-4 keV. The monochromator is to be used for x-ray microscopy and coherence experiments on the 2-ID-B soft x-ray beamline at the Advanced Photon Source. The layout, design considerations, and resolving power with various single and multilayer grating coatings are discussed. RP McNulty, I (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ADV PHOTON SOURCE,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2572-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3150 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.1117/12.292733 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ98A UT WOS:A1997BJ98A00022 ER PT B AU Barbee, TW Wall, M AF Barbee, TW Wall, M BE Hoover, RB Walker, ABC TI Interface reaction characterization and interfacial effects in multilayers SO GRAZING INCIDENCE AND MULTILAYER X-RAY OPTICAL SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Grazing Incidence and Multilayer X-ray Optical Systems CY JUL 27-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE multilayers; x-ray optics; interfaces; stability; chemical reactions; transmission electron microscopy AB The performance of multilayer structures as x-ray, soft x-ray and extreme ultraviolet optics is dependent on the nature of the interfaces between constituent layers. interfacial structure and the interaction between atoms at interfaces has also been demonstrated to have significant impact on the physical properties of multilayer materials in general and thus on their performance in other applied areas. A short summary of the approaches to characterization of interfaces in multilayer structures is presented as background. Two new techniques for the experimental evaluation of interfacial structure and interfacial structure effects are then considered and examples presented. The paper is concluded with review of these results and an assessment of their implications relative to multilayer development. RP Barbee, TW (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2535-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3113 BP 204 EP 213 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BJ31L UT WOS:A1997BJ31L00017 ER PT B AU Underwood, JH Gullikson, EM Koike, M Batson, PJ AF Underwood, JH Gullikson, EM Koike, M Batson, PJ BE Hoover, RB Walker, ABC TI Beamline for metrology of x-ray/EUV optics at the advanced light source SO GRAZING INCIDENCE AND MULTILAYER X-RAY OPTICAL SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Grazing Incidence and Multilayer X-ray Optical Systems CY JUL 27-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE x-rays; extreme ultraviolet; calibration; standards; reflectometry; monochromators AB We describe a bending magnet beamline for the characterization of optical elements (mirrors, gratings, multilayers, detectors, etc.) in the energy range 50-1000 eV. Although it was designed primarily for precision reflectometry of multilayer reflecting optics for EUV projection lithography, it has capabilities for a wide range of measurements. The optics consist of a monachromator, a reflectometer, a 3-mirror order suppressor, and focusing mirrors to provide a small spot on the sample. The monochromator is a very compact entrance slitless, varied line spacing plane grating design in which the mechanically ruled grating operates in the converging light from a spherical mirror working at high demagnification. Aberrations of the mirror are corrected by the line spacing variation, so that the spectral resolving power lambda/Delta lambda is limited by the ALS source size to about 7000. Wavelength is scanned by simple rotation of the grating with a fixed exit slit The reflectometer has the capability of positioning the sample to 10 mu m and setting its angular position to 0.002 degrees. LABVIEW(TM) based software provides a convenient interface to the user. The reflectometer is separated from the beamline by a differential pump, and can be pumped down in 1/2 hour. Auxiliary experimental stations can be mounted behind the reflectometer. Results are shown which demonstrate the performance and operational convenience of the beamline. RP Underwood, JH (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR XRAY OPT,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2535-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3113 BP 214 EP 221 DI 10.1117/12.278850 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BJ31L UT WOS:A1997BJ31L00018 ER PT B AU Gullikson, EM Stearns, DG Gaines, TP Underwood, JH AF Gullikson, EM Stearns, DG Gaines, TP Underwood, JH BE Hoover, RB Walker, ABC TI Non-specular scattering from multilayer mirrors at normal incidence SO GRAZING INCIDENCE AND MULTILAYER X-RAY OPTICAL SYSTEMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Grazing Incidence and Multilayer X-ray Optical Systems CY JUL 27-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE non-specular scattering; multilayers; EUV lithography; roughness AB The first measurements are reported of non-specular scattering of EUV radiation normally incident on a multilayer mirror. The scattering from a Mo/Si multilayer mirror has been measured as a function of angle and wavelength. A peak in the angular distribution of scattered light is observed which is due to the correlation of the roughness of different interfaces. The scattering from correlated roughness can be described by a simple kinematic theory of scattering. In the region of the Bragg reflectivity peak dynamical effects lead to a reduction in the scattering from the simple kinematic theory. The total integrated scatter (TIS) has been measured and is found to peak on the short wavelength side of the Bragg peak. The TIS is less than 1% of the incident intensity. RP Gullikson, EM (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR XRAY OPT,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2535-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3113 BP 412 EP 419 DI 10.1117/12.278882 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BJ31L UT WOS:A1997BJ31L00039 ER PT J AU Aimo, NJ Oostrom, M AF Aimo, NJ Oostrom, M TI PMFCT-2D: A transport simulator for various grid Peclet numbers SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article ID FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; GROUNDWATER; ALGORITHMS AB Solute transport simulation using numerical models is an important and widespread tool for evaluation of clean-up strategies as well as for prediction of future transport. Classical simulation algorithms for advective-dispersive transport usually introduce large numerical errors where concentrations are lowest. In general, numerical errors tend to spread (disperse) the solute more than physical processes alone. For simulations where the Peclet number (Re) is greater than about 2, numerical dispersion can be very significant and could lead to erroneous conclusions. Recent numerical techniques for simulating advective transport minimize numerical errors and provide much better solutions. One such technique, Flux-Corrected Transport (FCT), can preserve sharp concentration fronts by virtually eliminating numerical dispersion. In general, it has been observed that as more detailed knowledge of subsurface flow fields is obtained, smaller dispersivity values are needed to match observed and simulated data. However, for many numerical codes the use of small dispersivities is not practical, because it requires fine grids to keep the grid Peclet number limited. A general purpose transport code, PMFCT-2D, has been developed, including a fast and efficient FCT algorithm, to simulate advective-dispersive transport in variably saturated, heterogeneous porous media, with nonuniform aquifer thickness in the third dimension. PMFCT-2D can be used to accurately simulate high Peclet number transport, including purely advective transport (Pe = infinity), resulting from transient or steady-state flow conditions. The code is easily coupled to any flow simulator via generated velocity, saturation, and cell thickness fields. RP PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM TECHNOL DIV, K9-36,POB 999, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0017-467X EI 1745-6584 J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 30 EP 38 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00057.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA WA679 UT WOS:A1997WA67900010 ER PT J AU Hubbell, JM Bishop, CW Johnson, GS Lucas, JG AF Hubbell, JM Bishop, CW Johnson, GS Lucas, JG TI Numerical ground-water flow modeling of the Snake River Plain aquifer using the superposition technique SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Predictive ground-water flow modeling may be simplified by application of superposition when the governing equations are linear. The simplification allows evaluation of impacts of individual aquifer stresses and minimized model input, output, and interpretation, Modeling is performed by using (1) boundary conditions and aquifer properties provided by previous calibrations or analytical techniques, (2) setting the initial potentiometric surface and prescribed-head boundaries to an arbitrary horizontal datum, and (3) simulating a specific recharge or discharge stress. Superposition was applied to an existing, calibrated model of the Snake River Plain aquifer to simplify prediction of changes in interaction with the Snake River, Simulations predict the temporal relationships between ground-water use at multiple locations within the Snake River Plain and surface-water depletion in four hydraulically connected reaches of the Snake River. Simulated aquifer water use at a location approximately five miles from a hydraulically connected river reach results in river depletions greater than 80% of the pumping rate after 10 years. Water use further than 50 miles from hydraulically connected river reaches results in depletions from 10 to 30% of the annual average pumping rate after 100 years, Results present spatial and temporal impacts of water uses on the Plain that are conceptually and quantitatively beneficial to water resources planners and water users. C1 UNIV IDAHO,DEPT GEOL & GEOL ENGN,MOSCOW,ID 83843. RP Hubbell, JM (reprint author), LOCKHEED IDAHO TECHNOL,2151 N BLVD,POB 1625,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 59 EP 66 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00061.x PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA WA679 UT WOS:A1997WA67900014 ER PT J AU Dunnivant, FM Porro, I Bishop, C Hubbell, J Giles, JR Newman, ME AF Dunnivant, FM Porro, I Bishop, C Hubbell, J Giles, JR Newman, ME TI Verifying the integrity of annular and back-filled seals for vadose-zone monitoring wells SO GROUND WATER LA English DT Article AB Monitoring the movement of contaminants throughout tbe vadose zone requires the use of wells and the credibility of a monitoring program depends on obtaining an adequate seal between the well casing and borehole wall, The credibility of monitoring well installation was evaluated during the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory's Large Scale Pumping and Infiltration Test. Wells were drilled in and around a 6.5 acre infiltration basin with an air rotary rig using a downhole hammer, cased with PVC or steel, and the annular space back-filled with alternating layers of bentonite and sand. The purpose of completing the wells in this manner was to isolate fractured intervals (subvertical and subhorizontal interflow zones) in order to observe water movement during the infiltration test, Bentonite was used between sand intervals to prevent the borehole (or annular space) from serving as a conduit for vertical water flow or tracer migration. Neutron probes were used to confirm the presence and locations of each completion interval (sand or bentonite) by distinguishing differences in background-water content of the back-filling materials. Upon flooding of the infiltration basin with water containing radioactive tracers, water flow and tracer transport were monitored using neutron probes and an in situ, downhole gamma spectroscopy system, respectively. Results confirm that each well was installed correctly; water and tracers flowed through natural fractures in the subsurface and arrived at the monitoring sites located at sand completion zones. Significant water or tracer flow through the annular space between the well casing and borehole was not observed. C1 IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,INTEGRATED EARTH SCI GRP,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU GROUND WATER PUBLISHING CO PI WESTERVILLE PA 601 DEMPSEY RD, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081 SN 0017-467X J9 GROUND WATER JI Ground Water PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 35 IS 1 BP 140 EP 148 DI 10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00069.x PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA WA679 UT WOS:A1997WA67900022 ER PT B AU Tompson, AFB Rosenberg, ND Bosl, WJ Falgout, RD Smith, SG Shumaker, DA Ashby, SF AF Tompson, AFB Rosenberg, ND Bosl, WJ Falgout, RD Smith, SG Shumaker, DA Ashby, SF BE Findikakis, AN Stauffer, F TI On the use of high-performance simulation in the management of groundwater resources in large aquifer systems SO GROUNDWATER: AN ENDANGERED RESOURCE SE WATER FOR A CHANGING GLOBAL COMMUNITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Congress of the International-Association-for-Hydraulic-Research CY AUG 10-15, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Int Assoc Hydraul Res AB This paper reviews the need for and initial development of an advanced, highperformance computer model of groundwater flow and chemical migration in a large and heavily used groundwater basin in Orange County in Southern California. The objectives of such a model are to provide an improved scientific basis to more fully understand the migration rates, travel times, and overall quality of groundwater throughout the basin, especially as it relates to both historical and future groundwater recharge practices. The use of such a model is dictated by the fine spatial resolution required to examine 3D transport issues over large portions of the simulation domain. it is expected that the ongoing application will demonstrate the viability of applying concepts of large-scale simulation to such a practical and significant problem. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Tompson, AFB (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Geosci & Environm Technol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0273-6 J9 WATER CHANG GLOB COM PY 1997 BP 337 EP 342 PG 6 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA BM48D UT WOS:000078867000055 ER PT B AU Turin, HJ Gaume, AN Bitner, MJ Hansen, HS Titus, FB AF Turin, HJ Gaume, AN Bitner, MJ Hansen, HS Titus, FB BE Chilton, J TI Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA: A sunbelt city rapidly outgrowing its aquifer SO GROUNDWATER IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT - VOL I: PROBLEMS, PROCESSES AND MANAGEMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXVII International-Association-of-Hydrogeologists Congress CY SEP 22-26, 1997 CL E MIDLANDS CONF CTR, NOTTINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Int Assoc Hydrogeologists, British Geol Survey, Hydrogeol Grp, Golder Associates, Geol Soc London, Hydrogeol Grp, Overseas Dev Adm, UNESCO, Div Water Sci, WHO UNEP Global Environm Monitoring Syst, Severn Trent Water, Entec Europe Ltd, NIREX UK Ltd, Environm Agcy HO E MIDLANDS CONF CTR AB The Albuquerque metropolitan area is part of the rapidly growing "sunbelt" region of the southwestern United States and is undergoing rapid development, The municipal, industrial, and residential water needs of the entire population are currently met by groundwater, while agricultural needs within the basin are met by surface water diverted from the Rio Grande. While the city is blessed with an extremely productive aquifer, current metropolitan area groundwater extractions far exceed the sustainable yield of the aquifer. Continued drawdown will lead to greater pumping costs, ground subsidence, and eventual aquifer depletion. At the same time, industrial and non-point-source contamination and naturally occurring arsenic levels are raising concerns about groundwater quality. The City, in cooperation with local, state, and federal agencies, has explored a variety of conjunctive use proposals, all designed to permit the City to use its surface water more directly. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Turin, HJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS BN 90-5410-923-8 PY 1997 BP 677 EP 680 PG 4 WC Engineering, Geological; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BK72N UT WOS:000073221600118 ER PT B AU Louck, JD AF Louck, JD BE Doebner, HD Nattermann, P Scherer, W TI Unitary symmetry, combinatorics, and special functions SO GROUP 21 - PHYSICAL APPLICATIONS AND MATHEMATICAL ASPECTS OF GEOMETRY, GROUPS, AND ALGEBRA, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXI International Colloquium on Group Theoretical Methods in Physics - Group 21 CY JUL 15-20, 1996 CL GOSLAR, GERMANY SP Tech Univ Clausthal, Arnold Sommerfeld Inst, Niedersachsisches Minist Wissensch & Kultur, Deut Forschungsgemeinsch, Alexander Humboldt Stift, Deut Akad Austauschdienst AB From 1967 to 1994, Larry Biedenham and I collaborated on 35 papers on various aspects of the general unitary group, especially its unitary irreducible representations and Wigner-Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. In our studies to unveil comprehensible structures in this subject, we discovered several nice results in special functions and combinatorics. The more important of these will be presented and their present status reviewed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Louck, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3135-0 PY 1997 BP 50 EP 70 PG 21 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BK31N UT WOS:000071758800006 ER PT B AU Schweigert, C Fuchs, J Ray, U Schellekens, B AF Schweigert, C Fuchs, J Ray, U Schellekens, B BE Doebner, HD Nattermann, P Scherer, W TI Twining characters and orbit Lie algebras SO GROUP 21 - PHYSICAL APPLICATIONS AND MATHEMATICAL ASPECTS OF GEOMETRY, GROUPS, AND ALGEBRA, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT XXI International Colloquium on Group Theoretical Methods in Physics - Group 21 CY JUL 15-20, 1996 CL GOSLAR, GERMANY SP Tech Univ Clausthal, Arnold Sommerfeld Inst, Niedersachsisches Minist Wissensch & Kultur, Deut Forschungsgemeinsch, Alexander Humboldt Stift, Deut Akad Austauschdienst AB We associate to outer automorphisms of generalized Kac-Moody algebras generalized character-valued indices, the twining characters. A character formula for twining characters is derived which shows that they coincide with the ordinary characters of some other generalized Kac-Moody algebra, the so-called orbit Lie algebra. Some applications to problems in conformal field theory, algebraic geometry and the theory of sporadic simple groups are sketched. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Schweigert, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Theoret Phys Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 981-02-3135-0 PY 1997 BP 177 EP 182 PG 6 WC Mathematics, Applied; Mathematics; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA BK31N UT WOS:000071758800025 ER PT B AU Ahrens, EH AF Ahrens, EH BE Vipulanandan, C TI A new and superior ultrafine cementitious grout SO GROUTING: COMPACTION, REMEDIATION AND TESTING SE GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st National Conference of the Geo-Institute on Grouting - Compaction, Remediation and Testing (Geo-Logan 97) CY JUL 16-18, 1997 CL LOGAN, UT SP Grouting Comm, Geo-Inst ASCE, Ctr Innovative Grouting Mat & Technol AB Sealing fractures in nuclear waste repositories concerns all programs investigating deep burial as a means of disposal. Because the most likely mechanism for contaminant migration is by dissolution and movement through groundwater, sealing programs are seeking law-viscosity sealants that are chemically, mineralogically, and physically compatible with the host rock. This paper presents the results of collaborative work directed by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and supported by Whiteshell Laboratories, operated by Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd. The work was undertaken in support of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), an underground nuclear waste repository located in a salt formation east of Carlsbad, NM. This effort addresses the technology associated with long-term isolation of nuclear waste in a natural salt medium. The work presented is part of the WIPP plugging and sealing program, specifically the development and optimization of an ultrafine cementitious grout that can be injected to lower excessive, strain-induced hydraulic conductivity in the fractured rock termed the Disturbed Rock Zone (DRZ) surrounding underground excavations. Innovative equipment and procedures employed in the laboratory produced a usable cement-based grout; 90% of the particles were smaller than 8 microns and the average particle size was 4 microns (Ahrens et al., 1996). The process involved simultaneous wet pulverization and mixing. The grout was used For a successful ia situ test underground at the WIPP. Injection of grout sealed microfractures as small as 6 microns (and in one rare instance, 3 microns) and lowered the gas transmissivity of the DRZ by up to three orders of magnitude. Following the WIPP test, additional work produced an improved version of the grout containing particles 90% smaller than 5 microns and averaging 2 microns. This grout will be produced in dry form, ready for the mixer. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Tech Staff, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Ahrens, EH (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Tech Staff, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0255-8 J9 GEOTECH SP PY 1997 IS 66 BP 188 EP 196 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA BM48Q UT WOS:000078886800015 ER PT B AU Steinbach, D Goode, A Farzanpay, F Majewski, S Weisenberger, D Williams, MB Wojcik, R AF Steinbach, D Goode, A Farzanpay, F Majewski, S Weisenberger, D Williams, MB Wojcik, R BE Hoover, RB Doty, FP TI Development of a small field of view scintimammography camera: measurements and simulations. SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS, OPTICS, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics, Optics, and Applications CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE gamma-ray; imaging; mammography; scintimammography; small field of view gamma camera; application specific gamma imager; breast cancer detection; YAP; CsI(Na); NaI(Tl); pixelized AB We report on studies of a small field of view scintimammography camera based on a position sensitive PMT and a crystal scintillator array. A 5 inch R3292 Hamamatsu PMT was coupled to a variety of scintillators, including pixelized NaI(TI), CsI(Na) and YAP. Laboratory and phantom studies were performed to compare performances of the above scintillator sensors with special emphasis on spatial resolution and scatter rejection. The results of Monte Carlo simulations for different pixel sizes are also presented. RP Steinbach, D (reprint author), THOMAS JEFFERSON NATL ACCELORATOR FACIL,DETECTOR GRP,NEWPORT NEWS,VA 23606, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2537-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3115 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1117/12.277683 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJ31M UT WOS:A1997BJ31M00002 ER PT B AU Heffelfinger, JR Medlin, DL Yoon, H Hermon, H James, RB AF Heffelfinger, JR Medlin, DL Yoon, H Hermon, H James, RB BE Hoover, RB Doty, FP TI Analysis of Cd1-xZnxTe microstructure SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS, OPTICS, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics, Optics, and Applications CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE CdZnTe; electron microscopy; inclusions; microstructure; gamma-ray detectors AB The microstructure and chemical inhomogeneities of commercially available Cd1-xZnxTe (CZT) have been evaluated using electron microscopy and microanalytical techniques, Since imperfections, such as inclusions, cracks and extended crystallographic defects are known to affect: the performance of GZT gamma-ray spectrometers, understanding the nature and origins of such imperfections is vital to the improvement of device performance. CZT that is grown using a high-pressure Bridgeman method has a polycrystalline microstructure containing numerous grain boundaries, twins and inclusions. In this study, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy were used to analyze inclusions and cracks inside CZT material. Such analysis found regions of material rich in C, O, Si, Zn and Te. Transmission electron microscopy revealed small subgrains and thin platelets of a second phase material located inside the large-grain CZT matrix, Details of these microstructural features and their possible origins are discussed. RP Heffelfinger, JR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 969,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2537-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3115 BP 40 EP 50 DI 10.1117/12.277702 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJ31M UT WOS:A1997BJ31M00005 ER PT B AU Lund, JC Yoon, H Hilton, NR Brunett, BA James, RB AF Lund, JC Yoon, H Hilton, NR Brunett, BA James, RB BE Hoover, RB Doty, FP TI Semiconductor material requirements for orthogonal strip detectors SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS, OPTICS, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics, Optics, and Applications CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE cadmium zinc telluride; orthogonal strip detectors; charge transport; gamma-ray imaging AB We discuss the physical and electrical properties of semiconducting crystals necessary for use in orthogonal strip detectors. We also compute what constraints the properties of existing CdZnTe crystals place on the design of orthogonal strip detectors. First we consider the constraints imposed by uniform material that has limited charge carrier transport properties and resistivity. Next, we consider what effects spatially varying electrical properties (non-uniformities) have on the performance of detectors. Finally, we discuss the properties of CZT crystals available today that we have measured in our laboratory, and what ramifications these measured properties have on the design and construction of orthogonal strip detectors. RP Lund, JC (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2537-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3115 BP 190 EP 198 DI 10.1117/12.277685 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJ31M UT WOS:A1997BJ31M00023 ER PT B AU Amman, M Luke, PN AF Amman, M Luke, PN BE Hoover, RB Doty, FP TI Coplanar-grid detector with single-electrode readout SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS, OPTICS, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics, Optics, and Applications CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE gamma-ray detector; coplanar grid; single-electrode readout; compound semiconductor; CdZnTe AB The coplanar-grid technique provides substantial spectral performance improvement over that of conventional detector designs and electronics when applied to gamma-ray detectors based on compound semiconductors. The technique realizes this improvement by measuring the difference between the induced charge signals from two interdigitated coplanar-grid electrodes. By adjusting the relative gain between the two grid signals prior to subtraction, the difference signal can be made less sensitive to the poor carrier transport properties of the detector material and thus improve the spectral response of the detector. In this paper, we discuss a variation of the coplanar-grid method in which the signal from only one grid electrode is read out. The signal response is optimized by changing the relative areas of the two grid electrodes and the bias applied across the detector. In this scheme, only one preamplifier is needed and signal subtraction is not necessary. This eliminates the electronic noise contribution from the additional preamplifier used in the normal coplanar-grid implementation, and conventional single-amplifier detector electronics can be used. Experimental results using CdZnTe detectors are presented. RP Amman, M (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,ERNEST ORLANDO LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2537-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3115 BP 205 EP 213 DI 10.1117/12.277687 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJ31M UT WOS:A1997BJ31M00025 ER PT B AU Weisenberger, A Bradley, E Majewski, S Saha, M AF Weisenberger, A Bradley, E Majewski, S Saha, M BE Hoover, RB Doty, FP TI A CsI(Na) based radiation detector for high resolution imaging studies using iodine 125 in small animal research SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS, OPTICS, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics, Optics, and Applications CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE x-ray; gamma-ray; imaging; iodine 125; gene imaging and scintillators AB We report on the development of a high resolution radiation imaging system which is capable of detecting and imaging the coincident gamma and X-ray emissions of the radioisotope iodine 125 (I-125), Iodine 125 is commonly available as a label to molecular biology probes. Iodine 125 decays via electron capture emitting a 35 keV gamma-ray with the prompt emission of several 27-32 KeV X-rays. A coincidence condition can be set to detect the I-125 decays thus reducing background radiation contribution to the image. We are testing the use of arrays of CsI(Na) crystal scintillators coupled to position sensitive photomultiplier tubes for;his application. Laboratory studies have thus far been done on mice using a prototype of our detector which is intended to be used to image gene expression in live mice to advance research in neurobiology. RP Weisenberger, A (reprint author), THOMAS JEFFERSON NATL ACCELERATOR FACIL,NEWPORT NEWS,VA, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2537-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3115 BP 254 EP 262 DI 10.1117/12.277692 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJ31M UT WOS:A1997BJ31M00030 ER PT B AU Schieber, M Hermon, H James, RB Lund, J Antolak, A Morse, D Kolesnikov, NN Ivanov, YN Goorsky, MS Yoon, H Toney, J Schlesinger, TE AF Schieber, M Hermon, H James, RB Lund, J Antolak, A Morse, D Kolesnikov, NN Ivanov, YN Goorsky, MS Yoon, H Toney, J Schlesinger, TE BE Hoover, RB Doty, FP TI Evaluation of Russian grown Cd0.8Zn0.2Te SO HARD X-RAY AND GAMMA-RAY DETECTOR PHYSICS, OPTICS, AND APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics, Optics, and Applications CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE CdZnTe; High Pressure Bridgman AB More recent Russian grown single crystals of Cd0.8Zn0.2Te (CZT) were evaluated using proton induced X ray emission (PIXE), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), infra red (IR) transmission microscopy, leakage current measurements and response to nuclear radiation. Whereas in the past the Russian grown samples were not acceptable for gamma ray detectors application, the present samples had a somewhat better crystallinity and a higher resistivity, and did even show distinct photopeaks for an Am-241 spectrum. Differences in the material properties between various Russian (nand p-type) and US (n-type) CZT will be described. RP Schieber, M (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2537-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3115 BP 305 EP 310 DI 10.1117/12.277699 PG 6 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJ31M UT WOS:A1997BJ31M00036 ER PT J AU Goldstein, SJ Rodriguez, JM Lujan, N AF Goldstein, SJ Rodriguez, JM Lujan, N TI Measurement and application of uranium isotopes for human and environmental monitoring SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE uranium; spectrometry, alpha; monitoring, environmental; radioactivity, natural ID EXTRACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ACIDIC MEDIA; PRECONCENTRATION; SEPARATION; ACTINIDES; TH AB An improved method is described utilizing extraction chromatography, anion exchange, and alpha spectroscopy for measurement of uranium isotopes in human and environmental surveillance studies. These methods provide a sensitivity of similar to 0.7 mBq per isotope per sample and are generally accurate within the precision of the measurements. The extraction chromatography methods greatly simplify separation of uranium from iron in silicate matrices and provide increased sample throughput and data quality for water, soil, and air filter samples. For bioassay samples, the coprecipitation/anion exchange/alpha spectrometric methods provide rapid throughput and sufficient sensitivity to meet new analytical performance standards in human monitoring studies. In addition, the U-234:U-238 data can be used as a fingerprint of natural vs. anthropogenic sources of uranium. For 1995 data from our laboratory, a large percentage (79-94% by matrix) of samples appear to be of natural U-234:U-238 isotopic composition. For all matrices, samples with higher uranium concentration generally have more depleted isotopic composition (smaller U-234:U-238). A small percentage of soil (11%), air filter (3%), urine (3%), and water (3%) samples have depleted isotopic signatures at the 95% confidence interval, indicating anthropogenic contributions of uranium to these samples. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, INORGAN TRACE ANAL GRP, CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 28 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 72 IS 1 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1097/00004032-199701000-00002 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA VY758 UT WOS:A1997VY75800004 PM 8972822 ER PT J AU Courtney, JC Klann, RT AF Courtney, JC Klann, RT TI Testing shields in the argonne national laboratory fuel conditioning facility support areas SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topic; shielding; exposure, radiation; nuclear fuel cycle AB Testing has been completed for two lightly shielded areas that support operations in the Fuel Conditioning Facility at the Argonne National Laboratory site at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Operational requirements dictated the use of a radiography source containing 0.44 TBq (12 Ci) of Ir-192 to challenge reinforced concrete and steel shields that surround a decontamination, maintenance, and repair area for contaminated equipment used in hot cell operations. A more intense source containing 0.89 TBq (24 Ci) of Ir-192 was used to test lead shot and steel shields around tanks in a radioactive liquid waste system and the boundaries of the room that contained it. Measurement procedures were developed to find design flaws and construction deficiencies while minimizing radiation exposure to test participants. While the shields are adequate to limit gamma ray deep dose equivalents to 10 mSv y(-1) (1 rem y(-1)) or less to facility personnel, several modifications were necessary to assure that the attenuation is adequate to keep dose rates less than 5 mu Sv h(-1) (0.5 mrem h(-1)) in normally occupied areas. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, CTR NUCL SCI, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, IDAHO FALLS, ID 83403 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 72 IS 1 BP 120 EP 127 DI 10.1097/00004032-199701000-00017 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA VY758 UT WOS:A1997VY75800019 PM 8972837 ER PT J AU Courtney, JC Klann, RT AF Courtney, JC Klann, RT TI Testing hot cell shielding in the fuel conditioning facility SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topic; shielding; waste management; nuclear fuel cycle AB A comprehensive shield test program for a hot cell complex, the Fuel Conditioning Facility at Argonne National Laboratory, has been completed with minimum radiation exposure to participants. The recently modified shielding design for two hot cells and their associated transfer paths for irradiated materials was analyzed and tested for attenuating gamma rays from mixed fission product sources. Testing was accomplished using 0.37 TBq (10 Ci) and 518 TBq (14,000 Ci) Co-60 sources. Of specific concern were radiation levels around wall penetrations and the interface between transport casks and the cell floor. Detailed measurements were made for surfaces that bound the hot cells, a transfer tunnel between the two cells, and storage pits that extend below the floors of both cells. In addition to surface measurements, dose equivalent rates in adjacent corridors were determined when the larger source was exposed. Results indicate that with some administrative controls, the facility shields are adequate to meet the design criterion that limits annual dose to less than 10 mSv (1 rem) for facility workers. C1 LOUISIANA STATE UNIV, CTR NUCL SCI, BATON ROUGE, LA 70803 USA. ARGONNE NATL LAB, IDAHO FALLS, ID 83403 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 72 IS 1 BP 128 EP 135 DI 10.1097/00004032-199701000-00018 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA VY758 UT WOS:A1997VY75800020 PM 8972838 ER PT S AU Muller, C Fujita, RK Unal, C Travis, JR AF Muller, C Fujita, RK Unal, C Travis, JR BE ElGenk, MS TI Combustion modeling in waste tanks SO HEAT TRANSFER - BALTIMORE 1997 SE AICHE SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd National Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 10-12, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers AB This paper compares previous simulations of the release and combustion of flammable gases in Tank 101-SY at the Hanford Site with the recently developed code GASFLOW-II. The GASFLOW-II results are compared with the results obtained with the Hydrogen Mixing Study/Transient Reactor Analysis Code (HMS/TRAC) and show good agreement, especially for noncombustion cases. For combustion, GASFLOW-II predicts a steeper pressure rise than HMS/TRAC. A so-called induction parameter model that was developed and implemented into GASFLOW-ll and reassess previous calculations of Bureau of Mines experiments fur hydrogen-air combustion is also discussed in this paper The pressure time history improves compared with the one-step model, and the time rate of pressure change is much closer to the experimental data. RP Muller, C (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,TECHNOL & SAFETY ASSESSMENT DIV,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0065-8812 BN 0-8169-0739-0 J9 AICHE SYM S PY 1997 IS 214 BP 21 EP 27 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJ88E UT WOS:A1997BJ88E00004 ER PT S AU Unal, C Stroh, K Pasamehmetoglu, KO AF Unal, C Stroh, K Pasamehmetoglu, KO BE ElGenk, MS TI Thermal modeling of core sampling in flammable gas waste tanks .1. Push-mode sampling SO HEAT TRANSFER - BALTIMORE 1997 SE AICHE SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd National Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 10-12, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers AB The radioactive waste stored in underground storage tanks at the Hanford Site is being sampled routinely for waste characterization purposes. The push-acid rotary-mode core sampling are two of the sampling methods employed. The waste includes mixtures of sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite with organic compounds that can produce violent exothermic reactions if heated above 160 degrees C during core sampling. A two-dimensional thermal model based on a lumped finite volume analysis method is developed for push-mode drill bit. The enthalpy of each node is calculated from the first law of thermodynamics. A flash temperature and an effective contact area concept were introduced to account for the interface temperature rise. No maximum temperature rise exceeding the critical value of 60 degrees C was found in the cases studied for normal operating conditions. Several accident conditions also are examined. In these cases, it was found that the maximum drill bit temperature rise remained below the critical value of 60 degrees C as long as a 30 scfm purge flow was provided to the push-mode drill bit during sampling in the rotary mode. The failure to provide purge flow resulted in exceeding the limiting temperatures in a relatively short time. RP Unal, C (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,NUCL SYST DESIGN & ANAL GRP,TSA-10,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0065-8812 BN 0-8169-0739-0 J9 AICHE SYM S PY 1997 IS 214 BP 34 EP 38 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJ88E UT WOS:A1997BJ88E00006 ER PT S AU Unal, C Poston, D Witwer, KS Pasamehmetoglu, KO AF Unal, C Poston, D Witwer, KS Pasamehmetoglu, KO BE ElGenk, MS TI Thermal modeling of core sampling in flammable gas waste tanks .2. Rotary-mode sampling SO HEAT TRANSFER - BALTIMORE 1997 SE AICHE SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd National Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 10-12, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers AB Drilling experiments were performed using a waste simulant and varying the downward force at a maximum rotational speed of 55 rpm and minimum nitrogen purge flow of 30 scfm. The rotary drill bit teeth-face temperatures, the exhaust air-chip temperature, drill string and other key operating parameters were recorded. A two-dimensional thermal model was developed. The safe operating conditions were determined for normal operating conditions. A downward force of 750 at 55 rpm and 30 scfm nitrogen purge flow was found to yield acceptable substrate temperatures. The model predicted experimental results reasonably well. Therefore, it could be used to simulate abnormal conditions to develop procedures for safe operations. RP Unal, C (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,NUCL SYST DESIGN & ANAL GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0065-8812 BN 0-8169-0739-0 J9 AICHE SYM S PY 1997 IS 214 BP 39 EP 43 PG 5 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJ88E UT WOS:A1997BJ88E00007 ER PT S AU Panchal, CB Kuru, WC Chen, FC Domingo, N HuangFu, EP AF Panchal, CB Kuru, WC Chen, FC Domingo, N HuangFu, EP BE ElGenk, MS TI Experimental and analytical study of condensation of ammonia-water mixtures SO HEAT TRANSFER - BALTIMORE 1997 SE AICHE SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd National Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 10-12, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers AB The need for more energy efficient power generation and recent environmental issues of CFCs prompted the development of combined steam and Kalina cycle power systems, and advanced ammonia water absorption heat pumps. However the working media and associated thermal design aspects require new concepts for maintaining high thermal effectiveness and phase equilibrium for achieving maximum possible thermodynamic advantages. In the present study a theoretical analysis was carried for the condensation of ammonia/water mixtures on a vertical tube. A set of equations was formulated and a calculation algorithm was developed to predict the local rate of heat and mass fluxes for binary ammonia-water systems. The predicted rate of condensation was compared with the experimental data obtained at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for a mixture of 90% ammonia and 10% water The role of diffusion in simultaneous heat and mass transfer associated with condensation was analyzed by comparing the results from three limiting cares, which include equilibrium conditions, and liquid-phase diffsion of finite and infinite values. The results shaved that the vapor-phase diffusion is a controlling mechanism. RP Panchal, CB (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0065-8812 BN 0-8169-0739-0 J9 AICHE SYM S PY 1997 IS 214 BP 239 EP 244 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJ88E UT WOS:A1997BJ88E00035 ER PT S AU Migliori, A Darling, TW Freibert, F Trugman, SA Moshopoulou, E Sarrao, JL AF Migliori, A Darling, TW Freibert, F Trugman, SA Moshopoulou, E Sarrao, JL BE ElGenk, MS TI New approaches to thermoelectric cooling effects in magnetic fields SO HEAT TRANSFER - BALTIMORE 1997 SE AICHE SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd National Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 10-12, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers AB We review thermoelectric effects in a magnetic field at a phenomenological level. Discussions of the limiting performance and problems with ifs computation for both Peltier and Ettingshausen coolers are presented. New principles are discussed to guide the materials scientist in the search for better Ettingshausen materials, and a brief review of the subtle measurement problems is presented. RP Migliori, A (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0065-8812 BN 0-8169-0739-0 J9 AICHE SYM S PY 1997 IS 214 BP 250 EP 257 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJ88E UT WOS:A1997BJ88E00037 ER PT S AU Kuru, WC Panchal, CB AF Kuru, WC Panchal, CB BE ElGenk, MS TI High-temperature organic-fluid fouling unit SO HEAT TRANSFER - BALTIMORE 1997 SE AICHE SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd National Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 10-12, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers AB A new type of fouling unit is developed for high-temperature (500 degrees C) and high-pressure (70 atmosphere) fouling experiments by modifying a commercial autoclave. Key modifications are the installation of a helical impeller in a flow tube and a fouling probe in the autoclave to simulate the fluid dynamics and heat transfer of typical heat-exchange equipment. A calibration technique is described and fouling results are presented for experimental runs with indene and kerosene. The results are compared with those obtained using other types of fouling rest units. Other potential applications of the fouling unit such as corrosion and micro-scale reaction experiments, are discussed. RP Kuru, WC (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0065-8812 BN 0-8169-0739-0 J9 AICHE SYM S PY 1997 IS 214 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJ88E UT WOS:A1997BJ88E00051 ER PT S AU Kuru, WC Panchal, CB Liao, CF Palen, J Ebert, WA AF Kuru, WC Panchal, CB Liao, CF Palen, J Ebert, WA BE ElGenk, MS TI Field-fouling units for refinery experiments SO HEAT TRANSFER - BALTIMORE 1997 SE AICHE SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd National Heat Transfer Conference CY AUG 10-12, 1997 CL BALTIMORE, MD SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers AB Two skid mounted field test units were designed and installed at two refineries for fouling data. Each fouling test unit contains test sections with a heat transfer monitor, an onboard computer for acquiring data, controls and instruments, and piping networks for start-up, sampling, and shut-downprocedures. Both units are designed according to ASTM specifications for service in refinery or. chemical plants. One fouling test unit is designed for two-phase flow of hydrogen and the product stream, the second for single-phase flow of crude oil, which has two heat transfer monitors operating independently. Calculation procedures for the heat transfer coefficient and fouling resistance are presented along with heat transfer data for air and water obtained at Argonne National Laboratory and crude oil obtained at the Shell Wood River refinery. Comparisons are made with the theoretical heat transfer coefficients. RP Kuru, WC (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0065-8812 BN 0-8169-0739-0 J9 AICHE SYM S PY 1997 IS 214 BP 339 EP 344 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BJ88E UT WOS:A1997BJ88E00052 ER PT S AU Lin, NG Kellogg, PJ MacDowall, RJ Scime, EE Phillips, JL Balogh, A Forsyth, RJ AF Lin, NG Kellogg, PJ MacDowall, RJ Scime, EE Phillips, JL Balogh, A Forsyth, RJ BE Page, DE Marsden, RG TI Low frequency plasma waves in the solar wind: From ecliptic plane to the solar polar regions SO HELIOSPHERE AT SOLAR MINIMUM AND BEYOND SE ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT DO-2 Symposium of COSPAR Scientific Commission D on the Heliosphere at Solar Minimum and Beyond, at the 31st COSPAR Scientific Assembly CY JUL 14-21, 1996 CL BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND SP Comm Space Res ID INTERPLANETARY SHOCKS; HEAT-FLUX; RADIO AB Traveling from the ecliptic to the solar polar regions, Ulysses observed wave activity below the local electron cyclotron frequency f(ce). In regions near the heliospheric current sheet (hereafter HCS regions), two wave modes are observed: (1) whistler mode electromagnetic waves near interplanetary shocks and during periods of rapidly increasing solar wind velocity, and (2) apparently electrostatic waves occurring during the periods when gradually decreasing solar wind velocity is observed. At high heliographic latitudes, in the region with relatively steady high speed solar wind streams, wave activity is consistently observed near and below f(ce) with little time variability of the spectra. It is found that in the periods when intense waves of the second type are observed in the HCS regions, the electron heat flux decreases. This may imply that these law frequency waves limit the intensity of the heat flux through wave particle scattering. (C) 1997 COSPAR. C1 NASA,GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CTR,GREENBELT,MD 20771. W VIRGINIA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,MORGANTOWN,WV 26506. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV LONDON IMPERIAL COLL SCI TECHNOL & MED,LONDON,ENGLAND. RP Lin, NG (reprint author), UNIV MINNESOTA,SCH PHYS & ASTRON,MINNEAPOLIS,MN 55455, USA. RI MacDowall, Robert/D-2773-2012 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON PRESS LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD LANGFORD LANE KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0273-1177 BN 0-08-043107-0 J9 ADV SPACE RES PY 1997 VL 19 IS 6 BP 877 EP 881 DI 10.1016/S0273-1177(97)00296-2 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BH99D UT WOS:A1997BH99D00011 ER PT S AU Kyriakopulos, J Boehnlein, A Edel, M Lebrun, P Kallenbach, J AF Kyriakopulos, J Boehnlein, A Edel, M Lebrun, P Kallenbach, J BE Taylor, L Vandoni, CE TI Data analysis & visualization at FNBL SO HEPVIS96 WORKSHOP ON VISUALIZATION IN HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Visualization in High-Energy Physics (HEPVIS96) CY SEP 02-04, 1996 CL CERN, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys HO CERN DE HEP statistical analysis; HistoScope; plot widgets; IRIS-Explorer; Open Inventor AB The status of visualization for High Energy Physics (HEP) at Fermilab is presented, placing the emphasis on the event sample analysis rather than detector and single event displays. Although the PAW package usage remains prevalent at Fermilab, the Nirvana tools are gaining acceptance quickly. A brief status report on our experience with Explorer and Open Inventor is also given. RP Kyriakopulos, J (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-099-9 J9 CERN REPORT PY 1997 VL 97 IS 1 BP 139 EP 143 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Computer Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BH54Y UT WOS:A1997BH54Y00022 ER PT S AU Johnson, AS AF Johnson, AS BE Taylor, L Vandoni, CE TI A Java based analysis environment SO HEPVIS96 WORKSHOP ON VISUALIZATION IN HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS SE C E R N REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Visualization in High-Energy Physics (HEPVIS96) CY SEP 02-04, 1996 CL CERN, GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP CERN, Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys HO CERN DE Java; analysis; interactive AB This document describes some preliminary thoughts on the creation of a JAVA based analysis system for future HEP experiments. The aim is to create a true client-server based analysis package, allowing physicists to work in a natural way using a desktop GUI system while still accessing the full power of a large central data server/processing system. The system will be designed to work with relatively low bandwidth between the desktop and the central data server, allowing remote access to a central data processing farm. RP Johnson, AS (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU C E R N PI GENEVA PA MEYRIN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0007-8328 BN 92-9083-099-9 J9 CERN REPORT PY 1997 VL 97 IS 1 BP 145 EP 149 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Computer Science; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BH54Y UT WOS:A1997BH54Y00023 ER PT B AU Krenn, CR Morris, JW Mei, Z AF Krenn, CR Morris, JW Mei, Z BE Soboyejo, WO Srivatsan, TS TI The crystallography of fatigue crack initiation in two austenitic Fe-Ni superalloys SO HIGH CYCLE FATIGUE OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High Cycle Fatigue of Structural Materials in Honor of Professor Paul C Paris, Held During Materials Week 97 CY SEP 14-18, 1997 CL INDIANAPOLIS, IN SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc, Struct Mat Div, ASM Int AB Fatigue crack initiation in the austenitic Fe-Ni superalloys Incoloy-908 and A-286 is examined using local crystallographic orientation measurements. Results are consistent with sharp transgranular initiation and propagation occurring almost exclusively on {111} planes in both alloys. Initiation in each alloy occurred both intergranularly and transgranularly and was often associated with blocky surface oxide or carbide inclusions. Two characteristic features of transgranular crack initiation sites are observed in A-286: The resolved shear stresses and strains on crack planes tend to be near the maximum possible, and surface crack traces tend to lie 45 degrees away from the tensile direction. These observations support a shear strain criterion for crack initiation. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Krenn, CR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr Adv Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MINERALS, METALS & MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086-7514 USA BN 0-87339-382-1 PY 1997 BP 327 EP 337 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BK49Y UT WOS:000072372400026 ER PT S AU Youchison, DL Marshall, TD McDonald, JM Lutz, TJ Watson, RD Driemeyer, DE Kubik, DL Slattery, KT Hellwig, TH AF Youchison, DL Marshall, TD McDonald, JM Lutz, TJ Watson, RD Driemeyer, DE Kubik, DL Slattery, KT Hellwig, TH BE Khounsary, AM Macrander, AT TI Critical heat flux performance of hypervapotrons proposed for use in the ITER divertor vertical target SO HIGH HEAT FLUX AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th High Heat Flux Engineering Conference, as part of the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE hypervapotron; critical heat flux; thermal-hydraulics; fusion energy; ITER; high heat flux; electron beam; tokamak; heat sink AB Task T-222 of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) program addresses the manufacturing and testing of permanent components for use in the ITER divertor. Thermal-hydraulic and critical heat flux performance of the heat sinks proposed for use in the divertor vertical target are part of subtask T-222.4. As part of this effort, two single channel, medium-scale, bare copper alloy, hypervapotron mock-ups were designed by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and McDonnell Douglas Aerospace (MDA), fabricated at MDA and tested at Sandia's Plasma Materials Test Facility using the EB-1200 electron beam system. The objectives of our effort were to develop the design and manufacturing procedures required for construction of robust HHF components, verify thermal-hydraulic, thermomechanical and CHF performance under ITER relevant conditions, and perform analyses of HHF data to identify design guidelines, failure criteria and possibly modify any applicable CHF correlations. This paper describes the design, fabrication and finite elements modeling of two types of hypervapotrons, a common version already in use at JET and a new attached-fin design. HHF test data on the attached-fin hypervapotron will be used to compare the CHF performance under uniform heating profiles on long heated lengths to that of localized, highly peaked, off-nominal profiles. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Youchison, DL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. OI Youchison, Dennis/0000-0002-7366-1710 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2573-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3151 BP 27 EP 44 DI 10.1117/12.294495 PG 18 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK21Q UT WOS:000071550400003 ER PT S AU Khounsary, AM Chojnowski, D Assoufid, L Worek, WM AF Khounsary, AM Chojnowski, D Assoufid, L Worek, WM BE Khounsary, AM Macrander, AT TI Thermal contact resistance across a copper-silicon interface SO HIGH HEAT FLUX AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th High Heat Flux Engineering Conference, as part of the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE contact resistance; thermal interface; heat transfer AB An experimental setup to measure the thermal contact conductance across a silicon-copper (Si-Cu) interface is described, and the results obtained are presented. The resulting thermal contact resistance data are used in estimating the thermo-mechanical and optical performance of optical substrates cooled by interfaced copper cooling blocks. Several factors influence the heat transfer across solid interfaces. These include the material properties, interface pressure, flatness and roughness of the contacting surfaces, temperature, and interstital material, if any. Results presented show the variation of thermal contact conductance as a function of applied interface pressure for a Cu-Si interface. Various interstitial materials investigated include indium foil, silver foil and a liquid eutectic (Ga-In-Sn). As expected, thermal contact resistance decreases as interface pressure increases, except in the case of the eutectic, in which it was nearly constant. The softer the interstitial material, the lower the thermal contact resistance. Liquid metal provides the lowest thermal contact resistance across the Cu-Si interface, followed by the indium foil, and then the silver foil. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Expt Facil, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Khounsary, AM (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Expt Facil, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2573-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3151 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1117/12.294497 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK21Q UT WOS:000071550400004 ER PT S AU Rosenberg, RA Farrell, W Ma, Q Mancini, DC Khounsary, A Sheng, A Crozier, ED Soerensen, GJ Gordon, RA Jiang, DT AF Rosenberg, RA Farrell, W Ma, Q Mancini, DC Khounsary, A Sheng, A Crozier, ED Soerensen, GJ Gordon, RA Jiang, DT BE Khounsary, AM Macrander, AT TI Prospects for using high power x-rays as a volumetric heat source SO HIGH HEAT FLUX AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th High Heat Flux Engineering Conference, as part of the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE x-rays; insertion devices; welding; heat treatment; volumetric heating AB Third-generation, high-intensity, x-ray synchrotron radiation sources are capable of producing high heat-flux x-ray beams. In many applications finding ways to handle these powers is viewed as a burden. However, there are some technological applications where the deep penetration length of the x-rays may find beneficial uses as a volumetric heat source. In this paper we discuss the prospects for using high power x-rays for volumetric heating and report some recent experimental results. The particular applications we focus on are welding and surface heat treatment. The radiation source is an undulator at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). Results of preliminary tests on aluminum, aluminum metal matrix composites, and steel will be presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rosenberg, RA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2573-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3151 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1117/12.294499 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK21Q UT WOS:000071550400006 ER PT S AU Khounsary, A Chojnowski, D Mancini, DC Lai, B Dejus, R AF Khounsary, A Chojnowski, D Mancini, DC Lai, B Dejus, R BE Khounsary, AM Macrander, AT TI Thermal management of masks for deep x-ray lithography SO HIGH HEAT FLUX AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th High Heat Flux Engineering Conference, as part of the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE x-ray lithography; mask; bending magnet radiation; thermal management; high heat flux; beryllium; diamond; graphite; silicon AB This paper addresses some options and techniques in the thermal management of masks used in deep x-ray lithography. The x-ray masks are thin plates made of low-atomic-number materials on which a patterned thin film of a high-atomic-number metal has been deposited. When they are exposed to an x-ray beam, part of the radiation is transmitted to replicate the pattern on a downstream photoresist, and the remainder is absorbed in the mask in the form of heat. This heat load can cause deformation of the mask and thus image distortion in the lithography process. The mask geometry considered in the present study is 100 mm x 100 mm in area, and about 0.1 to 2 mm thick. The incident radiation is a bending magnet x-ray beam having a footprint of 60 mm x 4 mm at the mask. The mask is scanned vertically about +/- 30 mm so that a 60 mm x 60 mm area is exposed. The maximum absorbed heat load in the mask is 80 W, which is significantly greater than a few watts encountered in previous systems. In this paper, cooling techniques, substrate material selection, transient and steady state thermal and structural behavior, and other thermo-mechanical aspects of mask design are discussed. It is shown that, while diamond and graphite remain attractive candidates, at present beryllium is a more suitable material for this purpose and, when properly cooled, can provide the necessary dimensional tolerance. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Khounsary, A (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2573-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3151 BP 92 EP 101 DI 10.1117/12.294468 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK21Q UT WOS:000071550400008 ER PT S AU Heimann, PA Larsson, J Lindenberg, A Schuck, PJ Judd, E Bucksbaum, PH Lee, RW Padmore, HA Wark, JS Falcone, RW AF Heimann, PA Larsson, J Lindenberg, A Schuck, PJ Judd, E Bucksbaum, PH Lee, RW Padmore, HA Wark, JS Falcone, RW BE Khounsary, AM Macrander, AT TI Melting of a semiconductor crystal (InSb) with a short laser pulse (100 fs) SO HIGH HEAT FLUX AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th High Heat Flux Engineering Conference, as part of the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE x-ray diffraction; pulsed laser; time-resolved AB Time-dependent x-ray diffraction has been measured from laser-irradiated semiconductor crystals. Laser pulses with 100 fs duration and 800 nm wavelength excite the sample inducing phase transitions. 5 keV x-rays from the Advanced Light Source are diffracted by a sagittally-focusing Si (111) crystal and then by the sample crystal, InSb (111), onto an avalanche photodiode. By detecting individual pulses of synchrotron radiation, which have a duration of 70 ps, the diffracted intensity is observed to decrease because of photoabsorption in a disordered surfaced layer. Rocking curves measured after the laser irradiation show a tail, which results from a strained region caused by expansion of the crystal lattice. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Heimann, PA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Accelerator & Fus Res, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2573-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3151 BP 102 EP 106 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK21Q UT WOS:000071550400009 ER PT S AU Sheng, IC Yang, BX Sharma, S AF Sheng, IC Yang, BX Sharma, S BE Khounsary, AM Macrander, AT TI A beryllium window for an APS diagnostics beamline SO HIGH HEAT FLUX AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th High Heat Flux Engineering Conference, as part of the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE beryllium; window; brazing; thermomechanical; APS; diagnostics; thermal; buckling; closed form solutions; finite element method AB A beryllium (Be) window for an Advanced Photon Source (APS) diagnostics beamline has been designed and built. The window, which has a double concave axisymmetrical profile with a thickness of 0.5 mm at the center, receives 160 W/mm(2) (7 GeV/100 mA stored beam) from an undulator beam. The window design as well as thermal and thermomechanical analyses, including thermal buckling of the Be window, are presented. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Sheng, IC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2573-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3151 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1117/12.294471 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK21Q UT WOS:000071550400012 ER PT S AU Smither, RK Khounsary, AM Xu, SL AF Smither, RK Khounsary, AM Xu, SL BE Khounsary, AM Macrander, AT TI Potential of a beryllium x-ray lens SO HIGH HEAT FLUX AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th High Heat Flux Engineering Conference, as part of the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE x-ray; beryllium; x-ray lens; refractive lens; focusing AB The use of refractive lenses for focusing x-ray beams has been the subject of publications since the early 1980s. Detailed calculations have been made for different shapes for the refractive lens: cylindrical, spherical, parabolic, and for a Fresnel-type refractive lens. The main drawback to the use of a single refractive lens to focus x-rays is that the index of refraction (n = 1 - delta) is very close to 1, which results in a lens with a very long focal length. Recently Snigerov and others have suggested and experimentally demonstrated, using cylindrical-shaped lenses, that this problem of long focal lengths can be overcome by using many lenses in series. Each lens refracts the photon through a small angle, but the sum of these sequential changes in direction can be moderately large. This increase in effective refraction angle reduces the focal length of the lens to a few meters or less and makes the multi-element lens a much more useful instrument for focusing x-rays. This paper, annualizes the expected performance of a lens consisting of a series of aligned hollow spheres in a beryllium substrate. The use of hollow spheres rather than hollow cylinders produces focusing of the x rays into a small focal spot in contrast to the single-directional focusing of the hollow cylinders, which produces a line focus. The use of beryllium as the substrate results in lower photo cross sections for both scattering and absorption relative to the value of the refractive index as compared to higher-Z materials and results in higher transmission values than for lenses with similar focal lengths made from higher-Z materials. Be is very stiff, which makes it easier to fabricate lenses with thin webs between the lens elements without distorting the surfaces of the neighbor lens element. This plus beryllium's low density, keep the absorption and scattering in the web ac a minimum. The calculations suggest that one will be able to make Be lenses with short focal lengths (1 to 2 m) with useable transmissions (10 to 30%). Two multi-element lenses have been constructed: one with 20 1-mm-diameter hollow spheres in an aluminum substrate, and one with 50 hollow spheres, 1 mm in diameter, in a beryllium substrate, Some construction details and calculations of the expected performance, are given for these two multi-element lenses. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smither, RK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2573-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3151 BP 150 EP 163 DI 10.1117/12.294474 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK21Q UT WOS:000071550400015 ER PT S AU Beno, MA Knapp, GS Engbretson, M Jennings, G Kurtz, CA Montano, PA Wiley, CL AF Beno, MA Knapp, GS Engbretson, M Jennings, G Kurtz, CA Montano, PA Wiley, CL BE Khounsary, AM Macrander, AT TI High neat load crystal cooling strategies for an APS wiggler beamline SO HIGH HEAT FLUX AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th High Heat Flux Engineering Conference, as part of the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE synchrotron radiation; high heat load crystal optics; wiggler radiation AB High energy wigglers produce extremely high total powers. For example, the insertion device for one beamline of the Basic Energy Sciences Synchrotron Research Center (BESSRC) is an elliptical multipole wiggler (EMPW) which can generate circularly polarized X-rays on axis and produces a total power of similar to 8 kW. This insertion device will be used to simultaneously provide x-rays to three branch lines, a branch equipped with a normal double crystal monochromator feeding a scattering and spectroscopy station, and two branches with single-bounce horizontally deflecting monochromators for Compton scattering and High Energy Diffraction. The crystal optics for this type of device require substantially different heat load solutions than those used for undulator beamlines. We will discuss how the beam is split and shared among the beamline branch lines and present the crystal cooling strategies employed for both the double crystal monochromator and horizontally deflecting single-bounce monochromators. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Beno, MA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RI Kurtz, Chalres/G-1037-2011 OI Kurtz, Chalres/0000-0003-2606-0864 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2573-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3151 BP 172 EP 180 DI 10.1117/12.294475 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK21Q UT WOS:000071550400017 ER PT S AU Rogers, CS AF Rogers, CS BE Khounsary, AM Macrander, AT TI High heat flux x-ray monochromators: What are the limits? SO HIGH HEAT FLUX AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th High Heat Flux Engineering Conference, as part of the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE x-ray monochromators; synchrotron radiation; undulators; high heat flux optics AB First optical elements at third-generation, hard x-ray synchrotrons, such as the Advanced Photon Source (APS), are subjected to immense heat fluxes. The optical elements include crystal monochromators, multilayers and mirrors, This paper presents a mathematical model of the thermal strain of a three-layer (faceplate, heat exchanger, and baseplate), cylindrical optic subjected to a narrow beam of uniform heat flux. This model is used to calculate the strain gradient of a liquid-gallium-cooled x-ray monochromator previously tested on an undulator at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS). The resulting thermally broadened rocking curves are calculated and compared to experimental data. The calculated rocking curve widths agree to within a few percent of the measured values over the entire current range tested (0 to 60 mA). The thermal strain gradient under the beam footprint varies linearly with the heat flux and the ratio of the thermal expansion coefficient to the thermal conductivity. The strain gradient is insensitive to the heat exchanger properties and the optic geometry. This formulation provides direct insight into the governing parameters, greatly reduces the analysis time, and provides a measure of the ultimate performance of a given monochromator. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Rogers, CS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2573-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3151 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1117/12.294479 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK21Q UT WOS:000071550400020 ER PT S AU Lee, WK Fernandez, PB Khounsary, A Yun, W Trakhtenberg, E AF Lee, WK Fernandez, PB Khounsary, A Yun, W Trakhtenberg, E BE Khounsary, AM Macrander, AT TI Advanced photon source undulator beamline tests of a contact-cooled silicon u-shaped monochromator SO HIGH HEAT FLUX AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th High Heat Flux Engineering Conference, as part of the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE x-ray optics; high-heat-load optics; synchrotron optics; monochromators; contact-cooled optics AB At the Advanced Photon Source (APS), undulator insertion devices are capable of producing x-ray beams with a total power of about 5 kW and normal incidence heat fluxes of about 170 W/mm(2) at 30 m from the source. On beamlines in which the first optical element is a mirror, the reflected beam from the mirror still carries considerable power and power density. Depending on its location, the monochromator downstream of the mirror might be subject to 300 W total power and 5 W/mm(2) normal incidence heat flux. Thus, it is still necessary to carefully design a monochromator that provides acceptable performance under these heat loads. A contact-cooled u-shaped monochromator may be used in this case. The main feature of the u-shaped monochromator is that, by carefully selecting the geometry and cooling locations, it passively corrects for some of the thermally induced crystal distortions. We present experimental and computational results of a contact cooled u-shaped monochromator tested on an APS undulator beamline. The results are encouraging and compare favorably with liquid-gallium internally cooled crystals. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, WK (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2573-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3151 BP 208 EP 215 DI 10.1117/12.294480 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK21Q UT WOS:000071550400021 ER PT S AU Siddons, DP AF Siddons, DP BE Khounsary, AM Macrander, AT TI The use of monolithic elastic design in x-ray monochromators SO HIGH HEAT FLUX AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th High Heat Flux Engineering Conference, as part of the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers AB A wide variety of construction methods and mechanical designs for hard x-ray monochromators is in use at synchrotron radiation facilities around the world. These cover the gamut in complexity ana sophistication. This paper will try to show that sophistication and complexity are not inevitable partners, and that the use of elastic monolithic design can remove much of the complexity in x-ray monochromators of all levels of sophistication. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Siddons, DP (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2573-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3151 BP 230 EP 242 DI 10.1117/12.294482 PG 13 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK21Q UT WOS:000071550400023 ER PT S AU Macrander, AT Schwoerer-Bohning, M Abbamonte, PM Hu, M AF Macrander, AT Schwoerer-Bohning, M Abbamonte, PM Hu, M BE Khounsary, AM Macrander, AT TI High resolution monochromator for inelastic scattering studies of high energy phonons using undulator radiation at the advanced photon source SO HIGH HEAT FLUX AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th High Heat Flux Engineering Conference, as part of the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE x-ray monochromator; synchrotron radiation; high resolution; inelastic x-ray scattering AB A monochromator for use at 13.84 keV with a calculated bandpass of 5.2 meV was designed, built, and tested. Tuning was performed by rotating the inner crystal of a pair of nested silicon channel cut crystals. The inner crystal employs the (884) reflection, and the outer crystal employs a collimating asymmetric (422) reflection (dynamical asymmetry factor, b,equal to -17.5). Tests were done with a double crystal Si(111) pre-monochromator situated upstream of the high resolution monochromator and a Si(777) backscattering crystal situated downstream. For this optical arrangement an ideal value of 6.3 meV as calculated by x-ray dynamical diffraction theory applies for the FWHM of the convolution of the net monochromator reflectivity function with that of the Si(777) reflection. This calculated value is to be compared to the value of 7.1 meV measured by tuning the high resolution monochromator. Measured efficiencies were less than ideal by a factor of 3.2 to 4.9, where the larger flux reduction factors were found with higher positron storage ring currents. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Macrander, AT (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2573-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3151 BP 271 EP 281 DI 10.1117/12.294486 PG 11 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK21Q UT WOS:000071550400027 ER PT S AU Schwoerer-Bohning, M Abbamonte, PM Macrander, AT Kushnir, VI AF Schwoerer-Bohning, M Abbamonte, PM Macrander, AT Kushnir, VI BE Khounsary, AM Macrander, AT TI A spherical rent focusing analyzer for high resolution inelastic X-ray scattering SO HIGH HEAT FLUX AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th High Heat Flux Engineering Conference, as part of the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE inelastic X-ray scattering; high energy resolution; X-ray optics; synchrotron radiation instrumentation AB A new technique for making a high resolution X-ray analyzer is presented. The analyzer consists of a silicon wafer with <111> orientation, a Pyrex glass wafer and a concave polished Pyrex glass substrate. The energy resolution of the analyzer was studied on the inelastic scattering beamline of the Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation Collaborative Access Team (SRI CAT) on sector 3 of the APS using the Si(777) back reflection at 13.84 keV. Details are presented and compared with other techniques, and we discuss contributions to the measured energy resolution. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Schwoerer-Bohning, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Expt Facil Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2573-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3151 BP 282 EP 286 DI 10.1117/12.294487 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK21Q UT WOS:000071550400028 ER PT S AU Knapp, GS Beno, MA Gofron, KJ AF Knapp, GS Beno, MA Gofron, KJ BE Khounsary, AM Macrander, AT TI High resolution Bragg focusing optics for synchrotron monochromators and analyzers SO HIGH HEAT FLUX AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th High Heat Flux Engineering Conference, as part of the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE X-ray; Bragg focusing; energy dispersive; high energy; sagittal focusing AB A number of different applications for high resolution Bragg Focusing Optics are reviewed. Applications include Sagittal Focusing, Energy Dispersive optics for x-ray absorption and diffraction, a curved analyzer-multichannel detector method for efficient acquisition of powder and small angle scattering data, the use of Backscattering Analyzers for very high resolution inelastic scattering, and curved crystals for high energy applications. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Knapp, GS (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2573-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3151 BP 300 EP 311 DI 10.1117/12.294489 PG 12 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK21Q UT WOS:000071550400030 ER PT S AU Kushnir, VI Abbamonte, PM Macrander, AT Schwoerer-Bohning, M AF Kushnir, VI Abbamonte, PM Macrander, AT Schwoerer-Bohning, M BE Khounsary, AM Macrander, AT TI Backscattering channel-cut high-resolution monochromator for inelastic x-ray scattering SO HIGH HEAT FLUX AND SYNCHROTRON RADIATION BEAMLINES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th High Heat Flux Engineering Conference, as part of the SPIE International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE inelastic x-ray scattering; high energy resolution; x-ray optics; synchrotron radiation instrumentation AB We report on a design and on some experimental results for the performance of a new high energy resolution monochromator. It is a large channel-cut Si crystal with a 197 mm separation between the two faces designed to operate in a near-backscattering regime. The device was tested as a second monochromator on Sector 3 of the Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation Collaborative Access Team (SRI-CAT) at the Advanced Photon Source using the Si(777) reflection at a photon energy of 13.84 keV. The same monochromator can be used for other energies with reflections of the type (hhh). Special care has been taken to equalize the temperature of the two faces by employing a Peltier heat pump. A Si(111) double-crystal pre-monochromator designed to withstand the high heat load of the undulator radiation was used upstream on the beamline. The measured throughput efficiency of the Si(777) channel-cut monochromator was less than ideal by a factor of 1.9. Dynamical diffraction theory was used to calculate the throughput of an ideally perfect crystal. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kushnir, VI (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 0-8194-2573-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3151 BP 324 EP 328 DI 10.1117/12.294491 PG 5 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BK21Q UT WOS:000071550400032 ER PT S AU Strohmaier, E Dongarra, JJ Meuer, HW Simon, HD AF Strohmaier, E Dongarra, JJ Meuer, HW Simon, HD BE Hertzberger, B Sloot, P TI Industrial application areas of high-performance computing SO HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND NETWORKING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT High Performance Computing and Networking Europe 1997 Conference CY APR 28-30, 1997 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA AB In 1993, a list of the top 500 supercomputer sites worldwide was made available for the first time. Since then, the TOP500 list has been published twice a year. The list allows a detailed and well-founded analysis of the state of high-performance computing (HPC). This article summarizes the recent trends in application areas of HPC systems, focusing on the increase in industrial installations and applications. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Math Sci Sect, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Mannheim, Ctr Comp, D-68131 Mannheim, Germany. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, NERSC, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Strohmaier, E (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-62898-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1997 VL 1225 BP 3 EP 10 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK98Z UT WOS:000074015300001 ER PT S AU Barnes, KD Ivezic, N Leuze, MR AF Barnes, KD Ivezic, N Leuze, MR BE Hertzberger, B Sloot, P TI Collaborative management environment: A web-based management tool SO HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND NETWORKING SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT High Performance Computing and Networking Europe 1997 Conference CY APR 28-30, 1997 CL VIENNA, AUSTRIA C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Barnes, KD (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Math & Comp Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN 33 PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, W-1000 BERLIN 33, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 3-540-62898-3 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 1997 VL 1225 BP 1010 EP 1011 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK98Z UT WOS:000074015300113 ER PT B AU Kim, Y Plank, JS Dongarra, JJ AF Kim, Y Plank, JS Dongarra, JJ GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Fault tolerant matrix operations for networks of workstations using multiple checkpointing SO HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING ON THE INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY - HPC ASIA '97, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Performance Computing on the Information Superhighway (HPC Asia 97) CY APR 28-MAY 02, 1997 CL SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA SP Syst Engn Res Inst, Supercomp Ctr, Korea Informat Sci Soc, Parallel Proc Syst SIG AB Recently, an algorithm-based approach using diskless checkpointing has been developed to provide fault tolerance for high-performance matrix operations. With this approach, fault tolerance is incorporated into the matrix operations, making them resilient to any single process failure with low overhead. In this paper; we present a technique called multiple checkpointing that enables the matrix operations to tolerate a certain set of multiple processor failures by adding multiple checkpointing processors. Results of implementing this technique on a network of workstations show improvement in both the reliability of the computation and the performance of checkpointing. RP Kim, Y (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,NERSC,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7901-8 PY 1997 BP 460 EP 465 DI 10.1109/HPC.1997.592191 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BH72X UT WOS:A1997BH72X00080 ER PT B AU Tsang, RP Hsieh, J Du, DHC AF Tsang, RP Hsieh, J Du, DHC BE Tantawy, A TI The effect of various ATM switch architectures on VER video performance SO HIGH PERFORMANCE NETWORKING VII LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IFIP TC6 7th International Conference on High Performance Networks (HPN 97) CY APR 28-MAY 02, 1997 CL WHITE PLAINS, NY SP IFIP TC6 DE Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM); digital coded video; JPEG; MPEG; switch architectures; buffering strategies AB One of the most important components of an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network is the switch. Switch design is not a part of the ATM standards so vendors use a wide variety of techniques to build their switches. In this paper, we present experimental results of switching and multiplexing real-time Variable Bit Rate (VER) digital video traffic (JPEG, MPEG-1, and MPEG-2) through two different ATM switch architectures. Real-time VER traffic, such as digital video, is particularly interesting due to its high demands in terms of bandwidth, real-time delivery and processing requirements. Our experiments show that the 'fastest' switches, i.e., lowest latencies, do not necessarily perform better when transmitting VER video. The impact of the high speed network components' characteristics, such as switch fabric architecture, buffering strategies, and higher layer transport protocols (i.e., UDP, TCP/IP), are illustrated through the experimental results. RP Tsang, RP (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN BN 0-412-82070-6 PY 1997 BP 87 EP 100 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BH74P UT WOS:A1997BH74P00006 ER PT J AU Zhao, YS Von Dreele, RB Weidner, DJ Schiferl, D AF Zhao, YS Von Dreele, RB Weidner, DJ Schiferl, D TI P-V-T data of hexagonal boron nitride hBN and determination of pressure and temperature using thermoelastic equations of state of multiple phases SO HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hBN; thermoelasticities; equation of state; high P-T in-situ diffraction; P-T determination ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION; COMPRESSION; GRAPHITE; GPA AB A synchrotron x-ray diffraction study on hexagonal boron-nitride (hBN) was conducted at simultaneous high pressures and temperatures. The pressure applied to the sample is pseudo-hydrostatic up to 9.0 GPa and the temperature was homogeneous in the range of 300 K to 1280 K. A modified Rietveld profile refinement has been applied to these diffraction spectra of low symmetry and multiple phases observed in the energy-dispersive mode. Thermoelastic parameters of hBN were derived by fitting a modified high-temperature Birch-Murnaghan equation of slate. The results are: bulk modulus K = 17.6 GPa, pressure derivative K' = partial derivative K/partial derivative P = 19.5, temperature derivative (K) over dot = partial derivative K/partial derivative T = -0.69 x 10(-2) Gpa/K, volumetric thermal expansivity alpha = a + bT with values of a = 4.38 x 10(-5)K(-1) and b = 1.75 x 10(-8) K-2, respectively. It is observed that the thermal expansion and compression along different crystal axes are significantly different. The crystal c-axis is much more expandable and compressible than the a-axis. This is attributed to the layered structure of the hBN. Because the thermoelastic equations of state of hBN and NaCl are quite different, the unit cell volumes of these two materials, derived from the same diffraction pattern, can be used to derive the experimental P-T conditions. The large intersection angle of isochoric lines of these phases in P-T space ensures a determination of P-T with satisfactory precision. The application and limitations of this method in obtaining experimental pressure and temperature using diffraction data and thermoelastic equations of stale of multiple phases are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Zhao, YS (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING RG1 8JL, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0895-7959 J9 HIGH PRESSURE RES JI High Pressure Res. PY 1997 VL 15 IS 6 BP 369 EP 386 DI 10.1080/08957959708240481 PG 18 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA YN772 UT WOS:000071204900002 ER PT S AU Johnston, DC Borsa, F Carretta, P Cho, JH Chou, FC Corti, M Gooding, RJ Lai, E Lascialfari, A Miller, LL Salem, NM Suh, BJ Torgeson, DR Vaknin, D Vos, KJE Zarestky, JL AF Johnston, DC Borsa, F Carretta, P Cho, JH Chou, FC Corti, M Gooding, RJ Lai, E Lascialfari, A Miller, LL Salem, NM Suh, BJ Torgeson, DR Vaknin, D Vos, KJE Zarestky, JL BE Kaldis, E Liarokapis, E Muller, KA TI Magnetic properties of single-layer cuprates SO HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY 1996: TEN YEARS AFTER THE DISCOVERY SE NATO ADVANCED SCIENCE INSTITUTES SERIES, SERIES E, APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Study Institute on High-Tc Superconductivity 1996 - Ten Years After the Discovery CY AUG 19-31, 1996 CL DELPHI, GREECE SP NATO Adv Study Inst C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Johnston, DC (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Vaknin, David/B-3302-2009 OI Vaknin, David/0000-0002-0899-9248 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-132X BN 0-7923-4692-0 J9 NATO ADV SCI I E-APP PY 1997 VL 343 BP 311 EP 348 PG 38 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BK12D UT WOS:000071241900014 ER PT S AU Wright, IG Pint, BA Simpson, CS Tortorelli, PF AF Wright, IG Pint, BA Simpson, CS Tortorelli, PF BE Streiff, R Stringer, J Krutenat, RC Caillet, M Rapp, RA TI High-temperature oxidation life characteristics of ODS-Fe3Al SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 4, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 20-24, 1996 CL LES EMBIEZ, FRANCE SP CEFRACOR, Paris, France, Univ Provence, Marseille, France, E P R I, Palo Alto, US, European Federat Corros Event No 207 DE ODS iron aluminide; ODS FeCrAl; high-temperature oxidation; oxidation lifetime; thermal cycling ID ALLOYS AB The oxidation kinetics of ODS-Fe3Al alloys have been studied under temperature cycling conditions at 1000-1300 degrees C for up to 5,000 hours, or until breakaway oxidation occurred. Comparisons were made with commercial ODS-FeCrAl alloys. The best Fe3Al-based alloys oxidized isothermally at the same rate of the commercial ODS-FeCrAls. Under thermal cycling conditions, the oxidation rate of ODS-Fe3Al was faster than that of the best ODS-FeCrAl as a result of differences in scale spallation characteristics. Comparison of the scale morphologies indicated differences between ODS-Fe3Al and the ODS-FeCrAls. Especially notable was the greater tendency of the ODS-Fe3Al alloy to form interfacial voids. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Wright, IG (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Bldg 45005,MS 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-774-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 251-2 BP 195 EP 201 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK31U UT WOS:000071768900023 ER PT S AU Hou, PY Cannon, RM AF Hou, PY Cannon, RM BE Streiff, R Stringer, J Krutenat, RC Caillet, M Rapp, RA TI The stress state in thermally grown NiO scales SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 4, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 20-24, 1996 CL LES EMBIEZ, FRANCE SP CEFRACOR, Paris, France, Univ Provence, Marseille, France, E P R I, Palo Alto, US, European Federat Corros Event No 207 DE oxidation; residual stress; nickel oxide; X-ray diffraction; diffusion; growth stress ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE OXIDATION; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; OXIDE-FILMS; DIFFUSION; GENERATION; NICKEL; SYSTEM AB The residual stresses in NiO formed by the thermal oxidation of Ni were measured using X-ray diffraction at room temperature. Different thicknesses of Ni, having 99.6% and 99.995% purity, were oxidized from 800 degrees to 1000 degrees C. An in-plane compressive stress existed in the oxide layer which like the microstructure depends on purity. For the less pure Ni, the stress was higher with increasing oxidation temperature, decreased with increasing oxide thickness and was also a strong function of substrate thickness. Holding the oxidized specimen in argon before cooling caused a decrease in the level of stress in the oxide. Evaluation of these results indicated the presence of a net residual compressive growth stress, and that creep of the substrate, which was much faster with purer Ni, was the major cause of the stress relief. Combining these results and others that have been published, the growth stress in NiO scales appears to be weakly tensile in the outer columnar layer but compressive in the inner layer. However, such a stress state (i.e. the outer tension) does not agree with stress generation models based on the morphology of the oxide grains and the relative diffusivities of Ni and O in the NiO film. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hou, PY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Sci Mat, MS 62-203,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-774-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 251-2 BP 325 EP 332 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK31U UT WOS:000071768900038 ER PT S AU Pint, BA AF Pint, BA BE Streiff, R Stringer, J Krutenat, RC Caillet, M Rapp, RA TI Study of the reactive element effect in ODS iron-base alumina formers SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 4, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 20-24, 1996 CL LES EMBIEZ, FRANCE SP CEFRACOR, Paris, France, Univ Provence, Marseille, France, E P R I, Palo Alto, US, European Federat Corros Event No 207 DE reactive element effect; oxide dispersion strengthened; FeCrAl; Fe3Al; alpha-Al2O3; scale adhesion; scale microstructure; interfacial voids ID TEMPERATURE OXIDATION RESISTANCE; FE-CR-AL; OXIDE ADHERENCE; ALLOYS; MECHANISM; GROWTH; SULFUR; SEGREGATION; LIMITATIONS; ADHESION AB Iron aluminide (Fe3Al) and FeCrAl compositions were dispersed with 15 different oxides in order to study the effect of oxygen-active dopants on the high-temperature growth and adhesion of alpha-Al2O3 scales. In these model-type, oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) systems, the chemical effects of various cation dopants were compared to the base-line effect of an Al2O3 dispersion. By conducting isothermal and cyclic oxidation tests and by characterizing the oxidation product, effects on scale adhesion, growth rate and microstructure were evaluated. The dopants were categorized based on their effectiveness in modifying the alumina scale. An Al2O3 dispersion yielded some improvement in oxidation behavior apparently by strengthening the relatively weak substrate. However, the type of improvements in adhesion and the change in growth mechanism associated with the addition of reactive elements such as Y were not achieved. In general, due to the weaker substrate and the inherently faster interfacial void formation, the dispersions were less effective in ODS Fe3Al than in ODS FeCrAl. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pint, BA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Pint, Bruce/A-8435-2008 OI Pint, Bruce/0000-0002-9165-3335 NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-774-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 251-2 BP 397 EP 404 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK31U UT WOS:000071768900047 ER PT S AU Saunders, SRJ Gohil, DD Banks, JP Sheriff, MU Tortorelli, PF De Van, JH Wright, IG AF Saunders, SRJ Gohil, DD Banks, JP Sheriff, MU Tortorelli, PF De Van, JH Wright, IG BE Streiff, R Stringer, J Krutenat, RC Caillet, M Rapp, RA TI Behaviour of Fecralloy and iron aluminides alloys in coal gasification atmospheres containing HCl SO HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS 4, PTS 1 AND 2 SE MATERIALS SCIENCE FORUM LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials CY MAY 20-24, 1996 CL LES EMBIEZ, FRANCE SP CEFRACOR, Paris, France, Univ Provence, Marseille, France, E P R I, Palo Alto, US, European Federat Corros Event No 207 DE sulphidation; coal gasification; iron aluminides; protective alumina scales ID SULFIDATION AB The high temperature corrosion behaviour of Fecralloy and three alloys based on iron aluminides containing 16 and 28 at% Al with up to 5 at% Cr has been studied in simulated coal gasification conditions containing 1000 ppm HCl at 450 and 550 degrees C and 3283 ppm HCl at 550 degrees C for periods up to 1000 h. The higher HCl level was used in the laboratory experiments at 1 bar to simulate a gasifier operating at 10 bar with a coal containing 0.3% Cl. Intermetallic alloys containing 28 at% Al and 2-5 at% Cr showed exceptional resistance to attack even in the most aggressive conditions with mass gains of generally less than 1 g m(-2). The corrosion resistance was somewhat reduced for the lower Cr alloy. For the most aggressive test conditions, however, the intermetallic alloys exhibited superior resistance to attack when compared with Fecralloy, but a 16 at% Al intermetallic with 5 at% Cr showed the lowest corrosion resistance of the materials investigated. C1 Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Saunders, SRJ (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Queens Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. RI Tortorelli, Peter/E-2433-2011 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANSTEC PUBLICATIONS LTD PI ZURICH-UETIKON PA BRANDRAIN 6, CH-8707 ZURICH-UETIKON, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 BN 0-87849-774-9 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 1997 VL 251-2 BP 583 EP 589 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BK31U UT WOS:000071768900068 ER PT S AU Sikka, VK AF Sikka, VK BE Koch, CC Liu, CT Stoloff, NS Wanner, A TI Commercialization status of Ni3Al-based alloys SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE ORDERED INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys VII CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The Ni3Al-based alloys have been under development at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and other research institutions in the United States and around the world for the last ten years. The incremental developments of composition, melting process, casting methods, property data, corrosion data, weldability development, and prototype component testing under production-like operating conditions have pushed the ORNL-developed Ni3Al-based alloys closer to commercialization. This paper will present the highlights of incremental technical developments along with the approach and current status of commercialization. It is concluded that cast components are the primary applications of Ni3Al-based alloys, and applications range from heat-treating fixtures to forging dies. It is also concluded that the commercialization process is accelerated when technology is licensed to an organization that can produce the alloy, has component manufacturing capability, and is also a user. RP Sikka, VK (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-364-9 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 460 BP 15 EP 27 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJ28E UT WOS:A1997BJ28E00002 ER PT S AU Liu, CT Maziasz, PJ Wright, JL AF Liu, CT Maziasz, PJ Wright, JL BE Koch, CC Liu, CT Stoloff, NS Wanner, A TI Key microstructures controlling the mechanical properties of two-phase TiAl alloys with lamellar structures SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE ORDERED INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys VII CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The objective of this study is to identify key microstructural parameters which control the mechanical properties of two-phase gamma-TiAl alloys with lamellar structures. TiAl alloys with the base composition of Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb (at. %) were prepared by are melting and drop casting, followed by hot extrusion at temperatures above the alpha-transus temperature, T-alpha. The hot extruded materials were then heat treated at various temperatures above and below T-alpha in order to control microstructural features in these lamellar structures. The mechanical properties of these alloys were determined by tensile testing at temperatures to 1000 degrees C. The tensile elongation at room temperature is strongly dependent on grain size, showing an increase in ductility with decreasing grain size. The strength at room and elevated temperatures is sensitive to interlamellar spacing, showing an increase in strength with decreasing lamellar spacing. Hall-Fetch relationships hold well for the yield strength at room and elevated temperatures and for the tensile elongation at room temperature. Tensile elongations of about 5% and yield strengths around 900 MPa are achieved by controlling both colony size and interlamellar spacing. The mechanical properties of the TiAl alloys with controlled lamellar structures produced directly by hot extrusion are much superior to those produced by conventional thermomechanical treatments. RP Liu, CT (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X; Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-364-9 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 460 BP 83 EP 90 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJ28E UT WOS:A1997BJ28E00009 ER PT S AU Jin, Z Gray, GT Yamaguchi, M AF Jin, Z Gray, GT Yamaguchi, M BE Koch, CC Liu, CT Stoloff, NS Wanner, A TI Deformation of polysynthetically twinned (PST) TiAl crystals at high strain rate and high temperature SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE ORDERED INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys VII CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Deformation microstructures in a 45 degrees<(3) over bar 21> oriented (the lamellar interface was tilted 45 degrees from the loading axis about the <(3) over bar 21> direction in the lamellar interface) polysynthetically twinned (PST) TiAl crystal deformed in compression at 3000 s(-1) and 800 degrees C was studied. Deformation of this PST crystal is characterized as follows: 1) Deformation of domains [III] and [IV] is dominated by 1/6[11 (2) over bar](111) parallel twinning (twinning parallel to lamellar interfaces). Ordinary dislocations observed in these domains are found to be a complementary deformation mode. 2) Deformation of domains [II], [V] and [VI] is controlled by a 1/2<110] ordinary dislocation slip. Complementary deformation modes in these domains are ordinary dislocation slip, superdislocation slip and cross-twinning. 3) Domain [1] is not deformed after the specimen deforms up to similar to 7% strain. RP Jin, Z (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-364-9 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 460 BP 189 EP 194 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJ28E UT WOS:A1997BJ28E00026 ER PT S AU Maziasz, PJ Liu, CT AF Maziasz, PJ Liu, CT BE Koch, CC Liu, CT Stoloff, NS Wanner, A TI Ultrafine fully-lamellar structures in two-phase gamma-TiAl alloys SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE ORDERED INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys VII CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Special ultrafine fully-lamellar microstructures have been found recently in gamma-TiAl alloys with 46-48 at.% Al, when they are processed or heat-treated above the alpha-transus temperature (T-alpha). Hot-extrusion above T-alpha also produces a refined colony or grain size. Refined-colony/ultrafine-lamellar(RC/U) microstructures produce an excellent combination of room-temperature ductility and high-temperature strength in Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb (at.%) alloys. UL structures generally have an average interlamellar spacing of 100-200 nm, and have regularly alternating gamma and alpha(2) lamellea, such that they are dominated by gamma/alpha(2) interfaces with relatively few gamma/gamma twin boundaries. The focus of this study is how variations in processing parameters or alloy composition affect formation of the UL structure, particularly the alpha(2) component. RP Maziasz, PJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. OI Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-364-9 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 460 BP 219 EP 223 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJ28E UT WOS:A1997BJ28E00031 ER PT S AU Schneibel, JH Munroe, PR Pike, LM AF Schneibel, JH Munroe, PR Pike, LM BE Koch, CC Liu, CT Stoloff, NS Wanner, A TI Strength, thermal defects, and solid solution hardening in nickel-containing B2 iron aluminides SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE ORDERED INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys VII CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Nickel-containing ternary iron aluminides with an aluminum concentration of 45 at. % were investigated with respect to room temperature strength, equilibrium vacancy concentration, and the kinetics of vacancy removal. As compared to binary iron aluminides with the same Al concentration, nickel additions reduce the thermal equilibrium vacancy concentration at 1273 K, whereas they increase this concentration at 973 K. Furthermore, at low temperatures such as 673 K, nickel additions increase dramatically the time needed to reach vacancy equilibrium. During prolonged annealing at 673 K, the density of [001] dislocations in Fe-45Al-3Ni (at. %) increased by an order of magnitude. This suggests that dislocations act as sinks for vacancies. At the same time, the number density of small (20-50 nn) voids decreased, indicating that they were not stable in the absence of substantial vacancy supersaturations. Our findings show also that the solid solution strengthening of iron aluminides due to Ni is much weaker than previously thought. RP Schneibel, JH (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-364-9 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 460 BP 379 EP 384 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJ28E UT WOS:A1997BJ28E00055 ER PT S AU Kotula, PG Anderson, IM Chu, F Thoma, DJ Bentley, J Mitchell, TE AF Kotula, PG Anderson, IM Chu, F Thoma, DJ Bentley, J Mitchell, TE BE Koch, CC Liu, CT Stoloff, NS Wanner, A TI Site occupancies in ternary C15 ordered Laves phases SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE ORDERED INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys VII CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Site occupancies in three C15-structured AB(2)(X) Laves phases have been determined with Atom Location by CHanneling Enhanced MIcroanalysis (ALCHEMI). In NbCr2(V), the results are consistent with exclusive site occupancies of Nb for the A sublattice and Cr and V for the B sublattice. The B-site occupancy of V can be interpreted in terms of electronic structure. In NbCr2(Ti), the results are consistent with Ti partitioning mostly to the A sites with some anti-site defects likely. In HfV2(Nb), the results are consistent with Nb partitioning between the A and B sites. The results of the ALCHEMI analyses of these ternary C15 Laves phase materials are discussed with respect to previously determined phase diagrams and first-principles total energy and electronic structure calculations. RP Kotula, PG (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,MAIL STOP K765,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-364-9 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 460 BP 617 EP 622 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJ28E UT WOS:A1997BJ28E00092 ER PT S AU Thoma, DJ Chu, F Wills, JM Mitchell, TE AF Thoma, DJ Chu, F Wills, JM Mitchell, TE BE Koch, CC Liu, CT Stoloff, NS Wanner, A TI Comparison of NbCr2 and HfV2 C15 Laves phases SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE ORDERED INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys VII CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The elastic properties, phase stability, and alloying behavior of NbCr2 and HfV2 C15 Laves phases have been investigated with a combined experimental and theoretical approach. Experimental results indicate that HfV2 has anomalous elastic properties as well as a structural instability, but NbCr2 does not. In addition, ternary phase fields of NbCr2 with V and HfV2 with Nb were examined experimentally, and they have substantially different alloying behavior. In order to understand these experimental phenomena, the total energy and electronic structure of C15 NbCr2 and HfV2 were calculated using the linear muffin-tin orbital method with the atomic sphere approximation. Calculation results suggest that the phase instability of HfV2 is induced by phonon softening, and the anomalous elastic properties of HfV2 appear to be attributed to a doubly degenerate electronic energy level with a linear dispersion relation very close to the Fermi level. Finally, density of states plots indicate that for HfV2, some bonding d-states are unoccupied while for NbCr2, all bonding and some anti-bonding d-states are occupied. The bonding difference may be responsible for the alloying behavior in the two Laves phase alloys. As a result, alloy design schemes are suggested for enhanced deformability in Laves phases. RP Thoma, DJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-364-9 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 460 BP 689 EP 694 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJ28E UT WOS:A1997BJ28E00103 ER PT S AU Chen, KC Allen, SM Livingston, JD AF Chen, KC Allen, SM Livingston, JD BE Koch, CC Liu, CT Stoloff, NS Wanner, A TI Assessment of the compositional influences on the toughness of TiCr2-base Laves phase alloys SO HIGH-TEMPERATURE ORDERED INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS VII SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on High-Temperature Ordered Intermetallic Alloys VII CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Systematic studies of alloys based on TiCr2 have been performed in order to improve the toughness of Laves phase intermetallics. The extent to which alloy compositions and annealing treatments influence the toughness was quantified by Vickers indentation. The single-phase Laves behavior was first established by studying stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric TiCr2. Next, alloying effects were investigated with ternary Laves phases based on TiCr2. Different microstructures of two-phase alloys consisting of (Ti,Cr)-bcc+TiCr2 were also examined. Various toughening theories based on vacancies, site-substitutions, crystal structure (C14, C36, or C15) stabilization, and the presence of a second phase were evaluated. The most effective factors improving the toughness of TiCr2 were determined, and toughening mechanisms are suggested. RP Chen, KC (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,MS-G755,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-364-9 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 460 BP 695 EP 700 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BJ28E UT WOS:A1997BJ28E00104 ER PT S AU Blunt, DA Suits, AG AF Blunt, DA Suits, AG BE Mullin, AS Schatz, GC TI Photodissociation of ozone at 276 nm by photofragment imaging and high-resolution photofragment translational spectroscopy SO HIGHLY EXCITED MOLECULES: RELAXATION, REACTION, AND STRUCTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Highly Excited Molecules - Relaxation, Reaction, and Structure, at the 212th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 25-29, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc ID PHOTOLYSIS; OXYGEN AB The photodissociation of ozone at 276nm is investigated using both state resolved ion imaging and high-resolution photofragment translational spectroscopy. Ion images from both [3+1] and [2+1] resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization of the O(D-1) photofragment are reported. All images show strong evidence of O(D-1) orbital alignment. Photofragment translational spectroscopy time-of-flight spectra are reported for the O-2((1) Delta(g)) photofragment. Total kinetic energy release distributions determined from these spectra are generally consistent with those distributions determined from imaging data. Observed angular distributions are reported for both detection methods, pointing to some unresolved questions for ozone dissociation in this wavelength region. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Blunt, DA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3534-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1997 VL 678 BP 99 EP 106 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BK07P UT WOS:000071071400007 ER PT S AU Chesko, JD Lee, YT AF Chesko, JD Lee, YT BE Mullin, AS Schatz, GC TI Unimolecular decay of azabenzene: A mechanistic model based on pyrazine's photoreactive relaxation pathways SO HIGHLY EXCITED MOLECULES: RELAXATION, REACTION, AND STRUCTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Highly Excited Molecules - Relaxation, Reaction, and Structure, at the 212th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 25-29, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc ID TRIPLE DISSOCIATION; S-TETRAZINE; PHOTODISSOCIATION; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; DYNAMICS; STATE; NM AB Relaxation processes inducing chemical reactions are effective dissipation mechanisms for azabenzenes. Photofragment translational spectroscopy has characterized a rich variety of photodissociation products whose evolution follows the amount of internal energy available and the degree of nitrogen substitution. Although a diverse range of reactivity is observed, a reaction model consistent with orbital symmetry, radiationless transition theory and energetic constraints suggests both ground and excited state processes, including isomerization, ring opening and extensive rearrangement is presented. The partitioning of translational energy into the primary reaction product, HCN, results from several mechanisms including a retro-Diels-Alder concerted elimination and a stepwise, biradical pathway. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chesko, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Lab, MS K2-14,902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RI Lee, Yuan-Tseh/F-7914-2012 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3534-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1997 VL 678 BP 107 EP 120 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BK07P UT WOS:000071071400008 ER PT S AU Thompson, WH AF Thompson, WH BE Mullin, AS Schatz, GC TI Direct calculation of reactive thermal rate constants SO HIGHLY EXCITED MOLECULES: RELAXATION, REACTION, AND STRUCTURE SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Highly Excited Molecules - Relaxation, Reaction, and Structure, at the 212th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 25-29, 1996 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Chem Soc ID DISCRETE VARIABLE REPRESENTATION; TRANSITION-STATE THEORY; FLUX CORRELATION-FUNCTIONS; MECHANICAL RATE CONSTANTS; ARRANGEMENT DECOUPLING POTENTIALS; CUMULATIVE REACTION PROBABILITY; IMAGINARY ABSORBING POTENTIALS; H+H2O->H-2+OH REACTION; QUANTUM CALCULATIONS; DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM AB The thermal rate constant for a chemical reaction can be obtained directly (i.e., without first obtaining state-selected or energy-dependent quantities) as the time integral of the flux-flux autocorrelation function, C-ff(t) The correlation function, C-ff(t), can be calculated efficiently by taking advantage of the low rank of the Boltzmannized flux operator. In addition, including absorbing potentials in the time propagation eliminates unphysical reflection from the edge of the finite basis; the basis can then be drawn in to represent a smaller area around the interaction region. Application of this method to the D + H-2 reaction is presented. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Thompson, WH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Thompson, Ward/0000-0002-3636-6448 NR 81 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3534-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 1997 VL 678 BP 304 EP 318 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BK07P UT WOS:000071071400021 ER PT J AU Supek, S Aine, CJ AF Supek, S Aine, CJ TI Spatio-temporal modeling of neuromagnetic data .1. Multi-source location versus time-course estimation accuracy SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE magnetoencephalography; models, statistical; models, theoretical; numerical analysis, computer-assisted; data interpretation, statistical; signal processing, computer assisted ID SOURCE LOCALIZATION; DIPOLE; GENERATORS; SIMULATION AB Numerical simulations were conducted to examine multi-source spatio-temporal resolution for neuromagnetic field distributions ''measured'' by a large sensor array (i.e., 135). spatio-temporal field distributions were generated by a series of two-dipole and three-dipole configurations in which source locations, orientations, and temporal dynamics of individual sources were systematically varied to represent classes of cases of interest for neuromagnetic studies. The specific goals of our numerical simulations were to examine multi-source resolution and parameter estimation accuracy as a function of 1) specific multi-source configurations; 2) different time courses, i.e., degree of temporal correlation; 3) measurement noise; 4) spatio-temporal modeling strategy (i.e., sequential fitting of instantaneous field distributions, two-step spatio-temporal modeling); 5) source modeling assumptions associated with model order; and 6) effects of initial modeling assumptions (i.e., starting points for the nonlinear minimization procedure derived by MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC), sequential instantaneous fitting, and arbitrary selections). The ability to determine the number of active sources by different approaches is compared, and the consequences on the accuracy of estimated solutions for simulated data are discussed. In all cases, model adequacy was assessed using reduced chi-square as a measure of goodness-of-fit. The present simulations demonstrate that location estimation was more robust and accurate compared to the estimation of temporal dynamics of individual sources. Implications for spatio-temporal modeling of neuromagnetic empirical data are suggested. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,BIOPHYS GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV ZAGREB,FAC SCI,DEPT PHYS,ZAGREB 10000,CROATIA. NR 29 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1065-9471 J9 HUM BRAIN MAPP JI Hum. Brain Mapp. PY 1997 VL 5 IS 3 BP 139 EP 153 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1997)5:3<139::AID-HBM1>3.0.CO;2-4 PG 15 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XP161 UT WOS:A1997XP16100001 PM 20408212 ER PT J AU Supek, S Aine, CJ AF Supek, S Aine, CJ TI Spatio-temporal modeling of neuromagnetic data .2. Multi-source resolvability of a MUSIC-based location estimator SO HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING LA English DT Article DE magnetoencephalography; models, statistical; models, theoretical; numerical analysis, computer-assisted; data interpretation, statistical; signal processing, computer assisted ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SIMULATION; POTENTIALS AB A MUltiple SIgnal Classification-based (MUSIC) approach for neuromagnetic multi-source localization (Mosher ct al. [1992] (IEEE Trans Med Eng BME-39:541-557) was evaluated through numerical simulations and by applying it to visually evoked neuromagnetic responses. A series of two-dipole and three-dipole spatio-temporal data sz ere generated to examine effects of 1) source configurations, 2) temporal correlations, 3) noise, and 4) subspace dimensionality assumptions on the number of MUSIC metric maxima, their amplitudes, and how the resulting metric maxima locations relate to the actual source locations. Ln its present form, i.e., using simple one-dipole scanning over an assumed source subspace, MUSIC resulted either in 1) peaks sufficiently close to 1, but fewer than the actual number of sources which affected location estimation accuracy, or 2) the peaks were too low to qualify as source locations. Our simulations indicate difficulties in defining threshold values as to which peak values are close enough to 1 while avoiding significant type IS errors (i.e., accepting peaks which should not be interpreted as source locations). Modifications to the MUSIC approach are necessary in order for the method to be considered of practical value for reliably localizing multiple neuromagnetic sources in empirical cases in which a high degree of temporal correlation between sources is likely (e.g., visual data). (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, BIOPHYS GRP, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. UNIV ZAGREB, FAC SCI, DEPT PHYS, ZAGREB 10000, CROATIA. NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1065-9471 J9 HUM BRAIN MAPP JI Hum. Brain Mapp. PY 1997 VL 5 IS 3 BP 154 EP 167 PG 14 WC Neurosciences; Neuroimaging; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XP161 UT WOS:A1997XP16100002 PM 20408213 ER PT B AU McMakin, DL Sheen, DM Schur, A Harris, WM Piepel, GF AF McMakin, DL Sheen, DM Schur, A Harris, WM Piepel, GF BE Alyea, LA Hoglund, DE TI Initial test and evaluation of the millimeter-wave holographic surveillance system SO HUMAN DETECTION AND POSITIVE IDENTIFICATION: METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Human Detection and Positive Identification - Methods and Technologies CY NOV 19-21, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Off Natl Drug Control Policy, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Labs, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Harris Corp, MITRE Corp, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Idaho Natl Engn Lab, Natl Inst Justice, US Customs, fed Bur Investigat, Amer Soc Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, Calif Peace Officers Assoc, Natl Forens Sci Technol Ctr DE explosive detection; weapons detection AB A test and evaluation pilot study was conducted in January 1996 at Sea-Tac International Airport in Seattle, Washington to determine the initial effectiveness of the Millimeter-wave Holographic Weapons Surveillance System. This is a new personnel surveillance system for the detection of concealed metal, plastic, and ceramic weapons and other threatening materials. Two different frequency bands were used in the study: Ku band (12 - 18 GHz) and Ka band (27 - 33 GHz). Over 7000 Millimeter-wave (MM-wave) holographic images were obtained on 21 different models (10 male and 11 female). The 7000 images were used to produce simulated real-time surveillance system videos. The videos were constructed by obtaining 36 images of the models at 10 degree increments for 360 degree coverage. A library of two hundred videos were produced for this pilot study: 100 at Ku band and 100 at Ka band. The videos contained either a threat (firearm, knife or explosive) or no threat. The threats were concealed at different locations on the models. Various innocuous items and different clothing combinations were also used in the construction of these videos. Twenty-nine certified Sea-Tac screeners were used in the initial test and evaluation of this new surveillance technology. Each screener viewed 160 MM-wave videos: 80 Ku band and 80 Ka band. The ratio of non-threat to threat videos per band was three to one. Test and evaluation software was developed to collect data from the screeners online for the type and location of threat detected. The primary measures of screener performance used to evaluate this new technology included, the probability of detection, the probability of a false alarm, measures of screener sensitivity and bias, and threat detection time. RP McMakin, DL (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,POB 999,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2334-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 2932 BP 103 EP 114 DI 10.1117/12.265379 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH22C UT WOS:A1997BH22C00011 ER PT J AU Metting, FB Romine, MF AF Metting, FB Romine, MF TI Rapid sequencing of microbial genomes opens door to functional genomics SO HUMAN GENOME NEWS LA English DT Article RP Metting, FB (reprint author), PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU HUMAN GENOME MANAGE INF SYSTEM PI OAK RIDGE PA OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, 1060 COMMERCE PARK, OAK RIDGE, TN 37830 SN 1050-6101 J9 HUM GENOME NEWS JI Hum. Genome News PD JAN-JUN PY 1997 VL 8 IS 3-4 BP 1 EP & PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA XM423 UT WOS:A1997XM42300002 ER PT J AU Smith, DJ Rubin, EM AF Smith, DJ Rubin, EM TI Functional screening and complex traits: human 21q22.2 sequences affecting learning in mice SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID YEAST ARTIFICIAL CHROMOSOME; SYNDROME CRITICAL REGION; GERM-LINE TRANSMISSION; TRANSGENIC MICE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN-KINASE; EXPRESSION; GENE; MAP; LIPOPROTEIN(A) AB Libraries of the mammalian genome have generally been propagated in single cells and have been used for gene discovery through in vitro analyses, We have expanded upon this concept by the creation of panels of YAC transgenic mice propagating targeted megabase regions of the genome, Such a panel of mice can be called an 'in vivo library' and genes can be identified based on functional screens of members of the library, To test this approach, we created a 2 Mb in vivo library of human chromosome 21q22.2. Analysis of the library has revealed that one 570 kb YAC, in two separate founder lines, was associated with distinct learning deficits compared with the other 21q22 YAC transgenics and non-transgenic control animals, We have localized the gene on the YAC that causes the deficits by taking advantage of fragmentation of the YAC during the process of microinjection, The responsible gene is the human minibrain gene, and the homolog of the gene in Drosophila is also associated with learning defects, These results suggest that altered dosage of minibrain is associated with abnormal neural development in flies and mice and, in humans, may also be involved in the molecular pathology of Down syndrome. RP Smith, DJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME,BLDG 74,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 38 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PY 1997 VL 6 IS 10 BP 1729 EP 1733 DI 10.1093/hmg/6.10.1729 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA XV039 UT WOS:A1997XV03900014 PM 9300665 ER PT J AU Takayama, K Danks, DM Salazar, EP Cleaver, JE Weber, CA AF Takayama, K Danks, DM Salazar, EP Cleaver, JE Weber, CA TI DNA repair characteristics and mutations in the ERCC2 DNA repair and transcription gene in a trichothiodystrophy patient SO HUMAN MUTATION LA English DT Article DE DNA repair; trichothiodystrophy; ERCC2; XPD; mutations ID PIGMENTOSUM GROUP-D; COMPLEMENTATION GROUP-D; XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM; COCKAYNE-SYNDROME; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; DEFECT; CELLS; PHOTOPRODUCTS; PHENOTYPES; CLONING AB Patient TTD183ME is male and has typical trichothiodystrophy characteristics, including brittle hair, ichthyosis, characteristic face with receding chin and protruding ears, sun sensitivity, and mental and growth retardation, The relative amount of NER carried out by a TTD183ME fibroblast cell strain after ultraviolet (UV) exposure was similar to 65% of normal as determined by a method that converts repair patches into quantifiable DNA breaks. UV survival curves show a reduction in survival only at doses greater than 4 J/m(2), Nucleotide sequence analysis of the ERCC2 (XPD) DNA repair and transcription gene cDNA revealed both a Leu461-to-Val substitution and a deletion of amino acids 716-730 in one allele and an Ala725-to-Pro substitution in the other allele. The first allele has also been reported in one xeroderma pigmentosum group D patient and two other trichothiodystrophy patients, while the second allele has not been previously reported. Comparisons suggest that the mutation of Ala725 to Pro correlates with TTD with intermediate UV sensitivity. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,BIOL & BIOTECHNOL RES PROGRAM,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. ROYAL CHILDRENS HOSP,MURDOCH INST RES BIRTH DEFECTS,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA. VICTORIAN CLIN GENET SERV,PARKVILLE,VIC 3052,AUSTRALIA. UNIV CALIF SAN FRANCISCO,RADIOBIOL & ENVIRONM HLTH LAB,SAN FRANCISCO,CA 94143. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1059-7794 J9 HUM MUTAT JI Hum. Mutat. PY 1997 VL 9 IS 6 BP 519 EP 525 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA XB692 UT WOS:A1997XB69200004 PM 9195225 ER PT S AU Barnes, RG AF Barnes, RG BE Wipf, H TI Nuclear magnetic resonance in metal hydrogen systems SO HYDROGEN IN METALS III: PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS SE Topics in Applied Physics LA English DT Review ID SPIN-LATTICE-RELAXATION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; MEAN-FIELD-THEORY; SIMPLE HOPPING MODEL; PROTON KNIGHT-SHIFT; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TRANSLATIONAL DIFFUSION; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; QUADRUPOLAR RELAXATION; ZIRCONIUM DIHYDRIDES RP Barnes, RG (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV SCI & TECHNOL, AMES LAB, DIV SOLID STATE PHYS, AMES, IA 50011 USA. NR 264 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 BN 3-540-61639-X J9 TOP APPL PHYS JI Top. Appl. Phys. PY 1997 VL 73 BP 93 EP 151 PG 59 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BH86G UT WOS:A1997BH86G00004 ER PT J AU Holzscheiter, MH Bendiscioli, G Bertin, A Bollen, G Bruschi, M Cesar, C Charlton, M Corradini, M DePedis, D Doser, M Eades, J Fedele, R Feng, X Galluccio, F Goldman, T Hangst, JS Hayano, R Horvath, D Hughes, RJ King, NSP Kirsebom, K Knudsen, H Lagomarsino, V Landua, R Laricchia, G Lewis, RA LodiRizzini, E Macri, M Manuzio, G Marconi, U Masullo, MR Merrison, JP Moller, SP Morgan, GL Nieto, MM Piccinini, M Poggiani, R Rotondi, A Rouleau, G Salvini, P SempriniCesari, N Smith, GA Surko, CM Testera, G Torelli, G Uggerhoj, E Vaccaro, VG Venturelli, L Vitale, A Widmann, E Yamazaki, T Yamazaki, Y Zanello, D Zoccoli, A AF Holzscheiter, MH Bendiscioli, G Bertin, A Bollen, G Bruschi, M Cesar, C Charlton, M Corradini, M DePedis, D Doser, M Eades, J Fedele, R Feng, X Galluccio, F Goldman, T Hangst, JS Hayano, R Horvath, D Hughes, RJ King, NSP Kirsebom, K Knudsen, H Lagomarsino, V Landua, R Laricchia, G Lewis, RA LodiRizzini, E Macri, M Manuzio, G Marconi, U Masullo, MR Merrison, JP Moller, SP Morgan, GL Nieto, MM Piccinini, M Poggiani, R Rotondi, A Rouleau, G Salvini, P SempriniCesari, N Smith, GA Surko, CM Testera, G Torelli, G Uggerhoj, E Vaccaro, VG Venturelli, L Vitale, A Widmann, E Yamazaki, T Yamazaki, Y Zanello, D Zoccoli, A TI Antihydrogen production and precision experiments - The ATHENA collaboration SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Antimatter Gravity and Antihydrogen Spectroscopy CY MAY 19-25, 1996 CL SEPINO, ITALY ID ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; RYDBERG CONSTANT; 1S-2S TRANSITION; COMBINED TRAP; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC TRAP; LAMB SHIFT; ANTIPROTONS; POSITRONIUM; COLLISIONS AB The study of CPT invariance with the highest achievable precision in all particle sectors is of fundamental importance for physics. Equally important is the question of the gravitational acceleration of antimatter. In recent years, impressive progress has been achieved at the Low Energy Antiproton Ring (LEAR) at CERN in capturing antiprotons in specially designed Penning traps, in cooling them to energies of a few milli-electron volts, and in storing them for hours in a small volume of space. Positrons have been accumulated in large numbers in similar traps, and low energy positron or positronium beams have been generated. Finally, steady progress has been made in trapping and cooling neutral atoms. Thus the ingredients to form antihydrogen at rest are at hand. We propose to investigate the different methods to form antihydrogen at low energy, and to utilize the best of these methods to capture a number of antihydrogen atoms sufficient for spectroscopic studies in a magnetostatic trap. Once antihydrogen atoms have been captured at low energy, spectroscopic methods fan be applied to interrogate their atomic structure with extremely high precision and compare it to its normal matter counterpart, the hydrogen atom. Especially the 1S-2S transition, with a lifetime of the excited state of 122 ms and thereby a natural linewidth of 5 parts in 10(16) offers in principle the possibility to directly compare matter and antimatter properties at a level of 1 part in 10(18). Additionally, comparison of the gravitational masses of hydrogen and antihydrogen, using either ballistic or spectroscopic methods, can provide direct experimental tests of the Weak Equivalence Principle for antimatter at a high precision. C1 UNIV PAVIA, I-27100 PAVIA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-27100 PAVIA, ITALY. UNIV BOLOGNA, BOLOGNA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-40126 BOLOGNA, ITALY. CERN, CH-1211 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND. ESCOLA TECN FED CEARA, BR-60040531 FORTALEZA, CEARA, BRAZIL. UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL, DEPT PHYS & ASTRON, LONDON WC1E 6BT, ENGLAND. UNIV BRESCIA, BRESCIA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, BRESCIA, ITALY. UNIV ROMA LA SAPIENZA, ROME, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, ROME, ITALY. UNIV NAPLES, I-80125 NAPLES, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-80125 NAPLES, ITALY. AARHUS UNIV, INST PHYS & ASTRON, DK-8000 AARHUS C, DENMARK. UNIV TOKYO, TOKYO, JAPAN. UNIV GENOA, I-16146 GENOA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-16146 GENOA, ITALY. PENN STATE UNIV, UNIVERSITY PK, PA 16802 USA. UNIV PISA, I-56100 PISA, ITALY. IST NAZL FIS NUCL, I-56100 PISA, ITALY. UNIV CALIF SAN DIEGO, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA. RP LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, POB 1663, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RI Widmann, Eberhard/G-2545-2011; Marconi, Umberto/J-2263-2012; Hayano, Ryugo/F-7889-2012; Yamazaki, Yasunori/N-8018-2015; Fedele, Renato/I-6689-2012; Horvath, Dezso/A-4009-2011; OI Widmann, Eberhard/0000-0003-0486-6023; Marconi, Umberto/0000-0002-5055-7224; Hayano, Ryugo/0000-0002-1214-7806; Yamazaki, Yasunori/0000-0001-5712-0853; Fedele, Renato/0000-0003-3130-0287; merrison, jonathan/0000-0003-4362-6356; Rotondi, Alberto/0000-0003-1921-6808 NR 117 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 109 IS 1-4 BP 1 EP 32 DI 10.1023/A:1012628711418 PG 32 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XQ604 UT WOS:A1997XQ60400003 ER PT J AU Jackson, GP AF Jackson, GP TI An intense source of antiprotons for antimatter research at FNAL SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Antimatter Gravity and Antihydrogen Spectroscopy CY MAY 19-25, 1996 CL SEPINO, ITALY AB There is considerable interest in low energy antiprotons for atomic, nuclear, and particle physics. The LEAR facility at CERN is currently the only source of antiprotons with low enough energy to be stored and accumulated in a Penning trap. With only minimal hardware modifications, the Fermilab Linac and Booster synchrotron can be used to decelerate an initial ensemble of 10(11) antiprotons with an efficiency of approximately 0.5%. Subsequent improvements will be able to increase this efficiency to near 100% transmission of 10(12) antiprotons. These transfers could take place as often as two or three times a day with only a marginal decrease in Tevatron Collider luminosity. RP Jackson, GP (reprint author), FERMILAB NATL ACCELERATOR LAB,POB 500,MS 345,BATAVIA,IL 60510, USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 109 IS 1-4 BP 53 EP 61 DI 10.1023/A:1012684829165 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XQ604 UT WOS:A1997XQ60400006 ER PT J AU Feng, X Holzscheiter, MH Charlton, M Hangst, J King, NSP Lewis, RA Rochet, J Yamazaki, Y AF Feng, X Holzscheiter, MH Charlton, M Hangst, J King, NSP Lewis, RA Rochet, J Yamazaki, Y TI Capture and cooling of antiprotons SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Antimatter Gravity and Antihydrogen Spectroscopy CY MAY 19-25, 1996 CL SEPINO, ITALY AB Approximately one million antiprotons have been captured at a few keV in a half meter long cylindrical Penning trap from a single, fast extracted pulse of antiprotons at the Low Energy Antiproton Ring (LEAR) at CERN. By electron cooling more than 65% were collected in a harmonic Penning trap. Here they can be confined for more than three hours. This is one of the first important steps towards the synthesis of antihydrogen at rest for tests of CPT. C1 AARHUS UNIV,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,DK-8000 AARHUS,DENMARK. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV PHYS,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV LONDON UNIV COLL,DEPT PHYS & ASTRON,LONDON WC1E 6BT,ENGLAND. PENN STATE UNIV,OSMOND LAB,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802. UNIV TOKYO,INST PHYS,TOKYO 153,JAPAN. RI Yamazaki, Yasunori/N-8018-2015 OI Yamazaki, Yasunori/0000-0001-5712-0853 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 109 IS 1-4 BP 145 EP 152 DI 10.1023/A:1012601300032 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XQ604 UT WOS:A1997XQ60400014 ER PT J AU Lewis, RA Smith, GA Howe, SD AF Lewis, RA Smith, GA Howe, SD TI Antiproton portable traps and medical applications SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Antimatter Gravity and Antihydrogen Spectroscopy CY MAY 19-25, 1996 CL SEPINO, ITALY ID THERAPY AB Several medical applications utilizing antiprotons stored and transported in a portable Penning trap are considered. These include production of radioisotopes for PET, radiography and radiotherapy. Specifications of a portable antiproton trap suitable for this work are discussed, and progress on the development of such a trap is reported. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Lewis, RA (reprint author), PENN STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,UNIVERSITY PK,PA 16802, USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 109 IS 1-4 BP 155 EP 164 DI 10.1023/A:1012653416870 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XQ604 UT WOS:A1997XQ60400015 ER PT J AU Stohlker, T Reich, H Beckert, K Bosch, F Gallus, A Eickhoff, H Franzke, B Kandler, T Klepper, O Kozhuharov, C Menzel, G Mokler, PH Nolden, F Prinz, HT Spadtke, P Steck, M Winkler, T Dunford, RW Rymuza, P Ludziejewski, T Stachura, Z Swiat, P Warczak, A AF Stohlker, T Reich, H Beckert, K Bosch, F Gallus, A Eickhoff, H Franzke, B Kandler, T Klepper, O Kozhuharov, C Menzel, G Mokler, PH Nolden, F Prinz, HT Spadtke, P Steck, M Winkler, T Dunford, RW Rymuza, P Ludziejewski, T Stachura, Z Swiat, P Warczak, A TI First experiment with decelerated bare uranium ions conducted at the ESR storage ring SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Euroconference on Atomic Physics with Stored Highly Charged Ions CY JUN 03-07, 1996 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Royal Swedish Acad Sci ID HYDROGENLIKE URANIUM AB The deceleration capabilities of the ESR have been used for the first time in a dedicated ground state QED experiment conducted at the gasjet target of the ring. By decelerating bare uranium ions from 358 MeV/u down to energies of as low as 49 MeV/u, X-ray spectra have been obtained which provide an abundant yield of characteristic X-ray transitions, The experiment demonstrates that, by choosing the appropriate beam energy and gasjet target, almost all excited projectile states can be selectively populated. Moreover, the experiment provides the first data for beam lifetimes of stored decelerated high-Z ions. Such data are essential for the design of future experiments dealing with decelerated ion beams far below 50 MeV/u. C1 GSI DARMSTADT,D-64220 DARMSTADT,GERMANY. ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. INST NUCL PHYS,OTWOCK,POLAND. INST NUCL PHYS,KRAKOW,POLAND. KRAKOW TECH UNIV,PL-31155 KRAKOW,POLAND. RP Stohlker, T (reprint author), INST KERNPHYS,AUGUST EULER STR 6,D-60486 FRANKFURT,GERMANY. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 108 IS 1-3 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.1023/A:1012669503724 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XE447 UT WOS:A1997XE44700004 ER PT J AU Widmann, K Beiersdorfer, P LopezUrrutia, JRC Elliott, SR AF Widmann, K Beiersdorfer, P LopezUrrutia, JRC Elliott, SR TI Spectroscopy at the high-energy electron beam ion trap (SuperEBIT) SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Euroconference on Atomic Physics with Stored Highly Charged Ions CY JUN 03-07, 1996 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Royal Swedish Acad Sci ID X-RAY SPECTROMETER; LAMB-SHIFT; POLARIZATION CONTRIBUTION; 2S(1/2)-2P(3/2) LEVELS; NUCLEAR-POLARIZATION; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; URANIUM; HYDROGENLIKE; HO-165; STATES AB The following progress report presents some of the X-ray measurements performed during the last year on the Livermore SuperEBIT facility. The measurements include: direct observation of the spontaneous emission of the hyperfine transition in ground state hydrogenlike holmium, Ho-165(66+); measurements of the n = 2 --> 2 transition energies in neonlike thorium, Th80+, through lithiumlike thorium, Th87+, testing the predictions of quantum electrodynamical contributions in high-Z ions down to the 0.4% level; measurements of the isotope shift of the n = 2 --> 2 transition energies between lithiumlike through carbonlike uranium, (233)U(89+...86+)and U-238(89+... 86+), inferring the variation of the mean-square nuclear charge radius; and high-resolution measurements of the K-alpha radiation of heliumlike xenon, Xe52+, using a transmission-type crystal spectrometer, resolving for the first time the 1s2p(3)P(1)--> 1s(21)S(0) and 1s2s(3)S(1)--> 1s(21)S(0) transitions individually. C1 GRAZ TECH UNIV,INST EXPT PHYS,A-8010 GRAZ,AUSTRIA. UNIV WASHINGTON,DEPT PHYS,SEATTLE,WA 98195. RP Widmann, K (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. RI Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./F-7069-2011 OI Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, Jose R./0000-0002-2937-8037 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 108 IS 1-3 BP 73 EP 86 DI 10.1023/A:1012677705541 PG 14 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XE447 UT WOS:A1997XE44700008 ER PT J AU Steiger, J Church, DA Weinberg, G Beck, BR McDonald, J Schneider, D AF Steiger, J Church, DA Weinberg, G Beck, BR McDonald, J Schneider, D TI Observation of sequential electron capture to individual highly-charged Th ions SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Euroconference on Atomic Physics with Stored Highly Charged Ions CY JUN 03-07, 1996 CL STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SP Royal Swedish Acad Sci ID CROSS-SECTIONS; COLLISIONS AB Electron transfer from H-2 to Th79+ was studied in a cryogenic Penning trap by nondestructively observing the sequential development with time of the charge state of one or a few stored particles. The ratio of the true double capture cross section to the total capture cross section was found to be 0.21 +/- 0.11 at a mean center-of-mass energy near 6 eV. C1 TEXAS A&M UNIV,DEPT PHYS,COLLEGE STN,TX 77843. RP Steiger, J (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 3 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 108 IS 1-3 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1023/A:1012686007359 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XE447 UT WOS:A1997XE44700012 ER PT J AU Cox, SFJ Fuchslin, R Meier, PF Estle, TL Cooke, DW MorrobelSosa, A Lichti, RL Hitti, B Cottrell, SP Chow, KH Schwab, C AF Cox, SFJ Fuchslin, R Meier, PF Estle, TL Cooke, DW MorrobelSosa, A Lichti, RL Hitti, B Cottrell, SP Chow, KH Schwab, C TI Muon level crossing resonance in niobium SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation, Resonance CY APR 15-19, 1996 CL NIKKO, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Meson Sci Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Muon Sci Lab ID HYDROGEN AB A useful guide to detecting quadrupole level crossing resonance (QLCR) spectra is to search in the vicinity of B-E.(gamma(n)/gamma(mu)), where B-E is the onset magnetic field for the decoupling of the quadrupole interaction, as seen in muon spin rotation linewidths. More detailed predictions of the positions and intensities of the resonances require numerical simulations taking account of the local geometry of the muon site. We present such simulations for muons adjacent to nuclei of spin 9/2 and demonstrate a pronounced dependence on the anisotropy of the quadrupole coupling tenser. Simulations for the specific cases of muons located at the octahedral and tetrahedral interstices in niobium metal are compared with the experimentally detected spectrum in a polycrystalline sample. C1 UCL, DEPT PHYS, LONDON WC1T 6BT, ENGLAND. UNIV ZURICH, INST PHYS, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND. RICE UNIV, HOUSTON, TX 77251 USA. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, LOS ALAMOS, NM USA. CALIF POLYTECH STATE UNIV SAN LUIS OBISPO, SAN LUIS OBISPO, CA 93407 USA. TEXAS TECH UNIV, LUBBOCK, TX 79409 USA. TRIUMF, VANCOUVER, BC V6T 2A3, CANADA. UNIV OXFORD, CLARENDON LAB, OXFORD OX1 3PU, ENGLAND. CNRS, PHASE, F-67037 STRASBOURG, FRANCE. RP RUTHERFORD APPLETON LAB, ISIS FACIL, DIDCOT OX11 0QX, OXON, ENGLAND. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 106 IS 1-4 BP 57 EP 62 DI 10.1023/A:1012661017894 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XB055 UT WOS:A1997XB05500008 ER PT J AU Heffner, RH Le, LP Nieuwenhuys, GJ Maclaughlin, DE Amato, A Baines, C AF Heffner, RH Le, LP Nieuwenhuys, GJ Maclaughlin, DE Amato, A Baines, C TI In-situ temperature calibration below 1 K using the mu(+) Knight shift in CMN SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation, Resonance CY APR 15-19, 1996 CL NIKKO, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Meson Sci Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Muon Sci Lab AB We present mu(+) paramagnetic shift measurements between 12 K and about 65 mK in cerium magnesium nitrate (CMN) to investigate its utility as an in-situ temperature calibration source for low temperature mu SR experiments. CMN is a salt which exhibits Curie-law susceptibility to temperatures as low as 5 mK. The mu(+) Knight shift is measured to be -(1.46 +/- 0.03) x 10(-3)/T + (0.004 +/- 0.02) x 10(-3), corresponding to a transferred hyperfine field of -39 Oe/mu(B). C1 LEIDEN UNIV,KAMERLINGH ONNES LAB,NL-2300 RA LEIDEN,NETHERLANDS. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. ETH ZURICH,CH-5232 VILLIGEN,SWITZERLAND. PAUL SCHERRER INST,CH-5232 VILLIGEN,SWITZERLAND. RP Heffner, RH (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,MS K764,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Amato, Alex/H-7674-2013 OI Amato, Alex/0000-0001-9963-7498 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 106 IS 1-4 BP 271 EP 275 DI 10.1023/A:1012622831524 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XB055 UT WOS:A1997XB05500038 ER PT J AU Shen, ZX Harris, JM Loeser, AG AF Shen, ZX Harris, JM Loeser, AG TI Excitation gap in the normal and superconducting state of underdoped Bi2Sr2Ca1-xDyxCu2O8+delta thin film and single crystals SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation, Resonance CY APR 15-19, 1996 CL NIKKO, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Meson Sci Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Muon Sci Lab ID HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; VALENCE BOND STATE; MEAN-FIELD-THEORY; FERMI-SURFACE; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; BI2SR2CACU2O8+DELTA; SCATTERING; BEHAVIOR; CUPRATE; PHASE AB We summarize photoemission data from underdoped Bi2Sr2Ca1-xDyxCu2O8+delta that revealed anomalous properties: i) We observed an excitation gap in the normal state of underdoped samples, and this normal state gap closes in overdoped samples; ii) The normal state gap has similar magnitude and momentum dependence as the superconducting gap, which is consistent with a d(x2-y2) order parameter; iii) The normal state gap persists to a temperature range much higher than T-c; iv) The superconducting gap in the underdoped regime does not scale with T-c. These results are consistent with theoretical models that suggest the underdoped regime can be characterized by two temperatures, a mean-field temperature below which there is pairing, and a lower superconducting transition temperature at which the pairs become phase coherent. C1 STANFORD UNIV,STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94305. RP Shen, ZX (reprint author), STANFORD UNIV,DEPT APPL PHYS,STANFORD,CA 94305, USA. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 105 IS 1-4 BP 13 EP 25 DI 10.1023/A:1012645725221 PG 13 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XB054 UT WOS:A1997XB05400002 ER PT J AU Scheuermann, R Schimmele, L Schmidl, J Seeger, A Stammler, T Haller, EE Herlach, D Major, J AF Scheuermann, R Schimmele, L Schmidl, J Seeger, A Stammler, T Haller, EE Herlach, D Major, J TI Muon state dynamics in germanium and silicon SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation, Resonance CY APR 15-19, 1996 CL NIKKO, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Meson Sci Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Muon Sci Lab ID SPIN-RESONANCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; TRANSITIONS; HYDROGEN; SI AB The dynamics of the various muon states (paramagnetic states muonium Mu and anomalous muonium Mu*, diamagnetic states mu(d)) were studied by means of radio-frequency mu(+) spin resonance (RF mu SR), longitudinal field-quenching (LFQ), and transverse mu(+) spin rotation (TF mu SR) in an undoped high-purity and a gallium-doped germanium single crystal in the temperature range 3.5-320 K. In boron-doped Si the influence of photo-induced charge carriers leads to muon state dynamics which is fundamentally different from the one observed if majority carriers are generated thermally. LFQ measurements have been performed in the temperature range 55-320 K in order to study these dynamic processes. C1 MAX PLANCK INST MET RES,INST PHYS,D-70569 STUTTGART,GERMANY. UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,BERKELEY,CA 94720. LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. PAUL SCHERRER INST,CH-5232 VILLIGEN,SWITZERLAND. RP Scheuermann, R (reprint author), UNIV STUTTGART,INST THEORET & ANGEW PHYS,PFAFFENWALDRING 57,D-70569 STUTTGART,GERMANY. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 105 IS 1-4 BP 357 EP 362 DI 10.1023/A:1012692430190 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XB054 UT WOS:A1997XB05400049 ER PT J AU Heffner, RH Le, LP Hundley, MF Neumeier, JJ Luke, GM Kojima, K Nachumi, B Uemura, YJ Maclaughlin, DE Cheong, SW AF Heffner, RH Le, LP Hundley, MF Neumeier, JJ Luke, GM Kojima, K Nachumi, B Uemura, YJ Maclaughlin, DE Cheong, SW TI Zero-field mu+SR study of the colossal magnetoresistance material La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation, Resonance CY APR 15-19, 1996 CL NIKKO, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Meson Sci Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Muon Sci Lab ID MUON SPIN RELAXATION; LOW-TEMPERATURE; LA1-XCAXMNO3; RESISTIVITY; FERROMAGNET; FILMS; SR AB Zero-field mu(+)SR and resistivity experiments on La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 powder show that the ferromagnetic transition temperature (T-C = 274 K) and resistivity peak temperature coincide to within 1 K, about 10 K higher than T-C determined from the bulk magnetization. The sublattice magnetization nu(mu)(T) is well described for T less than or equal to T-C by (1 - T/T-C)(beta), where beta = 0.345 +/- 0.015. Unusual relaxation dynamics suggest a wide distribution of Mn-ion correlation times. These results are discussed in terms of the effects of polarons on the spin and charge dynamics. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10027. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. AT&T BELL LABS,MURRAY HILL,NJ 07974. RP Heffner, RH (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Luke, Graeme/A-9094-2010; OI Luke, Graeme/0000-0003-4762-1173 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 104 IS 1-4 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1023/A:1012634600689 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XB053 UT WOS:A1997XB05300007 ER PT J AU Le, LP Heffner, RH Thompson, JD Nieuwenhuys, GJ Maclaughlin, DE Canfield, PC Cho, BK Amato, A Feyerherm, R Gygax, FN Schenck, A AF Le, LP Heffner, RH Thompson, JD Nieuwenhuys, GJ Maclaughlin, DE Canfield, PC Cho, BK Amato, A Feyerherm, R Gygax, FN Schenck, A TI mu SR studies of borocarbides SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation, Resonance CY APR 15-19, 1996 CL NIKKO, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Meson Sci Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Muon Sci Lab ID SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; HONI2B2C AB The muon-spin-relaxation technique has been utilized to characterize the magnetic properties of the borocarbide compounds RNi2B2C (R = Tm, Er, Ho and Dy), which exhibit coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism. Some general features of their magnetic ground-state and unusual results obtained in the Ho, Tm and Dy systems are discussed. C1 LEIDEN UNIV,KAMERLINGH ONNES LAB,NL-2300 RA LEIDEN,NETHERLANDS. UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT PHYS,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011. IOWA STATE UNIV,DEPT PHYS,AMES,IA 50011. ETH ZURICH,INST PARTICLE PHYS,CH-5232 VILLIGEN,SWITZERLAND. RP Le, LP (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS-K764,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Feyerherm, Ralf/F-5487-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; Amato, Alex/H-7674-2013 OI Feyerherm, Ralf/0000-0003-3034-4210; Amato, Alex/0000-0001-9963-7498 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 104 IS 1-4 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1023/A:1012690718436 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XB053 UT WOS:A1997XB05300010 ER PT J AU Le, LP Heffner, RH Maclaughlin, DE Kojima, K Luke, GM Nachumi, B Uemura, YJ Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z AF Le, LP Heffner, RH Maclaughlin, DE Kojima, K Luke, GM Nachumi, B Uemura, YJ Sarrao, JL Fisk, Z TI mu SR studies of Li-doped La2CuO4 SO HYPERFINE INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation, Resonance CY APR 15-19, 1996 CL NIKKO, JAPAN SP Univ Tokyo, Meson Sci Lab, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Muon Sci Lab ID SPIN; LA2CU1-XLIXO4; LA2-XSRXCUO4; RELAXATION; CHARGE AB Magnetic properties of the Li-doped cuprates La2Cu1-xLixO4 (where x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.45, and 0.50) have been studied by mu SR. For low Li concentrations (x less than or equal to 0.10) we find a rapid suppression of T-N as x increases, but little change in the magnitude and temperature dependence of the AFM order parameter. This indicates that Li doping effectively destroys AFM (similar to Sr doping, but different from Zn doping) without strongly affecting the onsite Cu moments and the shape of the spinwave excitation spectrum. For high Li concentrations we find magnetic clusters in about 15% of the sample volume; the remaining volume is non-magnetic, suggesting possible singlet-state formation. C1 UNIV CALIF RIVERSIDE,DEPT PHYS,RIVERSIDE,CA 92521. COLUMBIA UNIV,DEPT PHYS,NEW YORK,NY 10027. NATL HIGH MAGNET FIELD LAB,TALLAHASSEE,FL 32306. RP Le, LP (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS-K764,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Luke, Graeme/A-9094-2010; OI Luke, Graeme/0000-0003-4762-1173 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BALTZER SCI PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA ASTERWEG 1A, 1031 HL AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3843 J9 HYPERFINE INTERACT JI Hyperfine Interact. PY 1997 VL 104 IS 1-4 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1023/A:1012655105232 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA XB053 UT WOS:A1997XB05300017 ER PT S AU Boening, HJ Schwartzenberg, JW Willinger, LJ Piccone, DE Lopez, DA Smolleck, HA AF Boening, HJ Schwartzenberg, JW Willinger, LJ Piccone, DE Lopez, DA Smolleck, HA GP IEEE TI Design and testing of high power, repetitively pulsed, solid-state closing switches SO IAS '97 - CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 1997 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE / THIRTY-SECOND IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference / 32nd IAS Annual Meeting CY OCT 05-09, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE, Ind Appl Soc AB Pulsed power physics experiments often require high-power, repetitively pulsed closing switches. Traditionally, ignitrons have been used in these applications when medium high voltage, high current switches are required. The availability of high power thyristors now provides the designer with the tool to install a switch based on solid-state technology. The solid-state switches show promise for low frequency, repetitively pulsed closing switches in medium voltage systems to a voltage rating of a few tens of kV and for currents to a few hundred kA. This paper presents a procedure for designing repetitively pulsed closing switches. Starting with the expected lifetime of the switch and taking the cyclic stress loading into account, all other critical design parameters are evaluated when designing a solid-state device to its full capability without overstressing the device. Based on the procedure, the preliminary design of a 12.5 kV, 80 kA, 3 ms, 2 Hz switch is presented. Experimental results for a 73 kA, 7 ms, 11 kV, air-cooled switch are given. The paper concludes with comments about the pulsed power capability of 125 mm thyristors. Test results of a 180 kA/800 mu s current pulse with a di/dt value of 1200 A/mu s are included. RP Boening, HJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS E536,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-4067-1 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 1997 BP 1022 EP 1028 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71S UT WOS:A1997BJ71S00141 ER PT S AU Peng, FZ McKeever, JW Adams, DJ AF Peng, FZ McKeever, JW Adams, DJ GP IEEE TI A power line conditioner using cascade multilevel inverters for distribution systems SO IAS '97 - CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 1997 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE / THIRTY-SECOND IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference / 32nd IAS Annual Meeting CY OCT 05-09, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE, Ind Appl Soc AB A power line conditioner (PLC) using cascade multilevel inverter is presented for voltage regulation, reactive power (var) compensation and harmonic filtering in this paper. The cascade M-level inverter consist of (M-1)/2 H-bridges in which each bridge has its own separate dc source. This new inverter (1) can generate almost sinusoidal waveform voltage with only one time switching per line cycle, (2) can eliminate transformers of multipulse inverters used in the conventional static var compensators, and (3) makes possible direct connection to the 13.8 kV power distribution system in parallel and series without any transformer. In other words, the power line conditioner is much more efficient and more suitable to var compensation and harmonic filtering of distribution systems than traditional multipulse and pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters. It has been shown that the new inverter is specially suited for var compensation. This paper focuses on feasibility and control schemes of the cascade inverter for voltage regulation and harmonic filtering in distribution systems. Analytical, simulated, and experimental results show the superiority of the new power line conditioner. RP Peng, FZ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,ENGN TECHNOL DIV,POB 2009,BLDG 9104-2,MS 8058,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-4067-1 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 1997 BP 1316 EP 1321 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71S UT WOS:A1997BJ71S00183 ER PT S AU Schillig, JB Boenig, HJ Ferner, JA Quissek, MK Bogdan, F Linhofer, GO Eichler, M Kasper, G Marek, RP Martin, JR AF Schillig, JB Boenig, HJ Ferner, JA Quissek, MK Bogdan, F Linhofer, GO Eichler, M Kasper, G Marek, RP Martin, JR GP IEEE TI Design and testing of a 320 MW pulsed power supply SO IAS '97 - CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE 1997 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE / THIRTY-SECOND IAS ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1-3 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Industry Applications Conference / 32nd IAS Annual Meeting CY OCT 05-09, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE, Ind Appl Soc AB For a 60 Tesla, 100 millisecond long pulse magnet five 64 MW (87.6 MVA) power converter modules have been installed. Each module provides a no-load voltage of 4.18 kV and a full load voltage of 3.20 kV at the rated current of 20 kA. The modules are connected to a 1430 MVA/650 MJ inertial energy storage generator set, which is operated at 21 kV and frequencies between 60 and 42 Hz. They are designed to provide the rated power output for 2 seconds once every hour. Each module consists of two 21 kV/3.1 kV cast coil transformers and two 6-pulse rectifiers connected in parallel without an interphase reactor, forming a 12-pulse converter module. As far as possible standard high power industrial converter components were used, operated closer to their allowable limits. The converters are controlled by three programmable high speed controllers. In this paper the design of the pulsed converts, including control and special considerations for protection schemes with the converts supplying a mutually coupled magnet system, is detailed. Test results of the converts driving an ohmic-inductive load for 2 seconds at 20 kA and 3.2 kV are presented. RP Schillig, JB (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS E536,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 0197-2618 BN 0-7803-4067-1 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 1997 BP 1600 EP 1607 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ71S UT WOS:A1997BJ71S00219 ER PT B AU Sholander, P Autry, C Owen, H AF Sholander, P Autry, C Owen, H GP IEEE TI Mapping wander in SONET/SDH adaptive threshold modulation pointer processors SO ICC'97: 1997 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS - TOWARDS THE KNOWLEDGE MILLENNIUM, CONFERENCE RECORD - VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE International Conference on Communications - Towards the Knowledge Millennium (ICC 97) CY JUN 08-12, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Commun Soc AB There are three types of pointer processors in Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) networks: traditional fixed threshold, unuform and adaptive threshold modulation. Fixed threshold pointer processors produce gapped pointer sequences as a result of the periodic effects of the SONET/SDH overhead bytes. These gapped pointer sequences cause wander when SONET/SDH carries PDH payloads. Uniform pointer processors smooth the gapped pointer sequences caused by the STM-N, AU and TU overhead bytes. Adaptive Threshold Modulation Pointer Processors (ATM-PPs) can also exhibit gapped pointer effects. This paper compares the wander from a gapped ATM-PP and the wander from a proposed uniform ATM-PP. The results indicate that this novel technique reduces wander. RP Sholander, P (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3926-6 PY 1997 BP 1587 EP 1591 PG 5 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BJ13Y UT WOS:A1997BJ13Y00302 ER PT B AU Ji, HT Yamada, M Hsu, S Carter, T AF Ji, HT Yamada, M Hsu, S Carter, T BE Sugai, H Hayashi, T TI Magnetic reconnection during double annular plasma merging in MRX SO ICPP 96 CONTRIBUTED PAPERS - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA PHYSICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Conference on Plasma Physics (ICPP 96) CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Natl Inst Fus Sci, Aichi Prefectural Govt, City Nagoya, Fus Sci Assoc, Future Energy Assoc, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Inertial Confinement Fus Forum, Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Japan Atom Ind Forum Inc, Minist Educ Sci Sports & Culture, Japan, Union Raidio Sci Int RP Ji, HT (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN SOCIETY PLASMA SCIENCE &NUCLEAR FUSION RESEARCH PI NAGOYA 460 PA PUBLICATION OFFICE TOSHO BLDG NISHIKI, NAKA-KU, NAGOYA 460 JAPAN PY 1997 BP 554 EP 557 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BJ97W UT WOS:A1997BJ97W00139 ER PT B AU Yamada, M Ji, HT Carter, T Hsu, S Ono, Y AF Yamada, M Ji, HT Carter, T Hsu, S Ono, Y BE Sugai, H Hayashi, T TI MRX device for magnetic reconnection experiment and compact toroid research SO ICPP 96 CONTRIBUTED PAPERS - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1996 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PLASMA PHYSICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1996 International Conference on Plasma Physics (ICPP 96) CY SEP 09-13, 1996 CL NAGOYA, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Plasma Sci & Nucl Fus Res, Natl Inst Fus Sci, Aichi Prefectural Govt, City Nagoya, Fus Sci Assoc, Future Energy Assoc, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Inertial Confinement Fus Forum, Japan Atom Energy Res Inst, Japan Atom Ind Forum Inc, Minist Educ Sci Sports & Culture, Japan, Union Raidio Sci Int RP Yamada, M (reprint author), PRINCETON UNIV,PLASMA PHYS LAB,POB 451,PRINCETON,NJ 08543, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JAPAN SOCIETY PLASMA SCIENCE &NUCLEAR FUSION RESEARCH PI NAGOYA 460 PA PUBLICATION OFFICE TOSHO BLDG NISHIKI, NAKA-KU, NAGOYA 460 JAPAN PY 1997 BP 558 EP 561 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Engineering; Physics GA BJ97W UT WOS:A1997BJ97W00140 ER PT B AU Loubriel, GM Zutavern, FJ Ruebush, MH Brown, DJ O'Malley, MW Helgeson, WD Prasad, RR Tzonev, IV Gensler, SW Qi, NS Krishnan, M AF Loubriel, GM Zutavern, FJ Ruebush, MH Brown, DJ O'Malley, MW Helgeson, WD Prasad, RR Tzonev, IV Gensler, SW Qi, NS Krishnan, M GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Diamond switches for high temperature electronics SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB This paper presents the results of switching voltages of 500 V and currents of 10 A using chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond as a switching material. The switching is performed by using an electron beam that penetrates the diamond, creates electron hole pairs, and lowers its resistivity to about 20 Omega-cm and its resistance to about 4 Omega. Tests were performed at room temperature but in a configuration that allows for 250 C. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Loubriel, GM (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 1153, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 307 EP 311 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900058 ER PT B AU Bloom, I Indacochea, JE Krumpelt, M Benjamin, TG AF Bloom, I Indacochea, JE Krumpelt, M Benjamin, TG GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI A comparison of two aluminizing methods for corrosion protection in the wet seal of molten carbonate fuel cells SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB The corrosion of aluminized Type 310S stainless steel in the wet seal of molten carbonate fuel cells was investigated. Samples prepared with two aluminizing methods were used: thermal spray and slurry coating. At first, the diffusion of Fe and Cr into the aluminum is limited to the interfacial area. With time at 650 degrees C, Fe and Cr aluminides precipitate in the Al layer. The slurry-coated layer contains a higher concentration of FeAl and Fe3Al than does the thermal spray layer. Because of the high iron content, the corrosion protection of the slurry layer is lower than that of the thermal spray layer. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Bloom, I (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 782 EP 786 DI 10.1109/IECEC.1997.660265 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900145 ER PT B AU Fiskum, RJ AF Fiskum, RJ GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Fuel Cell for Buildings Program SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE C1 US DOE, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Fiskum, RJ (reprint author), US DOE, 1000 Independence Ave, Washington, DC 20585 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 796 EP 799 DI 10.1109/IECEC.1997.660268 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900148 ER PT B AU Ahmed, S Doshi, R Lee, SHD Kumar, R Krumpelt, M AF Ahmed, S Doshi, R Lee, SHD Kumar, R Krumpelt, M GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Partial oxidation reformer development for fuel cell vehicles SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB A bench-scale partial oxidation reformer that is compact (1.8 L) and light-weight has been demonstrated with methanol fuel. The hydrogen output from the reactor had a lower heating value of 12 kW. The gas contained over 50% hydrogen and less than 1% carbon monoxide. A novel class of catalyst materials has been identified which is able to convert various hydrocarbons, including gasoline, to a hydrogen-rich product gas. Tested in a microreactor with gasoline and oxygen at 760 degrees C, these catalysts yielded a product gas containing over 60% hydrogen. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ahmed, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Electrochem Technol Program, Div Chem Technol, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 843 EP 846 DI 10.1109/IECEC.1997.661878 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900156 ER PT B AU Miller, JF Webster, CE Tummillo, AF DeLuca, WH AF Miller, JF Webster, CE Tummillo, AF DeLuca, WH GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Testing and evaluation of batteries for a fuel cell powered hybrid bus SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB Argonne National Laboratory conducted performance characterization and life-cycle tests on various batteries to qualify them for use in a fuel cell/battery hybrid bus. On this bus, methanol-fueled, phosphoric acid fuel cells provide routine power needs, while batteries are used to store energy recovered during bus braking and to produce short-duration power during acceleration. Argonne carried out evaluation and endurance testing on several lead-acid and nickel/cadmium batteries selected by the bus developer as potential candidates for the bus application. Argonne conducted over 10,000 hours of testing, simulating more than 80,000 miles of fuel cell bus operation, for the nickel/cadmium battery, which was ultimately selected for use in the three hybrid buses built under the direction of H-Power Corp. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Miller, JF (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Chem Technol, Electrochem Technol Program, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 894 EP 898 DI 10.1109/IECEC.1997.661887 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900165 ER PT B AU Horak, WC AF Horak, WC GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Cogeneration in the former Soviet Union SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB The former Soviet Union made a major commitment to Cogeneration. The scale and nature of this commitment created a system conceptually different from Cogeneration in the west. The differences were both in scale, in political commitment, and in socio economic impact. This paper addresses some of the largest scale Cogeneration programs, the technology, and the residual impact of these programs. The integration of the Cogeneration and nuclear programs is a key focus of the paper. Soviet designed nuclear power plants were designed to produce both electricity and heat for residential and industrial uses. Energy systems used to implement this design approach are discussed. The significant dependence on these units for heat created an urgent need for continued operation during the winter. Electricity and heat are also produced in nuclear weapons production facilities, as well as power plants. The Soviets also had designed, and initiated construction of a number of nuclear power plants "ATETs" optimized for production of heat as well as electricity. These were canceled. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Int Projects Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Horak, WC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Int Projects Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 1241 EP 1245 DI 10.1109/IECEC.1997.661946 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900224 ER PT B AU Drost, MK Friedrich, M AF Drost, MK Friedrich, M GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Miniature heat pumps for portable and distributed space conditioning applications SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is developing a miniature absorption heat pump for a range of microclimate control applications, including manportable cooling and distributed space conditioning. The miniature absorption heat pump will be sized to provide 350 W cooling, will have dimensions of 9 cm x 9 cm x 6 cm, and will weigh approximately 0.65 kg. Compared to a macroscale absorption heat pump, this represents reduction in volume by a factor of 60. A complete manportable cooling system including the heat pump, an air-cooled heat exchanger, batteries, and fuel is estimated to weigh between 4 and 5 kg, compared to the 10 kg weight of alternative systems. Size and weight reductions are obtained by developing a device that can simultaneously take advantage of the high heat and mass transfer rates attainable in microscale structures while being large enough to allow electric powered pumping. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Drost, MK (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999,K5-20, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 1271 EP 1274 DI 10.1109/IECEC.1997.661951 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900229 ER PT B AU Bower, WI AF Bower, WI GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Summary of collaborative photovoltaic industry work to proactively improve codes and standards for photovoltaic power system applications SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB Several important milestones in codes and standards pertaining to the design, installation and operation of photovoltaic (PV) systems have recently been completed with collaboration of participants from all sectors of the PV industry, utilities and the US Department of Energy's National Photovoltaic Program. Codes and standards that have been proposed, written or modified include changes and additions for the 1999 National Electrical Code(R) (NEC(R)), standards for fire and personnel safety, system testing, component qualification, and utility interconnect. Project authorization requests with the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) have resulted in standards for listing PV modules and balance-of-system components. Industry collaboration with Underwriter Laboratories, Inc. (UL), with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), and through critical input and review for international standards with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) have resulted in domestic and international standards far PV. Work related to the codes and standards activities through the International Energy Agency (IEA) is also being supported by the PV industry and the US DOE. This paper will concentrate on and summarize the important new NEC proposals for PV systems and will also describe and show the bonds between the activities in other standards writing activities. The paper will also provide an analysis of changes and resulting impacts of selected proposed NEC changes on PV designs, installations and performance. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Photovolta Syst Applicat, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Bower, WI (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Photovolta Syst Applicat, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 1575 EP 1580 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900283 ER PT B AU Gawlik, K Hassani, V AF Gawlik, K Hassani, V GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Advanced binary cycles: Optimum working fluids SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB A computer model (Cycle Analysis Simulation Tool, CAST) and a methodology have been developed to perform value analysis for small, low-to moderate-temperature binary geothermal power plants. The value analysis method allows for incremental changes in the levelized electricity cost (LEC) to be determined between a baseline plane and a modified plant. Thermodynamic cycle analyses and component sizing are carried out in the model followed by economic analysis which provides LEC results. The emphasis of the present work is on evaluating the effect of mixed working fluids instead of pure fluids on the LEC of a geothermal binary plant that uses a simple Organic Rankine Cycle. Four resources were studied spanning the range of 265 degrees F to 375 degrees F. A variety of isobutane and propane based mixtures, in addition to pure fluids, were used as working fluids. This study shows that the use of propane mixtures at a 265 degrees F resource can reduce the LEC by 24% when compared to a base case value that utilizes commercial isobutane as its working fluid. The cost savings drop to 6% for a 375 degrees F resource, where an isobutane mixture is favored. Supercritical cycles were found to have the lowest cost at all resources. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gawlik, K (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 1809 EP 1814 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900324 ER PT B AU Brown, D AF Brown, D GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI The conversion of biomass to ethanol using geothermal energy derived from hot dry rock to supply both the thermal and electrical power requirements SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB The potential synergism between a hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal energy source and the power requirements for the conversion of biomass to fuel ethanol is considerable. In addition, combining these two renewable energy resources to produce transportation Fuel has very positive environmental implications. One of the distinct advantages of wedding an HDR geothermal power source to a biomass conversion process is flexibility, both in plant location and in operating conditions. The latter obtains since an HDR system is an engineered system, where the surface fluid production and injection conditions of flow rate, pressure, temperature, and water chemistry are under the control of the operator. The former obtains since, unlike a naturally occurring geothermal resource, the HDR resource is very widespread, particularly in the western US, and can be developed near transportation and plentiful supplies of biomass. Conceptually, the pressurized geofluid from the HDR reservoir would be produced at a temperature in the range of 200 degrees to 220 degrees C. The higher enthalpy portion of the geofluid thermal energy would be used to produce a lower-temperature steam supply in a countercurrent feedwater-heater/boiler. The steam, following a superheating stage fueled by the noncellulosic waste fraction of the biomass, would be expanded through a turbine to produce electrical power. Depending on the lignin fraction of the biomass, there would probably be excess electrical power generated over and above plant requirements (for slurry pumping, stirring, solids separation, etc.) which would be available for sale to the local power grid. In fact, if the hybrid HDR/biomass system were creatively configured, the power plant could be designed to produce daytime peaking power as well as a lower level of baseload power during off-peak hours. The exhaust from the steam turbine, at a temperature of about 110 degrees C, would be used to supply the heating needs of the ethanol distillation/dehydration section of the plant, which typically represents about 70% of the overall ethanol plant thermal power requirements. The residual heat contained in the geofluid exiting the HDR power plant boiler section could be used to supply the heating requirements of the biomass pretreatment stage or other lower-temperature plant heating requirements. After mechanically separating the solid fraction in the process feed stream upstream of the distillation section, additional geothermal heat would be used to dry end harvest this lignin-rich solid waste which would be used in a lignin-fired superheater, increasing both the efficiency and power output of the steam turbogenerator. Finally, the waste water stream from the distillation section would be combined with the cooled geofluid exiting the pretreatment section hear exchangers and reinjected into the HDR reservoir, eliminating the costly tertiary treatment of this waste water stream, The high temperature and pressure available in the HDR reservoir could potentially destroy the organic content of the waste water - originally with a high biological oxygen demand (BOD) - and permit the water to be recycled back through the HDR surface plant and reinjected again. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Brown, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 1826 EP 1830 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900327 ER PT B AU Glowka, DA AF Glowka, DA GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI New technology for geothermal drilling SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB The geothermal drilling and completion process is described in order to identify the technology development needs of the geothermal drilling industry. These needs are grouped by function, and relevant research and development projects at Sandia National Laboratories are described. Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, these projects are developing new tools and techniques that should reduce geothermal drilling costs by 25%. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Geothermal Res Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Glowka, DA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Geothermal Res Dept, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 1831 EP 1836 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900328 ER PT B AU Jones, SA Gruetzner, JK Houser, RM Edgar, RM Wendelin, TJ AF Jones, SA Gruetzner, JK Houser, RM Edgar, RM Wendelin, TJ GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI VSHOT measurement uncertainty and experimental sensitivity study SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB The Video Scanning Hartmann Optical Tester (VSHOT) is a slope-measuring tool for large, imprecise reflectors. To study the accuracy of the VSHOT as well as its sensitivity to changes in test setup variables, a series of experiments were performed with a very precise, astronomical-grade mirror. The slope errors of the reference mirror were much smaller than the resolution of the VSHOT, so that any measured slope errors were caused by the instrument itself rather than the mirror. The VSHOT exceeded its accuracy goals by achieving less than 0.8% error in the determination of focal length and approximately 0.1 mrad error in the determination of RMS slope error with minor restrictions on the test setup. Displacement of the test mirror from the optical axis caused the largest source of measured errors. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Jones, SA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800-0703, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 1877 EP 1882 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900337 ER PT B AU Williams, TA Burch, GD Chavez, JM AF Williams, TA Burch, GD Chavez, JM GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI A long-term strategic plan for development of solar thermal electric technology SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB Solar thermal electric (STE) technologies - parabolic troughs, power towers, and dish/engine systems - can convert sunlight into electricity efficiently and with minimum effect on the environment. These technologies currently range from developmental to early commercial stages of maturity. This paper summarizes the results of a recent strategic planning effort conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to develop a long-term strategy for the development of STE technologies (DOE, 1996). The planning team led by DOE included representatives from the solar thermal industry, domestic utilities, state energy offices, and Sun lozenge Lab (the cooperative Sandia National Laboratories/National Renewable Energy Laboratory partnership that supports the STE Program) as well as project developers. The plan was aimed at identifying specific activities necessary to achieve the DOE vision of 20 gigawatts of installed STE capacity by the year 2020. The planning team developed five strategies that both build on the strengths of, and opportunities for, STE technology and address weaknesses and threats. These strategies are to: Support future commercial opportunities for STE technologies Demonstrate improved performance and reliability of STE components and systems Reduce STE energy costs Develop advanced STE systems and applications Address nontechnical barriers and champion STE power. The details of each of these strategies are discussed below. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Williams, TA (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 1901 EP 1906 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900341 ER PT B AU Hewett, R AF Hewett, R GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Strategy and methodology for rank-ordering Virginia state agencies regarding "solar attractiveness" and identification of specific project possibilities SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB This paper describes the strategy and computer processing system that NREL, the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy (DMME) and the state energy office, are developing for computing "solar attractiveness" scores for state agencies and the individual facilities or buildings within each agency. In the case of an agency, "solar attractiveness" is a measure of that agency's having a significant number of facilities for which solar has the potential to be promising. In the case of a facility, "solar attractiveness" is a measure of its potential for being good, economically viable candidate for a solar water heating system. Virginia State agencies are charged with reducing fossil energy and electricity use and expense. DMME is responsible for working with them to achieve the goals and for managing the state's energy consumption and cost monitoring program. This is done using the Fast Accounting System for Energy Reporting (FASER) computerized energy accounting and tracking system and database. Agencies report energy use and expenses (by individual facility and energy type) to DMME quarterly. DMME is also responsible for providing technical and other assistance services to agencies and facilities interested in investigating use of solar. Since Virginia has approximately 80 agencies operating over 8000 energy-consuming facilities and since DMME's resources are limited, it is interested in being able to determine: (1) on which agencies to focus; (2) specific facilities on which to focus within each high-priority agency; and (3) irrespective of agency, which facilities are the most promising potential candidates for solar. The computer processing system described in this paper computes numerical "solar attractiveness" scores for the state's agencies and the individual facilities using the energy use and cost data in the FASER system database and the state's and NREL's experience in implementing, testing and evaluating solar water heating systems in commercial and government facilities. C1 Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Hewett, R (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 1921 EP 1924 PG 4 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900345 ER PT B AU Birdsell, SA Willms, RS Dye, RC AF Birdsell, SA Willms, RS Dye, RC GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Pure hydrogen production from octane, ethanol, methanol, and methane reforming using a palladium membrane reactor SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB A palladium membrane reactor (PMR) fief been used to convert hydrocarbons into pure hydrogen. This process has promise for generating hydrogen for use in PEM fuel cells and other applications. Ethanol, methanol and gasoline are being considered for fuel cell cars since they are liquids and therefore have high energy densities. Methane is being considered for terrestrial fuel cell applications. Each fuel was tested in the PMR at a range of inlet and operating conditions. Conversions to pure hydrogen approaching 100% were obtained for all of the fuels. The PMR was loaded with either Cu/Zn-O, Ni/gamma-Al2O3, Ni/alpha-Al2O3, or Pt/alpha-Al2O3 catalyst, depending on the hydrocarbon being professed and the temperature of the experiment. The quantity of water injected into the reactor ranged from 50-100% of the stoichiometric requirement for complete conversion of the hydrocarbons. At 100% of the stoichiometric requirement, the retentate (outlet of reaction side) was mostly CO2. At less than the stoichiometric requirement, significant concentrations of CO, H2O, and CH4 were observed. If the water injection was too low then carbon formation occurred in the reactor. The effect of injection rate on hydrogen recovery was measured. It was observed that higher percentages of hydrogen were recovered as the injection rate was decreased. Octane reforming worked well at 600 degrees C. Methane reforming worked well at 450 degrees C, but performance was poor at 400 degrees C. Ethanol reforming worked well at 500 and 550 degrees C. Far methanal reforming, the performance was best at 300 degrees C and decreased as the temperature was increased to 350 degrees C. The decrease in hydrogen production in the permeate was caused by an increase in methane production in the retentate. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Birdsell, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop C-348, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 1942 EP 1946 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900350 ER PT B AU Horak, WC Reisman, A Purvis, EE AF Horak, WC Reisman, A Purvis, EE GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI "RADON" - The system of Soviet designed regional waste management facilities SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB The Soviet Union established a system of specialized, regional facilities to dispose of radioactive waste generated by sources other than the nuclear fuel cycle. The system had 16 facilities in Russia, 5 in Ukraine, one in each of the other CIS states, and one in each of the Baltic Republics. These facilities are still being used. The major generators of radioactive waste they process these are research and industrial organizations, medical and agricultural institutions, and other activities not related to nuclear power. Waste handled by these facilities is mainly beta- and gamma-emitting nuclides with half lives of less than 30 years, The long-lived and alpha-emitting isotopic content is insignificant. Most of the radwaste has low and medium radioactivity levels. The facilities also handle spent radiation sources, which are highly radioactive and contain 95-98 per cent of the activity of ail the radwaste buried at these facilities. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Int Projects Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Horak, WC (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Int Projects Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 2100 EP 2106 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900378 ER PT B AU Greene, DL Plotkin, S Duleep, KG AF Greene, DL Plotkin, S Duleep, KG GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI The potential for energy-efficient technologies to reduce carbon emissions in the United States: Transport sector SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB The world is searching for a meaningful answer to the likelihood that the continued build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will cause significant changes in the earth's climate. If there is to be a solution, technology must play a central role. This paper presents the results of an assessment of the potential for cost-effective technological changes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the U.S. transportation sector by the year 2010. Other papers in this session address the same-topic for buildings and industry. U.S. transportation energy use stood at 24.4 quadrillion Btu (Quads) in 1996, up 2 percent over 1995 (U.S. DOE/EIA, 1997, table 2.5). Transportation sector carbon dioxide emissions amounted to 457.2 million metric tons of carbon (MmtC) in 1995, almost one third of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions (U.S. DOE/EIA, 1986a, p. 12). Transport's energy use and CO2 emissions are growing, apparently at accelerating rates as energy efficiency improvements appear to be slowing to a halt. Cost-effective and nearly cost-effective technologies have enormous potential to slow and even reverse the growth of transport's CO2 emissions, but technological changes will take time and are not likely to occur without significant, new public policy initiatives. Absent new initiatives, we project that CO2 emissions from transport are likely to grow to 616 MmtC by 2010, and 646 MmtC by 2015. An aggressive effort to develop and implement cost-effective technologies that are more efficient and fuels that are lower in carbon could reduce emissions by about 12% in 2010 and 18% in 2015, versus the business-as-usual projection. With substantial luck, leading to breakthroughs in key areas, reductions over the BAU case of 17% in 2010 and 25% in 2015, might be possible. In none of these case are CO: emissions reduced to 1990 levels by 2015. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Greene, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 2114 EP 2119 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900380 ER PT B AU Koomey, JG Levine, MD Martin, NC Price, LK Brown, M Courville, G MacDonald, M Tomlinson, J Van Coevering, J Wendt, R AF Koomey, JG Levine, MD Martin, NC Price, LK Brown, M Courville, G MacDonald, M Tomlinson, J Van Coevering, J Wendt, R GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI The potential for energy-efficient technologies to reduce carbon emissions in the United States: Buildings sector SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB Energy is used in buildings to provide a variety of services to users such as lighting, space heating and cooling, refrigeration, and electricity for electronics and other equipment. In the U.S., building energy consumption accounts for nearly one third of total primary energy consumption and related greenhouse gas emissions. The cost for these energy services, or end-uses, was over $200 billion in 1997. This paper summarizes a detailed assessment of the achievable cost-effective potential for reducing carbon dioxide emissions in 2010 in the U.S. residential and commercial buildings sector based on the preliminary results of a study completed by the authors for the U.S. Department of Energy (LBNL, ORNL, ANL, NREL, and PNNL, 1997)(1) Our analysis shows that substantial reductions in future greenhouse gas emissions can be realized through the use of more energy-efficient technologies and processes at a net reduction in the total cost of energy services. In an efficiency scenario, in which renewed efforts are undertaken to promote energy efficiency through enhanced public and private-sector R&D and market transformation activities, energy use drops by 1.9 quadrillion Btu (5%) from business-as-usual (BAU) levels and carbon emissions decline by 25 MtC (4%) from BAU forecasted levels. This represents a savings of $18 billion in fuel costs in 2010, which is purchased with an annualized incremental cost of $7 billion in efficiency improvements. In a high efficiency/low carbon scenario, which reflects an even greater commitment to reduce carbon emissions, results in 4.0 quads (11%) less energy use and 91 MtC (16%) fewer carbon emissions than the BAU scenario in 2010. This high efficiency/low carbon scenario represents a savings of $33 billion in fuel costs in 2010 resulting from an annualized incremental expenditure of $14 billion an efficiency improvements. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koomey, JG (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, 1 Cyclotron Rd,Mail Stop 90-400, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 2120 EP 2125 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900381 ER PT B AU Boyd, GA Roop, JM Woodruff, MG AF Boyd, GA Roop, JM Woodruff, MG GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI The potential for energy-efficient technologies to reduce carbon emissions in the United States: Industrial sector SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB This paper presents an assessment of the possible contribution that an invigorated effort to move energy efficient technology which is commercially available, or near commercialization, into the market could make to seducing greenhouse gas emissions from the U.S. industrial sector by 2010. It presents preliminary results from the industrial sector chapter of a larger study being undertaken by the Dept. of Energy. We begin with some background information on our approach to the assessment and how that approach is shaped by the complexities of the U.S. industrial sector and the limitations of the available analytical tools for this sector. We then describe the results of our model-based scenario analysis through the year 2010. We summarize examples of the types of technologies that; were they to could come into widespread use in the U.S industrial sector iii the near term, would achieve the model scenario results, acknowledging that widespread adoption of these technologies would require the appropriate policies (e.g., accelerated R&D, fiscal incentives and market conditions). C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Boyd, GA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 2126 EP 2131 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900382 ER PT B AU Boyd, GA AF Boyd, GA GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Impacts of industrial decision making on productivity and energy efficiency: Examples from the integrated paper sector SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB Technology cost studies frequently fmd that 'cost effective' energy efficiency investments are feasible in many industry sectors. At the same time many firms 'fail' to implement these investments. One empirical result of this 'failure' is an observed gap between average and 'best practice' plants. The reasons behind this alleged 'failure' are many, they include indirect casts of implementing the investments, attitudes toward risk, and capital budgeting practices like 'capital rationing'. This paper explores the reasons for this failure from both a theoretical and empirical perspective. In particular, empirical evidence of the impact of 'capital rationing' and the observed gap between average and 'best practice' plants are drawn from a recent DOE study. This study examines the impact of mandated environmental investments on the productivity of paper and steel plants under capital availability constraints. The study also estimates the typical productivity and energy efficiency gap between average and 'best practice' plants and how that gap has changed over a 18 year period. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Boyd, GA (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 2132 EP 2137 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900383 ER PT B AU Greene, DL AF Greene, DL GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Oil dependence - The value of R & D SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB Over the past quarter century the United States' dependence on oil has cost its economy on the order of $5 trillion. Oil dependence is defined as economically significant consumption of oil, given price inelastic demand in the short-and long-run and given the ability of the OPEC cartel to use market power to influence oil prices. Although oil prices have been lower and more stable over the past decade, OPEC still holds the majority of the world's conventional oil resources according to the best available estimates, OPEC's share of the world oil market is likely to grow significantly in the future, restoring much if not all of their former market power. Other than market share, the key determinants of OPEC's market power are the long- and short-run price elasticities of world oil demand and supply. These elasticities depend critically on the technologies of oil supply and demand, especially the technology of energy use in transportation. Research and development can change these elasticities in fundamental ways, and given the nature of the problem, the government has an important role to play in supporting such research. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Greene, DL (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Transportat Anal, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 2148 EP 2153 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900386 ER PT B AU Brown, ML AF Brown, ML GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Reducing the cost of energy delivery disruptions: The role of advanced technology SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB In July and August 1996, the electric grid in the western United States experienced widespread power outages from southern California to western Canada. These large disruptions reminded us of the vulnerability of our energy delivery systems. While these disruptions may have been isolated events, there art a growing number of threats to the security, stability, reliability and safety of our national energy delivery systems. For a fraction of the billions of dollars a year these outages cost our economy, technologies could be developed that would reduce the threats and consequences of such disturbances. Many of these same developments also would better enable our energy delivery systems to accommodate the demands of pending competition in the energy marketplace. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Brown, ML (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Pacific NW Labs, POB 999,902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 2154 EP 2159 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900387 ER PT B AU Schock, RN Brown, ML Fulkerson, W San Martin, RL AF Schock, RN Brown, ML Fulkerson, W San Martin, RL GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI How much is energy R & D worth? SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB The value of energy technology R&D as an insurance investment to reduce the cost of climate change stabilization, oil price shocks, urban air pollution, and energy disruptions is estimated to be $5-8 billion/year in sum total, However, the total that is justified is actually less than this sum because some R&D is applicable to more than one risk. Nevertheless, the total DOE investment in energy technology R&D (about $1.3 billion/year in FY97) seems easily justified by its insurance value alone; and, in fact, more might be warranted, particularly in the areas related to climate change and urban air pollution. This conclusion appears robust even if the private: sector is assumed to be investing st comparable amount. Not counted is the value to the economy and to U.S. competitiveness of better energy technologies that may result from the R&D; only the insurance value for reducing the cost of these four risks to society was estimated. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Schock, RN (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, POB 808, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 2160 EP 2169 PG 10 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900388 ER PT B AU Reisman, AW AF Reisman, AW GP AMER INST CHEM ENGINEERS TI Comprehensive country energy assessments using the MARKAL-MACRO model SO IECEC-97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRTY-SECOND INTERSOCIETY ENERGY CONVERSION ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-4: VOL.1: AEROSPACE POWER SYSTEMS AND TECHNOL; VOL 2: ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOL, CONVERSION TECHNOL, THERMAL MANAGEMENT; VOLS 3: ENERGY SYSTEMS, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, POLICY IMPACTS ON ENERGY; VOL 4: POST DEADLINE PAPERS, INDEX LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC-97) CY JUL 27-AUG 02, 1997 CL HONOLULU, HI SP Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Nucl Soc, SAE Int, AIAA, ASME, IEEE AB A number of comprehensive country energy assessments were performed in the late 1970s and early 1980s in cooperation with the governments of various countries. The assessments provided a framework for analyzing the impacts of various national strategies for meeting energy requirements. These analyses considered the total energy framework. Economics, energy supply, national resources, energy use, environmental impacts, technologies. energy efficiencies, and sociopolitical impacts were some of the factors addressed. These analyses incorporated the best available data bases and computer models to facilitate the analyses. National policy maker; identified the various strategies to examine. The results of the analyses were provided to the national policy makers to support their decision making. Almost 20 years have passed since these assessments were performed. There have been major changes in energy supply and use, technologies, economics, available resources, and environmental concerns. The available tools for performing the assessments have improved drastically. The availability of improved computer modeling, i.e., MARKAL-MACRO, and improved data collection methods and data bases now permit such assessments to be performed in a more sophisticated manner to provide state of the art support to policy makers. The MARKAL-MACRO model was developed by Brookhaven National Laboratory over the last 25 years to support strategic energy planning. It is widely used in the international community for integrating analyses of environmental options, such as reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. It was used to perform the analyses in the least cost energy strategy study for the Energy Policy Act of 1992. Improvements continue to be made to MARKAL-MACRO and its capabilities extended. A methodology to conduct Country Energy Assessments using MARKAL-MACRO is discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Int Projects Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Reisman, AW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Int Projects Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4515-0 PY 1997 BP 2170 EP 2174 PG 5 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Electrochemistry; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering; Electrochemistry GA BK53Q UT WOS:000072467900389 ER PT S AU Peng, FZ McKeever, JW Adams, DJ AF Peng, FZ McKeever, JW Adams, DJ GP IEEE TI Cascade multilevel inverters for utility applications SO IECON '97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE 23RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, CONTROL, AND INSTRUMENTATION, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Industrial Electronics Society LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference of the Industrial-Electronics-Society (IECON 97) CY NOV09, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP IEEE, Ind Electr Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers Japan AB Cascade multilevel inverters have been developed by the authors for utility applications, ri cascade M-level inverter consists of (M - 1)/2 H-bridges in which each bridge has its own separate df source. The new inverter: (1) can generate almost sinusoidal waveform voltage while only switching one time per fundamental cycle, (2) can eliminate transformers of multipulse inverters used in conventional utility interfaces and static var compensators, and (3) makes possible direct parallel or series connection to medium-and high-voltage power systems without any transformers. in other words, the cascade inverter is much more efficient and suitable for utility applications than traditional multipulse and pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters. The authors have experimentally demonstrated the superiority of the new inverter for reactive power (var) and harmonic compensation. This paper will summarize features, feasibility, and control schemes of the cascade inverter tor utility applications including utility interface of renewable energy, voltage regulation, var compensation, and harmonic filtering in power systems, Analytical, simulated, and experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the new inverters. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Peng, FZ (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2009,Bldg 9104-2,MS 8058, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM pengfz@ornl.gov NR 0 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1553-572X BN 0-7803-3932-0 J9 IEEE IND ELEC PY 1997 BP 437 EP 442 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BK95B UT WOS:000073933000081 ER PT S AU Shawver, DM AF Shawver, DM GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Virtual actors and avatars in a flexible user-determined-scenario environment SO IEEE 1997 VIRTUAL REALITY ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE VIRTUAL REALITY ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium CY MAR 01-05, 1997 CL ALBUQUERQUE, NM SP IEEE, Comp Soc, Tech Comm Comp Graph, IEEE, Neural Network Counc Virtual Real Techn Comm AB VRaptor, a VR system for situational training that uses trainer-defined scenarios is described. The trainee is represented by an avatar; the rest of the virtual world is populated by virtual actors, which are under the control of trainer-defined scripts. The scripts allow reactive behaviors, but the trainer can control the overall scenario. This type of training system may be very useful in supplementing physical training. RP Shawver, DM (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1087-8270 BN 0-7803-3948-7 J9 P IEEE VIRT REAL ANN PY 1997 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1109/VRAIS.1997.583067 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BH39E UT WOS:A1997BH39E00025 ER PT B AU Bracht, R Miller, EK Kuckertz, T AF Bracht, R Miller, EK Kuckertz, T GP IEEE TI Using an impedance-modulated reflector for passive communication SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1997, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium / North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 13-18, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Natl Comm URSI, US Natl Comm URSI RP Bracht, R (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87544, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4178-3 PY 1997 BP 1070 EP 1073 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ61W UT WOS:A1997BJ61W00255 ER PT B AU Sharpe, RM Grant, JB Champagne, NJ Johnson, WA Jorgenson, RE Wilton, DR Brown, WJ Rockway, JW AF Sharpe, RM Grant, JB Champagne, NJ Johnson, WA Jorgenson, RE Wilton, DR Brown, WJ Rockway, JW GP IEEE TI EIGER: Electromagnetic Interactions GEneRalized SO IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1997, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium / North American Radio Science Meeting CY JUL 13-18, 1997 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Natl Comm URSI, US Natl Comm URSI RP Sharpe, RM (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,ENGN RES DIV,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-4178-3 PY 1997 BP 2366 EP 2369 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BJ61W UT WOS:A1997BJ61W00564 ER PT B AU Spelt, PF AF Spelt, PF GP IEEE IEEE TI Issues of in-vehicle its information management SO IEEE CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC 997) CY NOV 09-12, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, APS, CSS, EDS, ICS, PELS, IEEE, Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE Electromagnet Compatibil Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Prof Commun Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, IEEE Vehicular Technol Soc C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Human Syst Res Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Spelt, PF (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Human Syst Res Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4269-0 PY 1997 BP 33 EP 37 PG 3 WC Telecommunications; Transportation SC Telecommunications; Transportation GA BK77C UT WOS:000073357200003 ER PT B AU Zhang, W AF Zhang, W GP IEEE IEEE TI Cooperatively controlled collision avoidance SO IEEE CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC 997) CY NOV 09-12, 1997 CL BOSTON, MA SP IEEE, APS, CSS, EDS, ICS, PELS, IEEE, Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, IEEE Electromagnet Compatibil Soc, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Prof Commun Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, IEEE Vehicular Technol Soc DE cooperative control; collision avoidance AB The cooperative control concept can be applied to the vehicle controlled collision avoidance system. It can be transformed from the driver assistant controller and be extended to the future IVHS applications. In this paper, the system architecture of the cooperatively controlled collision avoidance system and advantage over independently controlled vehicles will be discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4269-0 PY 1997 BP 824 EP 829 PG 2 WC Telecommunications; Transportation SC Telecommunications; Transportation GA BK77C UT WOS:000073357200136 ER PT J AU Sarjeant, WJ MacDougall, FW Larson, DW AF Sarjeant, WJ MacDougall, FW Larson, DW TI Energy storage in polymer laminate structures - Ageing and diagnostic approaches for life validation SO IEEE ELECTRICAL INSULATION MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE capacitor; pulsed power; duty cycle; metallized electrode C1 SUNY BUFFALO,SPACE POWER INSULAT INST,BUFFALO,NY 14260. AEROVOX INC,SPECIAL PROD,NEW BEDFORD,MA. SUNY COLL BUFFALO,DEPT ELECT ENGN,BUFFALO,NY 14222. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,NATL IGNIT FACIL FUS RES,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. RP Sarjeant, WJ (reprint author), SUNY BUFFALO,SCH ENGN & APPL SCI,HIGH POWER ELECT INST,BONNER HALL,ROOM 312,POB 601900,BUFFALO,NY 14260, USA. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0883-7554 J9 IEEE ELECTR INSUL M JI IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag. PD JAN-FEB PY 1997 VL 13 IS 1 BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.1109/57.567394 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA WD734 UT WOS:A1997WD73400007 ER PT B AU Winter, VL AF Winter, VL GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Software on the edge SO IEEE HIGH-ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE High-Assurance Systems Engineering Workshop CY OCT 21-22, 1996 CL NIAGARA ON THE LAKE, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Comp, Hitachi Software Engn Co, Honeywell Technol Ctr RP Winter, VL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7629-9 PY 1997 BP 57 EP 58 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ54M UT WOS:A1997BJ54M00010 ER PT B AU Winter, VL Boyle, JM AF Winter, VL Boyle, JM GP IEEE COMP SOC TI Proving refinement transformations for deriving high-assurance software SO IEEE HIGH-ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE High-Assurance Systems Engineering Workshop CY OCT 21-22, 1996 CL NIAGARA ON THE LAKE, CANADA SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Comp, Hitachi Software Engn Co, Honeywell Technol Ctr AB The construction of a high-assurance system requires some evidence, ideally a proof, that the system as implemented will behave as required Direct proofs of implementations do not scale up well as systems become more complex and therefore are: of limited value. In recent years, refinement-based approaches have been investigated as a means to manage the complexity inherent in the verification process. In a refinement-based approach, a high-level specification is converted into an implementation through a number of refinement steps. The hope is Mat the: proofs of the individual refinement steps will be easier than a direct proof of the implementation. However, if stepwise refinement is performed manually, the number of steps is severly limited, implying that Me size of each step is large. IS refinement steps are large, then proofs of their correctness will not be much easier than a direct proof of the implementation. We describe an approach to refinement-based software development that is based on automatic application of refinements, expressed as program transformations. This automation has the desirable effect that the refinement steps can be extremely small and, thus, easy to prove correct. We give an overview of the TAMPR transformation system that we use for automated refinement. We then focus on some aspects of the semantic framework that we have been developing to enable proofs that TAMPR transformations are correctness preserving. With this framework, proofs of correctness for transformations can be obtained with the assistance of an automated reasoning system. RP Winter, VL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7629-9 PY 1997 BP 68 EP 77 DI 10.1109/HASE.1996.618567 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ54M UT WOS:A1997BJ54M00012 ER PT S AU Disz, T Olson, R Stevens, R AF Disz, T Olson, R Stevens, R BE Thiele, L Fortes, J Vissers, K Taylor, V Noll, T Teich, J TI Performance model of the Argonne Voyager Multimedia Server SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATION-SPECIFIC SYSTEMS, ARCHITECTURES AND PROCESSORS, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATION-SPECIFIC SYSTEMS, ARCHITECTURES AND PROCESSORS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processes CY JUL 14-16, 1997 CL ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm VLSI AB The Argonne Voyager Multimedia Server is being developed in the Futures Lab of the Mathematics and Computer Science Division at Argonne National Laboratory. As a network based service for recording and playing multimedia streams, it is important that the Voyager system be capable of sustaining certain minimal levels of performance in order for it to be a viable system. In this article, we examine the performance characteristics of the server. As we examine She architecture of the system, we try to determine where bottlenecks lie, show actual vs potential performance, and recommend areas for improvement through custom architectures and system tuning. RP Disz, T (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 SN 1063-6862 BN 0-8186-7958-1 J9 IEEE INT CONF ASAP PY 1997 BP 316 EP 327 DI 10.1109/ASAP.1997.606837 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJ33Y UT WOS:A1997BJ33Y00031 ER PT B AU Soden, JM AF Soden, JM BE Jayasumana, AP Tong, C TI I-DDQ testing for submicron CMOS IC technology qualification SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON IDDQ TESTING, DIGEST OF PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd IEEE International Workshop on IDDQ Testing CY NOV 05-06, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Test Technol AB Sandia is manufacturing high reliability CMOS ICs with a 0.5 micron CMP technology, as part of the progression to 0.35 micron and smaller scale technologies. To qualify this technology por delivery of high reliability ICs to customers for military, space, and commercial applications, a qualification program has been implemented that includes extensive I-DDQ testing. Two vehicles are being used for this qualification, a 256k bit SRAM and a Microcontroller Core (MCC). Both of these ICs present unique I-DDQ testing challenges. This paper describes the methods used ro successfully implement I-DDQ testing for these two types ICs. RP Soden, JM (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ELECT QUAL RELIABIL CTR,FAILURE ANAL DEPT 1275,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8123-3 PY 1997 BP 52 EP 56 DI 10.1109/IDDQ.1997.633013 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BK01S UT WOS:A1997BK01S00010 ER PT J AU Candy, JV Chambers, DH AF Candy, JV Chambers, DH TI Model-based enhancement of internal wave images SO IEEE JOURNAL OF OCEANIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE internal waves; Kalman filtering; model-based processor; propagation; signal processing ID OCEAN AB The measurement of internal-wave signatures using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) or real aperture radar (RAR) techniques is an emerging technology that offers a viable means of locating and tracking surface ship wakes by their unique signatures, Under the assumption that the image measured by the radar is dominated by the underlying dynamics of the internal wave, we develop model-based techniques for enhancement based on a recently developed generic dispersive-wave processor, Using images synthesized by a sophisticated propagation model, it is shown that the processor not only offers a unique approach compared to the more traditional image-processing techniques that do not incorporate the propagation model, but is also capable of providing reasonable enhancement of the noisy measurements. RP Candy, JV (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,L-437,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0364-9059 J9 IEEE J OCEANIC ENG JI IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 22 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1109/48.557534 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA WL763 UT WOS:A1997WL76300001 ER PT B AU Peterfreund, N AF Peterfreund, N GP IEEE COMP SOC TI The velocity snake SO IEEE NONRIGID AND ARTICULATED MOTION WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nonrigid and Articulated Motion Workshop CY JUN 16, 1997 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence AB We present a new active contour model for boundary tracking and motion estimation of non-rigid objects, which results from applying a velocity control to the class of elastodynamical contour models, known as snakes. The proposed control term is the outcome of an energy dissipation function which measures the difference between the contour velocity and the apparent velocity of the image (optical flow). Treating the image video-sequence as continuous measurements along time, it is shown that the proposed control results in an unbiased tracking, provided the initial contour is sufficiently close to the object boundary. This is in contrast to the original snake model which is proven to be biased due to the image (object) velocity; thus resulting in high sensitivity to clutter and numerical noise. The motion estimation further allows for position prediction of non-rigid boundaries. Based on the proposed control approach, we propose a new class of real time tracking contours, varying from models with batch-mode control estimation to models with real time adaptive controllers. The new tracking scheme was applied to boundary tracking of both rigid and non-rigid objects, resulting in unbiased tracking and robustness to image clutter and numerical noise. RP Peterfreund, N (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,CTR ENGN SYST ADV RES,OAK RIDGE,TN 37830, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8040-7 PY 1997 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.1109/NAMW.1997.609855 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BJ14K UT WOS:A1997BJ14K00009 ER PT B AU Klein, GJ Huesman, RH AF Klein, GJ Huesman, RH GP IEEE COMP SOC TI A 3D optical flow approach to addition of deformable PET volumes SO IEEE NONRIGID AND ARTICULATED MOTION WORKSHOP, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Nonrigid and Articulated Motion Workshop CY JUN 16, 1997 CL SAN JUAN, PR SP IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Pattern Anal & Machine Intelligence AB A method for combining datasets from gated cardiac PET acquisitions is described. Optical flow techniques are used to accurately model non-rigid motion present during the cardiac cycle so that a one-to-one mapping is found between each voxel of two gated volumes. Using this mapping, images can be combined to produce a composite dataset with improved statistics and reduced motion-induced blur. Like recent past efforts in deformable motion, an image similarity measure is combined with elastic constraints to obtain a valid flow field. Additionally, because of the noisy characteristics of individual reconstructed volumes in a gated PET study, 4D and multiscale techniques were used in this paper to obtain more accurate motion estimates. Results using data from gated cardiac studies on canine and human subjects are presented. RP Klein, GJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR FUNCT IMAGING,1 CYCLOTRON RD,MS 55-121,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8040-7 PY 1997 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1109/NAMW.1997.609864 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BJ14K UT WOS:A1997BJ14K00016 ER PT J AU Qian, Y Zhu, ZH Lo, YH Hou, HQ Wang, MC Lin, W AF Qian, Y Zhu, ZH Lo, YH Hou, HQ Wang, MC Lin, W TI 1.3-mu m vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with double-bonded GaAs-AlAs Bragg mirrors SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE VCSEL's; semiconductor lasers; wafer bonding; long wavelength; optical data interconnects; optical communications ID TEMPERATURE; OPERATION AB We demonstrate, for the first time, double-bonded AlGaInAs strain-compensated quantum-well 1.3-mu m vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's). GaAs-AlAs Bragg mirrors were wafer-bonded on both sides of a cavity containing the AlGaInAs strain-compensated multiple-quantum-well active layers sandwiched by two InP layers, The lasers have operated under pulsed conditions at room temperature, A record low pulsed threshold current density of 4.2 kA/cm(2) and a highest maximum light output power greater than 4.6 mW have been achieved, The maximum threshold current characteristic temperature T-0 of 132 K is the best for any long wavelength VCSEL's. The laser operated in a single-longitudinal mode, with a side-mode suppression ratio of more than 40 dB, which is the best results for 1.3-mu m VCSEL's. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT SEMICOND MAT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. CHANG GUNG MED COLL,DEPT ELECT ENGN,TAIPEI,TAIWAN. RP Qian, Y (reprint author), CORNELL UNIV,SCH ELECT ENGN,PHILLIPS HALL,ITHACA,NY 14853, USA. NR 8 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 9 IS 1 BP 8 EP 10 DI 10.1109/68.554153 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA VZ875 UT WOS:A1997VZ87500004 ER PT J AU Wolfe, TR LeVine, FE Riedy, PE Panlasigui, A Hawke, RS Susoeff, AR AF Wolfe, TR LeVine, FE Riedy, PE Panlasigui, A Hawke, RS Susoeff, AR TI High performance projectile seal development for non perfect railgun bores SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD ID PRESSURE RESEARCH; FABRICATION AB The sealing of high pressure gas behind an accelerating projectile has been developed over centuries of use in conventional guns and cannons. The principal concern was propulsion efficiency and trajectory accuracy and repeatability, The development of guns for use as high pressure equation-of-state (EOS) research tools, increased the importance of better seals to prevent gas leakage from interfering with the experimental targets. The development of plasma driven railguns has further increased the need for higher quality seals to prevent gas and plasma blow-by. This paper summarizes more than a decade of effort to meet these increased requirements. In small bore railguns, the first improvement was prompted by the need to contain the propulsive plasma behind the projectile to avoid the initiation of current conducting paths in front of the projectile. The second major requirements arose from the development of a railgun to serve as an EOS tool where it was necessary to maintain an evacuated region in front of the projectile throughout the acceleration process. More recently, the techniques developed for the small bore guns have been applied to large bore railguns and electro-thermal chemical guns in order to maximize their propulsion efficiency. Furthermore, large bore railguns are often less rigid and less straight than conventional homogenous material guns. Hence, techniques to maintain seals in non perfect, non homogenous material launchers have been developed and are included in this paper. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA. RP Wolfe, TR (reprint author), MAXWELL LABS INC,SAN DIEGO,CA 92123, USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.1109/20.559920 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200027 ER PT J AU Sarjeant, WJ MacDougall, FW Larson, DW Kohlberg, I AF Sarjeant, WJ MacDougall, FW Larson, DW Kohlberg, I TI Energy storage capacitors: Aging, and diagnostic approaches for life validation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology (EML) CY APR 21-24, 1996 CL BALTIMORE, MD AB Over the last decade, significant increases in capacitor reliability have been achieved through a combination of advanced manufacturing techniques, new materials, and diagnostic methodologies to provide requisite life-cycle reliability for high energy pulse applications. Recent innovations in analysis of aging, including dimensional analysis, are introduced for predicting component performance and fault tolerance In addition, voltage scaling issues that may drive bank fault-tolerance performance are described. C1 AEROVOX INC,NEW BEDFORD,MA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA. I KOHLBERG ASSOCIATES INC,ALEXANDRIA,VA. RP Sarjeant, WJ (reprint author), SUNY AB,BUFFALO,NY, USA. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 33 IS 1 BP 501 EP 506 DI 10.1109/20.560063 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA WF012 UT WOS:A1997WF01200091 ER PT J AU Chowdhuri, P Mishra, AK McConnell, BW AF Chowdhuri, P Mishra, AK McConnell, BW TI Volt-time characteristics of short air gaps under nonstandard lightning voltage waves SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 IEEE/PES Summer Meeting CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 1996 CL DENVER, CO SP IEEE Power Engn Soc, PES AB The volt-time characteristics of 5-cm long rod-plane and rod-rod air gaps were experimentally determined with five different waveshapes of the applied impulse voltage. The front time of the waves was varied from 25 ns to 10 mu s, and the time to half value was varied from 0.5 ps to 100 mu s. The volt-time characteristics were also checked analytically using the concept of disruptive effect. The parameters for the disruptive effect were experimentally determined. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Chowdhuri, P (reprint author), TENNESSEE TECHNOL UNIV,COOKEVILLE,TN 38505, USA. NR 6 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2394 SN 0885-8977 J9 IEEE T POWER DELIVER JI IEEE Trans. Power Deliv. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 12 IS 1 BP 470 EP 476 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA WF020 UT WOS:A1997WF02000055 ER PT B AU Newman, GA Alumbaugh, DL AF Newman, GA Alumbaugh, DL GP IEEE TI 3D electromagnetic modeling using staggered finite differences SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB The method of finite differences has been employed to solve a variety of 3D electromagnetic (EM) forward problems arising in geophysical applications. Specific sources considered include dipolar and magnetotelluric (MT) field excitation in the frequency domain. In the forward problem, the EM fields are simulated using a vector Helmholtz equation for the electric field, which are approximated using finite differences on a staggered grid. To obtain the fields, a complex-symmetric matrix system of equations is assembled and iteratively solved using the quasi-minimum method (QMR) method. Perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary conditions are included in the solution and are necessary to accurately simulate fields in propagation regime (frequencies > 10 MHz). For frequencies approaching the static limit (< 10 KHz), the solution also includes a static-divergence correction, which is necessary to accurately simulate MT source fields and can be used to accelerate convergence for the dipolar source problem. RP Newman, GA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. RI Newman, Gregory/G-2813-2015 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 929 EP 932 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00274 ER PT B AU Newman, GA Alumbaugh, DL AF Newman, GA Alumbaugh, DL GP IEEE TI 3D electromagnetic inversion using conjugate gradients SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB In large scale 3D EM inverse problems it may not be possible to directly invert a full least-squares system matrix involving model sensitivity elements. Thus iterative methods must be employed. For the inverse problem, we favor either a linear or non-linear (NL) CG scheme, depending on the application. In a NL CG scheme, the gradient of the objective function is required at each relaxation step along with a univariate line search needed to determine the optimum model update. Solution examples based on both approaches will be presented. RP Newman, GA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. RI Newman, Gregory/G-2813-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 933 EP 937 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00275 ER PT B AU Bickel, DL Hensley, WH Yocky, DA AF Bickel, DL Hensley, WH Yocky, DA GP IEEE TI The effect of scattering from buildings on interferometric SAR measurements SO IGARSS '97 - 1997 INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS VOLS I-IV: REMOTE SENSING - A SCIENTIFIC VISION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 97) on Remote Sensing - A Scientific Vision for Sustainable Development CY AUG 03-08, 1997 CL SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE SP IEEE Geosci & Remote Sensing Soc, Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Remote Imaging Sensing & Proc, NASA, NOAA, USN, Off Naval Res, Int Union Radio Sci AB The determination of elevation models of buildings using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR) is an important area of active research. The focus of this paper is on some of the unique scattering mechanisms that occur with buildings and how they affect the IFSAR height measurement and the coherence. We will show by theory and examples that the various data products obtained from IFSAR can be used to aid in interpreting building height results. We will also present a method that we have used successfully in mapping buildings in Washington D.C. RP Bickel, DL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3837-5 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 1997 BP 1545 EP 1547 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Geology; Remote Sensing GA BJ48Y UT WOS:A1997BJ48Y00470 ER PT S AU Ruvimov, S LilientalWeber, Z Washburn, J Drummond, TJ Hafish, M Lee, SR AF Ruvimov, S LilientalWeber, Z Washburn, J Drummond, TJ Hafish, M Lee, SR BE Ponce, FA Moustakas, TD Akasaki, I Monemar, BA TI Effect of stoichiometry on defect distribution in cubic GaN grown on GaAs by plasma-assisted MBE SO III-V NITRIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on III-V Nitrides CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON MORITANI, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Cent Res Labs, Cree Res, Fujitsu Ltd, Hewlett Packard Labs Japan Inc, Hitachi Ltd, Cent Res Lab, JEOL US Inc, USN, Off Naval Res, NEC Corp, Opto Electr Res Labs, Nichia Chem Ind Ltd, Renishaw, Rockwell Int Corp, Sharp Corp Cent Res Labs, Sony Corp Res Ctr, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Xerox Palo Alto Res Ctr AB High resolution electron microscopy has been applied to characterize the structure of beta-GaN epilayers grown on (001) GaAs substrates by plasma-assisted molecular-beam-epitaxy. The rf plasma source was used to promote chemically active nitrogen. The layer quality was shown to depend on growth conditions (Ga flux and N-2 flow for fixed rf power). The best quality of GaN layers was achieved by ''stoichiometric'' growth; Ga-rich layers contain a certain amount of the wurtzite phase. GaN layers contain a high density of stacking faults which drastically decreases toward the GaN surface. Stacking faults are anisotropically distributed in the GaN layer; the majority intersect the interface along lines parallel to the ''major flat'' of the GaAs substrate. This correlates well with the observed anisotropy in the intensity distribution of x-ray reflexions. Formation of stacking faults are often associated with atomic steps at the GaN-GaAs interfaces. RP Ruvimov, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-353-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 449 BP 251 EP 256 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH46L UT WOS:A1997BH46L00037 ER PT S AU LilientalWeber, Z Chen, Y Ruvimov, S Swider, W Washburn, J AF LilientalWeber, Z Chen, Y Ruvimov, S Swider, W Washburn, J BE Ponce, FA Moustakas, TD Akasaki, I Monemar, BA TI Nano-tubes in GaN SO III-V NITRIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on III-V Nitrides CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON MORITANI, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Cent Res Labs, Cree Res, Fujitsu Ltd, Hewlett Packard Labs Japan Inc, Hitachi Ltd, Cent Res Lab, JEOL US Inc, USN, Off Naval Res, NEC Corp, Opto Electr Res Labs, Nichia Chem Ind Ltd, Renishaw, Rockwell Int Corp, Sharp Corp Cent Res Labs, Sony Corp Res Ctr, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Xerox Palo Alto Res Ctr AB Formation of vertical hollow nano-tubes in GaN grown on different substrates using different growth methods is described. These defects are shown to be of several different types, some related to threading dislocations, but others originating at tubular inversion domains, or crystal inhomogeneities. Kinetic mechanism based on slow growth rate on polar{<0(1)over bar 11>} surfaces is proposed to explain the origin of these defects. RP LilientalWeber, Z (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Liliental-Weber, Zuzanna/H-8006-2012 NR 0 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-353-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 449 BP 417 EP 422 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH46L UT WOS:A1997BH46L00063 ER PT S AU Wetzel, C Walukiewicz, W Ager, JW AF Wetzel, C Walukiewicz, W Ager, JW BE Ponce, FA Moustakas, TD Akasaki, I Monemar, BA TI Electron-phonon scattering in Si doped GaN SO III-V NITRIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on III-V Nitrides CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON MORITANI, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Cent Res Labs, Cree Res, Fujitsu Ltd, Hewlett Packard Labs Japan Inc, Hitachi Ltd, Cent Res Lab, JEOL US Inc, USN, Off Naval Res, NEC Corp, Opto Electr Res Labs, Nichia Chem Ind Ltd, Renishaw, Rockwell Int Corp, Sharp Corp Cent Res Labs, Sony Corp Res Ctr, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Xerox Palo Alto Res Ctr AB Phonon-plasmon scattering in non-resonant Raman spectroscopy is used to determine the free electron concentration in Si doped GaN films. For various doping concentration and variable temperature the correlation with magneto-transport data is established. The freeze-out of the carrier concentration at low temperature is thus observed in a purely optical detection scheme. We observe a very long transient time of several hours for the carrier concentration as a reaction to temperature variation. This indicates an indirect capture and emission process with a very small cross section. The value of the Faust-Henry coefficient is determined. RP Wetzel, C (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV MAT SCI,MS 2-200,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. RI Wetzel, Christian/O-4017-2014; OI Wetzel, Christian/0000-0002-6055-0990; Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-353-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 449 BP 567 EP 572 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH46L UT WOS:A1997BH46L00086 ER PT S AU Walukiewicz, W Hsu, L Redwing, JM AF Walukiewicz, W Hsu, L Redwing, JM BE Ponce, FA Moustakas, TD Akasaki, I Monemar, BA TI Intrinsic mobility limits of a two-dimensional electron gas in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures SO III-V NITRIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on III-V Nitrides CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON MORITANI, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Cent Res Labs, Cree Res, Fujitsu Ltd, Hewlett Packard Labs Japan Inc, Hitachi Ltd, Cent Res Lab, JEOL US Inc, USN, Off Naval Res, NEC Corp, Opto Electr Res Labs, Nichia Chem Ind Ltd, Renishaw, Rockwell Int Corp, Sharp Corp Cent Res Labs, Sony Corp Res Ctr, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Xerox Palo Alto Res Ctr AB We present the results of a theoretical study of the 2D electron gas mobility at a AlxGa1-xN/GaN heterointerface. All standard mechanisms, including scattering by acoustic and optical phonons, and remote and background (residual) impurities have been included in our calculation of theoretical mobility limits in a AlxGa1-xN/GaN structure. Comparison of calculations with experimental mobilities obtained from high quality MOCVD grown Al0.15Ga0.85N/GaN heterostructures shows that the low temperature mobility in these samples is dominated by scattering from ionized impurities, with a smaller contribution from acoustic phonons. RP Walukiewicz, W (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-353-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 449 BP 573 EP 578 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH46L UT WOS:A1997BH46L00087 ER PT S AU Ager, JW Suski, T Ruvimov, S Krueger, J Conti, G Weber, ER Bremser, MD Davis, R Kuo, CP AF Ager, JW Suski, T Ruvimov, S Krueger, J Conti, G Weber, ER Bremser, MD Davis, R Kuo, CP BE Ponce, FA Moustakas, TD Akasaki, I Monemar, BA TI Intrinsic and thermal stress in gallium nitride epitaxial films SO III-V NITRIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on III-V Nitrides CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON MORITANI, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Cent Res Labs, Cree Res, Fujitsu Ltd, Hewlett Packard Labs Japan Inc, Hitachi Ltd, Cent Res Lab, JEOL US Inc, USN, Off Naval Res, NEC Corp, Opto Electr Res Labs, Nichia Chem Ind Ltd, Renishaw, Rockwell Int Corp, Sharp Corp Cent Res Labs, Sony Corp Res Ctr, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Xerox Palo Alto Res Ctr AB Strain in GaN epitaxial layers at room temperature is measured with three complementary methods: Raman spectroscopy (via shifts of phonon frequencies), low temperature photoluminescence (via shifts of band-edge luminescence), and X-ray diffraction (via shifts in lattice spacings). GaN films grown on the c-plane of sapphire tend to be in compression. Increasing the Si-dopant concentration (up to 10(19) cm(-3)) is observed to add compressive strain to the layer. Axially resolved measurements obtained by micro-Raman in 4 mu m thick Si-doped films reveal strain relaxation toward the sample surface at Si concentrations above 10(18) cm(-3). Mg- and Si-doped GaN films on SIC substrates are found to be in tension. An experimental methodology is presented that separates two contributions to the room temperature residual stress in GaN epilayers: (1) the thermal stress due to differences in the thermal expansion coefficients of the epilayer and substrate and (2) the intrinsic stress, which is influenced by the growth conditions. We measure stress as a function of temperature up to 325 C, about one-third of the growth temperature, by monitoring the frequency of the E(2) phonon mode by Raman spectroscopy. A high-quality bulk single crystal of GaN is used as a strain-free standard. Over this temperature range, most layers behave elastically; the observed stress trends are well-fit by a thermal expansion model using previous reported values of the thermal expansion coefficients of GaN and the substrates. The intrinsic stress states at the growth temperature for films grown on sapphire and SiC are predicted to be tensile and compressive, respectively, in agreement with the a-plane lattice coefficient mismatch. RP Ager, JW (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. OI Ager, Joel/0000-0001-9334-9751 NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-353-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 449 BP 775 EP 780 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH46L UT WOS:A1997BH46L00117 ER PT S AU Shul, RJ Briggs, RD Pearton, SJ Vartuli, CB Abernathy, CR Lee, JW Constantine, C Barratt, C AF Shul, RJ Briggs, RD Pearton, SJ Vartuli, CB Abernathy, CR Lee, JW Constantine, C Barratt, C BE Ponce, FA Moustakas, TD Akasaki, I Monemar, BA TI Chlorine-based plasma etching of GaN SO III-V NITRIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on III-V Nitrides CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON MORITANI, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Cent Res Labs, Cree Res, Fujitsu Ltd, Hewlett Packard Labs Japan Inc, Hitachi Ltd, Cent Res Lab, JEOL US Inc, USN, Off Naval Res, NEC Corp, Opto Electr Res Labs, Nichia Chem Ind Ltd, Renishaw, Rockwell Int Corp, Sharp Corp Cent Res Labs, Sony Corp Res Ctr, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Xerox Palo Alto Res Ctr AB The wide band gap group-III nitride materials continue to generate interest in the semiconductor community with the fabrication of green, blue, and ultraviolet light emitting diodes (LEDs), blue lasers, and high temperature transistors. Realization of more advanced devices requires pattern transfer processes which are well controlled, smooth, highly anisotropic and have etch rates exceeding 0.5 mu m/min. The utilization of high-density chlorine-based plasmas including electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) systems has resulted in improved etch quality of the group-III nitrides over more conventional reactive ion etch (RIE) systems. RP Shul, RJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-353-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 449 BP 969 EP 980 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH46L UT WOS:A1997BH46L00147 ER PT S AU Zolper, JC Pearton, SJ Williams, JS Tan, HH Karlicek, RJ Stall, RA AF Zolper, JC Pearton, SJ Williams, JS Tan, HH Karlicek, RJ Stall, RA BE Ponce, FA Moustakas, TD Akasaki, I Monemar, BA TI Ion implantation and annealing studies in III-V nitrides SO III-V NITRIDES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on III-V Nitrides CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc, AIXTRON MORITANI, Matsushita Elect Ind Co Ltd, Cent Res Labs, Cree Res, Fujitsu Ltd, Hewlett Packard Labs Japan Inc, Hitachi Ltd, Cent Res Lab, JEOL US Inc, USN, Off Naval Res, NEC Corp, Opto Electr Res Labs, Nichia Chem Ind Ltd, Renishaw, Rockwell Int Corp, Sharp Corp Cent Res Labs, Sony Corp Res Ctr, Toyoda Gosei Co Ltd, Xerox Palo Alto Res Ctr AB Ion implantation doping and isolation is expected to play an enabling role for the realization of advanced III-Nitride based devices. in fact, implantation has already been used to demonstrate n- and p-type doping of GaN with Si and Mg or Ca, respectively, as well as to fabricate the first GaN junction field effect transistor.(1-4) Although these initial implantation studies demonstrated the feasibility of this technique for the III-Nitride materials, further work is needed to realize its full potential. After reviewing some of the initial studies in this field, we present new results for improved annealing sequences and defect studies in GaN. First, sputtered AIN is shown by electrical characterization of Schottky and Ohmic contacts to be an effective encapsulant of GaN during the 1100 degrees C implant activation anneal. The AIN suppresses N-loss from the GaN surface and the formation of a degenerate n(+)-surface region that would prohibit Schottky barrier formation after the implant activation anneal. Second, we examine the nature of the defect generation and annealing sequence following implantation using both Rutherford Backscattering (RES) and Hall characterization. We show that for a Si-dose of 1x10(16) cm(-2) 50% electrical donor activation is achieved despite a significant amount of residual implantation-induced damage in the material. RP Zolper, JC (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-353-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 449 BP 981 EP 991 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA BH46L UT WOS:A1997BH46L00148 ER PT J AU Siminovitch, MJ Page, E AF Siminovitch, MJ Page, E BE Newman, MA TI Energy efficient alternatives to halogen tochieres SO ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY OF NORTH AMERICA (IESNA) ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDING 1997 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Illuminating-Engineering-Society-of-North-America CY AUG 18-20, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Illuminating Engn Soc N Amer AB A series of novel energy efficient torchieres systems have been developed using compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). These systems were studied photometrically and compared with the performance of traditional commercially available tungsten halogen sources. Gonio-photometric data and power assessments indicate that significant lighting energy savings can be obtained by utilizing CFL sources instead of standard tungsten halogen sources. This energy savings is jointly due to the higher source efficacy of the CFLs and the surprisingly poor performance of the imported 300 W halogen lamps. Experimental data shows that a 50 - 60 W CFL will effectively lumen match a variety of 300 W tungsten halogen sources with 5 to 10 times the efficacy. CFL torchieres have additional benefits of higher power quality and cooler lamp operating temperature, making them safer fixtures.(1,2). RP Siminovitch, MJ (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,LIGHTING SYST RES GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOC NORTH AMERICA PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2377 PY 1997 BP 206 EP 214 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJ82K UT WOS:A1997BJ82K00011 ER PT J AU Driscoll, D Siminovitch, MJ Page, E AF Driscoll, D Siminovitch, MJ Page, E BE Newman, MA TI Integral CFLs performance in table lamps SO ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY OF NORTH AMERICA (IESNA) ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDING 1997 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Illuminating-Engineering-Society-of-North-America CY AUG 18-20, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Illuminating Engn Soc N Amer AB This paper focuses on performance variations associated lamp geometry and distribution in portable table luminaires. If correctly retrofit with CFLs, these high use fixtures could produce significant energy savings, but if misused, these products could instead generate consumer dissatisfaction with CFLs. It is our assertion that the distribution of the light source within the liminaire plays an critical role in total Eight output, fixture efficiency and efficacy, and perhaps most importantly, perceived brightness. We studied nearly 30 different integral (screw-based) CFLs available on the market today in search of a lamp, or group of lamps, which work best in portable table lluminaires. Our findings conclusively indicate that horizontally oriented CFLs outperform all other types of CFLs in nearly every aspect. RP Driscoll, D (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,LIGHTING SYST RES GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOC NORTH AMERICA PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2377 PY 1997 BP 215 EP 221 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJ82K UT WOS:A1997BJ82K00012 ER PT J AU Berman, S Jewett, DL AF Berman, S Jewett, DL BE Newman, MA TI Two-dimensional photometry for interior surround lighting SO ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOCIETY OF NORTH AMERICA (IESNA) ANNUAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDING 1997 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference of the Illuminating-Engineering-Society-of-North-America CY AUG 18-20, 1997 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Illuminating Engn Soc N Amer AB Photopic photometry is often found to be limited when applied to interior lighting applications. Some of these limitations arise from the large field-of-view which is typical of most lighting conditions, as well as from the various consequences of the scotopic sensitivity of the eye. We present here a new graphing procedure which makes these limitations readily apparent, and provides a clear visual means to make predictions that can be tested in lighting practice or experimental laboratories. This graphing method is intended to be used to compare lamps, the comparison being with respect to multiple variables: 1) disability glare, 2) visual effort, 3) room brightness, and 4) relative energy cost. To provide these four output measures, the graphing method uses two independent photometric parameters as inputs: 1) vertical photopic illuminance, and 2) vertical scotopic illuminance. Hence, the photometric parameters important for interior surround lighting applications are two-dimensional. Lamp efficacy is an additional constant input parameter for each lamp. This paper describes the relevant variables, the way to graphically interpret the measures, examples in the use of the graphs, and the limitations of the method. RP Berman, S (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,LIGHTING SYST RES GRP,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING SOC NORTH AMERICA PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2377 PY 1997 BP 263 EP 285 PG 23 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJ82K UT WOS:A1997BJ82K00014 ER PT B AU Barat, K AF Barat, K GP LASER INST AMER TI The challenge of laser training at a world class facility: Laser training at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer RP Barat, K (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,ENVIRONM HLTH & SAFETY DIV,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 362 EP 364 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00045 ER PT B AU Barat, K AF Barat, K GP LASER INST AMER TI A standard operating procedure guide for laser use SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB While the ANSI Z 136.1 standard requires a Standard Operating Procedure [SOP] it does not recommend or suggest an SOP format. The goal of this article is to outline, explain and suggest an SOP format that will fit a varied number of situations and laser uses. Giving the laser safety officer one more tool. The American National Standard Institute Standard Z136.1 ''Safe Use of Lasers'' calls for the preparation of an Standard Operating Procedure [SOP] with the use of class 3b and class 4 lasers. Section 4.4.1 ''The LSO should require approved written standard operating, maintenance and service procedures (SOP's) for Class 3b lasers or laser systems. The LSO shall require and approve written SOP's for Class 4 lasers or laser systems. These written SOP's shall be maintained with the laser equipment for reference by the operator, and maintenance or service personnel''. Section 4.4.5 Alignment Procedures, states ''Written Standard Operating Procedures (SOP's) outlining alignment methods should be approved for Class 3b and shall be approved for Class 4 lasers or laser systems. SOP's shall also be applicable for all classes of lasers or laser systems which contain embedded Class 3b or Class 4 lasers under conditions which allow access during alignment procedures.'' The utility of such a document is undisputed. SOP's do provide a reference document for use of the unit, machine, or procedure; for the novice, experienced user and compliance officer. What should be in such a document is open to interpretation. No one form will meet all applications. What the author hopes to demonstrate is an outline developed at his facility and how it might apply to the readers. Many firms have their own format for operating procedures. These corporate formats may not deal completely with laser issues, but with the inclusion of the items below; one imagines that they could be adapted to do so. RP Barat, K (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,ENVIRONM HLTH & SAFETY DIV,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 592 EP 597 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00074 ER PT B AU Gershon, K Peterson, G Barat, K AF Gershon, K Peterson, G Barat, K GP LASER INST AMER TI The Berkeley interlock for laser safety SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer RP Gershon, K (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 598 EP 600 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00075 ER PT B AU Barat, K AF Barat, K GP LASER INST AMER TI Laser beam control measures in the research setting SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer RP Barat, K (reprint author), LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATL LAB,ENVIRONM HLTH & SAFETY DIV,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 610 EP 611 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00077 ER PT B AU Hyer, R AF Hyer, R GP LASER INST AMER TI The laser safety program at Los Alamos National Laboratory SO ILSC'97 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL LASER SAFETY CONFERENCE, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Laser Safety Conference (ILSC 97) CY MAR 17-20, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Laser Inst Amer AB Work with lasers and laser systems must be performed with minimal exposure to laser hazards. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) organizations and personnel are required to comply with Department of Energy (DOE) Order 5480.4, ''Environmental Protection, Safety, and Health Protection Standards,'' that requires laser activities be performed in compliance with American National Standards Institute (ANSI) 2136.1, ''American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers.'' Laboratory personnel must also comply with the provisions of the written laser safety program, ''Lasers,'' which supplements the ANSI 2136.1 standard The implementation of these requirements in a research and development environment is the subject of the following paper. RP Hyer, R (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LASER INST AMERICA PI ORLANDO PA 12424 RESEARCH PKWY, STE 130, ORLANDO, FL 32826 BN 0-912035-13-7 PY 1997 BP 637 EP 641 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Optics GA BJ29K UT WOS:A1997BJ29K00081 ER PT J AU Xu, Y Uberbacher, EC AF Xu, Y Uberbacher, EC TI 2D image segmentation using minimum spanning trees SO IMAGE AND VISION COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE image segmentation; minimum spanning trees; tree partitioning; dynamic programming AB This paper presents a new algorithm for partitioning a gray-level image into connected homogeneous regions. The novelty of this algorithm lies in the fact that, by constructing a minimum spanning tree representation of a gray-level image, it reduces a region partitioning problem to a minimum spanning tree partitioning problem, and hence reduces the computational complexity of the region partitioning problem. The tree-partitioning algorithm, in essence, partitions a minimum spanning tree into subtrees, representing different homogeneous regions, by minimizing the sum of variations of gray levels over all subtrees under the constraints that each subtree should have at least a specified number of nodes, and two adjacent subtrees should have significantly different average gray-levels. Two (faster) heuristic implementations are also given for large-scale region partitioning problems. Test results have shown that the segmentation results are satisfactory and insensitive to noise. RP Xu, Y (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,INTELLIGENT SYST SECT,DIV MATH & COMP SCI,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 11 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0262-8856 J9 IMAGE VISION COMPUT JI Image Vis. Comput. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 15 IS 1 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0262-8856(96)01105-5 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA WD458 UT WOS:A1997WD45800006 ER PT B AU Hanson, KM Cunningham, GS McKee, RJ AF Hanson, KM Cunningham, GS McKee, RJ BE Hansen, KM TI Uncertainties in tomographic reconstructions based on deformable models SO IMAGE PROCESSING - MEDICAL IMAGING 1997, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 1997 Symposium - Image Processing CY FEB 25-28, 1997 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Informat Syst Consortium, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE deformable geometric models; Bayesian estimation; tomographic reconstruction; uncertainty estimation; Markov Chain Monte Carlo AB Deformable geometric models fit very naturally into the context of Bayesian analysis. The prior probability of boundary shapes is taken to proportional to the negative exponential of the deformation energy used to control the boundary. This probabilistic interpretation is demonstrated using a Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) technique, which permits one to generate configurations that populate the prior. One of many uses for deformable models is to solve ill-posed tomographic reconstruction problems, which we demonstrate by reconstructing a two-dimensional object from two orthogonal noisy projections. We show how MCMC samples drawn from the posterior can be used to estimate uncertainties in the location of the edge of the reconstructed object. RP Hanson, KM (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS P940,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Cunningham, Gregory/F-1017-2011 OI Cunningham, Gregory/0000-0001-8819-4345 NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2445-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3034 BP 276 EP 286 DI 10.1117/12.274095 PN 1&2 PG 11 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH84E UT WOS:A1997BH84E00029 ER PT B AU Battle, XL Cunningham, GS Hanson, KM AF Battle, XL Cunningham, GS Hanson, KM BE Hansen, KM TI 3D tomographic reconstruction using geometrical models SO IMAGE PROCESSING - MEDICAL IMAGING 1997, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 1997 Symposium - Image Processing CY FEB 25-28, 1997 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Informat Syst Consortium, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE Bayesian analysis; tomographic reconstruction; geometrical models; adjoint differentiation AB We address the issue of reconstructing an object of constant interior density in the context of 3D tomography where there is prior knowledge about the unknown shape. We explore the direct estimation of the parameters of a chosen geometrical model from a set of radiographic measurements, rather than performing operations (segmentation for example) on a reconstructed volume. The inverse problem is posed in the Bayesian framework. A triangulated surface. describes the unknown shape and the reconstruction is computed with a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate. The adjoint differentiation technique computes the derivatives needed for the optimization of the model parameters. We demonstrate the usefulness of the approach and emphasize the techniques of designing forward and adjoint codes. We use the system response of the University of Arizona Fast SPECT imager to illustrate this method by reconstructing the shape of a heart phantom. RP Battle, XL (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS D454,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Cunningham, Gregory/F-1017-2011 OI Cunningham, Gregory/0000-0001-8819-4345 NR 0 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2445-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3034 BP 346 EP 357 DI 10.1117/12.274121 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH84E UT WOS:A1997BH84E00035 ER PT B AU Saquib, SS Hanson, KM Cunningham, GS AF Saquib, SS Hanson, KM Cunningham, GS BE Hansen, KM TI Model-based image reconstruction from time-resolved diffusion data SO IMAGE PROCESSING - MEDICAL IMAGING 1997, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 1997 Symposium - Image Processing CY FEB 25-28, 1997 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Informat Syst Consortium, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE optical tomography; diffusion; Bayesian estimation; MAP; Markov random field; adjoint differentiation; finite-difference AB This paper addresses the issue of reconstructing the unknown field of absorption and scattering coefficients from time-resolved measurements of diffused light in a computationally efficient manner. The intended application is optical tomography, which has generated considerable interest in recent times. The inverse problem is posed in the Bayesian framework. The maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate is used to compute the reconstruction. We use an edge-preserving generalized Gaussian Markov random field to model the unknown image. The diffusion model used for the measurements is solved forward in time using a finite-difference approach known as the alternating-directions implicit method. This method requires the inversion of a tridiagonal matrix at each time step and is therefore of O(N) complexity, where N is the dimensionality of the image. Adjoint differentiation is used to compute the sensitivity of the measurements with respect to the unknown image. The novelty of our method lies in the computation of the sensitivity since we can achieve it in O(N) time as opposed to O(N-2) time required by the perturbation approach. We present results using simulated data to show that the proposed method yields superior quality reconstructions with substantial savings in computation. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Saquib, SS (reprint author), PURDUE UNIV,SCH ELECT & COMP ENGN,W LAFAYETTE,IN 47907, USA. RI Cunningham, Gregory/F-1017-2011 OI Cunningham, Gregory/0000-0001-8819-4345 NR 0 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2445-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3034 BP 369 EP 380 DI 10.1117/12.274123 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH84E UT WOS:A1997BH84E00037 ER PT B AU Battle, XL Bizais, Y AF Battle, XL Bizais, Y BE Hansen, KM TI A multidimensional approach to medical image processing SO IMAGE PROCESSING - MEDICAL IMAGING 1997, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 1997 Symposium - Image Processing CY FEB 25-28, 1997 CL NEWPORT BEACH, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Amer Assoc Physicists Med, Amer Physiol Soc, US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Natl Elect Manufacturers Assoc, Diagnost Imaging & Therapy Syst Div, Radiol Informat Syst Consortium, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Comp Applicat Radiol DE multidimensional image processing; recursive algorithms; nD fast Fourier transform AB This paper addresses the issue of writing image processing algorithms and programs that are independent of the dimension of the dataset. Such an approach aims at writing libraries and tool-boxes that will be smaller (because one routine works on all dimensions) as well as easier to debug (the more the routine is used, the easier it is debugged). The data to be processed is stored in a multi-dimensional, self-documented format describing, not only the content of the image, but also its context and the conditions of its acquisition. The work presented in this paper is based on the image kernel of the MIMOSA standard. We propose a recursive programming scheme that allows one to write general algorithms for such multi-dimensional images. Oddly enough, the design of such algorithms is easy and intuitive, thanks to the recursion. Moreover, the computational cost;remains comparable to the one of dimension-specific algorithms. The cost of the recursion is indeed negligible compared to the cost of non trivial processings. We present an implementation of a reduced version of the MIMOSA image kernel, show how elementary processing such as convolution and filtering can be easily implemented. Finally we propose an algorithm for the no Fast Fourier Transform operating on real data. RP Battle, XL (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS D454,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2445-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3034 BP 689 EP 700 DI 10.1117/12.274155 PN 1&2 PG 12 WC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BH84E UT WOS:A1997BH84E00067 ER PT B AU Theiler, J Priedhorsky, WC AF Theiler, J Priedhorsky, WC BE Schulz, TJ TI Intensity masking to get high resolution images from low quality apertures SO IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION AND RESTORATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Reconstruction and Restoration II CY JUL 28-29, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE adaptive optics; binary optics; aperture; aberrations; telescopes AB The effort and expense required to build and maintain an optical-quality telescope increases dramatically with the size of the telescope aperture,(1) and this is especially so in space. But scenarios have been proposed for deploying (for instance, inflatable) telescopes with very large but considerably less than optical-quality apertures. Our interest is in ameliorating the effects of the low quality aperture in order to exploit the raw size of the aperture to obtain high resolution images. We describe an algorithm for generating an adaptive binary mask to correct the time-varying aberrations of very large apertures which are many (possibly hundreds of) wavelengths out of figure. The technique is limited to monochromatic imagery, though the wavelength at which observations are taken can be readily changed on the dy and for earth-pointing applications, the limited light-gathering power imposed by the monochromatic filter is not a problem. The mask itself can be placed at the exit pupil of the telescope, which permits implementation on a large scale. A similar approach, in which the pixels of the mask are half-wave phase shifters instead of opaque optical elements, was described by Love ct al.(2) RP Theiler, J (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ASTROPHYS & RADIAT MEASUREMENT GRP,NIS-2,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. OI Priedhorsky, William/0000-0003-0295-9138 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2592-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3170 BP 150 EP 160 DI 10.1117/12.279712 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ95A UT WOS:A1997BJ95A00015 ER PT S AU Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS AF Volkow, ND Wang, GJ Fowler, JS BE Lester, DS Felder, CC Lewis, EN TI Imaging studies of cocaine in the human brain and studies of the cocaine addict SO IMAGING BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN THE NEUROSCIENCES SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Current and Emerging Techniques in Monitoring Brain Structure and Function CY MAR 28-29, 1996 CL BETHESDA, MD SP US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, NIMH ID POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; CEREBRAL BLOOD-FLOW; DOPAMINE TRANSPORTERS; GLUCOSE-UTILIZATION; RECEPTORS; ABUSE; USERS; NOREPINEPHRINE; COCAETHYLENE; DEPENDENCE RP Volkow, ND (reprint author), BROOKHAVEN NATL LAB, UPTON, NY 11973 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [R0IDA06891, R0IDA06278, R0IDA09490] NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-069-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 1997 VL 820 BP 41 EP 55 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb46188.x PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences; Neurosciences; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Neurosciences & Neurology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BJ18E UT WOS:A1997BJ18E00004 PM 9237448 ER PT B AU Sinclair, MB Butler, MA Ricco, AJ Kravitz, SH Zubrzycki, WJ Warren, ME AF Sinclair, MB Butler, MA Ricco, AJ Kravitz, SH Zubrzycki, WJ Warren, ME BE Descour, MR Shen, SS TI Synthetic infrared spectra for correlation spectroscopy SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Spectrometry Conference CY JUL 28-30, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE correlation spectroscopy; synthetic spectra; diffractive optics; infrared spectroscopy AB As a first step toward the development of a new remote sensing technique that we call ''holographic correlation spectroscopy(1),'' we demonstrate that diffractive optics can be used to synthesize the infrared spectra of real compounds. In particular, we have designed, fabricated, and characterized a diffractive element that successfully reproduces the major features of the spectrum of gaseous HF in the region between 3600 cm(-1) and 4300 cm(-1). The reflection-mode diffractive optic consists of 4096 lines, each 4.5 mu m wide, at 16 discrete depths relative to the substrate (from 0 to 1.2 mu m), and was fabricated on a silicon wafer using anisotropic reactive ion-beam etching in a four-mask-level process. We envision the use diffractive elements of this type to replace the cumbersome reference cells of conventional correlation spectroscopy and thereby enable a new class of compact and versatile correlation spectrometers. RP Sinclair, MB (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. OI Ricco, Antonio/0000-0002-2355-4984 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2540-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3118 BP 350 EP 356 DI 10.1117/12.292690 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BJ97Y UT WOS:A1997BJ97Y00035 ER PT S AU Waters, LC Counts, RW Smith, RR Jenkins, RA AF Waters, LC Counts, RW Smith, RR Jenkins, RA BE Aga, DS Thurman, EM TI Studies on the applications of an immunoassay for mercury SO IMMUNOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Review CT Symposium on Immunochemical Technology for Environmental Applications, at the 211th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 24-29, 1996 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Environm Chem Inc AB Immunoassays (IAs) are rapidly becoming a significant component of the arsenal of field analytical methods. Validation of such alternative methods is necessary for their acceptance by the regulatory agencies and potential users. As part of a program to evaluate the performance of such methods, the capacity of the BiMelyze (BioNebraska, Inc.) immunoassay-based method to measure mercury in soil and sludge was examined. Results showed that the immunoassay method performed as well as either X-ray fluorescence or neutron activation methods for the analysis of mercury in contaminated soil samples. The method was also shown to be capable of detecting as little as 2.5 ppm mercury in sludge from a waste water treatment plant. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV MATH & COMP SCI, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP Waters, LC (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV CHEM & ANALYT SCI, POB 2008, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3487-6 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 1997 VL 657 BP 280 EP 289 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA BH17H UT WOS:A1997BH17H00023 ER PT J AU Lennon, AM Ottone, C Rigaud, G Deaven, LL Longmire, J Fellous, M Bono, R AlcaideLoridan, C AF Lennon, AM Ottone, C Rigaud, G Deaven, LL Longmire, J Fellous, M Bono, R AlcaideLoridan, C TI Isolation of a B-cell-specific promoter for the human class II transactivator SO IMMUNOGENETICS LA English DT Article ID BARE LYMPHOCYTE SYNDROME; INTERFERON-GAMMA; DNA-BINDING; TRANSCRIPTION; GENES; EXPRESSION; COMPLEMENTATION; ACTIVATION; DEFICIENCY; CIITA AB The class II transactivator (CIITA) is essential for the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens. The tissular patterns of CIITA and MHC class II gene expression are tightly correlated: CIITA mRNA is highly expressed in B cells, and is induced by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in macrophage and epithelial cell lines. We first isolated two overlapping cosmids encoding human CIITA which, when co-transfected, are able to restore MHC class II expression in a B-lymphoblastoid cell line (B-LCL) defective for CIITA. Subsequently, a 1.8 kilobase (kb) fragment of the CIITA promoter was isolated and sequenced. A motif presenting a strong similarity to an initiator was detected, as well as putative binding sites for Spl, GATA-2, LyF-1, ets-1, AP1, and MZF1 transcription factors, and two GAS motifs. When introduced in front of a luciferase reporter gene, this promoter is able to direct a high luciferase activity in a human B-LCL. In contrast, luciferase expression was not stimulated after IFN-gamma treatment when the construct was transfected in macrophage or in epithelial cell lines. However, an induction of the human CIITA gene was observed in mouse macrophage and fibrosarcoma cell lines, when the cells were transfected with a cosmid containing the human CIITA gene, but lacking the 1.8 kb promoter described above. Taken together, these data suggest the existence of an intragenic promoter driving an IFN-gamma-inducible expression of CIITA. C1 INST PASTEUR,INSERM,U276,UNITE IMMUNOGENET HUMAINE,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. INST PASTEUR,INSERM,U276,UNITE IMMUNOGENET,F-75724 PARIS 15,FRANCE. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME STUDIES,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV CHILE,FAC CIENCIAS,DEPT BIOL,SANTIAGO,CHILE. RI Lennon-Dumenil, Ana-Maria/I-6716-2016 NR 40 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 SN 0093-7711 J9 IMMUNOGENETICS JI Immunogenetics PY 1997 VL 45 IS 4 BP 266 EP 273 DI 10.1007/s002510050202 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology GA WJ493 UT WOS:A1997WJ49300005 PM 9002447 ER PT B AU Gilbert, ES AF Gilbert, ES BE Boice, JD TI Combined analysis of studies of nuclear workers SO IMPLICATIONS OF NEW DATA ON RADIATION CANCER RISK SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL ON RADIATION PROTECTION AND MEASUREMENTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the National-Council-on-Radiation-Protection-and-Measurements on Implications of New Data on Radiation Cancer Risk CY APR 03-04, 1996 CL ARLINGTON, VA SP Natl Council Radiat Protect & Measurements C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,RICHLAND,WA 99352. RP Gilbert, ES (reprint author), NCI,BETHESDA,MD 20892, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL COUNCIL RADIATION PROTECTION MEASUREMENTS PI BETHESDA PA 7910 WOODMONT AVE, SUITE 1016, BETHESDA, MD 20814 BN 0-929600-55-X J9 P NAT C RAD PY 1997 IS 18 BP 97 EP 111 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BH87C UT WOS:A1997BH87C00007 ER PT S AU Turner, WJ Brown, R Rael, D AF Turner, WJ Brown, R Rael, D GP IEEE INSTRUMENTAT & MEASUREMENT SOC TI Instrumentation system to implement LEAK TEST PROGRAM SO IMTC/97 - IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE: SENSING, PROCESSING, NETWORKING, PROCEEDINGS VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference - Sensing, Processing, Networking (IMTC/97) CY MAY 19-21, 1997 CL OTTAWA, CANADA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, IEEE Ottawa Sect AB HVAC equipment, gloveboxes, and other types of enclosures are required to meet rigid well-defined leak rates when they are to be installed in a nuclear facility. This paper describes two implementations of an instrumentation system that is used to test leak rates on heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) plenums, gloveboxes, and experimental chambers, etc. One of the implementations used a programmable logic controller (PLC). The other used what is probably a simpler system based on FlexNet(C) modules. The emphasis on both systems was on automatic data collection, automatic report generation, and validation of the test results to ERDA 76-21 and ASME-N510. The data are collected using input modules connected to the PLC in one case. In the other case the data are collected using the FlexNet(C) modules. In both cases, the data are stored and the reports are generated in a spreadsheet. RP Turner, WJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,BOX 1663,MS E583,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 SN 1091-5281 BN 0-7803-3748-4 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 1997 BP 307 EP 310 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Computer Science; Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BH95G UT WOS:A1997BH95G00059 ER PT B AU Emanuel, MA Skidmore, JA Beach, RJ AF Emanuel, MA Skidmore, JA Beach, RJ BE Choi, HK Zory, PS TI High-power laser diodes at various wavelengths SO IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS: FROM ULTRAVIOLET TO MIDINFRARED SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers - From Ultraviolet to Midinfrared CY FEB 10-13, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE laser diode; InAlGaAs; AlGaAs; GOD; Yb:S-FAP; Yb:YAG; PDT AB High power laser diodes at various wavelengths are described. First, performance and reliability of an optimized large transverse mode diode structure at 808 and 941 nm are presented. Next, data are presented on a 9.5 kW peak power array at 900 nm having a narrow emission bandwidth suitable for pumping Yb:S-FAP laser materials. Finally, results on a fiber-coupled laser diode array at similar to 730 nm are presented. RP Emanuel, MA (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,7000 EAST AVE,MAIL STOP L-441,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2412-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3001 BP 2 EP 6 DI 10.1117/12.273775 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH84D UT WOS:A1997BH84D00001 ER PT B AU Allerman, AA Biefeld, RM Kurtz, SR AF Allerman, AA Biefeld, RM Kurtz, SR BE Choi, HK Zory, PS TI InAsSb-based mid-infrared lasers (3.5-3.9 mu m) and light-emitting diodes with AlAsSb claddings and semi-metal electron injection grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition SO IN-PLANE SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS: FROM ULTRAVIOLET TO MIDINFRARED SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In-Plane Semiconductor Lasers - From Ultraviolet to Midinfrared CY FEB 10-13, 1997 CL SAN JOSE, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE AlAsSb; InAsSb; mid-infrared lasers; ethyldimethylamine alane; MOCVD AB Mid-infrared (3-5 mu m) lasers and LED's are being developed for use in chemical sensor systems. As-rich, InAsSb heterostructures display unique electronic properties that are beneficial to the performance of these midwave infrared emitters. The metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth of AlAs1-xSbx cladding layers and InAsSb/InAsP superlattice active regions are described, A regrowth technique has been used to fabricate gain-guided, injection lasers using undoped (p-type) AlAs0.16Sb0.84 for optical confinement. In device studies, we demonstrate lasers and LEDs utilizing the semi-metal properties of a p-GaAsSb/n-InAs heterojunction as a source for injection of electrons into the active region of emitters. This avoids the difficulties associated with n-type doping of AlAsSb cladding layers required for conventional p-n junction lasers and also provides a means for construction of active regions with multiple gain stages. Gain guided injected lasers employing a strained InAsSb/InAs multi-quantum well active region operated up to 210 K in pulsed mode, with an emission wavelength of 3.8-3.9 mu m. A characteristic temperature of 40 K was observed to 140 K and 29 K from 140 K to 210 K. An optically pumped laser with an InAsSb/InAsP superlattice active region is also described. The maximum operating temperature of this 3.7 mu m laser was 240 K. RP Allerman, AA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2412-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3001 BP 336 EP 343 DI 10.1117/12.273803 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BH84D UT WOS:A1997BH84D00036 ER PT B AU Clement, TP Sun, YW Hooker, BS Petersen, JN AF Clement, TP Sun, YW Hooker, BS Petersen, JN GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Modeling natural attenuation of contaminants in saturated groundwater SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 1 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB Details of the multi-species, biologically-reactive transport code, RT3D (Reactive Transport in 3-Dimensions), capable of predicting bioreactive transport in three-dimensional, saturated groundwater are presented. The presented numerical model is a useful tool for analyzing the fate and transport of different types of contaminant plumes under natural attenuation conditions. The model predictions can be used for designing monitoring network and/or for forecasting contaminant exposure levels and environmental risks at sensitive, down-gradient receptors. RP Clement, TP (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(1) IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89S UT WOS:A1997BH89S00010 ER PT B AU Holman, HYN Tsang, YYW AF Holman, HYN Tsang, YYW GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Biomineralization of residual hydrocarbons in the water table fluctuation zone SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 1 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(1) IS 1 BP 81 EP 81 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89S UT WOS:A1997BH89S00018 ER PT B AU Manning, JF Boopathy, R AF Manning, JF Boopathy, R GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI In situ biodegradation of explosives-contaminated soil SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 2 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(2) IS 2 BP 59 EP 60 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89T UT WOS:A1997BH89T00016 ER PT B AU Bhupathiraju, VK Alvarez-Cohen, L Conrad, ME Templeton, A Daley, PF Hernandez, M Holman, HYN Hunt Jr Krauter, P AF Bhupathiraju, VK Alvarez-Cohen, L Conrad, ME Templeton, A Daley, PF Hernandez, M Holman, HYN Hunt, JR Krauter, P GP BATTELLE MEM INST BATTELLE MEM INST BATTELLE MEM INST TI Innovative techniques for assessment of intrinsic bioremediation at Alameda Naval Air Station SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 2 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY, LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB, BERKELEY, CA 94720 USA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB, LIVERMORE, CA USA. UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 USA BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(2) IS 2 BP 299 EP 299 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89T UT WOS:A1997BH89T00072 ER PT B AU Muller, C Reardon, KF Cherry, RS AF Muller, C Reardon, KF Cherry, RS GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Fluorescence monitoring of microbial activity in biofilters SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 2 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 COLORADO STATE UNIV,FT COLLINS,CO 80523. IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. RI Reardon, Kenneth/A-1952-2016 OI Reardon, Kenneth/0000-0002-7753-4049 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(2) IS 2 BP 319 EP 319 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89T UT WOS:A1997BH89T00078 ER PT B AU Pickering, IJ Prince, RC AF Pickering, IJ Prince, RC GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI X-ray absorption spectroscopy as a probe of elemental speciation SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 2 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB An effective bioremediation strategy for metals and metalloids must take the chemical state of the contaminants into account. The oxidation state and local atomic environment of contaminants critically affect such factors as their mobility, reactivity and toxicity, and hence the remediation strategy which might be applied. Since contamination exists in diverse environments, it is very likely that the chemical state of the contaminant will be site specific. X-ray absorption spectroscopy provides a unique tool for determining the chemical form of contaminants in most matrices with minimal pretreatment of the sample. RP Pickering, IJ (reprint author), STANFORD SYNCHROTRON RADIAT LAB,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. RI Pickering, Ingrid/A-4547-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(2) IS 2 BP 381 EP 386 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89T UT WOS:A1997BH89T00091 ER PT B AU Truex, MJ Hooker, BS Skeen, RS Peyton, BM Johnson, CD Anderson, DB AF Truex, MJ Hooker, BS Skeen, RS Peyton, BM Johnson, CD Anderson, DB GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Field test results for in situ bioremediation of carbon tetrachloride SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 3 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,RICHLAND,WA 99352. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(3) IS 3 BP 9 EP 9 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89U UT WOS:A1997BH89U00003 ER PT B AU Salvo, JJ Klecka, GM Davis, JW Heitkamp, MA Odom, JM Lee, MD Pfiffner, SL Palumbo, AV DeWeerd, KA Steele, SJ AF Salvo, JJ Klecka, GM Davis, JW Heitkamp, MA Odom, JM Lee, MD Pfiffner, SL Palumbo, AV DeWeerd, KA Steele, SJ GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Microbial characterization of sites exhibiting chlorinated solvent-degrading activity SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 3 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 GE CO,SCHENECTADY,NY. DOW CHEM CO USA,MIDLAND,MI 48674. MONSANTO CO,ST LOUIS,MO. DUPONT CO INC,WILMINGTON,DE. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(3) IS 3 BP 281 EP 281 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89U UT WOS:A1997BH89U00068 ER PT B AU Palumbo, AV Pfiffner, SM Payne, C Lee, M Phelps, TJ AF Palumbo, AV Pfiffner, SM Payne, C Lee, M Phelps, TJ GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Monitoring bacterial, populations and activities: Accelerated and intrinsic bioremediation sites SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 3 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,OAK RIDGE,TN. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. DUPONT CO INC,WILMINGTON,DE 19898. RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(3) IS 3 BP 295 EP 295 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89U UT WOS:A1997BH89U00075 ER PT B AU Rege, MA BerededSamuel, Y Petersen, JN Johnstone, DL Yonge, DR Apel, WA AF Rege, MA BerededSamuel, Y Petersen, JN Johnstone, DL Yonge, DR Apel, WA GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Kinetic modeling of selenium biodegradation under denitrifying conditions SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 3 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(3) IS 3 BP 399 EP 399 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89U UT WOS:A1997BH89U00102 ER PT B AU Schmieman, EA Yonge, DR Petersen, JN Johnstone, DL Churchill, SA Apel, WA Turick, CE AF Schmieman, EA Yonge, DR Petersen, JN Johnstone, DL Churchill, SA Apel, WA Turick, CE GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Kinetics of the bacterial reduction of chromium SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 3 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(3) IS 3 BP 435 EP 435 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89U UT WOS:A1997BH89U00112 ER PT B AU Bolton, H Girvin, DC Xun, LY AF Bolton, H Girvin, DC Xun, LY GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Biodegradation of mobile radionuclide and metal-EDTA complexes SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 3 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,RICHLAND,WA 99352. WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,RICHLAND,WA. RI Bolton, Harvey/E-5583-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(3) IS 3 BP 437 EP 437 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89U UT WOS:A1997BH89U00113 ER PT B AU Burlage, RS Palumbo, A Matrubutham, U Sayler, GS AF Burlage, RS Palumbo, A Matrubutham, U Sayler, GS GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Field application of genetically engineered microorganisms for PAH bioremediation: Lessons learned SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 4 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr RP Burlage, RS (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(4) IS 4 BP 77 EP 77 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89V UT WOS:A1997BH89V00018 ER PT B AU OConnell, SP Lehman, RM Colwell, FS Watwood, ME AF OConnell, SP Lehman, RM Colwell, FS Watwood, ME GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Microbiological monitoring of contaminants in a fractured basalt aquifer SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 4 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB Indigenous groundwater microbial communities were evaluated for their usefulness in reflecting the presence of contaminants including trichloroethylene (TCE). Groundwater was collected from wells in and around a contaminant plume in the Snake River Plain Aquifer and inoculated directly into Biolog GN microplates to produce a community-level physiological profile (CLPP) based on the respiration of 95 sole carbon sources. Principal components analyses of the carbon source utilization pattern (CSUP) produced by the CLPP method allow rapid, quantitative comparison of microbial communities. Preliminary results demonstrated differences in CSUP from wells with dissimilar organic carbon concentration, lithology, and screened-interval depth. Groundwater from wells with similar screened-interval lithology, depth, and magnitude of gross CLPP response but different TCE concentrations exhibited significantly different CSUP. Trends in community response from TCE contaminated wells followed a pattern from most impacted (6,200 and 3,900 mu g/L) to lesser impacted (0.9 to 56 mu g/L) groundwaters. Even in a geologically heterogeneous site, CLPP of indigenous microorganisms can be correlated with contaminant concentration and may be useful for ecological risk assessment and the determination of relevant remediation endpoints. RP OConnell, SP (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(4) IS 4 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89V UT WOS:A1997BH89V00028 ER PT B AU Pfiffner, SM Siegrist, R Ringelberg, DB Palumbo, AV AF Pfiffner, SM Siegrist, R Ringelberg, DB Palumbo, AV GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Bioremediation processes demonstrated at a controlled gasoline release site SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 4 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 OAK RIDGE INST SCI & EDUC,OAK RIDGE,TN. COLORADO SCH MINES,GOLDEN,CO 80401. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(4) IS 4 BP 117 EP 117 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89V UT WOS:A1997BH89V00029 ER PT B AU Sherwood, JL Petersen, JN Skeen, RS AF Sherwood, JL Petersen, JN Skeen, RS GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Biodegradation of trichloroethane under denitrifying conditions SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 4 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV,PULLMAN,WA 99164. BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,RICHLAND,WA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(4) IS 4 BP 157 EP 157 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89V UT WOS:A1997BH89V00039 ER PT B AU Tucker, MD Barton, LL Thomson, BM AF Tucker, MD Barton, LL Thomson, BM GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Reduction and immobilization of molybdenum by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 4 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV NEW MEXICO,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(4) IS 4 BP 195 EP 195 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89V UT WOS:A1997BH89V00048 ER PT B AU Peyton, BM Hooker, BS Truex, MJ Butcher, MG AF Peyton, BM Hooker, BS Truex, MJ Butcher, MG GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Pulsed nutrient injection for improved biomass distribution SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 4 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,RICHLAND,WA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(4) IS 4 BP 273 EP 273 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89V UT WOS:A1997BH89V00063 ER PT B AU Schaller, KD Lee, BD Apel, WA Watwood, ME AF Schaller, KD Lee, BD Apel, WA Watwood, ME GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Catalytic stimulation of perchloroethylene reductive dechlorination SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 4 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 IDAHO STATE UNIV,POCATELLO,ID 83209. IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(4) IS 4 BP 483 EP 483 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89V UT WOS:A1997BH89V00107 ER PT B AU Ford, RM Jin, MH Cummings, PT Chen, KC AF Ford, RM Jin, MH Cummings, PT Chen, KC GP BATTELLE MEM INST TI Quantitative characterization of bacterial migration through porous media SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 4 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(4) IS 4 BP 573 EP 573 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89V UT WOS:A1997BH89V00128 ER PT B AU OConnor, LE Phelps, TJ Carroll, SL Bienkowski, PR AF OConnor, LE Phelps, TJ Carroll, SL Bienkowski, PR GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Chlorocarbon degradation by microorganisms immobilized in polyurethane SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB Hydrogels and urethane foams have limitations that hamper their use as immobilization matrices for degradative microorganisms, including those that degrade TCE. For example, hydrogels lack sufficient physical strength for many industrial or environmental applications and some require positive metal ions for structure stability. Although semi-rigid and inert, the required use of prepolymer hardening agents to set-up urethane foams often results in low bacteria viability (typically < .01%) after encapsulation. To improve survivability, biodegradative potential and applicability of immobilized bacteria for long term bioremedial treatment, we investigated prepolymers with lower solvent content, protective agents, and altered physiological state of the bacteria. The greatest improvement (>1000 fold) in viability and degradative capacity was with the alteration of metabolic state. When several Gram negative bacteria were grown in defined media, without vitamins or amino acids, 1-3 days prior to exposure to the urethane prepolymer, viability increased from .001% up to 30% in P. putida and .01% up to 20% in B, cepacia. After nutrient supplementation, the encapsulated bacteria respired CO2 as measured by gas chromatography and co-metabolized TCE; up to 90% transformation of 2ppm TCE in 24 hours. Therefore, by encapsulating metabolically altered bacteria in polyurethane foam one provides an inert, rugged matrix suitable for industrial and environmental applications without sacrificing bacterial viability or metabolic potential. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. UNIV TENNESSEE,KNOXVILLE,TN 37996. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 103 EP 103 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00025 ER PT B AU Gostomski, P Olson, G Sisson, J AF Gostomski, P Olson, G Sisson, J GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Effect of biofilter water content on air and water advection SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB Controlling the water content in biofilters is a difficult problem at all scales of biofiltration. Due to their low water content, biofilters require a proper balancing of the different water phase properties such as volumetric content and matrix potential to maintain appropriate air and water flow. Changes in the volumetric water content affect the percentage of free air space which affects the air permeability in the reactor. Interactions between the water phase and the porous matrix influence the water advection rate by changing both the water potential and the hydraulic conductivity of the material. These parameters determine the rate water will redistribute within the system, thereby determining the degree of control of the water phase in the system. In addition, inert bulking agents are often added to the biologically active material for improved gas and water advection. Little information is available on how the air and water properties change with changes in the water content in the different biofilter materials. The maintenance of a desired water content requires a knowledge of the parameters governing the movement of air and water through the porous material. The relationship between volumetric water content and the gas and water advection rates will be presented for selected porous matrices. Time domain reflectometry (TDR), tensiometry and constant flux infiltration will be used to determine the effect of water content on the hydraulic conductivity and air permeability for materials with a range of surface and physical properties. Materials tested will include typical biofilter materials such as compost, peat and granular activated carbon. The effect of inert bulking agents on the advective properties of the system will also be determined. The water hydraulic conductivity coupled with air permeability will permit an estimation of the maximum bed depth over which the water content levels can be maintained, while maintaining appropriate pressure drops. C1 IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 105 EP 105 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00026 ER PT B AU Mormile, MR Peyton, BM AF Mormile, MR Peyton, BM GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Use of halophilic denitrifying bacteria for nitrate removal in high-salt solutions SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,RICHLAND,WA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 265 EP 265 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00060 ER PT B AU Domingo, JWS Bumgarner, BE Altman, DJ Berry, CJ Hazen, TC AF Domingo, JWS Bumgarner, BE Altman, DJ Berry, CJ Hazen, TC GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Physiological response of subsurface microbial communities to nutrient additions SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB Studies were conducted to evaluate the physiological response of subsurface microbial communities to nutrient addition campaigns implemented as part of an landfill in situ bioremediation project. Different injection campaigns were performed throughout this study involving the addition of air, with triethylphosphate (TEP), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane. Samples were taken from saturated zone piezometer wells and analyzed for the following parameters: direct and viable counts, frequency of dividing cells, and percent of cells hybridizing to eubacterial rRNA targeting probes. Less than 2% of the microscopical counts from the saturated zone hybridized to an eubacterial probe before any of the injection campaigns. However, the number of hybridizing cells increased to nearly 42% after air injections, reaching a maximum of 63% a few weeks later. A steady decrease in the number of hybridizing cells was observed after maximum activity was reached, despite additional nutrient campaigns. In contrast, direct and viable counts, and the frequency of dividing cells remained relatively unchanged after the initial microbial biomass stimulation. Interestingly, the ratio of beta and gamma Proteobacteria changed during this period suggesting that nutrient campaigns had an effect in the in situ microbial community structure. RP Domingo, JWS (reprint author), WESTINGHOUSE SAVANNAH RIVER CO,SAVANNAH RIVER LAB,AIKEN,SC 29808, USA. RI Hazen, Terry/C-1076-2012 OI Hazen, Terry/0000-0002-2536-9993 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00069 ER PT B AU Brockman, FJ AF Brockman, FJ GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Prospects for more rapid, economical, and robust biomolecular monitoring SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr RP Brockman, FJ (reprint author), BATTELLE PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 317 EP 318 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00072 ER PT B AU Peyton, BM Brockman, FJ Truex, MJ Stahl, DA AF Peyton, BM Brockman, FJ Truex, MJ Stahl, DA GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Monitoring rRNA levels during in situ bioremediation using groundwater and biomass collection devices SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,RICHLAND,WA. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,EVANSTON,IL 60208. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 325 EP 325 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00074 ER PT B AU Keener, WK Watwood, ME Apel, WA AF Keener, WK Watwood, ME Apel, WA GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Probes for enzyme-dependent fluorescent labeling of bacteria degrading trichloroethylene SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB Alternative substrates for the trichloroethylene-degrading toluene 2,3-dioxygenase pathway of several pseudomonads served as enzyme-activity-dependent fluorescent probes for the bacteria. Phenylacetylene and cinnamonitrile were fluorogenic substrates for Pseudomonas putida Fl, Pseudomonas fluorescens CFS215, and Pseudomonas strain JS150. Active bacteria accumulated the fluorescent ring-fission products 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-octyn-2,4-dienoate and 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-8-cyanoocta-2,4,7-trienoate from phenylacetylene and cinnamonitrile, respectively. Bacteria expressing other toluene-degrading enzymatic pathways were not fluorescently labeled, including Burkholderia cepacia G4, Pseudomonas putida mt-2, and Pseudomonas mendocina KR1. Synthesis of the enzymes involved in labeling was induced by growth (on arginine) in the presence of toluene; cells grown on arginine without toluene were not labeled. Labeling of P. putida Fl by phenylacetylene was inhibited by toluene, indicating that the same enzymatic pathway was required for transformations of both substrates. Phenylacetylene treatment resulted in green, fluorescently labeled bacteria concentrated on black 0.2 mu m-pore-size polycarbonate filters containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a wetting agent. Exposure to cinnamonitrile produced orange fluorescence in cells on PVP-free polycarbonate filters. RP Keener, WK (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 327 EP 332 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00075 ER PT B AU Brockman, FJ Chandler, DP Li, SMW Kittel, J AF Brockman, FJ Chandler, DP Li, SMW Kittel, J GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Use of PCR and classic methods to verify natural attenuation SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,RICHLAND,WA. MIDWEST RES INST,KANSAS CITY,MO. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 345 EP 345 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00078 ER PT B AU Zhou, JZ Palumbo, AV StrongGunderson, J AF Zhou, JZ Palumbo, AV StrongGunderson, J GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Phylogenetic characterization of bacteria capable of degrading carbon tetrachloride SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN. RI Palumbo, Anthony/A-4764-2011 OI Palumbo, Anthony/0000-0002-1102-3975 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 347 EP 347 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00079 ER PT B AU OBrien, RF Gilbert, RO AF OBrien, RF Gilbert, RO GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Sample designs using in situ measurements SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB Traditional Statistical sample designs can be efficiently improved upon by the use of in situ measurements that are correlated with a contaminant of concern. Two designs will be discussed; ranked set sampling and linear regression double sampling, where in situ measurements are combined with a subset of laboratory measurements to achieve a more resource effective sample collection design that can provide more precise estimates than either simple or systematic sampling techniques. Discussion will cover general design methodology and estimation techniques for each design, as well as practical considerations and examples. RP OBrien, RF (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,POB 999,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 357 EP 362 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00082 ER PT B AU OBrien, RF Gilbert, RO AF OBrien, RF Gilbert, RO GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Statistical issues when comparing a site to background SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr AB Several statistical techniques have been proposed in the environmental literature for the comparison of a possibly contaminated site to a background standard. These statistical techniques are often used to determine lists of possible contaminants of concern at a site or to determine whether a site meets regulatory compliance. This paper discusses certain approaches used to determine the possible contamination scenario of a site and certain decision errors rates associated with these approaches. Recommendations will be made on which contamination scenarios and statistical tests are most compatible in terms of reducing decision error. RP OBrien, RF (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,POB 999,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 367 EP 372 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00085 ER PT B AU Jerger, DE Anderson, DB Hooker, BS Skeen, RS AF Jerger, DE Anderson, DB Hooker, BS Skeen, RS GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Scale-up in situ bioremediation for chloroethenes SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 OHM CORP,FINDLAY,OH. BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,RICHLAND,WA 99352. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 411 EP 411 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00093 ER PT B AU Manning, JF Kulpa, CC Breyfogle, B AF Manning, JF Kulpa, CC Breyfogle, B GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Field demonstration of a bioslurry reactor for explosives-contaminated soil: Success, concerns, and economics SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV NOTRE DAME,NOTRE DAME,IN 46556. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 471 EP 471 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00106 ER PT B AU Gao, JW Skeen, RS Hooker, BS AF Gao, JW Skeen, RS Hooker, BS GP BATTELE MEM INST TI Process scale-up considerations for in situ reductive dechlorination of chloroethenes SO IN SITU AND ON-SITE BIOREMEDIATION, VOL 5 SE BIOREMEDIATION SERIES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium CY APR 28-MAY 01, 1997 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Battelle Mem Inst, Ajou Univ, Coll Engn, Amer Petr Inst, Asian Inst Technol, Biotreatment News, Fluor Daniel GTI, Gas Res Inst, Inst Francais Petr, Japan Res Inst Ltd, Mitsubishi Corp, Natl Ctr Integrated Bioremediat Res & Dev, OHM Remediat Serv Corp, Parsons Engn Sci Inc, Umweltbundesamt, Germany, USAF Armstrong Lab Environ Directorate, USAF Ctr Environm Excellence, US EPA, USN Facil Engn Ser Ctr, Waste Management Inc, Water Technol Int Corp, W Reg Hazardous Subst Res Ctr C1 BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,RICHLAND,WA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BATTELLE PRESS PI COLUMBUS PA 505 KING AVE, COLUMBUS, OH 43201 BN 1-57477-031-4 J9 BIOREMED SER PY 1997 VL 4(5) IS 5 BP 561 EP 561 PG 1 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BH89W UT WOS:A1997BH89W00124 ER PT B AU Cline, SR West, OR Siegrist, RL Holden, WL AF Cline, SR West, OR Siegrist, RL Holden, WL BE Evans, JC TI Performance of in situ chemical oxidation field demonstrations DOE sites. SO IN SITU REMEDIATION OF THE GEOENVIRONMENT: PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE SE GEOTECHNICAL SPECIAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on In Situ Remediation of the Geoenvironment CY OCT 05-08, 1997 CL MINNEAPOLIS, MN SP Geo Inst, Amer Soc Civil Engineers, Environm Engn Div AB Researchers at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have been investigating in situ chemical oxidation as a treatment technology to remediate organic contaminants (VOCs, SVOCs, and PCBs) in soils and groundwater. Field scale design parameters (e.g., oxidant loading rates and oxidant delivery techniques) are often; dictated by site conditions (e.g., soil propel-ties and initial contaminant concentrations). Chemical destruction of. organic compounds can be accomplished using a variety of oxidants. The process is effective for a wide range of intial contaminant concentrations including pure phase DNAPL. Recent research has involved field scare in situ chemical oxidation demonstrations using H2O2 and KMnO4 in conjunction with soil mixing as the oxidant delivery; mechanism. A description of some of these field activities and future field work is presented here. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cline, SR (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER, 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017-2398 USA BN 0-7844-0278-7 J9 GEOTECH SP PY 1997 IS 71 BP 338 EP 348 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA BL34J UT WOS:000075211100024 ER PT B AU Dohner, JL Hinnerichs, TD Lauffer, JP Kwan, CM Regelbrugge, ME Shankar, N AF Dohner, JL Hinnerichs, TD Lauffer, JP Kwan, CM Regelbrugge, ME Shankar, N BE Sater, JM TI Active chatter control in a milling machine SO INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES: SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1997 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies, at Smart Structures and Materials 1997 Meeting CY MAR 04-06, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Amer Soc Mech engineers, USAF Wright Lab, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Phys Soc, Div Mat Phys, Ceram Soc Japan, USA Res Lab DE milling; controls; chatter AB The use of active feedback compensation to mitigate cutting instabilities in an advanced milling machine is discussed in this paper. A linear structural model delineating dynamics significant to the onset of cutting instabilities was combined with a nonlinear cutting model to form a dynamic depiction of an existing milling machine. The model was validated with experimental data. Modifications made to an existing machine model were used to predict alterations in dynamics due to the integration of active feedback compensation. From simulations, subcomponent requirements were evaluated and cutting enhancements were predicted. Active compensation was shown to enable more than double the metal removal rate over conventional milling machines. RP Dohner, JL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,MS0439,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2457-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3044 BP 281 EP 294 DI 10.1117/12.274672 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BH98C UT WOS:A1997BH98C00028 ER PT B AU Redmond, J Barney, P Smith, D AF Redmond, J Barney, P Smith, D BE Sater, JM TI Development of an active boring bar for increased chatter immunity SO INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF SMART STRUCTURES TECHNOLOGIES: SMART STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS 1997 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Industrial and Commercial Applications of Smart Structures Technologies, at Smart Structures and Materials 1997 Meeting CY MAR 04-06, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, Soc Exptl Mech Inc, Amer Soc Mech engineers, USAF Wright Lab, Def Adv Res Projects Agcy, Intelligent Mat Forum, Japan, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Phys Soc, Div Mat Phys, Ceram Soc Japan, USA Res Lab DE boring bar; chatter; active control; vibration suppression AB The development and initial evaluation of a prototype boring bar featuring active vibration control for increased chatter immunity is described. The significance of active damping both normal and tangential to the workpiece surface is evaluated, indicating the need for two axis control to ensure adequate performance over expected variations in tool mounting procedures. The prototype tool features a commercially available boring bar modified to accommodate four PZT stack actuators for two axis bending control. Measured closed-loop dynamics are combined with a computer model of the boring process to simulate increased metal removal rate and improved workpiece surface finish through application of feedback control. RP Redmond, J (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2457-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3044 BP 295 EP 306 DI 10.1117/12.274673 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BH98C UT WOS:A1997BH98C00029 ER PT S AU Kurtz, SR Biefeld, RM Allerman, AA AF Kurtz, SR Biefeld, RM Allerman, AA BE Manaasreh, MO Myers, TH Julien, FH TI Novel mid-infrared lasers with compressively strained InAsSb active regions SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS - MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors - Materials, Processing and Devices, at 1996 MRS Fall Meeting / 1996 International Conference on Electronic Materials CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Mid-infrared lasers grown by MOCVD with AlAsSb claddings and strained InAsSb active regions are reported. A 3.8-3.9 mu m injection laser with a pseudomorphic InAsSb multiple quantum well active region lased at 210 K under pulsed operation. A semi-metal layer acts as an internal electron source for the injection laser. An optically pumped laser with an InAsSb/InAsP strained-layer superlattice active region was demonstrated at 3.7 mu m, 240 K. RP Kurtz, SR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-354-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 450 BP 23 EP 29 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BH52B UT WOS:A1997BH52B00003 ER PT S AU Allerman, AA Biefeld, RM Kurtz, SR AF Allerman, AA Biefeld, RM Kurtz, SR BE Manaasreh, MO Myers, TH Julien, FH TI Preparation of AlAsSb and mid-infrared (3-5 mu m) lasers by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS - MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors - Materials, Processing and Devices, at 1996 MRS Fall Meeting / 1996 International Conference on Electronic Materials CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Mid-infrared (3-5 mu m) infrared lasers and LEDs are being developed for use in chemical sensor systems. As-rich, InAsSb heterostructures display unique electronic properties that are beneficial to the performance of these midwave infrared emitters. We have grown AlAs1-xSbx epitaxial layers by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition using trimethylamine (TMAA) or ethyldimethylamine alane (EDMAA), triethylantimony (TESb) and arsine. We examined the growth of AlAs1-xSbx using temperatures of 500 to 600 degrees C, pressures of 70 to 630 torr, V/III ratios of 1-27, and growth rates of 0.3 to 2.7 mu m/hour in a horizontal quartz reactor. The semi-metal properties of a p-GaAsSb/n-InAs heterojunction are utilized as a soul ce for injection of electrons into the active region of lasers. A regrowth technique has been used to fabricate gain-guided lasers using AlAs1-xSbx for optical confinement with either a strained InAsSb/InAs multi-quantum well (MQW) or an InAsSb/InAsP strained layer superlattice (SLS) as the active region. Under pulsed injection, the InAsSb/InAs MQW laser operated up to 210K with an emission wavelength of 3.8-3.9 mu m. Under pulsed optical pumping, the InAsSb/InAsP SLS operated to 240K with an emission wavelength of 3.5-3.7 mu m. LED emission has been observed with both active regions in both p-n junction and semi-metal injection structures. RP Allerman, AA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-354-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 450 BP 43 EP 48 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BH52B UT WOS:A1997BH52B00005 ER PT S AU Lyo, SK AF Lyo, SK BE Manaasreh, MO Myers, TH Julien, FH TI Infra-red tunneling absorption in semiconductor double quantum wells in tilted magnetic fields SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS - MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors - Materials, Processing and Devices, at 1996 MRS Fall Meeting / 1996 International Conference on Electronic Materials CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Using a linear response theory, interwell-tunneling absorption of infra-red photons is calculated in a double-quantum-well structure with a wide center barrier in tilted magnetic fields. Tunneling occurs between the ground sublevels of the two quantum wells, with an energy difference that is tunable. The absorption intensity depends strongly on the temperature and the carrier densities. The resonance width is narrow even at high temperatures due to the two-dimensional phase restriction for tunneling. In magnetic fields, both the in-plane and perpendicular components of the field sensitively control and tune the absorption lineshape in very different ways, affecting the absorption threshold, the resonance energy of absorption, and the linewidth. RP Lyo, SK (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-354-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 450 BP 189 EP 194 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BH52B UT WOS:A1997BH52B00025 ER PT S AU Wagner, AV Foreman, RJ Farmer, JC Barbee, TW AF Wagner, AV Foreman, RJ Farmer, JC Barbee, TW BE Manaasreh, MO Myers, TH Julien, FH TI Sputter deposition of semiconductor superlattices for thermoelectric applications SO INFRARED APPLICATIONS OF SEMICONDUCTORS - MATERIALS, PROCESSING AND DEVICES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Infrared Applications of Semiconductors - Materials, Processing and Devices, at 1996 MRS Fall Meeting / 1996 International Conference on Electronic Materials CY DEC 02-06, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Theoretical dramatic improvement of the thermoelectric properties of materials by using quantum confinement in novel semiconductor nanostructures has lead to considerable interest in the thermoelectric community. Therefore, we are exploring the critical materials issues for fabrication of quantum confined structures by magnetron sputtering in the lead telluride and bismuth telluride families of materials. We have synthesized modulated structures from thermoelectric materials with bilayer periods of as little as 3.2 nm and shown that they are stable at deposition temperatures high enough to grow quality films. Issues critical to high quality film growth have been investigated such as nucleation and growth conditions and their effect on crystal orientation and growth morphology. These investigations show that nucleating the film at a temperature below the growth temperature of optimum electronic properties produces high quality films. Our work with sputter deposition, which is inherently a high rate deposition process, builds the technological base necessary to develop economical production of these advanced materials. High deposition rate is critical since, even if efficiencies comparable with CFC based refrigeration systems can be achieved, large quantities of quantum confined materials will be necessary for cost-competitive uses. RP Wagner, AV (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,7000 EAST AVE,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0272-9172 BN 1-55899-354-1 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 1997 VL 450 BP 467 EP 472 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Optics GA BH52B UT WOS:A1997BH52B00067 ER PT B AU Bennett, CL AF Bennett, CL BE Holst, GC TI The effect of jitter on an imaging FTIR spectrometer SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELLING, AND TESTING VIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing VIII CY APR 23-24, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE hyperspectral imaging; multispectral imaging; imaging spectrometer; imaging FTIR spectrometer; principal components analysis AB Line of sight (LOS) jitter produces temporal modulations of the signals which are detected in the focal plane of a temporally modulated imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer. A theoretical treatment of LOS jitter effects is given, and is compared with the results of measurements with LIFIRS1 (the Livermore Imaging Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectrometer). The identification, isolation, quantification and removal of jitter artifacts in hyperspectral imaging data by means of principal components analysis is discussed. The theoretical distribution of eigenvalues expected from principal components analysis is used to determine the level of significance of spatially coherent instrumental artifacts in general, including jitter as a representative example. It is concluded that an imaging FTIR spectrometer is much less seriously impacted by a given LOS jitter level than a non imaging FTIR spectrometer. RP Bennett, CL (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,L-45,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2478-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3063 BP 174 EP 184 DI 10.1117/12.276066 PG 11 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ13A UT WOS:A1997BJ13A00015 ER PT B AU Cooke, BJ Laubscher, BE Cafferty, M Olivas, NL Schmitt, MJ Fuller, KR Goeller, RM Mietz, DE Tiee, JJ Sander, RK AF Cooke, BJ Laubscher, BE Cafferty, M Olivas, NL Schmitt, MJ Fuller, KR Goeller, RM Mietz, DE Tiee, JJ Sander, RK BE Strojnik, M Andresen, BF TI Analysis and design methodology for the development of optimized, direct-detection CO2 DIAL receivers SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing, at SPIEs Annual Meeting CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE CO2 Lidar/Dial receiver; passive/active remote sensing; correlated noise AB The analysis methodology and corresponding analytical tools for the design of optimized, low-noise, hard target return CO2 Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) receiver systems implementing both single element detectors and multi-pixel imaging arrays for passive/active, remote-sensing applications are presented. System parameters and components composing the receiver include: aperture, focal length, field of view, cold shield requirements, image plane dimensions, pixel dimensions, pixel pitch and fill factor, detection quantum efficiency, optical filter requirements, amplifier and temporal sampling parameters. The performance analysis is accomplished by calculating the system's CO2 laser range response, total noise, optical geometric form factor and optical resolution. The noise components include speckle, photon noise due to signal, scene and atmospheric background, cold shield and electronic noise. System resolution is simulated through cascaded optical transfer functions and includes effects due to atmosphere, optics, image sampling, and system motion. Experimental results of a developmental single-element detector receiver designed tp detect 100 ns wide laser pulses (10-100 kHz pulse repetition rates) backscattered from hard-targets at nominal ranges of 10 km are presented. The receiver sensitivity is near-background noise limited, given an 8.5-11.5 mu m radiant optical bandwidth, with the total noise floor spectrally white for maximum pulse averaging efficiency. RP Cooke, BJ (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS-D448,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2544-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3122 BP 128 EP 161 DI 10.1117/12.278992 PG 34 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ90W UT WOS:A1997BJ90W00013 ER PT B AU Cafferty, MM Cooke, BJ Laubscher, BE Olivas, NL Fuller, K AF Cafferty, MM Cooke, BJ Laubscher, BE Olivas, NL Fuller, K BE Strojnik, M Andresen, BF TI Low-noise detector and amplifier design for 100 ns direct detection CO2 LIDAR receiver SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing, at SPIEs Annual Meeting CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE IR receiver; pseudo-matched filter; correlated noise AB The development and test results of a prototype detector/amplifier design for a background limited, pulsed 100 ns, 10-100 kHz repetition rate LIDAR/DIAL receiver system are presented. Design objectives include near-matched filter detection of received pulse amplitude and round trip time-of-flight, and the elimination of excess correlated detector/amplifier noise for optimal pulse averaging. A novel pole-zero cancellation amplifier, coupled with a state-of-the-art SBRC (Santa Barbara Research Center) infrared detector was implemented to meet design objectives. The pole-zero cancellation amplifier utilizes a tunable, pseudo-matched filter technique to match the width of the laser pulse to the shaping time of the filter for optimal SNR performance. Low frequency correlated noise, (lif and drift noise) is rejected through a second order high gain feedback loop. The amplifier also employs an active detector bias stage minimizing detector drift. Experimental results will be provided that demonstrate near-background limited, 100 ns pulse detection performance given a 8.5-11.5 mu m (300 K B.B.) radiant background, with the total noise floor spectrally white for optimal pulse averaging efficiency. RP Cafferty, MM (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,MS-D448,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2544-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3122 BP 162 EP 173 DI 10.1117/12.278993 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ90W UT WOS:A1997BJ90W00014 ER PT B AU Theiler, J Henderson, BG AF Theiler, J Henderson, BG BE Strojnik, M Andresen, BF TI A geometrical constraint on shadowing in rough surfaces SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing, at SPIEs Annual Meeting CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE emissivity; shadowing; rough surface; view angle; model AB By considering a one-dimensional cross-section through the rough surface, we derive a purely geometrical constraint on the statistical distribution of shadowed facet slopes that should be satisfied by any model of surface emissivity that includes the effect of self-shadowing. Our purpose is not to develop a single shadowing model, but to provide a condition that any valid shadowing model should satisfy. Although the emphasis of the presentation is theoretical, some practical ramifications will also be discussed. RP Theiler, J (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,ASTROPHYS & RADIAT MEASUREMENTS GRP,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2544-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3122 BP 271 EP 279 DI 10.1117/12.292698 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ90W UT WOS:A1997BJ90W00024 ER PT B AU Olsen, CS Beeman, JW Haller, EE AF Olsen, CS Beeman, JW Haller, EE BE Strojnik, M Andresen, BF TI Germanium far infrared blocked impurity band detectors SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing, at SPIEs Annual Meeting CY JUL 30-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE germanium; far infrared detectors; epitaxy AB We are developing Germanium Blocked Impurity Band (BIB) detectors using Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) to grow the high purity blocking layer and the heavily doped infrared absorbing layer. The properties of both epilayers require very low structural and electrical defect concentrations. To achieve these stringent demands, me have developed a high purity LPE process which can be used for the growth of high purity as well as purely doped Gt: epilayers. We chose a low melting point, high purity metal with negligible solubility in Ge as a solvent. A good candidate is Pb, a group IV element with a solubility <10(17) cm(-3) at 650 degrees C which does not form electronic levels in the band gap of Ge. The Ge single crystal substrates are optically polished and orientated similar to 1-2 degrees away from (111). The first tests with BIE) structures with just the purely doped absorbing layer grown on high purity substrates with LPE look very promising. The detectors exhibit extended wavelength cutoff when compared to standard Ge:Ga photoconductors (165 mu m vs. 120 mu m) and the expected asymmetric current-voltage dependencies. Future work on these devices will include optimizing doping, dark current, layer thickness, absolute responsivity, Noise Equivalent Power (NEP), and even longer wavelength cutoff as well as an indepth understanding of how the parameters are interrelated. RP Olsen, CS (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2544-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3122 BP 348 EP 354 DI 10.1117/12.278999 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BJ90W UT WOS:A1997BJ90W00032 ER PT B AU Powers, PE Kulp, TJ Kennedy, R AF Powers, PE Kulp, TJ Kennedy, R BE Andresen, BF Strojnik, M TI Differential backscatter absorption gas imaging SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXIII Conference CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE gas imaging; differential wavelength imaging; BAGI; DIAL AB Backscatter gas absorption imaging (BAGI) has been demonstrated as a useful technique for visualizing gas leaks. BAGI uses active imaging in the infrared to generate a laser-illuminated video image of a scene. A dark cloud in the image is formed when a gas absorbs the illuminating laser radiation in the vicinity of the plume. The sensitivity of the technique is limited by the ability of the operator to distinguish scene contrasts from gas contrasts. To improve its performance, we have developed a differential absorption system to subtract off scene contrasts that can obscure a gas plume. This system is essentially an imaging differential absorption LIDAR (DIAL) that allows one to focus on contrast in a scene due to absorption from a gas plume instead of contrast due to variations in the reflectivity of the target. Practical aspects of this system are presented along with results taken in real-world settings. The noise floor for a differential image is shown to be dominated by uncorrelated speckle fluctuations - not contrasts in the scene. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,COMBUST RES FACIL,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP Kulp, TJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,COMBUST RES FACIL,POB 969,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2476-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3061 BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.1117/12.280320 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ64N UT WOS:A1997BJ64N00028 ER PT B AU Kulp, TJ Powers, PE Kennedy, R AF Kulp, TJ Powers, PE Kennedy, R BE Andresen, BF Strojnik, M TI Remote imaging of controlled gas releases using active and passive infrared imaging systems SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXIII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Infrared Technology and Applications XXIII Conference CY APR 20-25, 1997 CL ORLANDO, FL SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE infrared imaging; lidar; gas detection; remote sensing; laser radar AB The results of field tests of an active backscatter absorption gas imaging (BAGI) system and a passive imager based on a Ga:Si infrared focal-plane array are presented. Both imagers allow real-time video imaging of gas emissions. The former system images gases through their attenuation of backscattered laser illumination; the latter images gases through temperature or emissivity differences. The results represent the first side-by-side comparison of an active and passive imager and the first BAGI field trial involving the imaging of plumes of controlled concentration and dimension. RP Kulp, TJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2476-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3061 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1117/12.280321 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA BJ64N UT WOS:A1997BJ64N00029 ER PT B AU Bray, OH AF Bray, OH BE Kocaoglu, DF Anderson, TR TI Technology roadmapping: The integration of strategic and technology planning for competitiveness SO INNOVATION IN TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT - THE KEY TO GLOBAL LEADERSHIP: THE KEY TO GLOBAL LEADERSHIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET 97) CY JUL 27-31, 1997 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Portland State Univ, Engn Management Program, Univ Tokyo, Univ Cambridge, IEEE Engn Management Soc, IEEE Oregon Sect, INFORMS Technol Management Soc q, Japan Soc Sci Policy & Res Management, Washington Cty Reg Strategies Board, Multnomah Cty Reg Strategies Board, KVO Advertising & Public Relat AB Technology planning is becoming critical with the rapid development and obsolescence of technologies. Technology roadmapping provides a tool for selecting which technologies to pursue in what timeframes. This paper provides framework for technology roadmaps, describes the roadmapping process, and reviews its application. RP Bray, OH (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 10 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3574-0 PY 1997 BP 25 EP 28 DI 10.1109/PICMET.1997.653238 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJ74R UT WOS:A1997BJ74R00005 ER PT B AU Chandra, C AF Chandra, C BE Kocaoglu, DF Anderson, TR TI Management of technology: A case for an object-oriented modeling approach SO INNOVATION IN TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT - THE KEY TO GLOBAL LEADERSHIP: THE KEY TO GLOBAL LEADERSHIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET 97) CY JUL 27-31, 1997 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Portland State Univ, Engn Management Program, Univ Tokyo, Univ Cambridge, IEEE Engn Management Soc, IEEE Oregon Sect, INFORMS Technol Management Soc q, Japan Soc Sci Policy & Res Management, Washington Cty Reg Strategies Board, Multnomah Cty Reg Strategies Board, KVO Advertising & Public Relat DE management of technology (MOT); object-oriented modeling; enterprise modeling; enterprise complexity modeling AB Management of technologies with conflicting objectives requires managing complexity attributed to these objectives. An integrated system framework with information modeling using object-oriented paradigm, is proposed for managing technological complexity in the enterprise. This integrated approach to addressing interdependent technology issue's contrasts with commonly prescribed piecemeal prescriptive solutions. RP Chandra, C (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,POB 1663,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3574-0 PY 1997 BP 709 EP 712 DI 10.1109/PICMET.1997.653589 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJ74R UT WOS:A1997BJ74R00337 ER PT B AU Durfee, GV Flores, P AF Durfee, GV Flores, P BE Kocaoglu, DF Anderson, TR TI Business process engineering by design SO INNOVATION IN TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT - THE KEY TO GLOBAL LEADERSHIP: THE KEY TO GLOBAL LEADERSHIP LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET 97) CY JUL 27-31, 1997 CL PORTLAND, OR SP Portland State Univ, Engn Management Program, Univ Tokyo, Univ Cambridge, IEEE Engn Management Soc, IEEE Oregon Sect, INFORMS Technol Management Soc q, Japan Soc Sci Policy & Res Management, Washington Cty Reg Strategies Board, Multnomah Cty Reg Strategies Board, KVO Advertising & Public Relat C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 BN 0-7803-3574-0 PY 1997 BP 885 EP 885 DI 10.1109/PICMET.1997.653694 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BJ74R UT WOS:A1997BJ74R00428 ER PT B AU Smallwood, DO AF Smallwood, DO GP INST ENVIRONM SCI TI Characterizing electrodynamic shakers SO INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, 1997 PROCEEDINGS - DESIGN, TEST, AND EVALUATION - PRODUCT RELIABILITY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual Technical Meeting on Integrated Product Development CY MAY 04-08, 1997 CL LOS ANGELES, CA SP Inst Environm Sci DE electrodynamic shakers; characterization; impedance; models; acceleration; force; two-port network AB An electrodynamic shaker is modeled as a mixed electrical/mechanical system with an experimentally derived two port network characterization. The model characterizes the shaker in a manner that the performance of the shaker with a mounted load (test item and fixture) can be predicted. The characterization depends on the measurements of shaker input voltage and current, and on the acceleration of the shaker armature with several mounted loads. The force into the load is also required, and can be measured directly or inferred from the load apparent mass. RP Smallwood, DO (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PI MT PROSPECT PA 940 E NORTHWEST HIGHWAY, MT PROSPECT, IL 60056 BN 1-877862-55-X PY 1997 BP 28 EP 36 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BJ09L UT WOS:A1997BJ09L00006 ER PT J AU Hareland, WA AF Hareland, WA TI Monochromatic imaging camera and technique for spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy SO INSTRUMENTATION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA; DIAGNOSTICS; ABEL AB Spectrally and spatially resolved optical emissions have been measured from argon plasmas in a GEC reference cell. The monochromatic imaging camera described herein records 2D images from a single wavelength of light, and the 2D images are treated by Abel inversion to produce 3D maps of single excited species in radiofrequency plasmas. Monochromatic images of argon were measured sequentially over the wavelength region from 394 to 912 nm. The camera resolves features that are separated by 1.2 nm or more in wavelength. Monochromatic imaging provides a new level of optical diagnostics for rf plasmas. RP Hareland, WA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,DEPT ANALYT CHEM,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 SN 1073-9149 J9 INSTRUM SCI TECHNOL JI Instrum. Sci. Technol. PY 1997 VL 25 IS 3 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.1080/10739149709351465 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA XM688 UT WOS:A1997XM68800005 ER PT B AU Zhang, CL Vali, H Liu, S Roh, Y Cole, D Kirschvink, JL Onsttot, T McKay, D Phelps, T AF Zhang, CL Vali, H Liu, S Roh, Y Cole, D Kirschvink, JL Onsttot, T McKay, D Phelps, T BE Hoover, RB TI Formation of magnetite and iron-rich carbonates by thermophilic iron-reducing bacteria SO INSTRUMENTS, METHODS, AND MISSIONS FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL MICROORGANISMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Methods, and Missions for the Investigation of Extraterrestrial Microorganisms CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE thermophilic iron-reducing bacteria; biogenic magnetite and iron-rich carbonate; Martian meteorite AB Laboratory experiments were performed to study the formation of iron minerals by a thermophilic (45-75 degrees C) fermentative iron-reducing bacterial culture (TOR39) obtained from the deep subsurface. Using amorphous Fe(III)) oxyhydroxide as an electron acceptor and glucose as an electron donor, TOR39 produced magnetite and iron-rich carbonates at conditions consistent, on a thermodynamic basis, with Eh (-200 mV to -415 mV) and pH (6.2 to 7.7) values determined for these experiments. Analyses of the precipitating solid phases by X-ray diffraction showed that the starting amorphous Fe(III) oxyhydroxide was nearly completely converted to magnetite and Fe-rich carbonate after 20 days of incubation. Increasing bicarbonate concentration in the chemical milieu resulted in increased proportions of siderite relative to magnetite and the addition of MgCl2 caused the formation of magnesium-rich carbonate in addition to siderite. The results suggest that the TOR39 bacterial culture may have the capacity to form magnetite and iron-rich carbonates in a variety of geochemical conditions. These results may have significant implications for studying the past biogenic activities in the Martian meteorite ALH84001. RP Zhang, CL (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI phelps, tommy/A-5244-2011; Vali, Hojatollah/F-3511-2012 OI Vali, Hojatollah/0000-0003-3464-9943 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2533-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3111 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1117/12.278809 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Microbiology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Microbiology; Optics GA BJ31K UT WOS:A1997BJ31K00007 ER PT B AU Edwards, BC Chyba, CF Abshire, JB Burns, JA Geissler, P Konopliv, AS Malin, MC Ostro, SJ Rhodes, C Rudiger, C Shao, XM Smith, DE Squyres, SW Thomas, PC Uphoff, CW Walberg, GD Werner, CL Yoder, CF Zuber, MT AF Edwards, BC Chyba, CF Abshire, JB Burns, JA Geissler, P Konopliv, AS Malin, MC Ostro, SJ Rhodes, C Rudiger, C Shao, XM Smith, DE Squyres, SW Thomas, PC Uphoff, CW Walberg, GD Werner, CL Yoder, CF Zuber, MT BE Hoover, RB TI The Europa Ocean Discovery mission SO INSTRUMENTS, METHODS, AND MISSIONS FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL MICROORGANISMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Methods, and Missions for the Investigation of Extraterrestrial Microorganisms CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE Europa; Discovery program; spacecraft; ocean; radar; lidar; extraterrestrial life; Jupiter; solar system exploration AB Ever since the first proposal that tidal heating of Europa by Jupiter might lead to liquid water oceans below Europa's ice cover(1,2,3,4) scientists have speculated over the exobiological implications of such an ocean. Liquid water is thought to be an essential ingredient for life, so the existence of a second water ocean in the Solar System would be of paramount importance in any search for life beyond Earth. We present here a Discovery-class mission concept (Europa Ocean Discovery) to determine the existence of a liquid water ocean on Europa and to characterize Europa's surface structure. The technical goal of the Europa Ocean Discovery mission is to study Europa with an orbiting spacecraft. This goal is challenging but entirely feasible within the Discovery envelope. There are four key challenges: entering Europan orbit, generating power, surviving long enough in the radiation environment to return valuable science, and completing the mission within the Discovery program's constraints on launch vehicle (Delta II or smaller) and budget (similar to$250M plus launch). RP Edwards, BC (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Abshire, James/I-2800-2013 NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2533-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3111 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1117/12.278778 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Microbiology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Microbiology; Optics GA BJ31K UT WOS:A1997BJ31K00024 ER PT B AU Fredrickson, JK Chandler, DP Onstott, TC AF Fredrickson, JK Chandler, DP Onstott, TC BE Hoover, RB TI Potential for preservation of halobacteria and their macromolecular constituents in brine inclusions from bedded salt deposits SO INSTRUMENTS, METHODS, AND MISSIONS FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL MICROORGANISMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Methods, and Missions for the Investigation of Extraterrestrial Microorganisms CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE fluid inclusions; halite; halophile; DNA; lipids; Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR); 16S rRNA; Death Valley; chronosequence; Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) AB Halobacteria cultured from salt deposits as old as 200 m.y. were assumed to be dormant halobacteria entombed in the brine inclusions that formed during deposition of the salt crystals. Hypersaline lakes may have also existed on early Mars. if so, evaporite minerals containing frozen brine inclusions may occur on the surface of Mars today. Analyses of samples of recently-deposited salt from Laguna Grande de Za Sal in New Mexico revealed the presence of viable halobacteria 16S rDNA from archae and eubacteria was also detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of directly-extracted DNA from Laguna Grande de la Sal sal, in contrast, no halophilic bacteria were cultured from 200 my polyhalite from the Salado Formation in New Mexico nor was archaea 16S rDNA detected by PCR amplification of DNA extracts from salt. A combination of microbiological, molecular, and geochemical approaches are being used to probe bedded salt deposits for evidence of microbial entrapment in primary fluid inclusions. A chronosequence of bedded salts from Death Valley, California that range in age from 0 to 200 kyr is the subject of current investigations to constrain the length of time that viable halophilic bacteria and associated macromolecules can be detected in bedded salts. RP Fredrickson, JK (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,ENVIRONM MICROBIOL GRP,POB 999,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2533-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3111 BP 318 EP 329 DI 10.1117/12.278786 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Microbiology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Microbiology; Optics GA BJ31K UT WOS:A1997BJ31K00030 ER PT B AU Stevens, TO AF Stevens, TO BE Hoover, RB TI Subsurface lithoautotrophic microbial ecosystems (SLMEs) in igneous rocks: Prospects for detection SO INSTRUMENTS, METHODS, AND MISSIONS FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL MICROORGANISMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Methods, and Missions for the Investigation of Extraterrestrial Microorganisms CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE chemolithoautotrophic; subsurface; microorganisms; serpentinization; basalt; igneous AB Evidence is accumulating to show that the Earth's biosphere extends underground inter deep igneous rock formations. In certain formations, abiotic energy-yielding reactions between reduced rocks and groundwater provide a potential for in situ primary production by anaerobic microorganisms - thus obviating any dependence on a surface ecosystem. Conceivably, such ecosystems could exist in the subsurface of other planets in the solar system. The main requirements are water, ferrous silicate minerals, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. Unfortunately, observation of the subsurface is difficult For example, current estimates suggest that the hydrosphere on Mars might be more than 2 km below the surface. Living SLMEs might be detected through conduits to the subsurface, such as wells, springs, or seeps in deep canyon walls. Signals produced by SLMEs might include cells, metabolic products (such as reduced gases) and their isotope ratios, and isotope ratios in residual substrates. Rocks in which now-defunct SLMEs once existed might be more accessible if they are brought to the surface by rock cycle processes. Signals of extinct SLME remnants have not yet been investigated, but might include microfossils, certain secondary mineralization patterns, and isotope ratios of secondary minerals. Examples of both extant and extinct SLMEs have been identified on Earth, and are available for study and experimentation. RP Stevens, TO (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,POB 999,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2533-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3111 BP 358 EP 365 DI 10.1117/12.278790 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Microbiology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Microbiology; Optics GA BJ31K UT WOS:A1997BJ31K00034 ER PT B AU Brockman, FJ Murray, C Murphy, E Bjornstad, B Balkwill, D Ringelberg, D Pfiffner, S Griffiths, R AF Brockman, FJ Murray, C Murphy, E Bjornstad, B Balkwill, D Ringelberg, D Pfiffner, S Griffiths, R BE Hoover, RB TI Microbial life in the unsaturated subsurface under conditions of extremely low recharge: an extreme environment SO INSTRUMENTS, METHODS, AND MISSIONS FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL MICROORGANISMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Methods, and Missions for the Investigation of Extraterrestrial Microorganisms CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE extraterrestrial sampling; extreme environment; microbial activity; microbial distribution; nutrient flux; recharge; spatial distribution; unsaturated sediments AB Deep unsaturated sediments with very low levels of sediment-associated nutrients and extremely low levels of vertical movement of moisture (i.e., recharge) were studied as a model extreme environment to better understand microbial survival over geologic time periods and the resulting spatial distribution of viable microorganisms. Chloride mass balance measurements indicate that the study site has received ax average annual recharge of 15 micrometers since the last Pleistocene flood approximately 13,000 years ago, Viable biomass as determined by measurement of phospholipid Fatty acid in 75 g samples was approximately 10(4) cells/g sediment. However, highly sensitive microbial activity assays failed to detect microbial activity in > 60% of 10 g samples. Microbial activity was not detected in 29% bf replicate 10 g samples in the presence of nutrients for 244 days, indicating that viable microorganisms are spatially discontinuous. In separate experiments, microbial activity was not detected in 0.1 g or 1 g samples but was encountered in 37% of the 10 g samples and in 75% of the 100 g samples. These results indicate that viable microorganisms exist in ''hotspots'' separated by extensive regions of excluding conditions. in addition, the results suggest that if extremely low nutrient flux conditions exist at target extraterrestrial locations, successful recovery of viable microorganisms may require acquisition of many, or large, samples. RP Brockman, FJ (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,POB 999,MAILSTOP K4-06,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2533-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3111 BP 388 EP 394 DI 10.1117/12.278793 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Microbiology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Microbiology; Optics GA BJ31K UT WOS:A1997BJ31K00037 ER PT B AU Chandler, DP Brockman, FJ Fredrickson, JK AF Chandler, DP Brockman, FJ Fredrickson, JK BE Hoover, RB TI Novel Archaea and Bacteria in a hydrologically isolated deep subsurface environment SO INSTRUMENTS, METHODS, AND MISSIONS FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF EXTRATERRESTRIAL MICROORGANISMS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instruments, Methods, and Missions for the Investigation of Extraterrestrial Microorganisms CY JUL 29-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE Crenarchaea; bacteria; Chloroflexus; deep subsurface; PCR; 16S; rRNA; survival AB Total community DNA and RNA were extracted from a deep (188 m), saturated, mesophilic (17 degrees C), low biomass (10(4) cells g(-1)) subsurface paleosol. 16S rDNA was amplified by PCR using universal eubacterial or archaeal primers and cloned. Cloned 16S rDNA fragments were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. A novel clade of Crenarchaea were discovered which are most closely related to a single clone recovered from an Fe-S hot spring (80 degrees C). Novel Bacterial sequences were also found which branch deeply in the universal phylogenetic tree in association with Chloroflexus, Deinococcus; and Thermus. Total RNA analysis suggested that the novel Crenarchaea were active in this environment. Geological and hydrologic properties of the sediment indicate that microbial and nutrient transport between individual strata are restricted, and are consistent with chemolithoautotrophic metabolisms of cultured Crenarchaea involving the H-2/SO4 electron donor/acceptor couple. The physical properties of the surrounding lithologies suggest that these novel microorganisms are descendants of the microbial communities originally deposited with the sediment ca. 6-8 Mya Identification of these novel, active microorganisms in an oligotrophic, hydrologically isolated subsurface system provides an opportunity and species-specific nucleic acid sequences and probes necessary to study long-term microbial survival in terrestrial subsurface environments. RP Chandler, DP (reprint author), BATTELLE MEM INST,PACIFIC NW LABS,ENVIRONM MICROBIOL GRP,M-S K4-06,900 BATTELLE BLVD,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2533-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3111 BP 519 EP 528 DI 10.1117/12.278808 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Microbiology; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Microbiology; Optics GA BJ31K UT WOS:A1997BJ31K00051 ER PT S AU Turler, D Griffith, BT Arasteh, DK AF Turler, D Griffith, BT Arasteh, DK BE Graves, RS Zarr, RR TI Laboratory procedures for using infrared thermography to validate heat transfer models SO INSULATION MATERIALS: TESTING AND APPLICATIONS, THIRD VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Insulation Materials - Testing and Applications CY MAY 15-17, 1997 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm C16 Thermal Insulat DE infrared temperature measurements; quantitative thermography; laboratory hot-box; thermography procedures; computer model validation; condensation resistance; surface temperature measurement AB Infrared(IR) imaging radiometers, which measure relative levels of thermal radiation energy, can be used for noninvasive surface temperature measurements of building thermal envelope components undergoing steady-state heat flow in laboratory thermal chambers. One advantage of IR measurement is that it provides large contiguous sets of surface temperature data which are useful for validating the accuracy of complex computer models that predict heat flow through thermally insulated systems. Because they give such detailed information about surface temperature, IR measurements complement hot-box measurements of heat flow. This paper recommends general procedures for reliable quantitative thermographic measurements in chambers operated for winter heating conditions. Actual surface temperature depends on heat flow, surface emittance, and environmental conditions such as air temperature, air flow field, and background thermal radiation. The infrared temperature measurements are affected by many of the same factors including surface emittance, air temperature, background thermal radiation, and air humidity. Equipment specifications for the absolute accuracy of infrared temperature measurements are typically +/-1 degrees to +/-2 degrees C. Measurements that use a temperature-controlled reference emitter to remove error appear to show accuracies of +/-0.5 degrees C for flat specimens with low temperature gradients. RP Turler, D (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-2409-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1997 VL 1320 BP 23 EP 45 PG 23 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BH70Z UT WOS:A1997BH70Z00002 ER PT S AU Desjarlais, AO McGowan, AG AF Desjarlais, AO McGowan, AG BE Graves, RS Zarr, RR TI Comparison of experimental and analytical methods to evaluate thermal bridges in wall systems SO INSULATION MATERIALS: TESTING AND APPLICATIONS, THIRD VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Insulation Materials - Testing and Applications CY MAY 15-17, 1997 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm C16 Thermal Insulat DE guarded hot box; thermal performance; building envelope; R-value; wall systems; heat transfer; computer simulation AB Twelve ASTM C0236 guarded hot box experiments have been performed on wall systems containing a variety of thermal bridges. All of the wall systems included steel framing. Six walls also had a concrete block wall system and a concrete slab to simulate a wall/floor intersection. Thermal bridges included in the wall systems included steel studs, steel tracks, steel stud/track joints, fasteners (steel framing system), concrete slab, metal bolts and angle iron, and brick ties (concrete block wall). Two-dimensional finite difference modelling was also employed to characterize the wall systems. The experimental test data was used to tune and ultimately validate the computer simulation model, The average variation between the tested and simulated wall system R-Values was 3.3% and ranged from -3.4 to + 7.4%. The model tvas then used to determine the thermal impact of each individual thermal bridge. Beside the standard complement of temperature sensors that are traditionally used for these laboratory experiments, additional sensors were installed near each thermal bridge to define the area and magnitude of the thermal distortion caused by the thermal bridge. These thermal bridges were analytically simulated and the additional heat flux due to each thermal bridge was computed. This paper summarizes the experimental and analytical analyses used to characterize the wall systems and concentrate on the thermal impact each type of thermal bridge has on the overall performance of the wall systems. RP Desjarlais, AO (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-2409-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1997 VL 1320 BP 128 EP 139 DI 10.1520/STP12271S PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BH70Z UT WOS:A1997BH70Z00008 ER PT S AU Kosny, J Christian, JE Desjarlais, AO AF Kosny, J Christian, JE Desjarlais, AO BE Graves, RS Zarr, RR TI Metal stud wall systems - Thermal disaster, or modern wall systems with highly efficient thermal insulation? SO INSULATION MATERIALS: TESTING AND APPLICATIONS, THIRD VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Insulation Materials - Testing and Applications CY MAY 15-17, 1997 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm C16 Thermal Insulat DE metal stud walls; thermal performance; wall systems; hot box test; thermal modeling; insulating materials AB Metal stud wall systems for residential building are gaining in popularity. Thanks to their low cost, construction simplicity, and similarity to the existing wood frame technology, metal stud wall systems can share a considerable part of the residential and commercial markets, very soon. The prognosis of American Iron and Steel Institute predicts that in 1997 about 25% of the new residential buildings will be assembled with the use of metal stud's technologies in the U.S.A. The application of the light gage metal technologies in building has either economical or environmental aspects, because the replacement of the construction lumber by metal wall and roof components can reduce construction costs but also save a forest. In addition, metal studs are 100% recyclable material. The authors believe that tremendous markets are available around the world for the deployment of the metal stud wall technologies. A deployment of the metal stud wall technologies can create a great chance for modern, low-cost and energy efficient buildings in many world regions. This system has been already successfully introduced in Europe, Central and South America, Australia and New Zealand. However, these technologies require serious redesign to improve their thermal performances. Commonly, commercially available metal stud wall systems are initially designed by simple replacement of wood studs, joists, headers, etc., by structurally equivalent metal components. Metal substitutes of the wood structure are very often being installed without consideration of the difference in thermal conductivity between wood and metal. Strong thermal bridges caused by highly conductive metal components worsen thermal performance of these walls. In metal stud walls, the reduction of the in-cavity R-value can reach 50%. Because steel has higher thermal conductivity than wood and intense heat transfer occurs through the metal wall components, thermal performances of a metal stud wall are significantly lower than for similar wood stud walls. A reduction of the in-cavity R-value caused by the wood studs is about 10% in wood stud walls. That is why metal stud walls are believed to be considerably less thermally effective than similar made of wood. However, properly designed metal stud walls can be as thermally effective as wood stud walls. Relatively high R-values may be achieved by installing insulating sheathing, which is widely used as a remedy for a weak thermal performance of metal stud walls. A series of the promising metal stud wall configurations is analyzed using results of finite difference computer modeling and guarded hotbox tests. Some of these walls were designed and tested in the ORNL Building Technology Center, some were tested in other laboratories, and some walls were developed and forgotten long lime ago. Also, a novel concept of combined foam -metal studs is considered. The main aim of the present paper is to proof that it is possible to build metal stud walls performing as well as wood stud walls. The key lies in designing; metal stud wall systems have to be treated in special way with particular consideration to the high thermal conduction of metal components. In the discussed collection of the efficient metal stud wall configurations, reductions of the in-cavity R-value caused by metal studs are between 10 and 20%. RP Kosny, J (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,BLDG TECHNOL CTR,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-2409-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1997 VL 1320 BP 153 EP 179 PG 27 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BH70Z UT WOS:A1997BH70Z00010 ER PT S AU Petrie, TW Childs, KW Childs, PW Christian, JE Shramo, DJ AF Petrie, TW Childs, KW Childs, PW Christian, JE Shramo, DJ BE Graves, RS Zarr, RR TI Thermal behavior of mixtures of perlite and phase change material in a simulated climate SO INSULATION MATERIALS: TESTING AND APPLICATIONS, THIRD VOLUME SE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS SPECIAL TECHNICAL PUBLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Symposium on Insulation Materials - Testing and Applications CY MAY 15-17, 1997 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA SP Amer Soc Testing & Mat, Comm C16 Thermal Insulat DE phase change material; thermal control; thermal mass; calcium chloride; peak load management AB A new concept for use of phase change material PCM) in building envelopes has been investigated. The concept is called a RCR system in analogy to an electrical circuit with a capacitor between two resistors. Here, the thermal capacitance of the PCM is sandwiched between the thermal resistance of conventional insulation. The PCM used was hydrated calcium chloride dispersed in perlite and contained in watertight test cells. One cell had a PCM/perlite ratio of 2:1 by weight; the other had a 6:1 mixture. Extruded polystyrene (XPS) was the insulation below and above the PCM. Heat-flux transducers on the top and bottom of each cell as well as thermocouples from the top to the bet-tom of each cell allowed us to follow closely the progression of freezing and melting in the FCM as we subjected the cells to both steady and diurnally varying simulated outside temperatures. Computer modeling with a transient heal: conduction program was successful in proving that we understood the relevant energy transfer mechanisms and thermophysical properties. For the diurnal cycles, with twice the amount of XPS below as above the PCM, much of the energy stored during daytime by melting PCM Bowed to the outside at night when it froze again. Comparisons were made to the behavior of conventional insulation. With PCM, the total daily energy now into the conditioned space below the test cells was lower and the peak flow rate was delayed in rime and decreased in magnitude. RP Petrie, TW (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV ENERGY,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN SOCIETY TESTING AND MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 SN 1071-5827 BN 0-8031-2409-0 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 1997 VL 1320 BP 180 EP 194 DI 10.1520/STP12274S PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology SC Construction & Building Technology GA BH70Z UT WOS:A1997BH70Z00011 ER PT B AU Vanhaecke, P AF Vanhaecke, P BE Albert, C Brouzet, R Dufour, JP TI Integrable Hamiltonian systems associated to families of curves and their bi-Hamiltonian structure SO INTEGRABLE SYSTEMS AND FOLIATIONS SE PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Colloquium on Integrable Systems and Foliations CY MAY 22-26, 1995 CL MONTPELLIER, FRANCE AB In this paper we show how there is associated an integrable Hamiltonian system to a certain set of algebraic-geometric data. Roughly speaking these data consist of a family of algebraic curves, parametrized by an affine algebraic variety B, a subalgebra C of O(B) and a polynomial phi(x, y) in two variables. The phase space is constructed geometrically from the family of curves and has a natural projection onto B; the regular functions on B lead to an algebra of functions in involution and the level sets of the moment map are symmetric products of algebraic curves. While completely transparant from the geometrical point of view, a slight change of these integrable Hamiltonian systems is needed in order to explicitly realize these integrable Hamiltonian systems. Thus, we associate to the same data another integrable Hamiltonian system and show how they relate to the first one: there is a birational map between them (which is regular in one direction) which is (in the regular direction) a morphism of integrable Hamiltonian systems. Both the Poisson structure and the functions in involution are found by performing an Euclidean division of two polynomials, so that when the data are explicitly given, all ingredients of the integrable Hamiltonian system can be easily computed from it in an explicit way. In the same spirit we also construct a large class of integrable Hamiltonian systems. They depend on the extra datum of a polynomial psi(x, y) in two variables, which specifies a deformation of our family of curves. Our construction shows clearly how and why (certain) symmetries in the family of curves leads to a bi-Hamiltonian structure for the corresponding integrable Hamiltonian system. RP Vanhaecke, P (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT MATH,DAVIS,CA 95616, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER BOSTON PI CAMBRIDGE PA 675 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139-2333 BN 0-8176-3894-6 J9 PROG MATH PY 1997 VL 145 BP 187 EP 212 PG 26 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BH38F UT WOS:A1997BH38F00011 ER PT J AU Lee, TY Raghavendra, CS Nicholas, JB AF Lee, TY Raghavendra, CS Nicholas, JB TI Load balancing strategies for ray tracing on parallel processors SO INTEGRATED COMPUTER-AIDED ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB Ray tracing is one of the computer graphics techniques used to render high quality images. Unfortunately, ray tracing complex scenes can require large amounts of CPU time, making the technique impractical for everyday use. Parallel ray tracing algorithms could potentially be used to reduce the overall processing time. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of three previously reported load balancing schemes for ray tracing on parallel processors, and propose two new load balancing strategies. We term the new methods Local Distributed Control (LDC) and Global Distributed Control (CDC). Our new strategies perform significantly better than the previous methods on three standard rendering benchmarks. The new methods are also complementary: GDC performs well for high computational complexity images, and LDC works well for low computational complexity images. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 WASHINGTON STATE UNIV, SCH ELECT ENGN & COMP SCI, PULLMAN, WA 99164 USA. NATL CHENG KUNG UNIV, DEPT COMP SCI & INFORMAT ENGN, TAINAN 70101, TAIWAN. PACIFIC NW LAB, ENVIRONM MOL SCI LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 1069-2509 J9 INTEGR COMPUT-AID E JI Integr. Comput.-Aided Eng. PY 1997 VL 4 IS 4 BP 260 EP 275 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA XW752 UT WOS:A1997XW75200003 ER PT J AU Warren, WL Pike, GE Dimos, D Tuttle, BA AlShareef, HN AF Warren, WL Pike, GE Dimos, D Tuttle, BA AlShareef, HN TI Charge trapping in resistance degraded ferroelectrics SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 02-05, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USN, Naval Postgraduate Sch, Univ Colorado, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, Integrated Ferroelectrics, Sandia Natl Lab, Symetrix Corp DE resistance degradation; oxygen vacancies; charge traps ID PHOTOINDUCED HYSTERESIS CHANGES; THIN-FILMS; DEGRADATION; DIELECTRICS; CERAMICS; LEAKAGE; BIAS AB Thermally stimulated current (TSC) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies have been used to examine the role of defects in BaTiO3 capacitors that have been subjected to an electric field at elevated temperatures (an accelerated aging process). The aging process caused a reduction in the insulation resistance of the ferroelectric capacitor and induced a voltage offset in its polarization-voltage hysteresis loop. The TSC measurements following resistance degradation show the displacement of positively charged oxygen vacancies and the motion of bulk trapped charge. It is found that the aging process is accompanied by a significant amount of charge trapping that appears to be locally charge compensated. EPR measurements show that some of the trapped charge is associated with changes in the oxidation state of acceptor impurities. Last, it is shown that some of the trapped charge in the ferroelectric is directly associated with the net polarization. C1 MICRON TECHNOL INC,BOISE,ID 83707. RP Warren, WL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1-4 BP 49 EP 61 DI 10.1080/10584589708221685 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA YG175 UT WOS:A1997YG17500006 ER PT J AU Boyle, TJ AlShareef, HN Buchheit, CD Cygan, RT Dimos, D Rodriguez, MA Scott, B Ziller, JW AF Boyle, TJ AlShareef, HN Buchheit, CD Cygan, RT Dimos, D Rodriguez, MA Scott, B Ziller, JW TI Non-traditional solution routes to ferroelectric materials SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 02-05, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USN, Naval Postgraduate Sch, Univ Colorado, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, Integrated Ferroelectrics, Sandia Natl Lab, Symetrix Corp DE ferroelectric materials; sol-gel; thin films; pyridine; PZT; PLZT; PNZT; PMN; SBT; alkoxide ID THIN-FILMS; PRECURSORS; ADDUCTS AB Non-traditional precursor solutions for production of ferroelectric thin films have been developed for PXZT (X = L, N, S), SBT, and PMN systems. For PXZT and SBT, pyridine is a key solvent, wherein, it both solubilizes and reduces the reactivity of the individual components of the solution. Further control of the final films has been obtained using novel tailor-made precursors to dictate their properties. C1 MICRON TECHNOL INC,BOISE,ID 83707. SANDIA NATL LABS,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CST18,CHEM SCI & TECHNOL DIV,XRAY DIFFRACT LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. UNIV CALIF IRVINE,DEPT CHEM,XRAY DIFFRACT LAB,IRVINE,CA 92717. RP Boyle, TJ (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ADV MAT LAB,1001 UNIV BLVD SE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87106, USA. RI Scott, Brian/D-8995-2017 OI Scott, Brian/0000-0003-0468-5396 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1-4 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1080/10584589708221700 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA YG175 UT WOS:A1997YG17500021 ER PT J AU Schwartz, RW Reichert, TL Clem, PG Dimos, D Liu, D AF Schwartz, RW Reichert, TL Clem, PG Dimos, D Liu, D TI A comparison of diol and methanol-based chemical solution deposition routes for PZT thin film fabrication SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 02-05, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USN, Naval Postgraduate Sch, Univ Colorado, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, Integrated Ferroelectrics, Sandia Natl Lab, Symetrix Corp DE CSD; PZT; diol; thick coatings; decoupling capacitors ID SOL-GEL ROUTE AB For decoupling capacitor fabrication, solution deposition routes that yield film thicknesses of 0.5 to 1.0 mu m per coating are required for economic viability. Films fabricated from propanediol-based solutions appear to meet this manufacturing requirement. To develop an effective deposition route based on this solvent, the processing characteristics of diol-based films were compared to films deposited from a ''traditional'' solution deposition approach, the IMO-chelate method. Differences in processing behavior were related to solvent and oligomer properties through optical microscopy and ellipsometry measurements. Films deposited from diol solutions remain ''wet'' throughout the initial phase of the fabrication process, and because of surface tension effects, tend to dewet the substrate, introducing non-uniformities into the film. A low temperature heat treatment process was employed to minimize this degradation in uniformity. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the diol derived films were tested and were found to be comparable to those of the films prepared by the traditional solution deposition method. C1 AVX CERAM CORP,ADV PROD & TECHNOL CTR,MYRTLE BEACH,SC 29577. RP Schwartz, RW (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,ADV MAT LAB,POB 5800,MS 1349,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1-4 BP 275 EP 286 DI 10.1080/10584589708221705 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA YG175 UT WOS:A1997YG17500026 ER PT J AU Krauss, AR Auciello, O Im, J Smentkowski, V Gruen, DM Irene, EA Chang, RPH AF Krauss, AR Auciello, O Im, J Smentkowski, V Gruen, DM Irene, EA Chang, RPH TI Studies of ferroelectric film growth processes using in situ, real-time ion beam analysis SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 02-05, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USN, Naval Postgraduate Sch, Univ Colorado, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, Integrated Ferroelectrics, Sandia Natl Lab, Symetrix Corp DE ferroelectric; films; in situ; real-time; ion scattering; spectroscopy ID THIN-FILMS; IN-SITU; SURFACE-ANALYSIS; DEPOSITION; FATIGUE; CAPACITORS AB Further technological advances in ferroelectric thin film-based devices requires to achieve a better understanding of the growth of ferroelectric and electrode layers, including oxygen incorporation during growth and other parameters. This can be achieved using in situ, real-time characterization techniques. We are currently using time-of-flight ion scattering and recoil spectroscopy (TOF-ISARS) to study film growth processes. Results discussed in this review concerns initial studies of the growth of SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) films. As an example, the potential of TOF-ISARS has been demonstrated by determining that the layered SBT films are terminated in an incomplete (Bi2O2)(2+) layer with an oxygen plane as the top most layer. This results and the implications for understanding the resistant to fatigue of Pt/SBT/Pt capacitors are discussed in this review. C1 ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV CHEM,ARGONNE,IL 60439. UNIV N CAROLINA,DEPT CHEM,CHAPEL HILL,NC 27709. NORTHWESTERN UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI,EVANSTON,IL 60208. RP Krauss, AR (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. RI Chang, R.P.H/B-7505-2009 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 18 IS 1-4 BP 351 EP 368 DI 10.1080/10584589708221712 PG 18 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA YG175 UT WOS:A1997YG17500033 ER PT J AU Raymond, MV AlShareef, HN Dimos, DB Missert, N Mueller, CH Galt, D AF Raymond, MV AlShareef, HN Dimos, DB Missert, N Mueller, CH Galt, D TI Sputter deposition of SrTiO3 thin films for voltage tunable capacitors SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 02-05, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USN, Naval Postgraduate Sch, Univ Colorado, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, Integrated Ferroelectrics, Sandia Natl Lab, Symetrix Corp DE tunable capacitors; interdigital electrodes; SrTiO3 thin films; sputter deposition, dielectric loss ID PHASE SHIFTERS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES AB The electric field dependence of the dielectric constant of ferroelectric and related materials can be used to fabricate voltage tunable filters for microwave applications. In this study, the growth, structure, and dielectric properties of sputter deposited thin films will be discussed. In particular, SrTiO3 thin films were deposited onto (100)(pc) LaAlO3 and r-cut sapphire substrates using RF magnetron sputtering at elevated temperatures. The films deposited on LaAlO3 were highly (00l) oriented possessing a cube-on-cube heteroepitaxial structure, while the films deposited directly on sapphire were polycrystalline. We have studied the influence of deposition conditions and post deposition annealing on the crystal quality, microstructure, and electrical properties. We find that post deposition annealing can significantly improve the tunability of heteroepitaxial films. The magnitude and tunability of the dielectric constant will be correlated with film crystalline quality and microstructure. C1 SUPERCONDUCTING CORE TECHNOL INC,GOLDEN,CO 80401. RP Raymond, MV (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. RI Alshareef, Husam Niman/A-2000-2015 OI Alshareef, Husam Niman/0000-0001-5029-2142 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 17 IS 1-4 BP 247 EP 256 DI 10.1080/10584589708012999 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA YF222 UT WOS:A1997YF22200025 ER PT J AU Hidaka, T Maruyama, T Sakai, I Saitoh, M Wills, LA Hiskes, R Dicarolis, SA Amano, J Foster, CM AF Hidaka, T Maruyama, T Sakai, I Saitoh, M Wills, LA Hiskes, R Dicarolis, SA Amano, J Foster, CM TI Characteristics of PZT thin films as ultra-high density recording media SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 02-05, 1997 CL SANTA FE, NM SP USN, Naval Postgraduate Sch, Univ Colorado, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, Integrated Ferroelectrics, Sandia Natl Lab, Symetrix Corp DE ferroelectrics; PZT; polarization domain; recording density; switching speed; retention ID SCANNING FORCE MICROSCOPY; TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; SURFACE; DOMAINS AB Ferroelectric thin films as the recording media of scanning probe microscope based storage devices were investigated using an atomic force microscope(AFM) technique. Polarization domains were formed in the PbZrxTi1-xO3(PZT) thin films epitaxialy grown on the epitaxial SrRuO3(SRO) thin films on SrTiO3 substrate by applying a pulse voltage between the conductive tip of AFM and SRO as a bottom electrode. The polarized domains were observed by detecting the inverse-piezoelectricity-induced surface vibration of the PZT thin film caused by applying an ac modulation voltage to the conductive tip. The recording density of polarized domains, domain switching speed and preliminary retention characteristics of polarized domains were studied. The polarized domains as small as 30 nn are formed in the PZT thin film with the thickness of 45 nm. The small domains can be formed by applying a 100 us pulse of 10 V to the conductive tip. As for the retention characteristics of polarized domains with a size of 90-110 nm, the temperature dependence of domain retention time was found to be in accordance with the Arrhenius model. Extrapolation of the Arrhenius plot leads to an estimation that the time for 50% of polarized domains to become smaller than half initial size at 50 degrees C is 34 years for 90-110 nm polarized domains in the 45 nm PZT thin film. C1 HEWLETT PACKARD LABS,PALO ALTO,CA 94304. ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439. RP Hidaka, T (reprint author), HEWLETT PACKARD LABS,TAKATSU KU,3-2-2 SAKADO,KAWASAKI,KANAGAWA 213,JAPAN. NR 15 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 5 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 17 IS 1-4 BP 319 EP 327 DI 10.1080/10584589708013006 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA YF222 UT WOS:A1997YF22200032 ER PT J AU Warren, WL Dimos, D Tuttle, BA Pike, GE AlShareef, HN AF Warren, WL Dimos, D Tuttle, BA Pike, GE AlShareef, HN TI Relationships among ferroelectric fatigue, electronic charge trapping, defect-dipoles, and oxygen vacancies in perovskite oxides SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 18-20, 1996 CL TEMPE, AZ SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Univ Colorado, Motorola, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, Texas Instruments, Tegal Corp ID THIN-FILM CAPACITORS; PHOTOINDUCED HYSTERESIS CHANGES; BATIO3; PB(ZR,TI)O-3; MEMORIES; CERAMICS; LIGHT AB Using electron paramagnetic resonance, it is shown that the reduction of the switchable polarization in BaTiO3 crystals by repeated polarization reversals (fatigue) is accompanied by the trapping of electronic charge at isolated acceptor impurities and atomic scale distortions in the perovskite oxygen octahedron. The distortions are proposed to entail nearby oxygen vacancies. Our results suggest that the suppressed polarization state arises by trapping electronic charge carriers at domain walls; the trapped electronic charge can become thermally stabilized by fatigue-induced distortions in the oxygen octahedron. The octahedron distortions are shown to be unique to fatigue-induced degradation; they are not observed in BaTiO3 capacitors that have an optically-induced suppressed polarization state. RP Warren, WL (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. RI Alshareef, Husam Niman/A-2000-2015 OI Alshareef, Husam Niman/0000-0001-5029-2142 NR 38 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 26 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 16 IS 1-4 BP 77 EP 86 DI 10.1080/10584589708013031 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WR718 UT WOS:A1997WR71800008 ER PT J AU Webb, JD Moutinho, HR Kazmerski, LL Mueller, CH Rivkin, TV Treece, RE Dalberth, M Rogers, CT AF Webb, JD Moutinho, HR Kazmerski, LL Mueller, CH Rivkin, TV Treece, RE Dalberth, M Rogers, CT TI Infrared spectroscopic, x-ray, and nanoscale characterization of strontium titanate thin films SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article AB Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) measurements were performed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the ATR mode with a thallium iodobromide (KRS-5) crystal to measure the frequencies of the nu(3) and nu(4) phonon absorption bands in thin strontium titanate films deposited on single-crystal yttrium-barium copper oxide (YBCO), lanthanum aluminate, magnesium oxide, and strontium titanate substrates. The KRS-5 crystal enabled FTIR-ATR measurements to be made at frequencies above 400 cm(-1). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were also made to further characterize the films. The measurements were repeated on single-crystal specimens of strontium titanate and the substrates for comparison. Softening in the frequency of the nu(4) transverse optical phonon in the lattice-mismatched films below the established value of 544 cm(-1) is indicative of the highly textured, polycrystalline ceramic nature of the films and is consistent with the XRD and AFM results. C1 SUPERCONDUCTING CORE TECHNOL INC,GOLDEN,CO 80401. UNIV COLORADO,DEPT PHYS,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Webb, JD (reprint author), NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401, USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 15 IS 1-4 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1080/10584589708015692 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WR715 UT WOS:A1997WR71500003 ER PT J AU AlShareef, HN Dimos, D Warren, WL Tuttle, BA AF AlShareef, HN Dimos, D Warren, WL Tuttle, BA TI A model for optical and electrical polarization fatigue in SrBi2Ta2O9 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM CAPACITORS; ELECTRODES; HETEROSTRUCTURES; CERAMICS AB We find that significant polarization fatigue (> 90%) can be induced in SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) thin films using (a) broad-band optical illumination combined with a bias neat the switching threshold and (b) electric field cycling under broadband optical illumination. In the latter case, the extent of polarization fatigue increases with decreasing cycling voltage. In either case, the optically fatigued SBT capacitors can be fully rejuvenated by applying a saturating de bias with Light or by electric field cycling without light, which suggests a field-assisted recovery mechanism. A similar behavior was observed in Pb(Zr,Ti)O-3 (PZT) films with LSCO electrodes. Based on these results, we suggest that polarization fatigue in ferroelectrics is essentially a dynamic competition between domain wall pinning due to electronic charge trapping, and field-assisted unpinning of the domain walls. Thus, domain wall pinning is not necessarily absent in nominally fatigue-free systems. Instead, these systems are ones in which domain wall unpinning occurs at least as rapidly as any pinning. Factors which may affect the pinning and unpinning rates will be discussed. RP AlShareef, HN (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. RI Alshareef, Husam Niman/A-2000-2015 OI Alshareef, Husam Niman/0000-0001-5029-2142 NR 21 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 15 IS 1-4 BP 53 EP 67 DI 10.1080/10584589708015696 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WR715 UT WOS:A1997WR71500007 ER PT J AU Findikoglu, AT Jia, QX Wu, XD Reagor, DW AF Findikoglu, AT Jia, QX Wu, XD Reagor, DW TI Paraelectric thin films for microwave applications SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article ID SR0.5BA0.5TIO3; DEVICES AB We have designed, fabricated and characterized electrically tunable and adaptive microwave devices incorporating paraelectric thin films of Sr0.5Ba0.5TiO3 (SBTO) and SrTiO3 (STO) on 1 cm x 1 cm x 0.5 mm LaAlO3 substrates. The paraelectric layer thickness for these devices varied between 0.5 mu m and 2 mu m. We used normal metal Au and superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-x top electrodes for SBTO and STO devices, and operated them at room- and cryogenic-temperatures, respectively. The microwave devices included voltage-tunable resonators, voltage-tunable phase shifters, voltage-tunable mixers, and voltage-tunable filters. Under de voltage bias, these compact planar devices exhibited up to 30% resonant frequency modulation, about 1 degrees/mm-GHz phase shift, more than 40 dB change in mixed microwave power, and fine-tunable symmetric filter profile with less than 2% bandwidth and more than 15% adaptive range. RP Findikoglu, AT (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,MS K763,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 15 IS 1-4 BP 163 EP 171 DI 10.1080/10584589708015707 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WR715 UT WOS:A1997WR71500018 ER PT J AU Cherry, HB Haller, EE Reade, RP Beeman, JW Hubbard, GS McMurray, RE AF Cherry, HB Haller, EE Reade, RP Beeman, JW Hubbard, GS McMurray, RE TI Potassium tantalate niobate thin films for spaceborne pyroelectric detectors SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article AB Potassium tantalate niobate (KTN) thin film pyroelectric detectors are being developed for broad band spaceborne sensors where passively cooled operating temperatures similar to 90K are easily attained. The ability to tailor the phase transition temperature of KTN through composition control makes it an ideal candidate for such applications. Decreasing the operating temperature from 300K to 90K allows for over an order of magnitude increase in the background-limited sensitivity of a pyroelectric detector. Current research focuses on optimizing the composition and structure of laser deposited KTa0.91Nb0.09O3 (T-c = 93K) thin films. Preliminary studies of materials for bottom electrodes are being performed using Pt and conducting oxides with the perovskite structure: La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSC), YBa2Cu3O7-partial derivative (YBCO) and SrRuO3. KTN films have been grown by pulsed laser deposition on LaAlO3, Pt/Si3N4/Si, LSC/LaAlO3, YBCO/SrTiO3, YBCO/LaAlO3, and YBCO/YSZ (yttria-stabilized ZrO2) substrates and heterostructures. The highest quality KTN films on (100)-pseudocubic LaAlO3 are grown at PO2 = 300-400 mTorr and 650-750 degrees C exhibit in and out of plane orientation. The FWHM rocking curves of these films vary from 0.43-0.73 degrees. The presence of undesirable pyrochlore phase, as evidenced by X-ray Diffraction, can be eliminated at partial oxygen pressures of 300 and 400 mTorr. Initially a potassium deficiency of 40-50% was measured in films using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. This deficiency is eliminated by using a potassium enriched (117%) fully reacted ceramic target in addition to growing in higher oxygen partial pressures (400 mTorr). Devices have been fabricated from Pt, LSC and YBCO bottom electrode heterostructures. Results from these structures are discussed. C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720. NASA,AMES RES CTR,MOFFETT FIELD,CA 94035. RP Cherry, HB (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MAT SCI & MINERAL ENGN,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 15 IS 1-4 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1080/10584589708015717 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WR715 UT WOS:A1997WR71500028 ER PT J AU Foster, CM Bai, GR Wang, A Vetrone, J Huang, Y Jammy, R AF Foster, CM Bai, GR Wang, A Vetrone, J Huang, Y Jammy, R TI In-situ growth of Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O-3/RuO2 heterostructures on Si(001) using low-temperature metal-organic chemical vapor deposition SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 18-20, 1996 CL TEMPE, AZ SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Univ Colorado, Motorola, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, Texas Instruments, Tegal Corp ID PB(ZRXTI1-X)O3 THIN-FILMS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; MOCVD; PZT; CAPACITORS; (PB AB Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O-3/RuO2 thin film heterostructures were successfully grown on SiO2/Si(001) substrates using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition with a maximum processing temperature of 525 degrees C. To form the heterostructures, (110)-textured RuO2 electrode layers were first deposited on SiO2/Si(001) substrates at temperatures as low as 350 degrees C at a typical grow rate of similar to 40 Angstrom/min.. The resistivity of the RuO2 films was 30-40 mu Omega-cm. Plan-view transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that typical RuO2 films had a grain size of 800-1000 Angstrom with surface roughness of 3-25 nm, respectively. Perovskite phase Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O-3 (PZT) was then deposited at 525 degrees C. The as-deposited films exhibited a dense, randomly-oriented crystal structure with a grain size of similar to 800-1000 Angstrom. Using capacitors defined with Ag top electrodes, the film showed a remanent polarization of 21.5 mu C/cm(2) and a coercive field of 39.0 kV/cm. The capacitors showed little fatigue up to similar to 10(10) cycles. The as-deposited films exhibited high resistivity (10(12)-10(13) Omega-cm at 100 kV/cm). The current versus voltage characteristics show that the films have typical dielectric breakdown strengths of similar to 60 V/mu m with a sub-breakdown leakage current density of 5 x 10(-5) A/cm(2). RP Foster, CM (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1-4 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1080/10584589708019973 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WR714 UT WOS:A1997WR71400004 ER PT J AU Jia, QX Findikoglu, AT Zhou, R Foltyn, SR Wu, XD AF Jia, QX Findikoglu, AT Zhou, R Foltyn, SR Wu, XD TI Structural characterization of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 on RuO2 prepared by pulsed laser deposition SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 18-20, 1996 CL TEMPE, AZ SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Univ Colorado, Motorola, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, Texas Instruments, Tegal Corp ID THIN-FILM CAPACITORS; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; ELECTRODES; FATIGUE; OXIDE AB Highly conductive RuO2 thin films were epitaxially grown on (100) LaAlO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The RuO2 film deposited with optimized conditions was (h00) oriented normal to the substrate surface with strong in-plane orientation. The RuO2 thin films deposited at temperatures of above 500 degrees C demonstrated a room-temperature resistivity of 35 +/- 2 mu Omega-cm. The Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films deposited on epi-RuO2 showed pure (111) orientation normal to the substrate surface, and exhibited dielectric constant above 600 and dielectric loss of 0.03-0.05 at 100 kHz under zero dc bias. RP Jia, QX (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI & TECHNOL,MAIL STOP G755,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. RI Jia, Q. X./C-5194-2008 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1-4 BP 167 EP 172 DI 10.1080/10584589708019989 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WR714 UT WOS:A1997WR71400020 ER PT J AU Miranda, FA Mueller, CH Treece, RE Rivkin, TV Thompson, JB Moutinho, HR Dalberth, M Rogers, CT AF Miranda, FA Mueller, CH Treece, RE Rivkin, TV Thompson, JB Moutinho, HR Dalberth, M Rogers, CT TI Effect of SrTiO3 deposition temperature on the dielectric properties of SrTiO3/YBa2Cu3O7-delta/LaAlO3 structures SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 18-20, 1996 CL TEMPE, AZ SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Univ Colorado, Motorola, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, Texas Instruments, Tegal Corp ID THIN-FILMS AB We report on the effect of the deposition temperature of SrTiO3 on the dielectric properties of SrTiO3/YBa2Cu3O7-delta/LaAlO3 thin film multilayer structures. In these structures, the YBa2Cu3O7-delta (YBCO) films were deposited at 800 degrees C by laser ablation, followed by the in-situ deposition of the SrTiO3 (STO) layer at one of the following temperatures: 750 degrees C, 650 degrees C, 550 degrees C, 450 degrees C, 350 degrees C, and 250 degrees C. Gold (Au) films were deposited and patterned on top of the STO layer to form planar Au/STO/YBCO capacitor structures. The electrical response was studied by measuring the dielectric constant (epsilon(r)) and loss tangent (tan delta) of the ferroelectric film from 300-40 K, at 1.0 MHz, and at electric fields up to 100 kV/cm. Our results show 750 degrees C to be a deposition temperature which allows for large variations of epsilon(r) with applied field, and with limited enhancement of tan delta. Lower deposition temperatures cause a reduction of the induced change in epsilon(r) and an increase in tan delta with applied field. C1 SUPERCONDUCTING CORE TECHNOL,GOLDEN,CO 80401. NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. UNIV COLORADO,BOULDER,CO 80309. RP Miranda, FA (reprint author), NASA,LEWIS RES CTR,CLEVELAND,OH 44135, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1-4 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1080/10584589708019990 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WR714 UT WOS:A1997WR71400021 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, MA Boyle, TJ Buchheit, CD Tissot, RG Drewien, CA Hernandez, BA Eatough, MO AF Rodriguez, MA Boyle, TJ Buchheit, CD Tissot, RG Drewien, CA Hernandez, BA Eatough, MO TI Phase formation and characterization of the SrBi2Ta2O9 layered-Perovskite ferroelectric SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 18-20, 1996 CL TEMPE, AZ SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Univ Colorado, Motorola, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, Texas Instruments, Tegal Corp AB The Sr-Bi-Ta-O system is of interest for thin-film non-volatile ferroelectric memories. A better understanding of the process by which the perovskite phase forms can provide insight for improved processing of this ferroelectric compound. We have prepared thin-films by a chemical method using Sr-acetate, Bi-acetate and Ta-ethoxide; cation ratios were similar to 1:2:2 for Sr, Bi, and Ta, respectively. Results of in-situ crystallization studies using High-Temperature Grazing-Incidence X-ray Diffraction (HTGIXRD) have demonstrated that a fluorite structure, forming in the similar to 600 - 700 degrees C range, acts an intermediate phase prior to the crystallization of the perovskite. Additional samples with cation ratios of similar to 1:0.8:2 were also investigated. Results for samples prepared with the 0.8 Bi content indicated that a pyrochlore phase forms which contains a substantial deficiency in Bi compared to the composition of the perovskite phase. The structures of the pyrochlore and fluorite phases and their relation to the formation of the perovskite ferroelectric are discussed. RP Rodriguez, MA (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 10 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1-4 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1080/10584589708019993 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WR714 UT WOS:A1997WR71400024 ER PT J AU Grill, A Laibowitz, R Beach, D Neumayer, D Duncombe, PR AF Grill, A Laibowitz, R Beach, D Neumayer, D Duncombe, PR TI Effect of base electrode on the crystallization and electrical properties of PLT SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Integrated Ferroelectrics CY MAR 18-20, 1996 CL TEMPE, AZ SP Naval Postgrad Sch, Univ Colorado, Motorola, Gordon & Breach Sci Publ, Texas Instruments, Tegal Corp ID SILICON AB Lead lanthanum titanate (28% La) films, 900-1500 Angstrom thick, have been deposited by the sol-gel technique on Ir/Si and Pt/Ti/SiO2 substrates. The films have been rapidly thermal annealed for 1-4 min. at 650 degrees C and have been characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and by electrical measurements. The dielectric constant of the PLT films deposited on the Pt electrodes reached a maximal value of 660, while for those deposited on the It electrodes it reached a maximal value of 775. The variation of the values of the dielectric constants of the different samples appears to be controlled mainly by the concentration of Pb in the films. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831. RP Grill, A (reprint author), IBM CORP,DIV RES,TJ WATSON RES CTR,YORKTOWN HTS,NY 10598, USA. NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 1997 VL 14 IS 1-4 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1080/10584589708019994 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA WR714 UT WOS:A1997WR71400025 ER PT B AU Butler, PC Crow, JT Taylor, PA AF Butler, PC Crow, JT Taylor, PA GP IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Battery evaluation methods and results for stationary applications SO INTELEC 97 - 19TH INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENERGY CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS: POWER AND ENERGY SYSTEMS IN CONVERGING MARKETS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Telecommunications Energy Conference (Intelec 97) CY OCT 19-23, 1997 CL MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, IEEE, Power Electr Soc, COM10, GNB Technol, Hawker Batteries, M&H Power Syst, Telstra Corp, Austr Tourist Commiss, MGE UPS Syst, Battery Energy S Pacific, FIAMM, Whats New Magazines AB Evaluation of flooded lead-acid, Valve Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA), and advanced batteries is being performed in the power sources testing labs at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). These independent, objective tests using computer-controlled testers capable of simulating application-specific test regimes provide critical data for the assessment of the status of these technologies. Several different charge/discharge cycling regimes are performed. Constant current and constant power discharge tests are conducted to verify capacity and measure degradation. A utility test is imposed on some units which consists of partial depths of discharge (pulsed constant power) cycles simulating a frequency regulation operating mode, with a periodic complete discharge simulating a spinning reserve test. This test profile was developed and scaled based on operating information from the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) 20 MW battery energy storage system. Another test conducted at SNL is a photovoltaic battery life cycle test, which is a partial depth of discharge test (constant current) with infrequent complete recharges that simulates the operation of renewable energy systems. This test profile provides renewable energy systems. This test profile provides renewable system designers with critical battery performance data representative of field conditions. This paper will describe the results of these tests to date, and include analysis and conclusions. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Butler, PC (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,Mail Stop 0613, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-3997-5 PY 1997 BP 311 EP 318 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK12N UT WOS:000071242800051 ER PT B AU Aiken, RJ Carlson, RA Foster, IT Kuhfuss, TC Stevens, RL Winkler, L AF Aiken, RJ Carlson, RA Foster, IT Kuhfuss, TC Stevens, RL Winkler, L BE Gaiti, D TI Architecture of the multi-modal organizational research and production heterogeneous network (MORPHnet) SO INTELLIGENT NETWORKS AND INTELLIGENCE IN NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IFIP TC6 WG6.7 International Conference on Intelligent Networks and Intelligence in Networks (2IN97) CY SEP 02-05, 1997 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Int Federat Informat Proc, WG6.7 Intelligent Networks, IEEE, Alcatel, Ericsson, France Telecom, Nokia, Nord Teleoperators, Siemens, Telecom Finland, Lab PRiSM AB The research and education (R&E) community requires persistent and scaleable network infrastructure to concurrently support production and research applications as well as network research. In the past, the R&E community has relied on supporting parallel network and end-node infrastructures, which can be very expensive and inefficient for network service managers and application programmers. The grand challenge in networking is to provide support for multiple, concurrent, multi-layer views of the network for the applications and the network researchers, and to satisfy the sometimes conflicting requirements of both while ensuring one type of traffic does not adversely affect the other. Internet and telecommunications service providers will also benefit from a multi-modal infrastructure, which can provide smoother transitions to new technologies and allow for testing of these technologies with real user traffic while they are still in the pre-production mode. Our proposed approach requires the use of as much of the same network and end system infrastructure as possible to reduce the costs needed to support both classes of activities (i.e., production and research). An initial step is to define multiple layers of production services (i.e., at the physical, network media, network bearer, middle, and application layers) that can be made accessible for concurrent use by the network, researcher, manager, or application programmer. Breaking the infrastructure into segments and objects (e.g., routers, switches, multiplexors, circuits, paths, etc.) gives us the capability to dynamically construct and configure the virtual active networks to address these requirements. These capabilities must be supported at the campus, regional, and wide-area network levels to allow for collaboration by geographically dispersed groups. The Multi-Modal Organizational Research and Production Heterogeneous Network (MORPHnet) described in this report is an initial architecture and framework designed to identify and support the capabilities needed for the proposed combined infrastructure and to address related research issues. RP Aiken, RJ (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHAPMAN & HALL PI LONDON PA 2-6 BOUNDARY ROW, LONDON, ENGLAND SE1 8HN BN 0-412-82950-9 PY 1997 BP 229 EP 258 PG 30 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BJ53Y UT WOS:A1997BJ53Y00016 ER PT B AU Armstrong, GA Dochat, GR AF Armstrong, GA Dochat, GR BE Casasent, DP TI Topographical mapping system for radiological and hazardous environments acceptance testing SO INTELLIGENT ROBOTS AND COMPUTER VISION XVI: ALGORITHMS, TECHNIQUES, ACTIVE VISION, AND MATERIALS HANDLING SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XVI - Algorithms, Techniques, Active Vision, and Materials Handling CY OCT 15-17, 1997 CL PITTSBURGH, PA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers, NIST, Coalit Intelligent Mfg Syst, Acad Coalit Intelligent Mfg Syst DE topographical mapping system; structured-light; underground storage tank; radiological environment; hazardous environment AB During the summer of 1996, the Topographical Mapping System (TMS) for hazardous and radiological environments and its accompanying three-dimensional (3-D) visualization tool, the Interactive Computer-Enhanced Remote-Viewing System (ICERVS), were delivered to Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). ORNL and Mechanical Technology, Inc., performed final acceptance testing of the TMS during the next eight months. The TMS was calibrated and characterized during this period. This paper covers the calibration, characterization, and acceptance testing of the TMS. Development of the TMS and the ICERVS was initiated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for the purpose of characterization and remediation of underground storage tar;ks (USTs) at DOE sites across the country. DOE required a 3-D, topographical mapping system suitable for use in hazardous and radiological environments. The intended application is the mapping of the interior of USTs as part of DOE's waste characterization and remediation efforts and to obtain baseline data on the content of the storage tank interiors as well as data on changes in the tank contents and levels brought about by waste remediation steps. Initially targeted for deployment at the Hanford Washington site, the TMS is designed to be a self-contained, compact, and reconfigurable system that is capable of providing rapid, variable-resolution mapping information in poorly characterized workspaces with a minimum of operator intervention. RP Armstrong, GA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,BETHEL VALLEY RD,BLDG 7601,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2640-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3208 BP 283 EP 294 DI 10.1117/12.290327 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Optics GA BJ68N UT WOS:A1997BJ68N00029 ER PT B AU Caryotakis, G Jongewaard, E Kustom, RL Luhmann, NC Petelin, MI Scheitrum, G Vlieks, A AF Caryotakis, G Jongewaard, E Kustom, RL Luhmann, NC Petelin, MI Scheitrum, G Vlieks, A BE Brandt, HE TI W-band micro-fabricated modular klystrons SO INTENSE MICROWAVE PULSES V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Intense Microwave Pulses V Conference CY JUL 31-AUG 01, 1997 CL SAN DIEGO, CA SP Soc Photo Opt Instrumentat Engineers DE klystrons; millimeter wave; quasi-optical combining; sintering; W-band; deep etch lithography; LIGA AB Conventional CW millimeter amplifiers (coupled-cavity TWTs or gyro-klystrons) are limited in power by the maximum current that can be accommodated in a single beam. Cathode current density, beam optics, and the magnetic field necessary to confine the beam, combine to limit beam current and add cost and bulk to the device. If the microwave source is designed as a pulsed klystron operating at a high voltage, larger lateral as well as axial dimensions can be employed. Beam optics become easier and permanent magnet periodic (PPM) focusing is possible. A higher efficiency also results, because of the low perveance. A number of klystrons can then be fabricated on single substrate, using a deep-etch lithography technique. They can be water-cooled individually, and operated in parallel. Several such modules can be stacked to form a klystron ''brick,'' requiring a relatively low voltage for the peak and average power produced. The ''brick'' can be provided with a single output, or with individual, spatially-combined radiators. The design of a 4 x 10 x 1.5-inch module producing 500 kW peak, 500 W average at 91 GHz, and operating at 120 kV, 10 A, will be described. RP Caryotakis, G (reprint author), STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CTR,STANFORD,CA 94309, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE - INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 BN 0-8194-2580-X J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 1997 VL 3158 BP 129 EP 136 DI 10.1117/12.284008 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJ78W UT WOS:A1997BJ78W00016 ER PT S AU King, WE Schwartz, AJ AF King, WE Schwartz, AJ BE Briant, CL Carter, CB Hall, EL TI Toward optimization of the grain boundary character distribution in copper by strain annealing SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB We have used a two-step (low and high temperature) strain-annealing process to evolve the grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) in fully recrystallized oxygen-free electronic (OFE) Cu bar that was forged and rolled. Orientation imaging microscopy (OIM)[1-4] has been used to characterize the GBCD after each step in the processing. The fraction of special grain boundaries, ''special fraction,'' was similar to 70% in the starting recrystallized material. Three different processing conditions were employed: high, moderate, and low temperature. The high-temperature process resulted in a reduction in the fraction of special grain boundaries while both of the lower temperature processes resulted in an increase in special fraction up to 85%. Further, the lower temperature processes resulted in average deviation angles from exact misorientation, for special boundaries, that were significantly smaller than observed from the high temperature process. Results indicate the importance of the low temperature part of the two-step strain-annealing process in preparing the microstructure for the higher temperature anneal and commensurate increase in the special fraction. RP King, WE (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,CHEM & MAT SCI DIRECTORATE,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-362-2 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 458 BP 53 EP 60 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJ28D UT WOS:A1997BJ28D00008 ER PT S AU Sun, EY Becher, PF Plucknett, KP Waters, SB Hirao, K Brito, ME AF Sun, EY Becher, PF Plucknett, KP Waters, SB Hirao, K Brito, ME BE Briant, CL Carter, CB Hall, EL TI Tailoring the intergranular phases in silicon nitride for improved toughness SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Intergranular glass phases can have a significant influence on the fracture resistance (R-curve behavior) of silicon nitride ceramics and appears to be related to the debonding of the beta-Si3N4/oxynitride-glass interfaces. Applying the results from beta-Si3N4-whisker/oxynitride-glass model systems, self-reinforced silicon nitrides with different sintering additive ratios were investigated. Silicon nitrides sintered with a lower Al2O3:Y2O3 additive ratio exhibited higher steady-state fracture toughness together with a steeply-rising R-curve. Analytical electron microscopy studies suggested that the different fracture behavior is related to the Al content in the SiAlON growth band on the elongated grains, which could result in differences in interfacial bonding structures between the grains and the intergranular glass. RP Sun, EY (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-362-2 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 458 BP 67 EP 72 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJ28D UT WOS:A1997BJ28D00010 ER PT S AU Anderson, IM Bentley, J AF Anderson, IM Bentley, J BE Briant, CL Carter, CB Hall, EL TI Interfacial characterization with spectrum-lines and multivariate statistical analysis SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB Changes in the electron energy-loss near-edge fine structure (ELNES) of the O-K and Co-L edges have been characterized in cobalt oxide in the vicinity of a boundary between periclase(CoO) and spinel- (Co3O4) structured phases. The data were acquired with a conventional transmission electron microscope (CTEM) equipped with an imaging filter and operated in spectrum-line mode. Independent spectral features were identified by multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) of the raw data. The MSA of the spectrum-image acquired at the Co-L edge indicated a transition over similar to 12 nm in the spectral features at the phase boundary. The variation of the ELNES at the O-K edge varied appreciably only in the interface region, whereas that at the Co-L edge also indicated subtle gradients in both phases adjacent to the interface area. These gradients are consistent with a change in the average oxidation state of the cobalt cations in the vicinity of the interface. A second independent component of the ELNES was also identified at the Co-L edge. Possible interpretations of this second component are discussed. RP Anderson, IM (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,BLDG 5500,MS 6376,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-362-2 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 458 BP 81 EP 91 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJ28D UT WOS:A1997BJ28D00012 ER PT S AU Besmann, TM Stinton, DP Kupp, ER Shanmugham, S Liaw, PK AF Besmann, TM Stinton, DP Kupp, ER Shanmugham, S Liaw, PK BE Briant, CL Carter, CB Hall, EL TI Fiber-matrix interfaces in ceramic composites SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The mechanical, properties of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are governed by the relationships between the matrix, the interface material, and the fibers. In non-oxide matrix systems the use of compliant pyrolytic carbon or BN have been demonstrated to be effective interface materials, allowing for absorption of mismatch stresses between fiber and matrix and offering a poorly bonded interface for crack deflection. The resulting materials have demonstrated remarkable strain/damage tolerance together with high. strength. Carbon or BN, however, suffer from oxidative loss in many service environments, and thus there is a major search for oxidation resistant alternatives. This paper will review the issues related to developing a stable and effective interface material for non-oxide matrix CMCs. RP Besmann, TM (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-362-2 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 458 BP 147 EP 159 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJ28D UT WOS:A1997BJ28D00021 ER PT S AU Liu, YM Mitchell, TE Wadley, HNG AF Liu, YM Mitchell, TE Wadley, HNG BE Briant, CL Carter, CB Hall, EL TI The influence of fiber/matrix interface on the mechanical behavior of Nicalon SiC fiber reinforced glass-ceramic composites SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The mechanical properties of unidirectional Nicalon SiC fiber reinforced calcium aluminosilicate (CAS/SiC) and magnesium aluminosilicate (MAS/SiC) glass-ceramic composites have been investigated by tensile testing and a nondestructive laser-ultrasound technique. The barium-stuffed MAS was either undoped or doped with 5% borosilicate glass. The degradation of the elastic stiffness constant C-11 in the transverse direction due to interface damage was monitored in-situ by measuring the laser-generated ultrasound wave velocity. The three composite materials show distinctly different macroscopic deformation characteristics, which are correlated strongly to the interface degradation. A stronger reduction trend of the elastic constant C-11 is associated with a larger degree of inelastic deformation. Observations of the fracture surfaces also reveal the close relation between fiber pullout length and interfacial characteristics. Interfaces of these composites have been studied by TEM, and their influence on inhibiting and deflecting matrix cracks is discussed. RP Liu, YM (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,CTR MAT SCI,MAIL STOP K 765,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-362-2 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 458 BP 161 EP 166 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJ28D UT WOS:A1997BJ28D00022 ER PT S AU Alexander, KB Becher, PF Rice, PM Braski, D Sun, EY AF Alexander, KB Becher, PF Rice, PM Braski, D Sun, EY BE Briant, CL Carter, CB Hall, EL TI Microstructure and microchemistry of interfaces in structural ceramic composites SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The performance of reinforced ceramics, particularly the toughness and creep resistance, is often determined by the nature of the interface between the reinforcement and the ceramic matrix. Specially-designed experiments to investigate the role of the interfacial characteristics on toughening mechanisms and crack propagation in reinforced (silicon carbide whisker reinforced alumina) and self-reinforced (silicon nitride) ceramic composites will be described. In the whisker-reinforced composites, the interfacial topography and chemistry were of primary importance, whereas in the silicon nitride materials the formation of interfacial phases and glassy-phase chemistry influenced the interfacial debonding process. The composite interfaces were characterized by high resolution electron microscopy and high spatial resolution microchemical analysis, including energy-dispersive X-ray and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Results from energy-filtered images from ceramic interfaces will also be shown. RP Alexander, KB (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-362-2 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 458 BP 167 EP 178 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJ28D UT WOS:A1997BJ28D00023 ER PT S AU Song, SG Vetrano, JS Bruemmer, SM AF Song, SG Vetrano, JS Bruemmer, SM BE Briant, CL Carter, CB Hall, EL TI Compositional effects on grain boundary dislocation stability in pure aluminum and aluminum alloys SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The dissociation of extrinsic grain boundary dislocations in Al, Al-Mg and Al-Mg-Sn alloys was studied at various temperatures to examine the compositional effect on the dissociation process. It was found that both alloying elements (Mg and Sn) hinder the dissociation, however the effect of Sn is more significant even at a very low concentration due in part to grain boundary segregation. RP Song, SG (reprint author), PACIFIC NW NATL LAB,RICHLAND,WA 99352, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-362-2 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 458 BP 237 EP 242 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJ28D UT WOS:A1997BJ28D00034 ER PT S AU Kameda, J Bloomer, TE Lyu, DY AF Kameda, J Bloomer, TE Lyu, DY BE Briant, CL Carter, CB Hall, EL TI Intergranular fracture in neutron irradiated vanadium-20 wt% titanium alloys undoped and doped with phosphorus SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB This paper presents the effect of neutron irradiation (9.8 x 10(24) n/m(2) at 438 degrees C) on the mechanical properties in V-20 wt.% Ti alloys undoped and doped with P using a small punch testing method. The same amount of neutron irradiation-induced hardening, that is almost temperature independent, was observed in undoped and P doped alloys. Neutron irradiation facilitated heterogeneous formation of grain boundary microcracks, not leading to specimen failure, in the undoped alloy. An irradiated undoped alloy showed ductility loss, that is not as much as expected from the easy microcrack formation due to a mixed mode of intergranular and transgranular cracking. Conversely, in the P doped alloy, intergranular microcracking was suppressed and low temperature ductility was improved by the irradiation. The intergranular fracture behavior controlling the ductility change is discussed in terms of the grain boundary composition and yield strength affected by the neutron irradiation. RP Kameda, J (reprint author), IOWA STATE UNIV,AMES LAB,AMES,IA 50011, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-362-2 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 458 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJ28D UT WOS:A1997BJ28D00041 ER PT S AU Shu, JY Fleck, NA King, WE AF Shu, JY Fleck, NA King, WE BE Briant, CL Carter, CB Hall, EL TI Bicrystals with strain gradient effects SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The boundary between two perfectly bonded single crystals plays a very important role in determining the deformation of the bicrystal. This work addresses the role of the grain boundary by considering the elevated hardening of a slip system due to a slip gradient. The slip gradients are associated with geometrically necessary dislocations and their effects become pronounced when a representative length scale of the deformation field is comparable to the dominant microstructural length scale of a material. A new rate-dependent crystal plasticity theory is presented and has been implemented within the finite element method framework. A planar bicrystal under uniform inplane loading is studied using the new crystal theory. The strain is found to be continuous but nonuniform within a boundary layer around the interface. The lattice rotation is also non-uniform within the boundary layer. The width of the layer is determined by the misorientation of the grains, the hardening behavior of slip systems, and most importantly by the characteristic material length scales. The overall yield strength of the bicrystal is also obtained. A significant grain-size dependence of the yield strength, the Hall-Petch effect, is predicted. RP Shu, JY (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT CHEM & MAT SCI,LIVERMORE,CA 94550, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-362-2 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 458 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJ28D UT WOS:A1997BJ28D00043 ER PT S AU Moody, NR Hwang, RQ Angelo, JE Venkataraman, S Gerberich, WW AF Moody, NR Hwang, RQ Angelo, JE Venkataraman, S Gerberich, WW BE Briant, CL Carter, CB Hall, EL TI Residual stress effects on the fracture of tantalum nitride films SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB In this study, continuous microscratch testing was used to determine the effects of compressive residual stresses on the fracture of thin tantalum nitride films. The films were sputter deposited at room temperature onto single crystal sapphire substrates to a thickness of 600 nm. Some films were left in the as-deposited condition while the remaining films were vacuum annealed at 300 degrees C. The only discernible change in structure was a surface rearrangement of atoms into parallel arrays of striations on the vacuum annealed samples revealing a high compressive residual stress in the films. These stresses had a strong effect on fracture as shown by the as-deposited films which buckled readily during scratch tests forming uniform-width and circular blisters while the vacuum annealed films exhibited a much lower susceptibility to fracture. Application of mechanics-based models for film buckling defined the levels of compressive residual stress and their effect on interfacial fracture. RP Moody, NR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-362-2 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 458 BP 453 EP 458 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJ28D UT WOS:A1997BJ28D00068 ER PT S AU Huang, Y Vuchic, BV Baldo, P Buchholz, DB Mahajan, S Lei, JS Markworth, PR Merkle, KL Chang, RPH AF Huang, Y Vuchic, BV Baldo, P Buchholz, DB Mahajan, S Lei, JS Markworth, PR Merkle, KL Chang, RPH BE Briant, CL Carter, CB Hall, EL TI The mechanism of sputter-induced orientation change in YBCO films on MgO (001) SO INTERFACIAL ENGINEERING FOR OPTIMIZED PROPERTIES SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Interfacial Engineering for Optimized Properties CY DEC 02-05, 1996 CL BOSTON, MA SP Mat Res Soc AB The mechanisms of the sputter induced orientation change in YBa2Cu3O7-x(YBCO) films grown on MgO (001) substrates by pulsed organometallic beam epitaxy (POMBE) are investigated by x-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscatter spectroscopy (RBS), cross-section TEM (XTEM) and microanalysis. It is found that the W atom implantation concurring with the ion sputtering plays an important role in effecting the orientation change. This implantation changes the surface structure of the substrate and induces an intermediate layer in the initial growth of the YBCO film, which in turn acts as a template that induces the orientation change. It seems that the surface morphology change caused by ion sputtering has only a minor effect on the orientation change. RP Huang, Y (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,DIV MAT SCI,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 SN 0886-7860 BN 1-55899-362-2 J9 MAT RES S C PY 1997 VL 458 BP 497 EP 502 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BJ28D UT WOS:A1997BJ28D00074 ER PT J AU Deevi, SC Sikka, VK AF Deevi, SC Sikka, VK TI Exo-Melt(TM) process for melting and casting intermetallics SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE aluminides; iron aluminides (based on Fe3Al); nickel aluminides ID GASLESS COMBUSTION; DUCTILITY; NI3AL; BORON AB Melting of Ni3Al-based intermetallic alloys was successfully accomplished by the Exo-Melt(TM) process by modifying the furnace-loading sequence to initiate the highly exothermic NiAl reaction to form superheated NiAl liquid initially. Recorded images of the melting process showed the occurrence of exothermic diffusional reactions between liquid aluminum and solid nickel melt stock. Combustion synthesis of NiAl and Ni3Al is also described and compared with the Exo-Melt(TM) process. In contrast to the Exo-Melt(TM) process, the conventional melting practice of adding aluminum to molten nickel increased the temperature of the bath from 1600 to 2300 degrees C, and a vapor cloud formed due to the oxidation of alloying elements. The Exo-Melt(TM) process results in power savings of 47% over conventional melting practices, and the process has been used to melt and cast a total of 8000 kg of Ni3Al-based alloy. Reaction mechanisms involved in the Exo-Melt(TM) process and conventional melting processes are described and compared with the reaction mechanisms operating in combustion synthesis. C1 OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV MET & CERAM, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP Deevi, SC (reprint author), PHILIP MORRIS INC, RES CTR, 4201 COMMERCE DR, RICHMOND, VA 23261 USA. NR 24 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PY 1997 VL 5 IS 1 BP 17 EP 27 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(96)00067-2 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WH138 UT WOS:A1997WH13800002 ER PT J AU Schneibel, JH Carmichael, CA Specht, ED Subramanian, R AF Schneibel, JH Carmichael, CA Specht, ED Subramanian, R TI Liquid-phase sintered iron aluminide-ceramic composites SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE composites (intermetallic matrix iron); aluminides (based on Fe3Al); iron aluminides (based on FeAl); fracture toughness; sintering ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; AL ALLOYS; FEAL; EMBRITTLEMENT AB Iron aluminide intermetallics, which exhibit excellent oxidation and sulfidation resistance, were found to be suitable as the matrix phase in metal matrix composites, or the binder in hard metals (or cermets). In particular, ceramics such as TiB2, ZrB2, TiC and WC could all be liquid-phase sintered with an Fe-40 at% Al iron aluminide. The processing and properties of such iron aluminide composites were assessed. Density, hardness, bend strength, and fracture toughness data are presented. Nearly complete densification was achieved for ceramic volume fractions up to 60%. For iron aluminide-tungsten carbide composites containing 60 vol% WC, room temperature three-point bend strengths and fracture toughnesses reached 1460 MPa and 20 MPa m(1/2), respectively. Consistent with the high fracture toughness values, the fracture surfaces showed evidence for ductile deformation of the iron aluminide binder. (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Limited. RP Schneibel, JH (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Specht, Eliot/A-5654-2009 OI Specht, Eliot/0000-0002-3191-2163 NR 21 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PY 1997 VL 5 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(96)00066-0 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WH138 UT WOS:A1997WH13800006 ER PT J AU Maziasz, PJ Ramanujan, RV Liu, CT Wright, JL AF Maziasz, PJ Ramanujan, RV Liu, CT Wright, JL TI Effects of B and W alloying additions on the formation and stability of lamellar structures in two-phase gamma-TiAl SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE titanium aluminides (based on TiAl); microalloying; microstructure ID INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS; TITANIUM ALUMINIDE; DEFORMATION; BEHAVIOR AB The effects of additions of 140 appm B and 0.5 at.% W on the formation and stability of fully-lamellar structures in a Ti-47Al base alloy were studied. The fully-lamellar structure was formed by heat-treatment at 1400 degrees C for 1 h (in vacuum) followed by furnace cooling. Stability was studied by aging these alloys for 168 h at 800, 1000 and 1200 degrees C and making quantitative measurements of lamellar structure parameters (i.e. average lamellar spacing, alpha(2)-alpha(2) spacing) using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and hardness measurements. The B addition alone refines the lamellar structure relative to the binary TiAl alloy, but causes fragmented and discontinuous at lamellae. By contrast, W+B addition refines the lamellar structure and produces more uniform and continuous alpha 2 lamellae. The as-heat-treated Ti-47Al+W+B alloy is harder than the other two alloys. Aging for 168 h at 800 degrees C does not change the fine initial lamellar microstructure of any of these alloys. Aging at 1000 degrees C significantly coarsens the Ti-47Al alloy, causes some coarsening in the Ti-47Al+B alloy, but has little effect on the lamellar structure of the Ti-47Al+W+B alloy. Aging at 1200 degrees C causes discontinuous coarsening and complete loss of the initial, fine, lamellar microstructure in all three alloys. Aging in vacuum produces a subsurface 'damage region' consisting of an alpha(Ti3Al) surface layer with another layer of coarsened gamma microstructure underneath. At 1000 degrees C, this layer is greatest in the binary alloy and least in the Ti-47Al+W+B alloy. Specimens were 5.5% cold-forged and then aged at 1000 degrees C to evaluate the effects of subsurface deformation caused during cutting of the specimens. Prior cold-deformation caused considerable recrystallization in the binary alloy, but almost none in the Ti-47Al+W+B alloy. The additions of W and B to a Ti-47Al alloy refine the fully-lamellar structure obtained by heat-treatment, and make it more resistant to lamellar coarsening (and recrystallization if cold deformed) during aging at 800-1000 degrees C. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. C1 BHABHA ATOM RES CTR,DIV MET,BOMBAY 400085,MAHARASHTRA,INDIA. RP Maziasz, PJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Ramanujan, Raju/A-2245-2011; OI Maziasz, Philip/0000-0001-8207-334X NR 32 TC 68 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PY 1997 VL 5 IS 2 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(96)00070-2 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WH139 UT WOS:A1997WH13900001 ER PT J AU Chu, F Mitchell, TE Majumdar, B Miracle, D Nandy, TK Banerjee, D AF Chu, F Mitchell, TE Majumdar, B Miracle, D Nandy, TK Banerjee, D TI Elastic properties of the O phase in Ti-Al-Nb alloys SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE titanium aluminides; based on Ti3Al; ternary alloy systems; elastic properties ID CONSTANTS; BEHAVIOR; ALUMINIDES; MODULI AB Room-temperature elastic properties of the O phase in the Ti-Al-Nb system have been studied using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS). The isotropic elastic constants of the O-phase in the polycrystalline ternary alloys Ti-27Al-20Nb and Ti-27Al-25Nb were obtained. The results show that the room-temperature bulk, Young's, and shear moduli of these alloys are around 120, 130 and 50 GPa, respectively. The room temperature Poisson's ratios are about 0.3. The Debye temperatures, theta(D), were estimated to be approximately 410 K. The effect of alloying Ti-27Al-20Nb with the transition metal elements Mo, Ta, Zr and V, and with silicon, on the elastic properties has been investigated. The variation of the Young's modulus with temperature has been determined for ternary alloys and quaternary alloys using compression tests. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. C1 USAF, WRIGHT LAB, MLLM, WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB, OH 45433 USA. DEF MET RES LAB, HYDERABAD 500058, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA. RP Chu, F (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, CTR MAT SCI, MAIL STOP K765, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. NR 32 TC 22 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 EI 1879-0216 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PY 1997 VL 5 IS 2 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(96)00075-1 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WH139 UT WOS:A1997WH13900008 ER PT J AU Schneibel, JH George, EP Anderson, IM AF Schneibel, JH George, EP Anderson, IM TI Tensile ductility, slow crack growth, and fracture mode of ternary B2 iron aluminides at room temperature SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE iron aluminides (based on FeAl); ductility; environmental embrittlement; fracture mode; fracture toughness ID STRAIN-RATE; AL-ALLOYS; FEAL; EMBRITTLEMENT; BORON; SENSITIVITY; HARDNESS AB B2 iron aluminides containing 45 at% Al and microalloying additions of 0.2 at% B and 0.1 at% Zr were alloyed with 5 at% of the 3d transition elements Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu. The extruded and annealed alloys were essentially single phase except for isolated stringers which appeared to be borides. Their strength, tensile ductility in air and dry oxygen, and slow crack growth behavior in air were determined at room temperature. Consistent with water vapor-induced embrittlement, the tensile ductility depended on the environment, and the crack growth resistance on the crack velocity. The binary iron aluminide Fe-45 at% Al exhibited ductilities of 8 and 19% in air and dry oxygen, respectively. Ternary alloying increased in most cases the yield strength, and always reduced the ductility. Different alloying additions influenced the slow crack growth behavior in different ways. For example, the crack growth resistance of Fe-45Al-5Cr (at%) did not depend significantly on the crack velocity, whereas that of Fe-45Al-5Mn (at%) decreased strongly as the crack velocity decreased. Alloying additions which are to the left of iron in the periodic system, such as Ti, Cr, and Mn, were associated with intergranular fracture, whereas Co, Ni, and Cu additions, to the right of iron, were associated with substantial amounts of transgranular fracture. For a given alloy, the fraction of intergranular fracture increased with decreasing crack velocity. The experimental results are rationalized in terms of the environmental sensitivity of the grain boundaries, the increase in yield strength upon alloying, and the site occupation of the ternary alloying additions. This does, however, not preclude the influence of additional factors such as differences in the chemical composition and strength of the grain boundaries in the different alloys. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Schneibel, JH (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014 NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PY 1997 VL 5 IS 3 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(96)00087-8 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA WK734 UT WOS:A1997WK73400003 ER PT J AU Heatherly, L George, EP Liu, CT Yamaguchi, M AF Heatherly, L George, EP Liu, CT Yamaguchi, M TI An Auger investigation of the fracture behavior of PST TiAl alloys SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE titanium aluminides; based on TiAl; fracture mode; phase identification; phase interfaces AB Samples of two polysynthetically twinned (PST) TiAl alloys (Ti-49 at% Al and Ti-49 at% Al-0.6 at%Cr) were fractured under different environmental conditions at room temperature, and the fracture surfaces were analyzed using scanning Auger and scanning electron microscopy. These techniques were employed to determine the fracture mode and the chemical composition of the fracture surfaces of the TiAl alloys. Our study clearly indicates that all of the fracture surfaces exposed by bend testing were at, except when fractures occurred across the lamellae. No chromium enrichment was observed on any of the exposed surfaces. From these observations, it was concluded that the fracture mode for these materials is cleavage through the alpha(2)-phase. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. C1 KYOTO UNIV,DEPT MAT SCI & ENGN,SAKYO KU,KYOTO 606,JAPAN. RP Heatherly, L (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014; OI Liu, Chain Tsuan/0000-0001-7888-9725 NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PY 1997 VL 5 IS 4 BP 281 EP 288 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(96)00089-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XA422 UT WOS:A1997XA42200004 ER PT J AU Subramanian, R Schneibel, JH AF Subramanian, R Schneibel, JH TI Intermetallic bonded WC-based cermets by pressureless melt infiltration SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE composites; intermetallic matrix; fracture toughness; powder metallurgy; including consolidation ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; BINDER-PHASE; HARD METALS; DOPED FEAL; ALLOYS; EMBRITTLEMENT; COMPOSITES; STRENGTH; BEHAVIOR AB Several investigations have explored the use of Fe- and Ni-based alloys as alternative metallic binders for Co in the WC-Co composites. Recently, with the improved understanding of the mechanical properties of intermetallics, these were also considered as a possible replacement for Co. Schneibel et al. have processed FeAl-WC composites to near full density (>99%), with intermetallic contents ranging from 40 io 60 vol% for applications requiring the excellent corrosion resistance of FeAl and wear resistance of WC. In this investigation, FeAl bonded tungsten carbide cermets with intermetallic contents from 10-30 vol% (about 4-14 wt%) were successfully processed with densities greater than 98.5% by a simple and economical melt infiltration process. The densities of these composites are significantly higher than those obtained by conventional liquid phase sintering, leading to improvements in the hardness and bend strength values. The technique has also been demonstrated to work successfully in the processing of Ni3Al-bonded WC cermets. Typical microstructures and preliminary mechanical properties are reported and discussed. Mechanical property data of Ni3Al/WC suggest that the interfacial bond strength and the fracture toughness may be controlled by alloying. Although bulk FeAl has a much lower ductility than bulk Ni3Al, the similarity of the fracture toughness data for FeAl/WC and Ni3Al/WC suggests that the fine FeAl ligaments in these composites have high ductilities, consistent with SEM observations. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Limited. RP Subramanian, R (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,DIV MET & CERAM,POB 2008,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 45 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, OXON, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PY 1997 VL 5 IS 5 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.1016/S0966-9795(97)00010-1 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA XF730 UT WOS:A1997XF73000008 ER PT B AU Robinson, D AF Robinson, D BE Rozenblit, J Ewing, T Schulz, S TI Establishing performance requirements of computer based systems subject to uncertainty SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems CY MAR 24-28, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Engn Comp Based Syst, Univ Arizona AB The design of complex systems is difficult at best, but as a design becomes intensively dependent on the computer processing of external and internal information, the design process quickly borders chaos. This situation is exacerbated with the requirement that these systems operate with a minimal quantity of information, generally corrupted by noise, regarding the current stare of the system. Establishing performance requirements for such systems is particularly difficult. This paper briefly sketches a general systems design approach with emphasis on the design of computer based decision processing systems subject to parameter and environmental variation. The approach will be demonstrated with application to an on-board diagnostic (OBD) system for automotive emissions systems now mandated by the state of California and the Federal Clean Air Act. The emphasis is on developing approach for establishing probabilistically based performance requirements for computer based systems. RP Robinson, D (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7890-9 PY 1997 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1109/ECBS.1997.581769 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BH45H UT WOS:A1997BH45H00004 ER PT B AU Kidd, MEC AF Kidd, MEC BE Rozenblit, J Ewing, T Schulz, S TI Ensuring critical event sequences in high consequence computer based systems as inspired by path expressions SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON ENGINEERING OF COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEMS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems CY MAR 24-28, 1997 CL MONTEREY, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Tech Comm Engn Comp Based Syst, Univ Arizona AB The goal is to provide a high level of confidence that critical software driven event sequences are maintained ii I the face of hardware failures and harsh or unstable operating environments The technical approach includes in-situ (embedded in the software) dynamic (run-time) fault management for ensuring critical event sequences in high consequence software. Our method is based on deriving a mathematical description of the critical software controlled event sequence, embedding checkpoints and update points around the critical events into the target code, and adding a module that implements the functionality of the underlying mathematical model. This methodology is inspired by previous work in path expressions. This paper discusses the perceived problems, a brief overview of path expressions, the proposed methods, and a discussion of the differences between the proposed methods and traditional path expression usage and implementation. RP Kidd, MEC (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-7890-9 PY 1997 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1109/ECBS.1997.581943 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BH45H UT WOS:A1997BH45H00070 ER PT B AU Kim, WH Hu, YH Nguyen, T AF Kim, WH Hu, YH Nguyen, T GP IEEE SIGNAL PROC SOC TI Adaptive wavelet packet basis for entropy-constrained lattice vector quantizer (ECLVQ) SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 26-29, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In this paper, the search algorithm for the best wavelet basis/quantization pair is proposed, while specifying the source coding strategy as entropy-constrained Lattice Vector Quantization (ECLVQ). The presented approach differs from previous works [1] [2] since the wavelet basis found is quasi-optimal but the quantizer set is optimally chosen. In addition, the source coding is extended to quantization plus entropy coding, and the computational complexity is reduced by using the estimation formulas instead of measuring the quantization distortion. RP Kim, WH (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,COMP RES & APPL GRP,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8183-7 PY 1997 BP 656 EP 659 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BJ90C UT WOS:A1997BJ90C00166 ER PT B AU Doren, NE Jakowatz, CV Wahl, DE Thompson, PA AF Doren, NE Jakowatz, CV Wahl, DE Thompson, PA GP IEEE SIGNAL PROC SOC TI General formulation for wavefront curvature correction in polar-formatted spotlight-mode SAR images using space-variant post-filtering SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL I LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 26-29, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc AB In this paper, we introduce a general formulation for wavefront curvature correction in spotlight-mode SAR images formed using the polar-formatting algorithm (PFA). This correction is achieved through the use of an efficient, image domain space-variant filter which is applied as a post-processing step to PFA. Wavefront curvature defocus effects occur in certain SAR collection modes that include imaging at close range, using low center frequency, and/or imaging very large scenes. Our formulation is general in that it corrects for wavefront curvature in broadside as well as squinted collection modes, With no computational penalty for correcting squint-mode images. Algorithms such as the range migration technique (also known as seismic migration), and a recent enhancement known as frequency domain replication, FReD, have been developed to accommodate these wavefront curvature effects. However, they exhibit no clear computational advantage over space-variant post-filtering in conjunction with polar formatting (PF2). This paper will present the basic concepts of the formulation, and will provide computer results demonstrating the capabilities of space-variant post-filtering. RP Doren, NE (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,MS0572,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 0 TC 7 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8183-7 PY 1997 BP 861 EP 864 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BJ90C UT WOS:A1997BJ90C00218 ER PT B AU Kimmel, R Malladi, R Sochen, N AF Kimmel, R Malladi, R Sochen, N GP IEEE SIGNAL PROC SOC TI Images as embedding maps and minimal surfaces: A unified approach for image diffusion SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING - PROCEEDINGS, VOL III LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Image Processing CY OCT 26-29, 1997 CL SANTA BARBARA, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE color enhancement; non linear image processing; mean curvature flow; minimal surfaces AB We introduce a new geometrical framework for image processing. This framework: finds a seamless lint between the TV-L-1, [12] and the 12 norms that are often used in image processing, based on the geometry of the image and its interpretation as a surface. It unifies most of the current 'scale space' models for images by a simple selection of one parameter, yet more important, it enables to introduce new methods to deal with images in a simple and natural way. A functional called ''Polyakov action'', borrowed from high energy physics, is shown to be useful for image enhancement in color, texture, volumetric medical data, movies, and more. RP Kimmel, R (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I E E E, COMPUTER SOC PRESS PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 BN 0-8186-8183-7 PY 1997 BP 368 EP 371 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BJ90D UT WOS:A1997BJ90D00094 ER PT S AU Madland, DG AF Madland, DG BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI QCD scales and chiral symmetry in finite nuclei SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB We report on our progress in the calculation of nuclear ground-state properties using effective Lagrangians whose construction is constrained by QCD scales and chiral symmetry. Good evidence is found that QCD and chiral symmetry apply to finite nuclei. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Madland, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 77 EP 83 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600009 ER PT S AU Venneri, F AF Venneri, F BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Hybrid (subcritical) systems for nuclear waste destruction and energy production SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, ADTT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Venneri, F (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, ADTT, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 155 EP 166 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600018 ER PT S AU Madland, DG Sierk, AJ AF Madland, DG Sierk, AJ BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Development of global medium-energy nucleon-nucleus optical model potentials SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB We report on the development of new global optical model potentials for nucleon-nucleus scattering at medium energies. Using both Schrodinger and Dirac scattering formalisms, our goal is to construct a physically realistic optical potential describing nucleon-nucleus elastic scattering observables for a projectile energy range of (-pernaps) 20 MeV to (perhaps) 2 GeV and a target mass range of 16 to 209, excluding regions of strong nuclear deformation. We use a phenomenological approach guided by conclusions from recent microscopic studies. Our experimental database consists largely of proton-nucleus elastic differential ross sections, analyzing powers, spin-rotation functions, and total reaction cross sections, and neutron-nucleus total cross sections. We will use this database in a nonlinear least-squares adjustment of optical model parameters in both relativistic equivalent Schrodinger (including relativistic kinematics) and Dirac (second-order reduction) formalisms. Isospin will be introduced through the standard Lane model and a relativistic generalization of that model. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Madland, DG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 203 EP 205 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600027 ER PT S AU Dietrich, FS Chadwick, MB Kerman, AK AF Dietrich, FS Chadwick, MB Kerman, AK BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Extended direct-semidirect mechanism and the role of multistep processes in fast-nucleon radiative capture SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dietrich, FS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 239 EP 240 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600036 ER PT S AU Mustafa, MG AF Mustafa, MG BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Projectile breakup and Hauser-Feshbach modeling SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB We describe complexities in modeling reactions involving deuterons, tritons, heliums and other light projectiles due to the breakup of the projectile before it can fully react with a target. Up to 40% of the total reaction cross section may be found in the breakup mode. We show that a 'routine' Hauser-Feshbach calculation with direct-reaction or preequilibrium contribution is inadequate to reproduce emission spectra and cross sections. We describe two theoretical approaches to account for the breakup of the projectile, a full microscopic theory and a simpler, optical model based approach. We discuss these two approaches and compare their predictions with experimental data. We suggest that the simpler approach based on the optical model may be used with a conventional Hauser-Feshbach code to model reaction cross sections for light projectiles. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Mustafa, MG (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 274 EP 276 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600046 ER PT S AU Bauer, RW Anderson, JD Grimes, SM Madsen, VA AF Bauer, RW Anderson, JD Grimes, SM Madsen, VA BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Application of a simple Ramsauer model to neutron total cross sections SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB The simple nuclear Ramsauer model has been used successfully to fit neutron total cross sections for over three decades, but has not been widely used because the foundations of the model seem so unrealistic. We have shown that the Glauber calculations with the inclusion of refraction and optical model calculations essentially validate this simple model for neutron total cross sections in the neutron energy range of 5-50 MeV. This model yields a simple formula for parameterizing the energy dependence of the neutron total cross section. We have applied the model to nuclei ranging from vanadium to bismuth. Using the simplest parameterization, we obtain fits of the data to within 2.5%. With the addition of a single parameter, we can improve these fits to less than 1.5%. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Bauer, RW (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 317 EP 319 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600060 ER PT S AU Dietrich, FS Abfalterer, WP Haight, RC Morgan, GL Bateman, FB Finlay, RW AF Dietrich, FS Abfalterer, WP Haight, RC Morgan, GL Bateman, FB Finlay, RW BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Recent measurements of neutron total cross sections on a wide range of targets from 5 to 600 MeV at LANSCE/WNR SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, DIP N DIV, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dietrich, FS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, DIP N DIV, POB 808,Mail Stop LO25, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 402 EP 406 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600083 ER PT S AU Holden, NE Hu, JP Greenwood, LR Farrell, K Reciniello, RN Sengupta, S AF Holden, NE Hu, JP Greenwood, LR Farrell, K Reciniello, RN Sengupta, S BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Updated flux information for neutron scattering and irradiation facilities at the BNL high flux beam reactor SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Reactor Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Holden, NE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Reactor Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Greenwood, Lawrence/H-9539-2016 OI Greenwood, Lawrence/0000-0001-6563-0650 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 426 EP 428 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600089 ER PT S AU Michaudon, A AF Michaudon, A BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Spallation-neutron sources SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB Of particular interest for neutron-physics studies are spallation-neutron sources (SNSs) using intense proton beams with energies in the GeV range. Some SNSs already provide average fluxes of thermal and cold neutrons comparable with those of high-flux reactors. Most SNSs are pulsed with high peak fluxes that can be used with the powerful time-of-flight (TOF) method. Also, SNSs could be developed to much higher performance. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Michaudon, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 440 EP 444 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600093 ER PT S AU Nelson, RO Becker, JA Archer, DE Bernstein, LA Johns, GD Wilburn, WS Younes, W Drake, DM Rundberg, RS Wender, SA Hauschild, K Yates, SW Garrett, PE AF Nelson, RO Becker, JA Archer, DE Bernstein, LA Johns, GD Wilburn, WS Younes, W Drake, DM Rundberg, RS Wender, SA Hauschild, K Yates, SW Garrett, PE BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI GEANIE at WNR/LANSCE - A new instrument for neutron science SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB GEANIE, an array of escape-suppressed high-resolution Ge detectors now installed at the white-neutron source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, is the first large Ge detector array to be used at a high-energy spallation neutron source. GEANIE consists of 20 Ge detectors including both coaxial Ge detectors and planar Ge detectors to enhance capabilities for low-energy gamma-ray spectroscopy. The array is located on a 20 m flight path with a neutron flux spanning the energy range from 1 to over 200 MeV. Installation of the first phase of GEANIE was recently completed and data were acquired on a. number of samples, including actinides. The unique combination of GEANIE with the neutron source at LANSCE provides new capabilities for neutron science. The status of the ai?ay and recent results are presented, and new opportunities for physics and nuclear data are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 3, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Nelson, RO (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE 3, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 445 EP 449 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600094 ER PT S AU Bernstein, LA Archer, DE Becker, JA Drake, D Garrett, PE Johns, GD Nelson, RO Wilburn, WS Yates, SW Younes, W AF Bernstein, LA Archer, DE Becker, JA Drake, D Garrett, PE Johns, GD Nelson, RO Wilburn, WS Yates, SW Younes, W BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Probing the Pt-196(n,xn gamma) reactions using GEANIE at LANSCE/WNR SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. RP Bernstein, LA (reprint author), LLNL, Livermore, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 450 EP 454 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600095 ER PT S AU Haight, RC AF Haight, RC BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Charged particles produced in neutron reactions on nuclei from beryllium to gold SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB Charged-particle production in reactions of neutrons with nuclei has been studied over the past several years with the spallation source of neutrons from 1 to 50 MeV at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). Target nuclides include 9Be, C, 27Al, Si, 56Fe, 59Ca, 58,60Ni, 93Nb and 197Au, Proton, deuteron, triton, 3He and 4He emission spectra, angular distributions and production cross sections have been measured. Transitions from the compound nuclear reaction mechanism to precompound reactions are clearly seen in the data. The data are compared with data from the literature where available, with evaluated nuclear data libraries, and with calculations where the selection of the nuclear level density prescription is of great importance. Calculations normalized at En = 14 MeV can differ from the present data by a factor of 2 for neutron energies between 5 and 10 MeV. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Haight, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 500 EP 504 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600110 ER PT S AU Guber, KH Larson, DC Koehler, PE Spencer, RR Raman, S Harvey, JA Hill, NW Lewis, TA Winters, RR AF Guber, KH Larson, DC Koehler, PE Spencer, RR Raman, S Harvey, JA Hill, NW Lewis, TA Winters, RR BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Experimental opportunities at the pulsed neutron source ORELA SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB We have developed an improved C6D6 detector system, a high-purity germanium n-type detector system, and a new BaF2 system for capture and fission measurements at ORELA. With our set of different detectors, we are able to measure high-precision data for total cross-section measurements, as well as fission, elastic scattering, gamma-ray, and neutron-production cross section data. Additional capabilities at ORELA include an intense, pulsed positron, source of similar to 10(8)e(+)/sec. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Guber, KH (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, MS 6354, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 559 EP 561 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600129 ER PT S AU Haight, C Bateman, FB Sterbenz, SM Chadwick, MB Young, PG Grimes, SM Wasson, OA Maier-Komor, P Vonach, H AF Haight, C Bateman, FB Sterbenz, SM Chadwick, MB Young, PG Grimes, SM Wasson, OA Maier-Komor, P Vonach, H BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI THE Ni-58,Ni-60(n,xalpha) reactions from threshold to 50 MeV SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB The Ni-58,Ni-60(n,xalpha) reactions have been studied at the fast neutron spallation source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) for neutron energies from threshold to 50 MeV. Alpha particles were observed at four angles by detectors consisting of low-pressure proportional counters and silicon surface-barrier detectors. Cross sections and emission spectra agree fairly well with data in the literature for experiments where alpha particles are detected. The cross sections for the Ni-58(n,alpha) reaction are significantly lower than those determined by activation in the region from threshold to 10 MeV. The cross sections for both isotopes are lower than the ENDF/B-VI evaluations from threshold to 12 MeV. The data are interpreted in terms of the Hauser-Feshbach reaction model with precompound emission. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Haight, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 603 EP 606 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600144 ER PT S AU Ross, MA Blann, M AF Ross, MA Blann, M BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Empirical model for shell-corrected level densities SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB An empirical method for calculating level densities of closed and near-closed shell nuclei has been developed and tested. This method is based on the calculation of shell plus pairing corrections for each relevant nuclide. A new version of the ALICE code is used to extract these corrections from the Myers-Swiatecki mass formula and to apply them to the calculation of effective excitations in level densities. The corrections are applied in a backshifted fashion to assure correct threshold dependence. We compare our calculated results with experimental data for the production of Ni-56 and Y-88 to test shell corrections near the f7/2 closure and the N=50 neutron shell. We also compare our results with those using pure Fermi gas (plus pairing) level densities, and with the more computationally intensive model of Kataria and Ramamurthy. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ross, MA (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 823 EP 825 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600208 ER PT S AU Leal, LC Derrien, H Larson, NM AF Leal, LC Derrien, H Larson, NM BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Statistical properties of the s-wave resonances of U-235 SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB The resonance parameters of U-235 in the energy range 0 eV to 2.25 keV were obtained from a generalized least squares analysis of a large set of experimental data using the Reich-Moore formalism in the fitting code SAMMY.(1) The aim of the present paper is to present the statistical properties of the a-wave resonance parameters generated from this study. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Leal, LC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 864 EP 867 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600218 ER PT S AU Bhat, MR Chadwick, MB Smith, MS AF Bhat, MR Chadwick, MB Smith, MS BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI US nuclear reaction data program in support of basic research SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Bhat, MR (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 874 EP 878 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600221 ER PT S AU Chu, SYF Firestone, RB Ekstrom, LP Nordberg, H Dahlstrom, G AF Chu, SYF Firestone, RB Ekstrom, LP Nordberg, H Dahlstrom, G BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Electronic publication of nuclear data SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Chu, SYF (reprint author), Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Nucl Sci, MS 50A-1148,1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 894 EP 898 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600225 ER PT S AU Leal, LC Larson, NM Larson, DC Hetrick, DM AF Leal, LC Larson, NM Larson, DC Hetrick, DM BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI R-Matrix evaluation of Si-28, Si-29 and Si-30 up to 1.8 MeV SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB The intent of this paper is to present and describe the procedures used to evaluate the silicon cross sections in the resolved resonance region up to 1.8 MeV with the multilevel Reich-Moore R-matrix formalism and to present the results. The resonance analyses were performed with the SAMMY code which utilizes a generalized least squares technique (i.e., Bayes' method). C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Leal, LC (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 929 EP 933 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600234 ER PT S AU Mughabghab, SF Dunford, C AF Mughabghab, SF Dunford, C BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Nuclear model tests with neutron resonance data SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB The spin dispersion parameter of the level density formula, sigma, as determined from the spin dependent level spacings of neutron resonances, is compared with theoretical expressions and found to be in agreement with the results of Erickson. On the basis of the present results, the level density parameters, a, for a few nuclides were then derived and found to be lower than previous determinations by about 20%. The impact of the present findings on the LAHET calculations of neutron yields from thick targets of W is discussed. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mughabghab, SF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 985 EP 987 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600252 ER PT S AU Holden, NE AF Holden, NE BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Neutron and nuclear data revisited for the 1997/98 Handbook of Chemistry and Physics SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Reactor Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Holden, NE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Reactor Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1027 EP 1029 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600262 ER PT S AU McLane, V Dunford, CL AF McLane, V Dunford, CL BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI The "Barn Book" online SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP McLane, V (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Nucl Data Ctr, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1060 EP 1062 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600273 ER PT S AU Spriggs, GD Frankle, SC Little, RC AF Spriggs, GD Frankle, SC Little, RC BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Usefulness of k(eff)-measurements in validating nuclear cross-section sets SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB A k(eff) measurement is a necessary and viral measurement, but by itself it is not sufficient to validate any cross-section set; to validate all aspects of a cross-section set, numerous integral and differential quantities such as k(eff), neutron lifetime, fission ratios, central reactivity worth, neutron and gamma-ray spectra, effective delayed neutron fraction, and others should also be measured. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Spriggs, GD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,B226, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1101 EP 1103 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600284 ER PT S AU Smith, DL Ikeda, Y Uno, Y Maekawa, F AF Smith, DL Ikeda, Y Uno, Y Maekawa, F BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Neutron spectrum adjustment using reaction rate data acquired with a liquid dosimetry system SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB A dosimetry technique based on neutron activation of circulating water with dissolved salts is discussed. This paper focuses on use of the generalized least-squares (GLS) method to derive information on the neutron-energy spectrum from the measured radioactivity yields. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1242 EP 1244 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600325 ER PT S AU Raman, S Walker, RL Murphy, BD AF Raman, S Walker, RL Murphy, BD BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Actinide behavior in the US/UK actinides experiment at the Dounreay PFR SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB The United States and the United Kingdom have been engaged in a joint research program in which samples of higher actinides were irradiated in the 600-MW Dounreay Prototype Fast Reactor in Scotland. Analytical results using mass spectrometry and radiometry for actinides and fission products are now available for the samples in Fuel Pins 1 and 2, which were irradiated for 63 full-power days, and for the samples in Fuel Pin 4, which were irradiated for 492 full-power days. Results from these three fuel pins are providing estimates of integral cross sections and fission yields. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Raman, S (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1326 EP 1328 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600350 ER PT S AU Beddingfield, DH Menlove, HO Cecil, FE AF Beddingfield, DH Menlove, HO Cecil, FE BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Non-invasive identification of containerized uranium and plutonium by measurement of fission fragment gamma-ray spectra SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB We have Investigated a technique for the non-invasive determination of containerized uranium and plutonium. In this technique, the sample is bombarded with a moderately intense flux of neutrons (1e7 n/cm(2)/sec) for a short time (100 sec). Following the bombardment, gamma-ray yields can be determined and compared to theoretical expectation. U-235 and Pu-239 can then be identified by the differences in their fission yield distribution Recent experimental results establishing the viability of this technique will be presented. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Beddingfield, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mail Stop E540, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1412 EP 1414 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600374 ER PT S AU Young, PG Chadwick, MB AF Young, PG Chadwick, MB BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Neutron- and proton-induced nuclear data libraries to 150 MeV for accelerator-driven applications SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB A program is underway at Los Alamos National Laboratory to develop nuclear data libraries for incident neutrons and protons to 150 MeV for accelerator-driven applications. These libraries will be used initially for design of an accelerator-based facility to produce tritium, including analysis of system performance, induced radiation doses, material activation, heating, damage, and shielding requirements. The libraries are based primarily on nuclear model calculations with the GNASH reaction theory code, including thorough benchmarking of the model calculations against experimental data. All evaluations include specification of production cross sections for light particles, gamma rays, and heavy recoil particles, energy-angle correlated spectra For secondary light particles, and energy spectra for gamma rays and heavy recoil nuclei. The neutron evaluations are combined with ENDF/B-VI evaluations below 20 MeV. To date, neutron and proton evaluations have been completed for H-2, C-12, O-16, Al-27, Si-28,Si-29,Si-30, Ca-40, Fe-54,Fe-56,Fe-57,Fe-58, W-182,W-183,W-184,W-186, and Pb-206,Pb-207,Pb-208. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Young, PG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1440 EP 1442 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600381 ER PT S AU MacFarlane, RE Chadwick, MB AF MacFarlane, RE Chadwick, MB BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Working with 150-MeV evaluations: NJOY and kerma SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB New evaluations of neutron and proton data to 150 MeV will allow the accurate determination of radiation heating for several important applications. The NJOY Nuclear Data Processing System has been extended to convert these data into kerma factors for easy calculations of neutron heating. The results compare well with experimental kerma measurements. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP MacFarlane, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1443 EP 1445 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600382 ER PT S AU Little, RC Frankle, SC Hughes, HG Prael, RE AF Little, RC Frankle, SC Hughes, HG Prael, RE BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Utilization of new 150-MeV neutron and proton evaluations in MCNP SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Little, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1446 EP 1448 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600383 ER PT S AU Prael, RE Chadwick, MB AF Prael, RE Chadwick, MB BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Applications of evaluated nuclear data in the LAHET (TM) code SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB We investigate the use of evaluated cross section data to define the nonelastic interaction rate for reactions described by the intranuclear cascade code in LAHET(TM). We find that improved predictions of total neutron production within stopping-length target assemblies are obtained. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Prael, RE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1449 EP 1453 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600384 ER PT S AU Wilson, WB England, TR Herman, M MacFarlane, RE Muir, DW AF Wilson, WB England, TR Herman, M MacFarlane, RE Muir, DW BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI CINDER'90 code for transmutation calculations SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB The CINDER'90 code and library continue to be developed for the description of nuclide inventories produced in a wide range of radiation environments. Although generally applicable, CINDER'90 is typically applied with ancillary codes and the LAHET Code System to describe a variety of accelerator transmutation problems. The first release version of the CINDER'90 code and library LibC90a permit the calculation of inventories of 3400 nuclides of Z less than or equal to 103, using evaluated neutron reaction data below 20 MeV. Data extension efforts are now progressing to extend reaction data to 150 MeV for neutrons and protons, limited to targets of Z less than or equal to 84, in LibC90b. Public release of the code and libraries is now planned for the Fall of 1997. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Theory & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Wilson, WB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Nucl Theory & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1454 EP 1457 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600385 ER PT S AU Mughabghab, S Schmidt, E Ludewig, H AF Mughabghab, S Schmidt, E Ludewig, H BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Neutronic data in support of space nuclear propulsion SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB The scattering kernel data far (LiH)-Li-7 have been generated for the first time in the temperature range 50-1000 K. This is based on a phonon distribution function derived from both experimental data and theoretical calculations. A detailed study of the variation of the moderator temperature coefficient alpha(m)(T) with temperature, T, is carried out for a typical space nuclear reactor of the particle bed type. It is established that the moderator temperature coefficient is promotional to T-1.65 where T is the moderator temperature in Kelvin units. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mughabghab, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1500 EP 1502 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600396 ER PT S AU Hale, GM AF Hale, GM BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Helium-induced reactions astrophysics SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hale, GM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1548 EP 1552 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600409 ER PT S AU Smith, D Daly, J Van Wormer, L Wiescher, M AF Smith, D Daly, J Van Wormer, L Wiescher, M BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Data compilation and the derivation of reaction rates at stellar energies for (p,gamma) and (p,alpha) reactions in the mass range A = 30-50 SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB The literature for (p,gamma) and (p,alpha) reactions on mass A = 30-50 targets is summarized and nuclear data are assembled in computer files for astrophysical applications. These data are on cross sections, resonance parameters, and levels and transitions in product nuclei. Reaction rates (with uncertainties) are determined for stellar temperatures from 10(7) to 10(10) degrees K (kT from 0.86 to 860 keV). Some results for the P-31(p,gamma)S-32 reaction are given to illustrate the program. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, D (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,TD-207-DB116, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1553 EP 1555 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600410 ER PT S AU Koehler, PE Spencer, RR Guber, KH Harvey, JA Hill, NW Winters, RR AF Koehler, PE Spencer, RR Guber, KH Harvey, JA Hill, NW Winters, RR BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI High-resolution neutron capture and transmission measurements and the stellar neutron capture cross sections of Sn-116,Sn-120 SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Koehler, PE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Phys, Bldg 6010 Mail Stop 6354 TN, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1581 EP 1583 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600417 ER PT S AU Mughabghab, SF AF Mughabghab, SF BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Neutron capture cross sections for nucleosynthesis SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB Maxwellian Neutron capture cross sections important for nucleosynthesis processes in stars are computed from the recommended individual resonance parameters, as well as from the measured energy dependent cross sections. The experimental neutron capture cross sections, spanning the energy range from a few keV to about 500 keV are evaluated in the framework of the Lane-Lynn capture formalism by including several partial waves in the analysis. In addition, in a few cases, the neutron inelastic scattering channels are included. The feasibility of extrapolating the calculations to nuclides off the stability line is examined. The effect of stellar temperature in the range from 10 keV to 50 keV on the Maxwellian neutron capture cross sections is investigated. The Maxwellian capture cross sections at 30-KeV for Nb-93, I-127, Pr-141, Sm-150, Sm-152,(154) Sm, and Ta-181 are computed and are compared with other determinations. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Mughabghab, SF (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1624 EP 1626 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600431 ER PT S AU Holden, NE Rorer, DC Patti, FJ Liu, HB Reciniello, R Chanana, AD AF Holden, NE Rorer, DC Patti, FJ Liu, HB Reciniello, R Chanana, AD BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Technical aspects of boron neutron capture therapy at the BNL Medical Research Reactor SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Reactor Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Holden, NE (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Reactor Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1674 EP 1676 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600443 ER PT S AU Chadwick, MB AF Chadwick, MB BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Calculation of nuclear data for fast neutron and proton radiotherapy: A new ICRU report SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna AB I discuss the determination of nuclear interaction cross sections tl-rat are needed for fast neutron and proton radiotherapy. Both nuclear theory and experimental results are used to evaluate these data. An International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) report, which is expected to be issued in 1998 and which compiles these data, is described. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Chadwick, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1683 EP 1687 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600445 ER PT S AU Yuan, VW Asay, BW Boat, R Bowman, JD Funk, DJ Hixson, R Hull, L Laabs, G London, R Morgan, GL Rabie, R Ragan, CE AF Yuan, VW Asay, BW Boat, R Bowman, JD Funk, DJ Hixson, R Hull, L Laabs, G London, R Morgan, GL Rabie, R Ragan, CE BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Dynamic temperature and velocity measurements using neutron resonance spectroscopy. SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Yuan, VW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-23,MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1723 EP 1727 PN 1-2 PG 5 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600455 ER PT S AU Dietrich, FS AF Dietrich, FS BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Summary of sessions on nuclear reaction mechanisms SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dip N Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Dietrich, FS (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dip N Div, POB 808,Mail Stop LO25, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1761 EP 1763 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600465 ER PT S AU Young, PG AF Young, PG BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Topic 4: Nuclear data evaluation and data center activities SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T2, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Young, PG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Grp T2, MS B243, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1769 EP 1770 PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600468 ER PT S AU Smith, DL AF Smith, DL BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Conference summary for Topic 6: Standards and dosimetry SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Smith, DL (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,TD-207-DB116, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1777 EP 1779 PN 1-2 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600471 ER PT S AU Michaudon, A AF Michaudon, A BE Reffo, G Ventura, A Grandi, C TI Topic 9 - Accelerator technology and applications, and space science SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 59, PT 1 AND 2 SE SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA : CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY MAY 19-24, 1997 CL TRIESTE, ITALY SP Commiss European Communities, D G XII Sci Res & Dev, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Soc Italiana Fis, TSI Res, Solana Beach, CA, Comune Lugo, Banco Romagna, Comune Trieste, Cassa Risparmio Trieste Fdn, ALITALIA, TELECOM ITALIA, ANSALDO, Div Nucl, FIAT SE P IN, Serv Ind, Ctr Radioprotezione, Assicurazioni Gen SpA, Zust Ambrosetti SpA, FINNIGAN, Cinisello Balsamo, SEGRETA, Bologna, RANK XEROX, ILLY CAFFE SpA, Trieste, VOLVO Italia SpA, Principe San Daniele SpA, Trieste, Edizioni Essegi, Ravenna, SEIMARC, Lugo, Biagetti Arredamenti, Ravenna C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Michaudon, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663,MS H803, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC ITALIANA FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA CASTIGLIONE 101, 40136 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1122-1437 BN 88-7794-114-6 J9 SOC ITAL FI PY 1997 VL 59 BP 1780 EP 1783 PN 1-2 PG 4 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BL26M UT WOS:000074938600472 ER PT B AU Warren, MS Becker, DJ Goda, MP Salmon, JK Sterling, T AF Warren, MS Becker, DJ Goda, MP Salmon, JK Sterling, T BE Arabnia, HR TI Parallel supercomputing with commodity components SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS, VOLS I-III, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA 97) CY JUN 30-JUL 03, 1997 CL LAS VEGAS, NV SP Comp Sci Res, Educ & Applicat Tech, N Amer Transputer Users Grp, Comp Vis Res & Applicat Tech, US DOE, Natl Super Comp Ctr Energy & Environm DE BEOWULF; treecode; benchmarks AB We have implemented a parallel computer architecture based entirely upon commodity personal computer components. Using 16 Intel Pentium Pro microprocessors and switched fast ethernet as a communication fabric, we have obtained sustained performance on scientific applications in excess of one Gigaflop. During one production astrophysics treecode simulation, we performed 1.2 x 10(15) floating point operations (2.2 Petaflops) over a three week period, with one phase of that simulation running continuously for two weeks without interruption. We report on a variety of disk, memory and network benchmarks. We also present results from the NAS parallel benchmark suite, which indicate that this architecture is competitive with current commercial architectures. In addition, we describe some software written to support efficient message passing, as well as a Linux: device driver interface to the Pentium hardware performance monitoring registers. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Warren, MS (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU C S R E A PRESS PI ATHENS PA 115 AVALON DR, ATHENS, GA 30606 USA BN 0-9648666-8-4 PY 1997 BP 1372 EP 1381 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BR81J UT WOS:000167624100173 ER PT B AU Simmons, JA Blount, MA Moon, JS Baca, WE Reno, JL Hafich, MJ AF Simmons, JA Blount, MA Moon, JS Baca, WE Reno, JL Hafich, MJ GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Unipolar complementary bistable memories using gate-controlled negative differential resistance in a 2D-2D quantum tunneling transistor SO INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING - 1997, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Electron Devices Meeting (1997 IEDM) CY DEC 07-10, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB We demonstrate a novel quantum device, the double electron layer tunneling transistor (DELTT). The DELTT's operating principle is based on the gate-control of 2D-2D resonant tunneling between the two electron layers in an AlGaAs/GaAs double quantum well heterostructure. Unlike other quantum transistors, the DELTT does not require small lateral dimensions, but is entirely planar in configuration, enabling ease in fabrication. We demonstrate static memories at 77 K, and unipolar complementary static memories at 1.5 K, using half as many transistors as conventionally required. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Simmons, JA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4101-5 PY 1997 BP 755 EP 758 DI 10.1109/IEDM.1997.650492 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK40G UT WOS:000072059200171 ER PT B AU Sniegowski, JJ Rodgers, MS AF Sniegowski, JJ Rodgers, MS GP IEEE IEEE IEEE IEEE TI Multi-layer enhancement to polysilicon surface-micromachining technology SO INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING - 1997, TECHNICAL DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1997 International Electron Devices Meeting (1997 IEDM) CY DEC 07-10, 1997 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc AB A multi-level polysilicon surface-micromachining technology consisting of 5 layers of polysilicon is presented. Surface topography and film mechanical stress are the major impediments encountered in the development of a multi-layer surface-micromachining process. However, excellent mechanical film characteristics have been obtained through the use of chemical-mechanical polishing for planarization of topography and by proper sequencing of film deposition with thermal anneals. Examples of operating microactuators, geared power-transfer mechanisms, and optical elements demonstrate the mechanical advantages of construction with 5 polysilicon layers. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Micromachine Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Sniegowski, JJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Intelligent Micromachine Dept, MS1080,POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NR 0 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-4101-5 PY 1997 BP 903 EP 906 DI 10.1109/IEDM.1997.650527 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BK40G UT WOS:000072059200205 ER PT J AU Kline, D Owens, B Short, W Vimmerstedt, L AF Kline, D Owens, B Short, W Vimmerstedt, L GP INT ASSOC ENERGY ECON TI The role of renewable energy in US climate strategies SO INTERNATIONAL ENERGY MARKETS, COMPETITION AND POLICY, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual North American Conference on International Energy Markets, Competition and Policy CY SEP 07-10, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP US assoc energy Econ, Int Assoc Energy Econ, Aramo Serv Co, Atlantic Richfield Co, Cornerstone Res, EDS, Elect Power Res Inst, Exxon Corp, Law & Econ Sonculting Grp, Petr Econ Ltd C1 NATL RENEWABLE ENERGY LAB,GOLDEN,CO 80401. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, SUITE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 PY 1997 BP 497 EP 506 PG 10 WC Business; Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA BJ73U UT WOS:A1997BJ73U00057 ER PT J AU Wiser, R Pickle, S AF Wiser, R Pickle, S GP INT ASSOC ENERGY ECON TI Green marketing and renewables: What role for public policy in a restructured electric industry? SO INTERNATIONAL ENERGY MARKETS, COMPETITION AND POLICY, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual North American Conference on International Energy Markets, Competition and Policy CY SEP 07-10, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP US assoc energy Econ, Int Assoc Energy Econ, Aramo Serv Co, Atlantic Richfield Co, Cornerstone Res, EDS, Elect Power Res Inst, Exxon Corp, Law & Econ Sonculting Grp, Petr Econ Ltd C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,ENVIRONM ENERGY TECHNOL DIV,BERKELEY,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, SUITE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 PY 1997 BP 563 EP 572 PG 10 WC Business; Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA BJ73U UT WOS:A1997BJ73U00064 ER PT B AU Marnay, C Kito, S Sezgen, O Kirshner, D AF Marnay, C Kito, S Sezgen, O Kirshner, D GP INT ASSOC ENERGY ECON TI Entry into a competitive electricity market: The fate of renewable generators in the California Pool beyond 2005 SO INTERNATIONAL ENERGY MARKETS, COMPETITION AND POLICY, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th Annual North American Conference on International Energy Markets, Competition and Policy CY SEP 07-10, 1997 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP US assoc energy Econ, Int Assoc Energy Econ, Aramo Serv Co, Atlantic Richfield Co, Cornerstone Res, EDS, Elect Power Res Inst, Exxon Corp, Law & Econ Sonculting Grp, Petr Econ Ltd C1 LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,BERKELEY,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR ENERGY ECONOMICS PI CLEVELAND PA 28790 CHAGRIN BLVD, SUITE 210, CLEVELAND, OH 44122 PY 1997 BP 592 EP 601 PG 10 WC Business; Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA BJ73U UT WOS:A1997BJ73U00067 ER PT J AU Liu, C Huang, Y Lovato, ML Stout, MG AF Liu, C Huang, Y Lovato, ML Stout, MG TI Measurement of the fracture toughness of a fiber-reinforced composite using the Brazilian disk geometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRACTURE LA English DT Article DE fracture toughness measurement; composites fracture; crack initiation; Brazilian disk specimen ID MIXED-MODE FRACTURE; INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE; GRAPHITE EPOXY; ORTHOTROPIC MATERIALS; TEST SPECIMENS; DELAMINATION; INTERFACES AB A technique, using the Brazilian disk specimen, for measuring the fracture toughness of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites, over the entire range of crack-tip mode mixities, was developed. The fracture toughness of a graphite/epoxy fiber-reinforced composite was measured, under both mode-I and mode-II loading conditions. We found that for certain material orientations the mode-II fracture toughness is substantially higher than the mode-I toughness. The complete dependence of the fracture toughness on the crack-tip mixity was determined for particular material orientations and the phenomenological fracture toughness curves were constructed. Using the Brazilian disk specimen, together with a hydraulic testing machine, the fracture toughness of the composite under moderate loading rates was measured. We observed that the mode-I fracture toughness was not sensitive to the loading rate at the crack tip, K, while the mode-II 'dynamic' fracture toughness increased approximately 50 percent over the quasi-static fracture toughness. A qualitative explanation of the dependency of fracture toughness on crack-tip loading rate is discussed. Finally, a mechanical fracture criterion, at the microscopic level, which governs the crack initiation under mixed-mode loading conditions is presented; these theoretical predictions closely follow the trend of experimental measurements. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Engn Mech, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. RP Liu, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Technol Div, MST 5, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM cliu@lanl.gov RI Huang, Yonggang/B-6998-2009 NR 33 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 7 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-9429 J9 INT J FRACTURE JI Int. J. Fract. PY 1997 VL 87 IS 3 BP 241 EP 263 DI 10.1023/A:1007419406590 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA ZR399 UT WOS:000073971400003 ER PT J AU Joslyn, C AF Joslyn, C TI Measurement of possibilistic histograms from interval data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE possibilistic histograms; semiotics; possibilistic measurement; general information theory; fuzzy measures; possibility theory; random sets; random intervals; fuzzy intervals; fuzzy numbers ID FUZZY NUMBERS; INFORMATION; SETS AB Measurement methods are a central requirement for the semantic grounding of any mathematical systems theory. Therefore possibility theory, as a branch of General Information Theory (err), requires objective measurement methods to extend its agenda and applications beyond the fuzzy theory from which it emerged. General measuring devices, when defined on intervals of R, yield empirical random intervals which, when consistent, yield possibility distributions as their plausibilistic traces. These empirical possibility distributions are called possibilistic histograms, and are fuzzy intervals. Their continuous approximations, even for very small sample sizes, yield the the standard fuzzy interval forms commonly used in fuzzy system applications. RP Joslyn, C (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87543, USA. NR 48 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU GORDON BREACH SCI PUBL LTD PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 0308-1079 J9 INT J GEN SYST JI Int. J. Gen. Syst. PY 1997 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 9 EP 33 DI 10.1080/03081079708945167 PG 25 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA XN311 UT WOS:A1997XN31100002 ER PT J AU Nguyen, HD Paik, S Pop, I AF Nguyen, HD Paik, S Pop, I TI Transient thermal convection in a spherical enclosure containing a fluid core and a porous shell SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-CONVECTION; RECTANGULAR ENCLOSURE; HEAT-TRANSFER; FLOW; LAYER AB Transient natural convection in a spherical enclosure containing a central core fluid and a porous shell fully saturated with the same fluid is investigated numerically. Simulations are based on a mathematical model consisting of the Navier-Stokes equations for the fluid region, the Brinkman equation for flow through porous media, a convective diffusion equation for energy transport, and the Boussinesq approximation for buoyancy. Solutions are obtained by a hybrid spectral method which combines the concepts of Galerkin and collocation methods with Legendre and Chebyshev polynomials employed as basis functions, respectively. Time advancement is accomplished by a combined Adams-Bashforth and backward Euler schemes. The numerical results exhibit remarkable effects along the porous-fluids interface;however, the overall heat flux is only sensitive to the thermal conductivity ratio of the solid matrix to the fluid. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV CLUJ,FAC MATH,R-3400 CLUJ NAPOCA,ROMANIA. RP Nguyen, HD (reprint author), IDAHO NATL ENGN LAB,IDAHO FALLS,ID 83415, USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 40 IS 2 BP 379 EP 392 DI 10.1016/0017-9310(96)00095-6 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA VM848 UT WOS:A1997VM84800013 ER PT J AU Lee, HR DaSilva, L Ford, G Haddad, W McNulty, I Trebes, J Yeh, Y AF Lee, HR DaSilva, L Ford, G Haddad, W McNulty, I Trebes, J Yeh, Y TI Novel iterative optimizing quantization technique and its application to X-ray tomographic microscopy for three-dimensional reconstruction from a limited number of views SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tomography; limited number of views; iterative optimization technique; X-ray tomographic microscopy ID RADIATION-DAMAGE; ART AB The iterative optimizing quantization technique (IOQT) is a novel method in reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) images from a limited number of 2D projections. IOQT can reduce the artifacts and image distortion due to a limited number of projections and limited range of viewing angles. Equivalently, by reducing the number of projections required for reconstruction, the use of IOQT can reduce the dose delivered to the specimen, simplify the complexity of an experimental setup, and consequently support the development of techniques to nondestructively image microstructures of materials. In this article, we will demonstrate the capability of IOQT to reconstruct an accurate 3D image of an object from a limited number of views, using a computer simulation and an actual 3D test pattern experiment with submicrometer features. In addition, we will introduce a promising application of IOQT to X-ray tomographic microscopy to study microbiological specimens by presenting the 3D reconstructions of the two different-conditioned human sperm cells from six projections. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT APPL SCI,DAVIS,CA 95616. UNIV CALIF DAVIS,DEPT ELECT ENGN,DAVIS,CA 95616. RP Lee, HR (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,9700 S CASS AVE,BLDG 431-B006,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 SN 0899-9457 J9 INT J IMAG SYST TECH JI Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol. PY 1997 VL 8 IS 2 BP 204 EP 213 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA WP966 UT WOS:A1997WP96600007 ER PT J AU Hanson, KM Cunningham, GS McKee, RJ AF Hanson, KM Cunningham, GS McKee, RJ TI Uncertainty assessment for reconstructions based on deformable geometry SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMAGING SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Its Signal Processing CY OCT 18-20, 1996 CL UNIV ILLINOIS URBANA CHAMPAIGN, BECKMAN INST ADV SCI & TECHNOL, URBANA, IL HO UNIV ILLINOIS URBANA CHAMPAIGN, BECKMAN INST ADV SCI & TECHNOL AB Deformable geometric models can be used in the context of Bayesian analysis to solve ill-posed tomographic reconstruction problems. The uncertainties associated with a Bayesian analysis may be assessed by generating a set of random samples from the posterior, which may be accomplished using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique. We demonstrate the combination of these techniques for a reconstruction of a two-dimensional object from two orthogonal noisy projections. The reconstructed object is modeled in terms of a deformable geometrically defined boundary with a uniform interior density yielding a nonlinear reconstruction problem. We show how an MCMC sequence can be used to estimate uncertainties in the location of the edge of the reconstructed object. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. RP Hanson, KM (reprint author), LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB, MS P940, LOS ALAMOS, NM 87545 USA. RI Cunningham, Gregory/F-1017-2011 OI Cunningham, Gregory/0000-0001-8819-4345 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0899-9457 J9 INT J IMAG SYST TECH JI Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol. PY 1997 VL 8 IS 6 BP 506 EP 512 DI 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1098(1997)8:6<506::AID-IMA2>3.0.CO;2-E PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA YG204 UT WOS:A1997YG20400002 ER PT J AU Asay, JR AF Asay, JR TI The use of shock-structure methods for evaluating high-pressure material properties SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY OCT 08-10, 1996 CL FREIBURG, GERMANY ID ELASTIC PRECURSOR DECAY; STRENGTH; LIF; ALUMINUM; STATES AB On the occasion of the Distinguished Scientist Award presentation made at the 1994 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium, the capabilities far using time-resolved wave structure measurements to explore a wide range of dynamic material response were discussed. The presentation provided a brief summary of the status of high velocity launchers and modem diagnostics for studying a wide range of dynamic material properties, a summary of research on the high-pressure strength properties of shock materials, results of shock-induced dynamic phase changes including polymorphic, melting and vaporization and thoughts about the future of shock compression science. The following discussion covers the overall presentation given at the Symposium. RP Asay, JR (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,SHOCK PHYS APPLICAT DEPT,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 71 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1-5 BP 27 EP 61 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(97)87478-7 PG 35 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA YJ678 UT WOS:A1997YJ67800006 ER PT J AU Baum, DW Kuklo, RM Reaugh, JE Simonson, SC AF Baum, DW Kuklo, RM Reaugh, JE Simonson, SC TI Time-resolved diagnostics for concrete target response SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY OCT 08-10, 1996 CL FREIBURG, GERMANY AB In order to facilitate the design of advanced penetrating weapons for defeating land targets, the interaction of concrete with high-velocity penetrators needs to be better characterized. To aid in this effort, three new types of time-resolved diagnostics are being developed and have been used in two experiments and one demonstration: fiber optic arrays to localize penetrators in space and time, Fabry-Perot velocimetry to record the concrete particle velocity, which is related to the pressure, at specific locations within concrete targets, and micropower impulse radar to provide a non-intrusive measure of the penetrator position-time history in a target. The two experiments used the fiber optic array and the Fabry-Perot velocimeter to diagnose the response of concrete to penetration by a Viper shaped charge jet. The results were analyzed using the CALE continuum mechanics simulation program, for which a preliminary model of the material properties of concrete was developed. The fiber optic arrays recorded the bow shock at locations 6.4 and 16.9 cm from the front surfaces. The Fabry-Perot velocimeter measured a free-surface velocity of 0.13 km/s at a distance of 3 cm and obliquity 70 degrees from the jet, which was moving at an interface velocity of 4.0 km/s at a depth of 29 cm. These values imply a pressure of about 6.6 kbar at that location. The demonstration used micropower impulse radar with a pulse repetition frequency of 0.25 MHz and a cell size of 30 ps to detect and record the motion of a metal penetrator simulant moving inside a cylindrical concrete target. RP Baum, DW (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1-5 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(97)87483-0 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA YJ678 UT WOS:A1997YJ67800011 ER PT J AU Grady, DE Kipp, ME AF Grady, DE Kipp, ME TI Fragmentation properties of metals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1996 Hypervelocity Impact Symposium (HVIS) CY OCT 08-10, 1996 CL FREIBURG, GERMANY ID HIGH-VELOCITY IMPACT; DYNAMIC FRAGMENTATION; PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; HYDROCODE SIMULATION; FRACTURE; STATISTICS; CODE AB In the present study we describe an experimental fracture material property test method specific to dynamic fragmentation. A spherical metal sample is subjected to controlled impulsive stress loads by acceleration to a high velocity in a light-gas launcher with subsequent normal impact onto a thin plate. Motion, deformation and fragmentation of the test sample are diagnosed with multiple flash radiography. Strain-to-failure and fragmentation property data for several steels, copper, aluminum, tantalum and titanium are reported. The processes leading to failure and fragmentation have been analyzed with computational methods. C1 SANDIA NATL LABS,MS 0820,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185. RP Grady, DE (reprint author), APPL RES ASSOCIATES INC,SUITE A220,4300 SAN MATEO BLVD NE,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87110, USA. NR 30 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PY 1997 VL 20 IS 1-5 BP 293 EP 308 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(97)87502-1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA YJ678 UT WOS:A1997YJ67800030 ER PT J AU Youngdahl, CK AF Youngdahl, CK TI A mode approximation method for the dynamic response of a strain-hardening cantilever SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMPACT ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE dynamic plasticity; mode methods; strain hardening ID BEAMS AB An instantaneous mode solution is developed for a rigid, strain-hardening cantilever beam. The response progresses through phases analogous to those for a perfectly plastic beam. In particular, the concentrated hinges and hinge bands for the perfectly plastic beam become regions of variable curvature and uniform curvature when strain hardening is introduced. Governing differential equations are derived for the time dependence of the mode amplitude and plastic region sizes. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. RP Youngdahl, CK (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,REACTOR ENGN DIV,9700 S CASS AVE,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0734-743X J9 INT J IMPACT ENG JI Int. J. Impact Eng. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 19 IS 1 BP 81 EP 94 DI 10.1016/S0734-743X(96)00002-4 PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA WC119 UT WOS:A1997WC11900006 ER PT J AU Williams, PT AF Williams, PT TI Deviations from maximum weight predict high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in runners: The National Runners' Health Study SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE exercise; running; physical activity; high-density lipoproteins; low-density lipoproteins; adiposity; weight set-point ID LONG-DISTANCE RUNNERS; SET-POINT THEORY; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; LIPASE ACTIVITY; MEN; EXERCISE; SUBFRACTIONS; INCREASE; DIET AB OBJECTIVE: The inverse relationship between adiposity and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is well established, however, we believe that its usual representation lacks an important dimension. The purpose of this study is to test whether the relationship depends upon past weight history in addition to current weight. DESIGN: Physician-supplied medical data were compared to questionnaires from a national cross-sectional survey. SUBJECTS: 6847 men who ran between zero and 171 km per week. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported current weight, greatest lifetime weight and body circumferences were compared to physician-supplied data for plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. RESULTS: Current HDL-cholesterol levels were greatest in those runners with the greatest weight loss since their maximum lifetime weight and the greatest reductions in circumference of their waist, hip, and chest since their maximum weight. Plasma levels of triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol were also significantly lower for runners showing the greatest decreases in total and regional adiposity since their maximum weight. The results remained significant when adjusted for current body mass index and running mileage. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the lipoprotein concentrations of runners are in part dependent upon whether the current weight is relatively high or low within the historical range of weights experienced by the individual. RP Williams, PT (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,DIV LIFE SCI,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BLDG 934,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-45652]; NIA NIH HHS [R03 AG032004-01A1, R03 AG032004] NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU STOCKTON PRESS PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND RG21 6XS SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 21 IS 1 BP 6 EP 13 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0800352 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA WB663 UT WOS:A1997WB66300002 PM 9023594 ER PT J AU Paszty, C AF Paszty, C TI Mouse models for the alpha and beta thalassemias SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thalassemia; mouse; transgenic; gene targeting ID STEM-CELLS; GLOBIN GENE; MUTATIONS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; ERYTHROPOIETIN; IMPROVEMENT; DISRUPTION; MICE AB Thalassemia is the most common genetic disorder found in humans and will likely retain this distinction for some time due to the fact that large population increases are expected in many developing countries where the frequency of thalassemia is already relatively high. Current treatment options for thalassemia are fairly limited (transfusion, chelation therapy) and, therefore, the development of more practical and more permanent therapies is desirable. In this regard the availability of authentic mouse models for the various thalassemias would be extremely useful. To this end, transgenesis and gene targeting have recently been used to create mouse models for all of the clinically relevant a and b thalassemias. These mice should serve as important substrates for studying disease pathophysiology and for testing and developing novel approaches, such as hematopoietic stem cell therapy and gene therapy, for treating and perhaps one day curing thalassemia. This review covers the use of transgenesis and gene targeting in making mouse models of thalassemia, as well as the phenotypic characteristics of the various models themselves. RP Paszty, C (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB,CTR HUMAN GENOME,1 CYCLOTRON RD,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HARWOOD ACAD PUBL GMBH PI READING PA C/O STBS LTD, PO BOX 90, READING, BERKS, ENGLAND RG1 8JL SN 1070-2903 J9 INT J PEDIAT HEM ONC JI Int. J. Pediatr. Hematol-Oncol. PY 1997 VL 4 IS 1 BP 75 EP & PG 11 WC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics SC Oncology; Hematology; Pediatrics GA WY484 UT WOS:A1997WY48400011 ER PT J AU Williams, TO Pindera, MJ AF Williams, TO Pindera, MJ TI An analytical model for the inelastic axial shear response of unidirectional metal matrix composites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY LA English DT Article DE microstructure; micromechanical modeling; fibre-reinforced composite material; elastic-plastic material; constitutive behaviour ID THERMOPLASTIC RESPONSE; FIBER; STRESSES AB An analytical solution is presented for the inelastic response of an arbitrarily layered concentric cylinder assemblage under axial shear loading of the type that produces homogeneous deformation in an equivalent homogenized medium. This solution forms the basis for the model for the axial shear response of unidirectional metal matrix composites based on the multiple concentric cylinder geometry. First, analytical solutions are developed using a Fourier series representation of the displacement field in each layer of the cylindrical assemblage. These solutions are subsequently reformulated in terms of the interfacial displacement harmonics as the fundamantal unknowns by constructing a local stiffness matrix for each layer. Assembly of the local stiffness matrices into a global stiffness matrix in a particular manner ensures satisfaction of interfacial traction and displacement continuity conditions as well as the external boundary conditions. The resulting system of equations, in which integrals of the inelastic strain distributions (which depend implicitly on the interfacial displacements) appear as force-like terms, is then solved using Mendelson's iterative method of successive solutions developed for elastoplastic boundary value problems. Results are presented that illustrate the convergence characteristics of the solution, comparison with the predictions of Aboudi's well-established generalized method of cells, and the effects of fiber anisotropy on the inelastic axial shear response of unidirectional graphite/aluminum composites. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV VIRGINIA,DEPT CIVIL ENGN & APPL MECH,CHARLOTTESVILLE,VA 22903. LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0749-6419 J9 INT J PLASTICITY JI Int. J. Plast. PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 261 EP 289 DI 10.1016/S0749-6419(97)00011-9 PG 29 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA XJ288 UT WOS:A1997XJ28800005 ER PT J AU Mangun, GR AF Mangun, GR TI Probing attention and awareness with electromagnetic and functional neuroimaging SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,DEPT PSYCHOL,DAVIS,CA 95616. RI Martin Arevalo, Elisa/L-4472-2014 OI Martin Arevalo, Elisa/0000-0002-4546-6440 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8760 J9 INT J PSYCHOPHYSIOL JI Int. J. Psychophysiol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 25 IS 1 BP 76 EP 76 DI 10.1016/S0167-8760(97)85557-2 PG 1 WC Psychology, Biological; Neurosciences; Physiology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology GA WL759 UT WOS:A1997WL75900190 ER PT J AU Sachs, RK Chen, AM Brenner, DJ AF Sachs, RK Chen, AM Brenner, DJ TI Review: Proximity effects in the production of chromosome aberrations by ionizing radiation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; DOUBLE-STRAND BREAKS; HUMAN-LYMPHOCYTES; HUMAN-FIBROBLASTS; CELL-SURVIVAL; INTERPHASE CHROMOSOMES; BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY; EXCHANGE ABERRATIONS; ALPHA-PARTICLES; TRACK STRUCTURE AB After ionizing radiation has induced double-strand DNA breaks (dsb), misrejoining produces chromosome aberrations. Aberration yields are influenced by 'proximity' effects, i.e. by the dependence of misrejoining probabilities on initial dsb separations. We survey proximity effects, emphasizing implications for chromosome aberration-formation mechanisms, for chromatin geometry: and for dose-response relations. Evidence for proximity effects comes from observed biases for centric rings and against three-way inter-changes, relative to dicentrics or translocations. Other evidence comes from the way aberration yields depend on radiation dose and quality, tightly bunched ionizations being relatively effective. We conclude: (1) that misrejoining probabilities decrease as the distance between dsb at the time of their formation increases, and almost all misrejoining occurs among dsb initially separated by <1/3 of a cell nucleus diameter; (2) that chromosomes occupy (irregular) territories during the G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle, having dimensions also roughly 1/3 of a cell nucleus diameter; (3) that proximity effects have the potential to probe how much different chromosomes intertwine or move relative to each other; and (4) that incorporation of proximity effects into the classic random breakage-and-reunion model allows quantitative interrelation of yields for many different aberration types and of data obtained with various FISH Fainting methods or whole-genome scoring. C1 COLUMBIA UNIV,CTR RADIOL RES,NEW YORK,NY 10032. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94551. RP Sachs, RK (reprint author), UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MATH,BERKELEY,CA 94720, USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA63897]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07361] NR 102 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 71 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WE400 UT WOS:A1997WE40000001 PM 9020958 ER PT J AU Lucas, JN Hill, FS Chen, AM Burk, CE AF Lucas, JN Hill, FS Chen, AM Burk, CE TI A rapid method for measuring pericentric inversions using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHROMOSOME-ABERRATIONS; RADIATION; FREQUENCY AB We used thr ee common fluorescent probes to measure pericentric inversion frequencies in 2.9 Gy Co-60 gamma-irradiated human lymphocytes. For a given chromosome, the first probe is specific to one telomeric region, the second probe is specific to one subcentromeric region and the third probe is specific to the centromere. A pericentric inversion is made observable by the change in position (switching) of the fluorescent signals relative to the chromosome centromere. Our data showed equality between pericentric inversions and centric rings. The calculated whole-genome F-ratio of apparently simple translocations to pericentric inversions was 5.6. C1 UNIV CALIF BERKELEY,DEPT MATH,BERKELEY,CA 94720. RP Lucas, JN (reprint author), LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,POB 808,LIVERMORE,CA 94551, USA. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA ONE GUNPOWDER SQUARE, LONDON, ENGLAND EC4A 3DE SN 0955-3002 J9 INT J RADIAT BIOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Biol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 71 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 PG 5 WC Biology; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA WE400 UT WOS:A1997WE40000003 PM 9020960 ER PT J AU Siantar, CLH Cox, LJ vonWittenau, AS AF Siantar, CLH Cox, LJ vonWittenau, AS TI Application of the peregrine Monte Carlo dose calculation system to stereotactic radiosurgery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA 94550. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2 SU S BP 182 EP 182 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XW280 UT WOS:A1997XW28000177 ER PT J AU Mohan, R Wu, Q HartmannSiantar, C Chandler, W Garmon, P Tercilla, O Huang, T SchmidtUllrich, R AF Mohan, R Wu, Q HartmannSiantar, C Chandler, W Garmon, P Tercilla, O Huang, T SchmidtUllrich, R TI Treatment improvement potential with higher dose accuracy for lung treatments SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MCV HOSP,RICHMOND,VA. MCGUIRE VA HOSP,RICHMOND,VA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2 SU S BP 183 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(97)80655-4 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XW280 UT WOS:A1997XW28000178 ER PT J AU Arnfield, M Garmon, P HartmannSiantar, C Cox, L Libby, B Wu, Q Zwicker, R Mohan, R AF Arnfield, M Garmon, P HartmannSiantar, C Cox, L Libby, B Wu, Q Zwicker, R Mohan, R TI The impact of the lateral transport of radiation on the accuracy of computed dose SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY BIOLOGY PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 MCV HOSP,RICHMOND,CA. MCGUIRE VA HOSP,RICHMOND,VA. LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATL LAB,LIVERMORE,CA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0360-3016 J9 INT J RADIAT ONCOL JI Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. PY 1997 VL 39 IS 2 SU S BP 213 EP 213 DI 10.1016/S0360-3016(97)80715-8 PG 1 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA XW280 UT WOS:A1997XW28000239 ER PT B AU Pope, RB Easton, EP Shankman, SF Boyle, RW AF Pope, RB Easton, EP Shankman, SF Boyle, RW BE Price, MST TI Development of guidance on applications of regulatory requirements for low specific activity materials and surface contaminated objects SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS TRANSPORT, VOL 8, NOS 3 AND 4, 1997: TRANSPORT FOR THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Transport for the Nuclear Industry CY MAY 13-15, 1997 CL BOURNEMOUTH, ENGLAND SP Inst Nucl Engineers, London, European Nucl Soc, British Nucl Energy Soc, Inst Civil Engineers, Inst Mech Engineers AB In 1985, the International Atomic Energy Agency issued revised regulations for the safe transport of radioactive material. Significant among the changes were major revisions to requirements for Low Specific Activity (LSA) material and Surface Contaminated Objects (SCOs). In preparation for the adoption of these requirements into regulations in the United States, it became apparent that guidance on how to apply these requirements, clarifying technical uncertainties and ensuring proper implementation, would be needed both by the regulators and those regulated. Thus, the US Department of Transportation and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, with the assistance of staff from Oak Ridge National Laboratory, are preparing regulatory guidance for LSA material and SCO transport. The guidance will present examples of acceptable methods for demonstrating compliance with the revised rules. Ideas being investigated for inclusion in the pending guidance are discussed in this paper. Under current plans, the guidance will be issued for public comment prior to final issue of the guidance in 1997. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Transportat Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pope, RB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Transportat Technol Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAMTRANS PUBLISHING PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX NO 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND BN 1-870965-55-8 PY 1997 BP 299 EP 305 PG 7 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BK07U UT WOS:000071089800024 ER PT B AU Pope, B Easton, EP Cook, JR Boyle, RW AF Pope, B Easton, EP Cook, JR Boyle, RW BE Price, MST TI Development of guidance on applications of regulatory requirements for regulating large, contaminated equipment and large decommissioning and decontamination (D & D) components SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS TRANSPORT, VOL 8, NOS 3 AND 4, 1997: TRANSPORT FOR THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Transport for the Nuclear Industry CY MAY 13-15, 1997 CL BOURNEMOUTH, ENGLAND SP Inst Nucl Engineers, London, European Nucl Soc, British Nucl Energy Soc, Inst Civil Engineers, Inst Mech Engineers AB In 1985, the International Atomic Energy Agency issued revised regulations for the safe transport of radioactive material. Significant were major changes to requirements for Low Specific Activity (LSA) material and Surface Contaminated Objects (SCOs). As these requirements were adopted into regulations in the United States, it was recognised that guidance on how to apply these requirements to large, contaminated/activated pieces of equipment and decommissioning and decontamination (D&D) objects would be needed both by the regulators and those regulated to clarify technical uncertainties and ensure implementation. Thus, the US Department of Transportation and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, with assistance of staff from Oak Ridge National Laboratory, are preparing regulatory guidance which will present examples of acceptable methods for demonstrating compliance with the revised rules for large items. Concepts being investigated for inclusion in the pending guidance are discussed in this paper. Under current plans, the guidance will be issued for public comment before final issuance in 1997. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Transport Technol Grp, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Pope, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Transport Technol Grp, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RAMTRANS PUBLISHING PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX NO 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND BN 1-870965-55-8 PY 1997 BP 331 EP 338 PG 8 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA BK07U UT WOS:000071089800028 ER PT J AU Tweet, KD Forrestal, MJ Baker, WE AF Tweet, KD Forrestal, MJ Baker, WE TI Diverging elastic waves in thin tapered plates SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article AB We studied diverging elastic waves in thin, truncated, tapered plates loaded in the plane of the plates with sine-squared strain pulses. A one-dimensional plane stress model was developed to predict the strain pulses that propagate away from the loaded edges into the linearly increasing plate cross-sections. We conducted experiments with 6.35-mm-thick, 6061-T651 aluminum plates and measured strain-time responses at two locations away from the loaded edges along the plate centerlines. Strain measurements from plates with 6- and 12-degree half-apex angles were compared with predictions from the one-dimensional model. Copyright (C) 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 UNIV NEW MEXICO,DEPT MECH ENGN,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131. RP Tweet, KD (reprint author), SANDIA NATL LABS,POB 5800,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87185, USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX5 1GB SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 34 IS 3 BP 289 EP 296 DI 10.1016/S0020-7683(96)00009-1 PG 8 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA VX147 UT WOS:A1997VX14700001 ER PT J AU Grimes, DJ Woese, CR MacDonell, MT Colwell, RR AF Grimes, DJ Woese, CR MacDonell, MT Colwell, RR TI Systematic study of the genus Vogesella gen nov and its type species, Vogesella indigofera comb nov SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBONUCLEIC-ACID CISTRONS; 5S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; INTERGENERIC SIMILARITIES; SEQUENCES; CHROMOBACTERIUM; PROTEOBACTERIA; LOCALIZATION; BURKHOLDERIA; PSEUDOMONAS; TAXONOMY AB A blue-pigmented colony that had a metallic copper-colored sheen was isolated in 1973 from a standard spread plate count preparation of oxidation pond sediment. Over the next 11 years, an additional 12 strains of blue-pigmented bacteria mere isolated from freshwater samples and compared to several reference strains of bacteria. Morphological and biochemical tests revealed that these 13 isolates were very similar to [Pseudo-monas] indigofera ATCC 19706(T) (T = type strain) and ATCC 14036. A numerical analysis (in which simple matching similarity coefficients were clustered by the unweighted pair group mathematical averaging method) of morphological and biochemical characteristics revealed 90.0% relatedness between the 13 isolates and [P.] indigofera ATCC 19706(T) and ATCC 14036 and 73.6% relatedness between the 13 isolates and a cluster containing Burkholderia cepacia ATCC 25416(T), Janthinobacterium lividum ATCC 12473(T), and the Pseudomonas species tested. A phylogenetic analysis, in which both 5S rRNA and 16S rRNA were used, also revealed that the 13 isolates were closely related to each other and to strains ATCC 19706(T) and ATCC 14036. In addition, both 5S rRNA and 16S rRNA analyses demonstrated that the isolates and strains ATCC 19706(T) and ATCC 14036 were members of the beta subdivision of the Proteobacteria and were closely related to Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12742(T) but sufficiently distinct to warrant placement in a new genus. Accordingly, we propose that the 13 isolates and strains ATCC 19706(T) and ATCC 14306 be placed in the genus Vogesella gen. nov., which is named in honor of Otto Voges, who first isolated and described this blue-pigmented eubacterium in 1893. We also propose that [P.] indigofera be renamed Vogesella indigofera comb. nov. and designated the type species of the genus; strain ATCC 19706 is the type strain of this species. C1 US DOE,DIV ENVIRONM SCI,OFF ENERGY RES,GERMANTOWN,MD 20874. UNIV ILLINOIS,DEPT MICROBIOL,URBANA,IL 61801. UNIV MARYLAND,INST BIOTECHNOL,COLLEGE PK,MD 20740. NR 55 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 47 IS 1 BP 19 EP 27 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WC106 UT WOS:A1997WC10600003 PM 8995797 ER PT J AU Balkwill, DL Drake, GR Reeves, RH Fredrickson, JK White, DC Ringelberg, DB Chandler, DP Romine, MF Kennedy, DW Spadoni, CM AF Balkwill, DL Drake, GR Reeves, RH Fredrickson, JK White, DC Ringelberg, DB Chandler, DP Romine, MF Kennedy, DW Spadoni, CM TI Taxonomic study of aromatic-degrading bacteria from deep-terrestrial-subsurface sediments and description of Sphingomonas aromaticivorans sp nov, Sphingomonas subterranea sp nov, and Sphingomonas stygia sp nov SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-PAUCIMOBILIS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; GENUS SPHINGOMONAS; FATTY-ACIDS; PHYSIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA; COASTAL-PLAIN; FRESH-WATER; STRAIN; SEQUENCE AB Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences by distance matrix and parsimony methods indicated that six strains of bacteria isolated from deep saturated Atlantic coastal plain sediments were closely related to the genus Spltingomonas. Five of the strains clustered with, but were distinct from, Sphingomonas capsulata, whereas the sixth strain was most closely related to Blastobacter natatorius. The five strains that clustered with S. capsulata, all of which could degrade aromatic compounds, were gram-negative, non-spore-forming, nonmotile, rod shaped organisms that produced small, yellow colonies on complex media. Their G + C contents ranged from 60.0 to 65.4 mol%, and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. All of the strains were aerobic and catalase positive. Indole, urease, and arginine dihydrolase were not produced. Gelatin was not liquified, and glucose was not fermented. Sphingolipids were present in all strains; 2OH14:0 was the major hydroxy fatty acid, and 18:1 was a major constituent of cellular lipids. Acid was produced oxidatively from pentoses, hexoses, and disaccharides, but not from polyalcohols and indole. All of these characteristics indicate that the five aromatic-degrading strains should be placed in the genus Sphingomonas as currently defined. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, DNA-DNA reassociation values, BOX-PCR genomic fingerprinting, differences in cellular lipid composition, and differences in physiological traits all indicated that the five strains represent three previously undescribed Sphingomonas species. Therefore, we propose the following new species: Sphingomonas ar aromaticivorans (type strain, SMCC P199), Sphingomonas subterranea (type strain, SMCC B0478), and Sphingomonas stygia (type strain, SMCC B0712). C1 PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. UNIV TENNESSEE, CTR ENVIRONM BIOTECHNOL, KNOXVILLE, TN 37932 USA. OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, DIV ENVIRONM SCI, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. RP Balkwill, DL (reprint author), FLORIDA STATE UNIV, DEPT BIOL SCI, 312 NUCL RES BLDG, TALLAHASSEE, FL 32306 USA. OI Kennedy, David/0000-0003-0763-501X NR 66 TC 121 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1325 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4171 SN 0020-7713 J9 INT J SYST BACTERIOL JI Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. PD JAN PY 1997 VL 47 IS 1 BP 191 EP 201 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA WC106 UT WOS:A1997WC10600032 PM 8995822 ER PT J AU Brown, MA AF Brown, MA TI Performance metrics for a technology commercialization program SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE program evaluation; technology policy; performance metrics ID INNOVATION PROGRAMS; GOVERNMENT AB This paper describes the results of an evaluation of the Energy-Related Inventions Program (ERIP), one of the longest-running commercialization assistance programs in the USA. The program has been subjected to a series of evaluations since 1984. The performance metrics produced over this decade of data collection, when compared with metrics from other technology innovation efforts, suggest that the Energy-Related Inventions Program has been highly successful. The process of generating these metrics has underscored some of the difficult issues that must be addressed to fairly appraise public investments in technology commercialization. These include: (1) the need to track the progress of program participants for extended periods; (2) complexities associated with accounting for spin-off technologies; (3) determining the external and internal validity of program evaluations; and (4) dealing with performance data that are dominated by a small number of highly successful technologies. RP Brown, MA (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB, ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAM, POB 2008, OAK RIDGE, TN 37831 USA. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 856, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0267-5730 EI 1741-5276 J9 INT J TECHNOL MANAGE JI Int. J. Technol. Manage. PY 1997 VL 13 IS 3 BP 229 EP 244 DI 10.1504/IJTM.1997.001661 PG 16 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA WY513 UT WOS:A1997WY51300002 ER PT J AU Henriksen, AD AF Henriksen, AD TI A technology assessment primer for management of technology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE technology assessment; management of technology; technology analysis; competitiveness ID PUBLIC-POLICY; HEALTH-CARE; PERSPECTIVE; PRINCIPLE; QUESTIONS; MODEL AB Technology assessment (TA) is an important component of effective management of technology. It is therefore important for technology managers to have a range of technology assessment techniques in order to obtain meaningful information for making decisions and maintaining a viable position in the globally competitive marketplace. The purpose of this article is to compile and present a comprehensive toolkit of TA techniques that can lead to improved and more effective management of enterprise product, process, and supporting technologies. The numerous methods and techniques of TA are organized in this paper into nine different categories: economic analysis, decision analysis, systems engineering/analysis, technological forecasting, information monitoring, technical performance assessment, risk assessment, market analysis, and externalities/impact analysis. Specific assessment techniques in each of the nine categories are presented and discussed, and applications from the literature are provided. The role of the manager of technology in the TA process is emphasized. C1 LOS ALAMOS NATL LAB,TECHNOL & SAFETY ASSESSMENT DIV,MS F609,LOS ALAMOS,NM 87545. RP Henriksen, AD (reprint author), UNIV NEW MEXICO,RO ANDERSON GRAD SCH MANAGEMENT,ALBUQUERQUE,NM 87131, USA. NR 85 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0267-5730 J9 INT J TECHNOL MANAGE JI Int. J. Technol. Manage. PY 1997 VL 13 IS 5-6 BP 615 EP 638 DI 10.1504/IJTM.1997.001681 PG 24 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA XG629 UT WOS:A1997XG62900013 ER PT J AU Dooley, JJ Miller, KB Ashton, WB AF Dooley, JJ Miller, KB Ashton, WB TI A case study of problems using international R&D statistics as a basis for decision making SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE R&D policy; R&D portfolios; R&D statistics; international data collection; purchasing power parity rates AB The challenges and opportunities of the global economy make international research and development information increasingly important to those in key decision-making positions in the world. This paper presents a case study of efforts to collect international information to assist decision makers in one research and development agency of the US government. The lack of a standard international method for collecting data created difficulties for researchers seeking to compare data from 10 industrialized nations and the European Community (European Union). The authors recommend that immediate efforts to improve the reliability and the usefulness of international R&D statistics be undertaken and that the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development play a leading role. RP Dooley, JJ (reprint author), PACIFIC NW LAB, RICHLAND, WA 99352 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG 110 AVE LOUIS CASAI CP 306, CH-1215 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND SN 0267-5730 J9 INT J TECHNOL MANAGE JI Int. J. Technol. Manage. PY 1997 VL 13 IS 7-8 BP 895 EP 907 DI 10.1504/IJTM.1997.001694 PG 13 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA XL190 UT WOS:A1997XL19000012 ER PT B AU Lee, JC Henschen, LJ AF Lee, JC Henschen, LJ BE ElAmawy, A Zheng, SQ TI Performance evaluation for a parallel transaction management approach SO INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR COMPUTERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Systems CY OCT 01-03, 1997 CL RADISSON HOTEL NEW ORLEANS, NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Int Soc Comp & Applicat HO RADISSON HOTEL NEW ORLEANS DE database; transactions; concurrency; parallel execution; performance AB We continue our previous study on the conflict resolution approach to transaction management. We compare both time and space performance of our approach with those of other transaction management models. We use mathematical abstraction and calculation for the comparison. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Lee, JC (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave,DIS 900, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY COMPUTER S & THEIR APPLICATIONS (ISCA) PI RALEIGH PA 8820 SIX FORKS ROAD, RALEIGH, NC 27615 USA BN 1-880843-21-8 PY 1997 BP 85 EP 88 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BK87Z UT WOS:000073733600016 ER PT B AU Liu, CT George, EP AF Liu, CT George, EP BE Deevi, SC Maziasz, PJ Sikka, VK Cahn, RW TI Recent advances in alloy design of Ni3Al alloys SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NICKEL AND IRON ALUMINIDES: PROCESSING, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nickel and Iron Aluminides - Processing, Properties and Applications CY OCT 07-09, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP ASM Mat Sci Crit Technol, ASM Specialty Mat Crit Technol Sector, Intermetall Grp AB This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in research and development of Ni3Al-based alloys for structural use at elevated temperatures in hostile environments. Recent studies indicate that polycrystalline Ni3Al is intrinsically quite ductile at ambient temperatures, and its poor tensile ductility and brittle grain-boundary fracture are caused mainly by moisture-induced hydrogen embrittlement when the aluminide is tested in moisture- or hydrogen-containing environments. The tensile ductility of Ni3Al is improved by alloying with substitutional and interstitial elements. Among these alloying elements, boron is most effective in suppressing environmental embrittlement and enhancing grain-boundary cohesion, resulting in a dramatic increase of tensile ductility at room temperature. Both boron-doped and boron-free Ni3Al alloys exhibit brittle intergranular fracture and low ductility at intermediate temperatures (300 to 850 degrees C) because of oxygen-induced embrittlement in oxidizing environments. Chromium is found to be most effective in alleviating elevated-temperature embrittlement. Parallel efforts on alloy development using physical metallurgy principles have led to the development of several Ni3Al alloys for industrial use. The unique properties of these alloys are briefly discussed. RP Liu, CT (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI George, Easo/L-5434-2014 NR 0 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 BN 0-87170-590-7 PY 1997 BP 21 EP 32 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BH44S UT WOS:A1997BH44S00002 ER PT B AU Maziasz, PJ Goodwin, GM Alexander, DJ Viswanathan, S AF Maziasz, PJ Goodwin, GM Alexander, DJ Viswanathan, S BE Deevi, SC Maziasz, PJ Sikka, VK Cahn, RW TI Alloy development and processing effects for FeAl iron aluminides: An overview SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NICKEL AND IRON ALUMINIDES: PROCESSING, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nickel and Iron Aluminides - Processing, Properties and Applications CY OCT 07-09, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP ASM Mat Sci Crit Technol, ASM Specialty Mat Crit Technol Sector, Intermetall Grp AB In the last few years, considerable progress has been made in developing B2-phase FeAl alloys with improved weldability, room-temperature ductility, and high-temperature strength. Controlling the processing-induced microstructure is also important, particularly for minimizing trade-offs in various properties. FeAl alloys have outstanding resistance to high-temperature oxidation, sulfidation, and corrosion in various kinds of molten salts due to formation of protective Al2O3 scales. Recent work shows that FeAl alloys are carburization-resistant as well. Alloys with 36 to 40 at. % Al have the best combination of corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Minor alloying additions of Mo, Zr, and C, together with microalloying additions of B, produce the best combination of weldability and mechanical behavior. Cast FeAl alloys, with 200 to 400 mu m grain size and finely dispersed ZrC, have 2 to 5% tensile ductility in air at room-temperature, and a yield strength > 400 MPa up to about 700 to 750 degrees C. Extruded ingot metallurgy (I/M) and powder metallurgy (P/M) materials with refined grain sizes ranging from 2 to 50 mu m, can have 10 to 15% ductility in air and be much stronger, and can even be quite tough, with Charpy impact energies ranging from 25 to 105 J at room-temperature. This paper highlights progress made in refining the alloy composition and exploring processing effects on FeAl for monolithic applications. It also includes recent progress on developing FeAl weld-overlay technology, and new results on welding of FeAl alloys. It summarizes some of the current industrial testing and interest for applications. RP Maziasz, PJ (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 BN 0-87170-590-7 PY 1997 BP 157 EP 176 PG 20 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BH44S UT WOS:A1997BH44S00011 ER PT B AU Viswanathan, S Duncan, AJ Porter, WD Webb, DS AF Viswanathan, S Duncan, AJ Porter, WD Webb, DS BE Deevi, SC Maziasz, PJ Sikka, VK Cahn, RW TI Modeling of nickel and iron aluminide castings SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NICKEL AND IRON ALUMINIDES: PROCESSING, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nickel and Iron Aluminides - Processing, Properties and Applications CY OCT 07-09, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP ASM Mat Sci Crit Technol, ASM Specialty Mat Crit Technol Sector, Intermetall Grp AB This paper addresses some of the issues involved in the production of nickel and iron aluminide castings and illustrates the use of computer simulation of the casting process to alleviate or solve these problems. A review of available casting software and issues involved in their use is provided. The importance of the availability of accurate thermophysical properties is illustrated by comparing the sensitivity of the computed cooling curves to changes in thermophysical properties. The analysis indicates that if constant thermophysical properties must be used in solidification simulation, the values at the solidus temperature are likely to provide the greatest accuracy; in particular, the analysis indicates that significant errors may be incurred by the use of constant room temperature properties. Examples are provided of the mold filling analysis of sand cast heat treating trays and centrifugally cast transfer rolls of nickel aluminide alloy. In the case of the sand cast heat treating trays, the simulation of mold filling is used to illustrate the benefits of pouring the mold at a tilt to reduce turbulence in the runner. In the case of the centrifugally cast rolls, the simulation is used to illustrate the effect of the inlet velocity during the pour on casting quality. RP Viswanathan, S (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 BN 0-87170-590-7 PY 1997 BP 243 EP 252 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BH44S UT WOS:A1997BH44S00017 ER PT B AU Natesan, K Tortorelli, PF AF Natesan, K Tortorelli, PF BE Deevi, SC Maziasz, PJ Sikka, VK Cahn, RW TI High-temperature corrosion and applications of nickel and iron aluminides in coal-conversion power systems SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NICKEL AND IRON ALUMINIDES: PROCESSING, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nickel and Iron Aluminides - Processing, Properties and Applications CY OCT 07-09, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP ASM Mat Sci Crit Technol, ASM Specialty Mat Crit Technol Sector, Intermetall Grp AB Nickel and iron aluminide intermetallics are being developed for use as structural materials and/or as cladding for conventional engineering alloys. In addition to strength advantages, these materials exhibit excellent resistance to corrosion in single- and multioxidant environments at elevated temperatures by the formation of slow-growing, adherent alumina scales. Corrosion resistance in a given environment is strongly dependent on the composition of the alloy and on the nature of the corrosive species prevalent in the service environment. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current status of the corrosion performance of these intermetallics in oxidizing, sulfidizing, and multicomponent gas environments of typical coal-conversion systems. Mechanisms of scale development/breakdown, performance envelopes for long-term usage of these materials, approaches to modifying the surfaces of engineering alloys by cladding or coating them with intermetallics, and in-service experience with these materials are emphasized. RP Natesan, K (reprint author), ARGONNE NATL LAB,ARGONNE,IL 60439, USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 BN 0-87170-590-7 PY 1997 BP 265 EP 280 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BH44S UT WOS:A1997BH44S00019 ER PT B AU Santella, ML AF Santella, ML BE Deevi, SC Maziasz, PJ Sikka, VK Cahn, RW TI An overview of the welding of Ni3Al and Fe3Al alloys SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NICKEL AND IRON ALUMINIDES: PROCESSING, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nickel and Iron Aluminides - Processing, Properties and Applications CY OCT 07-09, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP ASM Mat Sci Crit Technol, ASM Specialty Mat Crit Technol Sector, Intermetall Grp AB Although significant progress has been made in the efforts to commercialize both Ni3Al and Fe3Al alloys, important technological issues related to their processing, fabrication, mechanical behavior, and environmental resistance are not completely resolved. Weldability, i.e., the degree to which defect formation is resisted when an alloy is welded, is a specific issue related to fabrication technologies that is a major concern for both of these aluminide alloy systems. Work to define and improve the welding behavior of Ni3Al and Fe3Al alloys is reviewed, and progress is illustrated by examples of current activities. The cast Ni3Al alloys currently under development, IC221M and 1C396M, have low resistance to solidification cracking, and therefore, they are difficult to weld. Modifications to the composition of both base alloys and weld deposits, however, increase their resistance to cracking. Crack-free, full-penetration welds were made in centrifugally cast tubes of IC221M. The tensile and stress-rupture properties of the weldments were determined and they compare favorably with base metal properties. Weldability issues have limited the use of Fe3Al alloys to weld overlay applications. Filler metal compositions suitable for weld overlay cladding were developed, and experimental determinations were made of preheat and postweld heat treatment needed to avoid cracking. RP Santella, ML (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 BN 0-87170-590-7 PY 1997 BP 321 EP 327 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BH44S UT WOS:A1997BH44S00023 ER PT B AU Schneibel, JH Subramanian, R Alexander, KB Becher, PF AF Schneibel, JH Subramanian, R Alexander, KB Becher, PF BE Deevi, SC Maziasz, PJ Sikka, VK Cahn, RW TI Processing and properties of FeAl-bonded composites SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NICKEL AND IRON ALUMINIDES: PROCESSING, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nickel and Iron Aluminides - Processing, Properties and Applications CY OCT 07-09, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP ASM Mat Sci Crit Technol, ASM Specialty Mat Crit Technol Sector, Intermetall Grp AB Iron aluminides, which exhibit excellent oxidation and sulfidation resistance, are thermodynamically compatible with a wide range of ceramics such as carbides, borides, oxides, and nitrides, which makes them suitable as the matrix in composites containing fine ceramic particulates. Potential applications for these new materials will be outlined. For ceramic contents varying from 30 to 60 vol.%, composites of Fe-40 at. % Al with WC, TiC, TiB2, and ZrB2 were fabricated by conventional liquid phase sintering of powder mixtures. For ceramic contents from 70 to 85 vol.%, pressureless melt infiltration was found to be a more suitable processing technique. In FeAl-60 vol.% WC, flexure strengths of up to 1.8 GPa were obtained, even though processing defects consisting of small oxide clusters were present. Elimination of such defects, and improvements in the interfacial bonding strength are needed to further improve the strength of these materials. Room temperature fracture toughnesses were determined by flexure testing of chevron-notched specimens. FeAl/WC and FeAl/TiC composites containing 60 vol.% carbide particles exhibited K-Q values around 20 MPa m(1/2). These values are similar to those found in WC/Co hard metals with similar binder volume fractions. In view of the relatively brittle behavior of monolithic iron aluminides this result is surprising. It is rationalized by the ductile necking and debonding of the thin (typically 1 mu m) FeAl ligaments observed on the fracture surfaces. Slow crack growth measurements carried out in water and in dry oxygen suggest a relatively small influence of water-vapor embrittlement. It appears therefore that the mechanical properties of iron aluminides in the form of fine ligaments are quite different from their bulk properties. Further study will be needed to fully understand the relevant mechanisms. Measurements of the oxidation resistance, dry wear resistance, and thermal expansion of iron aluminide composites suggest many potential applications for these new materials. RP Schneibel, JH (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 BN 0-87170-590-7 PY 1997 BP 329 EP 337 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BH44S UT WOS:A1997BH44S00024 ER PT B AU Tiegs, TN Plucknett, KP Menchhofer, PA Becher, PF AF Tiegs, TN Plucknett, KP Menchhofer, PA Becher, PF BE Deevi, SC Maziasz, PJ Sikka, VK Cahn, RW TI Development of nickel-aluminide-bonded WC and TiC cermets SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NICKEL AND IRON ALUMINIDES: PROCESSING, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nickel and Iron Aluminides - Processing, Properties and Applications CY OCT 07-09, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP ASM Mat Sci Crit Technol, ASM Specialty Mat Crit Technol Sector, Intermetall Grp AB Ductile nickel aluminide (Ni3Al) alloys were used as the 'binder' phase for the fabrication of both tungsten carbide and titanium carbide (WC and TiC) bonded cermets. These composite materials are analogous to the conventional WC-Co and TiC-Ni hardmetal systems that are well known and used extensively in industry. Cermets of B-doped ductile Ni3Al alloys with WC or TiC powders were produced by several powder processing methods including hot-pressing, pressureless sintering and melt infiltration. High temperature mechanical property testing showed the flexural strengths are retained up to temperatures of approximately 800 degrees C. The fracture toughness and hardness were found to be equal or higher than comparable Go-based hardmetal systems. The Ni3Al-bonded cermets also showed excellent corrosion resistance in acid solutions. RP Tiegs, TN (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. RI Menchhofer, Paul/E-1529-2017 OI Menchhofer, Paul/0000-0001-9475-314X NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 BN 0-87170-590-7 PY 1997 BP 339 EP 357 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BH44S UT WOS:A1997BH44S00025 ER PT B AU Sikka, VK AF Sikka, VK BE Deevi, SC Maziasz, PJ Sikka, VK Cahn, RW TI Commercialization of nickel and iron aluminides SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NICKEL AND IRON ALUMINIDES: PROCESSING, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Nickel and Iron Aluminides - Processing, Properties and Applications CY OCT 07-09, 1996 CL CINCINNATI, OH SP ASM Mat Sci Crit Technol, ASM Specialty Mat Crit Technol Sector, Intermetall Grp AB Metallurgists are taught during their college education that intermetallics are brittle phases and should be avoided in alloys of commercial interest. This education is so deeply rooted that irrespective of very significant advances made in the ductilization of aluminides, the road to their acceptance and commercialization is extremely tough. This paper identifies the requirements for commercialization of any new alloy and reports the activities carried out to commercialize nickel and iron aluminides. The paper also identifies areas which meet the current commercialization requirements and areas needing additional effort. RP Sikka, VK (reprint author), OAK RIDGE NATL LAB,OAK RIDGE,TN 37831, USA. NR 0 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 BN 0-87170-590-7 PY 1997 BP 361 EP 375 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BH44S UT WOS:A1997BH44S00026 ER PT S AU Cooper, MD Brooks, M Hogan, GE Laptev, VD Mischke, RE Cooper, PS Chen, Y Dzemidzic, M Empl, A Hungerford, EV Lan, K von Witsch, W Stantz, K Szymanski, J Gagliardi, C Tribble, RE Koetke, DD Manweiler, R Stanislaus, S Ziock, KOH Piilonen, LE AF Cooper, MD Brooks, M Hogan, GE Laptev, VD Mischke, RE Cooper, PS Chen, Y Dzemidzic, M Empl, A Hungerford, EV Lan, K von Witsch, W Stantz, K Szymanski, J Gagliardi, C Tribble, RE Koetke, DD Manweiler, R Stanislaus, S Ziock, KOH Piilonen, LE BE Donnelly, TW TI Lepton flavor violation SO INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS - 6TH CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-JUN 02, 1997 CL BIG SKY, MT SP ANL, Bates, ABNL, FNAL, IUCF, LANL, LBNL, TJNAF, TRIUMF AB The connection of rare decays to supersymmetric grand unification is highlighted, and a review of the status of rare decay experiments is given. Plans for future investigations of processes that violate lepton flavor are discussed. A new result from the MEGA experiment, a search for mu(+) --> e(+)gamma, is reported to be B.R. < 3.8 x 10(-11) with 90% confidence. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Cooper, MD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-712-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 412 BP 34 EP 48 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BK14L UT WOS:000071320100003 ER PT S AU Buchalla, G AF Buchalla, G BE Donnelly, TW TI CP violation in K and B decays SO INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS - 6TH CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-JUN 02, 1997 CL BIG SKY, MT SP ANL, Bates, ABNL, FNAL, IUCF, LANL, LBNL, TJNAF, TRIUMF AB We review basic aspects of the phenomenology of CP violation in the decays of K and B mesons. In particular we discuss the commonly used classification of CP violation - CP violation in the mass matrix, in the interference of mixing with decay, and in the decay amplitude itself - and the related notions of direct and indirect CP violation. These concepts are illustrated with explicit examples. We also emphasize the highlights of this field including the clean observables B(K-L --> pi(0)) and A(CP)(B --> J/Psi K-S). The latter quantity serves to demonstrate the general features of large, mixing induced CP violation in B decays. C1 Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. RP Buchalla, G (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-712-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 412 BP 49 EP 66 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BK14L UT WOS:000071320100004 ER PT S AU Koch, V AF Koch, V BE Donnelly, TW TI Dilepton production in relativistic heavy ion collisions SO INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS - 6TH CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-JUN 02, 1997 CL BIG SKY, MT SP ANL, Bates, ABNL, FNAL, IUCF, LANL, LBNL, TJNAF, TRIUMF AB The present status of our understanding of low mass dilepton production in relativistic heavy ion collisions is discussed. The focus of the discussion will be the sensitivity of dilepton measurements to in medium changes of hadrons and the restoration of chiral symmetry. We will finally discuss how the presence of strong long wavelength pion modes, i.e. disoriented chiral condensates can be seen in the dilepton spectrum. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Koch, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-712-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 412 BP 227 EP 231 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BK14L UT WOS:000071320100017 ER PT S AU Klein, S Scannapieco, E AF Klein, S Scannapieco, E BE Donnelly, TW TI Coherent photons and pomerons in heavy ion collisions SO INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS - 6TH CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-JUN 02, 1997 CL BIG SKY, MT SP ANL, Bates, ABNL, FNAL, IUCF, LANL, LBNL, TJNAF, TRIUMF AB Ultrarelativistic heavy ion beams carry large electromagnetic and strong absorptive fields, allowing exploration of a variety of physics. gamma gamma, gamma P, and PP interactions can probe a huge variety of couplings and final states. RHIC will be the first heavy ion accelerator energetic enough to produce hadronic final states via coherent couplings. Virtual photons from the nuclear EM fields can interact in gamma gamma interactions, which can be exploited to study many particle spectroscopy and QCD topics. Because the photon flux scales as Z(2), gamma gamma luminosities are large up to an energy of about /R approximate to 3 GeV/c. Photon-Pomeron interactions are sensitive to how different vector mesons, including the J/psi, interact with nuclear matter. PP collisions rates are sensitive to the range of the Pomeron. Signals can be separated from backgrounds by using cuts on final state isolation (rapidity gaps) and p(perpendicular to). We present Monte Carlo studies of different backgrounds, showing that representative signals can be extracted with good rates and signal to noise ratios. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Klein, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-712-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 412 BP 274 EP 278 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BK14L UT WOS:000071320100025 ER PT S AU Tanaka, M AF Tanaka, M BE Donnelly, TW TI The BNL AGS accelerator complex status and future plans SO INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS - 6TH CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-JUN 02, 1997 CL BIG SKY, MT SP ANL, Bates, ABNL, FNAL, IUCF, LANL, LBNL, TJNAF, TRIUMF AB This paper describes the present performance and capability of the BNL AGS accelerator complex and possible future intensity upgrade plans. In 1995, the AGS reached its design upgrade goal of 6.0.10(13) ppp with the Booster. The AGS with a new fast extracted beam (FEB) system is able to perform single bunch multiple extraction at 30 Hz per AGS cycle for the g-2 experiment and for RHIC injection. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Tanaka, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, AGS Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-712-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 412 BP 297 EP 299 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BK14L UT WOS:000071320100027 ER PT S AU Goodman, M AF Goodman, M BE Donnelly, TW TI The Fermilab Long-Baseline Neutrino program SO INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS - 6TH CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-JUN 02, 1997 CL BIG SKY, MT SP ANL, Bates, ABNL, FNAL, IUCF, LANL, LBNL, TJNAF, TRIUMF AB Fermilab is embarking upon a neutrino oscillation program which includes a long-baseline neutrino experiment MINOS. MINOS will be a 10 kiloton detector located 730 km Northwest of Fermilab in the Soudan underground laboratory. It will be sensitive to neutrino oscillations with parameters above Delta m(2) similar to 3 x 10(-3) eV(2) and sin(2)(2 theta) similar to 0.02. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Goodman, M (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, HEP362,9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-712-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 412 BP 300 EP 306 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BK14L UT WOS:000071320100028 ER PT S AU Michaels, R AF Michaels, R BE Donnelly, TW TI First commissioning results from Hall A at TJNAF SO INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS - 6TH CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-JUN 02, 1997 CL BIG SKY, MT SP ANL, Bates, ABNL, FNAL, IUCF, LANL, LBNL, TJNAF, TRIUMF AB The commissioning and resulting capabilities of Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility for performing coincidence experiments with a continuous-wave electron beam at energies of 0.8-6.0 GeV will be described. The facility consists of a pair of high-resolution magnetic spectrometers to detect scattered particles, together with instrumentation to measure beam properties. The installation of the base equipment has been completed. Commissioning of the spectrometers, including their detector packages, is well advanced, both in single-arm mode and in coincidence mode. C1 Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Michaels, R (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-712-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 412 BP 307 EP 310 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BK14L UT WOS:000071320100029 ER PT S AU Fujino, DH AF Fujino, DH BE Donnelly, TW TI The BaBar detector at the SLAG B-Factory SO INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS - 6TH CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-JUN 02, 1997 CL BIG SKY, MT SP ANL, Bates, ABNL, FNAL, IUCF, LANL, LBNL, TJNAF, TRIUMF AB The BaBar detector at the SLAG B-Factory will search for CP violation in B decays. I will describe the BaBar detector and its current status. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fujino, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-712-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 412 BP 316 EP 321 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BK14L UT WOS:000071320100031 ER PT S AU Lamoreaux, S Cooper, M Greene, G Penttila, S Espy, M Marek, L Tupa, D Krause, R Doyle, J Golub, R AF Lamoreaux, S Cooper, M Greene, G Penttila, S Espy, M Marek, L Tupa, D Krause, R Doyle, J Golub, R BE Donnelly, TW TI A new experiment to measure the electric dipole moment of the neutron? SO INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS - 6TH CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-JUN 02, 1997 CL BIG SKY, MT SP ANL, Bates, ABNL, FNAL, IUCF, LANL, LBNL, TJNAF, TRIUMF AB For nearly fifty years, the limits on the electric dipole moment of the neutron have provided information of great importance in our understanding of the fundamental symmetries of nature. Current experiments using bottled Ultra Cold Neutrons (UCN) provide the best experimental limits on the neutron EDM. While modest improvements may be expected by extension of current methods, major reductions in the experimental error appear unlikely due to statistical sensitivity and systematic effects. This situation is unfortunate as several theoretical notions (supersymmetry and the origin of the baryon asymmetry) suggest a magnitude for the neutron EDM which may be only one or two orders of magnitude below the current limit. Recently, Golub and Lamoreaux (1) have suggested a new method for the measurement of the neutron EDM that uses a novel feature of the interaction between low energy neutron and superfluid He-4 to provide a very high density of UCN in an experimental volume. The proposed method also promises a significant reduction in the dominant systematic effect using a polarized He-3 co-magnetometer in the same volume. Their careful analysis suggests that an improvement of two orders of magnitude in the uncertainty of the neutron EDM may be possible. A review of the current experimental situation is given and the prospects for the realization of such a new experiment are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. RP Lamoreaux, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-712-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 412 BP 387 EP 397 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BK14L UT WOS:000071320100042 ER PT S AU Lising, LJ Adams, JM Anaya, JM Bowles, TJ Chupp, TE Coulter, KP Dewey, MS Elliott, SR Freedman, SJ Fujikawa, BK Garcia, A Greene, GL Hwang, SR Jones, GL Nico, JS Robertson, HGR Steiger, TD Teasdale, WA Thompson, AK Wasserman, EG Wietfeldt, FE Wilkerson, JF AF Lising, LJ Adams, JM Anaya, JM Bowles, TJ Chupp, TE Coulter, KP Dewey, MS Elliott, SR Freedman, SJ Fujikawa, BK Garcia, A Greene, GL Hwang, SR Jones, GL Nico, JS Robertson, HGR Steiger, TD Teasdale, WA Thompson, AK Wasserman, EG Wietfeldt, FE Wilkerson, JF BE Donnelly, TW TI Searching for time reversal invariance violation in polarized neutron decay SO INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS - 6TH CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-JUN 02, 1997 CL BIG SKY, MT SP ANL, Bates, ABNL, FNAL, IUCF, LANL, LBNL, TJNAF, TRIUMF AB Time reversal invariance violation is tightly constrained in the Standard Model, and the existence of a T-violating effect above the predicted level would be an indication of new physics. A sensitive probe of this symmetry in the weak interaction is the measurement of the D-coefficient in neutron decay. This parameter characterizes the triple-correlation of neutron spin, electron momentum, and neutrino (or proton) momentum, which changes sign under time reversal. The emiT experiment, now on line, attempts to improve the measurement of D, whose current average is 0.3 +/- 1.5 x 10(-3). C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Lising, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-712-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 412 BP 399 EP 402 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BK14L UT WOS:000071320100043 ER PT S AU Conzett, HE AF Conzett, HE BE Donnelly, TW TI T-odd correlations in Z(0) decay into three jets and in nuclear beta decay SO INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS - 6TH CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-JUN 02, 1997 CL BIG SKY, MT SP ANL, Bates, ABNL, FNAL, IUCF, LANL, LBNL, TJNAF, TRIUMF AB The naive time-reversal (T-N) operation reverses momenta and spins without the interchange of initial and final states that is included in the time-reversal (T) operation. In a recent report of the measurement of the transverse analyzing-power A(y) in the three-jet decay of polarized Z(0) bosons, A(y) was considered to be a T-N-odd, but not T-odd, observable. This leads to an incorrect conclusion. In this paper it is shown that the T-N operation is an incomplete substitute for the combined conditions that T symmetry and hermiticity impose on the transition amplitudes in first-order electromagnetic or weak processes. Other misconceptions concerning relationships between T-odd operators and (so called) T-odd observables are discussed. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Conzett, HE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Nucl Sci, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-712-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 412 BP 403 EP 407 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BK14L UT WOS:000071320100044 ER PT S AU Hoblit, S Blanpied, G Blecher, M Caracappa, A Djalali, C Giordano, G Hicks, K Khandaker, M Kistner, OC Kuczewski, A Lowry, M Lucas, M Matone, G Miceli, L Preedom, B Rebreyend, D Sandorfi, AM Schaerf, C Sealock, RM Stroher, H Thorn, CE Thornton, ST Tonnison, J Whisnant, CS Zhang, H Zhao, X AF Hoblit, S Blanpied, G Blecher, M Caracappa, A Djalali, C Giordano, G Hicks, K Khandaker, M Kistner, OC Kuczewski, A Lowry, M Lucas, M Matone, G Miceli, L Preedom, B Rebreyend, D Sandorfi, AM Schaerf, C Sealock, RM Stroher, H Thorn, CE Thornton, ST Tonnison, J Whisnant, CS Zhang, H Zhao, X BE Donnelly, TW TI The E2/M1 ratio in Delta photoproduction SO INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS - 6TH CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-JUN 02, 1997 CL BIG SKY, MT SP ANL, Bates, ABNL, FNAL, IUCF, LANL, LBNL, TJNAF, TRIUMF AB New high-precision measurements of p(<(gamma)over right arrow>,pi) and p(<(gamma)over right arrow>, gamma) cross sections and beam asymmetries have been combined with other polariation ratios in a simnltaneous analysis of both reactions. The E2/M1 mixing ratio for the N --> Delta transition extracted from this analysis is EMR = -3.0% +/- 0.3 (stat+sys) +/- 0.2 (model). C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hoblit, S (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-712-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 412 BP 547 EP 551 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BK14L UT WOS:000071320100069 ER PT S AU Reimer, PE Awes, TC Beddo, ME Brown, CN Bush, JD Carey, TA Chang, TH Cooper, WE Gagliardi, CA Garvey, GT Geesaman, DF Hawker, EA He, XC Isenhower, LD Kaufman, SB Kaplan, DM Kirk, PN Koetke, DD Kyle, G Lee, DM Leed, WM Leitch, MJ Makins, N McGaughey, PL Moss, JM Nord, PM Park, BK Papavassiliou, V Peng, JC Petitt, G Sadler, ME Selden, J Stankus, PW Sondheim, WE Thompson, TN Towell, RS Tribble, RE Vasiliev, MA Wang, YC Wang, ZF Webb, JC Willis, JL Wise, D Young, GR Zeidman, B AF Reimer, PE Awes, TC Beddo, ME Brown, CN Bush, JD Carey, TA Chang, TH Cooper, WE Gagliardi, CA Garvey, GT Geesaman, DF Hawker, EA He, XC Isenhower, LD Kaufman, SB Kaplan, DM Kirk, PN Koetke, DD Kyle, G Lee, DM Leed, WM Leitch, MJ Makins, N McGaughey, PL Moss, JM Nord, PM Park, BK Papavassiliou, V Peng, JC Petitt, G Sadler, ME Selden, J Stankus, PW Sondheim, WE Thompson, TN Towell, RS Tribble, RE Vasiliev, MA Wang, YC Wang, ZF Webb, JC Willis, JL Wise, D Young, GR Zeidman, B BE Donnelly, TW TI A preliminary measurement of the (u)over-bar/(d)over-bar asymmetry in the proton sea SO INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS - 6TH CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-JUN 02, 1997 CL BIG SKY, MT SP ANL, Bates, ABNL, FNAL, IUCF, LANL, LBNL, TJNAF, TRIUMF AB The NuSea (E866) experiment at Fermilab has been using Drell-Yan scattering to study the (u) over bar/(d) over bar quark content of the proton by comparing of the yield between liquid hydrogen and liquid deuterium targets. A preliminary ratio of Drell-Yan yields, sigma(pd)/2 sigma(pp), a function of x is shown. This data confirms the previous indications from the NMC and NA51 experiments that (u) over bar not equal (d) over bar. C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Reimer, PE (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, P-25,MS-H846, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-712-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 412 BP 643 EP 647 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BK14L UT WOS:000071320100088 ER PT S AU Blotz, A Shuryak, E AF Blotz, A Shuryak, E BE Donnelly, TW TI Quark and proton spin structure in the instanton liquid model of QCD SO INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS - 6TH CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-JUN 02, 1997 CL BIG SKY, MT SP ANL, Bates, ABNL, FNAL, IUCF, LANL, LBNL, TJNAF, TRIUMF AB Within an instanton based model of QCD we address the important question of how much of the proton spin is carried by the spins of the quarks and how much is due to orbital angular momentum and, the spins of the gluons. Since this question arises already on the level of a single quark inside the proton, we study axial vector correlation functions for a quark in the so called Random Instanton Liquid Model (RILM) as well as for the Interacting Instanton Liquid Model (IILM). C1 Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Blotz, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-712-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 412 BP 670 EP 672 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BK14L UT WOS:000071320100093 ER PT S AU von Smekal, L Mecke, A Alkofer, R AF von Smekal, L Mecke, A Alkofer, R BE Donnelly, TW TI A dynamical eta '-mass from an infrared enhanced gluon exchange SO INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS - 6TH CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-JUN 02, 1997 CL BIG SKY, MT SP ANL, Bates, ABNL, FNAL, IUCF, LANL, LBNL, TJNAF, TRIUMF AB The pseudo-scalar flavor-singlet meson mixes with two gluons. A dimensional argument by Kogut and Susskind shows that this can screen the Goldstone pole of the chiral limit in this channel, if the gluon correlations are infrared enhanced. Using a gluon propagator as singular as sigma/k(4) for k(2) --> 0 we relate the screening mass to the string tension sigma. In the Witten-Veneziano action to describe the eta-eta' mixing this relation yields masses of about 810MeV for the eta', 430MeV for the eta and a mixing angle of about -30 degrees from the phenomenological value sigma approximate to 0.18GeV(2). The very weak temperature dependence of the string tension should make this mechanism experimentally distinguishable from exponentially temperature dependent instanton model predictions. C1 Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP von Smekal, L (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-712-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 412 BP 746 EP 749 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BK14L UT WOS:000071320100113 ER PT S AU Fujino, DH AF Fujino, DH CA CLEO Collaboration BE Donnelly, TW TI Recent charm physics results from CLEO SO INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS - 6TH CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-JUN 02, 1997 CL BIG SKY, MT SP ANL, Bates, ABNL, FNAL, IUCF, LANL, LBNL, TJNAF, TRIUMF AB In this talk I present recent charm physics results from the CLEO experiment. Final state interactions and W-annihilation effects in charmed mesons decays are discussed. These include an isospin analysis of D --> , observation of the candidate W-annihilation decay D-s(+) --> omega pi(+), and evidence of non-factorizable effects in D-s(+) --> eta pi(+), eta'pi(+), eta rho(+), and eta'rho(+) decays. Presented next are CLEO's observations of the spin 3/2(+) excited charmed baryons Sigma(c)(*++) and Sigma(c)(*0), and the excited charmed-strange baryons Xi(c)(*+) and Xi(c)(*0). I conclude with future prospects in charm physics with CLEO's new silicon detector. C1 Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Fujino, DH (reprint author), Univ Calif Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-712-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 412 BP 865 EP 874 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BK14L UT WOS:000071320100136 ER PT S AU Lebrun, P AF Lebrun, P CA Fermilab E687 Collaborat BE Donnelly, TW TI Recent results from Fermilab E687 on charm spectroscopy SO INTERSECTIONS BETWEEN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS - 6TH CONFERENCE SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics CY MAY 27-JUN 02, 1997 CL BIG SKY, MT SP ANL, Bates, ABNL, FNAL, IUCF, LANL, LBNL, TJNAF, TRIUMF AB Recent analyses of charm spectroscopy from Fermilab fixed target experiment 687 [1] are summarized. Emphasis is placed on the phenomenology of Cabibbo suppression in the meson sector. Such transitions have been observed in the semileptonic modes and hadronic modes. While the former transitions give us an opportunity to observe the weak current and the CKM matrix, a systematic comparison of the latter transitions allow us to study strong interaction effects, and possibly, light quark spectroscopy. C1 Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. RP Lebrun, P (reprint author), Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 1-56396-712-X J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 1997 IS 412 BP 901 EP 906 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BK14L UT WOS:000071320100141 ER EF